The Sun.
London, England, 1849-01-18 00:00:00

VtirlY Ebition

FRANCE.
The Patrie, which is the official journal of the
present French Ministry, publishes the following im-
portant article on the affairs of Italy : - •
"All the powers desire to re-establish the head of the
Church at Rome, and to ensure his independence, ; all
consider it a point of honour to co-operate is the matter.
Portugal and Spain cannot dispose of soldiers, but they
offer money ; Russia and Naples are getting ready. Can
France remain inactive ? Can she, in particnlar, in
presence of Austria ? Austria, it is known, takes care
to have published in the journals in her pay, even in the
Augsburg Gazette, that she is obliged to send reinforce-
ments to the Imperial army on its march to Pesth. And
whilst her journals hold that language she strips Hun-
gary, where matters may be considered now as termi-
nated, and causes numerous regiments to pass hit°
Italy, where they are concentrating themselves on the
frontiers of Piedmont and on the side of the Legations.
She seems to menace at the same time Bologna and
Turin. Radetzky is waiting for orders, and is in a posi-
tion to proceed to either side. In both these cases, has
not France a part to play, a part active and energetic,
not precisely hostile, but, to employ a term lately intro-
duced, a preservative, one ? If it be the cause of the
Pope which Austria pretends to serve, if it be on Bologna
that she is directing her forces, France, the eldest
daughter of the Church, cannot permit that the throne
of the successor of St. Peter should be restored without
her. She will consequently place herself at Civita
Vecchia, and from that point will press with the
weight of her sword on the deliberations of
the powers. Nothing will be effected in spite
of her, or independently of her. If it be only on the
side of Piedmont that the efforts of Austria were di-
rected, there alas it is necessary for Frauce to be pre-
sent, and present in arms. The actual situation of
affairs is well known—Charles Albert, whether be wages
war or does not wage it, is certain to receive anything
but maledictions. If alarmed at the chances of a
struggle evidently disproportioned, he should avoid en-
gaging in war, Lombardy will call for vengeance from
all Italy. Who knows in that case to what extremities the
Piedmontese people may allow itself to be carried, mis-
led, as it is, as to its real interests, fanaticised by revo-
lutionary journals, deaf even to the voice of Gioberti,
already -outstripped by events ? If, on the contrary,
Charles Albert engages in war, it is not nearly certain
that in a very short time, the Austrian army, so nu-
merous, and so strongly organized, will have beaten the
Piedmontese army? Will not Radetzky easily find the way
to Turin ? It being possible that such serious eventuali-
ties may be realised. France ought to be in a situation
to meet them. If the Austrian army should appear to
desire to remain in Turin, the French army would have
its eondact ready traced out for it ; it ought in its turn
to take up a triple position at Chambray, Genoa, and
Nice, and thence call on Austria to withdraw. But it will
be said, if Austria should not comply, a war must follow.
War,perhaps, would follow if Franee was not in a posi-
tion from the present time to cause her will to be respected.
It would not be war if wise precautions were taken.
Austria, who after all, does not want a conquest which
she could not keep as she well knows, would evacuate
Piedmont, declaring that she had: not attacked,
that she had merely defended herself. But as she would
certainly be ofctorious, she would affirm not without
reason that it ie the vanquished who ought to pay the
cost of the war, particularly as it was they who com-
menced it. In order that that cost should not exhaust

Piedmont, already at the end of her resources, it would
be well for France to be there to cause, in a firm manner,
the voice of humanity to be heard. In that case, the
conferences of Brussels, could hare their utility. It is
therefore good policy to prepare at the same time for
war, and tor diplomatic negotiations. As to the ques-
. tion of Lombarday, properly so called, is there any-
thing to expect from these double prfpa,rations? We
me sorry to be obliged to say it, but we do not think 50.%

