The Sun.
London, England, 1836-02-27 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, FEB. 215.—1 n a convocation holden this thy the
following degrees were conferred:—
DOCTOR IN DIVINITY, GRAND COMPOUNDER.. Rev. Ed-
ward Bouverie Pusey, Canon of Christ Churet, Regius Pro-
fessor of Hebrew.
MASTER OF ARTS.—Rev. Samuel I
Compounder ; George Kettilby r...eick ...ysons, Exeter, Grand
ards', Trinity ; Rev.
William Hornby, Christ Courel)
; Edward James, St. John's ;
Robert Lowe, Fellow of 1a I\l9-g en.
d
BACHELORS Ok ART;—George Lowe, Merton; Alfred
G at ty,
11r, election of the Proctors for the ensuing year having
.alcen place in their respective Colleges according to the Caro-
line statute the names of the Gentlemen appointed to fi!l that
office were on Wednesday last announced to the' Vice-Chan-
cellor. They are—The Rev. Robert Hussey, M.A., Student
of Christ Church ; and the Rev. Henry Thorpe, M. A., 'tato
Fellow of St. John's.
CAMBRIDGE, FEB. 26.—At the congregation on the 17th
instant Charles Bernal, of Clare Hall, was admitted to the
degree of Bachelor of Arts.
At the congregation on the 3d inst. Francis Nicholas, M. A. ,
of Wadham College, Oxford, admitted ad eundem.

mANcHRSTEP AND CHESHIRE JUNCTION RAIL-
wAY.—The r'''ived Committee on the Bill assembled yester-
day to ';nquire into the allegations of three petitions upon
St.-4nding Orders, presented at the instance of the South
Union Railway, against the Manchester and Cheshire Junc-
tion Railway Company. The Committee decided .that the
Standing Orders had been fully complied with, and the Bill
therefore now stands for second reading in due cOurse.
LIVERPOOL COTTON-MARKET, FEB. 25.—We
have had a moderate demand for Cotton to-slitY• Sales, 2,004,
chiefl), America,u descriptions, at yesterday's quotatiutis.

LONDON,
SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 27, 1836.

The Parliamentary Report, contained in last night's
Sun, will he received in Ireland with unbounded joy
by all Reformers, and with as extreme vexation by all
Orangemen. In the House of Lords, the " Imperial
Grand Master" himself declared, that "in conse-
quence of what had taken place elsewhere, having seen
the Address to his MAJESTY, and his MAJESTY'S
gracious answer to it, he and those who acted with
him, proceeding, according to those principles which
always had been the rule of their conduct, had felt that
they ought to lose. no time in calling on the Orange-
men of Ireland to dissolve their Associations, and the
same steps would be taken with respect to the English
body." In the Commons, Lord J. RUSSELL read
a letter from his Royal Highness to the same
effect. Thus, then, the Orange Association
is extinct. The incubus is removed from the
chest of Ireland, and she may breathe freely. Yes, a
final stop is put to that bigotted, tyrannical system—
in which, however, the author of the Tamworth Mani-
festo could see nothing unconstitutional—which has
so long paralyzed the best energies of Irishmen ; which
has subjected an enlightened majority to the caprices
of an intolerant minority ; substituted in every in-
stance might for right ; invaded the most sacred re-
cesses of private life, and set at naught all the decen-
cies of society—and this, under the flimsy pretext of
promoting the principles of the Constitution, and the
sacred cause of religion. Had it not been for the dis-
astrous influence of Orangeism, the beneficial effects
of Catholic Emancipation would have been felt long
ere this. But scarcely had this great remedial mea-
sure began to work, than its healing properties
were neutralized by the Ascendancy system. Every
where the baleful influence of this system was felt. It
made justice a mockery, and even religion itself a mo-
nopoly—a mere matter of trade. But, thank Heaven,
it is now annihilated Were the most bigotted among
the Tories to take office to-morrow, they would never
be able to revive the Protestant Ascendancy system.
It is dead, without hope of resurrection. We suppose
it was this conviction that induced the Duke of CUM-
BERLAND, in his letter to Lord JOHN RUSSELL, to
state that he " should take immediate stepS to dissolve
the Orange Institution in Great Britain." He felt
that he could no longer carry on the farce of the Im-
perial Grand Mastership ; so resigned it with a becom-
ing grace, as SHARP, the valet, did, when his master
had resolved on ejecting him from hiss ituation. How-
ever, be his Royal Highness's motives what they may,
he unquestionably deserves credit for his readiness to
comply with the wishes of his SOVEREIGN. He has
set an example of prompt obedience to the laws,
which, of course, his Orange brethren, Lords WYN-
FORD, KENYON, and WINCHILSEA, will follow with
equal alacrity. Indeed, we are convinced—such
is the high opinion we entertain of the pa-
triotism of these enlightened statesmen—that no-
thing will give them greater pleasure, than ',has-
tening, by all the means in their power, the dissolution
of the Orange Societies. Lord I.I.TYNFORD, in par-
ticular, will be in extacies at the idea of being thus
able to parade his patriotism—so meek and tolerant
is he by nature, and so utterly devoid of that rancorous
spirit which would sacrifice even the Constitution
itself, to promote the triumph of party. And will that
philosophic sage, KENYON, be less eager to display
his loyalty ? Assuredly not. He, too, will not hesi-
tate an instant to show his intense devotion to his
King, but vie with WINCHILSEA in his zeal to•forget
that he was ever a supporter of the Ascendancy sys-

