The Sun.
London, England, 1825-02-11 00:00:00

MERCANTILE SHIPPING.

DEAL, FEn. 10.--Wind \V.—Passed through for the River
the Antelope, 3lunnings, from the Cape of Good Hope. Ar-
rived from the River and remain the Eclipse, Clark, for Val-
paraiso; Courier, Thomas, Tampico; Columbine, Tuit, Ber-
muda ; Highlander, Michell, New Providence ; Ocean, Saplbon,
St. Übes ; and Coromandel, Bayer, for India ; the latter passed
through.
PORTSMOUTH, FEB. 10.—Wind S.W.—Arrived the Mary
Ann, Clibbins, from London for Vera Cruz; and the Jane, of
Liverpool, from ditto for Bahia.
FALMOUTH, FEB. 9.—Wind N.W.—Arrived the Henry,
Lewis, from Corunna, in 8 days. Sailed several coasters round
the land.

LIVERPOOL, FEB. 9.—Wind W.N.W.--Arrived the
Allerton, Davies, from Jamaica ; Washington, Craig, from
Charlstone, sailed the 7th of January ; Oglethorp, Tubman,
from Savannah, sailed the 10th of.lanuary ; and Thorne, Hume,
from Demerara, sailed the 231 December in company with the
Esequibo for the Clyde, and the Marathon, for Belfast.
GRAVESEND, FEB. 10.—Sailed the Hon. Company's ship
Farquharson, Cruickshanks, for China.

Off Dartmouth the Harmony, Cornelius, from Bahia, in 80
days, for Hamburgh.

THE MARKETS.

CORN EXCHANGE, FEE. 11.
The arrivals of all sorts of Grain are this week tolerably good.
There is not much doing in the Wheat trade, and prices re-
main as Monday. Barley sells very heavily, and is rather
cheaper. Beans fully support last quotations. Pease of both
kinds are unaltered. Oats find buyers slowly at no variation
in value. The Flour trade is excessively dull.
ARRIVAL s—English Wheat, 10,200; Barley, 4,200; Oats,
12,200 ; Irish Wheat, 370 ; Oats, 600 ; Foreign Barley, 5,650 ;
Oats, 4,000 qrs. ; Flour, 8,700 sacks.

SMITHFIELD MARKET, FEB. 11.
The following is an accurate Report of the numbers and
prices at Smithfield Market this morning:.--
CATTLE AT MARICZT
Beasts 4ll `Sheep
Calves l3B i Pigs
To sink the Offal, per stone of 811).
Beef 4s 2a to Ss 2d 1 Veal
Mutton 45 8d to 55 6d j Pork ......... 58 Od to 6s Od
Lamb Os Od to Os Od.

HAY AND STRAW, PER LOAD.
Hay £3 Os to £5 Os Clover ...... £.l Os to XO 15s
Straw £1 16s to £2 Bs.

COMMON COUNCIL.—The Navigation Commit-
tee yesterday recommended that the Corporation should re-
main neuter on the question of the Saint Catherine's Docks.—
The sum of 5001. was subscribed in aid of the fund for the relief
of the Spanish and Italian Refugees. A recommendation to sub-
scribe 500/. towards the completion of the project for making
an opening on the south side of Fleet-street, near St. Bride's
Church, for the purpose of exhibiting that noble edifice to
public view, was negatived by a majority of 75 to 50.-11 r.
Ju PP was elected Principal Clerk of the Court of Requests ;
the numbers being, for him 115, for 11Ir. REarr 93.

The Hon. CLIRISTOPHER HUTCHINSON was pre-
vented from attending the House last night, in
consequence of the death of his sister, the Hon.
CHRISTINA HUTCHINSON.

