The Sun.
London, England, 1825-09-08 00:00:00

MERCANTILE SIIIPPINC;.

DEAL, SEPT. 7.—Wind W.—Arrived and sailed for the.
River, the Regent, Gibson, and Amazon, Holder. from
Jamaica; Sir C. Price, Durkin, South Seas; Lady, Lloyd,
Seville; Phyderca, Hill, Cadiz ; Barbadoes Planter, Redman,
Batbadoes ; Hannah, Webber, Quebec ; Ann, Nash, Cuba ;
and Wellington, Edwards, from Cadiz. Came down from the
River and remain, the Resource, Tomlin, for CaLaitta ; and the
Amelia, Bully, for Cadiz.
PORTSMOUTH, SEPT. S.W.--Arrived the
Alexander, tiPlienzie, from Riga. Sailed the Alfred, Mead,
for Guernsey.
PLYMOUTH, SEPT. 6.—Wind N.W.—Arrived the Chase,
Shotton, from Charente.
FALMOUTH, SEPT. 6.—Wind N.—Arrived the Marquis of
Anglesey, Steward, from London for Buenos Ayres.
LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 6.—Arrived the Superior, Itidley, from
Bahia; Sereno, Thatcher, and William Penn, Dixey, from
Charleston; Iris, Rice, from New York; and John and Isaac,
from Genoa. Off the Port the Kingstone,
from Africa.

COWES, SEPT. 7.—Arrived the Marquis of Huntley trans-
port, from Sierra Leone in 44 days ; Industry transport from
Chatham. Sailed the Zepher transport for Chatham.

Off Dover .the Ann and Maria, , from St. John's,
N. B. Off Margate the Trusty, Henderson, from Buenea
Ayres.
The Earl Morley sailed from Rio Janeiro the sth of Juue,
for Gibraltar, and put back again with loss of rudder.
Off Brighton the Lawstoff, from,Tenerifte.
Yesterday a Court of Directors was held at the East India
House, when Capt. Henry Bonham Bay: was sworn into the
command of the new ship building by Henry Bonham, Esq.
consigned to Bombay and China.
The Glasgow frigate, one of the finest in the British Naoy,
was off here yesterday, she stood in close to the Chain Pier,
and was for a considerable time an object of much attend= to
a large assemblage of spectators.—(Brighton, Sept. 7. )

LONDON MECHANICS' INSTITuTTON.—YfSter.
day evening the seventh quarterly meeting of this Insimtion
was held at their theatre, in Southampton-buildings—the ?resi-
dent, Dr. BinKßEc K, in the Chair. A report of tle, committee
of management, detailing their proceedings during the lest
quarter, was read by the Secretary, from which it appeared
that the progress of the institution has been such as to exceed
the most sanguine expectations of its friends and supporters._
Five hundred and twenty-five new members were added during
the last quarter, making the whole number at present 1.133.
A considerable number of the members receive instruction, in
the schools, of arithmetic, mathematics, drawing. arid French,
and their great attention has been amply rewarded by a rapid
progress towards proficiency. The philosophical atm mecha-
nical apparatus has been greatly increased ; and the library so
extended by liberal donations and extensive purchases, that in
the course of the ensuing month the committee will be able to
establish a circulating library for the use of all the members.
The report concluded by congratulating the members on the
bright prospect of the realization of the highest hopes they
could have formed of the success of the institution, and on the
zeal, activity, and harmony by which all their proceedings
were characterized. 'Mr. Cope, secretary of the building com-
mittee, read a report which detailed their proceedings in the
erection of the new theatre, and other buildings on the pre-
mises, by which it appeared that the theatre cos: 3,7001., the
whole of which was advanced by Dr. Birkbeck, and that 1,1701:-
had been expended on other buildings and improvements.—
One of the auditors read a report on the state of the accounts of
the Institution, by which it appeared that their finances are in
a most flourishing condition, there being a balance of up-
wards of 1,0001. in their banker's hands. All the repor s
were agreed to. An adjourned motion for allowing ea• Is
member to introduce a friend to the lectures was tal e
into consideration ; and after a good deal of discussion was re-
jected on the ground that the rapid increase of members made
it impossible at present to afford accomodation to strangers.—
One of the Committee observed that the members would Not),
outgrow the size of the theatre, capacious as it was, and th,
they would he obliged to attend the lectures not altogether st..
heretofore, but by turns. Thanks were voted to all the officers
of the institution. On thanks being voted to Dr. Birkbeck,
which was followal with the greatest applause, that gentleman
in making his acknowledgements, observed, that the example
of the London Mechanics' Institution bad excited such a desire
for a participation in the blessings it was calculated to impart,
all over the country, that the most gratifying accounts were con-
stantly receiving of the formation of new institutions : he had
received two such accounts that day. And it must be delight-
ful to every friend of human improvement and happiness to
find, that their establishment was uniformly attended with in-
creased order in conduct, and respectability in character, con-
firming in every respect the opinion formed by those who
assisted in the establishment of the London institution of their
important results and extensive utility. The meeting, wYe‘i
was well attended, then broke up.

