The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-20 00:00:00

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PORTSMOUTH, SEPT. 18.—The Swift, 6, Com-
mander Aldham, was spoken with on the 26th of
July, in lat. 14 47 N., long. 24 55 W., Brava E. 15
miles, and sent letters to England, by one of which we
learn that the prisoners were all well. One letter
says—" We are not allowed to speak with the State
prisoners, particularly Mr. O'Brien and Mr. Meagher.
The latter appears a quiet, gentlemanly man. We
have had beautiful weather throughout, and a very
pleasant passage."
The Terrible steam-frigate, Captain Ramsay, went
out of harbour this morning, far Woolwich, to be
paid off.
A melancholy accident occurred at Spithead last
evening. Captain Somerville, of the Royal Engi-
neers, wife, and female servant, had been on board
the Superb, and were returning homewards in tilt
boat of a waterman named Bailey, when they
changed into a smaller boat, or punt, which, being
over freighted, instantly capsized, and all were
immersed in the waters, between the Superb
and Southsea-beach, Captain and Mrs. Somer-
ville regained the boat, and were picked up, but the
less fortunate attendant sank to rise no more alive.
Her body, however, was promptly recovered, and
conveyed to the King's-rooms, on Southsea-beach
where a warm bath and the utmost assiduity of its
proprietors (Mr. and Mrs. Hollingsworth), combined
with the best medical attendance, were set in opera

tion, but all fruitlessly; animation did not return.
The distress of the Gallant Captain and his amiable
lady is naturally great at the disaster, which is the
second of the like nature from a similar imprudent
cause within three weeks, and ought to operate as e
warning to all excursionists upon the water in such
treacherous craft as " pleasure boats.
The Myrtle steam-tender, Master Commander S.
Braddon, sailed this evening, with supernumeraries,
and one sergeant, one corporal, and 17 gunners of thi
Royal Marine Artillery, for service in the Hecla
steam-sloop.
The Inflexible steam-sloop, Commander lloseason,
remains at Spithead, awaiting Admiralty orders.
Wind, N. by E. ; light breeze and fine weather.

CRICKET.
ELEVEN OF ENGLAND V. EIGHTEEN OF LEEDS AND

DISTRICT.

This match was resumed on Tuesday at Leeds.
The following is the score at the close of the second
day's play:—

ENGLAND-FIRST INNINGS.
Clarke—c Bosomwortb, bC. Smith
Guy—c Nixon, b Crossland ...
11yer—run out ... .• •••
F. Pilch—b Barrett ... •••
G. Parr—c and b Crossland ... ..•
B .x—c Crossland, b Barrett ...
N Felix, Esq.—c D.-ninon, b Barrett
A. Alynn, Esq —b Barrett ...
Nlartingell—uot out ...
Hinkly—c SAllorson, b Barrett ...
G. F. Cook, Esq.—not out ...
B 6, w 21, nb 2 ...

Total ... ..• •••
LEEDS —FIRST INNINGS. '
H. Barrett—b 1.1111)er ••• •••
T. Harrison, Esq.—c Parr, b Hillyer... •••
Bosomworth—b llillyer . ••• •••
A. Crossland--c and b Clarke ••• •••
W. B. Sanderson, Esq.—b Hillyer • • •••
H. Harrisk,n, Esq.—c Hinkly, b llillyer •••
Bahl winson—b Hillyer ••• ••• •••
C. Nixon, Esq.—c Felix, b Hillyer •••
W. B. Denison, Esq.—c Felix, b Clarke ..•
Dew hurst—c Felix, b Clarke... •••
T. Smith—c Parr, b llillyer •••
R. Cadman, Esq.—b Clarke ... •••
C. Smith—st Guy, b Clarke •••
Hon. B. R. Lawley—b Clarke
F. H. F. nwick, Esq.—c Cooke, b Clarke ...
Thompson—at Guy, b Clarke ••• •••
Crompton—b Clarke
E. Hemmingway, Esq.—not out
85, wO, n b 0 ... •••

Total ...
ZNGLAND-SECOND INNINGS.
Clarke—run out ... ••• ••• •••
Guy—not out ... ... ••• •••
Hil i ver—b Barrett ... ••• ... •••
F. Pilch—h Nixon ... ••• •••
G. Parr—c Thomson, bC. Smith ... •••
Box—ill ... • • ••• ••• •••
N. Felix, Esq.—b Nixon .. ... •••
A. Mynn, Esq.—b Barrett ... ... ...
Martingell—c Bosonawortb, b Crossland ...
Richly—b Crossland ... ••• ••• •••
G. F. Cooke, Esq.—b Barrett... •••
80, w 4, n b 0 ... ...

Total

12

... 71
• 3
▪ 0
... 13

... 27

... 9

... 9

. 29

~174

... 6

... 2
... 2
••• 0

... 5

... ~

... 2
... 0
••• 0
.•4 3

... 60

foe °

... 25

•. ... 8

ROWING MATCH.—The rowing match between
Gale, of Pimlico, and Chitty, of Richmond, the latter of
whom "won the prize given by Evan Morris, Esq., for
watermen's apprentices at the last Thames regatta, took
place yesterday, but owing to an accident was, as far as
sport was concerned, brought to an early close. The
race was for 101. a side, the distance being from Putney-
bridge to Chiswick Eyot, and shortly after the start,
which was well taken by both, Gale's boat, one of pecu-
liarly light construction, capsized, and he was unavoid-
ably taken into his cutter. Chitty, who was a trifle
astern, but rowing extremely well, at the time of the
accident, pursued his way over the course in order to
claim the stakes.

