The Sun.
London, England, 1831-01-01 00:00:00

MALTA, DEC. 4.

On the 25th ult. his Majesty's frigate Madagascar
arrived, under the command of Lieutenant Geary, from
Napoli di Romania, with the remains of her late Captain,
the Hon. Sir Robert Spencer, who died at Alexandria on
the 4th November.

On the 3d of November the .A.fadargascar arrived at
Alexandria, with Lord Clare and suite; at four o'clock
Captain Spencer, in good health and spirits, sat down to
dinner with his party ; at six he was taken ill, and died
the next morning at nine o'clock.
By the death of Captain Spencer, so suddenly cut off in
the prime of life, the service has lost one of it+ brightest
ornaments. Though a strict disciplinarian, Sir Robert
was next to adored by every man and officer under his com-
mand ; several hours of the day he devoted to the educa-
tion and improvement of the young gentlemen committed
to his care, and the comforts of his people had his most
considerate attention. After the frigate takes pratique,
we understand Captain Spencer's remains will be depo-
sited in one of our bastions, and a monument erected to
his memory by his relative, our worthy Governor.
By the death of Captain Spencer, the following changes
take place in the squadron :—Captain Lions removes from
the Blonde into the Madagascar ; Sir 1. Paisley into
the Blonde; Captain Graham into the Rattlesnake; and
Lieut. Burners into the Phdome/.

Our latest accounts from Greece were brought on the
2d instant, by his Majesty's ship Philow!, which arrived
from Napoli in twelve days. Sir P. Malcolm was there
in the Britannia, with the Blonde, Scylla, and Hind
cutter. The Blonde war being despatched to Alexandria,
to await the arrival of Sir John Malcolm, from Bombay.
There was at Napoli a French frigate and brig ; Admiral
Ricord and a squadron were at Poros. The President had
arrived at the seat of Government from Western Greece;
and M. Ribeaupierre, Ex-Rt.ssian Ambassador at the
Porte, in a frigate, from Constantinople. This morning
the same frigate, with the Ambassador on board, has ar-
rived here, where we understand he will perform his qua-
rantine, and proceed to Napoli.
Mr. Seymour and suite arrived here on the 25th tilt.,
and is performing quarantine, on his way to his embassy
at Florence.

The bbip sent fron► France to Alexandria, to carry off
Cleopatra's Needle, we understand, has returned without
her intended cargo.

BRIGHTON, DEC. 31.

His MAJESTY gave audience yesterday to Mr. SANC-
TUARY, Sheriff of Sussex.

Owing to the unfavourable atite of the weather, their
MAJESTIES did not leave the Palace. The QuEEN has
had a slight cold, but is quite recovered.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, accompanied
by Mademoiselle D'ESTE, drove fur some time in a carriage.
Their "MAJESTIES entertained a select party in the even.
ing. The Queen's band played for sever& hours. Lord
and Lady CLINTON, Lieutenant-General Sir WILLIAM and
Lady HousToN, Miss LONG, Sir GEORGE ANSON, and
Lord BYRON, had the honour of dining with their MA-
JESTIES.

The Italian Opera .11 Fanatico per la lilvsica, for the
benefit of Signor DE liEctizs, was performed list night by
the Italian company at the Theatre. The performance
having been under the patronage of his Royal Highness
the Duke of SUSSEX, the King's box was crowded with
company from the Palace. The house was fashionably at-
tended : the Duke and Duchess of ST. ALBAN'S and a large
party were present.

The Marquis of BRISTOL, Mr. PEEL, Mr. M'SwrNEY,
and Mr. LoNG WELLESLEY, hare purchased lou.es in
Kemp-town. The Duke of DEVONSHIRE has retailed to
Kemp-town.

Races have been got up for this day, on the course.
Should the weather prove favourable, their MAxEstlxx are
expected to honour them with their presence.

COURT CIRCULAR.

