The Sun.
London, England, 1849-05-24 00:00:00

ADELPHI THEATRE.

Last evening witnessed one of the greatest triumphs
of the theatrical season of 1849—the benefit of no less
a favourite of the English public than Madame Celeste.
The house, crowded to the very ceiling, and by no means
stinting in its plaudits, testified the high estimation
in which the talents of that accomplished artiste is held,
and showed that a London audience still retains, to the
full, the capacity of appreciating true histrionic ability.
Of Madame Celeste we might without exaggeration re-
peat some of those beautiful epithets of panegyric which on
Monday evening were so happily pronounced in re-
ference to another gifted lady, the Queen of tragedy,
by Mr. Charles Dickens. The archness, the pathos,
the elegance, the nervous and impassioned energy of
the acting of Madame Celeste, are familiar to
ninety• nine out of every hundred who may chance
to read this paragraph in the metropolis. And these
qualities it is which have secured to Madame Celeste the
regard and admiration which were so strikingly evinced
towards her by her numerous and enthusiastic audience
of last evening. The drama in which the fair directress
made her appearance was one which has recently risen
into a very masked and deserved popularity—the eccen-
tric but witty and sparkling drama hight The Devil's
Violin, and the Revolt of the Flowers. No one who
witnessed the " performance" on the Devil's Violin yes-
terday could fail to recognise in it—one of those legiti-
mate Adelphi bits, of which Buckstone's Green Bushes
was an example. Among the other attractions of the
entertainment, was the appearance of Mrs. Glover
in the first piece, Who's Your Friend? or the
Queensberry Fete, in which Mr. Webs'er himself was the
Giles Fairland; also the drolleries of Going
to the Derby, in which Paul Bedford was the
John James Chuck and Wright the preposterous Jere-
miah Twiddle. Madame Celeste has every cause for
congratulation upon her splendid reception last night at
the Adolphi.

Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office from the Governors of the West India Colonies.
LEEDS, CORN EXCHANGE, MAY 22. —Our supply of wheat
this week is large ; moderate of other grain. The wheat
trade is slow to-day, and where sales are effected, rather lower
rates have to be submitted to, In beans, oats, and shelling no
alteration.

febetning
LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY 24, 1849.

" That which ALEXANDER attemped, the British
Indian army has accomplished." Those are expres-
sions contained in the farewell addressed to his
soldiers by the Conqueror of Goojerat ; and they
have reference to an achievement, the importance
and magnitude of which can only be rightly esti-
mated by posterity. That achievement is the formal
annexation of the Punjaub to the British dominions
in Hindostan—an event announced in a proclama-
tion, dated the 29th of March, 1849, and issued by
order of his Excellency, the Earl of DALHOUSIE. By
this extraordinary proceeding, our empire has been
enhanced by the acquisition of a territory larger in
dimensions than the whole of the islands
of Great Britain put together the Punjaub
extending over an arca of 100,000 square miles,
watered by the Indus and its tributaries, containing
a population of three millions and a half, and 'yielding,
even under its recent mismanagement, an annual
revenue of one million sterling. The quietude, com-
paratively speaking, with which this final decision
has been arrived at, and the positive apathy with
which the intelligence is received in England, are of
themselves sufficiently indicative of the vastness of

