The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-13 00:00:00

SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY +'- NOVEMBEA 13, 1849

nil of all this
is truly lamentable. Goo .It is needless, of course, to say ssaettymthanastit);l7 e'
I) throughout the
whole crew, in some ;cases throw-.
,shout even half of it,
becomes altogether hopeless . Proper discipline is ren-
keed wholly impossible— The character of the entire
service is undermined and jeopardised. We would see
TERMS OF BUSINESS : . 1 these mi,442lAble effects of the present mismanagement
Drawing or Current A.ccounts—One per cent. Interest reclaim. their recurrence sedulously
from day to day, to be allowed en all balances constant for six 1 4' once dissipated, thel
and the safety of
months, of 1001. and upwards; and two per cent. on all such %5, -tad. Not only the inters:,
balances exceeding 200/ ; but the permanent maintenance of any ~.,
Italauee will not be insisted on. This point will be optional with the 1.. neVe" ' but the considerations of national economy
all deposetscastomer. *h.. empire,
Deposit Accounts—Three per cent. reckoned daily, on ' - , ~der this wish imperative. Something
for six mouths, and the interest paid monthly, or accumulated half- coal nine to re.
'-e most valuable class of men in the
yearly, at the option of the depositor.
Cash Credit Accounts will be granted to respectable parties, sup- r‘,:usti be done
and the
:aos ,
t ill considered—our sea-
ported by two or more sufficient sureties :is joint obligors, at five per i.de standing army. Why
cent. interest on advances, and one per cent. commission on the ."
amount of the credit.
Advances or Loans i,n promissory Notes with marketable seed met I'., We have a large
ties readily convertible, will be made at tile rates proportioned to is it We have no perrnanO_t navy ?—a navy
the mainte-
tea nature and value of the security in each case. for the
Discounts of Bills of Exchange will be at the rates of the day. being ,avcolutely requisite f9r
k among the nations, au.
Remittance-3 will be made to, and Bills collected is, any place in
Etisland, Scotland, or Ireland, where there is a banker. Our maritime supremacy. Y
nance, Of our fan
Dividends, se., will be received for customers or strareholders, conserratico of •
without charge. econonci_ c calculation, the matter is de---
No charge will be made for keeping accounts ; nor &n 7 fee nor only upon an
gratuity allowed to be resolved from a customer or applicara by any and demands the earnest
one in the Bank's employment. serving of serious reflect•.;on,
Applcations from several of the ni-itropolitan districts for the os- attention of the Parliament ,'Lila the Admiralty. Let
tablishment of Branch Offices. are now under consideration. er be dependent on
Forms of applications for the opening of accounts, &c., on the not the navy of England any IoCS
cona:nencement of business, are ready to be supplied at the Ba.ak, pr on the fish-
er will be sent by post to any who may require them. the merchant service on the collier;,
By order of the Court of Directors, ing-smacks, on the offscourings of the lavvest haunts
lITIGII INNES CAMERON, General Manager. of our seaports; but let the commander of every ship
Rut in commission know exactly where he may ob-
-1
taio his requisite complement, secure that each
mariner drafted into his vessel is not only able-
bodied. and skilful but honest, well
and cordially attached to his profession. The better
performance of the duties required on board a man-of-
war, the facilities thrown in the way of officers
anxious to increase their complements of men, and
the appreciable enhancement by this means of the
strength of this the strongest arm of the empire,
would soon afford more than mere compensation for
all the disbursements demanded for the support of the
seamen during the intervals which might elapse
between the periods of their engagements. All the
time desired by Jscx for a holiday-gap between
his voyages is simply time enough to spend
his loose cash. So long as he has a shot
in his locker he will continue to have his
fiddler in tow, and his lass on his arm ; but as soon
as the last sixpence is shaken out of his pocket he is
ready to put his best foot forward to work, and chew
his quid in the forecastle. The sailors of England
require no bounty ; they want only a decent show of
justice and attention—this they assuredly have not
had hitherto—this they should and must have hence-
forth.

___-
-----
u. BANI.'
____
lIHE ROYAL BR I I'Ts ... -re ms:tisss,len
This Bank will be OPENED for PURL- NI.
~,s, , end al-
MONDAY, the 19th instant, at Nine A..
The rates of interest, &c., to be charged on advant, 'te state
NC-
lowed on acceunts and deposits, must of course vary with 1... •f i
of the market, and the value of money, which so frequent.':ofihg
tuates ; but at opening, the Directors propose that the fob
shall be their - '

PREVENTION of COUGHS and COLDS.—
Persons liable to attacks of Coughs and Colds, will entirely
escape them by the occasional use of that celebrated remedy,
DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS, which have a pleasant
taste, and never fail to give instant and permanent freedom from all
irritation of the lungs. Upwards of 300 cures of Asthma, Consump-
tion, Coughs, &c., have been performed by this medicine (and pub-
lished) during the last twelve months.
To singers and ionblie speakers they aro invaluable for clearing and
strengthening the voice. They have a pleasant taste.
Price Is. 11-id., 2s. 9d., and I is. per box.—Agents :Da Silva and
Co., 1, Bride-lane, Fleet-street, London. Sold by all medicine
vendors ; of whom also may be had
DR. LOCOCK'S FEW, LE WAFERS,
The only medicine recommended to be taken by Ladies. Have Bo
Taste of Medicine.
Beware of Imitations in the form of " Pills."

