The Sun.
London, England, 1849-05-09 00:00:00

and not to afford the relaxation that might be hoped
for, our own unwise and selfish policy would be re-
ciprocated, and the intimations that have already
been conveyed to us would be speedily realised.
Political animosities would arise that might probably
disturb the' peace of the world, that would perhaps
lead to a general war, and that would undoubtedly
produce new fetters and restrictions to trade and
commerce. We cannot conclude our notice of this
admirable speech without giving the concluding
reasons with which the Noble Lord summed up his

arguments.
" The reason," said his Lordship, " the reason
why he did not anticipate any risk to their
commerce—any damage to their shipping, or any
danger to their national defences, but the contrary,
from the present measure was this—because he believed
that the sure, though perhaps the gradual, effect of the
measure would be to give increase of employment, en-
larged activity, and renewed vigour to the general trade
and commerce of the country, and because he believed it
was the commerce of the country, stimulating their agri-
culture, rewarding their manufactures, and developing
every branch of industry, which was the main cause
that gave employment to their fleets, that guaranteed
permanence and security to their national defences, that
bad hitherto made this country the mistress of the sea,
and that, with the blessing of the Almighty, would also
keep her so."

Earl GREY was not less successful in his very able
address than his distinguished colleague. His Lord-
ship justly characterised the doctrines on which the
navigation• laws were founded as the " barbarous and
disgraceful principles of monopoly," and which if
adopted by foreign nations to the same extent as by
ourselves, would put an end to the warehousing
system, and involve the numerous classes dependent
thereon in unqualified ruin. Those principles are
indeed " barbarous and disgraceful," a shame and
reproach to a civilized nation in the middle of the
19th century, and GOD forbid that our country
should ever again be subjected to their malign in-
fluences, bringing misery and destitution upon the
industrious classes, and without in the slightest
degree benefiting any person whatsoever. As might
have been expected from the official station of the
Noble Earl, he entered fully into the effects that
would be produced on our colonies, snore espe-
cially on the Canadas, and declared, with re-
ference to our North American possessions,
that the relaxation of the navigation-laws
was a measure dictated by policy and prudence, and
that if their Lordships refused to sanction the Bill
then under discussion, it would inflict a blow on our
mutual relations with that important colony, from
which they would not speedily recover.
Lord STANLEY'S speech was bold, showy, and
declamatory, got up with considerable oratorical skill,
but wholly failing to convince the reason, or influence
the judgment. In these respects it could not bear
a comparison with the admirable displays of the
Noble Earls to which we have already alluded.

We may now congratulate the nation on this most
important step in the right direction. Although the
majority was small, it may be regarded as conclusive
as to the fate of the measure, the principle of which
has now been sanctioned by both Houses of Parlia-
ment, and we cannot suppose that there will be any
alterations in the details to render it objectionable to
the large and decisive majority by which it was
carried in the popular branch of the Legislature.

Hungary has declared herself an independent Re-
public, and has proclaimed Louis KOSSUTH her
First President. On the 14th of April this glori-
ous vengeance was wreaked upon Austria—the
representatives issuing their solemn decree in the
,presence of a vast multitude at Debreczin. By
that decree the dynasty of Hapsburg. Lorraine was
formally deprived of its sovereignty over Hungary,
Transylvania, Croatia, and all the provinces apper-
taining to the Hungarian territory, the Imperial
family having, by its crimes forfeited the sceptre
of St. STEPHEN. In the noble oration of the Pro-
visional President it was justly urged in vindication
of the course now adopted by the population, through
the medium of its representatives, that the Austrian
dynasty had wilfully invoked the wrath of Hungary,
having repaidher services with ingratitude and her al-
legiance with treachery, and that the people were conse-
quently only exercising in their own behalf the inde-
feasible rights of free men in shaking off the yoke of
Sovereigns capable of endeavouring to enforce dupli-
city by slaughter. After submitting fur 300 years
to the supremacy of Austria, the Hungarians have at
length vindicated their ancient glory, by repelling
their tyrants and perfecting their emancipation, un-
der the guidance of their heroic captains and of their
patriotic statesmen.
None but dullards will fail to recognise the fad
that the Cabinet of 011mutz has drawn down upon
itself this great catastrophe. Even the most
infatuated admirers of the Viennese Govern-
ment are compelled to acknowledge that
the late war, so far as the Hungarians were con-
cerned, was a war dictated in accordance with the
holiest principles of justice. In the organs of that
English aristocratic faction which is identical in
policy with the reactionnaires of the continent, it is
confessed that the incursion of the Germans under
WINDISCHGRATZ, beyond the frontiers of Austria,
was to say the least of it, a blunder. The Diet at
Debreczin was consequently only repeating the
thought which had already forced itself upon the
consciousness of Europe, when it charged the
dynasty of Hapsburg-Lorraine with perjury and
treachery in dismembering the territorial in-
tegrity of the land by separating Croatia
and Transylvania from the rest of the
Hungarian dominions, and in consummating that:cri-
minal and execrable policy by bringing the calamities
of fire and sword upon the loyal and unoffending
Hungarians. For, be it remembered, that the de-
thronement of the Emperor is an after thought con-
sequent upon the miseries, and cruelties, and
massacres inflicted upon that country in his name,
and by the hands of his soldiers. Previous to the
invasion of Hungary the Hungarians had preserved
their allegiance unsullied. If their Sovereign had
not kept his word, they had kept theirs sacredly.
It is the Austrian EMPEROR and not the Hungarian
people—to quote the solemn words of the "Declaration
of Independence"—who has torn up the pragmatic
sanction, and sundered the bond of their mutual con

nexion Whatever the partizans of the Viennese
Ministry may maintain at the present moment—
that is what history will proclaim in recounting the
liberation of Hungary by the sword of BEM and the
genius of KOSSUTH.
Together with the First President, Lours Kos-
suns, there were elected to shlre with him the re-
sponsibilities of the government of the new Hun-
garian Repablic, EMERICH CZACZVARZ and STEPHEN
GOROVE. Under their direction a democratic
Administration has by this time been organized,
and plans have doubtless been deliberated
for the conduct of the new campaign which must
be commenced very shortly against the combined
forces of Austria and Russia. Simply contrasting
the strength of Hungary with that of the Russo-
Austrian Coalition, we grant that there would be
most serious cause to tremble for the result of this
momentous struggle. But, happily for the Hunga-
rians, they have on their side the sacred inspi-
ration of justice, the supreme excitement of
liberty, the glowing recollection of their
recent successes, the memory of their accient

renown—to the north Poland, to the south
Turkey with the Danubian Provinces, and to the east
all those races who are slumbering in chains on the

shores of the Black Sea, and who only await the

summons of opportunity to carry dismay and em-
harassment into the very stronghold of the AUTOCRAT.

If the Poles and the Turks do not rise in aid of the
Hungarians pouring down upon the opposite flanks

of the united armies of despoti..m, then will
War,aw deserve to be garrisoned for ever by

Foreign soldiery, and Constantinople merit that