that great empire which has diffused the dorninatio
of the Anglo-Saxon ra,2e throughout the various
clinic es of the g;(,bo, and into all the
in,bitable recesses of both hz_iniEpheres. When
a little snore than seventy years ago DUPLEIX was
forming to himself the project of increasing the glory
of the Bourbons by the spoliation of the Asiatics, it
was scarcely conjectured that before another century
should have elapsed, the vast and populous peninsula of
the East—a country abounding in all the riches and
adorned with all the magnificence peculiar to the
Orientals—would become the property, the sole and
undisputed property of England. Yet such, as history
has already narrated, has actually been the case--
such has actually been the consequence of
the conspiracy at Pondicherry. Our dominion in that
quarter of the earth stretches northwards as far as
the range of the Caucasus, and southwards to the
extremity of Cape Comorin ; it reaches even across
Palk's Strait and the Gulf of Manaar to the noble
i.land of the CingaleEe ; it spreads eastwards
to the Himalayas, and westwards to Beloochistan;
it is diffused through the whole of the provinces
traversed by the waters of the Indus and the
Ganges ; it comprises the treasures in specie
and jewels, in precious stones and precious
metals, accumulated by a succession of despotic
rulers, as well as fruitful regions prolific in rice
and all the other varieties of Asiatic vegetation•
In the acquisition of this remarkable territory, the
fame of England has no doubt been sullied by some
crimes, and before the re-organization of her Indian
Government by CravE, by many atrocious cruelties.
Nevertheless, it will be acknowledged by all
future ages that the evils entailed upon the
Asiatic multitudes by the subjugation of Hindostac
by England have been immeasurably more than
counterbalanced by the blessings conferred upon them
by British law and European civilization. And
among all the successive conquests and annexations
which have marked the progress of our arms in the
East, not one can be mentioned more perfectly just"
fiable, more obviously necessary, or more strictly
honourable in every particular than the conquest of
the Seikhs and the annexation of the Punjaub.

a

It must be borne in recollection, that in reducing
the Ilindostanees to obedience we have acted
very differently than in bringing the Redskins
into a state of vassalage. The Iroquois and the
other tribes of that noble race, the abo-
rigines of America, were—it can never be
forgotten so long as the name of GEORGE CATLIN is
preserved in remembrance, so long as a charm cone
tinues to be attached to La Longue Carabine, so long
as a heart can throb or an eye can weep over the
melodious and pathetic verse of " Gertrude of
Wyoming"—unpolluted by vice and gifted with all
those moral and physical attributes which are
the most calculated to ennoble man when in a condi'
tion of natural vigour and primitive simplicity. 1
dealing with the inhabitants of the Eastern peninsula
we were, on the contrary, dealing with a race enere
vated to a state of unexampled degeneracy—a race
habituated, generation after generation, to all the
villanies of chicanery, cruelty, and despotism. AnY
change likely to introduce amongst them the practice
of honesty and the principles of justice could not fail
to be beneficial ; and especially was this probable if
with those general practices and abstract
principles were introduced also the benign
and humanizing dogmas of Christianity, and the
elevating enlightenment of Civilization. Again, and
more particularly, in regard to the conquest of the
Seikhs and the annexation of the Punjaub—that con'
quest, that annexation are the result not of Bpi
treachery, not of any selfish lust of spoliation,
but of a glaring and unavoidable necessity. When the
Jannissary bands of Lahore, mustering under the
banners of their Chieftains, made an unprovoked in"
cursion upon the territories of British India by cross'
ing the current of the Sutlej—upon them, and upon
them alone, rested the responsibility of the possible,
nay, we should rather say, the inevitable consequences
of that expedition. They it was who threw down
the gauge of war. They it was who forced upon the
comprehension of our Government the conviction
that there remained no security for our
possessions so long as the Sutlej con-
tinued to be our northern boundary. For
a time the necessary result of this flagrant
act of defiance on the part of the Seikhs was post-
poned. For a time the dangerous necessity of still
further annexation was delayed—dangerous we soft
because of the already gigantic dimensions of
our dominions. A second act of perfidy and
defiance--coupled this time with two most
dastardly and execrable murders—reduced the
Supreme Council at Calcutta to the acknowledgment
that our policy was confronted to this decisive alter-
native—either to annex the Punjaub to our dominions
after beating down the insolence of its tree'
cherous and rebellious warriors, or to con"
tinue matters in their present state with the
certainty of the periodical recurrence of these murders
and insurrections. Acting upon the only possible
determination that could be come to, Lord DO'
ROUSIE has caused the little Maharaja Maas°
SINGH to sign away his crown. His Excellency has
driven back the boundary line to the Caucasian Mono'
tains, he has annexed for ever to British India the
famous country of the Five Rivers. This he has been
enabled to accomplish thus rapidly by the triumlill
of our brave soldiers over the two most warlike an
redoubtable races of the East, and by the heroism f
the veteran Commander-in-Chief, his Excellency the
Lord GOUGE'. So decisive was the brilliant victor"'
gained by that eminent soldier at Goojerat, that the
march of Sir WALTER GILBERT after the fugitives
—a march which will be long remembered in •the
records of our Indian warfare for its admirable Pre'
cision and its astonishing rapidity—was mad:
without crossing swords with the enemy. DC''
MAHOMED has fled through the Kyber Pass in
t°
Affghanistan. The MOOLRAJ is to be tried and
subjected to a fitting punishment. Cour!
SINGH and SHERE SINGH are, as is generally be'
lieved, to be imprisoned for life. The boy MAU
RAJA, is to receive a pension of four lacs per annion'
with a suitable residence ; and, as among the
most striking trophies of our recent successes,
the celebrated diamond, one of the largest'
if not the largest diamond in the world,
known among lapidaries as the Koh-i-neer'
or Mountain of Light, is to be presented to he;
most gracious MAJESTY, and will henceforth shed
its cloudy radiance from the diadem of Queen
VICTORIA.
One thing can assure to the British Government
that the acquisition of the Punjaub is an advantage,
and not a curse, and a cause of involvement : and that
thing is the laying down of trunk railways through'
out Hindostan. We look for this as a consunune:
tion of the great deeds already achieved by the svv°lch
of GOUGH and the counsels of DALHOUSIE.