The Paris Papers of Tuesday arrived last
night. 'They are filled almost entirely ‘lith the
debates in the British Parliament on the first day
of the Session. The chief attention of the French
Journalists is directed to Mr. CANNING'S speech,
as delineating the policy of England towards the
South American States, upon which the Canstitu-
tionnel bestows its accustomed measure of com-
mendation. It is now denied that the Prince de
METTERNICH means to visit Paris, as was re-
ported. The project of law for regulating reli-
gious communities has been amended by the
Chamber of Peers, by a majority of 115 votes
against 100, with respect to the right of the
Crown to authorise their establishment in future.
According to the Ministerial project, religious
communities not in existence on the Ist of Jan.
1825, might be erected by a Royal Ordinance ;
but by the amendment it becomes necessary to,

obtain a specific law for each Institution. This
amendment completely changes the principle
upon which the proposed enactment was founded,
and may be regarded as a defeat of the Catholic
Clergy.
The Etoile contains intelligence from Greece
highly favourable to the cause of independence.
" The troubles in the Morea are entirely calmed ;"
the famous VArtvAKI, who was considered in the
light of a Russian Agent, had been exiled to
Syra, but had since been permitted to repair
to Zante ; and COLOCOTRONI, abandoned by-
his troops, has, it is said, been made pri-
soner, and taken to Napoli di Romania.—
The same paper contains some official communi-
cations from Naples to the 24th ult. The new
KING had issued several Decrees, one of which
nominated his brother, the Prince of SALEUNO,
Lieutenant-General of his Armies, and Con,-
mander-in-Chief of his Guard. By another an
entire amnesty had been granted to all deserters
from the army and navy, who should rejoin their
corps before the 31st of March next. The KING'S
autograph letter to his brother, announcing his
new appointment, abounds with marks of conli-
deuce and affection.

FRENCH FUNDS.—PARTS, FEB. B.—Five per Cents.
103 f. 55c.—Bank Stock, 1,978 f. 75c.—Neapolitan Rentes (Fah
connet's), 88f. 90c.—Spanish ditto, 174 ; Royal Spanish Loan,
1823, 574.—Exchange on London, one month, 251. ; three
ditto, Ne. 85c.—( Cour: Authentique.)

Frankfort Papers of the 4th instant, received
this morning, mention that the Assembly of the
States of Baden has been convoked by the
GRAND DUKE to meet on the 21st instant. It
will be seen by the following article that the
En4lish Quakers have sent Missionaries to West-
phalia, who have been very successful in making,
converts to their religious tenets :
MuysTE R, JAN. 29.—The following article is in a West.
phalian Paper :
" Some time ago the inhabitants of a whole Parish in the
County of Mark seceded from their Clergyman, renounced tLe
rites of the Church, and, infected by the mystical bigotry and
reveries of ill-understood religious principles, have become per-
fect separatists. The Consistory of the Province of Westphalia
has adopted suitable measures against these abuses, and ha:;
commissioned the Rev. M. Weihe, of Mennighuffen, whose
long services bear testimony to his excellent character, to restore
the established order of the Church. Mr. Weihe has visited the
Parish in question, but we hear that he has not been received
as it was hoped he would, and that he has effected nothing. Is
is much to be wished that the particulars may be made known.
Indeed it is not only in the county of Mark, but in other parts
also of Westphalia, that melancholy occurrences of this kind are
remarked. In the neighbourhood of Pyrmont and Minden also,
the sect of the Quakers is evidently gaining ground, and male
and female preachers come even from foreign countries. Thus
in the course of last autumn several rich Quakers from Eng-
land arrived as Missionaries at Pyrmont, and from that place
went to Minden ; in both places these people, and even some
inspired women among them, preached in the meetings of the
Brethren in the English language, which was explained by an
intepreter. They likewise distributed numerous printed tracts
chiefly in the French language, and were not sparing of money,
having, it is said, distributed among their partisans about a
eiousand dollars."

The Nuremberg Correspondent of the 3ti
February informs us, that the Southern Cantons of Switzer-
land are negociating a Commercial Treaty with the Austrian
Government of Lombardy, for the transit of goods through
Lombardy from Switzerland to the Ports of the Alediterranean,
and vice versa. It is supposed that this Treaty will not be
definitively concluded until the arrival of Prince .MET TER-
Nam at Milan in the spring. It is reported, that at the same
time the negotiations between the Canton of the Grisons and
Lombardy, on certain unsettled points, will be brought to a
conclusion ; and that an indemnity will be granted to several
families in the (irisons, whose great estates were confiscated in
consequence of the arbitrary proceedings of Bu ONAPARTE in
1797 in the Valteline, and the districts depending on it.

