The Sun.
London, England, 1849-12-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 26, 1849.

COURT CIRCULAR.
WINDSOR, DAY.
The Queen and Prince All ert. walked this morning
in thy Slopes i ad Windi.or
The Royal Rimily took their accustomed airings.
llt r Allijesty and his Royal Highness Prince
All rt, her Rol Highness the Prins:L:2s Royal, the
Lidi:-s and gentlemen of the Cemrt, and he d,tnesCe
hou,ehold, attended Divine seivice this mornio2- in
the private chapel. The lion. and Rev. G. We-llesley

The royal dinner party this evening included her
Llovr.l Highness the Duchess of Kent (attended by
highness's Ladies in Waiting), the
D,_Gvager Lady and Hon. Miss Lyttelton, Colonel
[inn. C. B. and Mrs. Phipps, and Colonel Hon.
ir,i,rlf?F. :net Mrs. Grz-y.
Lord Eilinsiw.o has relieved the Earl of M..rley

in elute as Lord in Waiting to the Queen, and
Colonel Be: keley li7ummonii has relieved Mr. Ormsby
Gore in his duty as Groom in Wai!ing to her Majesty.

SPORTING- INTELLIGENCE.
HUNTING APPOIN PMENTS.
Mr. Powell's Thurs., Llandowrer-10.
E:hor Quilt Ida . Fri., Cefn Gaffrevi-1 1.
Tivyside lids., Thurs., Glaspant House-10.
Llunelly lids., Fri., Pembrey House-10.
Lord Lon,dale's harry., Wed., Botlow; Sat., Wendover
Turnpike-12.
E,mont harrs., Wed., Oushy;- Sat., New Kennel.
West Norfolk harts., Wed., Curle House; Fri., Great
Massingham (a deer)— 1 1.
la. hds., Wed., Holton Stone Pits; Sat.,
Lambe: t Arms.
Mr. Treliavny's lids., Wed., Harford Bridge; Sat.,
Toldr M: or Gate-10-.
Mr. Fellowes's hds., Wed., Rawstone Moor-101.
ilurworth hds., Wed., Girsby Scar; Sat., Early Rook.
Captain Lewis's harts., Wed., Brawith; Sat., Win-
ton-11.
Berwickshire hds., Wed., Polworth ; Sat., Lc:Jo:fur
Illticer— 10/.
Mr. -Okeover's harry., Wed., Alstonfield ; Se.,
'Naterhouses.
Norfolk stag hds., Wed., Coltishall-bridge-1 1/.
East Norfolk harm, Fri., Walcott—l 1.
Harrogate harry., Wed., Howe Qiarry ; Fri.. Iron-
gate- bridge— 1 01.
Col. Wyndham's hds.. Wed., Petworth-park Monu-
ment ; Fri., Fitzhall-1 If.
Vine hds., Wed., West Heath ; Thurs., Marydown
Park ; Sat, The Vine-11.
N. F. II , Thurs., Breamore; Sat., Noyles Court-101.
Mr. Napper's lads., Wed. Plaistow ; Sat., Leigh
Farm-101.
Mr. Lushington's lids., Wed., Torrey-hill Lodge ;
Fri.. Syndule-1 1.
Hursby lids., Thurs., Farley Mount-101
11. 11. hds., W«l., Bramdean Common-12. Thurs.,
Chdton Old House; Sat., Cole:m.l.e Church-104.
Hambiedon hds.,Mon., Broadhalfpenny Down; Wed.,
Wickham Gate; Fri., Marwell Hall—lei.
Essex Union hds., Wed., Purleigh Wash; Sat.,
Huckley Bull-10i.
Lord Eleho's hds., Wed., Fclkington; Fri., Effing-
ham; Sat., Ford Bridge-101.
Craven Ms., Wed., Bedwin Brail; Fri., White Hill;
Sat., Woolley Down-101.
Sou:h Berkshire hds., Wed., Basildon Paik; Sat.
Hare hatch-101.
Sir John Cope's hdf., Wed., Greywell Hill; Fri.,
Bearwood Lodge.

LITERATURE.

EXCURSIONS IN- SOUTHERN AFRICA.

