The Sun.
London, England, 1831-12-09 00:00:00

LAMBETH-STREET.

Yesterday Edward Cook, and the female Ross,
underwent another examination before the Hon. G.
C. NORTON and JOAN HARDwicx, Esq., on the
charge of Burking Mrs. Walsh, when the following
additional evidence, and which is most important in
the case, was given :
Sarah Cotton, a dealer in Rag-fair, about three
months since, purchased a shawl from the female
prisoner for 6d. or Bd., she did not know which.
It had formerly been blue, was a good deal faded
by washing and wearing, and had a light border of
about four inches in depth. She subsequently sold
it, but she did not know to whom. Was positive
the prisoner Ross was the person she had purchased
it from, and that it was three months since.
Mrs. Saville, also a dealer in Rag-fair, deposed
to the prisoner having, in the first instance, offered
the shawl to her, but she declined to purchase it.
It was the same as described by the last witness.
It was rather worn about the shoulders, and had a
stain about as large as her hand.
Elizabeth Bosey, the grand-daughter of Mrs.
Walsh, said that she made her, Airs. Walsh, a pre-
sent of a shawl answering precisely the description
given by the two last witnesses of the shawl that
had been sold by the prisoner. She saw her grand-
mother wear it on the Friday she went to lodge at
the prisoner's house.
A woman named Colbert said, that between two
and three months since the female prisoner offered
her for sale an old black willow bonnet, but she did
not buy it.
Eliza Dunham stated, that about three months
since, she purchased several stay-laces, some balls
of cotton, and needles and pins, from the female
prisoner, for old. They were rolled up in a piece
of blue paper.
A witness was called who deposed that Mrs.
Walsh was in the habit of hawking such articles,
and that she also wore a black willow bonnet.
At the conclusion of the examination of these w;

nesses, Mr. NORTON asked the prisoners if they had
any thing to offer to the evidence that had been
given; when the woman commenced abusing the
witnesses in good set terms.
The Magistrates told her that such a course was
not calculated to serve her, and that, if she had any
questions to put to any of the witnesses which might
elicit any thing favourable to her they would most
readily do so.
The prisoner, after thanking their Worships, said
that the bonnet spoken of by one of the witnesses
had been given to her by Anne Buton, the grand-
daughter of the missing woman,7and that she cer-
tainly did sell it in the lane. Money, she said, had
been given to her son to induce him to make the
statement he did, and which statement was as false
as God was true. Her son had sent her a part of
the Money to the prison, and it was by this means
she knew that he had received it. The prisoner
again commenced in indulging in a volley of invec-
tive against the witnesses; and, on being remon-
strated with by the Magistrate, she exclaimed,—
" Well, gentlemen, you may hang me or banish me
from the country, for I'm banished from house and
home, and can never show my fac
"e among those
who know me in this country again.
Cook said he had nothing to add to what he had
before stated.
The prisoners were then remanded until the 22d
natant.
During the examination the office and all the ave-
nues leading to it were much crowded with persons
anximis to get a peep at the prisoners.
THAMES POLICE- OFFICE.

Yesterday James Bryant, a costermonger, attired
in the garb of a sailor, was brought before Messrs.
BALLANTINE and BRODERIP, charged on suspizion
with having murdered a young woman, named
Sarah Barter, and subsequently disposed of her
body, under the following circumstances. The in-
vestigation excited great interest, and the office was
crowded to excess.
It appeared from the evidence of several wit,
nesses that the prisoner and a woman named Ann
with whom he cohabited, and who was
'the name of Costermonger Nance, were
Lab .
knowneot
I committed from this office by Mr. BALLANTINE,
tliltillille LY
three
e months since, for robbing Captain Tom-
linson, the master of a collier, of 30 sovereigt;.,
The principal witness against them was the young
woman, who has suddenly disap7
peomn
ar
ea(i Tall::ealipaPr'rtaiertsewere tried at the last October
sessions, when the woman Lethuliere was couvicte.a
and sentenced to transportation .or but her pa-
ramour, Bryant, acquitted. After Bryant was
dis;,harged, he threatened several of the witnesses,
but his animosity was chiefly directed against Sarah
Barter, to whom he made use of the most violent
threats, and she was at length so ro;•;ch intimidated
by his language roeiateing gestures, that she
was afraid 'to -leaiie her room after dark, and on
mote than one occasion when she was compelled to
I go out in the day-time, had called for the interference

vemoer, tneyoung woman left her lodgings, at No.
7, Lower Chapman-street, St. George's in the East,
about eleven o'clock in the morning, on a visit to
her sister, a servant to Mrs. Nichols, of Porchester-
terrace, Bayswater. On her way thither she called
upon her aunt, Mrs. M'Kenzie, of No. 12, Castle-
street, Finsbury-square; and on leaving her pro-
ceeded direct to her sister's, at Bayswater, and after
drinking tea with her, left about five o'clock in the
evening, and stated that she was going to attend a
prayer-meeting in Cannon-street-road. From that
time she was never seen or heard of, although a de-
scription of her person and dress was advertised
three times in the newspapers, and printed bills were

circulated throughout all parts of the metropolis.
On Wednesday the aunt applied in great distress of
mind to Mr. Fagan, an inspector of K division, at
the station-house in Green-bank, Wapping, and
said she strongly suspected her niece had been mur-
dered by Bryant, as she had been unable to gain the
least tidings of her. Fagan lost no time in con-
sulting Mr. Ballantine, the sitting Magistrate, who
ordered him to take Bryant into custody wherever
he could be found, and yesterday morning he was
apprehended by George Phillips, a policeman,
No. 87, K, and brought to this office. Phillips in
his evidence said, that the prisoner was a very dis-
solute fellow, and associated with the very worst of
characters. The young woman who was missing
had frequently sought his protection since the trial,
and had informed him that she went ir. danger of her
life from Bryant, who had made use of the most
horrible and menacing language towards her, and
had declared she should not live long..
Frances Storey stated, that she livA in the house,
No. 7, Lower Chapman-street, and that the young
woman who was missing lodged there up to the
time of her disappearance. She was very respectably
connected, and after leaving the service of a gentle-
man named Knight, in Stepney, procured a liveli-
hood as a laundress. She had heard the prisoner
threaten to murder her for giving evidence against
him and the woman Lethuliere, who was convicted.
He was in the habit of loitering about the house,
and accosting Sarah Barter, every time she went
out, and making use of the most infamous threats.
On the Saturday night after the trial she went out
on an errand, and soon after she came back much
agitated, and as pale as death, and exclaimed, " Oh,
God James Bryant has met me again and threat-
ened my life, and says he will murder me."
The landlady of the house where Sarah Barter

lodged stated that on one occasion the prisoner
came there and made a great disturbance. He said
he wanted to serve out the -- and
that he should not be easy until he had his will of

her. The young woman, on hearing his voice, said,
" For God's sake don't open the door," and the
prisoner finding he could not get near her, went
away muttering some threats. The prisoner had
subsequently been seen waiting opposite the house.
Two other females confirmed the evidence of the
two last witnesses. They had heard that the
prisoner associated with body-snatchers, and other
bad character,, and had heard him threaten to do
for the young woman.
A policeman said, that Sarah Barter met him two

or three days before her disappearance and said she
was in bodily fear from the prisoner, and that he had
said her days were numbered, or words to that effect.

