The Sun.
London, England, 1838-06-05 00:00:00

NEWSPAPER STAMPS.

%ow ir...1

(From the Parliamentary Returns.)
A Rett yr i of the Number of NEWSPAPER STAMPS at
One P. anny and One Halfpenny issued to the several News-
papers a n England, Scotland, and Wales, from the Ist De-
cember 1837 to the 31st of March 1838 inclusive ; specifying
each Ne wspaper by Name, and the Number of Stamps is-sac(4.
each M onth during that period to each Newspaper.

EXTRACT.
Lt )NDON EVENING NEWSPAPERS.
The 3 3n...Dee. 1837 ...... ......... 102,000
Jan. 1838............... 111,000
Feb. 1838........, 96,000
Mar. 1838......,,..„.... 'lll,OOO

Standard... Dec. 1837.., ---
78-f:J00
Jan. 1838.
Feb. 183 F, lOO,OOO
Mar. 18°,8 lOO,OOO

---
Globe DEC. 1837 72,000
Jan . 1838 90,000
Fr b. 1838 72,000
Ylar. 1838 72,000

420,000

383,000

''oath: r..... Dec. 1837..
Jan. 1838 39,000
Feb. 1838 ......... 33,000
Mar. 1838 33,000

,`,306,000

136

,000

HIGH WATER AT LONDON FRIDGE TO-MWARONV-.
M0rning........ 19 minutes ati-er 0 I Evening 47 tr.mutrs otter 0

The publication of Trig SUN ♦'NEWSPAPER ccmmenced this day
at 10 minutes past Three (1' Clock.

7
ic,„.cor isS,„-1,24
,-,

axm.

WITH WHICH
" THE TRUE SUN" IS NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
TUESrJAY EVENING, JUNE 5, 1838.