DARING ATTEMPT TO ROB A STEAMER ON HER
PASSAGE FROM DUBLIN.—Three men, Robert Smith,
John Heaton, and William Kenney, were charged with
an attempt to realise large plunder from the cabin pas-
sengers on board the Britannia City of Dublin steam-
ship, during her passage from Dublin to this port, on
Saturday night last. The prisoners, after dark, had
obtruded themselves into the saloon, though they had
net paid cabin fare. The steward observed some strange
conduct on the part of one of them, but thought he was
merely looking for a berth to :deep on, and having no
suspicion of his intention, did not question him. The
steward soon afterwards found that several articles had
been taken from his pantries; and two gentlemen pas-
sengers afterwards found that the same parties had been
in their state rooms, and had ransacked their pockets, of
money, &c. The vessel was off Holyhead during part of
these transacions. Part of the property, nearly all of
which was recovered, was found on board after the vessel
reached the waters of the Mersey. Mr. Rushton sen-
tenced the three prisoners to be imprisoned for two
months and kept to bard labour.—Liverpool Standard.
POWER or CONSCIENCE.—The following letter has
been received by Mr. Josiah Hannam, of this town:—
" Dear Sir,—About four years ago I was at your shop
to purchase goods, and when paying for the same, you,
in giving me change for gold, gave me ss. too much. 1
joyfully received and kept it, determined to make it sup-
port my pursuits after happiness in the road of dissipa-
tion and vice. But a change has been wrought in my
mind; the influence of Divine light has led me to re-
pentance, and to make restitution for my past conduct
(not to God but to man), I have sent back the principal
with simple and compound interest—total, 10s. In
doing this, I feel myself as only paying you your own:
receive it as such; and believe me when I say, that hero
the business had not closed but fur that extension of
God's mercy. free and undeserved, which spoke my sins
aro forgiven, and satisfied me by his Spirit's witness that
the handwriting against me is blotted out, and that I am
saved from the guilt and dominion of sin. I subscribe
not my name lest curiosity should revive a circumstance
that has already occasioned an amount of pain that
would not be equipoised by any good consequence that
may ensue from particularising my name and address,
but beg leave to state, I am a brand plucked from the
burning by the instrumentality of Wesleyan Methodism."
—Sherborne Journal.

SUSPENSION BRIDGE FOR ST. JAMES'S-PARK.-
The Commissioners of Woods and Forests are about
erecting a suspension bridge across the ornamental
water in the enclosure, St. Jatnft's-park, similar to those
thrown across the Regent's Canal, to connect Primrose-
hill-park and Regent's-park. The proposed bridge is
to be constructed directly opposite Queen•square-gate.
-.CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY.-TYBffiC for
the week ended Sept. 16, 1849 :—Coaching traffic, 1,5551.;
parcels, &c., 501.; goods, cattle, &c., 225/.; steam-boats,
16.41,8i0, beL—Total, 2,0741.

of which was a thing of the very first importance to
all who depend upon daily and weekly wages. Ihe
four-pound loaf of bread sold in the bakars' shops in
London had been, in the month of July of each year,
from 1842 to 1849-1842, Sid. ; 1843, 7id.; 1844,
Bid. ; 1845, 711; 1846, 8i- 1.; 1847, 11}d.; 1848,
; 1849, 7d. Now, when it was considered that
from one-half to three-fourths of the expenditure of
the most numerous class of the people was for that
one article, it could not be held of light importance
that a saving of twenty-five per cent. was made in
its cost. Such a saving to the family of a working
man consisting of himself, his wife, and
four children, could hardly be less than
2s. per week, which was too often a very
considerable proportion of the man's earnings, so
that it would greatly depend upon that bead of ex-
penditure whether or not he and his family were able
to provide themselves with decent clothing, and with
other matters, which, although perhaps not absolutely
necessary to the support of life were yet most im-
portant towards the comfort and contentment of the
family. The price of meat was unfortunately not a
matter of such universal interest as the cost of bread,
and it was to be feared, that even in ordinarily pros-
perous times there were very many of our fellow-
subjects who were forced to forego its use. The
prices, as quoted in the accounts of markets cannot
be taken as the prices actually paid for retail pur-
chases by the working man, but they would govern
the retail prices, and were as follows :—‘For prime
beef and South-down mutton at Smithfield in the
month of June in each year, 1842 to 1849.—Beef,
in 1842, 4s. Bd. ; 1843, 3s. Mid ; 1844, 3s. Bfd. ;
1845, 4s. 4d.; 1846, 3s. 9d.; 1847, ss. 61; 1848,
3s. 10d. ; 1849, 3s, sd. Mutton, during the same
period, was from 4s. 3d. to 4s. 21. 11Ir. Porter then
quoted the price of all other articles of food used
by the working men and their families and the
cost of their clothing, and proceeded to say,
In the course of inquiries made among London
tradesmen, it was stated, that, as respected cheese,
the working classes seldom or never bought it by
weight, but applied at the shop for sixpenny worth, or
whatever sum there was to be laid out, the dearness
or cheapness of the article affecting the quantity that
they receive for their money. Another fact was
ascertained from the proprietor of a large establish-
ment for the sale of linen, woollen haberdashery, &c.
[he working man or woman was accustomed to pay
certain prices for certain articles, and does not vary
the outlay with the varying markets, but purchase a
3s. or ss. hat or bonnet for so much. The benefit of
cheapness reached them in the quality of their pur-
chases ; and, as the tendency had, for many years,
been towards lessened prices, they now saw, at least,
such was the case in London, that the working,
classes were better clad than formerly. He had also
learned from a person who gave employment
to 1,200 people, men and women, in making
up clothes, that, taking one article with another,
the materials and their cost were not more
than one-half what they had cost at the close of
the war in 1815 ; and since 1834 there had been
a further reduction in the cost of all such articles. It
was impossible to over-estimate the importance of
the subject to which he had called their attenti
So long as in any country the whole earnings of the
labouring classes were required to procure for them
the bare necessaries of life, they must look in vain for
any advancement in the social and moral condition 01
the people. On the other hand, if their earnings were
habitually found sufficient not merely to sustain life,
but to provide for themselves and their families its
decencies and some of its comforts, they would not
willingly fall back in the scale of society, but rather
would strive to go forward. Their intelligence being
cultivated, their labour would he rendered more pro