Elizabeth McKenzie, a respectable elderly woman,
the aunt of the female who is missing, said that her
niece was a most steady, sober, and virtuous girl;
and when she left her to go to Bayswater, she pro-
mised to make haste back with something she was
to bring from her sister's. The witness, who ap-
peared overwhelmed with grief, and cried bitterly,
expressed her belief that the prisoner had made away
with the poor girl.
Mary Barter, servant to Mrs. Nichols, at Bays-
water, stated that when her sister left her on the
23d of November, she had 3s. 9d. in her pockets,
and had a bundle containing some calico and other
articles to carry home. She appeared very melan-
choly during the afternoon, about the threats which
Bryant had made use of towards her.
Mr. BRODERIP—Did your sister say she had seen
Bryant that day P—The witness said she had no re-
collection of her having stated site had seen him on
the day she came to Bayswater ; but her sister had
met him but a very short time previous.
Harriet and Selina Lethuliere, the mother and
sister of the woman who was convicted, and who
were also bound over to give evidence on the trial,
said the prisoner had repeatedly threatened them
previous to and after the Sessions. The girl said
the prisoner was a very violent man, and once said
he would tear her asunder, and shoot her.
Inspector Fagan said he should be enabled to
produce more evidence against the prisoner on a
future day.
Mr. BRODERIP said he felt it his duty to detain
the prisoner, and he should not part with him until
the mystery in which the affair was involved had
been cleared up. The case was one of very strong
suspicion, and required the fullest investigation.
He was now ready to hear any thing the prisoner
had to say.
Bryant said he knew nothing of the young
woman, or what had become of her. Bad as as he
was, he would cut his right arm off before he would
" Burke" any female.
Mr. BRODERIP asked the prisoner if he could
satisfy him as to the manner in which he spent his
time on the 23d of November.
The prisoner said he could not.
Mr. BuopEftir then ordered tile prisoner to be
remanded, and said, that after what had so recently
happened, and the enormities of which two monsters
had been guilty, he hoped that the land and water
officers of that establishment, and the new police,
would use every exertion to gain some tidings of the
female who was missing, and whose relatives sus-
pected she had been murdered.
The prisoner was then► removed from the bar.
Sarah Barter, the woman suspected to have been
Bucked, was about twenty-nine years of age, five
feet two or three incites high, fair complexion, light
hair, and blue eyes. When last seen, she was at-
tired in a half mourning cotton gown, a black willow
bonnet, a brown shawl with a red border, and a
black cloth shawl.

NEW Boors.—Messrs. CoLIIURN and
BENTLEY have just published the following :-1. " Ro-
mance and Reality," by L. E. L. Authoress of " The
linprovisatrice," Scc., 3 vols. 2. " Travels in the North
of Europe," by CHARLES BOILEAU ELLIOTT, Esq. of the
Bengal Civil Service, 1 vol. Svo. 3. " Cavendish, or
the Patrician at Sea," 3 vols. 4. " Letters of Eminent
Men, addressed to BALER TItORESBY, Esq„
comprising numerous Epistles from the celebrated JOHN
EvELNN, Sir HAMS SLOANE, Slr GODFREY COPLEy,
Archbishop SHARP, Bishop BURNET, Dr. CALAMY, Rev.
MATTIIEW HENRY, STRYEE, HEARNE, &C. &e., k yO4.
Svo. 5. " Alice Paulet, or How to. Cllooae a Wife," by
the Author.of " Sydenham," 3, vols. ". Memoirs of the
Duchess of Ah;antes," with two portraits, in 2 vols. Syn.
7. Also, an elegant French edition of the fnrclaing work,
with two portraits, now first addeti. at little more than
half the price of the tlaris edition, 2 vols. Svo. 8. "
The
Catechism of Health," by Dr. GRANVILLE, written in ac.
cordauce with the opinions of several District Lomas tel
Health, in a small volume, price, 59.

To DETECT FAAUD.--All pencils having
steel pah.its,ox: nozzles, or tortoiseshell bodies, ?..n4 white
metal, substituted for silver, are ft.** on the patent
pencils. To avoid all the
itwouvenienee arising from the
spurious articles, sc,e th4t the pencil has the name " S.
Ato,aumi and Ca., Makers and Patentees," on the body of
the ease, and that the case is all silver or all gold, AO,
also to ensure the proper leads for replenhing the case,
see that each box has a yellow belt, vith the word " War-
ranted" on it, and a rea :evling-wax impression, bearing
the S. ill. ?nd Ca." In many instances, the
purchaser has paid as much for these spurious ,teel-pointed
pencils and tortoiseshell cases, as far the genuine silver and
gold article. Shoplc,eepers in provincial towns would do
well to observe the above remarks, 'to prevent their being
imposed upon, the public being much inconvenienced in
not being supplied with the vnuine

