The Sun.
London, England, 1849-06-18 00:00:00

VESSELS.

The comparative heat-generating surfaces of these
ships are--
Basilisk—Area of grate per horse-power, .543 square
feet; area of tubes, 13.11 square feet.
Niger—Area of grate per horse-power, .586 square
feet; area of tubes, 13.45 square feet.
Considering the boilers were made by different manu-
facturers, their proportions are nearly alike; but the
tubes of the Niger are behind the bridges (the lower
line of tubes is below the ashpit). The tubes of the
Basilisk are immediately above the grates.
During the recent trial those tubes of the Niger which
are in the smoke box farthest from the fire were partly
filled with soot, and at the furnace end ashes accumulated
so as to choke two tiers of tubes. The boilers of the
Niger can only maintain steam of about 41b. per square
inch, those of the Basilisk can keep it at 81b. In conse-
quence of this disadvantage the Niger was not in a posi-
tion fairly to contend with her competitor.
On the 9th instant the two vessels tried an experiment

in towing, when it was found that the Niger towed the
Basilisk at the rate of 4.8 knots per hour at an expen-
diture of fuel of 2 tons 3 cwt. 2 quarters per hour; and
the Basilisk towed the Niger under the same circum-
stances 7.67 knots, with an expenditure at the rate of 1
ton 13 cwt. per hour. Under the inspection of scientific
officers a series of experiments are now making in har-
bour on the ratan merits of the machinery and boilers
of each vessel,

Wind—Southerly.
CHATHAM, JUNE 15.—The Castor, 36 guns, Commo-
dore Christopher Wyville, Commander Bunce, dropped
down to Gillingham-reach, and after taking in her
powder was towed on Wednesday to the Nore, where
she will be inspected by the Port-Admiral. She will
then proceed to Plymouth, and will be paid her advance
on her arrival at that port. One sergeant, one corporal,
and three privates of the Royal Marines from this divi-
sion have embarked on board, for service at the Island
of Ascension.
Captain-Superintendent Peter Richards, C. 8., ap-
pointed to this yard, arrived yesterday afternoon from
Pembroke, by the Chatham yacht, and immediately
proceeded to his office to transact business.
The Boscawen, 70 guns, which is completed as an
advance ship, is not yet out of dock; she will be taken

out next spring tide.
The Juno, 26 guns, is ordered to be brought forward
for commission, and she will be taken into dock as soon
as a place is vacant for her.
The Quail naval lighter, from Pembroke, having on
board Captain Richards's furniture, arrived yesterday,
and when she was off the Isle of Wight fell in with a
severe squall of wind, which carried away her bowsprit
and topmast. The Duck naval lighter has also arrived
with stores and part of the furniture of the Captain Su-
perintendent, from Pembroke; and the Devon naval
lighter, from Plymouth, has arrived with copper bolts
taken out of the San Josef; 110 guns, which has been
broken up at that yard.
WOOLWICH, JUNE 15.—The Grappler steam-vessel,
Commander Lysaght, arrived here this morning at half-
past seven o'clock from the coast of Africa, to be paid
off, at ter serving her full period on that station. Rear-
Admiral Dundas, C. 8., was expected to visit the vessel
this afternoon. The Grappler had to put one of her ma-
rines on shore at Sheerness to be tried by a court-martial
at that station.

The Minx steam-vessel, fitted with a screw propeller,
was tried down the river yesterday under the charge of
Lieutenant Robertson. The Minx has been fitted by
Messrs. Seaward with a locomotive engine of 10-horse
power, and it was to ascertain her capabilities that the
trial took place yesterday. The vessel It ft, Messrs. Sea-
ward's establishment at the City Canal at 7 30 A.M., and
on arriving at Long-reach the speed was ascertained to
be 4i knots per hour on the average of three runs up
and down the river. It is intended to try her again with
a Ecrew of a different form.
The Undine steam-vessel, Lieut.-Commander Jones,
mail-packet on the Dover station, is ordered to Wool-
wich to be paid off.
PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 17.—During the present month
three of her Majest3's ships—the Arrogant, 46, Captain
Filzroy; the Plumper, 11, Commande;Nolloth; and the
vriar. i, 11, Cu mniander Craerofc—hav,7 sailed from this
port, lurnished n ith the Government distilling and cook-
ing galley, constructed by Mr. Grant; other galleys of
the same kind are also in course of manufacture for the
largest clgsse of vessels, the Dauntless, 1,496 tons ;