ductive, and of necessity would be better remune-
rated, thus enabling them to make further progress
in the social scale, and to provide the means of
still greater advancement for those who may succeed
them. Mr. Porter then read over a great number
of tables, setting forth the rate of wages paid
weekly to the factory hands in full employment in
Manchester during the years of depression, from 1844 to
1849, and from which it appeared that in one of the
best mills in the card-rooms males were paid in 1844,
13s. 60. per week. In 1849, 125. In one of the
ironworks of South Wales the colliers were paid, in
1844, 135.; in 1849, 14s. 3d.; miners in 1844,
10s. 7d ; in 1849, 10s. 9d.; labourers in 1844, 11 s ;
the same in 1849 • founders in 1844, 235. 9d.; in
1849, 305. 4d.; felters in 1844, 225.; in 1849,
30s. 4d.; refiners in 1844, 375. Bd.; in 1849, 395.6 d.
In Staffordshire wages are higher. Pudlers in 1844
earned 6s. per day ; in 1846 and 1847, 85. per day ;
and in 1849, Ss. 61

Several gentlemen, including Mr. Joseph Sturge,
Mr. Saunders, &c., spoke of the necessity of increas-
ing the wages of the working men as the only means
of really improving their condition.
Mr. DANSON read a paper on the progress of emi-
gration from the United Kingdom during the last
thirty years, in relation to the growth of the popula-
tion during the same period. The first complete
census of the three kingdoms (in 1821) gave as the
total population 21,193,000. In 1831 the number re-
turned was 24,306,000, showing an increase of
3,113,000 in ten years. During the ten years, 1821
—3l, the total number of emigrants from the United
Kingdom was only 291,070. In the ten years, 1831
—4l, the number was 738,552. And in the seven
years, 1842-48 inclusive, the number was no less
than 985,953. And, according to the latest complete
returns ebtained by the Emigration Commissioners
(down to the 30th of June last), the number of emi-
grants in the first half of 1849 was no less than
196,973. Hence it appeared that the emigration
from the United Kingdom, during the last three
years, was fully equal to, if it did not exceed, the
natural increase of the population ; and, in short, that
emigration has now been carried to such an extent
as, if it were maintained, must effectually prevent
the further growth of the population. The paper
excited much interest, and was illustrated by a
diagram, which exhibited in a striking manner its
general effect.
In the course of the day interesting experiments
were made at the Canal Company's reservoir by Mr.
Carter, with his celebrated sea•service rocket appa-
ratus. There was a considerable number of spec-
tators present, and the results were most satisfactory.
BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 19.—The concluding general
meeting of the members of the association was held in
the Town-hall this afternoon. At a meeting of the
committee, held in King Edward's School in the
morning, Lord Dunfertnline was elected a Vice-
President. In the organ gallery of the Town-hall
this afternoon were Professor Robinson (the Presi-
dent), Prince Canino, Lord Wrottesley, Sir R. J.
Murchison, the Dean of Westminster, the Marquis of
Northampton, and other distinguished, members of the
association.
Colonel SABINE, the general secretary, proceeded
to read a long list of recommendations by the general
committee, which were duly adopted.
Professor PHILLIPS, the assistant- secretary, next
read a short report, from which it appeared that du-
ring the present meeting of the association there had
been present old life members, 277; old annual, 94 ;
new life members, 11 ; new annual, 32 ; associates,
439 ; ladies, 237; and foreigners who had arrived by
railway, 32—total, 1,122 persons, from whom had
been received 9511. ss. 9d. These numbers had only
meeting of the association
been exceeded twice at any
which had been held since they assembled in Bir-
mingham ten years ago.
The PRESIDENT, in an eloquent address, expressed
the thanks of the association to the Mayor and various
local authorities of Birmingham. The meeting had
been eminently successful.
Sir It. J. MuitcHisox moved a vote of thanks to
the President, which was seconded by the Mayor of
Birmingham and carried unanimously.
The meeting was afterwards addressed by Lord
Wrottesley, Dr. Buckland (the Dean of Westminsier),
and, finally, the meeting of the association for 1849
dissolved between five and six o'clock.