~OMETHING NEW.—EVERY BODY SHOULD ASK FOR
I)IPPLE'S MISCELLANY.
Price One Penny, Weekly.
Containing History of the Turkish Empire—The Doings of the
Woedby Farally—Melmoth the Wanderer—My First Proposal—Our
scrap Book Poetic Gems—The Lady's Work Table—Golden Gleam-
ings—Attie Halt—Our Medicine Chest—The Housewife's Guide—
Peueillings from Nature—The Gardener's Friend—Correspondence—
The Sphinx—The Critic, &c.
Loudon : Published at the Office, Holywell-street, Strand ;‘ and
sold by all Booksellers.

'THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Mr. 13. Webster, Sole Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton.
THIS EVENING,
will be performed a new Comedy, entitled THE SERIOUS FA-
MILY. Characters by Messrs. Webster, J. Wallack, Buckstane ;
After which a new Farce entitled THE LAUGHING HYENA.
To be followed by an original Farce called THE GUARDIAN
ANGEL. Mr. Dulcimer, Mr. Keeley; Moggy Snaggs, Mrs. Keeley.
To conclude with the Farce of LEND ME FIVE SHILLINGS.
Duo notice will be gives of the appearance of Mr. and Mrs. KEAN.
The Box-office is ender the direction of Mr. I. T. Archer.

THE.e.fitZ ILOYAL. ADELPHI.
~..'n !sr tke direction of Madame Celege.
THIS EVENING,
_ . _

Having disposed of the fallacies respecting the
"potato blight," "overproduction, and "over-spe-
culation," we now turn to the railway expenditure,
which has been so triumphantly referred to by the
bullionists as the teterritna causa of all the evils under
which the nation has suffered. These modern So-
Lossoms assert " that enormous sums of money, to
the amount of nearly 200,000,0001. sterling, have
been irretrievably sunk in railways ; that the effect
has been precisely similar to that which would have
followed if an equal amount of money had been cast
into the sea—that the nation could not bear so large
a transfer of its " fixed " into its " floating
capital ; " and that money necessarily fell short
when so enormous a drain—to the extent of
from two to three millions of pounds sterling per
month—was continued for a considerable period."
Such are the assertions that have been repeated usque
ad nauseant by these sagacious gentlemen, who
trace the entire ruin of the country to the enterprise
and activity which intersected the country with an
iron network, which almost annihilated time and
space, and gave facilities for travelling to the hum-
blest artizan of the present day that were unknown
to the wealthiest nobleman, even in the commence-
ment of the present century.
It would appear as if they supposed that
gold and silver were the materials chiefly used in the
construction of the railroads, and that what was once
invested could never in any manner be recovered.
They will not believe that there was a continual and
active circulation of the money employed in the pay-
ment of the labourers, or that all classes benefited by
the additional stimulus afforded to trade and com-
merce, and the extra demand for articles of comfort
thereby occasioned. To these persons the employ-
ment of the working classes, and the rendering a
" fair day's wages for a fair day's work," are
calamities of no ordinary magnitude, that should
be averted by any means and at any sacrifice. Better
that the sturdy labourer should waste his time in
unprofitable idleness, that he should su3tain the
utmost privations, dragging on a miserable existence,
badly fed, and badly clothed, a constant inmate of the
union workhouse, than that he should be enabled to
support his family by his own honest industry, and
to become a well fed, comfortably clad, and hard
worked man. . _

Will be performed TiliSiONS OF MARS.
T• be followed by an entirely new Extravaganza, entitled DO.
MEATIC ECONOMY. John Grimly, Mr. Wright ; Mrs. Grumley.
Mrs. F. Matthews.
After which a new Farce, entitled A BIRD OF PASSAGE. Mr.
any Chick, Mr. ►right; Mr. Chaunt Ginger, Mr. Paul Bedford ;
Mr. Charles Posher, Mr. Boyce; Eruest Hopeful, Mr. Worrell ; Mrs.
Waters Rummer. Mrs. Frank Matthews.
To conclide with a new slippery sketch called MRS. BUNBURY'S
SPOONS. Mr. Highbury Barnes, Mr. P. Bedford ; Bob Twinks,
Mr. Wright ; Job Smith, Mr. 0. Smith ; Mrs. Bunbury, Mrs. F.
Matthews; Mrs. Highbury Barnes, Miss Brooks.

ROYAL LYCY..IIM. THEATRE.
Bader the Managemeut of Madame Wart&
sole Le4see, V. Charles Mathews.
THIS EVENING, _ .

Will be performed METIIINKi. I SEE MY FATHER,
To be followed by BEAUTY AND THE BEAST.
To conclude with a comic drama, called A PRACTICAL MAN.
hrca• t •ox;:, Ss.; Upper Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, is.
Yo
!• inv par' of the house.
All applications for Private Boxes roust be made to Mr. Allcroft, 15,
New Bond-street.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Mr. J. M. Maddox, Sole Lessee and Manager.
THIS EVENING,
Will be performed a new Opera, entitle,! CHARLES THE SE-
COND.
To be followed by a new Extravaganza, entitled THE FIRST
NIGHT.
To conclude with a new I;allet entitled LES PATINEURS.