By Licntenairt Colonel E. Elers Napier. 2 Vols.
This is the first book of its kind we have seen
from the new establishment of Mr. Slio'erl, and
the nano of the author, the interest of the subject, the
excellence of the " getting up," and the number and
excellence gf the illustrations, render it a happy
specimen. Perhaps the most interesting portion of
Colonel Napier's narrative is the history of the Cape
Colony, and the account of the native tribes, from the
first discovery of the " Cape of Storms," by the
Portuguese in 1487, and its first colon'zstion by
the Dutch some two centuries afterwards. The
various vicissitudes of the history of the Cape of Good
Hope are here related to us, and the narration is full
of interest. To many readers, ourselves among the
number, the most attractive chapters are those which
describe the peculiarities of the Kafirs, Hottentots, and
other native tribes ; at the same, time we hardly agree
with till Colonel 'Napier's opinions regarding these
poor wretches who, uncivilized as they are, are human
beings, and the original possessors of the soil ; but
might is right with conquerors, and original
habitants are generally regarded in theligh t of intruders
and trespassers. The genuine name: of the Hottentots,
it appears, is " Quaiqux," and the term Hottentot has
been bestowed upon them (according to some persons)
"from the peculiar idiom of their language, which is
much broken, full of monosyllables uttered with
strong aspirations from the chest, and a guttural arti-
culation, equally disagreeable to listen to as it is
difficult to acquire. It is as if one beard nothing
from them but hot and tot. So it is not without,,reason
that it has been said; of them, that they cluck like
turkeys." The illustrations scattered throughout
these volumes represent " natives" and " native"
scenes, in addition to a beautiful view of Cape Town,
and portraits of the late Sir Benjamin D'Ux ban, the
" benefactor of the Cape Colony," where it appears he
was surnamed " the great and good ;" and Sir Harry
Smith Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the. Cape
of Good Hope, from whose energy and decision of '
character Colonel Napier anticipates that the colony I
will he governed " in quietness and peace, under the ;
same judicious system—so injudiciously discarded—
which was established in 1835, by Sir Benjamin
D'Urban." Colonel Napier's readers must not expect
to find all his descriptions couleur de rose, on the
the • contrary, the evil doings and short-comings,
real or supposed; missionaries, governors, and others,
are treated with little mercy.

These volumes, apart from their individual merits,
are rendered especially attractive from the fact of the
!leiDg en:ibleti to say in hiS preface to a later
editioe—"'lle twofold aim of the present work was
pointed out by me luar'y hay a century ago 1:z the
Preface to the first cdition. In my esghtieih
3 ear," proceeds Baron Humboldt, "I am still enabled
to enjoy the satisfaction of completing a third edition
of my work, remoulding it viptirely afresh to meet
the requirements of the present time.. Almost all the
ecientitic Elucidations or Annotations have been
either enlarged or replaced by new and more compre-
hensive ones. I have hoped that these volumes might
tend to inspire and cherish a love for the study of
Nature, by bringing together iu a small space the
results of careful observation on the most varied sub-
jects, by showing the importance of r xzet numerical
data, and the teic to be made of them by well con-
sidtzad arrangement and comparison ; and by
opposing the dogmatic half-knowledge and
arrogant scepticism which Lava long too much
prevailed in what are called the higher
circles of society." To effect these desirable objects
these volumes are eminently well qualified. The
subjects more especially treated on are " Steppes and
Deserts," in which the plains and prairies of South
Aenrica are made the subject of comparison with the
plains and deserts of Africa; the " Cataracts of the
Orinoco;" the "Nocturnal Life of Animals in the
Primeval Forests ;" "Physiognomy of Plants ;"
" The Structure and Mode of Action of Volcanos in
different parts of the Globe ;" "The Vital Force, or
Rhodian Genius;" "The Plateau of Caxamarca, the
ancient Capital of the Inca Atahuallpa, and the First
View of the Pacific Ocean from the crest of the
Andes." This bare enumeration does no justice to
the very interesting manner in which Baren Hum-
boldt has described the various peculiarities of these
"different lands and different climates." Under all
aspects Nature is charming, and amply repays the
student of hew laws and the observer of her beauties,
and these " Aspects of Nature" are only another cor-
roboration of the well-known truth.