DEATH FROM A CRICKET BALL.—Mr. Godfrey
Pigott, of Bolton-upon-DeFne, died on Thursday week
from concussion of the brain, occasioned by a blow of
the ball under the right ear, whilst playing at cricket
eight or nine days before.
The hand which casts into the waters of life a
stone of offence, knows not hew far the circles thus
caused may spread their agitations.—,Eliza Cook's
Jowls?.

CITY of LONDON REGISTRATION.
On Tuesday morning the court was opened at ten
o'clock, when the revision of the Livery lists was pro-
ceeded with. The only case which presented any
feature of interest was the following. In the list of
the Skinners' Company the name of a voter was
entered as " Michael Turnvll, 13, Argyll- street, N ew -
road," and the beadle of the company informed the
Court that there was a clerical error in this descrip-
tion. There was no such person as Michael 'rumen
attached to the company. The name of th?, party
intended to be described was Michael Turner, as
stated in the printed lists of the company.
Mr-. Browne objected to the vote of Michael Tur-
ner, on the ground that he lived at St. Leonard's, and
not within seven miles of the city of L.mion.
Mr. M'CHRISTIE said the only list which the Act
of Parliament empowered him to recognise was the
written document signed by the clerk of the com-
pany, and he was not justified in altering the name
from " Turnell" (as it appeared in the list before
him) to "Turner,' (as described in the printed list).
Mr. Browne's objection, therefore, to the vote of
Michael Turner was untenable, as there was no such
name on the list which had been submitted to the

Court.
Mr. Browne said he had objected to Michael
Turner—the name which appeared in the list printed
by authority of the Act of Parliament. He therefore
begged the Court, under the sanction of the interpre-
tation clause, not to evade the operation of the Act
by retaining a name which ought not to have been
placed on the list.
Mr. S. Smith contended that the objection was to
Michael Turner, and as there was no such person on
the list before the Court, the objection could not be
maintained. The only list by which the ,barrister
could be guided was that signed by the clerk, and
furnished by the secondary, according to the Act of
Parliament.
Mr. Browne replied that the effect of this argu-
ment was to put him out of court, not because his
objection was invalid, but because the list furnished
to the court was incorrect. He (Mr. Browne) had
taken the name as it appeared in the printed list, and
the beadle of the company had stated that the list
before the Court contained a clerical error with regard
to this name. On these grounds he submitted that
his objection was one which ought to he allowed.
Mr. Smith said that Mr. Browne ought to rest
satisfied, inasmuch as he had objected to " Michael
Turner," and that name would not appear on the
list.—(A. laugh.)
Mr. APCHRISTIE said that as the name appeared
as Michael Turnell in the only list he could recognise
he was bound to retain that name. The objection
therefore fell to the ground.
The revision of the Livery lists having been con-
cluded, the Court proceeded with the Ward lists.
ALDERSGATE WARD.
Donald M'Gregor claimed a right to vote by reason
of the occupation of premises No. 42, Noble-street, in
the parish of St. Anne and St. Agnes. The clerk of
the parish had stated that the number ought to have
been 43. He knew the claimant resided there, and
had paid his rates in respect of that house.
Mr. Browne said he had objected to the claim of
Donald M'Gregor on the ground that no such person
resided at No. 42. He now contended that the court
ought not to admit the claim in the absence of the
claimant, and in the absence of evidence to show that
he resided at No. 43. There was no legal proof before
the Court as to Mr. M'Gregor's qualification, and he
protested against the admission of claims in such a
loose manner.
Mr. Smith submitted that upon the evidence of the
clerk the claim ought to be allowed.
Mr. APCHRISTIE said this was simply a case of
claim, and he could not hear the objection until
afterwards. The name was in the printed list for
No. 42, and the voter finding that to be a mistake had
given notice that he wished to have it corrected, ac-
cording to the Act of Parliament. It appeared that
the party had resided at No. 43 for some time, and
bad paid all his rates and taxes for that house. The
witness had proved everything that was necessary to
establish the claim, and it must therefore be allovVed in
respect of " No. 43."
The following is the result of the revision of the
Livery lists:—
Liberal objections sustained
Conservative.......
Double objections sustained .. 17
Liberal objections failed or withdrawn 23
Conservative • •
Expunged by Barri,ter .. 18
The revision of the lists of voters in the 'several
parishes of the city of London was continued yester-
day by Mr. T. Y. M'Christie, the barrister appointed
Fur that purpose, in the Court of Common Pleas,
Guildhall. Mr. Sidney Smith and Mr. Ledger re-
presented the Liberal interest, and Mr. Samuel Brown
appeared on the part of the Conservatives.
QUALIFICATION OF TENANTS.
Mr. John Getting, the occupier of a counting-house
at 46, Lime-street, in the ward of Aldgate and Bil-
lingsgate, appeared in support of his claim to be
placed upon the register, against an objection taken
by the Liberals, upon the ground that he was in the
position of a lodger, not having such a full command
of the premises as is required by the 27,h section of
the Act William IV., c. 45, which describes the qua-
lification for tenants.
It appeared from Mr. Getting's testimony, that the
counting-house, in respect of which the vote was
claimed, formed part of a block of buildings, consist-
ing of two wings, with a gateway common to all the
tenants. Mrs. Dunmore, the landlady, lived upon
the premises, and also cleaned them, thus acting in
the double relation
.of owner and servant ; and at
night she closed the gateway, and kept the key, after
which no one could gain admittance except by:ringing
a bell. Mr. Getting, however, had a separate bell,
and it appeared that the entrance to his counting-
house, although from the street it was through the
gateway, was altogether distinct and independent from
those of the other tenants.
The BARRISTER said that, under these circum-
stances, there was no ground for the objection, and
he awarded 20s. cost against the objectors.
Mr. Ledger rather warmly remonstrated against
this decision as far as regarded the costs, urging that
in 1847 the court had taken a contrary view. He
trusted, at all events, that it would be suspended until
the question bad been argued, as the objection had
been taken with that view, and there were several
other cases in which the same point arose.
The BARRISTER intimated his willingness to take
this course.
A number of minor cases having been disposed of,
Mr. Walter Logan, also the occupier of a counting-
house at No. 46, Lime-street, was objected to by
Mr. Brown, on the ground of want of qualification,
under the 27th section.
In support of the claim, Mr. Smith called William
Adkins, who was examined as to the construction of
the premises ; and who stated that those occupied by
Mr. Logan had a separate entrance, of which he had
the sole and exclusive control.
Mr. Brown submitted that this case came under
the rule laid down by the Common Pleas in "Fitch v.
Smedley," reported in Mr. Lutwyche's Registration
Cases. It was there held that where a person occu-
pied part of a building, which was at the same time
in the possession of the landlord, as this was—for the
landlady had free ingress and egress—he was merely
a lodger.
Mr. Smith, on the other side, contended that the
objection was untenable. Mr. Logan could maintain
an action of trespass against Mrs. Dunmore if she
entered his counting-house without his permission.
He relied upon the decision of .the Common Pleas in
the case of "Jones v.:Luckett," reported in'Lutwyche's
Registration Cases, vol. ii., part 1, page 26, a case
exactly similar to the present.
Mr. Brown, in reply, dwelt upon the importance of
the right of way in this case. After the tenants left
at eight, they had no right of way. They could
only be admitted by leave of the landlady.
The BARRISTER—You make the right of way a
main point in the objection
Mr. Brown replied in the affirmative.
Mr. Smith observed that the Common Pleas, in
" Jones v. Lockett," attached no importance to the