Prince LEOPOLD went from town yesterday on a vilit to
the Earl and Countess of Cowran, at Pausanger, Huts,
to meet the Russian Ambassador, the Princess LIEN,
and a select part of the Nobility and Gentry.
The Duchess of KENT visited the Duke and Duchess of
CUMBERLAND on Thuredly, at their residence in the
King's Palace, St. Jamrs's.

Earl GREY left town yesterday on a visit to the Eatl
and Countess of Cowpett, at Pansanger. Viscount PAL.
MERSTON also left town on a visit to the Earl and Countess,

The Swedish Minister sent off despatches lust evening to
his Government.

Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial Office
from Sir FREDERICK ADAM, the Lord High Commis-
sioner of the lonian Islands; from the Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Malta; and also from the Lieutenant-Governor of
Gibraltar.

The livery servants of Prince LEOPOLD appeared on
Thursday, for the first time, in new liveries of scarlet and
gold, similar to those of his 111.1JEsrv's servants.

KOTZEBUE'S NEW VOYAGE ROUND . THE
WORLD.-Few things in Literature are more f iseint,ting
than accounts of voyages of discovery ; and none of these,
not even Captain Cooz's, is superior in variety of scene
and incident to the recently-published volumes of Capt tin
KOTZEBUE. His adventures at Rio Janeiro and at Chili
—.his descriptions of society in the South Sea Islands—
his visits to Kaintscliatka, New Archangel, and California,
and his discoveries in unfrequen•ed parts of the Pacific,
invest his book with a romantic charm which seldom
belongs to statements so strictly true as his, and Which
mere fiction, in her most invective moods, could never hope
to emulate.

ADDRESSES OF " CONDOLENCE AND CON-
GRATCLATIoN.'*-These addresses to a KING who has suc-
ceeder) to his Crown in consequence of the death of the
late Mosincit, have generally been thought to involve a
great absurdity ; they are Janus-faced, and of a must
motley character. The absurdity has, perhaps, never been
placed in a stronger light than in the address which the
supple Parliament of JAMES the Second voted to that cruel
and bloo ly KING when be came to the throne by the
death of his brother :—" The death of that our excellent
AIoNA RCII," says the address, "is lamented by us to all
the deyrees of yriff that are consistent with our great
joy for the succession of your sacred .111.4.7E5rr, who
has not only continued but secured the happiness which
his wisdom, his justice, and clemency (!) procured to us."
Fox's Life of James the Second.

LONDON,
SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 1, 1831.

An Extraordinary Express from Paris states
that it is reported that M. LAFITTE will retire
from the Ministry, to be succeeded in the Fi-
nance Department by M. HUMANN, and that
Marshal So ULT ‘vill be President of the Council.
The same Express contains extracts from the
Project of Law on the Election of the Chamber
of Deputies.

DOVER, DEC. 31.—Mr. SYLVAIN VAN-
DERWEYER, with another member of the Pro-
visional Belgian Government, and two Secretaries,
has just landed from Calais on a special and
important mission to London, and they proceed
immediately. These are the first arrivals under
passports from the Provisional Government.