RUINS OF MANY LAND& A Descriptive
Poem. By Nicholas Michell. Second Edition.
Having noticed this work on its first appearance, it
is unnecessary now for us to do more than congratu-
late Mr. Michell on the success of (we believe) his
first attempt in poetry. The subject chosen is a very
felicitous one. " The matter-of-fact man," says the
preface, "prefers enjoying the present and speculating
on the future to looking back on the past; his motto
is 'Progress ! ' and his cry Forward ! ' To a certain
extent (very truthfully observes Mr. Michell) he
acts wisely ; but we submit that this principle may
be carrLd too far. Experience is the daughter of
Time ; and the knowledge of what our ancestors
achieved, both in a physical and moral sense, cannot
but be productive of good ; while a study of the
beautiful in art, whether it be apparent in a
statue or an ivy-covered ruin, elevates the sentiments
and refines the taste." To obliterate the past from
our recollection would be almost like annihilating
our appreciation of the beautiful. Poetry is not wholly
devoid of the Pleasures of Hope, nor deficient in the
life•giving energ►y of the present hour (vide Long-
fellow) ; but the past is more especially the epoch
sacred to thought and romance. Hence the subjects
touched upon in this volume—Babylon, Egypt,
Athens, Corinth, Marathon, Troy, Pompeii, Car-
thage, tombs of Abraham and Rachel, Jerusalem,
cunt multis aliis —w culd almost render it attractive,
independently of the beautiful verses of Mr. Michell,
which in many instances (and that is pronouncing no
mean commendation) do full justice to their theme.
Among other episodes, all .more or lea happily in-
troduced, the gloomy thoughts which may reasonably
be supposed to have haunted the close of Pilate's life,
are beautifully alluded to.

(dowager) of Pembroke, the Counkss of Dunmore
and farni],y, the Earl and Countess of Cl In &c.
have met.

The Right lion. Sir 11.9bert and Lay Peel are
ent•rtaining a select party at Drayton Manor,
StafThrdshire.

The Right Hon. Sir Francis an: Lady Arab,ila
?3ari❑g are receiving a succession of vi:itors ut
Stratton•paik, nf,ar Winchester.

The Right Hon. :Sir Charles and L•Aly Mary
Wood have a select party staying at Hickleton Hall,
Yorkshire.

THE WELSH CHURCH.
LETTER VII.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sift,—The provision made by Itrout WelJunen in
ancient time.-, ;or the competent rnhintenince through-
out all generations of learned and pious spiritual
pastors in the Principality, has long been chit fly
engrossed by unsympathising aliens, while all the
toilsome and onerous duties of the pastor .1 office have
been devolved upon the native clergy. It is a natural
consequence of such a state of things, that men of
genius and scholars, patriots and saints, who might
have shed lustre upon the sullied mitres of their