point.
After an argument of considerable length,
The BARRISTER said the question was one of much
importance, and as there was some novelty in the cir-
cumstances, he would take time for consideration, and
deliver his decision on Monday.
The other cases heard during the day were desti-
tute of public interest, and the Court rose at a few
minutes to four o'clock.
The following is the result of the revision of the lis
for Aldgate ward, which is now concluded .
Liberal claims allowed •••
Ditto objections sustained
Ditto ditto ditto failed • • •••
Conservative objections sustained ..
Ditto ditto failed
Double objections sustained ...
Ditto ditto failed

... 2

• 35
• 20
. 14

The Prince Royal of Sweden arrived at Brussels
on Saturday, And the King of the Belgians shortly after
viited hint. In the evening, the Prince dined with the
King and Queen. His Royal Highness, who is 23 years
old, is'grandson of Eugene Beauharnais, and cousin to
the President of the French Republic.

THE HEALTH OF LONDON
DURING THE WEEK.
(From the Registrar-General's Report.)
The deaths registered in London in the week end-
ing Saturday, September were 2,865 ; of which
1,682 were by cholera; making the aggregate num-
bers, since the commencement of the epidemic in
London, 12,837. The deaths from all causes in the
last six consecutive weeks were 1,909, 2,230, 2,456,
2,796, 3,183, 2,865. The numbers list week sensibly
decreased. On Sunday the inhabitants of these islands,
in the city and the country, in their cathedrals,
village churches, and chapels, assembled to entreat
God to stay the destroying plague; and, as if by
anticipation, :t began to subside, so that the time was
most appropriate. After they had been journeying
through the gloom, while the darkness grew thicker,
the terror greater, the strokes of mortality nearer and
everywhere uncertain, the light began to dawn, and
the prayer—half-supplication, half-thanksgiving—
rose of itself from the hearts of the people.
These great acts of religion are rarely performed in
England; and whether the earnestness of the nation
or the truth of God is regarded, the prayer for health
has a much more serious import here than the cere-
monial rites of paganism in Persia, Greece, or Rome ;
yet there it would have been deemed impiety to ask
the increase or the earlier and later rains, unless the
land were tilled and the seed sown ; or to implore
victory for their arms, except through the valour of
well equipped armies. The prayer for the public
health in England is a solemn pledge, not only that
all the powers of the State, but that the local autho•
rities, the clergy, the educated classes, who form and
govern opinion—all the multitudes who join in that
prayer, will employ the means which, with God's
blessing, will insure its accomplishment, and save the
people from the ravages of the cholera and other
epidemics.
Thousands of the houses of London have now no
pure water; in some places where the cholera is most
fatal the inhabitants are driven to use the polluted
waters of tidal sewers for culinary and household
purposes. Tnis state of things will exist no longer;
the first engineers of the country will be employed
to lay the rivers under contribution, and in every
house there will be a spring of fresh, filtered, living
water; for circulating water is the life blood of a
city.
The bodies of the dead, " sown in corruption,"
will be decently interred in distant grounds and sacred
groves, where their flesh may be resolved into its
elements, without tainting the air and destroying their
brothers.