We muse dwell on the unhappy disturbances at Canter-
bury, becar .se it adds one to the many proofs of the mis-
chief whir ;11 the established Church of England now in-
flicts on the community. The whole of Catholic Ireland,
Dissent in England, and even Presbyterian Scotland, not-
with,l.anding the labours of Dr. CHAMBERS in behalf cf
the Established Church, will consider this lamentable event
in 'connection with it. The Catholics and the Dissenters
are exposed to: serious political grievances for its bellied;
.11the Preebytesians, and particularly the Seceders, are placed
-somewhat bebew the members of the Established Church, at
least in spl..endonr and destinction, and they w ill think
of their humiliating position when they trace in the
events a't Canterbury its true character. To Ireland poli-
tical 'ireedom with equality of rights is denied that this
Church may be continued in its insulting superiority.
On. the Dissenters a grievous burden is imposed to keep
la order temples which cannot, at least, save the people
from the grossest delusions. It is not, in fact, amongst
the peasentry only that they have prevailed, but thousands
in the Cathedral sdty itself—the very heart of the Church
—placed a c'onfidence in the lunatic quite equal to
that of the 'ignorant peasants. Well may the Dissenters
object to, Church-rates, and the Catholics to tithes for the
suppe,rt of such a Church, not only on account of the pe-
cureary loss, but because the institution promotes igno-
ra'ace and fanaticism. It would be a mistake indeed to
'suppose that the existence, in such a remarkable extent, of
these qualities, in and about Canterbury, is an accident ;
they are the consequences of the exertions continually made
by a numerous body of well-paid Clergy to prevent and tocrush
every kind of knowledge hostile to their domination, and of the
only instruction which they vouchsafe 'to give. When the
•whole of our internal policy hinges on the Established
Church—when its influence retards political improvement
—when it can almost make and unmake ministries, and at
least can control their actions—such lamentable and rnu!ti-
plied proofs as we now have of its baneful effects on the
.aracter of the population are of great political importance.
Under that aspect the events at Canterbury will be consi-
dered in every part of the empire.
The Herald of this morning, in an article which we in-
zed, and of which we can speak only with approbation,
offers a sort of defence of the first arrest Of COURTENAY,
by saying that " it is an offence against the law and the
QUEEN'S peace, for a number of persons to be riotously and
routously assembled, and to go about the country armed
with bludgeons in such a manner as was calculated to
Create terror in the minds of the QUEEN'S subjects." That
may be the law, but some depositions before Magistrates
are required that persons have riotously assembled before
warrants can be issued to arrest them. A Magistrate being
present on the spot, and witnessing the breach of the
public peace, may arrest the offending individuals ; but
" Magistrate was present, no depositions appear to have
been taken, and no proper precautions were adopted after
the warrants were issued to ensure the peaceable and suc-
cessful arrest of the lunatic. But what if there should have
been no such warrants issued ? Before the Coroner, as
reported, MEARS, the constable, swore that he went to
" execute three warrant: ;" before the Magistrates yester-
day,at Feversham, presided over by Dr. POORE, the principal
agent in the whole proceedings, and who must have known
whether MEARs was stating what is accurate, he deposed, we
presume on oath, "that he went with his brother to execute
the writ against COURTENAY." D. EDWARDS repeats these
words also, we believe on oath, and states that " he went
with the last witness to execute the writ on COURTENAY.'
We cannot suppose that this word twice repeated in the
presence of Dr. POORE, is an error ; and if it be not an
error, COURTENAY was to be arrested or. a civil writ, not
on a criminal warrant. That circumstance, with the total
absence of all proof that any depositions were made before
any Magistrate, to justify the issue of warrants, makes us
repeat that we see no good reason for the first attempt to
arrest COURTENAY, and no legal proof, nor shadow of
legal proof has been exhibited, that prior to the brutal
murder the lunatic had been guilty of any legal offence.
Our Contemporary has properly directed public atten-
tion to the Fact of COURTENAY having been notoriously
a madman, which rendered him legally incapable of com-
mitting a crime, and it opens up the doubt how far the
deluded and lunatic followers could be considered in the
eye of the law legally accessaries, when in its eye no crime
had been committed. But if that be a correct view, and if
the Magistrates even suspected that Coo RTENAY was a
madman, how much does that enhance the folly or even
the guilt of the second hasty and injudicious arrest. It must
have been known to the Magistrates that only COURTENAY,
end at most one of his followers had fire arms ; they must
have been aware that the number of the deluded did not
exceed forty ; they had a hundred well-trained and well
armed soldiers ; they had a con,iderable number of civil
assistants, constables, policemen, and book-keepers, also
armed, at least as well as the forty ; they had all the peace-
ful community around with them ; and to us, therefore, it
appears that their mode of attempting to arrest the madman
and his deluded followers was wholly unwarranted. They
will have to answer then to the country for the blood which
has been shed, while some of them, we see, are presump-
tuously and wickedly talking of she :ding more.
While the Herald adopts and enforces out:view as to the
conduct of the gallant but unfortunate Lieutenant BENNET,
it is hardly, we think, severe enough on the Reverend
Doctor POORE, by whose directions the soldiers loaded
their muskets with ball, and who gave the magis-
terial order to take COURTENAY dead or alive. The hasty
proceedings of this Reverend Gentleman, whether the off-
spring of terror or fiery courage we cannot say, seem to us
to be most to blame. By the Court yesterlay over which
he presided, a man of the name of NEWMAN, apprehended
by mistake on a warrant issued by the Rev. Dr. POORE,
was discharged, after three days loss of liberty and
loss of labour, That is only one of the Reverend Ma-
gistrate's mistakes ; and we should like to know how
this poor victim of clerical and magisterial negligence
is to be compensated for his sufferings ? We think the
fact, however, of the committal by mistake is of the utmost
importance, as a confirmatory evidence of the manner in
which the Magistrates have acted throughout the transac-
tiers. But after the Rev. Dr. POORE gave orders to take
COUItTENAY dead or alive—after 're had :ed one hundred
armed soldiers, and a number of other followers, against a
band of kty unarmed and deluded countrymen, headed by

a lunatic—after, through his instrumentality, several of these
unfortunate men had been killed and several wounded ;
idtiu- he had, acting in the name of the law, caused one man
to be imprisoned wrongfully for three days, he tellS some of
the survivors who are not to be hanged, as their com-
panions may T,l.obably be, and who 7vere discharged, to
" recollect not only that the law has extended its mercy to
ycu, but also that you are bound to shoa• gratitude for it."
The Rev, Or. PooltE speaks of these men as if they had
coratrated a great crime, in having been deluded by a lama-
' lie into a belief that he was endowed with miraculous
power ; and he supposes that they ought to show gratitude
to the law, because they were neither shot nor hanged for
their folly. How long is it since the Rev. Gentleman
ascertained that such a belief is a crime ? As for the law,
the poor, deluded, neglected peasantry could only know it
as he administered it, and he had sent one man to prison
by mistake, and had, by means of a large body of
military, put to death, in the name of the law,
a number of persons whose chief offence consisted
in having been deluded into the belief that ano-
ther Messiah had come to relieve them from their poverty
and wretchedness. Such language and such sentiments
may °possibly suit the very ignorant and mueli-dduded
persons in and about Canterbury, but it will 'be watched
and weighed by the intelligent inhabitants of our large coif.
mercial and manufacturing towns, and among them will find
no sympathy. Before men can be grateful to the law, it must
become just, and must he administered in wisdom and
mercy. To preserve the obedience even of mankind, to
say nothing of their gratitude, the law must bear a very
different character from that which it assumes as admini-
tered by the Reverend Dr. PouRE.