country, should, on the contrary, reject with scorn
the vestments of her degraded priesthood. Many
such men have become illustrious leaders of Dissenting
hosts ; and, alas ! many more, depressed by poverty
and saddened by the sight of the land they loved, and
in which they could not live, have gone forth into
voluntary exile. Among the latter, without research
or premeditation, two striking instances present
themselves to my memory.
One of them ie. the late Rev. William Howells, of
Long acre Chapel, who was born at Llwyn Helyg,
near Cowbridge, Glamorganshire, in 1778, and died
in London in 1832. Pious from childhood, and
zealous by temperament, he earnestly devoted all his
powers, both of soul and body, to the fulfilment of his
duties as a Welsh curate in the parish of Llangan,
&c. He found the neighbouring parishes grossly
neglected by their respective ministers, who were
wholly ignorant of the only language in which the
people were capable of receiving instruction; but he
preached, and taught, and laboured among them for
many years, with a simplicity of purpose worthy of
the Apostolic age. At last the incumbent who em-
ployed him died, and with eager hope he applied for
the living. His long course of service in patient
penury, his piety, his extraordinary talents, his popu-
lar influence, all were disregarded, and the prefer-
ment wps given to another. Deeply wounded by this
enforced separation from a congregation most dear to
his affections, Mr. Howells soon afterwards left his
native Wales altogether, and entered upon clerical
duties in the metropolis, where he continued inces-
santly to toil with self-denying devotion for a period of
21 years. His thorough integrity, his fine intellect, and
his Celtic warmth of heart, procured him many friends;
but having gone to London as a lonely stranger, he
continued to live there almost a hermit in the crowd;
and some particulars are related of his last hours
which bear most touching testimony to the fond life-
long regret of a Cambrian exile. Instead of requiring
society, as the dying commonly do, he desired to be
left as much alone as possible. Commenting to him-
self upon the text, " In my Father's house are many
mansions," &0., he remarked, " Yes, our Lord says,
you have been an outdoor servant long enough, I
will now make you an indoor servant, and take you
out of the wind and rain, to give you a glorified body,
and better wages, and a better mansion " (vide his
Memoir, p. 154). A great part of the last night of
his life, in mean London lodgings, was spent in
prayer in his long-disused but ever-dear native tongue.
The other instance is Goronw ()wain,: A.M., one
of the greatest of modern Welsh poets. He was a
peasant's son, born at Mathafarn Eithaf, in Mona.
The late eminent Cambrian antiquary and poet, Mr.
Lewis Morris, perceiving the bey's wonderi'ul abili-
ties, had him educated at his own expense for the
Church. So miserably, however, did that misgoverned
Church provide for Welshmen, that Goronw Owain
could not even obtain a Welsh curacy sufficient for
the maintenance of his wife and family ; and after
keeping a school, and serving various poor miracles
upon the borders of Cambria for some years, he at
length, in despair, petitioned the Cymrodorian
Society for assistance to pay his own and his family's
passage to America. He went to Williamsburg in
Virginia; and from thence, several years afterwards,
mindful of the claims of gratitude, and full of his
country's love, he forwarded an elegy on the death
of his early benefactor, Mr. Lewis Morris. His works
remain a treasure to his countrymen, but he withered
and died, and was buried far away beyond the
Atlantic.

These are not isolated cases. Wales at this very
instant has true end lofty poets depressed by indi-
gence and toil, and eloquent native preachers driven
forth from the home of their hearts.
I am, Sir, &c., &c.,
GORBONIAN.

WELSH BISHOPS AND THEIR

LANGUAGE.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

dined yesterday (being Christmas-eve)
with a Welsh friend, who naturally descanted proudly
on the new Welsh educational institution at Llando-
very, the first stone of which wis laid by Dr.
Thirlwall, Lord Bishop of St. David's, on the 13th
inst. My frknd lent me a provincial paper which
contained an account of that day's proceedings, and
gives a detailed retort of the Bishop's speech after
laying the stone. .1 send you an extract from it,
which is as follows : .

"We might borrow the language of an ancient philo-
sopher, in which he represented the souls of men as
transmigrating from one body to another, and those who
had best fulfilled the duties of their appointed stations
being raised to a higher state of existence, for I think
we may not improperly say that what we are now wit-
nessing is a kind of scholastic metempscychosis; and by
that, to express myself in more familiar terms, I mean
that what we are now doii:g is not the calling of an
institution into being, but the first step to provide a
permament and material framework for its dwelling.
This is a distinction which I consider it is very im-
portant for us on this °cession to keep steadily in view,
that happily the building which will be erected on this stone
is not are institution itselfi . Such is the condition
of cur earthly existence, and of everything that relates
to it, that our spiritual nature must find a suitable
bodily cri3anizatism in order that it may develop and
expand itself. Such, we trust, this institution will
find in the material tenement which is now preparing
for its ieception."

Now, Sir, I am not a Welshman, but a humble
Cockney, and I certainly profess to understand Eng-
lish, which is my native tongue, better than Welsh,
but I cannot, for the life of me, comprehend what
the above passage means ; will you, or any of your
Welsh readers be so good as to translate it for me
into intelligible English. A great deal has been said
lately of the propriety and necessity of appointing
Welshmen to preside over Welsh dioceses, but if the
thousands of Welsh farmers and peasants, who were
assembled at Llandovery, on the 13th, understand the
meaning of Bishop Thirlwall's speech, the difficulty
of finding a person qualified to preside over a Welsh
diocese will be rendered still greater; for we are
told in one of our Articles of Religion, that " the
word of God shall be preached in a language under-
standed of the people." If the Welsh understand this
language of Bishop Thirlwall's, they aro the wisest
of her Majesty's liege subjects ; and as for myself,
I must remain

Your obedient servant,
IGNORAMUS.