The Allgemeinc Zcitung, in an article dated
from Berlin, says the report gains ground that
the King of PRUSSIA has at length resolved on
presenting his subjects with a Constitution, and
that the Minister, VON HUMBOLDT, is fixed upon
to prepare the important Charter. His MA-
JESTY deserves little thanks for this concession
it has been the result not of kindness, but of
fear. He has not granted it (if he yet do so)
of his own free will ; it has been wrung from him
by the bayonet—a practical argument, .and the
only convincing one that despots can be made
to understand. According to accounts from St.
Petersburgh, the EMPEROR is resolved to put
down the insurrection in Poland by arms. His Im-
perial MAJESTY will do well to use despatch
on this occasion, or he may find his old enemies,
the Turks and Persians, rather troublesome to
him :
BERLIN, Dec. 17.—The report that a Constitution is
preparing for Prussia, and that the Minister, Baron Von
Humboldt is entrusted with the impottaut task, is so
generally spread, even among the lower classes, that we
might be almost tempted to think it had not originated
in mere chance, but had been necessarily circulated. The
name of the meritorious and able Statesman connected
with it is certainly well chosen to excite confidence in a
project, which, however, as far as the present moment is
concerned, is circulated without any foundation. We
besides very much doubt whether the want of a
Constitution, such as is now meant, is at all felt
by the people. On the contrary, we see many
judicious persons alarmed at the thought that in-
stead of experienced men accustomed to strict jus-
tice and liberal in the administration of the law, inexperi-
enced popular representatives, aiming at popular savour,
and actuated by confined views, might obtain the greatest
influence in public affairs. The Provincial Assemblies,
which may be considered as the preparatory schools for
the future estates of the kingdom, require a more perfect
organization, and this, us we hear, is seriously contem-
plated. Jr. the preface to the Second Part of Niebuhr's
Roman History we find the following passage :—" The
madness of the French Court h is broken the talisman which
bc,ind the demon of the Revolution." This severe sentence
hat excited touch surprise here. Our finances continue in
the most flourishing condition, and the considerable ex-
perces of the necessary increase of our troops are amply
covered by the surplus of the indirect taxes of the last
half }'ear._

According- to accounts from St. Petersburg!), the Em-
peror is resolved to put down the insurrection in Poland
by arms. The way of negotiation seems, however, not
to be ;ut off; and the restoration of tranquillity might be
effect-1 by amnesty and submission on the other, without
further effusion of blood.

(From the Courrier de Sinyrne.)

Aimvss, OCT. 20.—The Tucks are selling their estates
in Attic', and the prices for which they part with them
must net:essarily give the purchasers hopes of considerable
profit. It is surprising that European capitalists do not
think of employing their money in the putehase of all
kinds of real property here: it would be the most pro-
fitable mole of investing it. The Acropolis is still in the
hands of the Mussultnen, and will probably remain so the
whole winter. The cannon and balls were embarked
on board a Turkish ;trig of war. The Captain who is
here, and has already fulfilled a similar mission at Negro-
pont, caused the fort to lie occupied by regular troops
whom he I.rought with him. Several companies of
Albanians disbanded, and but a few of their
troops remait, who receive merely their rations without
pay. Athens itself presents nothing but ruins ; there is not a
single glass vindow in the whole city ; those are lucky
that have son .e ind frerent shutters, which afford some

protection against the cold, which begins already to be
felt. Provisions are bad, scarce, and excessively dear. We
do not know how the affairs of the country go on ; th
only thing certain is that the Mahometan inhabitants,
obedient to the command of their Sovereign, resign them-
selves to the nee,ssity of leaving it.
viENNA, Dec. 20.—Four per Cent. Mctalliques, 781- ;
Bank Shares 1012.

We are extremely glad to hear that the pro-
jected Reform Bill has received his MAJESTY's
sanction. Without assuming to be conversant
with its details, we hope we may assert that it
is sufficiently thoroughgoing to be satisfactory
to the bulk of the nation. The great towns
will, we trust, by its operation, soon find that
they are in a situation to protect themselves
against the injustice of an oligarchical aristocracy
on the one hand, or an equally oligarchical sys-
tem of commercial monopoly on the other. In
a country like Great Britain, two-thirds of whose
inhabitants reside in towns and are engaged in
trade or handicraft, it may well be a scandal to
the world that there should be at this moment
between thirty and forty towns with a population
of more than ten thousand each, deprived of
all share in the Legislature. According to the
census of 1521, the following places in England
and Wales, most of them of commercial impor-
tance, containing upwards of 10,000 people
each, are without Representatives:—

BIRMINGHAM,
BLACKBURN.
BOLTON'.

MACCLESFIELD.
MANCHESTER.
OLDHAM.

BRADFORD (YORK.) ROCHDALE.
BRIGHTON. SHEFFIELD.

BURY (LANCASHIRE.) SHIELDS, NORTH AND
CHATHAM. SOUTH.
CHELTENHAM. STOCKPORT.
DEPTFORD. SUNDERLAND.
DUDLEY. WAKEFIELD.
FRuME. WALSALL.
GREENWICH. WARRINGTON.
HALIFAX. WHITEHAVEN.

