The Sun.
London, England, 1809-07-26 00:00:00

DISCOI'BRIES 4IvD 1.11PR0KE,%.E.::a7.

The difficulty.or procuring .fibres .Sufficiiintly
And elastic for micrometers, has induced a get tletnai
to use the spiders' vstb,
opaque, and elastic, as to at to all the Purposc:of
of lisaelical astronomy., But ~Ss it. is only the
stretcher, or_ long.litlel,which supports, ehe
possesses these yaloa6le properties, the dilEtuAY of
procuring it has corhpelled Many opticians and prac-
tical astronomers to einproy the raw fibres of nn-
wrought s;lk, or what is. still
.worse the coarse ,i 1 er
,wiry manufaCtUred in this country. For these a suti;-'
Stitute has been obtained, in'a delicat glass 'fibre,
which enables the opserverko remove the er;-or of in-
gedion,, while it possesses the requisite pro2erties of
opacity and elasticity.
Mr. Spencer Smith has lately introduced that
valuable
.planf,, Smyrna madder; into this ccr:intry.
Mr. Smith fOrnished the Society •of Arts with some
seed, from which Mr. Silisbury, of the Botanic Gar-
den; SlOane-street, has raised plants that have grown
in the most surprising manner. He experts to ob-
tain seed from them, and there is every reason to
hope t hat. this useful dye-root, will becOme naturalized
in our soil.

M. Doulergerais, optir.i4n to Bunnapvate, has pro'
dueed a ponderous flint of glass., intended for the
thanufaelure of achromatic glasses, in which he has
Attained ,n degree. of perfection equal. -to those of
English Manufaature. The glass made by him is
heavier
.th4n flint glass: its specific gravity being
3588, while the heaviest flint glass being only
33tj.

Lieutehant-Colonel Lindsay, of Grove House,
Edgware, has obtained a patent for a telegtaph, or
apparatus, which conveys Intelligence with as much
facility by night as by day.

Thdugh tntich has been said of the atrocities of the
French armies in the countries of which they have
had a temporary occupation, the detail of their Coo-
duet would excite the utmost degree of, horror, and
almost exceed belief, notwitlistanding All that is
knoWti of their depravity. The excesses they cot-ft.:.
thitted in Portugal were, if poSsible, particularly
flagitious, Their behaviour at Oporto, of Which,
we have seen ah•atithenticiecital, may be fairly con-
iidered as a sample of theirconduCt in general. Iri
One house they deprived the master of ,all his pro-
perty, and afterwards murdered him and his servant
in 'told blood, hilt not. before they had committed
the most enormous outrages on his three daughters:
In another house a girl, of ten, years Of age.,wai the '
victim of the horrible violence of a gang of iheed
'Villains,' "but the circumstances are too shocking, to
be related. An old Lady, .Wbri bad, hot been able
to leave her house, could not in age and infirmity
find a proteatiop,against the. capricious liceritibUSness
of anothet herd of ruffians.: The chief part Of the
females deserted the city, and did not date to re-
turn till they heard the Freud) were driven away,—
Many Ladies, who never had_walked a liutidred
yards in their lives at once, sought a refuge in the
woods from the wanton violence that assailed,thetn,
v%'ithout shoes and stockings, and were lamentable
spectacles when they durst venture horhe. The
monsters tied the poor Portuguese back to bac4, and
liting them on the trees by the road side. Even
little children were not spared, but were, in bar-
barous sport, scratched and scored by their baionets.
Men were Stripped naked in the open streets, and de-
prived of their cloaths, yet 'were happy if they were
permitted to escape with no worse a fate.—ln short,
' the town' was given up to • plunder for three days;
and the miscreants made Use of their power without
any restraint of humanity. The wreck of
ture which they could not remove 'would have pre
sented a pitiable scene of devastation, if the minds
of the unfortudate inhabitants had not been occupied
by terror and despair. At -one house the ruffians
loaded themselves with copper, at another with
silver, and another with gold, and where nothing
mbre valuable could be found, they took bethlinen,
curtains, and indeed every thing that came within
their reach, destroying whatever they Were- unable
to remove, as if to leave the most dreadful impres-
sion, and which may serve as a tremendous lesson.
to teach the people courage to defend their country
on • all Auture occasions, partitularly against the'
French':

