The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-16 00:00:00

THE WAR IN HUNGARY.
(From the Tunes.) - - -- -
The operations of the war in Hungary continue with
various success in the different parts of that vast theatre
of hostilities, and we can form no distinct opinion of the
ultimate chances of success between the belligerent par-
ties. But it is impossible to withhold the strongest
expressions of horror at this murderous and destructive
struggle. The immense military resources of the Aus-
trian empire have indeed been exhibited to an extent
which those who depreciated her power were little pre--
pared for, fur that power included the whole of the
martial population of Hungary and its dependencies, of
whcih so large a portion is now arrayed against tha
other forces of the empire. It was mainly from this
inexhaustible reserve of warriors that Austria drew the
reinforcements which have supported her in the longest
struggles, and revived her strength after the most fatal
defeats. Of all the misfortunes which have befallen her,
and of all the enemies who have assailed her,
the most fatal is the disaffection and hostility of the
Hungarian people. The course of policy pursued by
Prince Schwarzemberg is, however, based on an obsti-
nate denial of this fundamental principle of the empire.
Every opportunity of conciliation has been successively
thrown away by the presumption and arrogance of
the Minister, supported by the passions of the Arch-
duchess Sophia. The most violent party amongst the Mag-
yars, who were averse to every species of compromise,
owed their ascendancy to the unbending demeanour of the
Cabinet of Vienna; and the introduction of the Russian
armies has given the final stroke, and converted the in-
surrection of a party of malcontents into a national war.
Prince Schwarzemberg himself is completely identified
with Russian interests, and has not scrupled to sacrifice
every independent principle of the Court of Vienna to
the policy of his northern ally. Several other members
of the Cabinet of Vienna are distinguished by their emi•
nent qualities and their liberal opinions, but as long as
Prince Schwarzemberg retains office as the first political
servant of the Imperial Crown, we anticipate the utmost
rashness and the most deplorable consequences. Yet
there is the less reason for anticipating his removal, in-
asmuch as he more especially represents that ascen-
dancy which the Emperor of Russia has acquired over
Austria. Within the last month the aspect of the cam-
paign and the relative positions of the armies have en-
tirely changed, but the possession of the country
has been nearly equally disputed, and it is evident
that the relative forces of the two parties are not
such as to lead to a speedy termination of the war.
The Hungarians have everywhere avoided a pitched
battle by a series of skilful and rapid manceuvres. No
general action has been fought since the commencement
of the war, unless the last engagement with the Russians
deserves that name ; but wherever they have been able
suddenly to concentrate a superior force they have fallen
with great vehemence on divisions of the Imperial army;
and they have shown even greater ability in extricating
themselves from positions of difficulty. The affair at
Raab was of this nature. The garrison of Comorn made
a vigorous sally across the Danube, and crushed the in-
ferior corps of General Czorich, to which the defence of
a vast convoy of stores had been confided. In addition to
the loss of these supplies, which must be of the utmost
importance to the army, the communication from Vienna
to Pesth is once more intercepted, and the right bank of
the Danube partially occupied in the rear of
the Austrian armies. But the forces under
Klapka and Aulich cannot be very considerable ; they
are still kept in check by a Russian division in the north,
and since the conclusion of the peace with Sardinia
reinforcements are arriving at Vienna from the army in
Italy. The principal interest of the campaign seems at
this moment to lie between the armies of Georgey and
Paskiewitch on the Upper Theiss, and between those of
the Polish and Magyar commanders who are opposed by
Haynau and Jellachich on the Lower Theiss and the
Danube. We have already on a former occasion noticed
the operations and retreat of Georgey atWaitzen, on the
15th, 16th, and 17th of July, as one of the most ener-
getic and successful moves of the war, for it defeated
the first strategical combination of the Imperial armies,
broke their line, and placed a formidable enemy in the
rear of the Russians. Georgey threw himself into the
mining towns of the north, and subsequently advanced
to Miskolcz; but as Paskiewitch occupied Debreczin,
and as General Osten-Sachen is advancing from the
north with the Russian reserve, Georgey was still be-
tween these two armies, and it now appears certain
that a considerable action has been fought on or near
the Upper Theiss. Rumours have arrived that such
an action has been fought with fatal consequences to
the main Russian army ; but whatever the result of
such an engagement may have been, it must be
promptly followed by the most important conse-
quences. The result, as far as it is known from
the imperfect statements which have reached us,
would appear to have been the retreat of the Russians
to the left bank of the Theiss with the loss of their
baggage, after an unsuccessful attempt to destroy
Georgey's army on the north-west bank of that stream.
In the meanwhile the advance of Haynau to the south
has weakened the positions of the Austrians in the west,
but it was absolutely necessary to relieve Jellachich, who
had been driven to the extremity of the promontory
formed by the Theiss and the Danube. The Ban seems,
however, to have maintained that position without fur-
ther loss from the 18th of July to the 3d of August, and ,
on the latter day, Haynau, who had entered Sz,gedin on
the 2d, was attacking the rear of the Hungarian army
in the Bacs country. Guyon had withdrawn, probably
in the direction of Temesvar; the Magyar Government
had transported itself to Grosswardein; and we may as-
sume that Haynau and Jellachich would at last effect the
junction of their forces. So far the last operations of
the Imperialists in the south have not been unsuc-
cessful ; but if Paskiewitch has been defeated
in the north ; their position will again become
critical, for Haynau would be surrounded on every
side north of the Danube. Such a result we still think
improbable, but it must be confessed that almost every
incident in this war has been marked by great improba-
bility. The strength and efficiency of a Russian army
in the field seems to have been greatly overrates, and the
keen eye of General Lamorciare will probably rest with
surprise on the movements of the Imperial commanders.
On the other hand, the young Hungarian officers, edu-
cated in the Austrian school, but emancipated from Aus-
trian routine, have shown first-rate talents, and have
been supported with indomitable spirit by the nation.
These are not men, this is not a people which an Aus-
trian statesman can afford to treat with harshness, injus-
tice, or contempt. In spite of the violent measures of
Kossuth and his Assembly, there is still reason to believe
that the leaders of the Magyar army are not disinclined
to renew their allegiance upon honourable and constitu-
tional terms, and nothing would more become the young
Emperor of Austria than if he was even now to act upon
a generous impulse, to repudiate his pernicious counsel-
lors, and to grant clemency, freedom, and peace to all
his subjects, for this war is scarcely less oppressive and
injurious to his hereditary dominions than to the king-
dom of Hungary, and he is made to sacrifice one-half of
his people in order to coerce the other.