As the Copyright Bill goes into Committee to-mor-
row, it may not be amiss to draw the attention of
Honourable Members once more to sonic of the
main points of the question. On the principle of
the Bill little need be said, as that has been already
recognised and approved of by the House in a former stage.
Nobody whose opinion is of any value now ventures to call
in question the propriety of relaxing the fetters which an
unjust law has imposed upon literary property, and of re-
storing to authors, if not the full measure, at least of a
portion, of those rights which before the passing
of that law they enjoyed, in common with tile
other classes of their fellow-citizens. We hear
no one now pretending to say that for an author
to possess the exclusive right of selling the single
crude which he himself creates is a monopoly, or the same
tieing as if a trader were to engross the entire sale of a
conzmorlity. Neither is it now whispered, that because the
proposed change in the law may by possibility make books
a little dearer to the public than they would otherwise be,
therefore a principle manifestly unjust and oppres-
sive towards authors once intro3uced must be perpe-
tuated ; inasmuch es it has been hammered into the heads
of objectors of this class, that by a very simple pro-
cess, namely, the repeal of the duty on paper, not only
would the whole evil of this much dreaded contingency be
avoided, but books would be made much cheaper, and tile
claims of justice maintained inviolate. The argument
drawn front the inestimable value of knowledge to the
people, and the consequent impolicy, nay injustice, of tax-
ing it, has been given up as untenable, since it involves
this startling paradox, that those who are the creators cf
this invaluable and indispensable commodity, and therefore
by r.o very strained inference, the greatest of all public
benefactors, are to be made the Gibeonites of the commu-
nity, and treated as if they were unworthy of the protection
which the law extends to all other men.

All these ridiculous phantasies have disappeared, and
the objections of the publishers arc now limited to what
is called the retrospective tendency of the Bill. The
adoption of this term is a cunning device. A retro-
spective law carries with it a prejudice. Its very
name implies injustice, and therefore it is no bad policy in
the opponents of the Bill to christen it by this opprobrious
name. But, as has been well shesvn by a Morning Con-
temporary, from whose columns we have extracted an article
on this question, and whose cordial and able support of •
this measure does him great credit, there is in the
Bill of Mr. Sergeant TALFOURD nothing whatever of a
retrospective tendency. If the Bill be made retrospective,
it will be by the introduction into it of the absurd and tin-
' just amendments of Sir EDWARD SUDDEN. We have,
however, no fears on this head. We arc sure that in a
question, divested as this is of all party feeling, the Legisla-
ture will decide according to right.

We find that Colonel THOMPSON has offered himself for
Yarmouth, to defeat a compromise by which Mr. BARING, the
rejected Tory candidate, was to walk in by tying up some of
the leading Reformers of that town. The Gallant Colonel
is a sound Reformer, and his writings have been of very
great value to the important cause of Free Trade, and the
abolition of the Corn Laws. There was only one thing
against him, and that was his conduct at the last Maryle-
bone election. As this matter appears to have been cleared
up by the Parliamentary Agent who represented him at
Yarmouth, there is now nothing to prevent our most cor-
dially wishing him success, and that he may soon again
take his constant seat in the House of Commons to vote
for the just interests of the people.

