The Sun.
London, England, 1849-07-16 00:00:00

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[PRICE SD.

TO THE SECRETARY OF THE
METROPOLITAN REFORM ASSOCIATION.
Sir,—On Wednesday the 11th, the House was
occupied, and with no very decisive result, in endea-
vouring to ascertain the meaning of " Opaque Smoke."
A Bill is introduced which is to place the owners of
tall chimneys at the mercy of an informer who shall
undertake to swear that he has witnessed the issue of
any " opaque smoke." Notwithstanding the seg-
ge:d,ed difficulties, I would submit that " opaque
smoke" , means smoke that can be seen. Whether
there is any such thing as smoke that cannot be seen,
or smoke that is not opaque, is what the authors of
the phrase_ are alone responsible for. It shlll be ad-
mitt.A, and in all probability is the simple truth, that.
" opaque smoke" means any smoke at all, its exist-
ence being determinable by the only sense by which
anybody ever proceeded to discover smoke, the sight.
The case therefore is to stand thus. A manufacturer
is to be fined five pounds every time any interested
witness chooses t.) declare he saw smoke. It is
not to be much smoke, or annoying smoke, or smoke
amounting to what anybody will declare a
nuisance; but if the smoke of the stoker's tobacco-
pipe should make itself visible to the naked eye of the
curious bystander, it is a smoke under the Bill. Things
of this kind are the after-blows which are brought
against the manufacturing interest since their suc-
cess upon the Corn Laws; and it the 'manufacturing
interest does not know, bow to defend itself against
them, the time will come when it will have to defend
itself against something else.
On Thursday it was determined in Committee to
move for :eave to bring in a Bill for altering the laws
relating to Pilotage;. and another for " improving
tt ee
Merchantconclit io
se
of"
'ter% Motes, and Seamen in

From old connexions with the interests concerned,
I feel desirous of intimating that in these proposed
Bills there is both good and evil, and that they
should be well sifted and looked after, in order to
secure the good and escape the evil.
The object of the Pilotage Bill, so far as seen,
appears to be, to free the merchants from unnecessary
charges fur pilotage ;—that is to say, from being
obliged to pay for pilots where pilots are not wanted
and could be done withcut. On which the remark is
obvious, that it would be well to diminish the charge
for pilots, to the extent that will not equally raise the
charge fur underwriters. It is better a ship should
have too much piloting than too little ; as there can
be no doubt the underwriters will perfectly
understand.

! In the other Bill, for improving the condition of
• Masters, &c. I cannot help suspecting that the
words " condition of" are to some extent superfluous,
and that the Bill is directed to improving the indi-
viduals themselves ; on its effectiveness for which
end, there may allowably be some doubt. With mere
acquaintance with the merchant service than pro-
bably the majority of the House of Commons, I can-
not undertake to say I ever saw either master or mate
who was palpably unfit for his situation. Such things
have been heard of, as an owner's son going in com-
mand of a snip, with an old mate to take care of him,
as what the sailors unceremoniously call a " nurse ;"
and the same thing, with the same term attached to
it, has been heard of in the navy in the case of a
young captain of high family with an old firt lieu-
tenent of undoubted nautical experh-nce. But the
facts hardly make cut a necessity for novel legislation.
On on point the seafaring part of the community
ought to rally «bent the Government. It was inti-
mated that the intention of the Government was to
abandon the Registration of Seamen, which means that
it gives up the intention of resorting to impressment
on the occturence of a war. As the Government was
not unnecessarily distinct, the secret might have been
kept, but for the zeal of a Conservative man-of-war's-
men in the House, who stood up and protested against
the intention of the Government. The seafaring part
of the community, therefore, are fore-armed.
In connexion with the Bill for legaliiug marriage
with a deceased wife's sister, an unusual circumstance
has taken place. The proposal to subject the par-
liamentary legislAtion to the d:)guns of churches by
excepting Scotland. and Ireland from the operation of
the Bill, was on the 4th of July rejected by a ma-
jority of 119 against 66. Yet after this clear decla-
ration on the subject, on the 9th appears a notice by
the mover of the Bill, that on the consideration of
the Report he will move a proviso that nothing in
the Bill shall extend to affect the powers of the
Church Courts in Scotland ; thereby leaving those
it was intended to relieve, exposed to all that can be
inflicted on them by the perpetuation of the
ecclesiastical stigma. Of course a parallel amend-
ment appears on the same page, for extending the like
provision to the Church of England ; and it is im-
possible to suppose, that if one is conceded, the other
must not. On the whole it is as if Mr. Wilberforce
after carrying his Bill against the Slave Trade through
the previous stages, had been found moving
a proviso in the latest, " that Liverpool
be a free port." Everybody knows, that the
substantial object of the Bill was to g.in a step in
repressing the hostile operation of Established
Churches upon the civil welfare of the community ;
and to let the public down on this point, is the same
kind of move as supposed in the case suggested.
There is probably not a single Member who voted for
the Bill, who has not done it at the expense of in-
curring the displeasure of some portion of his con-
stituents who do not share in his opinions on the
subject. And why this sacrifice should be incurred
for the sake of a slave-trade abolition with Liverpool
a free port, it is not easy to descry.
It may, therefore, be a matter of serious considera-
tion, whether the best thing both for Members and
for the suff, rers whom they wish to serve, would
not be to vote against the emasculated Bill on the
Third Reading, and let somebody try again with
better chances.