We have repeatedly directed the public attentioo
to the Attachments Bill, introduced by the Honour;
able Member for the city of Dublin. We had hoped
that this measure, so important not only to the vier
cantile and trading interests of Ireland, but to 618
English merchants and manufacturers, who sell the",
goods on credit to Irish dealers, would long sinecie
have passed the House of Commons. It was receive 5
with general approbation ; none denied the gi.,°9e
abuses to which it gave rise, none could u:
fend the existing system, which led to result:
such as those so clearly and ably exliese3
by ME. REYNOLDS. It was shown that It
occasioned the greatest frauds, enabled maligntitilhe
scoundrels to indulge their vindictive feelings in "A
most oppressive manner, frequently inflicting irre; r
rable injury on perfectly solvent parties; that it via,
freely resorted to by persons with doubtful or "/";
puted claims, to enforce a settlement of their unjti9j
demands, of demands sustained by the most open 910
unblushing perjury, and that in many cases it
adopted as a means of sweeping off the enti.v,
property of an insolvent trader, and dePrlds
ing the fair creditors of the reasonable dividers.ce
which might otherwise have been obtained. N° y°i,s;
was raised in defence of those iniquitous proceedia%,
no person, could be found to advance a single arg
ment in support of these flagrant abuses ; yet a trifi!..rght
obstacle has hitherto retarded the progress of the J:0
and equitable measure now under the considerate
u,O
i
of Parliament—an obstacle utterly insignificant der in
ve
comparison with the great advantages to be ,otai
from a judicious alteration of the law, and the
abolition of proceedings by attachment. ea of
It may be well here to state briefly the nature
the process of which Mr. li,grzior.Ds, on behalf °f O-