MARRIEI2.
On Tuesday, the 6th inst., at Iver, Bucks, the Rev. Wil-
liam Gay, 8.A., second sort of the late James Gay, Esq., of
Champion-hill, Surrey, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of John
Chippendale, Esq., of the Lodge, Hillingdon, Middlesex.
On the 6th inst., at St. Mary's Church, Dover, Mr. Rouse.
of Wimpole-street, Cavendish-square, to Elizabeth, youngest
daughter of James Bardwell Browne, Esq., of Dover.
On the 7th inst., at St. James's, Garlick-flithe, Charles
Henry Blake, Esq., of Poorneah, Bengal, to Frances, eldest
daughter of the late William Denis, Esq., of Thames-street.
On Wednesday, the 7th inst., Philip Samuel, Esq., of Guil-
ford-street, Russell-square, to Pheebe, youngest daughter of
Solomon Israel, Esq., of Stamford-hill.

DIED
On the 4th inst., at Castle Howard, the Right Hon. the Earl
of Carlisle, K.G., in the 78th year of his age •
On the Bth inst., in Montagu-square, General Stevens, in_
the 83d yeAr of his age.
On Wednesday, the 7th inst., at his house in Lower Thorr.-
haugh-street, Bedford-square, John Lane, Esq., in the 74th
year of his age.
On Sunday evening, the 4th inst., at William Rayley'A.,
Esq., at Niraddon, near Croydon, in the 50th rear of her age,
Mrs. Green, relict of the late James Green, Esq., of the Fal•
con Glass-works, and Brixton, Surrey,

Le/LYDON JOURNALS.

DAILY' •
..Eseracts fro wrthe- Mornmg Papers, Sept. 8, 1842'5.