After the comprehensive description of the
nature, objects, and conduct, of the Catholic As-
sociation, given last night in the House of Com-
mons by Mr. GOULBURN, it is impossible that
any man of sense can doubt of its mischievous
tendency, and of the necessity of putting an end
to it. The chief purpose of the Bill proposed
by Mr. GOULBURN, is to prevent the Association
from holding permanent sittings, and from levy-
ing contributions in aid of any object which they
may have in view, in matters which may relate
to the forcing of any particular religion on
the State, and other matters equally tending to
trench upon the authority of Government, and
the Powers of the State. Mr. GOULBURN ob-
served with great truth, justice, and reason, that
if you do not put down the Catholic Association,
you must expect that a body of an opposite de-
scription will arise to support those objects
which the former are endeavouring to destroy.
What then must be the state of the country
where such rival Factions are found to exist. The
Members and the Advocates on both sides will
anxiously labour to promote and to support their
respective views. The struggles between both
must necessarily be to keep alive hostile feelings
that may produce offensive acts. The Catholic
Association may properly be characterised as the
CATHOLIC PARLIAMENT, involving the functions
of the House of Peers and of the House of Com-
mons. They assume the province of both Houses
in suggesting laws, and in the eventual attempt
to carry them into execution, and of the
House of Commons, in particular, in raising the
Supplies! Can such a power be safely tolerated
in any country, and especially in one where reli-
gious ambition, ambition because aiming at poli-
tical authority, is the main principle upon which
religious Emancipation, as it is styled, is sought
for by a large majority, against the National
Faith of the Empire. If the Catholic Association
raised pecuniary supplies for the purpose of feeing
Counsel, in order to promote their purpose by
legitimate means, through the medium of the
Constitution, as observed by Mr. GOULBURN,
there could be no reason why they should not
be used in such a manner, but when the
Catholics erect themselves into a formidable
body, and acquire immense wealth, and that
wealth gradually,almost rapid ly,'eaugmenting, po -
vernment would essentially neglect its duty, ifit
did not vigilantly watch its progress and guard.
against its ulterior operations.
we have not room to pursue this
to notice the masterly, admirable, and irre-
sistible train power of nns-
ttra ion, arguments, and
with which Mr. i
Secretary lEEL sup-
t.
Gour.sußN, and carried conviction to every
mind that feel for the tranquillity of Ireland,
and the general security Vlresu
of the Empire.
that
we
and
ported the reasoning and facts advanced by Mr.

recovered from the effects of his late
The KING, we are happy to state, is almost
indisposition.

'FJIE LONDON JOURNALS.

DAILY
Eth.actgfrom the Morning Papers, Feb. 11,1825.

[BRITISH PRESS.]
The Parliamentary proceedings last night were
of great interest in both houses ; but we have
liow only space to advert to them very briefly.
The Committee of Inquiry concerning the State
of Ireland, appointed by the Lords last Session,
was renewed, the Earl of Liverpool-stating, that
his object was that the inquiry should be broad
and comprehensive. In the House of Commons,
Goulburn obtained leave to introduce the
Bill for amending the existing laws relative to
:)legal Associations in Ireland. This measure,
the Rizht Hon. Gezi:leman stated, would extend
to alt societies assuming to act for redress of
grievances, all Committees of permanent dura-
tion, and all Associations formed to levy or col-
lect money. It will also include affiliated and
corresponding Societies which refuse admission
to any persons on account of their religious faith,
or which are bound by any oaths not sanctioned
by the laws of the country. Scientific, literary,
:sad charitable Associations will be left un-
touched in their operation,and the ordinary mode
of proceeding will be by indictment, though, in
rases of vexatious prosecution, the right of in-
terference will be reserved for the Attorney-
Cli,neral. The :%cts proposed to be amended
are the Irish Convention Act of 1703, and the
Act of 1523-against Secret Societies. Mr. Aber-
cromby, Sir Henry Parnell, Mr. John Williams,
and Mr. Denman, strongly opposed the intro-
duction of the Bill, which was supported by Mr.
Leslie Foster and Mr. Secretary Peel. Mr.
John Smith spoke early in the debate, but not
decisively, With respect to the proposed measure.
lie reserved himself- till he saw its provisions.—
On the conclusion of Mr. Denman's speech, which
was peculiarly vehement, the call foradjourn.
merit was general from all parts of the House,
and accordingly at a quarter past• two the re-
mainder of the debate was deferred till this
evening.