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numerous constituents, so justly complains. Attach-
ments are of a twofold character—firKt, the ordinary
attachment of goods and cl-att,ls, the property of the
alleged debtor ; secondly, what is termed the foreign
attachment, where proceedings are taken to seiz.,
!Ton the goods, moneys, or credits of the debtor in the
hands of a third party, who is brought into Court on
the allegation that he has property in his hands he
longing _
to, or is himself indebted to the real de-
fendant, which claim it is sought to transfer to the
Claimant.
In the first instance an affidavit is sworn, either by
the plaintiff himself or some person on his behalf, be-
fore the Lord Mayor or Recorder, stating that the cause
or causes of action, and that the debt was within the
jurisdiction of the Court, or (where the amount
claimed is under 201) that one of the defendants
resides within the jurisdiction, and that there is
reason to fear that the claim is in danger
of being lost unless an attachment be granted against
the goods of the defendant. It will be noticed that
even the poor security afforded by the plaintiff being
required to swear personally to the validity of his
claim is wanting. The affidavit of any person who
Professes to be personally acquainted with the cir-
cumstances of the case, and to speak to the facts of
his own knowledge, is sufficient ; the process there-
upon issues, and the stock in trade or goods of
the defendant are forthwith seized by the Marshal
of the Court, without any notice whatever,
and without his being allowed an opportunity
of averting an act so injurious to his character and
credit—perhaps occasioning his utter ruin. If bail
be not given within twenty-four hours in double the
amount of the alleged debt, the goods are removed
....fr°lll the premises where they were taken to the
Marshal's stores, who is entitled to certain fees for
atoreage, &c. The bail to be given is not analogous
to that required when arrest on mesne process was
sanctioned. It is not merely for the appearance of
the defendant, and for his being forthcoming to
abide the judgment of the Court, which might
Perhaps easily be obtained, but it provides
for the full payment by the sureties of such sums as
may be decreed to the plaintiff, including the casts of
the suit. It may easily be conceived how difficult it
is for the small trader (and such persons are gene-
rally the victims of these oppressive and harassing
Proceedings) to procure two persons resident within
the borough, able and willing to become security for
the full satisfaction of the debt, within so short a time.
711 e mere fact of the seizure induces former
friends to stand aloof, and if anything should be due
to themselves to adopt immediate proceedings to
obtain payment thereof. A removal, there-
fore, generally takes place. A public exposure
Is the inevitable consequence. The credit of the un-
fortunate sufferer is wholly blasted, he can no longer
carry on business as he had previously been accus-
tomed, and his prospects in life are irretrievably
ruined by the undue facilities afforded to some per-
sonal enemy or rival in trade who may choose to put
this oppressive law into operation. The goods so
removed—perhaps of a fragile description—are also
materially deteriorated in value. If, as we are told,
three removals are as bad as one fire, it may readily be
'conceived what damage will be inflicted by the
'careless hands of the Marshal's bailiffs and
assistants in bringing the goods to the stores and
re-
turning them, if the defendant should be so
fortunate as to procure the necessary bail.
If bail be not given within twenty-four days
after seizure, the goods are sold by the Marshal's
auctioneer, and the proceeds, after deducting fees of
,i-s• in the pound upon any sum under 1001., and 6d.
In the pound on all above that amount, the cost of
storeage, removal, advertisements, and a variety of
other demands, are lodged in court to abide the event
of the suit.

The proceedings under a foreign attachment are of
a very circuitous and expensive character. Want of
Space unfortunatel, prevents us from detailing the vex-
atious course adopted—a course equally injurious and
toPpressive to the alleged debtor and to the garnishee,
e., the third party who is asserted to have property
in his hands belonging to the real defendant, or to be
indebted to him in any amount. In many instances
the process is resorted to by a party in collusion with
the debtor to coerce payment of a fictitious claim
against the garnishee, which it may be supposed he
will rather settle than undergo the annoyance, ex-
posure, and expence of a trial in the Borough Court,
a tribunal not very celebrated for the soundness or
legality of its decisions.