_OVA: Y'S ROYAL A.MPIIITHEATUIS.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
nder the Patronage of her ajesty the Queen, his Royal Manua
Prince Ilbert, Vcc.
Triumphant suctess of the new Equestrian Spectacle of the Prophet,
which has been nightly received with enthusiasm, and von unccd
by the public press to be the must gorgeous hippo-dramatic piece
zvcr produced at the Amphitheatre.
Appearance of Mr. Briggs in Moncrieff's new Extravaganza.
The celebrated Comedian and Clown, Mr. T. Barry, and Mr. J.
Br dges and Madlle. Amine will have the honour of appearing every
Evening

Unparalleled Equestrian Feats.
THIS EVENING,
Will be performed Fitzball's grand Equestrian spectacle, cititled
THE PROPHET, in which Mr. W. West will appear.
let!uwed by an inimitable display of SCENES IN THE
CIRCLE, by the Brit Equestrian talent of the day, in which Mr. T.
Barry will appear.
To conclude with the new Extravaganza called THE PLEA-
SURES OF HOUSEKEEPING AND HORSEKEEPING, in which
the whole Company aid Stud of this Establishment, a long train
of moveable, comprising omnibuses, barouches, go-carts, and other
'vehicles will appear.
.sox-office open from Eleven till Your.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. West.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
In a PAY —Morning, 42 min. after 12 ► Evening, 3after
°ruing, 23 min. after 1 I Evening, 41 min. after

THE WEATHER.--SuN OFFICE, Nov. 13.
THERMOMETER, Loweat, 43; Highost, 48; Noon, 52.

BAROMETER, 29.99.
WIND S. W.—foggy, and inclining to rain.

Of the money invested in railways, about 20 per
cent., or one-fifth of the entire cost, was paid
to the proprietors of real estates, for the
purchase of the land required for railway
purposes. These enormous sums then were merely
transferred from the shareholder to the former owner,
who perhaps paid his debts therewith, or possibly
invested the amount in the very undertaking from
which he received it. That money was not abstracted
from the circulation, nor was it sent out of the
country. Probably no coin or notes changed hands
during the transaction. The entire process in each
case was completed by the delivery of a cheque and
the transfer of certain credits in the bankers' books
from one account to another. It could no
more impoverish the nation than the change of a
purse of sovereigns from the right hand to the left
hand pocket could impoverish an individual. The
same may be said of the Parliathentary and legal
expenses, which were arranged in like manner. The
other, and by far the greater part of the expenditure,
consisted chiefly in the payment of wages to the

different classes of workmen. These payments cer-
tainly required the use of some amount of money,
but it circulated rapidly from hand to hand,
and speedily found its way back to the
bankers to be again drawn out and
again disbursed to the labourers. The railway%
" ;movie" did not usually hoard or make away with
his money. He was paid his wages every week,
and they were scarcely received before they were
handed over to the butcher, the baker, the grocer, the
lodging-housekeeper, the publican, and perhaps, oc-
casionally, to the tailor, hosier, or shoemaker. These
latter persons deriv4d considerable profits from the
3,11 e of their goods to the new class of customers,
but the tradesman did not put by the money either.
In turn they paid it away to farmers or wholsale
dealers, from whom it went to the landlords,
manufacturers, cr merchants, and thence again
to the bankers. Now, no part of these
operations took money from the country.
The articles required for the labourers were chiefly
of home production, and a very small portion indeed
went to the foreigner. The course was as certain as
that of a river flowing towards the sea, fertilising and
irrigating the lands through which it passed in its
progress. In a few weeks at the outside—probably
in a single week—the whole process would be gone
through, and the money restored to the original
custody. If 500,000/. or 600,0001. was thus distri-
buted on every Saturday during a series of years,
not more than a single million, or a million
and a half would be required, and a paper
currency would be just as efficient for that purpose
as bullion, were it not for the absurd and impolitic
law that prohibits the circulation of small notes,
which are found so beneficial and convenient in
Scotland and Ireland.

These opinions are fully corroborated by the testi-
mony of Mr. GURNIEY and of Mr. BLRIEBECK, who so
ably represented the provincial bankers before the
Committee on Commercial Distress. The former
gentleman says, " I cannot in my own experience
trace the effect to the railways. My own experience}
which is in the floating money of the country, has not
led me to perceive much derangement in the circu-
lating medium on account of railways." The -latter,
however, enters so clearly and explicitly into the
'luebtion that we cannot refrain from giving his
evidence on this point in extenso :
gae"i" 5919. Aud, thare hts been, in conjunc-
tion with that, a very largo investment in railways I'
That, I think, would na°
causes have been felt to a serious
degree but fur the other
individual suffering, but it would;noitt
hwaovueldcauhsaevenactaiuonseadl
r still.
in the.
suffering.
5920. Does it not raise the rate of interest
market ?—/slo, it does not, the money is thee
5921. Then you do not think that the calls upon the
country for railway purposes, to the amount of 3,064001.
or 4,000,000/. a month, have had any effect in raising the
rate of interest in the market or producieg it scarcity of

money P—l cannot conceiva that it could do so ; pro-
vided there was a good state of tri, de, Ido n think the
nation would have felt it in the least ; individuals might
have felt it, but not the nation. The money is thcre still.
5922. It goes to landed proprietors, shopkeepers, and
others?—Yes.

5923. Thero is the same amount of railway calls
going on now, but yet money is at the cheap rate you
have described?—Yes. There is n, arly the slme
amount of railway calls.

5924. At the time you allude to money was very
cheap in the market?—lt was.

5925. There was a great difficulty in employing it.—
Yes.

5926. If it had not been employed in railways do you
think it would have gone for investment elsewhere?—
I think a good deal would have gone abroad,
5927. Being kept at home, hive not the labourers
of the country benefited from the general expendi-
ture?—Yee.

BERMONDSE Y U RDEE.

EXECUTION

OF THE

MANNINGS.

5928. And the revenue hai also benefited from that
expenditure?—Yes.

2929. Did it at all lessen the amount of currency in the
d34”try ?—I cannot conceive how it could lessen it.
59301. As you said before, it might hare created some
individual distress?—No doubt it has done so.