No part of the Royal speech of Tuesday last
is calculated to diffuse more reasonable satis-

faction throughout the country, than that whiCh
calls the early notice of Parliament to the con-

dition of the Irish Church. The relation be-
tween Church and State in Ireland is such as to

entail ruin
_upon both if it continues. There

exists a universal feeling against the payment of
tithe by a nation of Catholics to a Protestant
clergy. This feeling—aggravated and inflamed,
no doubt, by the diligence of faction, which re-

gards nothing but the chance of turning popular
grievances to the benefit of their own selfish
schemes—has ripened into measures of a very
formidable and vexatious character, amounting
to nothing less than a conspiracy, which extends
through many counties, against the payment of
tithes. Of this league, the immediate conse-

quence is most afflicting; for it no longer ad-
mits of doubt that a large proportion—we fear
the majority—of the Protestant incumbents
throughout the south of Ireland are actually
in a state of destitution ! What is the

remedy ? Some individuals there are who
exclaim, " Why not enforce, in all directions,
" the payment of arrears of tithe to the Clergy ?'
There is but one argument against such a mea-
sure—to wit, its perfect impossibility. It is, we
repeat, impossible for 500 or 600 individuals to
go to law with an entire people. " More is the
pity," we shall be answered. It may be so, but
such is the fact. We know well enough how

much may be said upon the criminality of break-
ing the laws, and • in favour of the right of en-
forcing them. But who minds the charge of
criminality, when the number of criminals is
such as to keep each other in countenance, and
to set the law at defiance ? or of what value is

that right which there can be found no means of
enforcing but by a war of the weak against the
strong ? The laws ought, no doubt, to be
obeyed. But wherefore has the maxim become

general ? Because, generally, it is for the in-
terest of the whole community, or of the bulk of
its members, to obey them. What, then, if laws
should be imposed by the supreme authority
which the bulk of the community feel that it is
not for their interest to obey ? Why they
will not obey them, unless constrained
thereto by superior power. Then, in the case of
Ireland, the question comes to this—would it be
better to send an army of 100,000 men to that
country, stationing a detachment in every parish
to assist the constables in levying distresses for
tithe, where the goods so taken would not find a
single purchaser ; or repeal a law so odious to
the people, and support the active clergy
through some less dangerous, dreadful, and
abortive means ? No man in his senses now

talks of maintaining the Church of Ireland by
tithe raised upon the Catholic population. No
man is wild enough to suppose it possible that
Irish Bishops should long enjoy such revenues,
or exist in such numbers, as at present. No
statesman imagines that the clergy who ministers
to the spiritual wants of about 4-sths of the
people, should continue separated and estranged
from the political institutions of the land.—
None but a few selfish and short-sighted land-
lords can hesitate as to the positive necessity of
a legal provision for the helpless and innocent
pauper. These several defects, or vices, in the
law of Ireland, will suggest their own remedies
to most thinking minds. The speech from the
throne, it is but fair to surmise, had all, or most
of them, in its contemplation.—Times.
At the time when Parliament is about to ap-
point a Committee to inquire into the policy of
renewing the East India Company's charter, and
to suggest laws for regulating the trade to China,
it deserves consideration whether in a short time

we shall have any trade with that empire ex.cep
upon conditions too degrading to be borne ; and
whether we must not make a demonstration of
force before we can expect to renew our commer-
cial intercourse with honour, or to enjoy it with
a feeling of security. Certain we are, that all
the evidence given in a former session to esta-
blish the respect in which the Company's go-
vernment is held at Canton, and the danger of
opening the tea-trade lest the misconduct of in-
dividual traders should expose our intercourse to
hazard, is now proved to be empty sounds.
Never was any body of slaves or vassals depen-
dent on haughty Lords treated with more indig-
nity or insolence than the Company's agents have
been within the present year by the barbarians of
the Celestial empire. 'Their property has been
sacked, their contracts disregarded, their servants
persecuted, and the representation of their Sove-
reign openly insulted, with the public sanction,
and by the authorized agents of the Canton Go-
vernment. All this has been admitted by the
Select Committee of the factory, who, in conse-
quence left Canton, and announced that unless
some favourable change took place, the trade
would cease on the beginning of August. This
announcement was dated the 20th of May last,
and led us to believe either that the authorities
of Canton must be brought to offer redress to
the injured factory, or that the Select Com-
mittee would wait for instructions from home,
before they allowed a single transaction to take
place between their agents atid the Hong mer-
chants. If such a resolution, however, was
formed, it must have been suddenly abandoned,
for an order has been issued lay the sanie Select
Committee, on the 10th of June, rescinding
their prohibitive regulation of May the PAii,
and of course permitting the trade whi,ch, was to
have been suspended on the Ist August. The
reason which they assign for the change of system
is the most striking practical non sequitur that
was ever introduced into politics. It is co.; .ehed
in the following words :
" Since the publication of the forw,ek intimation of the
Select Committee, the evils of which they complained
have assumed an altered and more decided character, being
confirmed by an Imperial proclamation front Pekin, di-
rectipg he most harassing and 4strixtive regulations to
be imposed upon foreigners, and indirectly countenancing
the acts of aggKeviou which have been committed. The
local oncerz of the Canton Government would therefore
fic,d ittraediate justification under the sane ion of Imperial
authority. The President and Sdoct Committee do not
intend to suspend commlrslai intercourse on the let of
August next,"
Ne-,,!e; was a conclusion more at war with its
premises. If the intercourse. was suspended be-
cause the Factory had been aggrieved, surely an
aggravation of the injuries furnished a reason
rather for confirming than rescinding the suspen-
sive order. The celestial irtiriperor's. answer to
the Canton autlioritiea, approving of the new re-
strictions placed oat the English " Barbarians"
which we. find in the Canton Rcgater, of
Jiie 18, is a masterpiece of grotesque dignity
and gorgeous insoleini., " Let the Gownor of
Canton," says i,e, " be strict in enforcing our
customs,lt is altogether menu:.
bent
How, in such ci,rcum-
internal,and so eradicate the disturbance
Celestial Empire s respecta,
nreoigtitz
ebloa
wgil°l7hie.nistreigns of Leidenhall main-
tain their " respectability in governing ?" The
only worthy reply to such kiroclarnation and st,tcla.

an of war. We refer to the account of what

took place at the India-house sale of tea yester-
day, for an illustration of the bad effects pro-
duced by the vacillating conduct of the Canton

authorities.—

On Tuesda
notice of a

nd ustry, and
lated property

Farmers of t
Rates of Pro

published by

gave
!s on

•egtt-
the
Low
tde,"
)ears
for

that this writ
raising the profits, by a return to a free-trade in
corn. " Unless," says he, " the process of
withdrawing capital from the inferior land, and
of bringing down the rent of the superior,
should be extremely gradual, great loss would,
in the first instance, be incurred, and great tem-

porary suffering experienced. To prevent this
loss, and to avert this suffering, the return to a
free trade in foreign agricultural produce should
be made step by step, and should be preceded
by the repeal of all taxes upon industry, parti-
cularly by the abolition of that most injurious
of all taxes—the iniquitous tax of tithes. I
have already giren notice of a motion for the
repeal of all such taxes, and for substituting in
their stead a regulated property tax ; and
I trust I shall be able to follow up this
motive by presenting, for the favourable con-
sideration of the farmers of the United