On the same evening, eighteen Members went
through the process of " dying on the floor of the
House," to oppose a motion for voting a sum of
361,8001. without waiting for the reportof a Committee
which had been sitting on the subject. And they
were not martyrs for nothing ; for they carried their
point for delay. The absolute value of tha delay
may be of comparatively small moment; but the im-
portant thing was, that a warning was given of the
unadvisablenes of breaking the apostolic precept,
that " all things be done decently and in order."
The business on Friday consisted in Committee on
Stil.ply, varied with debates on questions connectei
with Inland, of which it was not easy to define the
beginning or the end.

I am, Sir, your obedient Eervant,
AN OLD REFORMER.
London, July la, 1849.

DEPARTURE OF THE EGYPTIAN
SURE.ti FRIGATE SHARKIE.
PORTSMOUTH SUNDAY. -- The Sharkie, Egyptian
s!e3ca-frigate, left Spithead on Saturday evening, at five.
o'clo:k, under steam for Gibraltar, en route to Alexan-
dria. Iler flee old commander, or admiral, as ho is
called on board, and all the officers, more particularly the
first lieutenant, &liana Nenv rn Bey, have gained gol-
den opinions at Portsmouth, as they did in the Thames,
for the courteous ci‘ility and hospitality they exhibited
to the various parties of ladies and geatlernen who visited
their splendid vessel for curiosity and information. We
speak from experience, and can safely assert that for
int,rior order and cleanliness the Sharkis is nothing in-
ferior to our own war-steamers. The crew are also well
clad, but are (with the exception of Hafiz Bay himself,
and some of the officers, who are fine-looking men)
emaciated and diminutive in their appearance, though
active and intelligent. Captain Purcell, of the Superb,
visited the Sharkie on Friday ' • and on Saturday
Hafia Bey and a number of her officers visited the
Superb. After going round the ship they lunched on
on board her with Captain Purcell. On Friday
the Shackle took on board the state barge that has
been built for the Paella of Egypt by Mr. Camper,
the yacht builder of Gosport. This boat is ei nilar
in size, in model, and in her paint work and gilding to
her Majesty's state barge. The Sharkie also takes out
for the use of the Pacha and his son several English-
built carriages with eight horses, four being of the Eng-
lish breed, and four French, with an English coachman
and groom to look atter them. A few days ago one oft
the French horses kicked the horse-box to pieces, got
adrift, and galloped round the deck, puttingo..t oefoere the
Egyptian crew to the rout, and it f_)
horse had done some serious injury
tsoects red.
wahilself and to
several of the crew, that he could
llafiz Bey is a strict disciplinarian,beand awards summary
of discipline occurs. A few
punishment when a breach
days ago one of the crew struck a subordinate officer,
and the Boy ordered him
seized, and thrown on the
.i k on his face, his arms and
legs extended,
and on each 100 lashes. The man wat
Et .e sat an Egypt* ; two
othera, with a ropo gasket, proceeded to inflict the pu-
nishment over the breech without the removal of the
clothes. 'Tho culprit cried out piteously, while receiving
the first forty strokes, after which ha lay quiet; after
receiving the 100 stripes he was lifted up, and when
being conveyeel away made some ob: oxious remark, for
which he was again laid prostrate, and received an
additional twenty stripes with the gaskets. Notwith-
standing this rigorous punishment, the Egyptian crew
are said to be happy and comfortable, and that punish-
ment of this sort is only aaata:ed in aggravated cases.

ST. FISHERY.—The tew boats em-
iNycd on the mackerei fishery have been taking as
as no° ti,h, wnich have hem sold o 10.7,. and 15s.
aundr4d of six score. The te,:or;, giver: by those on
this employ is that there is a great vantity of pil-
chards eight and ten leagues from the land, but none
have as. yet been descried from the hills on the coast.—
Cornwall Gazette.