[MORNING NAT.]
In the nonse of Commons last night, Mr.
.i-oulburn proposed the measure of which he had
:given notice for suppressing all improper and.
.iangerous Associations in Ireland, and explained
both the causes which rendered it necessary and
ine nature of its provisions. Although it was the
boast of the Catholic Association that all their
proceedings were exposed to the eyes of the
world, they little expected, prahably„ that the.
..ecret organization of the system by which they
obtain their rent should be 'so fully displayed as
it was by the Right lion. Secretary. lie showed
that it was still more obnoxious than the Rent
itself. There were officers and inferiOr officers
11 depending on one another,- and exhibiting a
machinery which might be applied to the most
dangerous purposes. lie also proved that the
conduct of the Association", in the prosecution of
alleged offences, had been more unjust than that
of any Body of a similar nature by which it had
been preceded. With respect to the Bill which
he meant to introduce, it went to amend two
Acts—one passed in 1793 by the Irish Pairlia-
ment, and called the Convention Act—the other
passed the year before last, for putting down Se-
cret Societies in Ireland. As the most-objection-
able features of the Catholic Association were the
permanency of its sittings, and its obtaining Rent,
the Bill contained provisions to prohibit perma-
nency and the levying of funds in the manner
in which it had been done. It also provided
more effectually apinst the evasion or substitu-
tion of oaths, so as to defeat all the attempts of
those who sought to maintain secret Societies
in defiance of the law. After having brought
forward many strong arguments to establish
the necessity of the measure, the Right
Honourable Gentleman admitted the fol-
lowing., which appears to us unanswerable. Ile
called upon the House to consider the actual di-
lemma in which they stood upon this, ques.tion.
If they refused to put down the Catholic A-so-
ciation, he told them they must consent to the
establishment of a counteracting Society of Pro-
testants and Orangemen. Thus there. would he
two Parliaments in that distracted Country—a
Popish Parliament, and a.Protestant Parliament,
each exercising the functions of Government, and
shaping their hostile course to the destruction of
each other. The embarrassments and perplexing
evils which would flow from so outrageous a state
of affairs, would amount to a complete stoppage
of the intercourse of society. The Catholic As-
sociation had created the necessity for their own
dissolution, and afforded a complete justification
for the measure. After a debate protracted till
two o'clock this morning, in the course of which
Mr. Secretary Peel made a forcible and eloquent
speech in support of the Bill, the further discus-
sion was adjourned on his motion to this day. In
the House of Lords the Earl of Liverpool moved
" that a Select Committee be appointed to inquire
into the State of Ireland, more particularly with
respect to those circumstan,:es which may have
led to disturbances in that part of . the United
Kingdom." The motion was adopted unani-
mously.

[rnF. TIMES]
Mr. Goulburn, it appears from ourseport of
last night's proceedings in the house of Com-
mons, opened his plan of warfare against the
Irish Associations, Orange as well as Catholic.—
Since, however, the Right lion. Gentleman re-
serviqi for a future period all details of the in-
tended Bill itself, we can form no. judgment of
its spirit or efficacy but from the imperfect light
aff)rded us through the official and somewhat
meagre statement of its objects. From these we
learn, that self-constituted assemblies are not to
be considered permanent, and that they are not
to levy or receive contribuitions. So much for
the Catholi, side of the question. The Bill is to
operate against the Orangmen, by suppressing
affiliated societies, and by making it illegal to
take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy be-
fore a Magistrate. (this . being the device by
which the Orange faction kept their bands to-
gether after the Bill of 18:29., against secret oaths
Gad been eaacto), except in cases where such

oaths are enjoined by the Legislature. These,
we apprehend, are the principal objects unfolded
by the Secretary for Ireland, on moving for
leave to bring in his Bill; offences against which
are to he proceeded against by indictinent,under
the authority of the Law Officers of the Crown.