5,31. Bat nationally it has not produced any effect?—
No. All that I can charge upon the railways is, that it has
occasioned the difference between keeping a number of
labourers upon gliod wages and throwing them upon the
poor- rates.
And that is all that any candid and unprejudiced
man could charge against them. They have kept
the money in the country, which, in place of being
invested in foreign stocks and foreign produce, as on
former occasions, has been retained at home in the
employment of labour on useful works that have per-
manently increased the capital of the country. It
has benefited the labourers, benefited the shop-
keepers, and manufacturers, and benefited the public
revenue, and the only cost has been the difference of
" keeping a number of labourers on good wages and
throwing them on the poor-rates."
Would to GOD that we had many such works in
progress, and that every man able, and willing to
work, should receive the legitimate rewards of his
honest industry.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

(THIS DAY.)

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The editors of the Paris newspapers met on Sun-
day, to consider the course to be adopted to prevent a
repetition of the insult offered to their body on Wed-
nesday by M. DDPIN, at the suggestion of an
obscure member of the parti-pretre. At the meeting
M.M. LEOPOLD DURAS, EMILE DE GIRARDIN,
BOILEY, and CRATARD, were elected Syndics.
A fog prevailed in Paris during the whole of Sun-
day ; its denseness was such as to obscure even the
gas- lights.
The Veterinary School at Lyons has been re-
opened, but the pupils are not permitted to carry arms
or to wear an uniform.
Several steamers are being fitted out at Toulon to
form part of the expedition against Morocco.
M. DE FALLOUX has gone to Nice.
According to, the last accounts from Algeria, the
Arabs of Zartcha still held out.:
PARIS BOURSE, Nov. l2.—Last Prices.—Five per
Cents., 891. 45c.; Three per Cents., 56f. 75c.; Bank
of France, 2,3501.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 12.

Northern of France, 2 dis.—Rouen and Havre, 9!4—
Sambre and Meuse, 1%.

To-day, in this gretA metropolis, en appalling
crime has been consummated by an appalling
expiation. Once more, for the instruction and
warning of the civilized world at large, has the
inviolability of human life been vindicated and
symbolized by the ignominious immolation of those
by whom it was outraged. Once again inflexible
justice proclaims " An eye for an eye, and a tooth
for a tooth." Swift and unerring oft is the pursuit
of justice. But three short months ago and
the inhabitants of this great city were
horrified by the discovery and details of a
deed of blood, as atrocious as any that has ever
stained, with indelible infamy, its gloomy annals of
crime. Now, after a brief interval, the perpetrators
of that deed, for a time shrouded in mystery, have
been dragged into the light of day and .put to a
fearful end ; and the public mind again sickens at
the spectacle or the recital. Vain alike were the
precautions taken to baffle discovery or to facilitate
flight. A few days more, and all trace of the ill-fated
Patrick O'Connor would have been completely
obli-
terated ; the quick lime would have rapidly done its
work of decomposition ; and the Mannings, husband
and wife, rescued from justice, would have walked
the earth carrying about with them a hor-
rible secret, than which death itself would
have been a thousand times prefdrable.
They might have revelled in the luxuries which their
ill-gotten wealth would have commanded, but their
cup would have been embittered by an ingredient
with which the sufferings and privations of the se-
verest, if virtuous, penury are never mingled. But it
was otherwise ordered, as it ever is in all such cases ;
and outraged Justice has, in the fact which so speedily
vindicates her omnipotence, mercifully rescued her
victims from a life, which, though it might
have given scope and opportunity for repent-
ance, could only have been haunted by a fearful
reminiscence, rendering it intolerably burdensome.
The same amazing infatuation characterised the
perpetrators of this crime which ever distinguishes
the agents and actors in all kindred ones. As if
bereft of ordinary instinct or reason, invariably do
they carry about with them some indelible or damning
evidence of their guilt or complicity. There is
always the spot of blood, overlooked or half erased,
on the :murderer's habiliments,. or some incident,
slight and trivial in itself, constituting often
the only link wanting in the chain which
indissolubly connects him with the crime and
seals his doom. Alarmed at the first appearance
of the emissaries of justice, Maria Manning
sought safety in flight, and but that, with incredible
fatuity, she carried about her person the documents
which established her guilt beyond all question, she
might, in all human probability, long have remained
at large, though she must, sooner or later, inevitably
have been captured. Equally demented was the
partner alike of her crime and her bosom. Weeks, in
which a distant flight might have been achieved,
penniless and destitute though he soon must
have become, were spent in hovering about

the very confines of the land which he had polluted
by his crime, us if he were spell-bound by emotions
which disarmed him alike of common prudence and

hat feeling of self-preservation which is the stronges,

instinct of the human heart. But it is always so.
The circumstances in such cases may be varied, but
the issue is ever the same. There is something
attaching to the crime of murder which defies conceal-
ment, and sooner or later conducts its perpetrators to
the scaffold. By this enormous crime and its
results the world is taught a solemn,
an impressive lesson. It shows to what
a fearful termination the evil passions of our common
humanity, once let loose, may lead. The intimacy
of the Mannings with Patrick O'Connor was an un-
hallowed one—characterized by an insatiate lust on
the one side and the greatest avarice and cupidity on
the other. It is beyond a doubt that, throwing to
the winds the sacred obligations of marriage, and the
sweet and ennobling impulses of chastity, she had

for some time carried on an adulterous intercourse
with the man in whose blood sho eventually
imbrued her hands. Her youth and beauty had from