HANLEY (STAFFORD.) WO LVERHA
KIDDERMINSTER. WOOLWICH.

LEEDS.

HOLYWELL (FLINT.)

making in all thirty-two, besides several others
whose population in 1821 approximated to
10,000, and by this time probably exceeds it.
We do not now speak of Scotland, because the
representation of that country is a mock repre-
sentation—a constitutional fiction—in Coto, but
confining our notice to the southern part cf
this island, we rejoice in catching now for the
first time a bright gleam of hope fur the admis-
sion of the towns named to their civil rights.
It is manifest, that without a corresponding
reduction of the seats of the Boroughmongers,
the admission of Members for the great towns
increase the numbers of the House of Com-
mons to a most inconvenient exent. And it is
perhaps doubtful whether the suppression of
these Borough-voters would not be in itself a
greater good even than the admission of the
town Members. The abolition of the borough
trade must, as a matter of necessity, fOrm a part
of any substantial Reform. As to compensa-
tion to the Boroughmongers, the idea is too
absurd to be entertained for a moment in
earnest. For the only claim to compensation
in consequence of a new law, must rest
upon a right of property acquired under the
faith of an old law. Now the influence of the
Boroughmongers in their warrens has never
been recognized by any law, common or sta-
tute, or by any decision of an►y Court of.lnstice.
The elective franchise is not a matter of pro-
perty, but a trust to be exercised for the public
benefit. If, then, the Legislature thinks fit to
relieve the electors of Old Sarum of such a
trust, and to repose it in the inhabitants of Man-
chester, is it not monstrous to contend that the
individual who may have acquired an influence
over the will of the Old Sarum electors would
thereby be molested in the enjoyment of his
pro-
perty ? The supposition is perfectly ridicu-
lous ; nor is there any analogy, as some appeal
to suppose, between the case of the Borough•
mongers and that of the slave-owners ; for- the
latter certainly possess their slaves as real pro-
perty, under the faith of existing laws, and have,
therefore, a ground for maintaining a " vested
interest" upon (however abominable that vested
interest may be), which cannot be participated
in by the dealers in the elective franchise. Com-
pensation, indeed ! for being no longer permitted
to violate the law, and subvert the liberties of
the people ! Truly, we live in an age of brass,
that such a thing should be publicly mentioned
without shame.

THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.)

CITY, TWELVE O' CL 0C K.

With the exception of the express from Paris, our arri-
vals this morning are so scanty that we have nothing to

eport.
In the Stock Exchange it is positively said ihat the
prices of the Three per Cent. Rentes, quoted in the Herald
at 63f. 60c. is an error, and that they are only 62f. 60e.
It appears, according to the Paris information, that
every thing is going Gil favourably, and that, in future,
the Ministers are determined to act with vigour against al'
attacks from the opposite party. Still there appears to be
a hidden danger ; tic republican p rrty are numerous and
powerful and Will watch every opportunity tr. bring about
a Republican Government. It w ill be a difficult task on
the part of the King of France to please both parti, s.
Cons,,ls, which left off yesterday at far the ac•
c,,unt, opened at ; present they are 62,i- b, with
little or nothing doing.
In the Fireign Market Spanish Bonds have improved
I per cent.

HALF-PAST ONE.

This being New Yeat's day, there is but a thin attend-
ance at the Stock Exchange and Foreign Markets, with
scarce any bu,iness doing. Consols have continued during
the morning at 8,2 - for the Account. The calling cut
of the pensioners to serve as constables his caused some
surprise in the City, as it is imagined that Govern-
vernment arc is possession of some information which the
public are not aware of at pi esent. Another supposition
is, that troops will be wanted to go to Ireland, while the
pensioners are to aid in keeping the peace at home_
We understand that a new loan of one million has
been contracted for the young Queen of Portugal.
The Foreign ket is in the satne state of stagnation
as that of the I3ritish.