[NEW TIMES.]
Mr. Goulburn's Bill, which was moved last
night, will be found not to be directed against the
Catholic AssociatiOn exclusively. It is neither
the 'object nor the wish of Government to make
itself a party to any invidious distinctions, where
the injury to the community is equal : and by
the injury to the community alone the degree of
restraint imposed on individuals or associations
must be determined. Generally speaking, there-
fore, all Societies in Ireland, which, assuming to
act for redress of grievances, give themselves a
permanent duration, and collect money to support
such continuous establishment—all Societies which
are affiliated or correspond with others taking
oaths not authorised by law, or excluding per-
sons on account of their religious faith, will be
reached, and controuled by the proposed law.—
In putting down the Catholic Association alone,
his Majesty's Ministers would have been support-
ed by at least nine-tenths of the population ; but
when that measure is carried into effect with a
manifest spirit of impartiality, when looking
with an equal eye on the excesses of Cattolit
and Protestant, the Legislature can truly say

Tros, Tyriusve, mini nuilo discrimine agetur ;
then the appropriation must be as nearly as pos-
sible unanirnous.—The Eloile labours very un-
successfully to defend the Catholic Association.
This is natural. The bond of common faith
must necessarily give a bias to the French Jour-
nalists in favour of a Society which assumes the
name of Catholic, and of which he knows little
beyond the name. Some of his reasonings,
however, are curious enough. lie contends that
the Bible Societies stand on the same footing
as the Catholic Association, inasmuch as they
receive pecuniary contributions. But the
question is, what do they do with the money
they receive ? Do they apply it to a political
use ? No, they devote it solely to religious pur-
poses. Can any one say, that the purchase and
distribution of Bibles bears the least analogy to'
the institution of party prosecutions, the inter-
ference in private disputes, or the acting for
redress of public grievances? The end and pur-
pose of the Society determines its real character;
and, therefore, exceptions will, with great pro-
priety, be made in Mr. Goulburn's Bill, of So-
cieties manifestly devoted to innocent or laudable
purposes, such as agriculture, trade, and charities.
One word more—The care of Government to
protect, as much as possible, the liberty of the
subject, is sheNvn by the provision, that no per-
son charged with being a member of an illegal
association shall be prosecuted otherwise than by
indictment. The Bill, therefore, can never be
made use of for purposes of vexation ; or, should
such an attempt be made, the Attorney-General,
by directing a noli prosequi, may protect the
party accused from injustice.

STILE PUBLIC LEDGER.]
Letters were received yesterday from Leghorn
to the 28th ult. They announce, on the autho-
rity of recent 'advice's from Zante, without
mentioning however any (late, that order was
entirely re-established in the-Morea, and that
Colocotroni was obliged to surrender himself
up to the Government, without being able to
stipulate for his personal security. As this
was his second offence, it was supposed that
he would be left to the rigour of the law.
One of his chief partizans (Sicini), who had
escaped to Zante, had nearly fallen a victim to
the indignation of the Islanders, but was saved
by the timely interposition of the English Autho-
rities, who had placed.him in the Lazaretto, for;
the purpose of subtracting him from the resent-1
ment of the inhabitants. We mentioned on a
former occasion the arrival in the same island of
Longos, another principal conspirator ; and we
now learn, from these letters, that he had first
tried to tint: a place of refuge at Alissolonghi.—
Before he thought proper to trust his person to
the Governor (Mavrocordato), he sent to make
inquiries whether he could land in safety. The
answer was, that he might land, but that his
.safety would depend on the Government of the
Mores, to whom, if they were to make the de-
mand, he should be given up. After this answer,
he did not think it prudent to follow his original
intention, but proceeded to Zante, as we have al-
ready noticed. The overthrow of this formidable
conspiracy shews that the Greeks have as little
to dread from domestic tyranny as from open
hostility ; and indeed their factions, by keeping
their energies constantly alive, have had only the
effect of consolidating their cause.

