The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-06 00:00:00

Sheriff to the rear of the court, and in a few minutes
they re urneti.

c

with child of a, quick child or noi?
Several ladies—We say she is.
The JUDGE —l,9t the sentence be respited.
The prisoner, who appeared to b 3 weak from her situa-
tion, but to be but little affected by her awful position,
was then assisted from the bar.

NORTHERN ClRCUlT.—Carlisle, Aug. 4.
CROWN COURT.—(Before Mr. Justice PATTESON.)
Richard Graham, 34, was indicted for bigamy.
It appeared a person of the prisoner's name was mar-
ritd at Anuan, in Scotland, is 1834, to one Mary Eliza-
beth Hammond, the daughter of a Mr. Hammond there,
who had Leen in the West Indies formerly, and had
three daughters by a black, and the daughters were
coloured, which was a material feature in the case, as
there was some difficulty in identifying the parties.
Mr. Hammond having got, it was supposed, money with
his black wife, had returned to Scotland, and become a
farmer at Annan, and the prisoner had been in his ser-
vice, and had ingratiated himself with one of the
daughters.

The jury finding him Guilty,
His LORDSHIP sentenced him to be imprisoned nine
months, with hard labour.

John Wood was indicted for the manslaughter of
Thomas Wilson. at Crosscanonby, near Maryport, on the
16th April last, by administering to him a narcotic and
irritant poison.

This was not presented as a case of an aggravated
character, they did not charge the prisoner with any ill
intention in what he had done—on the contrary, he in-
tended, no doubt, to do great good—but with ignorantly
and rashly administering a dangerous substance, in a
serious and dangerous case, namely, lobilia inflate, which
was a narcotic irritant poison. The deceased was a
youth of 17i years of age, a joiner, as was his father,
in the employ of the railway company. On Thursday,
the 12th of April, he complained of beim* unwell, and
did not go to his work till eight o'clock. He was a little
better on Friday, but on Saturday he was again
unwell; and at his request, John Story, a blacksmith, a
member of the Botanic Society at Mary port, was called
in, and he administered yarrow and cayenne, and after-
wards mountain flax, as he complained of great pain in
the lower part of his belly. At four o'clock on Sunday
morning he was so ill that he was shrieking with pain,
and he desired his father to send for the prisoner, whom
he knew, and had employed before. The prisoner came,
and ordered him a dose, which, among other things, con-
tained two teaspoonsful of lobelia, which would be at
least 120 grains, to be talc( n inwardly, and an injection,
containing 60 grains. The dose and the injection were re.
peated (Mr. Bliss said, but this was not satisfactorily
proved. The prisoner (who is a shoemaker, and a
member of the Maryport Botanical Society) had a book
with him, and he showed the deceased and his father a
case, which he said was similar to the son's, and asked
them if they were willing that he should treat the son
in the same way, and both consented. Then he gave the
medicine. He then became so bad that Dr. Pearson, of
Maryport, was called in, and afterwards Dr. Curtis, and
they had a consultation, and did what they could for him,
but the poor youth was then in a hopeless state, and died
at four o'clock the same day. On a post mortem exami-
nation the surgeon found congestion of the brain, lungs,
and heart, produced, in their opinion, by a vegetable
poison, and that in their opinion was the cause of death.
Lobelia, they said, would produce those effects.
Mr. Sergeant WILKINS (with whom was Mr. James)
addressed the jury for the prisoner, and contended that
the prisoner had shown the greatest care and caution,
his only object being to relieve gratuitously the sufferings
of his friend, at his and his father's pressing instance,
and that the prosecution was, in fact, instituted by the
medical men to put down a rival.
Mr. Justice PATTESON summed up, and the jury Ac-
quitted the prisoner.