the first awakened in him the liveliest emotions of
affection, which, though legitimate in the beginning,
found afterwards an unhallowed and forbidden
gratification. For him, who had passed his prime,
and could no longer boast of the vigour or comeliness
of early manhood, she could have had no passion but
an unholy one. Obeying the strong native instinct of
a youthful heart, she united herself in the holy
relationship of marriage with one who was at least
her equal in years and in station. So far her motives
were pure and praiseworthy; but, forgetful of the
requirements of that new relationship, she continued
to yield to the solicitations of a previous amour, and
in that consisted her first great lapse from the paths
of virtue. Nor was her husband blameless in this
matter. He appears to have connived at her intimacy
with O'Connor,and to have stifled the feelings of jealousy
and manly indignation which it would have awakened
in an ingenuous mind, or merged them in the same
mercenary considerations which animated his faith-
less wife. Mark the end I See how, eventually, the
unholy passion of O'Connor, the avarice of his para•
moue, and the baseness of Manning himself, culmi-
nated in that atrocious catastrophe which consigned
the first, " unanointed and unanealed,": to: a violent
death, and al unconsecrated grave, and the two last
to the ignominy of the scaffold. What a stern moral
lesson is here taught to the men and women of this
vast metropolis, and wherever the details of this
horrible crime and its awful retribution shall find
their way. To those who have long held dalliance
with Nice in any shape or form, or who may be
hovering on the verge of crime itself, rightly applied,
" read, marked, and inwardly digested," it may be
the means of snatching them from the abyss of, an
impending doom ; and to those, happier far, who have
never wandered from "the direct forethought " and
the straight line of duty, snay it prove the medium of
confirming them more stedfastly in the choice and
pursuit of virtue, which shall secure to them all that
is delightful, or joyous, or ennobling, in this mortal
life, and the blessed enjoyment of another and a
better ono. " Ile that hath ears to hear let him hear:,
Proceed vs e now to a detail of the circumstances pre-
ceding and attending the execution.
THE LOCALITY OF THE PRISON AND ITS

drop being inconveniently crammed. But even
tt that early hour we found it wholly
impossible to di mare than catch a dis-
`,ant glimpse of thG. irdlows. The narrow en.
rence to Iforsemongar-:.:the was likewise barricaded,
tod none bat policemen and privileged persons per-
Tnitted to pass. Here an immense crowd, collected
in Blackman-street, conten'ed themselves by catching
a remote look at the scaffold. A large staid oe
platform, erected immediately in front of the drop,
in Winter terrace, was crowded with occupants long
before daybreak, and the windows and housetops in
all the surrounding vicinity were crowded with eager
spectators of both sexes.
THE GAOL AND ITS APPEARANCE.
If a person could last night have placed himself
upon some high eminence, and have obtained a clear
perspective view of London, he would have seen,
wending their way along the principal thoroughfares,
between the hours when the great city is ordinarily
hushed in silence, people of all classes andof both sexes,
seemingly bent upon one and the same destination.
Perhaps at a considerable distance from the general
place of rendezvous the echo of the streets was only
disturbed by the hurried tramp of solitary parties of
pedestrians, but as the distance grew less the number
of persons in the streets increased, and the actual spot
to which, as it were, the different streams of moving
humanity ran, was one dense and gigantic mass
of people, filling the roads and thoroughfares,
and covering some of the houses to their very tops.
Strange it is, that the morbid tastes and feelings of
the people to witness a public strangulation are so
great, that remaining throughout the night in the
streets in cold, foggy weather, squeezed on all sides
by the mob, and first pushed one way and then
another, and the probability of being seriously in-
jured or robbed, are not thought too great risks to
encounter, in order to witness the terribly real drama
of which llorsemonger-lane Gaol was the scene this

people—htlf a-dozen silver spoons (taking them out
of the box and holding. then up) ; alse something
that will keep the broker out on a Monday morning
—a 51. note, some small change in the shape of half a
sovereign ; and, once more, gentlemen—l'm really
tired of telling you what you get for a penny—the
mot corr,-,ct portrait of Manning and his wife. Why
won't you buy ? I'll hang myself to-morrow if I am
not ruining myself every one I sell." A loud laugh
followed his peroration, and good-natured people
purchased for the sake of spending a penny. This,
however, is only one instance of the kkd we could
mention. At another spot we saw a lot of big boy F,

little urchins, and girls of all sizes, assembled round
large plank lying in the road, and laughing most heartily
at the people, who every now and then stumbled over
it, the reflector of a brilliant gas-light throwing it
into the shade; and preventing it being seen. Every one,
in fact, instead of being impressed with the awful na-
ture of the scene, seemed to look upon it with a degree
of pleasant excitement ; and singular, strange, and out-
rageous were some of the observations that met the ear.
Some sympathised with the criminals, saying " What
fools they were; they did everything to lead to their
detection ; why didn't they wet the slack lime, it
would have burnt everything, the bones and all, and
left no trace of the body." Others said, "I wonder
if she will die game or confess; she's a brave one,
and no mistake." The chief conversation seemed to
turn upon the probability of their being
filing together ; some thought the beam
was too small for this purpose, and that one would be
allowed to see the other executed first ; and it was
said, if they both appeared together on the scaffold,
the female would try to take revenge upon her bus •
band. Round the prison door a large collection of
boys amused themselvers by attempting jokes upon
persons coming out, some of which were of a very
callous and obscene nature.