[THE TIMES.I
A-recent proceeding of the King's Government
in re!daition to the currency at the Cape of Good
Horkle, appears to have excited considerable in-
te-,)est among merchants and proprietors connected
-With that colony. A proclamation of the Go-
vernor in Council, hearing date the 6th of June,
refers to a resolution of the British Government,'
that the British currency should he henceforth'
established as the circulating medium of all his
Majesty's colonial possessions, and that them Bri-
tish silver money should be a legal tender in that
colony in discharge of all debts, whether to indi-
viduals or to the Crown, at the rate of Ts. 6d.for
each paper rix-dollar, and so• in proportion for
any greater or less sum. The subsequent clauses
of the proclamation go into. a detailed statement
of the manner in which the new law or order is to
operate, and a public notice subjoined to the in-
strument apprizes men of business that the Com-
missary-General will grant bills upon Etigland,.at
the above exchange, to those who may be d'e-
sirous of remitting. The whole of this transac-
tion, we observe, has been exclaimed against as-a
ruinous fraud upon his Majesty's subjects at the
Cape. A respectable Evening Journal' states,
that " the inhabitants find their property depre-
" dated in the most alarming manner ;"the paper
rix-dollar having previously circulated at the rate
of 45., " the merchant worth 20,0001. is reduced
"in one day to 7,0001." It is further affirmed,.
that at the capture of the colony, the currency,
then amounting to two millions rix-dollars," was
" recognized and guaranteed ;" and in 1810 the
English Governor issued another million of this
paper, which, taking into calculation the rate of
exchange, produced to Government the value of
about 3s. 6d. per rix-dollar. We are not well
ftirnished with facts in this case, but there are two
points on which we place some reliance-Ist, the
extreme improbability that Ministers, with their
eyes open, would or could adopt any single mea-
sure so violent in its operation as to affect the
momentous reduction of near two-thirds in the
general value of property. 2d, We do not con-
ceive that any 44 misrepresentations" of Lord
Charles Somerset would now obtain possession of
the ear of Ministers, or induce them to act upon
such authority in any important case. But the
facts brought forward as grounds of reprehen-
sion are not in themselves conclusive. We are
told that the rix-dollar was allowed as equivalent
to 4s. at the time when the colony was surren-
dered to us. If so, it was of course paper
against paper that was the subject of such a cal-
culation ; but how could that arrangement per-
manently and irrevocably fix the exchange be-
tween the Cape and London ? It is certain that
no such consequence as an everlasting and un-
changeable relation between the rix-dollar at the
Cape and the pound sterling, could ever have
been contemplated as a rule for commercial re-
mittances, because we know as a matter of fact,
that the exchange has declined so much sincethe
capture as to make the pound sterling worth on
the average 13 or 14 rix-dollars. If the state of
commerce was such as to render 4s. in specie in-
trinsically worth more than the paper rix-dollar,
it is absurd to talk of any official arrangement
having power to reduce that proportion. It is
probable (for we have not facts to go upon) that
the average value of the rix-dollar for a number i
of years has been taken in this instance as a suf-1
Acient measure of its intrinsic value, and that Go-
vernment, with a natural anxiety to accommodate
names and regulations to realities, have taken the
step so strongly objected to, as a means of affixing
to the currency a certain and definite standard.
All calculations of the relative value of gold and
silver must have been the fruit of experience
giving averages ; and this which resolves Cape
paper into silver must (we suppose) have been
_built upon a similar ground. It cannot escape
remark that the Colonial Government accepts
Is. 6d. as an equivalent for the rix-dollar from
its debtors, and is therefore on no better footing
than any one else. We understand that mer-
chants generally are satisfied with the proclama-
tion, which gives a sort of steadiness to coturuon
transactions. The persons who complain are
those who, having lent money formerly at the rate
of value which the rix-dollar nrainally carries,
look to some future possibility of the exchange
coming round again—a revolution already re-
garded as chimerical in practice, but by this
measure completely barred. A committee, not
of merchants in general, but of gentlemen hay-
ip..g property at the Cape, and fearing to be
affected in the degree we have noticed, was held
yesterday, and a resolution intimated, to address
Government on the subject of this alteration in
the currency.

[NEW TIMES.]

The Etaile of Tuesday has brought the Three

per Cents. still lower. The accounts from Greece
a:e7As.usuai, co►►tradictory ; but it seems certain
that Ibrahim Paella still maintains his superiority.
Besides giving an account of the execution of
Bessieres, the French Papers contain many other
details, which shew the agitated state of Spain.
Letters from Roa mention that the Einpecinado,
at the foot of the gallows, made efforts to hinder
himself from being hanged, by plunging amid the
bayonets of his guards. He received several
wounds, but they succeeded in executing the
sentence. A distinguished Ecclesiastic, the Ca-
non and Councillor .Roxas, has been arrested, as
have also the Director of the Hospital and several
other Ecclesiastics, and the imprisonments con-
tinue. The celebrated Baron d'Eroles, who dis-
tinguished himself so greatly in Catalonia, has
been seized with apoplexy, and his life is de-
' spaired of. If- we may believe some accounts,
the:Spanish Government has laid its hands on
the funds of the Cathedrals of Cuenca and Pla-
centia, amounting to seven millions of reals. At
the ,same time eight Canons of the Chapter of
Placentia were arrested. Apprehensions were
entertained that General Mina had return.
ed from London to Gibraltar, and was
going to take the command of a,Colorobian expe-
dition destined against 'Port Mahon. All these