We are not without hopes that the late occurrences in
Kent will be followed by good results. The ignorance of
our rural population, particularly in the South, has been
long admitted, but never manifested to such an extent, or
with such alarming symptoms, as within the last few years.
It was the chief cause of those incendiary fires which broke
out among the men of Kent—which spread over so many
counties in the South, and which, like the last outbreak,
caused the needless sacrifice of so many lives. None but a
people who, according to a Tory paper, are objects of the
deepest commiseration for the profoundness of their igno-
rance, and their worse than barbarous credulity, would
have had recourse to such deeds of folly, in order to better
their condition. Talk of the ignorance and superstition of
the lower classes in Catholic countries, after this The
Catholics in Ireland, and Spain, and Switzerland, and
France, for whom our Bible Societies display so much
solicitude, may well wonder at our folly in attempt-
ing to communicate to them useful knowledge, while
we leave our own bold peasantry sunk in the lowest
depths of ignorance, and our Protestant clergy raise their
voices against allowing any education to the people of Ire-
land, but on conditions similar to those on which it is corn-
munieated to the men of Kent. The reformation has
been productive of great benefits only in those countries
where it has been carried out in the true spirit of
Reform. In Holland, Germany, and Scotland, the
lower classes have been benefitted by it to an in-
calculable extent, but in England it has hardly
commenced. The English Church is practically
as dogmatical as the Catholic, and though professing to
Mach the people, and to allow every man to judge for him-
self, it virtually keeps the great proportion of the lower
classes in as profound ignorance as the POPE or any
Catholic Prelate could desire. It acts " the dog in the
manger" in the most beautiful manner. It will neither teach,
nor allow others to teach. We knew with what determina-
tion it opposed the inquiry, instituted by Lord BnoucHam,
into the abuses in educational charities, over which the
Clergy alone preside—what obstacles they throw in the way
of national education for Ireland—and we also know that
this will oppose Lord BROUGHAM'S Education Bill, unless
so cut and carved to their own fancy, and so mutilated as
to be worse than useless. Our consolation, therefore, for
the late calamity is, that if it will not change the disposition
of the Clergy, it will open the eyes of the landed proprie-
tors, and convince them that they cannot expect to remain
in a state of security, while the great mass of the people are
incapable of judging between good and evil, and liable to be
excited into mutiny by every designing fanatic.

Our Portsmouth Correspondent has forwarded to us files
of New York, Charleston, Boston, and Montreal Papers—
the latest of the 10th ult.—brought by the packet-ship
Montreal, which arrived there yesterday. The Charles
ton journals are of the 3d—the day set apart as a solemn
fast to propitiate the awful vengeance of Heaven, believed
by the inhabitants to be manifested in the late destruc-
tion of their beautiful city. It was calculated that
about one thousand fine buildings were destroyed, of
which half the inmates were slaves. The loss was
estimated at four millions of dollars. Croributions for
the relief of the sufferers were pouring in from all quarters ;
and in every State a willingness had been maniestA to al-
leviate the distresses of the people of Charleston by Ilbera
subaeriptions. Columbia, i❑ the State of Cincinnati, con

tribute(' 9,600 dollars ; Augusta 6,000 dollars, and three
individuals had given 2,700 collars tcwar(ls the relief fund.
As far, therefore; as regards property, the inhabitants of
Charleston will soon find themselves in as prosperous a
condition as they were he7ore the late destrucf ve fire.
But while covering thf_msolves with sackcloth and ashes—
while acknowledging the chastising hand of a merciful GOD
in the late calamitous visitation—is it not strange to behold
the consciences of the citizens so scared as to blind them
to the enormity of the slave traffic ? In the penitent enu-
meration of their sins, wherefore is the imposition of letters
upon their fellow-creatu:es omitted? _ _ _

The papers from Lot;•er Canada are of the 7th of May,
but they bring no news of interest. The St. Lawrence
was then na%izable as high up as Montreal. Maitial law
was wholly abolished in the Lower Province. .

From New York our. intelligence relates exclusively to
the state of the Money Market on the first resumption of
cash payments, which took place on the 9th. This event
would have caused a great stir had it not been for a large
shipment of gold to Philadelphia on that day, which ab-
sorbed all the attention of commercialists and journalists.
We copy from the city article of the New York Daily
iVhig of the I Oth, the following paragraph respecting it,
penned, of course, the day preceding :
This morning there went to Philadelphia nearly two millions of dollars
in foreign gold. Two explanations of this movement have been given.
Our paper says that it was bought by the agent of the Bank of the United
States of Pennsylvania. Another journal goes into a long and plausible
disquisition upon the relations of the United S'ates Bank and the Bank
of England, and intimates that this movement is in some way connected
with the cotton market and a reconciliation of the cliiferences behsecn
Mr. Jaudon and the Court of Directors. The Commercial bolds the fit st
opinion, or rather advances the statement as matter of fact. The Express
puts forth the latter argument, and there is a good deal of plausibility
about it. Our own opinion, however, inclines to the :tatemcnt that the
vain was purchased by the agent of the Banh. Of one thing we may be
assured, that if this has been the nature of the transaction, no great gain
has been realised by the impot tation.
The same writer states that the prosircts of Banks
under the general Bank law, just adopted, are en3ouroging.
In his opinion, were the capitalists to rouse themselves and
trust one another, they could realize 15 per cent. on their
investments. There was some talk about the getting up
of a petition in Wall-street, praying Mr. BIDDLE to esta-
blish a Bank in New York, but we know not what degree
of credit we ought to attach to it. Specie to the amount
of 350,000 dollars had been brought from London to New
York by the packet-ship Wellington. Other sums were
in the course of transfer from the Southern States. Never-
theless, there was a sort of panic that BIDDLE would
swal!ow up all the gold and silver as fast as this currency
could make its appearance—nay, that he would devour all the
precious metals in the vaults of all the great houses in New
York. So much for the effect of his terrible letter upon the
mercantile imaginations of the New Yorkers. The following
is a summary of the Rate of Exchanges and the Prices of
Stock, in Wall-street, on the 9th—a few Lours after the
resumption of specie payments :

SALES AT THE STOCK EXCHANGE, MAY 9.
50 Shams United States Bank 1 day 1164
50 do. do. do 1 this week 116
50 do. do. do.