As midnight advanced, however, the character of
the mob materially altered, and it was chiefly com-
posed of men who alone could keep their position
and withstand the pressure. The night was cold,
damp, and foggy, and the stoutest must have been
exhausted and worn out before daylight.
The morning broke with a fine clear
sky, slightly tinged with red, and continued
bright until some time after the execution. The
whole area in front of the prison then appeared to
the gaze of those who had but dimly seen it through-
out the night, and from one end of it to the other
there was nothing to be seen but a floating mass of
heads. Persons who had seats to let had posted up
large bills, intimating the fact to the crowd below,
and those who had not let them at a late hour in
the morning adopted the expedient of stating the price
which would be charged.
THE GALLOWS.

morning.
For two or three days past the gaol has been an
object of great attraction, but yesterday, owing to the
near impending fate of the Mannings, the
excitement of the public to see it became greater,
and the neighbourhood was visited by thousands
of people before nightfall. To many, however,
the appearance and situation of the prison must be
comparatively unknown; for, although it abuts
almost close upon one of the largest thoroughfares in
London, it is entirely screened by houses from the
sight of the pedestrian. About half way between
London-bridge and the Elephant and Castle
there is, on the east side of the road, a small
narrow street, which is called Horsemonger lane, and
nearly faces the wall of the Queen's Bench prison,
and although very narrow at the commencement,
about half-a-dozen houses down it opens into a wide
open road. On the right of this road is the gaol; it
is surrounded by brick walls so high that the tops of
the buildings inside can scarcely be seen as
one walks along. In the centre of this wall,
and in a line with it, is the 'entrance-gate,
or tower, which is about 40 or 50 feet from the road.
Upon the roof, which is almost level, is erected the
scaffold, painted in black, and of very simple con-
struction. It stands not in the centre, but at the
west end of this building, close to a stack of chimnies,
and consists simply of a slightly-raised platform, upon
which the fatal beam is fixed. The beam is about
twelve feet long, and supported by two up-
right posts, ten feet or so high. The platform
is enclosed by a wooden railing, except
about three feet at the corner, where steps are made
for the criminals to ascend. At the other end is an-
other platform, a little higher, also surrounded by
wooden rails, upon which the culprits will first make
their appearance, and engage most likely in
prayer with the chaplain before their execution.
Only a few minutes' walk of the prison, in that
direction to which the faces of the unhappy couple
will be turned, and no doubt within sight of the
gallows, is Minver-place, the scene of the dreadful
tragedy for which they are about to pay the penalty
of their lives.
Nearly along the whole front of the gaol is a row
of small houses, called Winter-terrace, each having
about 40 feet of garden in front, and therefore afford-
ing a most unlimited amount of space for the erection
of seats for spectators. It is but justice to state,
however, that of these gardens only two
at the West end had been fitted up for the occasion.
The two houses alluded to were nearly facing the
drop, and the seats for the accommodation of visitors
were fitted up in a kind of amphitheatre style, one
being erected above another; and no doubt the pro-
prietors of them reaped the highest sum of any on the
occasion. The Masons'Arms, to the west of the terrace,
was filled from top to bottom, and the extensive pre-
mises behind running down the corner of Swan-
street had been fitted up with awnings. The win-
dows of the houses between it and the top of the lane
had all been taken out, and were filled with
spectators, and some had ensconced themselves on
the pointed roofs, and very chimney-pots. On
most of the houses placards were fixed intimating
that good seats were to be let.
Thousands of people had assembled at an early
hour last night, and they kept gradually increasing
in numbers until daybreak this morning, when all
approaches to the place of execution were
completely blocked up. Better order was
preserved than could have been expected, owing to
the most indefatigable efforts of the police, who mus-
tered in great force. The crushing and swaying to
and fro of the crowd was terrific, as every now and
then the police had to renew their efforts to keep
clear the space immediately in front of the
scaffold and to prevent the approach of the gradu-
ally thickening mob to the barricades which
had been placed across the entrances of
the different streets. Here were stationed
policemen mounted on horseback, and the kicking
and plunging of the animals they rode were not suffi-
cient to keep back the crowd. Many who had strength
enough to keep their feet, and bear up against the con-
stant pressure and pushing and kicking which they were
subject to throughout the night, were at break
of day so exhausted as to be compelled to quit their
positions, and give them up to those who had more
recently arrived. Towards eight o'clock the excite-
ment of the crowd reached its highest point.
The scene which the exterior of the gaol presented
shortly after dusk last night until long after mid-
night was one which, since its erection, has perhaps
never been witnessed by the inhabitants of the
neighbourhood. The hammer and pickaxe were
going in all directions. About fifty carpenters
and labourers were employed in erecting
strong barricades along the whole length of Winter-
terrace, across the outlets to the different streets, and
immediately in front of the entrance to the prison.
Others were as busily engaged in knocking up seats
in the fronts and tops of houses, and some might
have been seen perched on the fronts of the
roof hammering away at the scaffolding by the
light only of a torch or a flambeau. The
noise of course must have penetrated the cells of the
Mannings, and have given them awful warning of
their rapidly-approaching fate. The dreadful note
of preparation foil the morrow did not, however,
seem to have any other effect than that of bringing
together numbers of idle loungers, whose bearing
was anything but suited for the solemnity
of the occasion. The whole place had the
appearance of the outskirts of some country fair, or
of the streets at the West-end on the evening of a
general illumination. Boys and girls—the refuse of
the neighbourhood, or of the Mint—labouring men,
respectable looking mechanics with their wives, and
no inconsiderable portion of persons of a higher
class, formed the motley assemblage until about
eleven o'clock. Vendors of brandy balls, hot inta-
toes, and pies pursued their vocation with great suc-
cess, and " Cheap Johns" took advantage of the
opportunity to dispose of their wares. One shrewd-
looking fellow of this class, who stood almost imme-
diately under the gallows, and who was surrounded
by a large crowd of gaping people, got rid of his
Mock-in- traiL by me:;..ns of a very ingenious stratagt.m.
To mention it will just give an idea how matters go
on in the vicinity of a prison prior to an execution.
" Gentlemen," sail he, " talk of the Manning?, of
going to California, and of the good times coming,
why here's something that vi iH astonish you all—a
small fortune for a penny ; first, here's a gold wedding
ring, next a beautiful little keeper, gold, of
c.-mrse ; again, a fine shawl-pin, Upon which
you can angfave your crest or initials; also:
something that is really indiipensable to married