the Termagant, 1,556 tons ; mei the Encounter, 906
'tons—all new ships, on the screw principle—are or-
dered to have first-class machines of the above descrip-
tion. By the improvements made since the introduc-
tion of these galleys into the naval seriice the quan-
tity of fresh water obtained by the distillation of salt
water during the period it is required to keep the fires
alight in the galley for the purposes of cooking, will, on
the average, supply each individual on board the ves-
sels with one gallon of distilled water every day I
The-latter kind of water continues to be preferred for
drinking and culinary purposes to the water usually
supplied to ships ; it pesses immediately from the con-
denser into the water tanks at the same temperature
as the surrounding ocean. In these tanks it becomes
perfectly aerated, losing altogether the vapid flavour
common to all distilled water in the course of a few
hours, without the aid of chemical preparation or me-
chanical arrangement, by the simple fact of the action
imparted to the fluid by the motion of the ship when at
sea. A series of very interesting and important experi-
ments have, however been made, and are still in pro-
gress, on board the Illustrious, 72, Captain Yates, bear-
ing the flag of Rear-Admiral Prescott, C. 8., in this har-
bour, by Mr. Cross, with the view of impartintr, at the
the moment of distillation the- oxygen of which the
water is deprived in the process, and giving to it that
briskness which is found in spring water. This is ef-
fected by passiog a proportionate current of electricity
through the particles of water by means of an extremely
simply and'self-acting apparatus. The results of the
experiments made have been highly satisfactory. The
only point to beedetertSitned is, whether any artificial
means, either chemical or mechanical, are required for
aerating distilled water on board ship, as it is found that
such water becomes sufficiently aerated in the course of
a few '.hours by the motion imparted to it by the ship;
but if the distilled water is required fur immediate use,
Mr. Cross's application produces the object desired most
effectually.
The Coast-guard instructors in gunnery, who have
been selected from the 25 districts (from Harwich to
PeDzlnce), and who have been hulked on board the
Menai frigate, under Commander Jerningham, have been
sent back to their stations, having, during a period of
five weeks, qualified themselves to instruct others; and
their general good conduct, attention, and proficiency,
have merited the approbation of the gunnery officers of
the Excellent. Five gun platforms are constructed in
this dockyard by the carpenters of revenue cruizsrs for
the districts of Lyme, Exmouth, Salcombe, Fowey, and
Penzance, and two more at Sheerness, for Harwich and
North Yarmouth. Instructions have been issued from
the Admiralty for the necessary ordnance and dockyard
stores to commence the instruction in the great gun ex-
ercise; and from the spirited manner in which the coast-
guard have taken to this important duty in 1847 and
1848, we may expect that atter this season the coast-
guard will prove a valuable, well-disciplined force for the
protection of our coast, either ashore or afloat.
Early yesterday morning, John Sylvester, sawyer,
whilst attending the circular saw in the wood mills in
the dockyard, sus:ainad some frightful injuries. His left
hand came in contact with the saw, and was so lacerated
that, on being carried to the surgery, it was found neces-
sary to amputate the greater part of the hand, an
operation which was most skilfully done by the medical
officers of the establishment.