50 do. do. do. ... 8 3 days 11G
20 do. Bank State of N._,v York .• 1 day 93
10 do. do. do cash 91i
40 do. Mechanics Bank 1 day 100
60 de. Pliconix Eank 1 day 101
'25 do. Delaware and Hudson Canal ..
71
100 do. Long Island Railroad Co bGO days 571
Treasury Notes, 2 per cent., SOO dollars 99,4
Do. do. bearing 5 per cent. int., 500 dollars
Do. do. bearing 6 per cent. int. .., 99i
NEWPORT, MAY 7, 1638.
SIIIPWRECK.—The schooner Jasper, Hambletnn, of and for New
York from Boston, went ashore on the east end of Block Island, on Sa-
turday morning, at three o'clock. The schooner has bilged, and will pro..
bably be lost—the cargo will mostly be saved in a damaged state.
They made a bonfire of all Marryatt's works to be found at and near
Lewistown, New York, because the Gallant Captain gave the Caroline
toast at Toronto.

By the arrival of the Braganza steamer at Falmouth,
on Sunday from the Tagus, we have received adv ices from
Lisbon of the 30th ult. The Custom-House receipts
were rapidly declining, owing to the high-rate of the tariff,
which afforded every inducement to smuggling. The
Portuguese Government had not signed the Slave Trade
Suppression Treaty with England, so that our Government
will be compelled to adopt compulsory measures to carry
its provisions into effect. In the Southern Provinces the
Miguelites are again disturbing the peace of the quiet vil-
lages.

The Paris journals of Sunday have ail been received, but
their contents are of no political interest. In the Chamber
of Deputies on Saturday a pension of 100,000 francs was
voted to the widow of MURAT, the ex-Queen of Naples,
and sister of NAPOLEON, now recognised as the Countess
of Lipona. It is remarkable that the Countess' relation-
ship to the EMPEROR was admitted on all sides to give her
a claim to the beneficence of France. During the de-
bate the memory of MURAT was branded for his in-
gratitude to his Imperial Master, while NAPOLEON was
spoken of as one of the most illustrious names in the annals
of Europe. As MITRAT's property in France has been
confiscated to the use of the reigning Royal Family, the
KING, to silence the clamours of his widow, supported the
measure with all his influence.
Letters from Hanover, of the 28th, announce the cele-
bration of the birth-day of the Crown Prince on the day
preceding. The Prince was complimented by the several
Foreign Ministers at present in Hanover.
We have no news from Spain later than the 27th
ult. M. GAitcrA had then proposed to contract for a
loan of 2,000,000,000 of reals, payable in monthly instal-
ments, 25,000,000 of reals at 5 per cent. interest, provided
that as security for the repayment of the principal and in-
terest the product of all the mines in the Peninsula be
made over to the contractors.
Annexed are the only extracts in the Papers worth
communicating :

A letter from Toulon, 29th May, giving an account, dated from the
Camp of Medjez Hamer, of 17th May, of the operations of General
Negrier, says General Negrier had scarcely returned to Constantine,
when he learned that the Ex-Bey, Achmet, having collected under his
orders several thousand Kabyles, had: just made an unexpected attack
on some tribbs subject to France, which were plundered. The moveable
column was to quit the city again, and march against Achmet, who will
doubtless retreat into the desert of Biscara on the approach of our
troops.
Some shocks of an earthquake have been felt at Constantinople ; hap-
pily no damage was done. The expeditionary column has arrested three
Arabs who are accused of assassination.—Journal des Debats.
BAYONNE, MAY 30.—1 t is reported that the Court Martial, consisting
of general officers, which was sitting in the village of Arbudenza, to try
Generals Elio and Zariategui, has passed upon them sentence of death
for high treason. It is affirmed that immediately after the communica-
tion of the sentence to the troops, the Navarrese battalions and two
squadrons stationed at Villa Tuerta, mutinied, and proceeded, without
officers, against Estella!
The division of General Diego was on the 25th at Olcoz ; the
brigade of Lebrun occupied the village of Unclosella.