An article from Ayr, of July 20, says, we have
waited for some time in expeelation of hearing of
some tremendous concussion of the terraqueous globe;
but the immediate scene of the disaster may have been
so distant,as to cause the lapse of some weeksbefore the
intelligence can reach us. Tuesday the 11th curt. was.
a fine day; the atmosphere betrayed no symptonrof
commotion ; not a drop or "rain fell, yet a noise. re-
sembling that of thunder was heard, at the same in-
stant, on the western shore of Carrick, and in the in-
terior of the island.. By some it was compared to the-.
firing of two or three pieces of cannon in rapid suc-
cession. To others it seemed the rattling of many
chariots, and the falling of houses or other buildings,
insomuch that the labourer, for a moment, suspended
his toil, and looked towards the nearest edifice, to as-
certain whether it was still standing, or battened to
an eminence, to behold the expeaed cavalcade of
carriages, but no object met his view either to reali.ze
his fear, or gratify his curiosity. There was no
tremor of the ground perceptible by human sensa-
tion, but the brute creation perceived it ; for horses
and cows, while at feed with the utmost composure,
were seized with a sudden startling, not to be ac-
counted for by the annoyance of insects or any similar
cause, and ran with marks of the greatest consterna-
tion 'frem one end of the field-to another. In short,
from every account we have been able to obtain re-
speeting this singular phenomenon, we are led to
conclude, that it was occasioned by the extreme
vibration, the dying away of an earthquake.
Wednesday last, Dorchester Annual Wool Fair
was held, which was well attended. Nearly 300
growers and buyers sat down to an excellent calla-
tion in Mr. Davy's large. barn, Earl Macclesfield in
the Chair. After the cloth was removed, the Earl
addressed the company on the state of the wool
markets, and on the prosped of the gre t acivantog,.:3
likely to accrue from this establistirwat. Maiiv
constitutional and other toasts were thank. Tne
company then adjourned to another barn of Mr. D
vv 's when the sale commenced; a considerable
quantity was sold at prices somewhat lower than last
year. Leicester, 38s. per tad, and upwards.--33.-K•-
shire, from 355. to 405.--South Down, fret) 31. 3s.
to 31. 108.

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t.7.13:iGtf..•,-111.2. OF ASSEX, V. THE ,HON. ,AND REV..
' . - ILII A Al C A4' EL. • .

FOX 14UN'l 4NG.

This as' a couse tvlutir c xcited a considerable de-
gree of in4rtst, arld there ww; scar-rely asGantleman
maily . n,ifes toutid, viho did riot attend
for the purpose of hearing it.
_ _ • _ _