tern. Meantime, cheering—most cheering—is the 1
prospect that the dissolution of this system opens to
Ireland. She has now a chance of fair play. The
fends that have distracted her for ages are on the eve
of disappearance, for by this day week not an Orange
Society will exist in the sister country. Catholic need
no longer fear Protestant ; Protestant need no longer
hate Catholic ; but both—the main cause of strife and
jealousy removed—may meet on friendly terms, each
endeavouring to surpass the other, in his zeal to pro.
mote the interests of their common country. We sub-
join the letter, on the subject of Orange Lodges, read
by Lord JOHN RUSSELL last night in the House of
Commons, from the Duke of CUMBERLAND. It is
the most creditable composition his Royal Highness
ever penned :

" St. James's Palace, Feb. 26, 1836.

" MY LORD,
" I have received your Lordship's letter with the enclosed
printed copies of the resolutions of the House of Commons
containing an address on the subject of Orange Lodges,
and other similar Societies, together with his Majesty's most
gracious answer.
Before I had received your Lordship's communication I bad
already taken steps, in conjunction with several official and dis-
tinguished members of the Loyal Orange Institution in Ireland,
to recommend its immediate dissolution, in conformity with
the loyal principles of that Institution.
I have only to add I shall take immediate steps to dissolve
the Loyal Orange Institution in Great Britain.
" I have the honour to be, yours sincerely,
" ERNEST.
" To the Right Hon. Lord John Russell."

We beg to congratulate the Hon. and Learned Mem-
ber for Oxford, and his friends, relatives, and acquain-
tances, within the seventh degree of consanguinity and
affinity, upon his finished enunciation of an elaborate
essay on the affairs of Spain in the House of Com-
mons last night. Digressions of this kind, from the
ordinary and common-place business of Parliamentary
legislation, must, if followed up, be a great relief to the
House, as also afford some respite to public attention
throughout the country. Accordingly we find by the
report of the debate that the Hon. Member for Mid-
dlesex—never absent, and never inattentive when
questions of importance are under consideration—was
enjoying a tranquil slumber during the greater part of
the time the House was converted into a debating
club, for the better display of the virgin oratory of Mr.
MACLEAN. And although many Members of much
influence in the House were able to resist the
narcotic influence of this Gentleman's eloquence, it was
evident that there was a powerful struggle going for-
ward between the weakness of the flesh and the will-
ingness of the spirit.
But, to speak seriously, what must the country
think of the legislative capacity of a gentleman who
thinks proper to interrupt the business of Parliament,
in order that he may have an opportunity of displaying
his knowledge of the law of nations ? Mr. MACLEAN
had no motion to make—no resolution to move. His
sole object was to deliver himself of a speech,
we dare affirm, written and re-written a dozen times
over, with a view no doubt of being appointed pre-
ceptor to the Foreign Secretary. And yet we ques-
tion whether in the whole course of our life we read
a speech so tame, so prosy, so absolutely good for
nothing, as that of the Hon. Member for Oxford.
In attempting to grapple with the question by the aid
of historical precedents, he lost himself as completely
as ever did Irishman in a bog on a misty day. Of the fo-
reign relations of England under ELIZABETH, he
proved himself deplorably ignorant ; while of the prece-
dents which the negotiations of JAMES I. with the
Court of Madrid supplied, he appeared to know
nothing whatever. His speech from first to last was
one dull uninteresting string of common-places—of
worn-out prudential maxims—and of threadbare inter-
national theories, more fitted for the meridian of such
pigmy states as Modena, Naples, and Sardinia, than
powerful kingdoms, such as Great Britain and France.
Very different from the twaddling common-place
exhibition of the Hon. Member for Oxford, was the
lucid and straightforward speech of the Noble Lord
the Secretary for Foreign Affairs. Most cordially do
we'congratulate Lord PALMERSTON on his candour
with respect to the Spanish question. Nothing could
tend more directly to raise him in the opinion of this
country—to draw a veil over his mistakes with respect
to Poland—to cause a forgetfulness of the timid reserve
which he exhibited in the course of the debate upon Lord
DUDLEY STUA RT'S motion—than his open and manly
avowal of the interest which England had in the restora-
tion of tranquillity in Spain, and the permanent success
of the cause of Queen ISABELLA 11. The following
extract from his speech, contains a fine defence of the
principles of the Whig Administration, with respect
to foreign interference ;--
" Now, it was for the interest of England that Spain should
be free, prosperous, and happy, and that she should receive the
benefits of the Constitution which had been granted to her. Mi-
nisters had been accused of interfering under the mask of non-
interference ; but with the treaty and the order of council upon
the table, it was a misrepresentation to say that it was not their
object to interfere.—( Cheers.) They had been accused of med-
dling too much in the affairs of others ; but as long as Bri-
tain had commerce to protect, or shores to defend, it was the
greatest insanity to contend that she should be debarred from
interfering in the affairs of Europe. We had interfered both
to our own advantage and that of the countries concerned. Wo
had interfered in the case of the Greeks ; they were no longer
that nation of robbers by land and pirates by sea they had
been reproached with being, but were settling down to the arts
of peace, building cities, and cultivating their fields. In the
affairs of Belgium they had interfered ; and had Belgium been
the worse for it ?—( Cheers.) Instead of being discontented and
turbulent as they once were, they were now contented, pros-
perous, and happily governed by a King of their own choice.
They had interfered in the affairs of Portugal, and that coun-
try, he supposed, had not much reason to complain. They found
her wasted by civil war, or rather oppressed by a grinding de-
spotism, the flower of her nobility in exile, and the greatest
part of their property confiscated. She was now free and
prosperous, even the Miguelites buying the national lands, and
every act f the Government promising a long career of pro-
sperity.—(Cheers.) They had been met, then, by the same
prophecies that were now repeated as regarded Spain. The
success of Donna .Maria was represented as a thing impossible ;
it was said that she could never reach Lisbon—that the whole
Portuguese nation was for Don Miguel—that all that they did
in her support was only time and trouble thrown away—and
that every hour they were storing up for themselves political
ignominy and disgrace. Undoubtedly we were more interested
in the affairs of Spain than we had been in those of countries
to which he had already made allusion.