The carnage of slaughtered animals will no longer
be suffered to infect the air of cities.

The sinks and sewers of London—black bubbling

lakes and rivers under ground—extending from the
Thames to the house-drains and cesspools, send up
dampsinto dwellings nightly, travel by us in the
streets daily, and through a thousand mouths by the
way and river side pour their poisonous incense on the
passengers for ever : these emanations, if not drawn
through and decomposed by fire, will no longer open
under our faces, but ascend with the smoke over the
houses ; and other matters be carried, solid or in
steams of water, over distant fields.
No city, perhaps, ever possessed such an efficient
body of medical men as are now practising in London.
During this epidemic they have performed services
which in any other field must have won the highest
honours; combating the disease night and day in the
most pestilential quarters, and that on much more
settled principles than the public might be led to sus-
pect from certain discussions at the medical societies.
And their office has been discharged with so much
kindness as to deserve the gratitude of the poor, in-
stead of drawing down on their heads the charges
with which the physicians of other countries have
often been assailed by the populace. Nearly all the
sick have been seen by these practitioners ; yet
12,837 persons have already died of cholera in London.
How is this ? The medical force will be found to

have been employed at an immense disadvantage. It
is called into action at the wrong end of the malady.
Inquiries prove that while medical advice is generally
sought in the characteristic stage, it is seldom ob-
tained in the premonitory stage, when the power of
medicine is decisive; and to that earlier and still more
important period preceding the premonitory stage,
which is prevented as easily as cured, medical prac-
tice has had little or nothing to say. Cholera here
also only shows in high reliet what exists in ordinary
circumstances. Medical men rarely if ever treat the
beginnings of diseases, and are scarcely ever consulted
professionally on the preservation of the health of
cities or families. The art of preserving health is
taught in no regular course of lectures at any of the
great schools of medicine in the United Kingdom.
Yet the classical sanitary works of Pringle, Lind,
Blare, Jackson, Johnson, and Martin have been framed
from observation in the British navy and army. In
the science of health there are more exact demon-

strable truths than in the science of disease ; and the

advantage of " prevention" over " cure" requires no
proof. In the Cyropadia of Xenophon physicians
who only treat the sick are compared to " menders
of torn clothes," while the preservation of health
is declared a noble nrt, worthy of Cyrus him-
self. Vegetius espaks in similar, Jackson in
stronger terms, but perhaps unjustly ; for if it
is godlide to save many from suffering, and to carry
them in healthy life up to the natural term of existence,
it is a worthy occupation to rescue a few from the
arms of death, or incurable infirmity. But the pre-
, servation and restoration of health are parts of one
science ; and if, as has been done by London and
Liverpool, health•officers be appointed in all the dis-
tricts of the kingdom, the art of preserving health
will be studied by a high order of men well paid by
the public ; and ultimately with an increase of
their remuneration—the diminution of sickness, the
disappearance of epidemics, immense advantage to
the public—the whole medical priifession may devote
themselves to the preservation and development of the
vigour of the human faculties, instead of being tied
down to the treatment of the sick and dying. " And
this," Lord Bacon says, after his great survey of
lesrning, " we hope might redound to a general good,
if physicians would but exert themselves and raise
their minds above the sordid considerations of cure;
not deriving their honour from the necessities of man•
kind, but becoming ministers of Divine power and
goodness, both in prolonging and restoring the life of
man ; especially as this may be effected by safe, com-
modious, and not illiberal means, though hitherto
unattempted. And certainly it would be an earnest
of Divine favour if, while we are journeying to the
land of promise, our garments, those frail bodies of
ours, were not greatly to wear out in the wilderness
of this world."—Hist. Vita et Mortis.

ADDRESS TO THE ARCHBISHOP
OF CANTERBURY.
NATIONAL HUMILIATION.
The following address to the Archbhhop of Can-
terbury is in course of signature :
" My Lord,—We, the undersigned clergy of the
province of Canterbury, venture respectfully to re-
quest that your Grace will be pleased to authorise
the observance of a special day of humiliation and
prayer throughout the province, on account of cholera
in this country.
"We venture to approach your Grace with this
request, for the following reasons :
" First—Because upwards of 11,000 persons have
already fallen victims to this disease in the metropo-
lis and its suburbs, and a proportionate number in the
provinces.
"Secondly—Because we are firmly persuaded that,
although such n excessive mortality may be aggra-
vated by imperfect drainage and other local causes, it
can primarily be ascribed to nothing but the imme-
diate visitation of Divine Providence ; while we also
believe, on the authority of Holy Scripture, and our
own national experience, that we have no right to
expect to be relieved from this visitation until we
have humbled ourselves before the Throne of Grace,
and, as a nation, implored of God's mercy that we be
not utterly consumed.
" Thirdly—Because from the opportunities we
have of ascertaining the feelings of the laity on this
subject we are convinced that, although in particular
places days of special humiliation have already been
observed, the appointment of some general day by
your Grace is most earnestly desired, and would be
observed throughout the province with remarkable
I strictness and solemnity.