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, JAN. 12.—The first paragraph of the Fun-
damental Rights, that the whole power of GovOmment
emanates from the people, and will be carried out in
the manner fixed by the Constitution—against which
the Ministers had entered a protest—was thrown out
by a large tnajority upon the amendment of the De-
puty Ullipitsch, in the sitting of the Diet on the 10th.
The amendment was as follows :—" That section 1 of
the fundamental law will be omitted as not apper-
taining hereto, and that it be referred to the Com-
mittee charged with the drawing np of the other
parts of the Constitution. The differences between
the Ministers, and the Diet a', Kremsier, may there-
fore be considered as'-settled, in consequence of the
mutual and satisfactory explanations on both sides.
Prince Wiridischgrati has publicly thanked the
Israelite community of Presburg'for sending a hand-
.: some donation of woollen stockings and other gar-
mients of the same material for the Imperial troops in
f Hungary. The acknowledgment is dated Head-
quarters, Presburg, Jan. 3."
THE ACADEMIC LEGIONS.—The Prague Gazette
contains a decree of the National Pre-ioium to the
Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard, inform-
ing him that, since the bearing of arms is a service
requiring much time and attention, wholly incom-
patible with the studies to which youth must be
devoted, the Ministry has commanded that the
Academic Legions be dissolved, until such time as
the new law for the National Guard service be issued,
in which respect will be had to the wishes of the
students. The decree concludes with a high enco-
mium upon the Prague Academic Legion, both as a
body and individually. When this decree was made
known to the young men they immediately deter-
mined to enter a protest against the dissolution of the
Austrian Academic Legion, :which has hitherto
been considered an integral part of the National
Guard.

ITALY.
The fallowing is the passage in the speech of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany to the Chambers in which
he speaks of the affairs of Italy.
" As respects war, the blood generously shed in Lom-
bardy by the brave Tuscans, so far from discouraging
them, only tends to redouble their ardour. The reasons
for prosecuting the war, besides, still exist, and the dan-
ger is always the same. I cannot accordingly refuse to
concur in the wishes of my people. Our relations with
the Sovereigns and States out of Italy, are not only
pacific but cordial, with the exception, however, of
Austria. We do not in the meantime forget that we
must remain united with the Princes and States of Italy,
like the fingers of the same hand, destined to grasp the
sword of valour and concord, which alone can secure
real liberty to our country. Piedmont has replied to
our remonstrances relative to certain facts that took

place on our frontier, by sending two commissioners
to inquire into them, and promising to grant the satis-
faction due to us. Powerful mediators have interfered
to adjust the trifling difficulties that have arisen between
the Courts of Naples and Tuscany, and which, we hope,
will soon be terminated. At the same time that we de-
plure the interruption of good harmony between the
Sovereign Pontiff and his subjects, which we hope may
so,,n be -re-established, we cannot pursue a policy that
would condemn us to isolation. We will follow that
of the other Italian States, to which it is important
we should strictly adhere, if, as we have reason to
believe, that policy continues to be inspired
with that respect to which the Supreme
Pontiff of the Church, the Chief of the Catholic re-
ligion, is so eminently entitled. Gentlemen, the Con-
stituent Assembly proclaimed in Tuscany must not be a
principle of discord and dissolution, but on the contrary,
one of harmony and strength. Our constitution rejects
no practicable form of organization. It willingly accepts
all that can bring it nearer to the desired term. It ex-
pects to obtain the adhesion of the other parts of Italy,
with which it behoves us to unite in bonds of frater-
nity rather than in bonds of actual confede-
ration. Courage, Honourable Senators and Depu-
ties, the country has lost nothing if we maintain a
firm will, which will increase with events. You are
aware that everything becomes dearer to us rather by
the sacrifice which it costs than by the pleasure which it
procures, The sacrifices demanded by our country are
not such as our courage can fear or such as are
When you conferred on me
above our strength.
the title of Father, I accepted it with joy, for I feel
a truly paternal affection for men whose wishes I
, have always studied, and whom I will study to go-
. vern with love. If my cotemporaries and if
will be if posterity
confirm
the
title of Father of my People,
the most glorious reward to which your Prince ever
aspired. Our ambassador will assist at the Congress of
Brussels. It is the most ardent wish of my soul that
Christian blood may cease to flow, and that peace, so
long desired,may be established throughout the world.
Let US be, however prepared for war. It is thus only
• that we can defend' our existence and our property, and
maintain intact the honour of our country. Cer-
tain people, our brothers by nature, and by
ancient friendship, have spontaneously devoted
themselves to us. I am am happy, Gentlemen, to
remind you of the c ,afidence
they have reposed in us,
and we must consider them as attached to us by indis-
soluble bonds. I cannot disguise from you bow often in
the midst of so many motives of bitterness my heart
finds consolation by reflecting that nations have devoted
themselves to the Tuscans, and I know not whether this
. fact proves more the merit of the Tuscans, or the great
. friendship of the inhabitants of the Appenines, although
• lam convinced that it honours them both in the highest
• degree."