The Right Honourable the Member for Tam-
worth, seeing the plight to which the Honourable
Member for Oxford was reduced, entered the lists,
with no other view, we should suppose, than to
cover his retreat. Had he taken the field as a com-
batant, he could never have been guilty of such an
absurdity as to assert that England ought not to de-
fend liberal principles in Spain, lest Austria or Rus-
sia should find in her conduct a precedent for inter-
fering to establish despotism in States adjacent to their
respective territories. That no doubt may be enter-
tained by the Tories as to the correctness of our re-
port of the drift of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S speech, we
shall quote the passage as we find it in the Times :
The Noble Lord (Palmerston) also said " It is for our in-
terest that there should be a free Government established in
Spain." A similar allegation might be made by the despotic
Governments of the continent as their justification for checking
the growth of nascent freedom in any of the States in their It-
einity.—(Cheers from the Opposition.) Prussia or Austria,
for instance, might allege, " Our interests are opposed to the
establishment of democracy, or to the maintenance of popular
government, in the neighbourhood of our territories, and on
the sane principle on which England, possessing a popular
government awl a free constitution, has interfered in Spain to
procure the establishment of a similar political system in that
country, do we justify oupsalves in promoting a system of
despotism, and in crushing the first attempts to establish a just
and rational liberty."
Looking at this argument in a rational point Pf
view, what does it amount to ? Why simply to this t
i‘ Physicians have often told you that sea-bathing re.
moves many disorders to which persons At 44.* And
such habits are subject. Do you not see that persons
may drown themselves under a similar pretence ? You,
w - o are in your senses, may judge it salubrious to

have recourse to a bath ; but remember that insane
persons may cite your example in favour of a means of
abridging the period of human life. Men shoot their
enemies in battle. Now, going on the abstract prin-
ciple of shooting, may not this practice be perverted
into a precedent by those who may be extravagaw,
enough to meditate shooting themselves ?" But .;,,hat
really able Statesman would offer Such a reason for the
prevention of any act done, or contemplated to
be done, by a free Government ? Besides, Sir
ROBERT PEEL knows—quite as well as we do—
that neither Austria nor Russia are indiffe-
rent spectators of the war in Spain. He knows
right well that without the secret assistance of these
Powers DON CARLOS never would have been able to
raise the standard of rebellion in the Basques. He
knows too that these Powers waited not for the initia-
tive in England when liberty was to be abolished in
Poland. The downfall of that brave but hun appy
country was one of natural consequences—of an atten-
tion to such Tory maxims on the part of the Free
Governments of England and France, as that pro-
pounded by the Right Hon. Baronet.

The whole of the Paris Papers of Thursday have
been received. Their contents furnish no matters of
any interest. From the general tone of the Press we
are inclined to doubt the permanence of the new
Cabinet. The Debais clearly intimates that another
dissolution is by no means improbable, the more espe-
cially as Ministers have been coldly received by both
Chambers.

.
.• , a.'• • . . ..
. ~,,,,.; _
. • •• . ,
1-_..e15.:,,,,.....,..e ...z. -•,, .......•,....--crk .....1.0,---,„ •• .. „Lye' - A ~ ,

ZI);e )1,.t:1x,