THREE 01 CL 0 CK.
Consols for the Account, S 2 i.

FOUR O'CLOCK.—CLOSING PRICES.
Danish 58
Grtek, 1825....
Mexican, 1825. 2.1
Pernviln ........
Russiin OO
Spanish l6

Consols —
Ditto for Account 82i
Brazilian Bond,. 52,1
Buenos res.
Civilian Ditto
Columbian,

ALEXANDER'S TRAVELS TO THE SEAT
of WAR in THE EAST.-The author of these v&urnes
has given the only exact account extant of the present con-
ditiem Of the Russian military power and resources, which
wi I he read with the greater interest on account of the
struggle now going on in Poland. Captain ALExANDEtt
had unwonted facilities for observation dining the late
Russian campaign in Turkey, and, indeed, was honoured
by several private interviews with the Emperor Nrcirous.

POLAND.

(From the rines.)

Divesting ourselves for a moment of the ideas
winch the politica geography of the preen day
exhibits to us on the most casual inspection of
the map of Europe, let consider what would
be the probable effect of the re-establishment c f
Poland as a free, independent, and constitu-
tional monarchy ? We see a country which is
in extent on a par with Germany, France, and
Spain, and ‘,-.hich only requires liberty, and the
unshackled development of her resources, to take
her place eventually among the first-rate Powers
of the continent.

Possessed, as formerly, and as she ought to
be again, of a debouche both towards the Baltic
and the Mediterranean, she possesses greater
natural facilities for commerce than either Rus-
sia or Germany. It should be known, that the
produce which feeds the rich markets of Odessa,
Dantzic, and Koenigsberg, is the produce of
Poland ; Odessa especially is almost exclusively
a Polish colony, and has become a place of great
resort to the nobles of the southern palatinates.
No Russians but the army and agents of Go-
vernment frequent it. The frontiers of Poland.
as they were before power and injustice had vio-
lated them, were sufficiently natural to be de•
fended by a strong Government, had it existed.
The fertility of the south-eastern palatinates in
quantity, and of the western in the quality of
corn produced, is equal to that of any part of
Europe. The wool-trade, which has gradually
supplanted that in corn, since our market has
been more difficult of access, has flourished ex-
ceedingly, and it should be known that great
part of the wool sold at the fair of Breslau,
which comes here under the name of Prussian
wool, is the produce of Poland. This branch
of industry is much indebted to the care and
exertions of Prince Michael Radziwill, whose
merinos are, I believe, much superior to any we
have here. Their timber, oak and fir, hemp,
salt, and honey, are of the first quality, and
known in every market. 'There are mines of
various metals in the neighbourhood of Olkusz,
which want only capital to be productive. The
Prince Lubecki, Minister of Finance under the
Russian Government, has been forced by the
ruling power to enforce a prohibitory system,
much against the interests of Poland, in order
to drain that country of money for the support
of the infant manufactories of Rti,.sia,—a sys-
tem which te whole country is sensible must be
injurious. They had free trade while they were
free, and they wish for it again : not pretending
to manufacture but on a very limited scale. Now
imagine what would be the effect of a strong
Government and a free people in such a position.
separating the three great northern Powers, and
preventing their collision. Such a country, peo-
pled as it is by a race whose elders were brought
op in a state of the wildest liberty,—faulty, in-
deed, as to the system, but pure, and held b‘
right, and not by charter,—inspired with pa-
triotism the most sincere and disinterested, (for
in the whole history of the dismemberments,
however bloody their intestine dissensions were,
we scarcely know the name of one traitor),—
would not such a country become a focus of
liberality and civilization, from which the hitherto
enslaved countries of that part of Europe might
eventually derive the greatest advantage ?
In a commercial point of view, it would be a
market most acceptable to the industry, not only
of this, but every country i❑ Europe : its situa-
tion would naturally make it rather a good friend
than a dangerous enemy. If, as the liberal part
of Europe hopes at this moment, France and
England be at last destined to act nobly in con-
cert with each other, instead of being set one
against the other to waste their strength while
distant autocrats reap the profit, what finer field
for the display of lattional friendship than the
neglected country of Poland ?