DEATH OF THE ARCHDEACON OF NORFOLK.—The
death of the Venerable Philip Jennings, D.D., Arch-
deacon of Norfolk, has caused deep regret amongst the
c'.o:gy of the diocese of Norwich. The Archdeacon was
presented to his office in 1847 by the late Bishop the
Right Rev. Dr. Stanley, with whom he had long
la en on terms of intimate friendship. For many years
previous to that time Dr. Jennings had been assistant
minister of St. James's Chapel, Westmoreland-street,
Marylcbone, and a few weeks since, on the death of the
R4V. Thomas White, M.A., the minister, the Archdeacon
was presented to the incumbency by the Crown. The
archdesconry, which has become vacant by the death of
the Rev. Dr. Jennings, is held, with the rectory of
Costen, near Wymondharn, and is worth 2401. per an-
num. It is in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich. The
incumbency of St. James's Chapel, which is also ren-
dered vacant, is worth 3401. per annum, and is in the
gift of her Majesty. It has been generally stated in
Norwich that the ♦acant archdeaconry of Norfolk will
be conferred by the Bishop (Dr. Hinds) on the Rev.
Robert Eden, M.A., his Lordship's chaplain, at present
incumbent minister of St. Mary's Church, L.,mbeth-
butts. No official communication, however, has yet
been made on the subject.
MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—On Saturclay last, as
Isaac Roofe, the conductor of Mr. George Chaplin's
omnibus, which runs regularly from the Cups Hotel to
the railway station to meet the trains, was aJjusting
some luggage on the roof of the omnibus as it was going
to the railway, between the Globe Inn end the station,
by some means one of the luggage boxes slipped and
knocked him from the roof to the ground, by which one
of his legs was seriously fractured just below the knee.
He was immediately conveyed to the hospital, where
every attention was paid to his unfortunate case, and it
was found that the fracture was a compound one, and
that the kg had been diseased for a considerable time.
The sufferer is in a fair way of doing well. He is a
man of steady and sober habits, and has been in Mr.
Chaplin's service seven years; his unfortunate case is
greatly commiserated, as he has a wife and three young
children dependent upon him for support. We hear
that it is the intention of some benevolent individuals to
set a subscription on foot for the relief of him and his
family.— Ipswich Express.
Yesterday Chief-Constable liehderson arrested, at
the Commercial Hotel, Mr. John M‘Laughlieg, a young
gentleman most respectably connected in Belfast, who
had lately returned from America, on a warrant signed
by Mr. Justice Coleridge, charging him with having
attempted to extort money from the directors of the
Hudson's Bay Company, by a threat of printing and
' publishing certain statements derogatory to their
' character and conduct.--Belfast Journal,

SPIRIT of the PCBLIC JOURNALS.
ITER ALD.—The requisition for the great metro-
poliLn mcejng to be held in January in the mt-tro-
polls of Ireland, now hem.; the signature of forty
peers ; and every post, says nor correspondent, brings
in letters from the lea ling gentry of the country
favour of protection. The Marquis of Hereford,
who has immense estates in the ncrth of Ireland, in
which division of the isl And there has never been for

the last half-century the least agitation, and in which
tenant-right nearly universally prevails—in which,
moreover, rents are rrolQrate, and manufactures ripe—
the Marquis of Hertford, we say, possessing immense
tracts of land in Antrim and Donegal, has signed the
requisition. Lord Parnhatn, v, hcse estates are also in the