Gt---<4,

,J 1) STATES.

HE AMERICA.

'OL, SUNDAY EVENING.
belonging to the British
and North American Royal Mail Company, after
another of her speedy and successful trips across the
Ocean, reached our port this afternoon about four
o'clock.

She brings a fair complement of pasiengers, and
her Majesty's Mails from Canada, New Brunsvricic,
Nova Scotia, the United States, &c.

The America left Boston on the 4th-instant, and
Halifax, where she had put in to receive the mails
and passengers from British America on the 7th ; her
advi.2es, therefore, extend as follows :---In audition to
the dates given from Boston and Halifax, she brings
accounts from New Yotk to the 4th, Philadelphia,
Ba!timc.re, and Charleston to the 33, Mobile end
Montreal to the 24i, and New Orleans to the Ist.
The intelligence, though not more than ordinarily
iroportrA, is somewhat more interesting than usual.
The West India mail steamship Clyde had arrived
at MAile.

The British and North American mail steam-ship
Hibernia, which we kern by last arrival had put into
Halifax, subsequently arrived at New York; and the
Canada, which sailed hence on the 23d ult., had
reached Halifax, and proceeded onwards to Boston.
The most important, as it is the most alarming, fea-
ture of intelligence brought the America is the
rapid spread of cholera, which is now raging with
extreme malignity in many parts of the Union.
Notwithstanding all the sanitary efforts of the ad-
thorities in New York (and these in some instances
enforced with violence, such as pulling down or
clearing filthy houses against the will of the in-
habitants), the disease was spreading in the city.
Not only were the cases more numerous, but the
proportion of deaths was greater and the con-
tagion WAS more equelly divided amongst the several
classes of society. Among the other cities and towns
more severely visited are St. Louis and Cincinnati,
whilst in Texas, Tennessee, and in some of the
boats on the larger rivers many fatal cases are re-
ported. It is not .so alarming at New Orleans,
Mobile, bcce, .as . might have been expected. Several
deaths are also reported from extreme heat and sun
strokes, the latter of which seem to be very common
throughout the southern portion of the Union. The
spread of cholera had cast a gloom over society at a
period generally joyous ; and if in the beginning of
July the health of the country is so effected, what
will it be until September, as that portion of the
year from July onwards is generally the most un-
healthy.
The arrival of Father Mathew, an event so long
anticipated in the States, is announced in our present
advices. The celebrated apostle of temperance met
a most enthusiastic reception, all classes joining
in testifying their admiration of the man and of the
cause of which he has been so successful an
advocate. The authorities of New York have pro-
vided proper accommodation for him at the expense
of the city, and invitations were pouring in upon Mtn
from all parts of America. It is not improbable that
his successes in America may equal, if not exceed,
those he has already experienced, there being a vast
Irish population in the leading cities and towns of the
Union similar in disposition and practice to those he
experimented upon in the sister kingdom.
The 4th of July was expected to be celebrated with
the usual eclat, notwithstanding the cautions and
advice which were put forth by the New York press
to avoid, in the present condition of affairs, any
unnecessary excitement.
The Mayor of New York was strictly enforcing
the closing of all taverns and public places of resort
on the Sabbath, and it .was Loped by this means to
aid in the suppression of disease.

A contribution for the Pope, proposed by that
prelatical meddler Bishop Hughes of New York, hai
given rise to much acrimony and "bid blood." The
accounts from Rome had created much feverish feeling
amongst th mixed population of the city, and the
brand thrown in at such a juncture was most inap-
propriate. The collection was taken up‘ in a few
churches in New York with even less success than
had been anticipated.
By way of counterpoise, it was proposed on the
celebration of the anniversary of independence to
send fbrth expressions of sympathy for all nations
in Europe evidencing republican feeling (Italy in-
cluded).