The machine of death was erected immediately
over the porch of the prison. It was firm and sub•
stantially constructed, hut it lacked the black cloth
covering that is usually placed over the trap and
planks of the drop of the Old Bailey. Of course it
was the grand point at which all eyes were
directed for hours before the fatal period of execution.
The area in front and all the adjacent outlets were
thronged almost to suffocation, but the precaution of
erecting gout barriers had been adopted to break the
waves of the multitude. These barriers were guarded
by strong bodies of police, whose conduct was beyond
all praise. They resorted to nothing in the shape
of violence to preserve order, using their tongues
rather than their truncheons, and it is gratifying to
know that this new policy of the po-
lice authorities has proved, in this instance
at least, highly successful. Let merit be awarded
then where merit is due, and, acting upon that trite
but excellent maxim, we take leave to award our
meed of praise to the police authorities for the tact,
foresight, and humanity they displayed in the regu-
lations observed at this painful but necessary exhibition.
Little can be said of the form, shape, and appearance
of the gallows itself, further than in point of strength
and position it was well adapted for its fatal pur-
pose. It occupied nearly the whole of the roof
of the entrance-gate to the prison, and from
the north it could be viewed with great
distinctness. A number of chimnies built in stacks
are to be seen at the back and sides of the roof, but
with the exception of those at the back they did not
seem to be in use. Strange to say one 01
those caught fire some half hour before the
execution, and for a time the gallows was com-
pletely enveloped in smoke. Soon after this occur
rence Calcraft and some of the gaol officials
_were ob-
served to ascend the scaffold, and inspect it with mi-
nuteness and attention
THE POPULACE.

Of all the multitudes it has been our
lot to witness and examine at a scene
like this, the most orderly and best behaved was that
which had concentrated itself immediately in front
and around the place of execution. Go where you
would, little of that low ribaldry and brutal converse.
tion which generally characterises such assemblies was
to be heard. It proved beyond all doubt or question that
the admonitions of the press upon this subject have
not been thrown away, and the tone and feeling that
prevailed this morning amongst that immense and
heterogeneous multitude must have afforded much
pleasure to the philanthropist, as it clearly establishes
an improvement in the spirit of the age.
The heinous crime of which the culprits had been
convicted was discussed with calmness and temper,
and while moat people lamented the fate, they did
not deny the justice of their sentence. Here and there
in the gardens, and at the windows of the houses
facing the gaol, were several well-dressed females, but
the majority of them appeared to be abandoned
women in more senses than one. As the momentous
hour approached, the noise and roar of the myriad
voices of the populace somewhat subsided and
died away, when we were not sorry to remark
a few persons who had the appearance of being Dis-
senting ministers, availing themselves of every oppor-
tunity to exhort their hearers to take warning from
this exhibition, and endeavour on every occasion to
pursue, the paths of rectitude and truth. Repeated
disturbances and riot occurred in the course of the
morning, it is true, but it was only natural
to expect as much from so tremendous a crowd being
collected in so confined a space. On the whole,
however, the populace were exceedingly well behaved
throughout the entire proceedings ; and again exp
pressing a hope that the improvement will continue
to increase as time advances, we pass at once to the
final scenes in this shocking tragedy of real life.

No sooner bad the drop fallen than the intelligence
f it was cznve3t-t1 to different parts of the metropolis
y c Irrier pigeons, while, within a quarter of an
our afterwards, the sad tidings of their terrible end
ed travelled far and wide through the very same
lectric wires that had been used to bring one of
them to justice. At the very time these
wretched beings were descending to their graves
he sun shone out with unusual warmth and splen-
dour for this period of the year, falling directly upon
the lifeless bodies as they swayed to and fro in the
':teen morning air, and lighting up the white caps that
concealed the features. The great mass of the spec -
tators dispersed soon after the criminals had ceased to
xist and their struggles had terminated; but still an
immense number of people loitered about the spot,
gazing at the ghastly spectacle above them till the
hour bad expired and the bodies were removed.

4UTIIENTIC CONFESSION OF

TANNIN G.

The Rev. Mr. Rowe, the chaplain, favoured the
reporters of the newspapers with an interview at noon,
and read to them Manning's confession, as dictated
by the murderer himself. It was as follows :