THE POPE and ROMAN ASSEMBLY
The following is the address of the Pope to the
Roman people, threatening with excommunication
all those who take part in the election of members of
the Assembly :
" In this peaceful abode, whither it has pleased Divine
Providence to lead us, in order that we may be en-
abled in all freedom to manifest our senti•
ments and our wh.hes, we wait in hope that
remorse will be felt by our erring children fur the sa-
crilegious and other crimes committed against persons
attached to us, of whom some have been killed, and
others outraged in the most barbarous manner, as well
as for the sacrileges and crimes consummated in our re-
sidence, and even against our own person. And y et we
have, up to the present, received only a barren invita-
tion to return to our capital, without even a word being
uttered in condemnation of the attempts we have re•
ferred to, and without the least guarantee against the
acts of fraud and violence of that inveterate band
whose barbarous despotism still tyrannises over
the State and Church of Rome. We have waited in
the hope that the protests and decrees which we have

issued would recal to their duties as subjects, and as of
the faithful, those who in the very capital or our states
have despised these duties and trampled them under foot.
But, instead of returning, a new and still more mon-
strous act of hypocritical felony and genuine rebellion,
audaciously committed by them, has filled the measure
of our grief, and excited our just indignation, as it will
afflict the universal -church. We speak of that act,
so detestable in all its bearings, by which
it has been pretended to order the convocation of a
soi-disant general National Assembly of the Roman
States by a decreee of the 29th December last, for the
purpose of establshing new political forms in the Pon-
tifical States. Thus heaping iniquity upon iniquity,
the promoters of demagogical anarchy are endeavouring
to destroy the temporal authority of the Roman Pon-
tiff over the domains of the Holy Church, believing,
and seeking at the same time to make it believed,
that his sovereign power is subject to contro-
versy, and depends upon the caprice of factions,
although its rights are so irrefragably founded upon the
most ancient and solid bases, and although they are ac-
knowledged, defended, and venerated by all nations. We
will spare our dignity the humiliation of dwelling upon
all the monstrosity of this abominable act, arising from
the absurdity of its origin, the illegality of its forms,
and the impiety of its object. But it certainly belongs
to the Apostolic authority with which, unworthily, we
are invested, and by the responsibility to
which we are bound by the most sacred oaths taken in
tt.e presence of the Almighty, not only to protest, as we
now do, in the most energetic and efficient manner,
against this act, but, moreover, to denounce it in the face
of the universe as a monstrous and sacrilegious
attempt against our independence and sovereignty—
an aqesupt which merits the chastisement inflicted
by divine and human laws. We are convinced that,
on receiving this audacious appeal you have cast
it far from you with indignation as an insult and a
crime. Nevertheless, that none of you may hereafter
have the pretext of having been deceived by fallacious
seductions, and by artful preachers of subversive doc-
trines, or of having been ignorant of the machinations
of the enemies of all order, of all law, of all right,
of all true liberty, of even your own felicity,
we have this day again raised and exalted our
voice so that you 'may be rendered perfectly as-
sured of that absolute command, by which we forbid
you, whatever may be your ranks or conditions, from
taking any part in the elections of persons to be sent
to the !Assembly which we have condemned. In the
mean time, we remind you that this absolute interdic-
tion is sanctioned by our predecessors and by councils,
especially by the Holy Council of Trent (Sess. xxii.,
c. xi., de Refer.), in Which the Church has repeatedly
fulminated its censures, and particularly that' of the
greater excommunication, as incurred, without the
necessity of any previous declaration, by whomsoever
shall render himself guilty of any attempt whatever
against the temporal authority of the Sovereign Pontiffs
of Rome, as we declare all those have unhappily in-
curred who have contributed (Tutti choloro the hanno
date opera) to the above-mentioned act, and those
which preceded it to the 'detriment of the, same sove-
reignty, or who in any other manner, and under false
pretences, have disturbed, violated, and usurped our au-
thority. But, if we feel ourselves compelled by our
conscientious duties to, preserve and defend the sacred
deposit of the patrimony of the spouse of Jesus Christ,
confided to our care, And to employ the mold of just
severity which God hiniself, our Judge, has given into
our hands to be thus used, we cannot, however, arainy
time forget that w© hold on earth -the 'place of Him
who, in the exercise of His ,justice, never failed to use
mercy. Raising then our 'hands to Heaven, remitting
and recommending to I-lies once more this just cause,
His much more than ours, and declaring that we are
ready, with the aid of His powerful grace, to drink
to the dregs, for the defence and glory of the
Catholic Church, the cap of bitterness which He
himself was willingly the first to taste for the
salvation of His church. We shall never cease tc
' supplicate and conjure Him to deign, in His goodness,
to grant the ardent prayers which we address to bins
day and night for the conversion and salvation of those
who have wandered from the true path. Assuredly no
day can rise which 'will be more joyful to us than that
on which it shall be given to us to see re-entering the
pale of the Lord such of our sons as are now causing us
so
,much tribulation and bitterness. The hope of
soon seeing a day so happy is strengthened in us by the
thought of the universality of the prayers which, joined
to ours, ascend to the Throne of liivine Grace from the
lips and the hearts of all the faithful of the Catholic
world, and who incessantly urge Him to change the
hearts of the sinners, and bring them back into the
paths of truth and justice. Given at Gaeta, this Ist day
of January, in the year of our Lord, 1849.
" PIUS P. P. IX."

