The Sun.
London, England, 1831-07-01 00:00:00

SPIRIT Oh THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

We observe, in the German and Paris Papers, that th
Government of Poland has announced the proposal of a
loan for the service of their country, to be called the loan .
of " Polish Succours." The amount is witted at
60,000,000 of florins, or between 2,000,0001. and
3.000,0001. sterling, and its repayment is to be secured
on all the revenues of the state, on the property'of the
nation, and particularly on the national domains over the
whule kingdom. It will be divided into 100,000 bonds
of 600 florins each. Its management its to be conducted
by the Bank of W.irsaw, which is authorized to open sub-
ecriprious for realizing it in all the chief towns in Poland,
and even in foreign countries. The bonds are to be trans-
ferable trout hand to band, without the stetessity of in
seription on the books of the Bank ; and the whole is to
be redeemed in 31 years, at a proportional rate each
year—the order of annual redetnption being determined
by lot. The Bank of Warsaw, in announcing the con-
tract to their own countrymen, displays areetiier gratifying
proof of that p itriotisin which has hitherto enobled the
Polish cause, and in which the directors of that esta-
blishment partake as largely as the rest of the Polish
nation. The address informs them, that though the
nation had, for the last six months, 4eri engaged in
on honourable and heroic struggle-, against an enemy
before whom the greatest nation's lately trembled,—that
although the blessings of 13rovidence upon their glorious
exertions had given the victory to those who combat for
their existence, their independence, and their most sacred
rights : and though the resources of the treasury anal the
vuluritary offerings of patriotism had hitherto been sufficient
to support the immense expenses of the army, and to cover
the charges of the civil aiministration,—it war fleets-are
now to look to futurity, to provide for acoetinuance of the
struggle, and to guard against than pecuniary embarrass-
ments which might comportnirse the result of their holy
efforts. The indecision of European Cabinets in post-
poning the acknowledgment of their independence, or in
declining to interfere in their favour; left them only the
barren sympathy of free nationas which, however grati-
fying to their feelings, afforded them no protection to
their rights, and supplied them with no aid against their
enemy. In these circumstances, they mainly depended on
their internal resources, and on the patriotism of their fel-
low-cit'zens in subscribing to this voluntary loan, towards
which toreieners might lend their aid if they chose to rely
upon Polish honour, which had hitherto never failed--and to
succour, by an apparent sacrifice of prevent interest, a cause
for which the Poles had already sacrificed so much, and for
which no sacrifice can be considered too high. We have been
delighted to see that the Pelts, noble in every things 'nave
been as noble in their disinterestedness as in their valour
and their passion for freedom. Their Government has
not sent the begging-box round among commercial nations
to obtain a char itale contribution in support of national
independence,—it has not tried to convert the admiration
of Europe into a levy of money,—it has not ettdeavoursd
Cr graft a swindling contract on popular enthusiasm,—it
has not sent the mortgage of its laws and labour to a com-
pany of jabbers, and the bulletins of its victories to be
estimated at so much per cent, on the Stock Exchange.
hitherto the Poke have avoided the contamination of pa-
terotic jobbers, and interested traffickers in liberty, who
would sign a contract with the Czar to crush the inde •
penuence of Poland, or with the Polish Government to
resist the arms of the ()tar, to gain a half per cent. by the
turn of the market. If they are now obliged to ask for
additional aid, after having converted the jewels of their
ladies and the estates of their nobles into cannon and arms
for defence,—if they are now compelled to draw further
un the national resources, for the support of na-
tional existence,—it is to their own people that they
make the appeal for the loan of Polish succours, and only
in the second place to foreigners, who, seeing the example
of their domestic-credit and confidence, may allow the
overflowing of their admiration for their cause to display
itself in accepting a bond on their public faith. Modern
warfare is an expensive and terrible, though, in the care of
the Poles, a necessary trade. To resist cannon, you must
found or buy cannon ; to combat a well-appointed artil-
i sty, you roust bring artillery against it; to withstand dis-
ciplined troops armed with the musket and the bayonet,
you must provide your defenders with muskets and hay=
onets ; to keep an army of 100,000 men in the field ready
for action, y eau must organise a commissariat, and collect
provisions from a distance. The means of transport—the
establishment of magazities—the support of hospitals—the
pay of the soldiers, in order to prevent pillage—and nu-
merous other charges must be added to the sums necessary
for purchasing arms and equipping an army. All this
requires pecuniary resources of no small amount.—
Besides this, the peasantry and inhabitants of Poland
on the line of hostile operations have been ruined,
their fields ravaged, and their dwellings destroyed.—
The necessary repair of these calamities is another
source of expense which humanity as well as policy
dictates to a patriotic government. Pikes and scythes.
and volunteer patriotism, and moral force, are very good
and necessary in a war like that which the Poles are now
called upon to sustain ; but they are not all that is ne-
cessary. The rudest army which in modern time has
combatted for the national independence, required finan-
cial resources which, though they neither confer valour or
patriotism, are necessary to give them their full rfficiency
and to secure their ultimate triumph. Napoleon used to
say that I'rovidence always decided in favour of the Bros
Latailions, and though Polish enthusiasm and Polish valour
may render the maxim inapplicable to the present struggle,
still some proportion must be maintained in equipment and
expence between the patriot troops and the army of
the invader. This cannot be done without the pro-
po-ed Polish succours, and probably the cannon which
are destined to he heard at St. Petersburgli, and to frighten
back to_ their inhospitahle regions the hordes of Musco-
vite barbarians, must be paid from out of this patriotic
fund. Were foreign free nations to contribute, it
might be called " the stock of mutual assurance
against despotism," instead of " Polish succours.'
Since writing the foregoing observations we have
received papers and letters from Paris and from Warsaw,
which give gratifying intelligence of the progress of the
Polish arms, and hold out the best prospects of their ulti-
mate success. The insurrection in the Russo-Polish pro-
vinces, instead of beim; arrested, is extending with great
rapidity and with invincible force. Lithuania and Sarao-
gitia will soon, it is hoped, be able to drive out their op-
pressors, to establish their independence, and to send
Deputies to the National Diet at Warsaw. General Giel-
guo, whose corps the Russians bowed that they bad cut
off, is found at the heal of 4,000 men, instead of the
10,000 with whom he crossed the Narew, and is pro-
ceeding towards Wilna and the sea coast in his victo-
rious career. In Samogitia, 20,000 insurgents are said to
be under arms; and the commander-in-Chief has trans-
mitted to the Government the report of a victory gained
by a party of the same gallant people in the province of
trolhynia. From these successes we hope more than Irons
the interference of the free States of Europe; though we