[MORNING CfiIiONICLE:3
We have received the Etoile of Wednesday,
and the other Paris Paper for Tuesday. We
are not a little amused with a controversy
between the Constitutionnel and the Etoile, on
the subject of the British recognition of South
America, in which the former Paper triumph-
antly cites from Mr. Canning's speech, in
the discussion on the Address, a passage, in
which the Foreign Secretary is made to assert,
that the Power which first recognizes the inde-
pendence of South America must necessarily gain
advantages over .the others. The French are a
very clever people, and a very diligent people,
and we are therefore surprised that they should
have such difficulty in discovering the meaning of
what they undertake to translate. Mr. Canning
was at particular pains to disclaim all at-
tempts to obtain preferences and undue advan-
tag,es. " Spain," he said, " has been told for
years, that if she would take the precedence in
this act of grace, Great Britain would he content
to follow at a humble distance, giving her all the
advantage of priority in the markets of her Co-
lonies. She has refused our offer, and though we
go alone in this recognition, we scorn to take any
separate advantage. in every treaty we have
negotiated with the Independent 'States, so far
from selling our recognition for a price, we de-
manded only to be placed where those IA ho
chose to follow us should stand upon equal terms

at our side." We will allow of controversies re-'
specting the meaning of Hebrew or Chaldaic
writers, but we protest against the embroiling
the Grande Nation in a controversy respecting the
extent in which it has been cheated by our great
Statesman, when his language was as clear as the
English language would allow it to be.

LMORNING HERALD.]
Ireland has been for centuries a standing sub-
ject of experiment to political doctors of various
systems, and as various qualifications. It would
seem as if they thought they might try their
hands feeely upon the patient, like the doctors,
who, falling in with the unknown and half de-
funct body of the poor French grammarian in a
hospital, 'whispered to each other experiamur in
corpore viii. This latter patient demurred in
their own language, " non tarn vile, doctissinzi
quoniam," &c., and he was spared.
But Ireland—if this personification may be
allowed in speaking of a country where the
figures of rhetoric are of a familiar growth—
bore every operation—not very patiently, it
is true—and appeared the worse for it. In the
last twenty years there have been nearly as
many Lords Lieutenant and Chief Secretaries
practising in couples, and of these no two couples
pursuing the same principles. Take the four
latest on the list, including the present, Messrs.
Pole, Peel, Grant, and Goulburn, and no one
who knows any thing of the individuals, or of
the country in question, will deny for an instant
the discrepancies between them. At length, how-
ever, there is something like improvement—there
is the authority of the King's Speech for assum-
ing that Ireland is tranquil. Tranquillity in Ire-
land, however, is a thing so strange—so like
that suspension of, or deviation from, the ordi-
nary course of nature, which is called a miracle,
that people in this incredulous ade are slow of
believing it, or they regard it as the Pagans did
what they called a prodigy—the sign of approach-
ing evil. But admitting even that the tranquillity
is neither unnatural not delusive, there is still
another mischief—the credit of the cure,
instead of being left to the regular practice
of the Lord Lieutenant and Chief Secre-
tary, is claimed by a mere quack without
diplonza—the Catholic Association. Whether
this Le so or not we will not stop to inquire. The
question here is the health and safety of the
people. Mr. O'Connell and the Catholic Asso-
ciation may die, and even he forgotten, but " the
people are eternal." But assuming for a moment,
without asserting, that the tranquillity of the
Irish is produced by the Association, is there no
consolatory, encouraging, and beneficial infer-
ence to be drawn from this ? Leaving out of the
question altogether the views and characters of
the Association, personal and political, what is
the ostensible process publicly taken by them in
their appeals to, and their connection with,
the Catholic, or great mass of the population ?
It is simply holding out to them the se-
curity of an impartial administration of
the laws as they exist, and the promise
or the hope of admission to the entire protection
and privileges of the Constitution. Surely a
people which can be diverted from riot, anarchy,
and crime by considerations so perfectly and com-
mendably legitimate as these, is capable of being
brought, and speedily brought, within the unity
and integrity of the Empire, instead of the pre-
sent existing relation,discord, division, and eccen-
tricity. Now,if this course, pursued by the Catho-
lic Association—which has but little authority,
still less stability, and no power, has pro-
duced tranquillity, how much more efficacious
would it prove if adopted by the Government
—or, it may be called, by the State, and how
easily might the Catholics be thus taken out of
the hands of the Association, and brought within
the circle of their natural allegiance ? 1 t would
seem as if the Government thought it a point of
dignity to put down this Association. But the very
inequality of the parties is a reason why the higher
and the stronger may compromise its dignity, and
even its power. There are, no doubt, those in the
Cabinet whoare competent and expel t in the fram-
ing of an Act of Parliament; but a very inferior
degree of invention and sagacity will suffice to
evade one, especially where the ground is so
wide and the object so volatile. How, for ex-
ample, is it possible to prevent men from meeting
and talking, and publishing this " talk," if they
think proper, in the newspapers (always sup-
posing that they talk within the law), unless
there be an end put to the freedom of meeting,
the freedom of speech, and the freedom of the
press ? Again, how is it possible to prevent peo-
ple from voluntarily subscribing their money, for
an avowed purpose, however indiscreet, or even
injurious if it be, as it may be, legal—from sub.
scribing, suppose, avowedly to pay Cobbett for
travestying the History of the Reformation—with
out assuming a controul over individual disposal
of property, fit only to be exercised over Turks and
Russians. Possibly legal ingenuity may do this.
But if there should be a failure, what a spectacle,
the Catholic Association, and the •Government—
the former baffling, -like the Silenus of the poet,
the toils thrown around it ; by the evanescent
versatility of its forms ; unless indeed, like the
personage just mentioned in the eclogue, he
should be overtaken drunk—a supposition, it must
be allowed, not quite so violently improbable in
Ireland as elsewhere.

