The Sun.
London, England, 1831-11-19 00:00:00

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PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
T. R. Dixon and G. Nicholson, Stratford, Essex, flock-manu-
facturers—J. Knight, sea ,C. J. Knight, and J. Knight, jun.,
Macclesfield, silk-throwsters--T. and J. Barrow, Manchester,'
drapers—J. Shepherd and J. Webb, Shrewsbury, drapers—R.
Heath and J. Avery, Oxford.street, silk-mert‘ers—T. and R.
Kitrhing, Kingston-upon-Hull, tailors—O. Davies and W.
Wrris, Liverpool, woollen-clrapers=S. Sham] mid Co., Leeds,
woollen-cloth-merchants—l. Grant and Co. Genoa and Trieste
—Vi'. May and T. Williams, St. Austell, Cornwall, wool-
combers—T. Lane and C..naylis, Gloucester, oatmeaLonanufac-
turers—k. Wood and W. Barrow, Liverpool, wine-merchants—
G. Wagner and T. E. Foss, Brighton, Coach-proprietors—E.
Snook and W. S. Glanvile, Sunction-terraCe, Edgeware-road,
chemists—T. and It. Fitidge,BOstol, grocers—J. Wibberley and
.1. Broom, LiverpooMiainters—J. and H. Sheffield, Wellington-
place, Limehouse, iromnongers—W. Windale and W. Newton,
\Vatffird, -He'rabrdshire, attorneys—J. Tomlinson and R. New-
bald, hit4ston-upon-Hull, wharfingers.

CHOLERA AT SUNDERLAND.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

fear that the indignation which the London
newspapers express at the public being deluded with the
notion that the Asiatic cholera has reached Sunderland, is
quite premature. My sincere belief is that it is there, and
that the people of Sunderland have been much to blame
in the anger they have evinced towards their most intel-
ligent t,nel scientific men, who in the first instance honestly
declared that it had gained a footing amongst them, but
were afterwards for the most part prevailed on to sign an
equivocating resolution, making it appear doubtful whe-
ther the foreign cholera had reached our shores or not..—.
The truth must now be known. The disease is on the
increase. There are are five new cases and five deaths of
malignant cholera.
The signature to the cfficial report is changed ". This
may be casual, or it may be intended to show that Dr.
Daun is not the only person who is stationed there offi-
ciilly, and who considers it necessary that these reports be
made daily. Dr. James Gibson is a physician who has
been dispatched by order of Government from Edinburgh
to Sundei land, because from his practice in India lie is
presumed to b- well acquainted with the Asiatic cholera.

There is still, I believe, a want of proper co-operation
on the part of the resident medical gentlemen with Dr.
Daun, still a great disposition to let less than the truth be
known. Of this I am convinced, that some of the sur-
geons have not reported all their cases to him : that they
have given a correct list of their poor, but not of their
rich or respectilde patients. I do not, of course, know
to what extent this system of suppression may be carried,
hut to some extent I am certain it has existed.

The opinion generally expressed in Newcastle to-day is
that the matter assumes a serious appearance. I fear that
the intelligence to-morrow will be of a more gloomy cha
ractet than it is to-day, as I have heard of one person being
carried off yeverday by cholera after two or three hours'
illness, and of others being attacked, the result of which
cannot be known till we receive the next report.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
A MEMBER OF THE NEWCASTLE
BOARD OF HEALTH.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nov. 17, 1831.
N. B. I sin glad I sent you a prorr statement of the case
of Artnstrong, the porter, for I are some person has grossly
imposed on the Courier by representing it as being as bad
a case of cholera at Newcastle as any that has occurred at
Su erla nd !

* The Official Report received in London had the usual sig.
nature of Dr. Daun.—ED. SUN.

CHOLERA NIORBUS

A correspnndent h•as sent us the following letter, which
was received yesterday, from Sunderland :
Infirmary, Sunderland, Nov. 15.

