The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-16 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY T'4I4iNING OCTOBER 16, 1819

.fiber he became quite insensible, and could rear er
nothing afterwards.
Inspector Tunstall stated that on Y2riday
evening he repaired to the outlet of the sewer
and found that it had been opened.
He was told that a police-constable had g,ene in, but
had not returned. In the course of fly, evening the
body was recovered, when he found it was that of
Walsh. It was carried to the Clarendon Tavern, and
everything done to restore animation., but to no pur-
pose—life was gone.
Mr. William Ord, a doctor of medicine, stated that
he was called in on Friday nie,t to see the bodies.
Christman, he was told, lead been sent to the
hospital, but he saw the bodies of the three
labourers. They were quite dead, and it was his
opinion they had died from asphyxia, produced by
inhaling sulphuretted hydrogen gas. He had seen
patients die under the influence of hydrocyanic acid,
which was similar to sulphuretted hydrogen, and
through the medium of a test paper he had satisfied
himself that the sulphuretted hydrogen gas existed in
this sewer to a large extent. To inhale that gas, which
was produced by the decomposition of animal
and vegetable matter in a closed sewer, was instant
death. The bodies of these unfortunate men were
quite blue. The discolouration was produced by the
action of the gas on the iron in the blood. The
existence of the gas could be easily ascertained by
lighting a candle. The candle would flicker and burn
blue if the atmosphere was impregnated with the gas.
There were other tests, bat this was the moat common.
Mr. Lorrick, the assistant surveyor to the Com-
missioners of Sewers, explained the process of flushing,
and then stated that he was the superintendent
of the flushing department of the Commis-
sioners. O.i the 6th of October he received an
intimation that the Warwick-street sewer re-
quired cleansing, and he gave directions
to the local inspector to ascertain the state of the
sewer. He received a report that the sewer required
inspection, and these men were sent down to
take the length of the sewer and the amount of
deposit in it for the purpose of completing the in-
spection. He and those engaged under him were
aware of the occasional existence of bad gases in
sewers, and directions were always given to the
superintendents and • local surveyors always
to take precautions to ascertain if such gases existed
in a sewer if it was operated upon. One of the ob-
jects these men had in view was to ascertain if the
sewer was free from bad gas.
By the CORONER—But is it necessary to send men
into the gas to ascertain the fact of its existence ?
Witness—No ; there is an opening in Warwick-street
for that purpose.
The CORONER—Yes ; but that opening appears to
be too small for the extent of sewer.
Witness—That is the only means we have of
ascertaining the existence of foul air.
The Conosien—By sending the men into it !
Then these sad calamities may occur every day when
sewers are entered by labourers ? Witness—l don't
think so, because if you carry a light it burns blue
for some time before danger commences.
The CoRoNER— do you think these poor men
were aware of that ? Witness—l do.
The CORONER—What lights do your men use ?
Witness—A Davy lamp.
The Coal:nun—What is the principle of that lamp ?
Witness—lt is surrounded with a gauze wirework, to
prevent the flame acting upon the air.
_The CORONER—Then this seems to be the worst
of all lamps to use in testing the existence of gases,
for the air you say cannot act upon it so as to pro-
duce the blue appearance you have already spoken of?
The witness—No doubt that may be so, but for our

work that is the best lamp.
The CORONER—WeII, I really think you ought
always to have recourse to some chemical test before
you allow men to enter a sewer.
A Juror—Do you attribute any blame to any one
in connexion with this calamity ? Witness—No.
Mr. Henry Batterbury, of No. 4, Maldon-road,
Haverstock-hill, stated that he was an inspector of
flushing; in the service of the Metropolitan Commis-
sion, and in the discharge of his duty he inspected
the Warwick-street sewer with Gee and Peart, on
Monday last. They went through the whole of it,
and passed about ten or twelve feet along the sewer
in which these men were destroyed. Gee went in
a little further, and said he could see very curious
blue lights. He felt that the sewer was hot and
damp, and called Gee back. They returned by King's
Scholars Pond Sewer, and when they got out Gee ob-
served " What a curious smell was in that sewer;