are not disposed to doubt or to underrate the active re-
monstr .nees of our own Govermw nt, or that of France,
against the barbarous warfare which the Emperor Nicho-
las cantinas to was against the Poles.— Times.
There are two classes of men desirous of throwing im-
pediments in the way of the Reform Bill—the one con-
sisting of those who have no solid claim to the esteem
of their fellow-citizens, who derive all their consequence
from the shouts of the most ignorant of the mob, and who,
in times of tranquillity, would consequently sink into in-
significance—the Other consisting of those who derive
their consequence from their power to impede the working
of the State machine, who must, consequently, be pur-
chased by the Government for the time being, and who,
after a Reform, would equally lose their importance.
With the exception of these two classes, the whole com-
munity look forward to Reform as the greatest of blessings,
and dread, above all things, the occurrence of any accident
by which it may either be delayed or purchased at the ex-
pence of the tranquillity of the country. The rich man
looks forward to Reform as the only means by which the
Government can be conducted with ecoromy, and by which
t:inflation can be secured ag tinst the revolution, to which
ait
increasing profusion in our expenditure, at home and
abroads must otherwise lead ; the man who possesses only
a small property
hopes that Reform will prevent his being
stript of that property,
and consigned to hopeless beggary.
All the honest are
Reform—peaceable Reform ;—ail
the fraudulent are opposed 4: to it. We hold every opponent
of the Reftrut Bill to i,h
as much a thief and a robber in
his heart, as the who strips the traveller in Spain
and Italy. Toe motive which els the tongue of the
one, is the same that impels them:
whichhe
fie of the other—to
live on the pr since of that tor
istofahm,taiesneotretaniakr-11.s
There were some curious illustrations
alfirded last night, in the course of a
mo-
tion of Mr. Alderman Wood's for the reduction of a u
salaries of all public officers to the scale of 1797 of
t\V
'oust here express our regret that Mr. Alderman 14r0.:41
should have wade a motion like this, which can only ha%e
the all ct of embarrassing Ministers, at a time when, God
knows, they have quite enough on their hands to occupy
them. We acquit the Worthy Alderman, however, of any
intention to embarrass them ; but there ate men whti•
must constantly be busied with something, and who drettl
n so much as seeing things go on satisfactorily with-
out them. Lord Althorp stated candidly what 'Ministers
had already done in the way of retrenchment, and what
they were doing. They bad begun with the bighor.