PROSPECTS FOR HUNGARY.
(From the Examiner.)
The Times has reluctantly admitted, during the past
week, that the plan of the campaign against Hungary,
as it was begun by the Imperial armies, has been dislo-
cated by the skill and vigour of the Hungarian com-
manders, and that down to the latest dates the fortune of
war was with the latter. This fact has at the same time
assisted our contemporary to the belief that the Ottoman
Porte may possibly take pert in the struggle, and that
upon the whole the Hungarians have really better chances
than it had hitherto allowed itself to think possible.
Other evidences of returning prosperity are not wanting
to this great and gallant cause.
While Paskiewich and the Ban are out-generalled by
the Hungarian commanders, public opinion in this coun-
try is every day pronouncing itself in a more decided
manner and with more substantial effect. We have the
best authority for stating that the Austrian Camarilla is
seriously alarmed at the state of feeling in England and
at the tong of the independent English press; and this
was before the account of the debate in the House of
Commons on the 20th July, and of the meeting at the
London Tavern, had reached Vienna. The knowledge
of the fact should stimulate the friends of the Hunga-
rians in this country to fresh exertions on their behalf.
The example of public meetings, which has been so
auspiciously given at the London Tavern, and followed
by Marylebone, is being imitated all over the country.
Nor should these meetings be confined to vague and ge-
neral expressions of sympathy; they should tend to a
practical purpose—the recognition by English statesmen
of the de facto Government of Hungary.
The meeting at Marylebone may challenge compari-
so❑ with any held in that borough, fur respectability,
order, and unanimity. That the speeches were of a de-
cidedly liberal cast is no more than might have been
expected. But the peculiarity of the Hungaria❑ cause
is this, thatit invites the sympathy and support of partisans
of the most various shades of political opinions, of the
moderate and rational Conservative no less than of the con-
stitutional Radical. The lover of religious freedom and
the lover of commercial freedom are equally interested
in the triumph of the Hungarians.
It was well shown at the Marylebone meeting that
every step which Russia makes westward has the effect
of closing to British industry a previously-existing
market, or of preventing a fresh ono from being opened ;
that, consequently, so much bread is taken out of the
mouth of the British artizan, or prevented from being
put into it. That Austria, as at present constituted,
is not a barrier against the territorial aggrandizement
of Russia, is evident. As Colonel Thompson very per-
tinently observed, the guardian (!) of European civilisa-
tion has opened the door and let the robber in. That
the success of the Hungarians would at once open to us
a market hardly inferior to that of Russia, and capable
of indefinite extension, we have already indicated; and
we may at some future time treat this question more in
detail.

To the determined persecution of religious freedom by
' the House of Hapsburg, and the assertion of this great
principle by the Hungarians, all history bears record.
With regard to what is now passing, Lord Dudley
Stuart stated the fact that in the present Hungarian
Government, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Csanad, the
distinguised historian Horvath, is Minister for Eccle-
siastical Affairs; but that the Secretary in that de-
partment is a Protestant, Professor Szlisz, a distin-
guished member of the Protestant College of Enyed,
—a college which is still in the receipt of English
funds, contributed at a time when the sympathies of
English Protestants for the cause of religious freedom
on the Continent were something more substantial than
a name. In the other departments of the Ministry are
members of the Catholic arid Greek Churches, and of
various Protestant confessions. The civil disabilities
under which the Jews in Hungary, as elsewhere, la-
boured, have also been unreservedly removed.
What may be expected if Hungary should lose its
independence, and be reduced to the condition of an
Austrian or Russian province, is shown by a speech of
General Benedek, commander of a division of the Aus-
trian army, to the municipal authorities of the town of
Rosenau, in the month of April last. General Benedek
is himself a Protestant and a Hungarian, and therefore
his speech must be looked upon, not as the expression of
his private opinions, but as conveying the deliberate
sentiments of the Austrian Government. He said—
" This rebellion is a Protestant rebellion ; it will never
he put down till the Protestants are put down. Till
the end of the war, it will be necessary to keep under a
strict surveillance of the police every Protestant clergy-
man and Protestant professor." Although this speech
is a sufficient exponent of the intentions of the Austrian
Government, yet it is only partially true. The national
cause is not solely or exclusively Protestant. To the
names of the many victims of Austrian tyranny must
be added that of the truly apostulical and liberal-
minded Catholic Archbishop of Erlau, Lonovics, who has
been thrown into prison for the crime of having drawn'
up the representation of the Catholic Bishops to Icing
Ferdinand; a representation presented by the Arch-
bishop of Gran, the Primate of Hungary, in conjunction
with Lonovics himself. This document, which suf-
ficiently expresses the views of the Catholic clergy with
regard to the national struggle, is to be found in the Ap-
pendix to Count Teleki's "Case of Hungary Stated."
That every Liberal should warmly sympathise with the
Hungarians is but natural. No nation has given such
an example of a privileged class having voluntarily re-
nouncel its exclusive privileges, and having raised the
unprivileged to a perfect equality with itself for the
benefit of their common country. No nation has been a
more consistent advocate of civil, religious, and commercial
freedom. But above all, the sympathies of the moderate
and far-sighted Conservative ought to be enlisted on
their behalf. The Hungarians are pre-eminently, above
all other Continental nations, the sticklers fur precedent
and for the letter of the law. Indeed, the reproach that
has been urged against them with the greatest semblance
of justice, is that they are not revolutionary enough for
the present age. Perczel urged in the Diet that the
Hungarian regiments serving in Italy should be recalled.
The policy of his motion was admitted; its constitutional
legality was doubted; and owing to legal scruples, Hun-
gary herself strengthened the hands of her enemies.
Similarly, it was long before the Hungarian Government,
although warned by bitter experience, could resolve to
persue the fugitive Jellachich over the Austrian frontier,
without being first invited by some legally-constituted
Austrian authority.
Tho ameliorations effected itt the Hungarian Consti-
tution by the National party were not brought about by
revolutionary measures; they were not the result of an
emeute, however justifiable an emuete may be in some
csses; but they were carried out by legal means upon
the broadly-trodden and clearly-defined path of Parlia-
mentary Reform. Nor were these ameliorations effected
in consequence of a sudden impulse inspired by the events
of France. The February Revolution of Paris un-
doubtedly strengthened the hands of the Hungarians
by the terror which it caused to Metternich and his
satellites. But the measures of Reform themselves
were nothing mare than the legitimate development of
the spirit of the Hungarian Constitution, carried out by
means in strict accordance with measures which had
been urged upon the Government by the National party
since 1832, and of which Mr, Paget thus speaks:—