it smelt rancy, like rotten cheese ;" and
he asked him if he did not know what
that was. Gee said he did not. He told him that it was
gas, and Peart said it was very like some gas he had
once experienced at Paddington. He then told them
not to go into that sewer or any other that was close
without having man-holes firat opened.
The CORONER— Then you were aware of, the
existence of bad gas in this sewer ? Witness—Yes;
because we returned an account of its existence.
A Juror—Was any one else present but the dead
men when you gave the instructions you have men-
tioned ? Witness—No.
A Juror—Were you aware of tha existence of this
sewer before ? Witness—No, but Gee, I understood,
was through it before.
A Juror—Should you have any fear of going
through this sewer in the event of any further in-
quiry being required ? Witness—No.
Mr. T. Jennings, a surgeon, of Warwick-street,
stated that he was called in to see the body of Mr.
Wells. He found Mr. Wefts was quite dead, and
recommended that he should be taken to the hospital.
A Juror—Did you not attempt any restoratives ?
Witness—No.
A Juror—Mr. Wells was your opposite neighbour,
I think ? Witness—He was.
A Juror—Why did you order him to be taken to
the hospital, then ? Witness —Because I.did not re-
cognize him.
The inquiry was then adjourned till Thursday, at
two o'clock.

committee, which, however, did not conceive that it
had a right to decide on the merits of the institutions
of a foreign people. A great majority beheld in it a
valuable concession and a real blessing for
the Roman people. It granted them most
liberal municipal and provincial institutions. It
contained, it was true, only the first germ of the
representative form of government, but were the
Romans prepared for a system which England had
required two centuries to establish? Pius IX. had
promised additional laws, and the word of the Holy
Pontiff was a sufficient guarantee of his sincerity.
The Committee had been of opinion that the moment
had not arrived when the Pope could dispense
with the presence of the French troops. It was,
however, the interest of France to abridge the
occupation of Rome as much as possible. She
hai not been actuated by a spirit of conquest,
but a desire to restore the Holy Father to his
throne and effect a reconciliation between him and
his people. That object had been already partly
attained, and the instant France had accomplished
her mission her troops would be recalled from the
Italian shores.