—Before concluding, I must not forget to men-
tion one of the latest acts of pat►iotic self-devo,
:ion which occurred at Warsaw two years ago,
and was only cursorily noticed in your paper at
that time, which caused seine disappointment,
for those that can get them, eagerly read the
English papers, and an allusion to Poland now
and then in Parliament was hailed as a sign
they were not forgotten.

After the death of the Emperor Alexander,
many of the persons arrested, being military,
,vere tried, by a sort of irregular court. martial,
from which much favour was not to be expected ;
yet the Grand Duke was obliged to dissolve the
courts, and change the judges four times, before
he could get a verdict against the prisoners.
They were then confired in the fortress of
Zamosc, whither the Grand Duke frequently
went to be present at further interrogatories he
was pleased to order. Every traveller at that
-ime was compared at the frontier with a long
list of the proscribed, and, on his arrival at
Warsaw, was forced to drive straight up to the
Palace to be examined. This was frequently
done by the Grand Duke in person, if at home :
otherwise, by the officer in waiting. No one,
native or foreign lady or gentleman, was excused
this tiresome usage.
'When the other prisoners, not militat y, were to
be tried, their case was sent backwards and for-
wards, from the Senate to a special commission,
in a manner totally at variance with any law of
the country ; and after many tedious delays,
was submitted to a court chosen from the Se-
nators ad hoc. The Government selected fbr
the President the Palatine Bielinski, a man of
unimpeachable integrity, but who had not been
in any way conspicuous ill the affairs of the
country. From his great age, and time obscu-
rity in which lie lived, the Grand Duke expected
he would either let many objectionable points
pass as matters of courl,e, or from illness be
obliged to resign. 13ielinski, aware that in the
latter case his duties would devolve on tile Vice-
President, a creature of the Government, was
carried daily to the court to prevent that hap-
pening, and resisted the effects of age and
disease till the conclusion of the trial, when,
after having seen impartial justice awarded to the
prisoners, he died overcome by his exertions.

The Poles certainly have shown that an in.
born love of country is indestructible ; many are
the instances of men, weak, imprudent, connected
)\,' various ties with foreign nations,—men, in
.port, whose whole character was suspicious till
some conjuncture occurred in which they could
show their duty to their country ; and who have,
:is it were, prceter spenz, done her signal service.
Let us hope the dirty work of Congress
of Vienna is about to be mlone for ever. The
Russian seizurc o; Poland was the source of all
evil done there. That obliged Prussia to pay
herself out of Saxony, and Austria out of Italy ;
as the seizure of Finland ‘vas paid by Norway.
in the mean time our 11Iinisters were amused by
promises of abolishing the slave trade, never
meant to be fulfilled, of assistance in mediating
between Spain and her colonies, which IN e did
not want, and of creating a new kingdom of the

11A 1' M A It K ETS.—(,. t per Load of 36 Trusses.)
CU MliE dLAND ,LATE ST. JA .',IES'S )
C,arse heavy iAJW W., AIt4I:IUW I LAy t2 U to X,2 I o
\ew Meadow Pay
Useful Oid Ditto 2 10 3 15
Fine Upland Mea,!ow and Kye-irks Day 4 5 5 0
Clover Hay 2 15 5 5
Oat 5tr,.... E 1 1 to .C 1 14 ! Wheat Str,iw.., 1 14 lIS
A good supply, and a dull trade; price, stationary.
SMITHFIELD.

C ,arse Leaily Lowl3,:id Meadow Hey £2 5 t 0 £2 I:,
New Meadow Hay 0 0 (. 0
Us,fil Old Pitto . 3 ti 4
tine Upland Meadow and Itye.,,raski [lay 4 ll 4 10
Clover hay (extra 0ne)....4.75 57..Generall;
oat Straw .ZI Bto 1:1 10 I Wheat Straw I 12 I Ili
A tolerably god gupply. aul a dull trade; prices statio..ary