Kingdom, a measure for a return to a perfectly
free trade in all the products of foreign agricul-
ture, so cautious and so gradual as ultimately to
increase the profits of capital and the wages of
labour throughout all the branches of nationzl
industry, without occasioning any immediate loss
to the farmers, who have now invested their

stock in tillage, or any throwing out of the la-
bour actually employed upon this soil. I enter-
tain, indeed, a full conviction, that a judicious
return to a free trade in corn would so increase

the general opulence and prosperity of the
country as to tend to raise rather than to lower
the rent of the landed proprietor." Colonel
Torrens, in the course of his short address, ex-
tending only to sixteen pages, gives a variety of
statements, in proof of his proposition, " that
a free importation of the products of foreign
agriculture, without restriction and without duty,
would render the rate of profit in all the branches
of industry, agriculture included, permanently
high." We may at once admit that the Corn
Laws have lowered the profits on the capital em-
ployed in agriculture, and consequently in all
other branches of industry. The picture which.
he draws of the mischievous results which these.

laws have produced is not overcharged :
" The gradual reduction (he observes) and ultimate
extinction of profit, in all the branches of industry, form
the smallest portion of the evil inflicted on the country by
that iniquitous system which deprives the people of cheap
supplies of foreign food. As the profits of the capitalist
diminish, interest urges, necessity drives him to resort to
expedients for producing the same quantity of goods at a
less expence. But, if he be a farmer, he cannot, without
still greater loss, reduce the quantity or quality of his seed,
or dispense with his plough and his team ; and if the ca-
pitalist he a manufacturer, he cannot make bricks without

straw ; be cannot fabricate the same quantity of wrought
goods with a less quantity of material, and with inferior
machinery. The cost of production can be diminished
only by reducing wages. On the labourer, therefore, the
calamity falls with grinding pressure. He is trodden to.
the earth, without the possibility of recovering his lost po—
sition. When things have arrived at that state at which
the capitalist, in order to realize a living profit upon the
capital he employs, is driven to the necessity of reducing
wages, every effort of self.preservation on the part of the.
working people serves but to aggravate their misery. This
is a point of vital—of fearful interest. Let us considsr .it
more in detail.

" In the preceding cases, when the farmer, in culti-
vating an acre of land, advanced seed and food equivalent
to five bushels of wheat, and implements and clothing
worth twenty shillings, it is assumed that the food and
clothing received by the working man were just sufficient
for his comfortable support. Now, when the farmer cul-
tivates land which will not yield a produce sufficient to
replace the expenditure, with a living profit, it is plain
' that he must either reduce wages or abandon tillage. If
the working people submit to a reduction of wages, their
condition is degraded ; if they struggle to escape this de.
gradation, and resist the reduction of wages, the land
cannot continue to be cultivated, and the demand for their
labour ceases altogether. By our restrictions on the im-
portation of food, and by our tithes, and other taxes on
production, the portion of the produce of industry left to
the producers is so small, that it is insufficient to afford,
at one and the same time, a living profit to the capitalist,
and adequate wages to the labourer. Collision is the con-
sequence. The capitalist and labourer arc brought toge-
ther, like two shipwrecked mariners, upon a plank in-
capable of supporting both. Self-preservation urges them
to a deadly contest against each other. Everywhere the
struggle of despair is carried on. In the towns we have
seen the manufacturer become a truck-master, forcing the
labourers to receive arbitrary payments in kind, while the
labourers have formed themselves into trades' unions, in
order to escape from what mistaken suffering fancies to be
the injurious influence of capital. In the rural districts,
the farmers have minced their labourers to the state of
parish paupers, and the labourers have become incendiaries,
in order to terrify the farmer into the payment of adequate
wages. Where is this to end ? Is it too much to say,
that if a speedy remedy be not found for these deep.seatA
evils, a servile war—the dissolution of society—is at hand?
" Were a total stranger to the institutions of this
country cast upon our shore--where he made to under-
stand the practical operation of our corn laws, tithes, and
other taxes upon industry, and desired to estimate the
character of the Legislature by the tendency of its en-
actments, to what conclusion would a strict induction
from the facts conduct him ? Certainly it never could
occur to him that those who had brought am to the verge
of social dissolution should oppose themselves to change,
upon the groutada that the system bad worked well.'
This strangew to the state of society in England could not
be persuaded to believe that the oligarchy, which
had employed the legislative power for the purpose of
raising the rent of land, by depressing the profits of capital
almost to nothing, should have ventured to put forth, to
those who employed their capital in the business of cultiva-
tion, the gross delusion that their interest would be sacrificed
by extending to the industrious class a controul over the laws
by which industry is regulated. Nor could it enter into
the heart of mar stranger to conceive' that any portion
of the working people should be so debased by ignorance
as to view with indifference an extensive measure of Re-
form taking power from the faction which had deprived
the people of cheap bread, and placing it in the hands of
ten-pound householders, who, whether they live upon the
profits of their capital, or on the wages of their labour, have
a direct and common interest in causing the necessaries
of life to be procured at the least possible expense."
But how aro we to retrace our steps ? It is
admitted on all hands that a tenant about 'to
bark capital on land would be beneFAted by the
removal of all restrictions on the trade in food ;
but the existing race of farmers are under en-
gagements of vattous kinds for longer or shorter
periods ; and though the renewal of the taxes on
production would greatly benefit them in com-
mon with others, yet, if the effect of free trade
should be to lower prices considerably, we fear
thew arc few farmers to whom even a gradual
return to a natural state of things would not
create alarm. That the farmers do not see their
way under the system of unrestricted trade, may
be easily supposed ; and byway of showing how
possesses
many of them feel, we lay before our readers the
anNh
odeservedly
intelligent gentleman.
agriculture,feonlgloaNgveindgmletterorn v
much weight with Iris brethren, and has exten-
sive means of knowing how they are affected
To the EDITOR of the MORNING CHRONICLE.
Sin,—The letter addressed to the Farmers of England.
by Colonel Torreus has excited much interest, as well WEL
account of the importance of the subject upon which it