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL EN-

GINEERS.

The annual general meeting of this institution was
held on Tuesday evening, January 16th, when the
following gentlemen were chosento form the Council
for the ensuing year :—J. Field, President; W.
Cubitt, J. M. Rendel, J. Simpson, and R. Stephen-
son M.P., Vice-Presidents ; J. F. Bateman, G. P.
Bidder, J. K. Brunel, J. Cubitt, J. Fowler, C. 11.
Gregory, J. Locke, M..P., J. R. M'Clean, . May,
and J. Miller, members; and W. Harding and T.
Piper, Associates of Council.
The report of the Council was read, and from the
statement of its financial position the society appeared
to be governed by men of foresight, who had very
properly restricted the ordinary expenditure within
prudential limits, whilst the pressure of the times was
felt so heavily by all classes. It, however, held out
cheering hopes for the future, for, as it ob-
served, "in a country like Great Britain, whose
distinguishing characteristic is energetic and in-
domitable courage in circumstances of difficulty, it
is not probable that any foreign political excitement
can long continue to exercise a prejudicial effect ; al-
ready the horizon is brightening, and a little reflection
will demonstrate, that in proportion to the injury
arising from the late stagnation, must be the activity
on the resumption of the works.; and it appears to
be acknowledged that the 'foiced economy, which
has been practised' during the past year, has caused
such a necessity for supplies of working stock, and for
the improvement of works, that the engineering pro-
fession must be generally benefited on the return of
Confidence in financial affairs."

Satisfactory reasons were given for the unusual de-
lay in the publication of the Minutes of Proceedings,
and a simple but effective plan was detailed for paying
off the debt incurred for the alterations of the house
of the institution.

Telford Medals were presented to the Right Hon.
the Earl of Loirelace' Messrs. Harrison, Mitchell, and
Ransome ; Council Premiums of Books to Messrs.
Harrison and Jackson, and Telford Premiums of
Books to Messrs. Redman, Green, and Rankine ; the
President addressing a few complimentary words to
each of these gentlemen on presenting the medals
and premiums.
Memoirs were read of the, deceased members :
Messrs. B. Cubit; T. Hopkins, 'S. -Fowls, members;
Lieutenant Colonel Brandreth, P. L. Campbell, F.
Carleton, and T. E: Steele, 'associates ; and J. Pope,
graduate. These contained some very interesting
biography, and, as a speCimen, we may give that of
the late Tom Steele, who was a very old associate of
the institution.
" Mr. Thomas Ennis Steele was the descendant of
an ancient and honourable family in the County
Clare, where he inherited a beautiful estate, and few
men have commenced their career with brighter pros-
pects. He graduated and took his degrees at Trinity
College, Dublin, about the year 1817 ; he then re-
moved to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1820, and
obtained the degree of Master of Arts in that Uni-
versity, on the books of which his name was always
retained, and he regularly appeared at the elections.
He was an elegant classical scholar, but more parti-
cularly directed his attention to mathematics, me-
chanics, and the application of chemistry to the arts;
he also, at one period, devoted much of his time to
the study of geology, with the avowed object of pre-
paring himself for travelling in the East; a project
which was probably prevented by his entanglement in
politics.