" Th 3 favourite objects of their desires were—after
strengtheniatz the nationality of flentfary—freedera of
, f ;7aprov,-moli, of iezeielal
communication ; increased freedom and education of the
p;=asautry ; the repeal of laws preventing the free pur-
chase and sale of landed property ; perfect equality of
all religions, and the freedom of the press. For the
greater part of these objects they are still struggliu.g."—
Paget's Hungary and Transylvania, Vol. 1. p. 162.
This was written ten years ago. duch had been
effected, spite of Government intrigues, subsequently to
that period, and previously to the Diet of 1847 48. In
that Diet many of the most important internal reforms
had passed not merely the Lower, but the upper House,
before Feb. 1848. These reforms, together with others
conceived in the same spirit, obtained the sanction of
the then legitimate Monarch of the country. Nor was
the nature of these reforms more truly conservative than
the manner in which they were effected. Where vested
interests were found to be incompatible with the welfare
of the State, the holders of such vested interests were
indemnified for their surrender; and the electoral quali-
fication of property and intelligence, which was substi-
tuted for that of birth, preserved a just mean between
too wide and too narrow a suffrage. An inc .me of 10/.
in towns, a property equivalent to 30/. in the country,
is very different from what such a qualification would
be here; when we consider that in Hungary meat is
three-halfpence a pound, and wheat fifteen shillings a
quarter.

..~, . ~~

Dant

- In Hungary we do not find one faction struggling
against another, democracy against aristocracy, poverty
against wealth. The whole nation has risen as one man
in defence of its Constitution against revolutionary des-
potism, in defence of its independence against foreign
invasion. The newly enfranchised peasantry are not
less ardent in the national cause than those who, before
the reforms, were exelusively in possession of the full
rights of citizenship. The really independent and un-
embarrassed magnates, the peers of Hungary, are found
aiding the same cause with their arm, their purse, or
their counsel. One Batthyany is expiating his attach•
ment to his country in the dungeons of Laibach; another
takes the department of foreign affairs in Kossuth's
Ministry. A Karolyi raises a regiment of hussars at his
own expense; and a Teleki, of the noblest and wealthiest
house in Transylvania, is actively employed in the diplo•
matic service of his country, But above all, the country
gentlemen of ancient lineage are found where they ought
to be found in such a crisis. We observe that Marzi-
banyi, the wealthiest untitled noble of Hungary, has
just been sentenced by Haynau to a fine of 2,0001. for
his patriotism. It is from this class, indeed, that the
Men who so ably fill the various posts in the present
Government are principa.ly taken—men well acquainted
with the routine or administration, who are qualified fer
the stations they hold at present by the experience of
years as magistrates in their respective counties, and as
members of the National Diet.

If the Hungarians and the Hungarian Constitution be
crushed, what defenders of legality and rational civil
self-government will be left in Central and Eastern
Europe? The tendencies of the military despoti,m which
is at present predominant, are no less levelling than those
of the most unbridled ochlocracy; no less opposed to all
free action of individuals or of corporations. But how
long can this military despotism last? It can only be
supported by numerous armies of soldiers, and hardly
less numerous armies of paid civil functionaries. In
proportion as the number of unproductive consumers in-
creases, so do not merely the numbers but the energies
of the producers diminish ; as the burdens become
heavier, the capacity of bearing them becomes less.
This state of things leads to a national
bankruptcy (a consummation from which Aus-
tria is not far distant for the third time
within the last forty years); to the most frightful social
c,,nvulsions; to a war of Proletaires against those who
still possess property; and to a scene of universal dis-
order, of which no man can tell the end. The people of
most continental countries have lost the habits and tra-
ditions of self-government, together with their chartered
liberties; the Hungarians have maintained these habits
and their prescriptive rights through good and evil
times. In their defence they have poured out their
blood like water, not meri ly now, but in bygone ages.
One Hungarian generation has handed down to another
the torch of constitutional liberty, for the benefit not
merely of themselves, but of the a hole world. Such a
nation the real Conservative must wish to see, not simply
saved from annihilation, but taking a prominent part in
the affairs of the Continent; as a model of rational Go-
vernment and a guarantee for the maintenance of order
and security in the east of Europe.