FOR THE SUN.

LANDSMANNSCHAFTEN.

MR. EDlTOR—Whoever has travelled through
any of the University towns in Germany, cannot
but have been struck with the appearance of the
students. They appear, what it seems they feel
a strong inclination to be, quite a race by them-
selves. Their appearance is neither gentlemanly
nor classical, nor is it academical ; but seems
intended to set at defiance all idea of elegance or
of gentility. It is, however, strongly charac-
teristic of the
,youths themselves.
The Burschen, which is the name they adopt,
enjoys every possible liberty. They live where
they please, and how they please ; and the only
restraints upon them are, au entire subjection to
the University discipline, which they do not
much regard, and an attendance at the lectures,
which there is no one appointed to see carried
into effect; but those who do attend, behave for
that space of time with a degree of decorum
which forms a striking contrast with their belia-
viour out of the lecture room. But once out of
this room, then the Burchen shows himself, such
as be delights to appear in the eyes of the towns-
people, or Philistines. The mornings are spent
in duelling, for duels are numerous ; the middle
of the day in renouncing, or any thing that will
make people stare at them, and in arranging the
duels of the ensuing morning ; and the evenings
are devoted to the various houses, where they
smoke, drink beer, and sing songs, breathing
only the spirit of liberty, until long after mid-
night. In these carousals, they fancy themselves
the worthy representatives of the true German
character, and either execrate the Holy
or swear to accomplish the long w ished - for re- ,
generation of their native land. In all their
songs, however, though there are frequent de-
clamations about patriotism and liberty, no al-
lusion is ever made as to any particular plan, or
any individual government.
Disgusting as such a mode of life really is, and
injurious as it must prove to the youths them-
selves, it is not this that renders them dangerous
to the peace of society. There exists amongst
the youths of each University, an esprit du corps,
which is rendered extremely alarming, by ex-
tending throughout all the Universities of Ger-
many, which are thus united by a powerful hand
into one solid mass. This it is that has given
birth to the spirit of insubordination that has oc-
casionally broke forth with singular violence.
This union is dangerous, because, while it adopts
as a maxim the more determined spirit of oppo-
sition to all constraint and discipline, it possesses,
by its various and extensive ramifications, an in-
trinsic force of union sufficient to give effect to
this opposition. This association is known under
the name of Landsmannschaften, which signifies
literally countrymunship. Those, in each Uni-
versity, are associations of students, formed in
direct opposition to the laws of the Univer-
sity, for the purpose of accomplishing any purpose
that may enter into their heads, and it is thought
also for the more important one of propagati►►g
wild political theories, and of preparing some
great political revolution. These associations
have each a President, a Secretary and Council-
lor, which we together styled the Convent of the
Landsmannschaft, and by which the funds, and
all the business of the association are managed.—
The Presidents of all the Landsmannschaften,
from what is termed the Senior Convent,
are to decide what concerns the whole body,
and to enforce a due observance of the
established rules of the society. Though both
these tribunals are known to meet often and re-
gularly, yet the utmost vigilance on the part of
the Police, has never been able to detect them.
It is only by the riotous and general opposition to
any new measure determined upon by the Senate
of the University, that the professor discovers the
active operations of this body, but they can
neither discover what youths are members of the
society, nor detect the meetings of the leading