I have just received your letter, and, according to your
request, have sat down to answer it. You ask, is the
dis,,,se true Asiatic or only aggravated English cholera?
To this I would reply, such a disease as this was never
wen in Sunderland : it hears no resemblance to Engli,h
cholera, and a most striking resemblance to the Asi .tic.
It dill-rs from our common indigenous disease in the fol-
lowing points :
In the season in which it has appeared—in its great
fatality, for scarcely more than one in five or six of the
aggravated cases recover—in the rapidity of its course, the
patient generally dying in from six to twelve hours after
the attack ; but it differs from common cholera most espe-
cially in its symptoms. The patient for the most part
complains at first of nausea and uneasiness in the stomach
and bowels, pro,. oily followed by vomiting of a fluid re-
sembling rice water or thin gruel, and frequent evacuations
from the bowels of a similar appearance ; cramps in the
toes and fingers, rapidly spreading up the arms and legs
to the chest and abdomen, when the sufferings of the
patient become truly distressing. The pulse, at first weak
and fluttering, becomes lost at the wrist, and generally not
even distinguishable at the prosscordial region; the strongest
voice becomes puerile, and at last hoarse and whispering ;
the tongue and fauces cold ; the skin cold as marble, and
livid; urine completely suppressed; the cramps, vomiting
and purging, generally at this time cease ; the move-
menta of the chest in respiration scarcely visible, and
were it not for tbe placid and rational answers to ques-
tions, you would suppose the body had been dead for
hours ; it in fact, looks like a living corpse. Such is
the assemblage of symptoms in this dreadful malady.
We have no evidence of its having been imported ; and
the prevailing opinion is that it is not infectious. The
first persons attacked were four men ; two were of one
family, but the others lived at a considerable distance;
they all died. One was brought to the infirmary : a
nurse who had never seen the patient while alive, but who
assisted in removing it to the dead house, at about eight in
the evening, was seized with the disease a few hours
afterwards, and rapidly sunk. I examined the body the
following morning, unfortunately pricked my finger, and
in a few hours was attacked with vomiting and purging,
complete loss of volision, and most alarming derangement
of the nervous system, from which I am but now partially
recovered.

Nevertheless, if it were infectious to any degree, we
should have had much more of it than we have had. The
disease is principally confined to the abodes of wretched-
ness and dissipation, where it appears to be almost uni-
versally fat ii. We have beard of two or three persons in
comfortable circumstances having been attacked, but so
much modified as to be comparatively mild, and always

curable.
Were you to see a patient who ha•l struggled through
the state of collapses, you would declare him to be in the
last stage of fever, frcon which he frequently in a few days
sinks into a second collapse, which is always fatal.
On the evening preceding the irruption of this disease,
we had a great deal of lightning, but for several days the
weather has been excessively cold and very clear. The
disease is at present altogether restricted to the eastern
part of the town, which you know contains a very dense
and low population, and is in a very filthy state.
As to the cure,--I believe, when the patient has fallen
into the state of collapse, no earthly thing will have any
effect : you might as well apply remedies to a corpse or a
!marble statue.

At the onset bleeding is the sheet-anchor, and generally
when we have succeeded in extracting twenty or thirty
ounces the patient had recovered, but it is at that time only
that the blood will flow,—the adjuncts are brandy and
opium internally, warmth externally.
As to its origin, I think the most likely cause is some
electrical change in particular parts of the earth, and not
souse poison generated in the atmosphere, as, were it the
latter, it would travel along with the trade winds in India;
whereas, the disease commonly progresses to windw ird.
(Signed) J. M. PENMAN.
P.S. I have just heard there were seven new cases, and
three or four deaths yesterday, Monday.— Times.

IRISH COURT OF CHANCERY.—On Thurs-
day morning, on the Loan CHANCELLOR taking his seat,
the Duke of LEINSTER and Lord WICKLOW appeared on
the bench with his Lordship; and Mr. Boucnaa, Clerk
of the Hanaper-office, proceeded to administer to them,
as Lords Lieutenant of the counties of Kildare and Wick-
low, the accustomed oath and declaration. The Clerk
of the Hanaper commenced by reading the " Declarat'on
aL;ain,t Popery," as a preliminary oath to be taken by the
above Noblemen, to qualify them for the oath as to the
faithful discharge of th.-ir high office. The loan Cirs.tr-
i;ELLOß appeared startled at the repetition of the words
" heretical," " damnable," " idolatrous," &c. Imme-
diately upon the conclusion of the " ceremony," the fol-
lowing observations were made, as far as we could catch
them :—Loan CHANCELLOR—Mr. Attorney-General, a
case should be submitted to the Law Officers of the Crown,
to see if the Act requiring the " declaration" be in force
at present in Ireland; I thought it bad been repealed.
ATTORNEY-GENERAL-4f shall be attended to, my Lo'd.
The Registrar of the Court here intimated, as we could
collect, that the declaration was usually administered even
now. LORD CHANCELLOR—I cannot, in a matter of
such moment, permit any custom to regulate the Court.
I think a case should at once be submitted to the Law
Officers of the Crown. The ATTORNEY-GitrzitAL—.lt
shall be forthwith atteoded to, ray Lord,
. . . ,

THE CHOLERA.

(From the Norwich Mercury.)