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;er is connected with a scheme

treats, as from the high character of its author, both as a
political economist and as an able writer upon the Corn
Laws. The purport of his letter is to prove that the
prosperity of all classes of the community would be much
promoted by a free trade in corn. The truth of this. doc-
trine is now pretty generally admitted, and the desidera-
tumis, how this important object can be accoTp.ishFd.
Every project hitherto suggested teems with difficulties,
and, unfortunately, Colonel Torrens's plan seems to render
its attainment hopeless ; for if be, who is so. anxious and
well qualified to point out the way, finds it beset with
almost insurmountable difficulties, those who are less san-
guine may web give up the attempt in despair. Without
entering into calculations, which .6e majority of your
readers could hardly understand, t is only necessary to
state, that his scheme is briefly this—to throw out of cul-
tivation one-fourth of the arable land, to annihilate
rent upon three-fifths of it, and upon the remaining two.
fifths to reduce it to a very moderate average.
Now, much of this, I admit, is possible to be done ;
the present race of farmers may he swept away,
and a new generation would, perhaps, follow, bet-
ter qualified, from the altered circumstances of
agriculture, to succeed; the proprietors also, de-
prived of their: rents, might sink into: insignificance
without serious injury to the country ; but there is
another class not so easily to be got rid of—the labourers
upon the inferior lands that are to be thrown out of tillage,
and upon which lands, as Colonel Torrens truly admits, a
greater number are employed per acre than upon those
which are more productive. Recent events have shown
the evils accruing from a comparatively small surplus of
labourers, and from these a tolerably correct estimate may
be formed of the dreadful consequences to he apprehended
from a fourth part of the rural population being unem-
ployed, and consequently, starving. It is useless to urge
the impolicy of bringing these lands into cultivation ; the
mischief is already done, and we might as well contend
that we have been deceived in our estimate of the advan-
tages of a manufacturing population, and attempt to rectify
the mistake I.y extinguishing the cotton manufacture, as
to throw a fourth part of the land of the kingdom out of
tillage. It is to be regretted, therefore, that Col. Torren's
plan should he founded upon this principle, because, from
its inipraetibility, it precludes all hopes of success.
" As a farmer, I am well aware of the evils of the
Corn Laws, and anxiously desire their removal, but hitherto
I have heard of no plan by which this can be effected, ex.
cept such an abatement of taxation as would enable the
home grower to compete with the foreign one ; the good
effects of every tax abolished would thus be doubled by a
relief from actual payment, and a corresponding reduction
in the price of corn. Persons unacquainted with rural
affairs are not aware of the pressure of taxation upon arable
Land ; a sixth rat of the labourer's wages may be fairly
ntated to go for taxes, amounting to 6s. per acre, the poor,
highway, and church rates 75., and tithes 10s. ; thus
making a total of 235. per acre, without including the
thousand other taxes to which the farmer is subject in
common with the rest of the community.
" I remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
jc Kent, Dec. 5, 1831. " T. B."
We remember one of the arguments of Colonel
Torrens in favour of emigration from Ireland
was, that improvement in agriculture would re-
duce the number of hands employed in it, and
that the outlay of capital on the soil in Ireland,
with a view to a profitable return, would not
afford a remedy for the superabundant popula-
tion. In like manner, the first efforts of the
system of unrestricted trade in England, on the
supposition that it led to any great importation
of food from abroad, would be to diminish the
number of agricultural labourers. Here the
firmer immediately bethinks himself of incen-
diary fires, and an aggravation of the evils which
now spread alarm on the face of the country.
Some other arguments for quieting the appre-
hensions of the farmers, than any yet urged in
she address, must be suggested by the Colonel.
in the meantime, it may be admitted as a gene-
ral proposition, that the country never can thrive
voider the present system, and that means must
be ;levised for extricating ourselves from it the
best way we can. However, in every way, the
substitution of direct taxes for the present taxes on
industry, would be a great benefit, and for agitating
this question the Colonel deserves the thanks of
the country.—Morning Chronicle.
We have received a very interesting report on
the present condition, resources, and beneficial
operation, of the Bank of the United States of
North America, made by its Board of Directors
to the body of stock-holders and to the public,
on the Ist of September last. That establish-
anent, so far from dreading the fullest disclosure
of its affairs, or from enveloping itself in myste•
rious reserve, like an institution nearer home, is
obliged by an article of its charter to lay before
the stock-holders, "once in every three years, an
exact and particular statement of the debts which
,hall have remained after the expiration of the
original credit, and of the surplus of the profits
after deducting losses and dividends." This duty
the Directors have more than fulfilled on the
present occasion, by entering into a general
history of the transactions of the Bank for
several years,—by giving an account of its effect
upon the currency of the United States,—by de-
tailing its connexion with the revenue of the Go-
vernmeot, and by a full statement of the circum-
stances which have advanced its prosperity or di-
minished its profits, from its origin up to the present
period. The document before us, in short, leaves
nothing to be desired in point of information on
t very interesting topic. The capital stock of
the United States Bank consists of 350,000
shares of 100 dollars each, or 35,000,000 of
dollars ;—about equal to 7,000,0001. Of this
fund the Government of the Union owns one-
fifth, or 70,000 shares ; and, consequently,
280,000 arc in the hands of individual propri-
etors. These prorrietors now amount to 4,145,
and are spread over all the States of the Union.
In Pennsylvania the number of proprietors ie
937, and their amount of subscription 52,638
shares. About 80,000 shares belong to 466
foreign stock-holders. The different members
of the Union are holders of this stock, nearly
in proportion to their general wealth or to the
,linount of their commercial transactions. From
the analysis of the list of shareholders, it appears
that this mass of property is widely diffused, and
has no tendency to accumulate in a few hands.
Of the domestic stock-holders 7,66 we holders
of shares below 500 dollars ; 1,449 are hol-
ders of share* fAilow 1,000 dollars; and
2,865 are holders of shares amounting to about
5,000 dollars. As the shareholders are spread
over the Union, so, for the convenience
of the parties, and for the more ez..ten-
sive transaction of business, the Bank by its
branches appears in every State of the confede-
racy. Besides the parent institution, it has 25
offices to manage its transactions in so many
distant localities, and applications have been sent
in from 30 additional places, soliciting the esta-
blishment of new branches. this flourishing
establishment, which has already struck its roots
so deeply in the American soil, and is covering
the Union with its branches, has not yet had 15
yearssof existence. It was planted in 1816 or
1817, and though thus young, has pase4 through
several storms affecting public credit. ft has:
however, resisted them all, and by this report
appears to be gaining strength, and rising in
utility every year. 1 he extent of its operations,
and of the accommodation which it lends
trade, may be estimated from the fact, that on
the Ist of August last it had discounted bills, on
personal security, to the amount of 41,585,298
dollars, and domestic bills of exchange to the
amount of 14,409,179, and held in notes and
specie '27,037,735 ; in short, without enume-
rating, all the items, that its transactions
amounted to 118,993,3'23 dollars, or about