north of Ireland, and whose tenentry at Cavan are
Lot, rind never have been, rack-rented, has also
signed it. Lord Farnham, be it observed, though st
man of a strong bias cn questions concerning Pr otes-
tent and reigiovs principles, is yet an eminently
fair and candid person on all general questions,
and though he likes not either the Government or
their policy, yet, unless he believed in his heart
that their free-trade policy was ruinous, he would not
sign a declaration to that effect. Independently of
this high moral character, no man is better
entitled to judge for himself on a questioe
of this kind. Lord Farnham is a man of a cool
intellect—of a sober judgment—he has a practical
knowledge of agriculture and farming and of the
world generally, for he was bred to the bar, and for
a short time followed that learned profession. The
estates of the Earl of Erne and of Earl O'Neill, who
have both also signed the requisition, are likewise in
the north of Ireland, and than the latter Noble Earl.
who is a lieutenant-general in her Majesty's service,
and who dispenses an elegant hospitality at Shanee
Cestle, Antrim, there is not a more popular personage
in her Majesty's dominions. Nor are these the only sig-
natures. The south is well represented by the very po-
pular son of a bishop—Baron Riversdale, always con-
sidered an Irish peer of Whig tendencies, and who in
private life, whether as the proprietor of Lisnegar or
Clarispoo], secured the esteem of all parties. But
Ludlow Tonson, Baron Riversdale—like a great
many other Whigs whose interests are bound up with
the land—like Lord Cloncurry,—like the Earl of
Meath, a Whig of 57 years' standing—like Lord
Miltown, a Whig-Radical—like Lord Brabazen, a
constitutional Whig—like Viscount Gormans
town, a man of most ancient descent, and
a Roman Catholic Whig—like Baron Ro-
beck, a Whig like Mr. James Grattan,—
and even like that once furious Daniel
O'Connellite, Mr. Henry Grattan—at length sees that
the doom of Ireland is sealed, unless an effort be
now made to save the country. The Whig-Radical
quacks, who touch and tinker at every interest in the
State, have in Ireland effected what no man
believed they could effect. They have wrought
two miracles. Imprimis—They have united men
of all parties and all classes against them. Se-
condly, they have reduced by their measures the
prices of food so miserably low, as to ruin the
producer, while they have also, in their impartial
wickedness and reckless blundering, so beggared the
consumer that he cannot afford to purchase at even the
existing ruinously low prices. Thus, in the midst of
plenty the people are starving—in the midst of cheap-
ness there is dearth. Is not such legislation worthy
of the men who caused holes to be made that
they might be filled up again ?—who cut up roads
for the purpose of rendering them uncarriageable ?
—and who purchased hand-barrows at 11s. 6d,
13s. 61, and 163. each, to sell again at 9d. and ls.,
to pty for the warehouse-rent of keeping them ?
The greasest event, however, since we last wrote
on the Irish question, is nut the additional signatures
to the great Protectionist requisition, though these
are highly important, but the Bandon Protectionist
meeting, a report of a hich we print to-day. Bandon,
we ought to state for the benefit of our English
readers, is an inland town and Parliamentary
borough in Cork county, west riding, on the river
Bandon, 177 miles from Dublin. By many it might
be supposed that the population of the town would
be exclusively, or neat ly agricultural ; but whoever
came to this conclusion would egregiously err.
There are in Bandon manufactories of cotton and
woollen; of fine stuffs, and of leather; there are flour
mills, distilleries, beer breweries, and tanneries, and
a considerable trade is carried on by means of the
river, %Alia is navigable for barges to Innishannon,
four miles from the town. The population comprises
men of all trades and callings, and of all religions,
for there are three parochial churches, a Roman
Catholic chapel, a convent, a Scotch church, a Pres-
byterian, and two Methodist meeting-houses, within
the walls of the place. But though the inhabitants,
for the most part tenants of the Duke of Devonshire
and the Earls of Shannon and Bandon, differ in
everything else, they are agreed to a man as
to the necessity of giving a preference in the
markets of Ireland to the products of the soil, and
they are prepared to return men for the county, city,
and borough, who will give effect to these opinions
and feelings. At the meeting of which we speak were
present Lords Bernard anti Carberry, who have so
lately figured at the Cork meeting—Colonel Chat
terton, so recently returned for the second city of
Ireland—with the Studderts, Westropps, Shuldhams,
and the principal gentry •of .the neighbourhood.
There were, however, two men present on the
occasion, who attracted more attention than the
staunchest among the Conservatives. These were
a gentleman of the name of O'Neill Daunt,
who formerly represented, if we mistake
not, Mallow, as one of the O'Connell tail, and the
Rev. D. 0. Sullivan, parish priest of Kinneigh. Both
these gentlemen were favourable to the object
of the gathering, and Mr. Daunt made a
long speech filled with Protectionist doc-
trines. Did we not say months ago it
would come to this ? Radicals or Whig-Radicals
who have even a half-acre of land to lose must see
the madness of Peel legislation, and any priest
with half a grain of sense, must well know, that
with a Peel tariff and a Peel corn-law, Easter or
any other dues are out of the question. Do the
Irish, however, require anything extraordinary or
unjust ? No ; they merely require that fair protection
from foreign competition which every other nation
affords to its native products against the stranger—
which Russia affords, which Austria affords, which
Prussia effords, which Spain affords, and which
no country insists on more than revolutionized and
republican France. How can the people of Ire
land, saddled with 4,000,0001. of poor-rates—
with rates in Cork county varying from
9s. 2d. to 11s. 7d., and from lls. 7d. to 20s. ld.—
, compete with virgin and untaxed soils, such AI
America ?—or with serf-laboured soils, such as Russia,
Poland, Eithonia, Hungaria, and Transylvania present ?
Mr. Cole stated at the Bandon meeting, that at the
last fair in that town a good cow engaged to calve in
two months was sold for 2/. 7s. 6d.! Before the Peel
tariff and the Peel corn law such an animal would
have sold from 9/. to 121. Such are the results of
what is absurdly called free-trade—by which we have
given freedom and "leave and licence" to other
nations, and have inflicted on our own native industry
fetters and chains.