The Castor, 36, Capt. Christopher Wyvill, called here
yesterday afternoon, on her way from Chatham to Ply-
mouth, at which latter place she will be paid advance
wages prior to her departure to the Cape of Good Hope
station. Sho remained only three hours at Spithead,
having called to take on board such packages, parcels,
and passengers as were waiting for her ultimate desti-
nation. She was throughout in tow of the Sampson
steam frigate.
Wind N.N.W., light breezes and fine weather.
PLYMOUTH, JUNE 15.—Her Majesty's brig Ranger
is ordered to be commissioned with a complement of
80 men.
Her Majesty's ship Queen, 110, is to be masted to-
morrow.
Her Majesty's frigate Spartan, 22, Capt. Symonds, is
to be paid off on Tuesday, the 19th inst.
The French Republican schooner Phcenix, Captain
Boring, sailed yesterday for Lisbon, with M. Barrot
(brother of M. Odilou Barrot), his lady, family, and
suite. M. Barrot has been appointed Minister at the
Court of Portugal from the French Government. His
lady, who, we believe, is the daughter of Admiral
Manley, has been staying at Elliott's Royal Hotel, Ply-
mouth, with her sister (Lady Rumbold) and friend (the
Hon. Mrs. Barrington), After the Phoenix has landed
Monsieur Barrot she will return to Cherburg. The
Phoenix is iron built, with a sharp bow and bluff round
stern; she registers about 360 tons, draws 10 to 11 feet,
and her engines—constructed by private manufacturers
at Havre—are of 200 horse-power. With the exception
of two small brass cylindrical pieces forward, her only
armament consists of an iron 32-pounder placed mid-
ships, right aft. To give play tor this weapon, the
ship's counter and taffrail bang somewhat over the hull;
and the rudder, case seems to be well sunk into the frame
of the vessel. The round rudder head is of small cir-
cumference; the tiller works in it under the main deck,
and the wheel is carried well forward. She is provided
on deck with three compasses, placed triangle-fashion
in front of the wheel, and having bars of soft iron,
sheathed in copper and brass, running fore and aft, and
right and left, so as to counteract the attraction of the
iron frame of the ship. At the foremast head is an iso-
lated compass, by which the otbera are examined and
corrected at stated intervals. She is schooner rigged,
her masts being very wide apart, and is propelled by
paddle wheels, the floats of which are perforated. Ac-
cording to a convention concluded under General Ca.
vaignac's Administration, the Phoenix carries three
lights by night—viz., green on the starboard paddle-
box, red to larboard, and white at the bow.
In consequence of the reported prevalence of cholera
at Yealm, a river distant eight miles to the eastward of
Plymouth, her Majesty's cutter Kite has been sent
from Hamoeze, and stationed at the entrance of that
river, to receive on board the men employed there in the
Preventive Service;
and the Admiralty have dispatched
Mr, Stephen Bowden, assistant•surgeon attached to the
Royal Naval Hospital, from that establishment to Yealm.
The parochial authorities have also engaged the tem-
porary services of a Plymouth surgeon. On the south
side of the estuary of the river Yeah) is the village of
Noss, and on the north side is Newton Ferrers; near the
bridge adjoining these villages is the hamlet of 13ridgend.
These three places, which are conjointly called Yealm,
are nearly united, and altogether contain a population of
2,060 persons. During the last three weeks upwards of
twenty have died of alleged cholera at Noss; but until
the present week the other places were not affected
by the disease. The low houses of Noss have a
northern aspect—they are thickly populated and badly
drained; pigs abound, heaps of manure prevail, and when
the tide falls the stench of the mud is nauseous. Until
lately, however, the inhabitants were healthy, no death,
it is said, having occurred there for 20 months; but there
is a legend that some 160 years ago all the inhabitants
of Noss, with the exception of seven persons, were swept
off by pestilence.
" The five cases under treatment on board the packet-
ship American Eagle are proceeding more or less favour-
ably:—(Signed) Francis Fox."

Wind S.W.
WOOLWICII, JUNE 16.—Rear-Admiral Dundas, C. 8.,
Captain the Hon. Fitzbardinge Berkeley, C. 8., Lord
John Hay, C. 8., and Mr. Parker, Secretary to the Ad-
miralty, arrived at Woolwich Dockyard shortly after
four o'clock P.M., on Friday, and went on board the
Grappler steam-vessel, Commander Lysaght, on her
return to Woolwich from the coast of Africa to be paid
off. Their Lordships remained about an hour and a half
on board, and witnessed the men go through their sword
and other exercises.
The Alecto steam-vessel, Commander Masingberd,
arrived at Woolwich today to be paid off: Commodore
Henry Eden went on board and inspected the ship's
company.