REYNOLDS,
This then is the system which ar.
'with the full consent and
.approbation, indeed at the
express desire, of the commercial community, wishes
to abolish. Every resident in the Irish metropolis,
Or in any of the various boroughs throughout the
country subjected to a similar jurisdiction, is mate-
rially in the speedy abatement of so in-
tolerable a nuisance. The English manufacturers
are
se equally. The goods which they sell upon credit
to a person believed to be respectable and solvent
May be swept away the very day of their arrival
by a collusive juggle between the purchaser
and some friend, or relative, who can obtain a third
Person to swear an affidavit of debt, which can easily
be effected, when there is an absolute certainty that
judgment will be suffered by default, or at least that
110 effectual resistance will be offered to the recovery
of the fictitious demand. Why then should any diffi-
culty
be suffered to prevail? Why should these ad •
witted
evils be tolerated for a single moment ?
There are,
it appears, three functionaries who
realise considerable profits from these transactions.
The
Marshal and his two bailiffs have, it
aPPears, held their offices for a considerable
period, and they claim compensation for the losses
they will undoubtedly sustain if the process of at-
tachment be altogether abolished. However oppres-
sive the practice, or objectionable the proceedings,
they are not in fault ; they were public officers
appointed to execute what (however faulty) was most
unquestionably the law of the land ; and their
offices being invariably held for life, or during good
behaviour, they had reasonable grounds to suppose
that no change would be made that would
involve them in comparative poverty and
destitution without some provision being
made for their losses. The amount involved does
not, we believe, exceed some 5001. or COO/. a year at
the outside; but by whom should these annuities be
payable ? The Chancellor of the Exchequer objects
to any alteration that may possibly occasion a charge
upon the Consolidated Fund. He acknowledges the
importance of the measure, the vast benefits to be
derived from its adoption to her MAJESTY'S subjects
generally, to those tax-payers by whom the national
Exchequer is replenished ; but he refuses compensation
because the parties claiming it are the servants of the
Dublin Corporation, and he declares that most of it
should (if not all) be paid from the municipal funds. The
Corporation, on the contrary, declare that their funds
will not be in any degree benefited by the alteration ;
that it is the public generally who will reap the ad-
vantage, and who should consequently pay for it.
They also declare that the claimants were not ap-
Pointed by them ; that they were legacies ((konnise
luereditates) bequeathed by their predecessors of the
unreformed Corporation, and they positively and dis•
tinctly, and as we think very correctly, refuse
to be saddled with any new liability. 0 Wing to
the obstinacy of Sir CHARLES Wool), the abomina-
tions to which we have above referred are to be per-
petuated, or grievous injustice is to be perpetrated
on three
persons, who are to be stripped of their
eituations without any equivalent lest some few
hundreds per annum, might be charged on the public
Purse for the few remaining days of these old men s
lives. Now we are as anxious for every just economy
as Sir CHARLES Wool) himself. We would as
strongly object to the perpetration of a job as any of
the Ministers ; but England is not yet so bankrupt
in resources, that a gross injustice should be perpe-
tuated to save a few paltry hundreds per annum.
Compensation should be given to the Marshal and
bailiffs, and the Consolidated Fund is the only source
from which that compensation is properly payable.
So many difficulties, such economical scruples, would
not be interposed if the claimants were some titled
einecurists or hereditary pensioners with Parliamen-
tary influence to sustain their demands for annual
thousands; but unfortunately, in the present instance,
they are men without rank or influence, who can only
rely upon the justice and equity of their cases, and
the smallness of the amounts required, and of course
they are to be treated with supercilious contumely.
Mr. REYNOLDS, himself, suggested a mode by
which the matter might be equitably and fairly ar.

ranged. He proposed that certain fees should be
levied in the proceedi:ig that might be substituted
for the old ..,ttachaient, cut of which not only the
500/. a year to these parties, but even the 1,5001. a
year to the Recorder (now payable by Government),
might be provided for. We have not yet heard whether
this straightforward and reasonable proposition will
be acceded to by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
It ought to be so at least, and if the anticipations of
the Honourable Member for Dublin, as to the pro-
bable amount of the fund be realised, all parties will
be satisfied, and the removal of the Recorder's salary
from the national Exchequer will convince the Minister
of Finance that, in public as well as in private mat-
ters, " Honesty will ever be the best policy."

L'HE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.

The debate on the Russian invasion of Hungary
was not brought to a conclusion on Tuesday. An
attempt to give the question the go-by by moving
the order of the day proved unsuccessful, it having
been rejected by a majority of 459 to 53. The dis-
cussion was to have been resumed yesterday, and it
was considered probable that the amendment to N.
JOLY'S resolution, which was proposed by General
CAVAIGNAC, would be adopted. This amendment is
somewhat less violent than the resolution, yet still it
cannot but be considered as a warning to the
Reactionary Powers, inasmuch as it calls upon the
Government to adopt the measures necessary for the
energetic protection of the country. The difference,
however, is of small importance, as is justly observed
by the National :
We care not what form of amendment be accepted,
provided it expresses this—that the French Republic
accepts the challenge thrown down by absolutism, and
that it be sgnified to Austria and to Russia, that the
Republic will appeal to the sword if the Russians do not
at once evacuate Hungary, and if the Austrians remain
a day longer before Venice, or in the Roman States or
Tuscany."
And the amendment of General CAVAIGNAC certainly
goes to this extent. Indeed it is evident, from the
manifesto of tho Emperor of RussiA, that France
has no choice left but to become, as Austria has be-
come, a Russian province, or to drive back the bar-
baric armies of the CZAR to their native wilds.