members.
If Governments have thought it necessary
openly to attack this association, it has only con-
cealed its march with the greater secrecy. As
the Bunsche considers fidelity to his society to be
his first duty, he scruples not to sacrifice every
principle of honour, to promote its interest.
Thus, in some of the Universities, it is enacted
that every student when called before the Senate
to be examined concerning the society, leaves to
be a member, and may consequently assert that he
belongs to no such institution: while in others such
an inquiry is considered as in itself dissolving the
body, until the inquiry is over ; thus enabling
each member to swear that he is ignorant of the
existence of such an association ! In some, when
the student is admitted into the Society, he gives
his word of honour that he will omit nothing that
lies in his power publicly to discredit the ex-
istence of this, of which he then becomes a mem-
ber ! The promise, exacted in some places, that
the student will not enter into the Association,
has been declared by the Code of Leipsic, which
is printed, to be made null and void, or those who
exact it, are threatened with punishment !
There are a small number of youths who con-
scientiously refuse to join this society, but
wretched is the life they are doomed to lead !
insulted whenever an occasion offers, they are
banished from every place of entertainment fre-
quented by the adepts. Nor can the wretched
wild ones, as they are termed, hope for redress
or protection for any attempt to do so, infallably
of the whole body. Thus exposed to
hourly
mortifications, and treated like miserable
gobeurluticergal'sy down upon him the overwhelming yen-
sts, many are compelled to seek the protec-
tion of a Landsmanschaft, and become what they
denominate a Renouncer. But even then, they
are considered as mere dependants upon the pro-
tection of the Society, but are denied the most
enviable privileges of the Burschen.
The sentiments awakened In the breast of many
German youth during the campaigns of 1813 and
1814, nearly proved fatal to the Landsmannschaf-
ten. Some of the leading heads at Jena proposed
its abolition, which was eventually voted, and
;mother society, founded upon more civilized prin-
ciples.has been established under the new and ap-
propriate name of Burschenschaften, since it was
to comprehend all the Burschen of Germany. it

was at the same time agreed to form one suprely.e
Council of Delegates from all the Universities, 'n
order to cement the union, and to give more
energy to its proceedings. This, by awakeifin4
the fears of the Government, proved the coos'
of its ruin. The organization of this immease
body was considered as indicative of a secret Pludi'
to undermine the existing order of thing,;
if it be recollected that nearly ten thousand 00'
ruly and rash young men spread over the w bnte
face of Germany, were thus united into one body:
and about to obey one head, the fear of the
power can scarcely be considered as wholly chi;
merical. The Burschenschaft was abolished, bn
nosooner was this done than the Landsmannscha ften
rose again into existence, and with it all the
and riotous proceedings which had disappeare
during the short-lived existence of its succes„
sor, again became in vogue among the Burschen'
Whether this Society will prove eventually
troublesome to the Holy Allies, time alone (9"
show. Certain it is, that the principles which tll
students imitate at the University are not at a!
calculated to render them the submissive vassals
'
of arbitrary power. Because no effect has Yet
been visible in Germany, it is supposed 03t
when the student leaves the University, he aban'
dons all his Burschen notions. This is, at best'
a hazardous opinion. Germany has, at all tittles'
been the country of secret associations. I h e
associations, necessarily, ever worked in tnet
dark, and in our days, when the hand of RoYa
authority is comparatively strong, all plans fora'
'
ed against it, require time and patience to bring
them to maturity. In fine, it is scarcely reap
sonable to suppose, that youths trained up
hate and despise the authority of their professors;
will feel inclined to bow down with cornplet
submission to that of their Sovereign.

A . l''