matters appear to the politicians of the rest of
Europe to present a mass of inextricable confu-
sion : and in truth, judging of Spain on the same
grounds and principles as we would of any other
part of Christian Europe, it presents a mere
enigma. But this enigma, like every other, has
its solution, which is only to be sought in the pe-
culiar character and habits of the Spanish people,
derived from centuries of what we should call
misrule, but what they regard as their chief boast.
it must be remembered that from the times of
the Cid to the present day, the Church has been
the real and effectual Sovereign of the Peninsula.
Its power was never questioned till the present
affPe - and now it is only disputed by men of an
opposite extreme in opinions. Fanaticism and
impiety divide the whole kingdom; but the for-
mer is mnch more powerful than the latter; being
far more deeply rooted in the thoughts, habits,
and feelings of the great mass of the population.
Hence the two invasions of Spain by France ex-
hibited equally the influence of the Spanish
Priesthood, first in exciting the great majority of
the country to oppose the French under Buona-
parte, and secondly in exciting the same majority
to support the French under the Duke d'Angou-
leme. The Civil Government of Spain is always
paralyzed when it is placed in opposition to the
Priesthood, and this seems now to be the unfor-
tunate situation of M. Zea Bermudez, who is one
of the most intelligent statesmen in that country,
but who could not stand a day, were it not for
the foreign influence which LS exerted to keep
him in place.

[MORNING CHRONICLE.] 4
We understand that some astonishment has
been excited in one of the departments of Go-
vernment, at the great activity of the French in
their relations with Brazil. No sooner was it
known with a degree of certainty that Sir Chas.
Stuart was to go over to Rio de Janeiro on a spe-
cial mission, and entrusted also with the dis-
patches of the King of Portugal, than a Minister
Extraordinary was appointed in Paris, with the
greatest secrecy, who actually arrived in the
Brazilian Capital several days before Sir Charles
reached it from Lisbon.

Consols for the Account were all yesterday
morning 88, alternately buyers and sellers, till one o'clock,
when they suddenly rose to 88ii. The state of the Money
Market attracts great attention, and the late changes are with-
out precedent. Money is, however, more plentiful, and it can
be borrowed on Consols at 3 per cent. Merchants bills are dis-
counted privately, at about ,q per cent. and by the Bank of
England at 4 per cent. Exchequer Bills were about par, and
the question as to money being taken by the holders on the 27th
instant, or new bills, attracted the attention of the money job-
bers. The intense interest, however, of the,Market, was di-
rected to the Foreign Exchanges. As we anticipated on Tues-
day, the rates were rather higher, and they had attained at the
close of the day a quotation that checks the export of specie. A
further rise would turn the tide in favour of England, and would
produce the import of gold and silver, which we think not at all
improbable, as we remarked on Tuesday that there were im-
mense numbers of bills offering, but there was little money at
Market, that is to say, the capitalists would not give money for
the bills, except at a Higher rate of Exchange. The Foreign
Funds were very steady in the morning, at the closing prices of
Tuesday. In Shares there continued to be no business trans-
acting worth mentioning.—(nfd.)