M. Thiers having concluded, the Assembly ordered
that the report should ba printed and distributed
among its Members, and that a day be ulteriorly fixed
for its discussion.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MANSION-HOUSE.
John TVM. Bird was brought before the Lord
Mayor under the following remarkable circum-
stances :
Mr. Thomas Rennell, clerk in the Government
Emigration Office of the port of London, 70, Lower
Thames-street, said, about ten days ago the defendant
brought to me the paper produced, at the Emigration
Office, to show that he was a qualified person. The
paper was as follows
" Royal College of Surgeons, London.—John
William Bird passed his examination on the 12th day
of July, 1827, having previously left for inspection
his indentures and certificate of having attended his
proper course of lectures, as by Act of Parliament
" MORGAN JONES
,
required.
" MARTIN LUTHER, Registrar.
" JAMES DUKE, Mayor."
I told him to leave it for the inspection of Mr. Smith ,
which he did, and I gave it to Mr. Stai'i,h,
observed that the defendant was not on the
list of surgeons, and left the paper with me. Two
or three days after the defendant came again, and I
returned to-him the paper, saying that in the absence
of the production of his diploma, together with the
fact of not finding his name on the authorised list of
surgeons, Mr. Smith would not allow him to pass.
The defendant then asked me to let him look at the
book that he might satisfy himself, and then he took
the paper and went away, and I did not see him till
he was in custody.
Mr. E. A. Smith, of the Emigration-office of the
port of London, said—About ten days or a fortnight
ago I received the paper produced as a certificate
from Mr. Rennell, the last witness, to show that the
defendant was a surgeon, and properly qualified to
practice as such, in order that he might obtain the
appointment of surgeon on board the Lord Granby, a
barque, bound to Port Adelaide with emigrants. As
soon as I saw the paper I looked to the list of the
College of Surgeons, and refused to pass it. After-
wards, in the performance of my duty, I was on
board the Lord Stanley emigrant ship, at Gravesend,
and I asked for the surgeon to examine the passengers
with me. The defendant then presented himself, and
we went through the examination of the passengers,
and he gave me a certificate of having examined the
medicine chest, and on looking at the signature I
thought it was the name of the person I had rejected,
but I was not certain, and I made some inquiries the
next morning which confirmed my suspicions. I went
to the College of Surgeons to ascertain whether the
defendant was a surgeon, and finding that he was not,
I went to the owner of the ship to say that he would
not be allowed to proceed, and the defendant was
brought to my office on the 12th instant, and he pro-
duced the paper purporting to be a certificate, which
I had originally seen and delivered to Mr. Kennell,
but it had received the additional words which appear
written across it—" Passed, S. S. Smith, assistant to
Lieutenant M‘Lean." I asked him how he came to
write my name on it? He said I authorised him to
do it. But that was not true • and I sent for a police-
constable, and gave him in charge.
Mr. E. Belfour, secretary to the College of Sur-
geons, Lincoln's Inn-fields, said no such person as
Morgan Jones or Martin Luther belong to the
college. We have nn such officer as a registrar. The
certificate produced is forged. I have belonged to the
College since 1810, and I never recollect such names
as belonging to it as Morgan Jones and Martin
Luther.
Mr. T. Marchant, clerk to Mr. Bottomley, the
owner of the Lord Stanley, said I know the defendant
from having seen him on board the Lord Stanley in
St. Katharine's Docks about three weeks ago. I
understood that he was to be engaged as surgeon on
board that ship. On Thursday, the 11th of October,
the defendant brought to me on board the Lard Stan-
ley, at Gravesed, the paper produced, and said it was
passed by Mr. Smith, and I went with him to the
owner at Gardener's Hotel, Gravesend, and he there
told Mr. Bottomley that he would find everything
satisfactory. Mr. Bottomley was satisfied, and came
back to London. On the following clay, in conse-
quence of the misunderstanding which had arisen
about the passing of the ship, I went to Gravesend,
and afterwards I followed the defendant and Mr.
Bottomley back to town. Mr. Bottomley took the
defendant to Mr. Smith's office, and I joined them
with Mr. Davidson, the broker, and I went with the
defendant and Mr. Smith to Fenchureh-street station-
house, where the former was given in charge.
The LORD MAYOR, after having given the defendant
the usual caution, asked him whether he wished to
make any observation ? Defendant said no.
The LORD MAYOR—It is my duty to commit you
for this very serious offence. The public are greatly
indebted to the establishment of the excellent office to
which these gentlemen belong, for their exertions to
prevent frauds and impositions. It is certainly an
offence of considerable magnitude for a man to use
such means of obtaining an appointment, by which
the medical treatment of 300 or 400 men is placed in
his hands. I consider it to be my duty to back the
efforts of emigration officers, by directing the City
Solicitor to prosecute.
A gentleman, who stated his name to be Storey,
and that he was a surgeon, here stated that he and a
physician had signed a certificate for the reception of
defendant into a lunatic asylum.
The defendant's wife said her husband was in the
habit of acting in such a manner as left no doubt of
his insanity.
The defendant—l had a violent typhus fever a few
years ago, and I have not known what I have been
doing for some time, my head is so much affected.
The LORD MAYOR—The jury must act upon evi-
dence upon the plea of insanity. This business seems
to have been done with much ingenuity, and I commit
the defendant for trial.—Committed.
GUILDHALL.
William Gardiner and John Pryor, servants in the
employ of Messrs. Brown, Richardson, and Co., of
23, Old Bailey, hay salesmen, were charged with
robbing their employers, and John Harrison, of
Bishop's-court, Old Bailey, was likewise charged as
being the receiver.
It appeared from the evidence taken at the first ex-
amination that for some time past quantities of hay,
clover, &c., had been missed, but no suspicion fell on
the prisoners, Gardiner and Pryor, who were carmen.
However, on the Bth of October, two officers, named
Harmes and Ham, observed the two prisoners, about
eight o'clock in the morning, with their carts, draw
up, one in Seacoal-lane, off Skinner-street, and the
other left. his cart in Fleet-lane. They were both
seen to take a truss of clover hay each, and proceed
up the steps leading to Bishop's-court, followed by the
officers, who saw them pitch them into the prisoner
(Harrison's) stable. Harmes instantly went up and
asked them who directed them to pitch the clover hay
there, and they replied that they did not know they
had any authority for doing so. He told them that if
that was so they must consider themselves in custody,
upon which Harrison said, then if that is the case, 1
will have nothing to do with it. I won't have it here,
and he put the hay out of the stable. The prisoner
Harrison denied all knowledge of Gardiner or Pryor,
and on account of his good character of 17 years, he
was discharged. Since then other information
had been obtained, an i he was summoned to day to
appear. Several witnesses were examined, from which
it appeared that Gardiner and Pryor had been in the
habit, for some months past, of leaving two, three,
?
four, and six trusses of hay at a time, in Harrison s
' stable, in Wheatsheaf-yard, and it was also shown
that he knew Pryor well, and had been seen paying
him money.
Gardiner declined saying anything in defence.
Prior said, that all that had been stated by the
witnesses was false, and Harrison still persisted in
his being innocent of all the transactions imputed to
him.
Sir CHAPMAN MARSHALL committed them all for
trial, but said he would take bail for Harrison, him-
self in 1001., and two sureties in 501. each.
Harrison appealed to his master and a friend, who
had been in court and heard the evidence, to beccme
ball for his appearance.
the former said, that knowing the prisoner so
many years, he, at the first examination, thought he
was innocent respecting the two trusses of clover hay,
but, after what he heard that day, he was inclined to
think differently, and, therefore, would rather not be
one of the sureties.
The other person, who also came to be bail, if
requisite, declined on the same grounds.
The depositions were then read over, and the pri-
soners were conveyed to Newgate.
MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
A lady, accompanied by two gentlemen, applied to