The following letter has been received by Henry Birk-
heck, Esq., of this city, from a gentleman residing at
Hamburg, and appears to us to contain more practical
good sense than any thing we have seen upon this subject :
Hamburg, Nov. 4, 1631.
MY DEAR COUSIN,—I have received your letter of 07th
ult., and gladly comply with your request to give you further
details respecting the cholera morbus, the more so as, by the
regulations published in the Gazette, the English Government
appears to me, with the very best intentions, to be taking quite
the wrong course in adopting precautions against infection,
which have universally been found injurious where they have
been put in force. A few weeks before the disease broke out
here the Senate published similar regulations, which it was
afterwards prevailed upon to withdraw by the unanimous en-
treaties of the medical men, who had been warned against
these measures by the physicians at the places where the nia-
lady was raging. It is still a matter of dispute whether the
malady is introduced by infection or not, that is, whether the
atmosphere being charged with the diseased matter requires a
case of actual cholera to set it in activity, as a spark ignites a
train of gunpowder; but it is certain that when the disease has
once appeared, there is not the least ground for supposing that
it is communicated by infection. In Dantzic and other places
the mortality has invariably been found to decrease as soon as
those precautionary measures were discontinued. It was

found that where boards, with " Cholera" printed upon them,
were fixed on houses containing sick persons, the disease im-
mediately appeared in the neighbouring houses, merely occa-
sioned by the terror of their inmates, as it is proved that the
fear of the disorder often produces it. Here no precautions
whatever of this kind have been enforced, and the disease has
decidedly a milder character than at almost any other place
that it has visited. Here two cases have seldom occurred in
the same house, and when this has been the case, the same
causes have always operated on the different persons, and they
have been seized almost simultaneously. Not a single case has
yet occurred amongst the physicians or the nurses and at-
tendants at the hospitals.
I will now communicate the precautions taken by all ra.
tional people here, to preserve themselves from this frightful
disease, by observing which, in case of its appearance in Eng_
land, you may rest assured that you will be in scarcely any
danger ofbeing attacked, and if attacked, the symptoms will in

• . . ---
all probability be so mitigated as to render your recovery cer-
tain. In the first place, continue to live in the same moderate
regular manner as hitherto, but carefully avoiding such arti-
cles of food as you know, by experience, do not perfectly agree
with your stomach. What at other times has merely produced
a little uneasiness, may now bring on the cholera. Avoid such
food as is liable to ferment or turn acid on the stomach—sour
fruit, raw vegetables, as sallad, lettuce, &c. Cabbage, turnips,
cheese, fish, pastry, hard boiled eggs, game if at all high, all
rich dishes, and very fat meat, must be avoided, or eaten in mo-
deration. Those persons who are in the habit of drinking wine
in moderation must continue to do so, as well as good sound
beer ! but if the latter is new, or at all sour, it is extremely dan-
gerous. People who are in the habit of eating and drinking
intemperately must endeavour to reform i❑ time, as they are the
most frequent victims of the disorder. Spirits should be avoided
as much as possible.
Avoid catching cold, and expecially expose yourself as little
as possible to the damp night air. When out in the evening
do not stand still or sit down, but keep yourself in constant
motion. Keep your feet warm and dry, A flannel bandage
round the lower part of the body is much recommended. When
heated, beware of cooling liquors.
Repress as much as possible every feeling of fear for the coin.
plaint, which, when excessive, often produces it. There is
really little ground for alarm, for people who take care of them-
selves. Keep your mind tranquil. All violent and painful
emotions are dangerous, as anger, extreme vexations, sudden
frights, &c. as well as depression of spirits.
Since the appearance of the disease here, almost every one
has had slight unpleasant attacks of one kind or the other,
which are considered as proceeding from the diseased state of
the atmosphere. I was seized with sudden giddiness and
faintness, accompanied with oppression on the stomach the
other day, and found that hundreds had experienced the same
sensations on the same day. Should the disease visit England,
you will no doubt have similar attacks there, and it is necessary