"His attention being directed to the bad state of the
navigation of the river Shannon, he determined to
make a personal survey of the bed of the river, which
he did in the most complete manner, employing some-
times very original means; such, for instance, as
stepping along the line of a reef or shoal, supporting
himself with one hand upon the stern of a boat,
whilst he measured and recorded all the inequalities
of the surface, and ascertained the nature of the rock
or ground. An account of this survey was published
by him ; and no greater proof of its utility can be
given, than the fact of the greater portion of his
suggestions having been followed in the works that
have been since executed.
" His attention being thus directed to the diving bell,
be devised several alterations in its construction and
application ; particularly a method of lighting the
divers, during their submarine labours. All these,
with many similar subjects, were published in the
current periodicals of the. day,
.and. some of them
were communicated tomtehtus
olnnswtithuitclhon.
he
rAetpeaatleattielyr
rtehsaatrsvahtatokn..
addressed the Institution,
e:as the purchase of the
period, a favourite theme
by the sientific world, in t
birth-place of Sir Isaac
h Newton,same
andmanintserP
of literary and dramatic men.. h
spere's house has since beeneobtained by the exertions
the year
" embarked deeply in Ins
the devoted follower of O'Connell, about
politics, and became
1425; but upon that portion of his career, the in-
cumbrance of his fortune, and the melancholy ter-
mination of the life of a man,who might have been
an invaluable member of society, this memoir cannot
dwell. His political opponents, however, all ac-
knowledged his honourable feelings, and the entire
absence of selfishness in all his actions; and in his
last hours he had the gratification of seeing the bit-
terest among them vieing with each other in their
anxiety to serve honest Tom Steele.
" He was the most chivalrously-minded of men, the
most affectionate of friends, and the most devoted of
followers, still preserving his independence of mind.
He entertained no private resentments which might
not instantly be extinguished by the slightest approach
to conciliation, even on the part of one who might
have deeply injured him ; and it may with truth be
said, that he never deliberately committed an act by

which he thought he should lose a friend, create an
enemy, or injure a fellow-creature.
" After the decease of his chosen leader, Mr. Steele
abandoned politics, and though visibly declining in
health and spirits, he stedfastly rejected all offers of
assistance from his friends, who desired to cheer the
evening of his days, and on the 15th of June, 1848,
he expired, a man of fallen fortunes, a crushed spirit,
and a broken heart, but universally beloved by all
who knew and could estimate the man, apart from
the politician."
Votes of thanks were passed unanimously to the
President, Vice-Presidents, Members, and Associates
of the Council, and the Secretary; and the Presi-
dent, in returning thanks, gave a memoir of the late
George Stephenson, and his connexion with the com-
bination of the Fire Tubes and the Blast Pipe in the
Locomotive, which constituted it the life of the pre-
sent railway system.
The address was responded to very warmly, and
the meeting adjourned until Tuesday, February 6th,
when the following paper was announced to be read
1—" On the Abbattoirs of Paris."—By R. B. Gran-
tham, M. Inst. C. E.

TATTERSALL'S-THIS EVENING
O'CLOCK.

CHESTER CUP.
40 to 1 agst The Tartar
40 to 1 agst Great Western.
50 to 1 agst Chanticleer
50 to 1 agst Peep o' Day Boy

LIVERPOOL STEEPLE CHASE.
15 to 1 agst Proceed
20 to 1 agst Chandler

DERBY.
Not a bet laid.