The Messager du Midi publishes a long account of
an enzeute which took place at Montpellier on Satur-
day, in consequence of the refusal of the Prefect to
communicate to the people the contents of certain
telegraphic dispatches which had been received from
Lyons and Marseilles. The people attempted to break
into the Prefecture, but they were dispersed by the
military, and tranquillity was soon afterwards re.
stored. Several arrests have taken place.
Count LADISLAUS TELEKI, the Envoy from Hun-
gary, has addressed to the French Minister of Foreign
Affairs a letter informing him that he has received
from his Government an official order to snake known
to the Government of the Republic the act of the
_ _

•
Hungarian Assembly, by which the House of Haps-
burg• Loraine is deprived of the throne of Hungary,
which is declared a free and independent European
Power.
Since the above was written we have received the
Paris papers of yesterday evening.
The debate on the amendment of General CA-
VAIGNAC to the resolution on the Russian question
was brought to a conclusion in the early part of the
sitting of the Assembly yesterday, by the adoption of
General CAVAIGNAC'S proposition by a majority of 436
to 184; an aldition to it proposed by MM. JOLY and
BASTIDE, to the following effect—" To take measures
necessary to preserve the independence and the liberty
of nations "—having. been previously rejected by a
majority of 346 to 269.
The following is the text of General CAVAIGNAC'S
motion, as finally adopted:—" The National As-
sembly calls the serious attention of the Government
to the events and the movements of troops which are
taking place in Europe; and, pre-occupied by the
danger of that state of things, as well for tha welfare
of liberty as for the interior and exterior interests of
the Republic, it recommends to the Government to
take the measures necessary to protect them energeti-
cally, and passes to the order of the day."
The Ministerial crisis still continues. It is said

that the DUFALTRE and PASSY modification has failed,
and that it is probable b'nGEAun will be the new
President of the Council.
PARIS BOURSE, WEDNESDAY, MAY 23.

THREE O'CLOCK.— The debate of yesterday has had
a depressing eillet on the Bourse to-day, but the Funds
improved at the latter part of the day, on its being as-
certained that the majority of the Assembly was in
favour of the Government. Exchange on London, 00
days), 25 521 ; ditto (90 days), 25 40.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. ➢ivx 23.

Boulogne and Amiens, 7 ex coupons—Northern of France,
91h—Orleans and Bordeaux, 3—Paris and Orleans, 291/2—
Paris and Rouen, 191/2—Paris and Strasbourg, 4%.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 18th have arrived.
Great preparations were making at Barcelona to
give a triumphal reception to General CONCHA.
MADRID Boma., MAY 18. Three per Cents.,
251; Five per Cents. 10a, both paper. Exchange
on London, 50 40.

GERMANY

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA AND lIUNGAR Y.

The Emperor of AUSTRIA left Vienna on the IGth
'or 011mutz. _ _

The New Gazette of Oder announces that Buda
has been taken by the Hungarians by assault.
The same journal states that DEMBINSKI is at the
head of 90,000 men, between Eperies, Bartleld, and
Podolinez. The Russians, with 70,000, were near
Jordanoff, within two days march of DEMBINSKI'S
position.
The object of DEMBINSKI is to raise Moravia,
Silesia, and Gallicia, so as to carry the war into
Poland, and the Austrian accounts from Presburg
of the 16th state that a battle between DEMBINSKI
and the Russians appeared imminent. This Austrian
communication from Presburg seems to confirm in
some measure the rumour which was circulated at
Frankfort on the 17th, that the Magyars had en-
tirely defeated the Russians, and forced them to fall
back upon Cracow.
Under the head of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, May
17, the Gazette of Carlsruke says :
" M. de Rothschild has received the following:—
The Hungarians have entirely defeated the Russians,
and have forced them to fall back upon Cracow. This
is the general report. The revolution will be thus trans-
ported into Poland.'"
The news of the defeat of the Russians by BEM
in the passes of Rothenthum is fully confirmed. The
Kosling, a Pesth journal, says that the Russians lost
8,000 men killed in the affair.
The Prague Gazette publishes a letter, dated lira-
disch, May 13, which says—
" Yesterday afternoon a Russian battalion arrived
here by railway, another came in this morning; so that
in the course of two days at the farthest an auxiliary
cbrps of 20,000 men will be concentrated at llradisch
and its environs. The commandant of the corps, General
Panintin, arrived here yesterday."