We have, &c."
Signatures will be received until after Tuesday
next, by Messrs. Rivington, St. Paul's Churchyard
and Waterloo-place; Messrs Ilatcflrd, 187,
Picca-
dilly ; and Mr. Masters, 78, New Bond-street, and
33, Aldersgate-street.

GENERAL CABRERA.—We are sorry to announce
that the gallant General Cabrera has been seriously in-
disposed during the past week, at his residence iu Mar-
garet-stret t. The worst symptoms have happily subsided,
however, and we are glad to learn that Dr. Cremens,
the medical attendant of the gallant officer, confidently
anticipates his complete restoration to health in a few
days. During the gallant General's illness he has been
daily visited by his .1.1,yal Highness the Infante I)on
Juan (of Spain), who has manifested the greatest
anxi,ty and most honourable solicitude on his behalf.
All the• Spanish Royalists in London—many Portuguese
holding legitimate opinion,—and a large number of the
English nobility and gentry, have also called to make
I inquirits.—Port.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW. The ordinary half yearly general meeting- of the
shareholders in this company was held in the Star
Hotel, Glasgow, on Tuesday, the 18th inst. ; Peter
Blacklsurte, Esq., in the chair.
The report stated that, although there is an increase
in the receipts for passengers, there is a very con-
siderable decrease in the number 'carried. This de-
crease is, doubtless, partly attributable-to the opening
of other lines, giving tourists or 'travellers for plea-
sure a choice of route. The working .expenses are
30,419/, 2s. Bd., showing a diminution of 9401. as
compared with the corresponding period of 1848.
In accordance with the intimation given at the last
meeting,.the capital account is now 'closed, and every
further expenditure beYoriel the slim now 'stated shall
be met from revenue, --teo further sum being called
from the shareholders cr berrow ed from the public.
The C'Harreetaei, in moving the adoption ef the re-
port, stated that he hid little further !0 add to TA hat
the report contained. - He would, however, be willing
to give any explarttiol,s, end Answer any queqions
which might be put to him. Siece the report was
issued several letters had been addressed to him by
shareholders, complaining that it did not contain a
statement of the liabiaiesof the compiliy, in reference
to other lines. Such a statement was made in the
last repot t, and since, no alteratiOn had taken place.
He might state, however, that the construction of she
Edinburgh and Bathgate line would cost 200 0001,
and they were boiled to pay 4 p-r cent. during its
formation ; but it was proposed to arnalgain.te with
this line, which would enable them to do away with
the expenses of the deuble direction. In the Stir-
lingshire Midland they had expended -75.135/..
and it would require a further sum a 76.4051. to
complete it, thus making a total of 151,540/. This
stock bore 5 per cent. interest till 1852. ,and after
that si. Tnev paid 8 per cent. on 140,000/. in the
Wilsontown, but they had the option to buy up the
line at 751 p.r share, which would amount to
210,000/. ; 60,000/. would still be required to open
the line to Bathgate, making a total of 270,0001.
They were also interested in the Stirling and Dun-
fermline, but as that company had failed to obtain
power to make the line to Stirling, the directors of
this company were in consequence advised that they
had no further liability in connexion with it.
Mr. H. DUNLOP seconded the resolution, which was
agreed to.
Mr. M'CLRLLAND, at the instance of Mr. Cox and
other gentlemen in Edinburgh, gave notice of motion
fur next halt-yearly meeting, that the company should
run morning and evening trains from each terminus
on Sundays, the accommodation to be given by first,
second, and third-class carriages being attached to the
mail trains.
The meeting then separated.

WINDSOR RAILWAYS.—The Great Western Com-
pany are working day and night to complete their
line into Windsor, where the passenger station is
nearly erected. It is expected that the line, which
will give a direct communication between London
and Windsor, will be opened on the Ist of October.
CHARLEROI AND ERQUILINES RAILWAT.—The
ironmasters of the Sambre district have made an
offer to assist in the execution of the line from
Erquilines to Haumont, as regards a considerable
portion of the material required for its completion,
and taking to the extent of one half of the shares.
ANGLO-ITALIAN RAILWAY.—This company have
received the decree of the Grand Duke of Tuscany,
granting a guarantee of four per cent. upon the
capital stock of the Maria Antonio Company, who
are constructing the line from Florence to Prato and.
Pistoja.
NEW GAUGE OF RAIL FOR BRANCH LINES...--A
new plan his just been proposed by Sir John Meo-
w ill, the engineer, for working branch railways in
districts where the traffic would not warrant a more
extensive system, by a gauge of 3 feet 10 inches, in-
stead of the present gauge of 4 feet 8 inches, with
locomotive engines and plant to correspond.

DESTRUCTION OF THE PACKET-

SHIP HENRY CLAY BY FIRE.

NEW YORK, SEPT. 5.—1 have just returned from
a melancholy scene—the destruction of the New
York and Liverpool liner, Henry Clay, 1,400 tons
burden, and her outward-bound cargo on board, by
fire.