24,000,0001. sterling. The accommodation
which it affords to trade forms a curious con-
trast with that which is lent by the Bank of
England with a capital of double the amount.
The following account of the investments in the
Bank, and of the distribution of its funds, when
the report was drawn, will best explain the
amount and the nature of its business :

VIE INVESTMENTS OF THE BANE.
Dollars. Ct.
Capital paid in 35,000,000 00
The circulation
Dollars. Ct
7,252;219 42
Deposits... t PPruibvlaicte
- 16,368,085 89
Due to individuals in Europe 168,372 72
Unclaimed dividends
Contingent fund to meet losses
Discount, exchange, and interest, including foreign
exchanges 614,685 07
Profit and loss

DISTRIBUTION.

82,165,578 89

Funded debt 3,497,681 OG

LOANS. .1
Personal security
Funded debt
Domestic bills
Foreign ditto 121,214 60
Bank Stock 779,458 07
Mortgages
Debts chargeable to contingent fund 3,452,976 16
60,509,085 88
Real estate
Due from sundry offices and banks 621,523 08
Expellees, &c 259,383 50
Banking-houses
Notes of State banks
Specie 11,545,116 51

82,165,578 89

The real estate here alluded to is real pro-
perty taken in payment of debt, as contradistin-
guished from mortgages, on which the Bank lays
out a very small portion of its funds. This ex-
tensive establishment, though it has encountered
considerable losses, has hitherto flourished be-
yond expectation. It has paid off a bonus of
1,500,000 dollars given for its charter. It
has in hand a surplus fund of 1,750,000 dollars,
and it yields a dividend of 7 per cent. per annum
on the whole of its stock. Every farthing of
its nominal stock has been paid in, even includ•
ing the 70,000 shares held by the Government.
Thus solid in its structure—extensive in its
operations—and profitable to the proprietors, it
has been of still greater advantage to the general
commercial interests of the Union. It was in-
stituted to restore specie payments, which had
been discontinued in most of the States—for
supplying a sounder currency than that of the
local banks, and for giving more uniformity to
the exchanges between the different sections of
the confederacy. It has been wonderfully success-
ful in all these objects. In the first year of its exist-
ence it imported 7,000,000 of dollars to improve
the currency, and since the Ist of January, 1823,
it has sent 12,046,415 of dollars to the Mint,
to be converted into American coin. " The
circulation of the United States bank notes,
amounting to about 20,000,000," says the
report, "is in all respects equal, and in most
respects superior, to any metallic currency of the
same amount. Indeed, there is not now, and
probably never has been, in any other extensive
country, a paper currency comparable to this, '
for the union of all the qualities ofa good circula-
ting medium, perfect security, and easy converti-
bility
value."into the metals, and general uniformity of
This last point is of great importance,
as, before the institution of this national bank,
the currency was disssimilar in almost every State
of the Union; and the exchanges between its
different commercial towns varied as much as be-
tween them and kingdoms in another hemisphere.
Thus, for instance, the exchange between Phila-
delphia and Boston was 17 per cent., between Phi-
ladelphia and New York and so on in other
cases. The inconvenience thus felt in collecting and
transmitting the general revenue, and in all com-
mercial transactions, may easily be conceived.
Here, therefore, is an institution which, by being
founded on correct principles of banking, and
by being managed on the system of frank and
unreserved publicity, has fulfilled all the objects
of its establishment—has purified the local cur-
rencies of the different States—has given uni-
formity to the exchanges—has enabled the gene-
ral revenue to be transmitted to the general
treasury without delay or loss—has aided com-
merce to a greater amount than any bank in the
known world—has given security against the
depreciation of the local currency—and has
never been liable to be abused for political ob-
jects. Surely the report cannot be true, that,
for electioneering purposes, and from an appre-
hension that the influence exercised by the
Bank over the local establishments may be
turned against him, the present President, Ge-
neral Jackson, looks upon this institution with
an evil eye, and is disposed to resist the renewal
of its charter.— Times.

The observations made by Mr. Hume, on
the bringing up of the report on the address in
answer to the speech from the throne, were
characterised by a spirit of independence and
practical good sense of which, we regret to say,
the instances are rather rare even in the present
House of Commons. Great as is the majority
of the House that stands pledged to a full and
adequate measure of Parliamentary Reform,
there are comparatively but few Members of that
majority who seem to think the public expect
of them any very serious and practical attention
to the interests and business of the country, if
they only support the Ministerial Reform Bill.
As to Parliamentary Reform, if the best
measure that human wisdom could devise, and
public virtue achieve, to restore its constitutional
energy to the representation, had already passed
both Houses, and received the Royal assent, it
could only be the means of working good to the
country by enabling the representatives of the
people to exercise a salutary controul over the
acts of Government. But many of the Mem-
bers of the present House of Commons, who ob-
t4n4d their seats upon pledges to support Re-
form, appear to be of opinion that on that ques-
tion their duty to the public begins and
ends. In all questiono of finance—in all
questions of public grievance:, pr bur-
,dens or abuses—in all matters of foreign or
daingstie policy—with the exception of that
one before referred to—they act as if
the public had sent them into Parliament to ex-
ercise neither vigilance nor judgment, nor con-
stitutional jealousy, nor independence a opinion,
iu ePinining and deciding upon the measures of
Ministers. ,As far as they are concerned the
wisdom of .I.\linisters is infallible, and their fie-
tiong beyond Parliamentary pontroul. Not so
Mr. Hume, We differ from that Hon„ Member
in many
those which are connected with t/ig
questions of policy, more especially
principles of
what j.s called political economy ; 'but 1,0 are
bound to do justice to the steady independentx
of character which be has maintained since the
version o' voted
thatparty to power with whom he
genecadly otedNvhen opposition, When we
see Anti-Reformers opposing any measure of the
present Government, on the alleged ground of
public principle and a sensitive regard for the
interests of the country, we cannot give them
any credit for their motives, because we know
that the interests of the country are of secondary
importance in their eyes compared with the over-