Mr. geTrieant SttErf(Kiin addressed the Jury on the
part of the Plaintiff, in' a •utost: able and • eloquent
speeeha4He lamented that the Jury shouldbe called
upon to decide ,a onestirn cif .titiS nature, between
tWra: persons who stood in so near:a degree of rela-
tionship to ekti other but inastnuch as the Earl of
Essex was under the necessity of bringing this
action, for the, purpose of
,protecting hinisell in the
enjoyment of:his property-; and as Mr. Cape! had -
sloud,torvvardas the manager and principal person of
the Berkeley Hunt, he lead reudeted it absolutely
necessary that he should he the first person attacked
by• the. Earl of Essex..., The =complaint was, that
tln. Defendant had committed altrespass in breaking
and entering' his. grounds, called-Cashitkury Park,
and with horses and hounds destroying the grass and
herbage, and breaking' down his fences. The De-
fendant justified himself this Way,--he said that he
had started a. fox on ground, which was not
the property of the Earl of-Essex,- and that the fox
bring a noxious animal; and liable to:do:mischief,
fie, for the•ptirpose of killing and destroying him,
and as the Most effeCtual means of doing so, broke
and entered the Park with hounds and horses, and
hunted the fox. The answer of the Earl of Essek
to this was; that the Defendant's object was not to
destroy the fox, and' that if it was so, hunting was
,not the most er!e&nal means of killing the animal.;
but that, on the contrary, his motive was the amuse-
ment and diversion afforded by the chace. The
Learned Scrjeant observed, that the objea 'professed
by the Defendant in his:plea was perfettly ridiculous
and absurd ; he would have it supposed; that him-
sell and the
.G.entlrnen 'comnposing the Berkeley
Bumt, had associated theinselvea, not tor their
•
athusement and)diversion. but for the pure..patriotic
desire of destroying theSe tIQXIOUS animals. The
Ilt-tentlant kvOnid . have the Jury believe, that cler-
omen were descending fi;om -their.pUlpits, bankers
negleeang their counting-houses, breWers running
away from their breweries, and all flocking from.
*Landon. tor.no other purpose than to edifier-the ob-
ligation on the people of Herts, of freeing the.coun-
-
tfy from boxiou,s vermin. SO far from it being their
objet t'o destroy foxes, he rather thought if. they
avere' to start a fox, and 'some man happening to
have a Atm in his hand, was to fall iii with their
patriotic Motive, And was'ta shoot tie fox, he would
meet with 'but lenten entertainment. In fatt„ every
one knew t'!at their objea was the diversion of the
e!.at c, arid they did not care three farthings whe-
tht.r !!,.t lox Was killed or not, except for the triumph.
of hi, brush. The objeclof looting them out of the
count ,y (tor every man knew they wished to increase
them) in order to hae the pleasure of running them
to death
,; but to put it beyond: all doubt.in this
case, lit' sha::Ll prove, that Lord Essex, as one .of
the ploprietors ~f land, had employed a man to take
the most etiec:ual mode of kiltiM, loxes, which as
b.f• catching them 11-1 a trap, or shooting them with
a gun : these two modeslllr. Capel did not like, and
he spoke to the man upon the subjea,but the man
w..s steady, and he.went on 'shooting:wherever his.
bdllets would reach-, and killing wherever his_traps
would take. Mr. Capel then said; "I do :not ask
you nut to destroy the foxes', but I will tell you what,
I i send you a-barrel of ale to drink success to; the
Berkeley Hunt." Now, when a man said to ano-
ther, "I du not ask you to do a •particular thing,"
it was generally the most eiressive way of indicat-
ing a wish have it done. It pin him in mind of
a story at a Quaker, w,ts being on board of. a ship
—a merchant ship—the 'tai--iaster observed to him,
there was a 'French row -haat a'riidg_tow•ards them,
no doubt with a design to board them ; hut, 'added
tna3ter, with an appropriate-oathr two, "
trio the fellow down." The,quaker said, "Oh
surely 'you won't do
.such a wicked thing as tode-
strov so many poor people'slives."—" Yes, but I
, exclaimed the master.—" I would not for
the world," replied the Quaker, " but I will tell.
thee what,, friend, if I was inclined to do stich
thing,' I- would starboard try helm." The master.
did starboard the helm, and the boat was run down.
'1 he Learned Serie-ant repeated, that the object of
the Defendant and the Gentlemen of the Bet keley
Club was to preserve foxes, in order to hunt them—,
very like raising 'the de it for- the purpose of laying
him. Alter some other.. general observations, he
concludtid, by expressing' his perfect confidence,
that the Verdi& of the Jury Would prevent a rePetis
,tion of the injury.
Two witne,ses, ore of the-natne of 11-ichatd
Pugh, his Lordship's Bati;fl-", and Lim Hollinshead,
his Lordship's Game-teeper, clearly pored the fails
at the case:; and-- the last wittiess distinctly stated,
that he had been aslced, by the Defendant, Mr.
Cape!,, not to destroy foxes.,

'Lord ELLBNltonovon interrupted the -further pro-
gress of the cause, observing that it was aconten-;
noti ,a4ainst all nature and conviaion. .COnld it be
stujipOsed that Gentlemen, [turned for the put=pose of
kill; g vermin, and-not tor their d'i'version Could
the Jury be desired to sap, upon their na.ihs, that
the Detendant_ was at by any other motive
than ,a desire to enjoy the pleasures of the clkace_?;
. lie had wished to suffer the cause to go to a. certain
_extent before he expressed hiS opinion upon the sub-
jed. • Even if the clogs Wereiliowed to run, was
there any pretence _for saying that where the dogs
did 'not go, -any person could ride and break the
fences ? Tile Defendant said that be had :not com-
mitted the trespass tot the sake of the diversion of
tr e chace, but as the only effeEtual way of killing
and'clestroying the fOx; Now, could' any man of
common sense hesitate in saying that the principal
motive was not the killing vermin, but the sport—
it as a „sport the law of the land would not justify',
and there should not be a, new law of the land ac-
commodated to the pleasures and amusements of
Geutlertien: I'he pleasures of the chace might
be,aken when there wus the consent- of others who
• were injured by the.•ru but they must be subser-
Viei.l t. such cutisent, There might be such