The Henry Clay was moored at the foot of Maiden-
lane, in the East River, and about two o'clock this
morning flames burst forth from between-decks and
up the main hatchway. The alarm was instantly
given, but such was the combustible nature of her
cargo—chiefly turpentine, resin, flour, and cotton.
(250 bales)—that although the fire companies and
their engines were on the pier alongside in the course
of a few minutes, yet it was impossible to save the
noble ship. In about an hour the flames enveloped
the rigging in their destructive folds, mounting mast
high with a thousand tongues of roaring fury, throw-
ing their red and lurid glare with a fearful reflection
over the city, BrooLl3n heights, Brooklyn, and a
perfect forest of musts, whilst in Broadway it ap-
peared as if the deep and roseate twilight of dawn
illumined the eastern heavens. The confusion and
sublimity of the scene were appalling, especially as
the bale-fires flashed upon busy groups of men and
boats hauling out the neighbouring ships, which were
exposed to the teinost danger. Soon after fur o'clock
the main and adz m masts fell, each with a tremen-
dous crash, and amid cries and shouts of " Clear
away l Fur God's sake stand from under !" One man
only was injured, so far as yet known, by the falling
spars; but it is feared that his wounds are mortal.
The foremast did not go by the board until nearly
seven o'clock ; and at that hour the ship had heeled
over against the pier; sheets of fire, and dense rolling
volumes of black smoke bursting through her entire
deck, and many holes on her larboard side—the last
sad scene in the conflagration of the Henry Clay.
The Henry Clay was one of the finest vessels of
the line of Grinnell, Minturn, and Co., and was worth
100,000 dollars. The cause of the fire is not known,
neither can I learn with certainty how the ship and
her cargo were insured. The packet Waterloo, and
another very large vessel, had a narrow escape. Much
credit is due to the New York firemen for their
prompt and wall-directed exertions—for they alone
saved a whole fleet from the destroying element.
ELEVEN o'CLocs.—But a few timbers of the
Henry Clay now remained. The loss may as well be
called total. The ship was insured by Messrs. Grin-
nell and Minturn by the year. The cargo, if owned
by English merchants, is probably insured.

COURT CIRCULAR.
BALMORAL, SHPT. .
Her Majesty and the Prince, attended by the Mar-
chioness of Douro, went to the "Hot" at Loch Muick
this niorn;i4:, and will pass the night there.
The Prince of Wales, attended by Mr. Birch, rod.
out on hor.sebaek.

Diqatches from the Governor of South Australia
were received yesterday at the Colonial-office.
The Earl of Minto has left town for Scotland.
The Earl of Lichfield has joined the Countess and
family at Shuekborough, from the C..ntinent.

SURREY THEATRE.
The operatic company which has held profitable
pos'ession of this theatre for the last few weeks has
departed—the singing birds having taken their flight,
the actors have donned the sock and buskin, and are
seeking to elevate and delight the Surrey public. The
selection of Sheridan Knowles's play of The Rose of
Arrogon speaks well for the intention of the manage-
ment, and is a step in the right direction. Good Ways
end humorous farces must, in the long run, prove more
profitable than sanguinary melodrama and gaudy spec-
tacle, and the result of the experiment of Monday night
must, we should think, set all doubts on this point
at rest. The company is capitally selected, and fully
efficient to the due interpretation of the better class
of drama, and the healthy sentiment, nervous poetry,
and ingenious situations of The Rose of Arragota
were thoroughly appreciated and relished with great
gusto by a crowded auditory. Mr. Creswick, who
was a leading member of the Haymarket Theatre
during the last two seasons, has become one of the
managers, a sufficient warranty that all fitting exi-
gencies of the stage will be duly cared. for. The play
was exceedingly well acted in all its parts, and the
scenery, dresses, and appointments were on the most
liberal scule. Mr. Creswick, Mr. Shepherd, and Ma..
dame Ponisi, in the leading characters, were de-
servedly applauded, and called before the curtain at
the termination of the tragedy.

FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE ATE RACE COURSE.--.
An accident, attended with a fatal result, occurred at
the Western Meeting at Ayr on Friday. As Mr. Drake's
colt Reversion was running the second heat fur the Glas-
gow and Ayr Railway Company's Plate, a farm-servant
named Win. M6Glate run across the course immediately
in front of the animal. M'Ghee was struck by the horse
and knocked heavily to the ground, when one of the fors
feet struck him on the face, and one of the bind feet
tfaml.led on his body. He was carried to the hospital in
en insensible state; and despite the utmost attention of
Dr. Crawford, he never rallied, end died the following
morning. From a post mortem examination of the body.
the bones of the cheek were found to be fractured, one
of the ribs broken, and the liver injured. No blame is
aftschFd to Allmon, the jockey of Reversion.—Ayr
Observer.
On Sunday last, at Marseilles, the statue of the
Virgin was taken from the church of Notre Dame-de-
la-Garde, and cat ried in procession to the church D l
De a
clergy of the P
eitents, and a detach-
ment n
ja.orT, whheecroertietgewacsontosisbteed of the kept until the Friday
first-
namedfollow-
Ming
chapel, a body
immense crowd of
spectators
prayers for the cea•
sation o f the cholera, the object of moving the statue
ntof the
were op
being to implore the Virgin to take the town of Mar-
ires o f otfh le V line.hite
present, offering up An
,iiics under her special protection, and ward off the
:ffects of the epidemic.— Gulrynuni.
Cosmetics are to the face, what affectation is to the
manners; they impose on few, and disgust many.—Eliza
Cook's Jew ma/.

•