throw of the Ministry. The Ministry have cer-
tainly promoted that object of their's by sacri-
ficing their professed principles, on many oc-
casions, to conciliate antagonists who generally
regard their concessions as proofs of weakness
and fear, and treat them accordingly. One
of the most signal instances of departure from
principle committed by the present Alinistry,
with the apparent intention of conciliating their
Tory opponents, was the re-establishment of
that connection with the Holy Alliance which
the late Mr. Canning had severed, and for which
he was vehemently applauded by the Whigs
at that time—many of whom joined his Govern-
ment, and justified their coalition with that
Statesman by referring to his separation from the
Castlereagh policy of the Holy Allance as a
proof of the liberality of his sentiments, although
he was decidedly and obstinately opposed to any
and every measure of Reform. When Mr. Can-
ning recommended his Sovereign to acknowledge
the independence of some of the South Ame-
rican Republics, he took no counsel of the Ca-
binets of the continental despots. He held no
" conferences ;" he issued no protocols ; he did
not pray in aid the genius, the wisdom, and
the morality of the Statesmen of the Metternich
school to enable him to decide a question of na-
tional independence and popular freedom. He
consulted, in this transaction, for the dignity of
England as well as for the interests of humanity,
and he cared not whether it gave pleasure or dis-
satisfaction to the Holy Alliance. We lament the
contrast presented by the line of policy which our
Whig Ministry have adopted with regard to Bel-
gium and Holland. Before they came into power
they professed the principle of non-intervention,
and made it a matter of blame to the Duke of
Wellington's Government for showing even a
tendency to interference. We should act in-
consistently with the part which we took at that
time, as well as since, if we did not concur in
the sentiments expressed by Mr. Hume, when
he said he " could not agree to that part of the
address which related to the interference of this
country with regard to the affairs of Belgium.
He regretted to see that the Members of Go-
vernment, who had always declared themselves
hostile to the principles of the Holy Alliance,
should now turn round and act in accordance
with those principles by an interference with
Belgium and Holland, which neither of the par-
' ties affected by that interference thanked them
for. Holland or Belgium, or any of the conti-
nental Powers, had as much right to dictate the
' terms upon which a separation should take place
between England and Ireland, as this country
had to interfere in the dispute between Holland
and Belgium. The two countries ought to have
been left to settle their own affairs ; and, in
adopting a contrary course, Ministers had not
acted wisely, as regarded the interest of
the country or their own character. It
would be in the recollection of the House
that an increase took place in the military
force of this country last year, avowedly on
account of the unsettled state of affairs its.
Belgium. Why should a British fleet be lying
in the Downs at this period of the winter,
merely because the King of Holland refused to
assent to the treaty framed by the London Con-
ference ? The Belgians protested, and the
Dutch protested, against the interference of this
country, and, by that interference, he contended
the country had, in fact, become a member of
the Holy Alliance, and was supporting its
principles." It is in vain for Lord Palmerston
to say, in answer to such arguments, that if Hol-
land and Belgium had been left to settle their
own disputes, they would have involved Europe
in war. The interference of the great Powers
is much more likely to produce a war in the end
than an abstinence from such intermeddling
policy would be. As to the Holy Alliance, they
have acted consistently with their principles in
assuming to dictate to independent States the
terms on which they are to be allowed to adjust
their own Governments and settle their own
affairs. But at the revolution of 1688 England
disclaimed all connection with such despotic
principles, and, by denying the right of France,.
or any other State, to dictate to her what sort of
Government she should adopt, or whom she
chose to place at the head of it, also disclaimed
on her own part all right to interfere with the Go-
vernments and domestic policy of other nations.
The right by which England indignantly re-
pelled the attempts of a despot to force the
delinquent family of Stuart upon her, is the
right by which Belgium was entitled to choose
her own Government and her own Sovereign, and
was the right by which Holland may justly
disclaim all foreign dictation in her manage-
ment of her own peculiar concerns ; such as her
debt, the navigation of her canals, and the ar-
rangement of territorial limits with Belgium.--
Lord Palmerston says that Belgium chose her
own Sovereign. She did so, in the first instance,
indeed ; but the Hcly Alliance protested against
her having that person as King on whom her
choice fell. There is nothing to be objected to
the person subsequently elected, except that the
nation, being in a state of duress by the threats
of protocols, and military preparations to sup-
port those threats, could hardly be said to be in
a condition to exercise a free choice. There was
another subject on which Mr. Hume found
fault with the King's speech, not on account of
what it stated, but on account of what it omitted.
He said, " the speech admitted that distress
existed in the country, but not a word was said
of the remedy for the distress." We shall have
occasion to allude to this important topic at a
future time. We cannot conclude this article
without alluding to the manly and generous
sympathy for the fate of heroic and ill-fated Po-
land express by Mr. C. Fergusson. That gen-
tleman observed, " there was one topic which
he did not know whether it could have been in-
troduced into the speech, and which was com-
prised in one word—Poland. That subject had
been introduced into the speech last Session, and
he feared that the present silence upon it was
the silence of death. He feared that Poland,
submerged in the blood of her citizens, had fallen
to rise no more. Our Government interfered
with Belgium because the Holy Alliance wished
it. They left Poland to her fate because the
Holy Alliance wished for no interference there !
—Morning Herald.

In answer to a question put by the Marquis
of Salisbury last night in the House of Lords,
the Lord Chancellor was understood to have de-
clared his intention of introducing some measure
ponnt3eted with the Poor Lays in the course of
the present ses4on of Parliament. It will pro-
bably be remembered that towards the close of
the former session his Lordship alluded to the
fact of his attention having been for some time
engag;d on that important subject, which he
professed a solicituda, to meet with some prac-
tical measure of amelioration. What must have
tended to fix the, recollection more strongly in
the mind of every one who either heard or read
of it, was the declaration of the Noble Lord