FOREIGN ARRIVALS.—In the absence of the usual
arrivals of cattle, provisions, &c., from Rotterdam and
other of the continental ports, some supplies have taken
place from Harlingen, Nardwyk, and Nieu Diep. The
arrivals from Rotterdam as well as Hamburgh are at
present entirely suspended, owing to the severity of the
frost on the Continent, and merchants have in the emer-
gency availed themselves of the port of Ostend for the
transmission of continental merchandise to this country.
A steam-ship has just arrived in the river from that
port, heavily laden with merchandize of every descrip-
tion, a considerable portion of which has been brought
from the inland parts of Germany for shipment to this
country.
We understand that Mr. Pryse, the son of the late
lamented Member for. the Cardigan boroughs, has con-
sented to come forward, with every prospect of success.
TUE MIDDLESEX MAGISTRATES.--,A. meeting of
the vestry of St. Pancras was held yesterday afternoon,
at the new vestry-rooms, Camden-town, to consider the
proposed erection of a new gaol for Middlesex, as sug-
cested by the county magistrates. A memorial to the
magistrates, strongly deprecating the proposed erection,
on account of the enormous increase it would cause in
the county rates, at a time when the inhabitants were ill
able to bear the present burdens, was moved, and unani-
mously agreed to.
"INTENDED PRESENT TO JENNY LIND.—We have
had the pleasure of seeing this week a beautiful bible,
which the Lord Bishop intends for presentation to Jenny
Lind. It is a Swedish copy of the Holy Scriptures, in
quarto, magnificently bound in purple morocco, having
the arms of the see on the covers, and being beautifully
tooled. The edges are gilt and burnished with great
skill. The binder is Mr. Coote, of Hay-hill. We also
hear that some specimens of Norwich manufacture, the
work of those for whom she expresses so much sympathy
and whose cause she comes to serve, will be presented to
Mdlle. Lind.—Norfolk Chronicle.

COTTON FROM PORT NATAL.—On Monday last,
at the annual :meeting of the Manchester Commercial
Association, two samples of cotton were exhibited,
which had been grown at Port Natal, by Mr. Sydney
Peel, the brother-in-law of Mr. John Peel, one of the di-
rectors of the association, on land belonging Ito the lat-
ter, who holds a very large quantity of land in the co-
lony. One of the samples is of the indigenous cotton of
the country ; it is of a yellow colour, almost amounting
to " nankeen," which could, however, be taken out by
bleachinz. The staple is fair, but not very strong ; it
would be worth about 41d. per lb. The other sample is
grown from Sea Island seed ; the colour is good, and the
staple long and silky ; it is worth '6d. per:lb. 'Both
samples are hand-picked. The capabilities of Port
Natal for the growth of cotton and other agricultural
produce, without the expenditure of a heavy amount of
capital and labour, may be judged from the fact that Mr.
Peel had several hundred acres (we believe we might
say thousands) of virgin land, through which the plough
(mild be run without removing a stump ; and the whole
is but thinly wooded.—Manchester Guardian.
THR FIRE IN NEW-SQUARE, LINCOLN'S-INN—Yes-
terday the several gentlemen who held chambers at No.
2, New-square, Lincoln's Inn fields, met together, and a
committee was formed for the purpose of seeing that
proper care was taken in searching the ruins for the re-
covery of the remaining documents known to be still in
the rubbish. It was also agreed that no person what-
ever was to be allowed to go upon the ruins to search
for missing property until the remaining *ails are
pulled down. So flexions were many gentle-
men the preceding day to search the ruins for their
property, that notwithstanding every gust of wind
made the walls reel to and fro, not the least attention
was psid to the warning, and in order to protect the
lives of the unfortunate sufferers by the fire, this order
was deemed indispensably necessary. This morning, at
an early hour, the work of levelling the walls will be
commenced. Mr. Martin, a gentleman whose chambers
have been totally consumed, has fortunately succeeded in
getting out of the ruins a vast number of documentary
papers of many thousand pounds value, and in order to
allay the excitement which has been caused amongst
several members of the nobility respecting the fate of
their title deeds, we are in a position to state that most
of them have' been recovered, either uninjured, or so
triflingly scorched as not to be illegible. The police are
still obliged to be kept on duty within the square to pre-
vent the crowd of spectators from getting into danger.

LAW IN
COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Jan. ]7.
(Sittings in Banco, before Lord Chief Justice
DENAIAN and Justices PATTESON, COLERIDGE, and
kRLE.)