The Sun.
London, England, 1814-11-03 00:00:00

TI!F ARMY.

" The long. expect:. :11•:.1 Of Sir ..ThrtgMoß-
. • . •
RAY (says
.11arni9g Paper)• is at lenyth fixed to
take•place mm diately. 1t has been ~tea !y stat-
ed, that it would follow forthwith upon the-con-
clusion of-,the Court-Martial upon Colonel.
TIN. We tniderstand,.that official . letters • were
dispatched-accordingly on' Friday last„ sum ran Sit
.Ioft:MURRAY borne from Paris,- where hc
has been foe sinne time•;!:•-The Ofickers tt liu arc to
cOmpose the
,Court-Martial loye already
mimed and summoned ; and the charges !rave Veca
formally given in, and published in the ticVspa-
pers. The arrival of Sir Joutsr:Mtienr is, ..th
fore, the only thing waited .for ; theCooft,;Mar-
tial will sit to try ftim as soon a§ he shall a`lTlve."
--We have undertthiod, that the delay heretofore
has been occasioned by the abSence cif Many ma-
terial witnesses on foreign service: -
Military dispatcheswere yesterday received front
the Islands in the West 'tidies, elated 16th Sep-
tember, at which time the Commander in Chief,
Sir JAmEs LEITH, had not returned to his Station
at
.Barbadoes.

General WyNrAan was to have resigned. ti
command Of the Forces in North Britain toil, nd
on the 24th October, but he has been or-
dered to retain his command for the present.
Colonel WYATT, late of the 23d Regiment, has
been appointed to the command of the Ai.dover
district.

In addition to the liSt of Staff given in a former
paper, as proceeding with Sir EDWARD PAKENHANI,
this gallant and enterprising Ufficer will be joined
by Major-General KE'AN and the troops which
embarked at Plymouth ; and likewise the follow-
ing Officers go as General PAKENkAm's Staff :
Colonel DICKSON, to command • the Artillery ;
Lient.,Colonel BURGOYNE, to command the En-
gineer Department ; SOARE, Esq. PurveYor-
General. •

The Half-pay of the reduced Officers of the
Army is in future to be issued quarterly; Ike the
allowances to General Officers, from the .24th De-
cember, up to which • day the issues will be
monthly, as before.
A Monument to the memory of theTion.
COLQUITT, of the Foot Guards, has been erected
in the neighbourhood ,of Seville;
_ _

Major BROWN, of,the 85th; who was mortally
wounded at Bladensburg, while gallantl,t lea:hug
his regiment to the charge; .was the elde4 son of
Provost BROWN, of Liukwood, Scotland.
The 9th Light Dragoons are MI Cicir route
from Exeter to Bath.

On Tuesday the 631 regiment •of loot marched
from Ipswich, on their route for Portsmouth, fur
embarkation.

Petachments of regiments transferred froth • the
digbanded 2tl battalions on the.24th ult.; "ate pro-
ceeding to embark to join 'their regiments
foreign service and in Ireland, the means of trots-
ports .being nearly ready. From Poi:taniouth
15th, 18;11, 63d, 96th, for the West Indies; 22d,
for the Isle of France ;. 26th. for 6ibraltar ; and
31st, for Corsica ; the 38th, 42,1, 49th,, and s.oth,
for Ireland. The reduction of the aboi,e making'
.
nearly an increase of3ooo to the titstliatialrons.

IMpRomPTu.
As KEAN is an Actor and Singer to boot,
He might,. µ•hen the
,Robber attempted to shoot, . : -
Have insur'd an escape, had he tipt bin so:ne stan:7;
And cm:1111111'd " Fin ihtcheath, friends , the head of pint- gang."

ON. THE SALMON FISHERY..