The anticipations formed as to disturbances iti
California era being verified. We have reports of
serious rioting having already taken place, the
particulars of which are not fully detailed. The
growing population were becoming discontented. Tne
waters were so high as to make the " placings " less
profitable than heretofore. Still new discoveries
were being made, as each exploring party moved to a
fresh district. Amongst the late arrivals are some
Mexicans, and a large influx from Oregon was ex-
pected. Bilious fever, ague, and diseases incidental
to the occupation of the people were prevalent. Some
of these are very fatal in their character, and speedy
in their work of death. It was supposed that they
would continue more or less for two or three months
from the last advices. The months of September,
October, and November were looked forward to with
much interest, as they were reckoned the best for
mining purposes. The want of ships' crews was
being very much felt, a large number of vessels lying
idle at San Francisco. Slavery had been introduced
by one or two parties; but it is said that, if per-
severed in, those who practice it will experience the
vengeance of the " diggers," and as every man goes
armed with a pistol and a dagger, it is not difficult
to conjecture in what form that vengeance will
manifest itself. Gambling is very prevalent in the
colony.
Canada is, if anything more agitated than when
the Cambria advices left. Although quietness pre-
vailed, the agitation was kept up and had a bad effect
upon trade, which was in a dull state. The cholera
is alluded to but slightlyin our present reports. The
League carried on its proceedings, and continued to
enrol a good number of partisans.
Our accounts from Mexico are rather more
alarming than they have been for some time past.
The guerilla attacks have sunk into insignificance
in presence of a spirit of insurrection which had
manifested itself in the Republic, and which had
caused much terror amongst the peaceably disposed.
The interference of the United States in.the California
territory was causing much jealousy in Mexico,
which might lead to unpleasant results.
The experiments in wheat growing at Texas have
been most successful, and have given satisfaction
to those interested in them.

The cotton corps in Georgia, Alabama, &c., are nckt
satisfactory spoken of.
We subjoin the commerial advices received by this
arrival.

Although money is reported to be tolerably plen-
tiful, no scarcity being felt, the tone of our advicein regard thereto is evidently not so satisfactory as
that received by the last few arrivals, and this view
would seem to be corroborated by our advices
regarding the state of
dturlaldeannaenraglulyis,hivinhgicchonis.
doubt by
mentioned as being in a
dition throughout the Union, _ol3, g no the extreme heat and the accounts of
progress
of disease.

The New York market for breadstuffs is reported
quiet, without any material changes in quotations,
which are given to us as follows ;—Western Canal
flour, 5 dolls. 50c. to 5 dolls. 621 c. ; Genesse prime
wheat, 08e. to 1 doll. per 601b5.; southern wheat,
1 doll. 04c. ditto; Indian corn, round yellow, steady
at 58c. to 60c. ; ditto southern white, 540. to 66c.;
Indian meal, 2 dolls. 871 c. to 3 dolls.
Cotton at New York was reported to he most
active. The demand was very good, morn than an
average business being transacted at advanced prices.
New Orleans and Mobile middling fair to fair is
quoted at Bic. to Dc., whilst Uplands and Florida
middling fair to fair is quoted at sic. to 810.1 an in-
crease on the whole of per cent.
Exchange on London rules from 109
fair buiiness
to 109 f, the
demand being good; Paris 5 25, with
doing; Hamburgh, 35 to 351;
Bremen,
em en 78 to 781-
uoted at 6 to 6.
Freight of grain to Liverpool is q
a
per bushel; cotton to 316 per lb.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
PORTSMOUTH, JULY 15.
PROMOTIONS.

Twyford, Mate;(1848); G. W. E. Lloyd, ditto; and
F. H. Smith, ditto, to the rank of lieutenant.
Tho Egyptian frigate Sharkie, Commodore Haft:A
Bey, sailed last night before sunset for the East.
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester, at-
tended by Lady Georgians Bathurst, the Hon. Colonel
Augustus Liddell, &c., passed through this port from
town en route to Osborne yesterday.
Mr. IL J. Challig, late of the Queen, has been ap-
pointed to the Growler, naval cadet.
Woomvictr, JULY 15.—The Vivid, Dover mail steam-
packet, Captain Smithett, arrived at Woolwich on
Friday afternoon to have some slight defects made good,
having been placed under orders of readiness by the Ist
of August, to form one of the royal squadron which will
accompany her Majesty to Ireland in the early part of
that month.
The Banshee, Holyhead mail steam-packet, .ers
Captain
W. Smithett, is at present refitting, being under or
to serve as one of the royal squadron in August next.
d
The Vesuvius steam-vessel is now in an advanced
state, and will leave Woolwich Ca Friday next for
Portsmouth.
Seamen's. Hospit,al. ship, is to be
The Droadcouht,
taken down the river to Woolwicr.hepoatirl4edi.iday next, to be
doTekheedFfiorrebihrbenduErtP:aBnie-cvfesbicei 114 had her steam up y ester
•
day, and will soon be ready as an advanced war-
steamer. She is at present under charge of Mr
Johnson,
th uTeganin, eersteamTw troop•ship, has had her steam up
basin, and sill ba ready for an experimental trial
river in the courso of the present week.
io thenhee
theonlr,