Mr. Bingham for advice under these circumstances :
On Saturday the lady was attracted to a fur shop
in Pogent street, by the display of cheap ticketed
goods in the window. She went into the shop, but
not finding the inside answered the expectations raised
by the outside, she was about leaving the shop when
the person in charge of the shop put his arms out and
barred her egress, with the intimation that she would
not be allowed to leave the place until she had made a
purchase. Being much intimidated, she agreed to
become the purchaser of what were represented to her
to be a pair of minx fur cuffs, at the price of 14s. 61.
She paid the money, received a regular bill of parcels,
and was told if the cuffs did not suit they would be
changed any time within three months. The lady, as
soon as she got home, obtained an opinion as to the
value of her purchase, and she was then informed that
the same sort of cuff for which she had beva con-
strained to pay 14s. 64., might be bought in any re-
spectable shop fur half a crown. To-day the lady
returned to the shop, and required the tuffs to be
changed. The owner or manger of the shop would
only make an exchange on these terms, that the lady
should take a pair of cuffs at 303., paying the diffe-
rence. These 303. cuffs were wort}, about 103. Of
course the offer was refused ; and F,3 the,lady could
get no real redress, she had comp to that court fOr
advice. The lady would not Inive taken so much
trouble about the matter, had it not been for the
alarming manner of the man, who by his conduct
effected the compulsory sale his goods.
Mr. BINGHAM said he wriuld tell the applicant the
advice he gave to anothr,r party the other day who
had made a similar complaint to him, which had re-
ference to the same e:aop. He told the complainant
to go back to the sl'iop, and require the goods to be
taken back, or the money to be returned. If a denial
was given, as i'a fact it had been given with scorn,
then to go to the County Court, and take out a sum-
mons for the amount. This was done, and when the
day of hear;,ng arrived, the complainant received back
the whole of the money and costs, without going into
court. He had no doubt a similar course in this
case 'would produce a similar result.
The parties thanked the magistrate, and promised
to follow the hint.

This is the third or fourth case of the same sort
which has been at this court within the last week or
ten days.

Air.-Gamble of Rupert-street, Haymarket, said a
parcel, evidently containing money, had been left at
his house on Tuesday last by mistake. He had in
vain attempted to disccver the owner or the sender,
and he wanted to know what course he had best
pursue. The parcel was directed to J. H. Kemble,
Rupert-street.

Mr. BINGHAM advised Mr. Gamble to make the
circumstance known to the police at the Vine•street
station

WORSHIP-STREET.