to know what is to be done when they occur, as they are some-
times the forerunners of the cholera. One young man to my
knowledge died of the cholera, from not having paid proper at-
tention to exactly the same symptoms.
In the first place, if you feel yourself the least unwell in the
stomach or otherwise, endeavour to remove the uneasiness im-
mediately by taking a teaspoon-full of magnesia, or any other
simple medicine which you may be in the habit of taking
for similar slight complaints. If you feel an oppression of the
stomach, accompanied by a sensation of extreme anxiety and
alarm (an affliction which numbers of persons have experienced
since the cholera appeared here), after having taken a
teaspoon.full of magnesia, or a Seidlitz powder, go to bed im-
mediately, cover yourself well with blankets, take camomile
tea (made of matricaria chamomilla, or chamomilla vulgaris, if
to be had, in preference to anthemis nobilis, which is com-
monly used in England), and you will probably fall immedi-
ately into a perspiration, which is a sure sign that the com-
plaint is of no further consequence, though it is always well to
send for a medical man, who will then probably rrescribo a
medicine to restore the tone of the stomach and prevent a
recurrence of the symptoms. Oil of camomiles rubbed on
the pit of the stomach has also a most soothing and salutary
effect, and ought at the same time to be applied. If the symp-
toms become worse, accompanied with head aclftti sickness,
pain in the bowels, coldness of the extremities, then an emetic
should be administered (indeed an emetic can never do any
harm, even when the symptoms are not so serious), and hot
bricks, or stone bottles filled with hot water, should be applied
to the feet, legs, and sides, the body should be well rubbed
with coarse flannel, and perspiration will almost always be
produced. If however the coldness still continues, the spiv-
toms increase, you feel cramp in the hands, feet, and calves
of the legs, the urine is stopped, the tongue cold, then it has
here been found the best method to rub the patient well with
warm oil (the cup containing the oil being placed in hot
water,) and then wrap him up with plenty of blankets,
which, even in the last stages, is sure to bring on profuse
perspiration, especially if a vein is opened. In one case
it had this effect an hour before the death of the patient,
and after the system was too severely paralyzed to admit of
recovery. Though the disorder generally begins with some
slight indisposition as above described, yet people are often at_
tacked suddenly with more violent symptoms (especially intem-
perate persons,) as vomiting, diarrhoea, cramp, C. In such
cases no time must be lost in putting the patient to bed, giving
him an emetic, and endeavouring to produce perspiration in one
way or the other, which is the chief point to be gained ; (the
body, when the disease is at its height, being as cold as a corpse,
even the breath is cold.) The further treatment must, of
course, be left to the physician. You must take measures for
having a physician at hand at a moment's notice if possible,
and I only presume to give the above directions in case medical
aid is not at hand.

With regard to laudanum, the use of opium has here been
found rather hurtful than otherwise, except perhaps in certain
cases, and in very small quantities, to allay excitement; and I
should by no means recommend it either with or without
brandy, until, at any rate, it has been tried and found success-
ful. The mode of treatment in the East Indies has been found
of no avail in Europe. The essence of Cayenne pePPer, of
which so much is spoken, has been tried, and is considered a
dangerous medicine. Camphor has been applied with success,
but must only be administered by a professional man.
I have now I believe put you in possession of the most im_
portant particulars regarding this terrible disease which have
come within my experience, and I hope the above remarks may
prove useful and interesting to you. For the rest, I would ad-
vise you to think as little as possible, after you have taken all
prudent measure for avoiding it, and in a very short time after
it breaks out, you will find that the first feelings of alarm will
subside, as it is much more dreadful when viewed at a distance,
than when at your door. Here we have had it exactly four
weeks, during which there have been attacked 672 persons, of
whom 353 have died, and 176 recovered. It seems to have been
at its height at the end of the second week, when 50 persons
were attacked on one day, 24 died and four recovered. To-day
only 18 were attacked (in 24 hours), six died and nine reco.
vered. You will thus see that we have been particularly fa-
voured, the population of Hamburg being about 120,000, and
the average mortality of former years being about 13 per day.
I attribute the mild character of the disease at Hamburg partly
to the way of living, the lower classes being well fed, and the
usual dishes plain and wholesome, more like the English than
the Prussian, Austrian, &c., in which countries they are fond
of messes mixed up of various, often unwholesome, ingredients.
The remarkably fine weather may also have been one cause of
the mildness of the disease, and we fear, when the November
fogs commence, that we may have a re-action. Here very few
deaths have taken place except amongst the lower classes. Not
one person of my acquaintance has died, though several have
had severe attacks, and only three persons, I think, have died
who are known to me even by name, although my acquaintance
here is very extensive.

I have just been informed that the Bishop of
DURHAM has this morning addressed a long letter to the
General Board of Health. It is said that in this epistle
the Right Reverend Prelate earnest'y recommends the
neighbouring towns to hold no communication with Sun-
derland. Within his own dominions, the palatinate, he
insinuates that he will command, not recommend ; and
moreover, that he will enforce obedience. This, I un-
derstand, is the purport of the Bishop's epistle ; hut I
have not 'seen able to procure a copy of it, nor even to
gain a sight of a copy. A deputation from Sunderland
has been sent to the Bishop, for the purpose of entreating
a remission of this sentence of excommunication, as it is
called here.—(From a Correspondent of the Times )
Rear-Admiral Sir THOMAS HARDY, Bart.,
and Mr. Housitrow, of the Admiralty, arrived at
Wirthnores Hotel on Monday, and the Right Hon. Sir J.
GRAHAM and Mr. BARROW, on Tuesday afternoon,
Their Lordships proceeded to visit the Breakwater and the
new victualhng•works at Devil's Poiot, successively, yes-
terday (Wednesday) ; and this morning will inspect and
muster the Dock-yard and Ordnance departments.
Saturday is the day appointed by the First Lord for seeing
such officers in his neighhourhood as may be desirous to
communicate with his Lordehip...Plymouth Journal.