CIIRONICLE.—The extraordinary accumulation
of bullion in the coffers of the Bank of England, at
the present moment, combined with the reduced rate
of interest and the great advance in the pubic
securities, is a feature well deserving the regard of
those who take any interest in the variations of 'none
tart' affairs. The Bank returns of last Saturday show
a total amount of bu!lion in both departments of no
less than 16.991,261—a sum exceeding the largest
accumulation that has ever taken place in the annals
of that establishment. The nearest approach to the
last week's return is that of June 21st, 1845, when
the bullion returned was 16,638,000/., the Funds
being then at par, and the rate of discount the same
as at present. The intermediate fluctuations have
been immensely great, corresponding to the eventful
changes which have passed over the commercial
and financial circumstances of the country since
the former period. Excitement, speculation, panic,
distress, then gradually reviving confidence, im-
proving trade, and replenished capital—these are
the stages which have marked their succession on the
monetary barometer during the last four years and a
half. The tide of accumulation, after having sub-
sided to its lowest point in the calamitous autumn of
1847, has again reached and even overtopped its
highest level. Moreover, if report speaks truly, the
influx of the precious metals is for some time forward
likely rather to continue than to decrease. We shall
be told, indeed, that the present plethora of capital is a
very equivocal symptom of national prosperity, and
that the cheapness of money in 1849 by no means
denotes that state of general competency and well-
being which accompanied the same phenomena in
1845. It is not our present purpose to re-open the
vexata guestio of commercial policy. The Country
Party at one time would have it that our stock of
bullion must, if the free-trade measures were
persisted in, be inevitably drained out, inas-
much as our increased imports could only be
paid for in specie. Experience has confuted their
assertion ; and they take refuge from the dis-
appointment of their prophecies in some new
theory as to the congestion of the precious metals,
which we confess ourselves unable to comprehend.
But, in comparing our existing monetary position
with that of 1845, we are not concerned to deny the
existence of a partial embarrassment and pressure, at
the present time, among certain classes of the com-
munity, who then formed no exception to the general
well-being. It may be conceded that every great
change of commercial policy produces more or less
of friction in its operation, though, in the present
instance there can be no doubt that the inconve-
niences of the transition state are more justly to he
imputed to the vicious system which has been given
up, than to the sound principles which have
superseded it. But, without pursuing this contro-
versy further, as it would lead us too far from our