George Montague Byatt, a respectable-looking
young fellow, dressed in sporting costume, was
charged before Mr. Ilammill with the following ex-,
traordinary conduct in one of the carriages of the
Eastern Counties Railway Company, and refusing to
pay his fare from Colchester to London.
Thomas M'Crachan, one of the railway officers,
stated—While engaged in- collecting the passengers'
tickets, on the arrival of the Parliamentary train from
Colchester at the Stratford station, about nine o'clock
on Saturday evening, I heard a cry of alarm from
one of the carriages I had just quitted, and on return-
ing to the compartment observed the prisoner squat-
ting down between the seats at the bottom of the
carriage. One of the female passengers told me that
he had been concealing himself under her seat; and
upon my asking him the meaning of his being in such
a position, and demanding his ticket, he replied that
he had delivered me up his ticket before, on the other
side of the vehicle, and that as soon as he bad done
so he fell asleep and rolled off on the floor. I, how-
ever, felt satisfied that he had not done so, and as I
was convinced I had not seen him before, and that he
was not sitting upon either of the seats when I col-
lected the tickets from those passengers, I accompa-
nied him in the carriage to the terminus at Shore-
ditch, where I formally demanded his fare from Col-
chester, and as he refused to pay it, or at least did
not produce it, and as I knew nothing of him, I felt it
my duty to lock him up.
Mrs. Anne Wilson, the female passenger referred
to, stated—l came from Chelmsford on Saturday
night, and whilst the train was proceeding between
Romford and Stratford I several times felt something
touching my feet from beneath the seat on which I
was sitting. I supposed at first that it was caused by
the restlessness of some dog belonging to one of my
fellow•passengers, and therefore took no particular
notice of the circumstance until after the officer had
collected the tickets from that compartment of the
train, when it struck me that the motions I had felt
were not those a dog would be likely to make, and on
stooping down to feel that the.parcels I had with me
were safe my hand came in contact with the face of a
man without a hat, whose head appeared to be emerg-
ing from just under my seat. We were in almost
total darkness at the time, and feeling naturally much
terrified, I exclaimed that I was being robbed by some
thief in the carriage, upon which a gentleman who
sat opposite called for the guard, and the ticket col-
lector having come back and turned on his light
amongst the passengers, I discovered the prisoner
crouched down on the floor, in a position half sitting
or kneeling, and at a very 'short distance from me.
He asked me if I had been robbed, to which I replied
in the negative, as I found that my parcels were safe,
and he then observed that if he had robbed me it
would be better for me to have him searched. The
collector then asked for his ticket, and he said he had
given it up before, as he wanted to get out at Mile-end.
Mr. John Griggs, clerk in a commercial house on
St. Dunstan's-hill, fully corroborated the preceding
evidence, and added, that it was not until the tickets
had been collected from that compartment, and the
last witness had called out that she was being robbed
by some man, that the prisoner emerged from his
place of concealment, when he distinctly SAW him rise
from between the seats.

When called upon for his explanation of the singu-
lar position in which he had been discovered, the pri-
soner declared that he was among the first of the
passengers who had delivered up their tickets upon
the temporary stoppage of the train, but that as soon
as he had done so he found it necessary to sit down at
the bottom of the carriage, as he was in rather delicate
health, and the draught that poured into the train was
both cold and annoying. He called a young woman
named Mary Bunn, of Danbury, in Essex, to confirm.
his assertion ; but, though she deposed pretty posi.
tively to seeing the accused deliver up his ticket at
Stratford, there were several inconsistenciesin her
statement, and
Mr. HAMMILL, after expressing an opinion that her
evidence could not be implicitly relied on, and that she
had been altogether mistaken in the principal fact in
her testimony, considered that the charge had been
fully established, and sentenced the prisoner to pay a
penalty of 405., under the byelaws of the company, or
in default to stand committed to the House of Correc-
tion for a week.