On the 15th of March in the present year, I left my
lodgings, 41, Castle-street, Regent-street, for Guern-
sey, where I remained three weeks. During my
thsence my wife took possession of the house, 3,
Ainver-place, at Lady-day. I returned from Guern-
sey on or about the sth of April, landing at
iouthampton, from the Dispatch steam-packet.
Mr. John Coleman, the owner of No. 3, Minver,
place, required a reference, and my wife referred him
to the deceased Patrick O'Connor. On the Sunday
night after entering No. 3, Minver-place, O'Connor
slept in that house, and promised to return on the
following night with his boxes, but did not keep
Isis promise. On the following Thursday he
mme and told Mrs. Manning that ho had
sltered his mind, as he thought that Manning
And himself would not agree, as he Manning might
,me night return home drunk and make a disturbance
with him. Maria Manning replied that he, O'Connor,
was_no man nor worthy of the name, and said that this
was not the first time he had served her in this man-
ner; that he was the sole cause of her taking the
3 King John's Head," at Haggerstone, by which 1001.
vas lost ; that he had once before induced
her to take a house in the Mile.end-road, and that he
might depend upon this, that he should abide the
cmsequences—stating, at the same time, that she
herself was the same as her own forefather was, who
lespised a man upon whose word he could not depend;
snd that she herself would sooner see the devil enter
than one on whom she could not rely.
Shortly after the three weeks, dating from the
24th of July, had elapsed, my wife made a claim
ipon O'Connor of the payment of what she consi-
lered to be due from him of the three weeks'
lodging, and summonsed him to the County Court,
Osborne-street, Whitechapel, for the same. The day
previous to the summons O'Connor came to Mayer-
91ace, and paid 80s. for the three weeks to my wife, in
my presence,and apologised for his not taking the lodg`
ngs, saying that he was alarmed at the idea of giving
ny wife too much trouble, and trusted that we should
iot be bad friends in consequence. I replied
chat it was a matter of indifference, as
;he object of his lodging there would be of little
foment. I then said I had been informed
„hat he had spoken disrespectfully of me, and that if
[ could be certified of it, I would bring an action
sgainst him for defamation of character. He almost
shed tears, and solemnly declared that he had always
spoken of me in the highest terms, and held out his .
hands to shake hands with me. He begged and en-
treated of me to take a glass of porter with hires
and to smoke a pipe. I then said " O'Connor,
' I owe you not the slightest animosity, and
never did." He frequently asked me by whom I
had learned he had spoken disrespectfully of me, but
to this I gave no reply. It was, however, my wife
that had told me so, but begged of inc not to name it
to O'Connor that such a thing had been the case.
O'Connor left the house, and we parted good friends.
When he was gone my wife said, " That old villain
has been the cause of my losing much money, and I
am determined as I am a living woman
in this room, to have revenge upon him." I
asked her what :she meant. She said, " I will
shoot him if I am hanged for it, as he has
deceived me many times." I then expostulated with
her on the impropriety of her conduct. She said
a there was no more harm in shooting him, than in
shooting a dog—that he was a perfect brute. 1
said, " Do in the name of God banish such thought*
d from your mind." Her answer was, "I will now'
inform you of the plan I shall adopt. I shall
frequently ask him here to dinner, and go to his
home very often, to endeavour to ascertain
the amount of money he has in his possessions
las also the number of railway shares he has ; that
she was quite certain he had foreign bonds to the
* amnunt of COOL which she herself could dispose of,
as that was no home:to them." O'Connor did come
frequently to dine, and she did visit his house about
twice a week up to the time of the murder. She
went and found O'Connor tipsy one evening at his
house ; she came home and informed me that she had

seen him quite drunk, be having taken brandy at the
Docks as a remedy for cholera; that he went into bis
bed-room and brought out all his scrip and
bonds and showed them to her, solemnly declaring
to her that he had made a will leaving her
1,3001., and had so made it that Manning should have
nothing to do with it after her death. She said that
she believed what the old villain had stated to her was
'a great lie, having an assurance that he would never
leave her a shilling—that she was quite contented
having seen the amount of money he possessed.
"Now," she said, "I shall begin to get things. ready
to cook his goose." This took place about the 20th
of July. At that time I was offered a
4ituation at Messrs. Gover's, stationers, Hol-
born-bars, as :their town and country
traveller, at a salary of 2/. per week, and a per
tentage upon the goods sold. I then said, " Banish
all these thoughts from yourmind as regards'O'Connor,
A 5 this was an excellent situation, and I might be
enabled to save a great deal of money." She said,
"You fool, you will never be able to save the amount
which I shall by murdering that:O'Connor, and if you
'eke that situation you will be whoring about with
the women of London land in the country—that if
took it she would follow me to every par-
of London I visited, and that I had better
let her follow out her plan, as she was determined to
have her revenge out of the old vagabond- I per•
.4 isted in going to see Mr. Gover. She locked away
my coat and hat to prevent my going. She said,

" Now I shall prepare his grave." She went and pur;
3hased a shovel at an ironmonger's•shop itn Tooley'
,treet, and began next day to dig the grave, which
was completed between a fortnight and three week°
previous to the murder. O'Connor had been in the
kitchen three or four times after thegrave was finished.
ind in walking over it frequently made observationo
to to what:was being done. She told,•him that Mr'
Coleman was having a drain altered, and O'Connor
observed that it was a long time in action. She said
there Was a great deal to do, and the men were not
constantly at it. The reason of his going to the
kitchen was to wash his hands previous to 11111
taking tea or; dinner in the house. On the
26th or 27th of July my wife get ler
Massey to write a letter to Patrick O'Connor
which was to the following effect :
" Dear O'Connor,—l shall be happy to see you t°
•line with me and my sister, as she has come froro
Derbyshire to stop a few:weeks with me, and she will
f)e.most happy:to be introduced to you. Dinner will
le ready at half past five. If you are engaged drop
,ne a line. Trusting you are quite well,
" I am, dear O'Connor, yours ever truly,

" Whx.F.hasswir.
"3, Minver place, New Weston-street, Bet'
.nondsey"
O'Connor came on Thursday, the 26th of July, the
ime specified in the note. When he came into the
louse he asked for Miss Massey and her brother'
Vly wife said they had just gone out, but expected
hem to return in time for dinner. I was sitting in
he parlour with O'Connor, relating to him rnY
-ention of bringing an action against two men at
raunton for defamation of character. During this
ime my wife called me out of the roo:
uid asked why I did not leave the room, as she
Nanted to get him itito the kitchen to cook 1)19
loose ;" upon which I said I would not have all

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