RihanDeiehoAna7thh
en the REIGATE
BIGt hA directorsTinEstffin
LETTING OF METROPOLITAN ROADS.—On Friday,
at noon, a meeting of the Commissioners of the Metro-
polis Turnpike Roads north of the Thames was held at
the office of the Commissioners, Whitehall-place, at
which there were present the lessees of roads from all
parts of the country, for the purpose of letting by auction,
for the term of one year, from the Ist day of July next,
the tolls payable on account of the several turnpike roads
north of the metropolis. The tolls were offered about a
month ago, when there were no bidders for them. The
Commissioners were the Earl of Londsdale (in the chair),
Mr. L. Jones, Mr. Carpenter, Mr. Mildred, Mr. Tre-
hearne, and Dr. Day. The following were the roads
put up, and we give the prices they fetched this and the
previous year:—the Kensington, Brentford, and Isle-
worth roads, 15,4301., last year, 15,5601.; the Tyburn
and Uxbridge roads, 9,0401., last year, 9,0001.; the Har-
row roads, 92a, last year, 9401.; the Kilturn and
Edgeware roads, 3,580/., last year, 3,3001.; the City-
road,
theoa d Green-lanes
wereand
not Lea-bridgeet,
last roads
year werethey
3,1601, las t a
n d year,s e
v3e,4nsOsti;6 t
et
rhse
roads,S Stamford-hill, fo9r,dl-2hoill l:
landlast
t
putye year,
rll;
fetchedp9 9,5801.; the
This year the above roads realised
41,2501., and the previous year, 41,8301.; while the
Commissioners have the Hackney and Lea•bridge roads
:ie t,m,lwelLhvnivvol
talpAteecYdro.
Waterloo
too
in their possession.
We
ee n
sdpaayrtaicsulliapr
odfaythteheemtir,aa
day," they have been compelled to postpone it, and can-
not
meri
estatee.
form-
ing this line took place, opposite the county gaol, and
part of a newly-erected archway was carried to the
Oonn Thursday
ground by the pressure of the earth. A little delay was
occasioned by the circumstance, but no person was in-
jured.—Berk.diire Chronicle.
THE ROYAL SOCIETY.—The President, the Earl of
Rosse, held his last soiree for the season at Somerset
House, on Saturday last. Some interesting models of
recent inventions and several scientific objects were
exhibited in the saloons. Amongst them were Alman's
patent electric light and a model of a new description of
a harbour of refuge after a design of Mr. W. H. Smith,
and several st,ecienens of home-grown flax, which
attracted attEntion. The number of visitors was unpre-.
cedently large, and amongst them were almost every-
body connected with scientific pursuits and literature
now in London, besides many noblemen and professional
I gentlemen, .
READING,t
ltnhdi risapnGodrUtealtihn Hackney
Ilittotl