TO THE EDITOII OF THE SIV%I

Stß,—Seeing lately in your Maher some obser.
Tatio s on the Salmon Fishery, leads me to send
von the follbwing,-communication on the subject,
in hopes of your Ilaving the goodness in give it
place in THE SON, to favour
A CONSTANT READER. ,

It is reasonable to suppose that many concern-
td in this Fishery have read in THE SUN of
the 3d of September, Mr. Ews'Sjof Minister-
worth).observation3 on the Fecundity of Salmon,
as communiFated to the Western-Severn-Associa-
tion ; whereby all must be convinced that the de-
struction of spawning Salmon, 'whether by per-
sevei ing too long in the coble and net fishing, or
killing the black fish when spawning, is in a
high degree reprehensible; for, as that Gentle-
man justly observes, it is, evident, from his calcu-
lation, that one breeding Salmon, prematurely
stain, may he of immense loss to a river ; that is,
were accommodation prepared by human inge-
nuity for the fish while spawning, to enable. them
to deposite their ova in greater. safety, and with
less labour ; of which many require to be con-
vinced, who may read the foll Owing information
However, it is first proper to observe, that Mr.'
Ellis, to shew his idea of the great quantity of
provision this Fishery is capable of 'producing to
the kingdom, says : —" I did mysclf count the eggs
in the roe of a Salmon, weighing 17 pounds,
and found the number to be 1,1,330, trhich, at the
growth of one pound each, Would have given a
conwrily of food rather better titan five tons and

a hundred salmon of the like weight, on• the same
principles of calculation, give 900 tons ; a pro-
duce equal to 10,000 acres of wheat at 20 hindrels
per acre. when in flour at 50 pounds per buihel."
On !Twilit!! this paragraph, doubtless several
proprietors of Salmon-fishings imagine they have
nothing to attend to, for increasing the breed,
but to guars) and preserve the black or spawning'
fish, because they arc told, that one fish of 17
Founds weight contains 11,350 eggs; therefore
100 spawning, of the same weight (which num-
ber at least every river of ordinary size con-
tain, unless over-fished by coble and net), will in
the sam, ratio yield 1,350,000 eggs ; and these
eggs,. spawned in a river, will produce an equal
number•of fry or smolts. Certainly this is the
inference to be 'conceived of Mr:Ellis's idea of
the breeding of salrrion fry, by the proprietors of
all fishing rivers.
But in place of this immense production of fry
from 100 Salmon, it is reasonable to inform Mr.
Ellis, and all those interested in Salmon-fishingS,
w'ho are of• his opinion, that shoals of fry or
s'nolts equal to the number of eggs, even in two
Salmon (that is upwards
.of 22,000), never were
animated (ruin the eggs of 100 Salmon, one year
with another, in any river in'Britain ; otherwise
the crops of Salmon in all these risers would
greatly exceed the quantity they tisnally render.
It is, therefore, evident that Mr. Ellis, as welt
et many others, are led to form this imaginary
opinion by supposing, 'that .the eggs of the Sal-
tnon, whet ever dropped cw spawned by the female,
may have been impregnated by the male, and;
therefore,-may be animated by river-water. But
ncli an ilea is absurd, and fallacious. Were it
possible on their part to procure the opinion of
the most competent judges in Britain, of what-
ever regards every branch of the Br'itish.Fishe-
ries (suppose even those Personages,
Nieolas Vansittatt and George Rose), they would
inform them, that it was contrary to the order of
Nature .to-impel the parent-fish to such, severe la-
mi,it; as Salmon always. undei•go instinctiVely, in
digging pits to receive and retain their oi.t;• un-
less those pits, by the intervention of Providence,
%rem necessary to preserve and vivify their pro-

gent'.
'lt is,•thcrefore, not only certain, butoronsis-
timt with reason, -that many eggs of the Salmon
perish, being dropt iti their relaxed state, before
t' to parents can dig a pit to receive them ;, and
that, therefore, the only eggs of that fish which
stock.a ricer with fry orstnolts, are but those ani-niatcd,•by. being )(Aged safely in a gravel-pit ;
after which, when impregnated by the coalition
<7• the melt, the male and female heap gravel,
and:then-return to the sea, leaving their progeny.
zo riyen by the eWervescence of the river water,
passmg,t!reely through the mound of gravel :, tho
Buick growth of the animalcules .in. these depo-
sited.eggs'daily increasing in •bulk,- with, the
tion of these fry when animated, naturally throws
off the gravel 'Which keeps -them stationary, so
that the whole cloud of fry or sitiolts the pit con-
tains find themselves' liberated at, the Same 'in-
stant, from which time they continue to shoal
together. •
No doubt these observations are' strange, and
perfectly novel, to many Proprietors of Salmon
kisnings, who have no conception how. Salmon
breed-, anti do not pay any attention to the spawning
Salinon's Severe labour in digging pits to deposit
their ova; yci that may frequently be seen, .by
such as have a curiosity w notice the action and
motion the fish, when standing on•a bank over
A pool wherein Salmon spawn during sun-shine;.
they will observe the strenuous exertions of the
fish (often to the hiss of life), in digging with the
head anti the tail, even with the surface of the
river Ivater : such spectators cannot fail of being.
convinced by ocular proof that the aid of man's
reason is requisite, and should be cxerfed to assist
the spawning salmon with accoinntodatiffli. iii
these pools, 'to relieve them from a part of such
severe labotm