A BROUGH HILL TRICK. A Westmoreland
farmer, who had several times been taken in by the
Yorkshire horse-dealers, in retaliation contrived the ful•
lowing scheme to deceive the biters. At the last 13rough
Hill Fair; he had a pony of good shape and action, but
unfortunately by some accident it had lost one of its
ears. On making application to a currier, he was readily
supplied with one just the same size and colour as the
one lost, which he fixed upon the pony's head by the
bridle. The plot was successful; the pony was sold to
a Yorkshireman, a bargain soon made, the money paid,
and the bridle of course was given over, the farmer dis-
appearing in the crowd. The purchaser, on going to put
a halter on the pony, took off the bridle, and to his sur-
prise the false ear also. He made some search for his
brother " biter," but he was no where to be found, for he
had made off from the hill in great glee at having suc-
ceeded in deceiving the Yorkshireman. Carlisle
Journal.
THE HOUSEHOLD TROOPS IN THE REIGN OF JAMES
I—An officer has favoured us with some interesting
military extracts from old exchequer records, which ex-
hibit the expensive manner in which the househould
troops were equipped at their first formation, in the
reign of James I. We find in an old warrant addressed
to " Giles Simpson, his Majesty's goldsmith, the sum of
731/. 13s. 4d., to be by him employed for fine gold and
silver, for the making of spangles for the rich coat
for the guard of a new err c ion, being fifty in
number, every one of them allowed arid rated in gilt
spangles thirty-three ounces, at Bs. 6d. the ounce, and
white spangles one ounce, at 6s. 8d the mince. By
writ, dated April 19, 1604, 731/. 13s. 4d." In another
order, addressed to " John Dawson, his Highness's
tailor, the sum of 15/. is granted, to be by him em-
ployed for sewing silk, to set on the guards' velvet,
of fifty rich coats, for fifty of the guard, of
a new erection, taffeta, sarsnet, and other things,
with the making, at 20e. the piece. By writ, dated
April 19, 1604.' Another extract is dated May 1,
1604, addressed to "John Parre, embroiderer, granting
the sum of 166/. 193. 11d., to be by him employed for
stuff, crimson, satin of Bruges, and canvass, for the em-
broidering of fifty rich coats, of red cloth, for fifty of
the guard, of a new erection, with roses and crowns im-
perial, and with the letters J. R., and all the bodies of
the said coats embroidered over with gold. 166/. 19s. 11."
It should be remarked that the "fifty men of a guard of
a new erection" mentioned, were not yeomen of the
guard, or beefeaters; they were actually the first nucleus
of the household troops formed nearly 250 years ago."—.
British Army Dispatch.
A COUNTY OF KILKENNY ELOPEMENT AND ITS
CONSEQUENCES.—A man named Cody was killed last
Wednesday, by a man named Walsh. The former was
on his way from Callan, in the county Kilkenny, eloping
with the wife of Walsh; Cody had others, aiders and
abettors, with him, who were met by the unfortunate
husband and his party on the road at Couls, where a
fight ensued, and Walsh struck Cody with a pitchfork
on the forehead, and killed him on the spot. An in-
quest was held, and adjourned till Sunday, and a verdict
returned of " Wilful Murder."
Sweet oil has been found a cure for the mildew
which affects grapes. The stems are brushed with the
9/1 daily.

Colchester .
Harwich .. .
Leigh .......
Maldon

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15 125
29 79
100, 5o
1681 334

720

CHELMSFORD, OCtuDzli 12.—At our market to•
day there was a :good supply of wheat, the. bulk
of which was disposed of at the same prices as last
week. Spring corn of all sorts was unaltered in value.
Wheat, white, old 44s to 475; new 45s to 483; red, old
9s to 425; new, 40s to 443; barley, —s to - s ; chevalier
—s to —s; grinding 22s to 283; oats 17s to 235; malt 541
to 565; chevalier 54s to 583; peas, partridge, new 28s to
:30s; old, —s to —s ; white, new, 286 to 30s ; old, —s to _s ;
dun, new, 273 to 29s ; beans, tick, new 25s to 27s ; old, 28s
to 305; harrow ticks, new 26s to 28s; old 29s to 31s; ma-
zagan, new 244 to 265; old 25s to 27s per qr.
COLCHESTER, OCT. 13.2—Wheat, white 44s to 50s ; red 40s
to 445; barley 283 to 325; beans, mazagan 24s to 283; middle
and small 28s to 30s; peas 263 to 3Js per qr.
HAnnINGTON, OCT. 12.—The following are the prices of
grain at our market to-day :
Wheat. Barley. Oats. Bean'.
First 5Cs Od 31s 3d 21s 03 343 Od
Second ... 408 8d 24s 6d 185 5d 31s fd
Third ... 30s Od 183 63 15s 03 303 03
Total quantity of Wheat in market 585 qrs., 530 sold
Do. Barley do. 367 qrs., 3z9 sold
Do. Oats do. 343 qrs., 332 sold
Do. Beans do. 46 qrs., 30 sold
KIRICALDY, OcT. 13.—The following are the quotations
up to this date:—