PRESENTATION OF THE FREEDOM OF EDIN-
BURGH TO THE LORD MAYOR OF LONDON.
Yesterday Alderman Gibbs (the locum tenens of the
Lord Mayor) received the following communication :
" By Electric Telegraph, direct from Edinburgh,
Wednesday, 1.3 U P.m.
"To-day, at twelve o'clock, a :special meeting of the
town council of Edinburgh was held, when the Lord
Provost, in a most able and eulogistic address, pre-
sented Sir James Duke, the Lord Mayor of London,
with the freedom of the city of Edinburgh.
" Sir James Duke was enthusiastically received by
the large assemblage present, in the Council Chamber,
and made a most able and appropriate reply ; after
which, on retiring, he shook hands with most of the
burgesses present.
" Intelligenee Department, Electric Telegraph
Company, Lothbury, London, Aug. 15."

THE FORTUNES OF WOMAN, by Miss Lamont,
promises to be the most popular novel of the season.
" We congratulate the fair authoress (says the Morning
Herald) on this production, which must at once achieve
for her a high literary reputation. The Fortunes of
Woman ' is a novel of no ordinary character, and we
have no doubt will take its place in public estimation by
the side of • Jane Eyre,' of which it has frequently re-
minded us. Jane Eyre,' however, is a tale of senti-
ment, and passion, and feeling this is one of
action, movement, and incident. The story is at once
life-like and interesting, full of every-day events, and
yet possessing all the charm and freshness of a romance,
with those graceful and delicate perceptions and deli-
neations of character which none but a female hand can
properly pourtray, and yet abounding in passages of
manly and vigorous thought, and earnestness of pur-
pose. Miss Lamont has all the qualifications of an ac-
complished novel writer—a vivid imagination, great de-
scriptive powers, and no ordinary command of language,
with that peculiar tact or talent which enables her to
make the happiest application of these gifts."
The lands and houses announced in our columns to
be sold at the Town hall, Ludlow, on Wednesday, the
26th inst., form the unentailed estate of the late E. L.
Charlton, Esq., many years the M.P. for the borough—
the sale takes place under an order of the High Court of
Chancery, the entailed property, including Ludford-park,
passes to the brother, Francis Charlton, Esq. There are
certain weighty reasons which require a peremptory sale
of the different lots advertised to be sold, and situate as
they are, adjoining the town, offer many tempting in-
vestments to the capitalist. Almost all the lots are
within the Parliamentary boundary of the borough, and
being on the borders of Herefordshire and Shropshire
some have votes for both counties.

ANNIVERSARr or PLYMOUTI.I BREAKWATER:
Sunday last, the 12th of August, was the 37th anniver-
sary
of the laying of the enor-
mousthe foundation stone of
structure which now shields our harbour
effectually from the raging of the Atlantic. Fen,
ofso
those who in 1812 commenced the work, and aaw
the first stone disappear beneath the waves with an
imposing dash, amidst the shouts of those
around, now live to look upon the structure to which
BO much time and skill has been devoted. The
present superintendent of the breakwater, Mr. Stuart,
is, we believe, the sole survivor among those now
engaged in its completion. Ile has lived to see
the doubters of the power of engineering science
to conquer the difficulties of the undertaking, con-
vinced ; to see the fears of those who yet hoped, dis-
persed; and to find all the anticipations formed of. its
advantage to the port, realised. These were great dll-
culties to overcome—such, indeed, as even the original
projectors, cautious as they were, never contemplated.
The elements waged a furious and unsparing warfare
against its progress; other discouragements continually
arose; but who will now say that" such and such things
shall be a barrier against the exertion of man's energy,
and thwart his will?" The Plymouth Breakwater
stands, healing the silent record that, humanly speaking,
nothing impossible to him:—it stands, a monument of
man's
skill, and energy, and daring ; rivalling the pyra-
mids in extent and durability, and the incomparably
more honourable to humanity, because more useful, than
they.— Warlern hIOIIIIIIIPV.