From these important observations, .nu intelli-
gent person-Will friviouslydispute the benefit that.
inay be derived from I.‘clopting a rational system t 6
increase the breedippOinore Salmon ,Fry than the
same number of SpetViting Fish hirve.everproduced
hitherto, whiChly is practiCable, as can be
easily demonstrpt. Our predeecssors never at-
tended to any riicans; to .gerrite Salmon ; but
left this tish,OtirelyCo
,its Ovta. instinct •to find
shelter during, the spa VI iti4Oetis-cin , although `t hitt
is not pos:Sitleto he procured whel the rivers arc in
rcry great Spears.* Theiy apology for
,Profiriefors,,VVho lice io. so eniiiritened
they will *nbt be perstutdql t•Q ...aainOwledV; on.
principles of reason* anht tocnaiori sense, That it is
.chieey owing to the Salmon's want of proper ac-

commorlation, in the tivers they frequent
spawning,. that so many of their eggs perish and
are lost ; otherwise the'qnantity of Salmon caught
on many rivers in England' and Scotland would be
'infinitely snare abundant,,whieh is evident to every
one who considers the fecundity of the Salmon.
Gentrenren conecrnod Salnion=fishing Rivers
perceive,- that mach national benefit may be
derived, and very little los.s sustained, by any hu-
man endeavours to increase this fishery. What
honev would he procured from the labour of bees,
compared to tl:c quantity they produce,. if hives
had not been invented for their accommodation ..?;
And, front analogy, doth it not appear equally rea-
sonable for increasing the breed, and consequently
the Salmon Fishery (knowing how weak, languid,
and sickly these fish are xvliile spawning), to pro-
vide them It•itit repositories suitable to their habits
and instinct, in hopes' to Obtain a recompence.
The Writer shall aptly add, that he - bad many
opportunities. to acquire a knowlcdgeof the -na-
tine, habits, and. instinet.of the Salmon-from his
concern in , that fishery, and by residing some
years On the border of a river-, whose-hanks over-'
looked ntanyof the spawning pools therein. It,
therefore, Gentlemen interested in due Salmon
Fishery of the principal rivers in the kingdom,
desirous to increase the `qiiantity, consider his
reasoning just and well -founded; to such he is
ready to tolllnurnite every information of which
he has. any practical knowledge ; and, among,
other Matters, how to prepare commodious re-
positories for. the Salto tai while spawning—a_
labour which will enable them (at very little ..cost)
to deposit all.-their eggs in perfect safety, and
very little, Or. no exertion, in digging Pits
for its preservation ; whereby ten Salmon's
spawn will produce, with perfect safety, an infi-
nite greater nnruber 'of Pry or- Sniolts, than a
htindeed Sp--3.vvning Baltnon cln do with certainty,
on account of their frequent migration .from one
pool to another, which is the opinion of two Of.
the most intelligent Gentlemen in Scotland, who
have perused the whole plan, and considerit com-
petent to increase this.valuahle branch Of national
provision, beyond conception or belief, in every •
river wherein it- is adopted ; and shOuld it be found
eflcetnar, after trial, to accomplisl) the purpose -(as
I am fully convinced it will), I shall consider my
information justly entitled to some public recom-
pence, for being the first in the British Etitpite,
who, by studying- the natnrc,.habits, -and instinct
of the Salmon, ever devised a rational system to
increase the quantity thereof.
Edinburgh, JOHN MACKENZIE.
Richmond-place, Oct. ec, 1814.

Speat, a Motintain=torreot, or River greatly swollen with

rain.