[MORNING POST.]
Advices arrived yesterday from the Cape of
Good Hope to the 11th of June, which are not
without interest. They ..11.U.Cr that much
alarm was felt in that colony since the receipt of
an order in Council from England, directing the
colonial paper currency to be put on the same
footing as that of the mother country, on terms
which the inhabitants considered to be highly in-
jurious to their property. The paper money in
circulation was in rix-dollars at 4 shillings each,
and the Order in Council directed payment for
that currency to be made in shillings and six-
pences, at the rate of only 18 pence for each rix-
dollar. The reduction of nearly 2-thirds in the
value of every species of property and merchan-
dize in the colony, which of course- must en-
sue, was the cause of the general consternation
said to have been experienced. The inhabitants
repaired to the Governor and prayed him to
delay the execution of the Order in Council till
representations had been sent to England and
an answer received, but his Excellency finding
that his orders were peremptory, was unable to
comply with their request, and issued a procla-
mation directing the measure to be carried into
effect. The inhabitants of the Cape then deter-
mined to memorialize his Majesty's Government,
and as a general meeting for that purpose was
appointed for the 13th of June, there is no doubt
that the next arrival will put us us in possession
of their memorial. Their friends in this coun-
try declare that when the colony capitulated to
the British arms, the currency, then amounted
to two millions of rix dollars, was recognized
and guaranteed, and that in 1810 the English
Governor issued another million of this paper,
which, taking into calculation the rate of ex-
change, produced to the coffers of Government
the value of about three shillings and sixpence
per rite-dollar.

• [TIIE PUBLIC LEDGER.]
We have received the Paris Papers of Mon-
day and the Etoile of Tuesday. The latter con-
tains copies of two dispatches from Count d'Es-
pana, who commanded the troops sent in pursuit
of Bessieres, one announcing the capture, the
other the execution of that miserable adventurer.
No trial took place ; and Bessieres, with seven
more, were put to death without any other for-
mality, but the production of the Royal Decree,
which declared them outlaws. They are stated
to have admitted the enormity of their crime, as
well as the justice of their punishment, and to
have expressed a hope, that their fate would
deter others from imitating their example. This
manner of making his exit was worthy the cause
which Bessieres had latterly supported ; and it
forms a striking contrast with that of a Constitu-
tionalist, who, about the same time, was executed
at Madrid. The latter was a respectable inha-
bitant of that capital ; and even the Etoile is
obliged to admit, that much sympathy was
exhibited by the crowd who witnessed his
execution. When the rope was adjusted round
his neck, he exclaimed, " Spaniards ! I have
been a passionate lover of liberty ! I die for my
country—for you all. Learn from me to die with
courage." Even when he was cast off, he cried,
with a piercing voice, " Death or Liberty." The

last ominous words were repeated by some per-
sons in the crowd, and, it appears, with perfect
impunity, as nothing is said to the contrary. Let
Ferdinand go on this way, and it will be his
turn at last ; whilst in the interim he will so
sicken the Nation of its servility, that the very
word will be grating to its ears. That such
a man should be absolute master of the lives'
and fortunes of ten millions of rational beings,
is a monstrous reflection. We have some
hopes, however, that this disgusting anomaly
will not be suffered to last much longer, as it is
confidently stated that both England and France
have already interfered with the view of correct-
ing it. It is also said, that Ferdinand has be-
come more tractable in consequence of recent
events; and as his chief Minister has been re-
cently fired at on his way to Court, he may
imagine that the despair which suggested this
furious act may have another bullet for him-
' self. The mere supposition, however, will serve
to render him more accessible to good advice ;
and as the other Powers of Europe cannot see,
without the most serious alarm, the dan-
ger as well as scandal of his proceedings, they
will probably endeavour to confirm the salutary
terrors which he must feel at this time.—
The news from Greece in these Papers is of too
vague a character to merit much notice. It rests
on the alleged authority of letters of the sth ult.
from Smyrna, and depicts the affairs of that
country in very gloomy colours. But it mentions
nothing beyond the hacknied charge of disunion
amongst the Greek leaders, in support of this si-
nister view. It does not state that the Egyptian
troops have obtained a new advantage, or that
they have even left the environs of Tripolizza.—
In a word, it does not announce a single reverse
on the part of the Greeks ; and the loose gene-
ralities, in which it abounds, will be treated as
they deserve.