that, after much and laborious application, he
" thought he could see light." If, indeed, he
can see his way through the darkness and diffi-
culty which have long surrounded the question,
and which the attempts of successive legislators
have only tended to aggravate, he will confer a
benefit on his country to be remembered with
with his own fame, while that country retains
a sense of high qualities and eminent
services. We do not, of course, presume
to know any thing of the measure to which
his Lordship's pledge has reference, but
having observed, with the rest of the com-
munity, the combinations of great con-
templative powers and working abilities ma-
nifested in the intellectual character of the
present Chancellor, we cannot forego the
hope that even in the conflicting principles, the
perplexed details, and the almost hopeless evils
of the present system of poor laws, he will find
more to excite his energy than to repress his ar-
dour. The condition of the poor of Ireland,
which calls loudly for the adoption of some plan
of relief, and which seems to point necessarily to
some species of compulsory provision or poor
law, adds, if any thing can add, to the importance
of the subject. Every one sees that something
must be done for the poor of Ireland ; every one
thinks of poor laws when he thinks of their con-
dition ; but who is there that does not hesitate
and tremble at the prospect of resorting to them
with the knowledge of their consequences here ?
'co counteract the debasing influence of such
laws upon the national character; to correct their
tendency to the destruction of property, as well
as of independence ; to Reform the abuses which
have grown up and flourished under their au-
spices, to an extent which has made even charity
start back, and question the holiness of her own
mission ; to attempt such purposes, much more
to accomplish them, will be to assert the cha-
racter of a patriot upon grounds which neither
genius nor virtue can refuse to ratify. One
sentiment expressed by the Lord Chancellor,
when his attention was called to the subject
last session, is strikingly characteristic of a spirit
accustomed and fitted to encounter difficulties.
We should not despair," said he, " of find
ing a remedy for such evils, great as they are,
until we have made the attempt and failed in
the accomplishment." Certain it is that many
gifted minds have relinquished the subject in de-
spair, and as certain that many, who have shewn
more perseverance, have done little to remove
the impression from the public that the question
is beyond the reach of corrective legislation. The
great fault of our modern legislators who have
hitherto approached the subject appears to have
consisted in a want of comprehensiveness. They
have generally contented themselves with fixing
upon some detached part of the system, without
regarding the system 1 itself as a whole ; but the
time, we hope, is fast approaching when the
question will be brought before Parliament in all
its importance, with a view to its principles as
well as its details, and under the superintendence
of an intellect capable of bringing to its consi-
deration a minute knowledge of its working and
structure, and an extensive acquaintance with
human nature itself.—Morning Herald.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Duc. 8.

Joseph George, late of Hammersmith, omnibus
proprietor, was opposed by Mr. COOKE on behalf of
Mr. Samuel Waldegrave, and was supported by Mr.
WOODROFFE.

The case, which excited much interest, occupied
the Court two entire days. The opposition on the
part of Mr. Waldegrave was objected to on the
ground that a partnership existed between him and
the insolvent. To prove that he was a creditor, and
not a partner, as alleged, he and two other witnesses
were examined. From their testimonies it appeared
that Mr. Waldegrave, who is now in his 70th year,
had formerly been a coach-proprietor, but had re-
tired for many years. In 1830 he became acquainted
with the insolvent, who was at that time a conductor
to a Hammersmith omnibus. In April of the same
year, he set up on his own account, but met with
considerable opposition on the road from the rival
stage-coach-proprietors. He was, however, patro-
nized by the inhabitants of Hammersmith, and Mr.
Waldegrave bought horses for him, lent him money,
and warmly exerted himself in his behalf, having, as
he said, " been possessed by a strange infatuation."
He had assisted the insolvent to the amount of about
2001., and in August last he had two vehicles run-
ning, called " The True Blue" and " The Ade-
laide." At this period the insolvent, to his great
surprise, informed him that he was in difficulties. A
meeting took place, and the insolvent having refused
to execute an assignment for the benefit of his cre-
ditors, he was arrested by Mr. Waldegrave, and in a
few days rendered to prison. It was proved that
he was entered at the Stamp-office as the sole pro-
prietor of the carriages ; and he had admitted to a
gentleman named Wheeler, that Mr. Waldegrave
had been a kind friend to him. Mr. Waldegrave po-
sitively swore that he was not a partner, neither was
there any agreement between him and the insolvent
as to a participation in the profits and losses.
On the other hand, to substantiate a partnership,
the insolvent and numerous witnesses were exa-
mined, as well as several of his creditors.
The insolvent swore that Mr. Waldegrave was a
partner, and that he desired his name to be kept
secret, as lie did not wish his friends to know that he
hail again entered into business. He further stated,
that he purchased an omnibus for 119/, : of this
money he paid 651., and he (insolvent) gave two
bills for the residue.

After the examination of the other witnesses,
whose testimonies were extremely conflicting,
The CHIEF COMMISSIONER expressed himself of
opinion, that a partnership had not been substan•
tiated. His opinion, however, was not conclusive ;
for the creditors, who looked to Mr. Waldegrave,
might try the point in another Court.
The opposition was then ordered to proceed ; and
it having appeared that the insolvent had expended a
sum of 751. which he received since his arrest, he was
adjudged to live calendar months' imprisonment,
under the discretionary clause.

Captain FRANKLAND, R.N., is preparing
for immediate publication an account of his recent " Visit
to the Court of Russia and Sweden." The gallant Captain
was very graciously received by the Emperor Isiacnor.As,
and by the King of SWEDEN. The work is said to abound
in personal anecdotes respecting the leaders of fashion at
Sr. Petersburgh and Stockholm.

SUBTERRANEOUS FOX-HUNTING.--AS a
party were lately amusing themselves with hare-hunting
at at Gale, near Melmerby, Cumberland, they started a
fox, which the pack pursued for upwards of three hours,
when all the hounds, except three from Alston, were
tailed off, and these being joined by a stray hound,
which nn person could give any account of, the four con-
tinued the chase, and were seen in full cry by
shepherds upon Cross-fell ; but, being clon:ly pressed,
Reynard was unable to take up his quarters there, and he
shaped his course for lleickupnich, near D. ufton, in
Westmorland, where they were seen by the inhabitants
of that place; they then turned him again, and he took
his route for Melmerbyscars, and, being closely pursued,
lie entered a level which led into a lead mine, where
ha was run under ground upwards of 100 fathoms, up
the top level, then down a sump of six fathoms, and along
a cross cut eight fathoms, where the men were working ;
Reynard then took his route along a sliding rise twelve
fathoms, and was pursued by the hounds down into the
bottom level, where be was one hundred and fifty fathoms
from the day ; he afterwards made his way to day-light
once more, and was ultimately killed near Blencairn,
after a chase of three days and two nights ! !—Newcastle
Chronicle,