MENAI STRAITS, SATURDAY EVENING.
The great operation of floating this stupendous struc-
ture, looked forward to with so much interest by the
scientific world, is now definitively fixed for Tuesday, at
the most favourable phase of tide and wind, either early
in the morning or at half-past five o'clock in the even-
ing. The calculations of the engineers engaged in the
transaction rather lean to the latter conclusion, although
the movement is altogether dependent on the state of
wind and weather. Extraordinary preparations are
being made for the spectacle, and thousands are expected
tsrberpresent at the launch of this great product of the
engtneering genius of the age. At Bangor, just by, there
is no`speies of accommodation to be had, every bed be-
ing occupied at a premium. On Monday or Tuesday Sir
R. Peel, who it is said will be present at the launch, is
expected at Bias Newydd, the seat of the Marquis of
Anglesey, who entertains a select circle of visitors. Lord
Vivian'', Hon. 0. Stanley, Sir R. Bulkeley, and other dis-
tinguished residents, are also to receive visitors of note.
Amongst those who have already arrived, and who are
expected to be present, are Mr. Brunel, the engineer ;
Mr. Locke, M.P.; Hon. Arthur Kinnaird, Alderman
Thompson. M.P.; Mr. R. D. Mangles, M.P.; Sir Charles
Douglas, M.P.; Mr. W. Jackson, M.P.; Mr. Vignolles,
C.E.; Mr. Errington, C.E.; Mr. Bidder, C.E.; Captain
Moorsona, R.N.; Mr. J. B. Boothby, Mr. J. Ledeam,
Mr. Bifiger, and several of the directors of the London
and North-Western Railway. At the present moment -
the coast alongside the Britannia-bridge presents all the
appearance of a huge encampment. 'There are upwards
of 1,000 persons employed in the preliminary prepara-
tions, including some 100 seamen from Liverpool, under
the command of Captain Claxton, who released the Great
Britain. Mr. Robert Stephenson, with his assistant,
Mr. Edwin Clark,- the engineer, has been down several
days past superintending the requisite arrangements.
Special trains for those who intend to be pre-
sent at the spectacle, are to be run from
various parts of the principality; return 'tickets,
first and second ellss available for two days,
are to be issued at all the stations to enable persons to be
present, and giving them the right of admission to a
spacious platform, already erected, on the top of one of
the tubes on the Carnarvonshire side of the straits, where
there will be seats for 3,000 or 4,000 people, and whence
a most admirable view may be commanded. Other
large stages are in course of erection, so that
the straits on either side will present a vast
amp.hitheatre of spectators. Extra trains are to leave
Bangor after the process of floating, all the arrange-
ments of which were completed this evening. There is a
fleet of steam. tugs in the channel. A special steamer is
to come over from Kingstown Harbour with visitors from
Ireland. Several officers connected with the Admiralty
and the • Railway Commissioners are expected. The
tackle to be employed in the process is of a stupendous
character. The tubes are to be transported from the
position they now occupy alongside the coast by eight
large pontoons, manned by 100 seamen, and they will be
gradually floated as the tide rises. At about an hour
and a half before high water, the current running at.
about four miles an hour, the tube on the pontoons will
be dragged out into the middle of the stream by twelve
powerful capstans and hawsers, the latter more than two
miles in length and four inches in diameter, reaching
from the pontoons at each end to the opposite shore. To
guide the tube into its place with the greatest possible
precision three large hawsers will be laid down the
stream, one end of them being made fast to the towers
between which the tube is intended to rest, and the
others to strong fixed points on the two shores. To
" coax" the monster more conveniently to his final rest-
ing place, a multitude of smaller ropes will be made use
of, each capstan being worked by 50 men. The most
difficult part of the operation will be when the tube
I shall have just reached the resting place towers, where
it has to be deposited on projecting shelves, and when
the tide becomes stationary, before turning,
.for 15
minutes.
As the construction and launching of these great
tubes is one of the most extraordinary mechanical and
engineering exploits of the day, and as the non-scientific
portion of the public have no very definite ideas respect-
ing them, it may not be out of out of place, as the result
ofa visit to the spot, to give a few leading particulars in
connexion with these novel and gigantic works of art.
The design of these tubular bridges had its origin from
the peculiar difficulties to be encountered and overcome
in carrying the Chester and Holyhead Railway over that
great arm of the sea known as the Menai Straits. These,
when taken in relation to the erection of the ordinary
form of bridge, such as the suspension and the span,
were found to be almost insuperable, owing to the diffi-
culties ot the site, the great extent of the stream, and
the height at which either would have to span the in-
tervening space, so as not to interfere with the vast na-
vigation—vessels of large size and in full sail continually
trading up and down—and at the same time to establish
adequate means of communication for the great mercan-
tile transport between London and Dublin, and which is
now delayed for upwards of an hoer on account of the
break that exists in the transit over the straits.
Originally it was intended permanently to appropriate
one side of Telford's celebrated • suspension-bridge,
which, with its light and beautiful tracery, spans the
straits about a mile below the site of its more massive
successor; but it soon became evident that so light a
fabric would not answer for heavy trains ; that the line
could never be considered complete, or commensurate
with the requirements of the public, unless carried by a
rigid instead of a flexible structure over the stream, and
the idea, moreover, of using the suspension-bridge was
altogether abandoned on an intimation from the Commis•
sioners of Woods and Forests that they objected to the
use of the suspension-bridge at all. Mr. Stephenson then
proposed an arched bridge, about a mile to the south or
Carnarvon side of Telford's suspension- bridge, on a site
admirably adapted for the purpose, there being a huge
rock in the centre of the straits rising above high water
mark, with sufficient base for the must ponderous pier.
It was determined, by the aid of this natural foundation,
to throw over a large iron bridge of two cast iron arches,
each of 450 feet span, or exactly 210 feet longer than the
large arch of Southwark-bridge, familiar to every reader,
and which, though only 240 feet, is the largest rigid
span hitherto attempted. The height of both these
arches was to be 100 feet at the crown, and the total cost
would have been 250,000/. Ultimately
.this design was
also abandoned, the Actreiralty insisting on a
height not merely of 100 feet at the crown of
the arch, but also close to the piers, con-
ceiving that the structure would otherwise interfere in-
juriously with the navigatium It was this that led to
the grand and untried design of the present rigid
wrought-iron tubular bridge, which Mr. Robert Ste-
phenson, after great thought and labour, assisted by Mr.
Fairbain, Mr. Ifodgkinsun, of the Royal Society; Mr.
Edwin Clark, the engineer of the works, gentlemen well
known for their-mathematical and scientific attainments,
matured. The entire length of the stupendous structure
is 1,841 feet from end to end, consisting of four large
sections, the two side tubes being each of them 230 feet
long, and the two middle ones 460 feet each. When
originally proposed before the Committee of the House
of Commons, the plan was received with general incre-
dulity. The word " tube," it may here be observed, is
not ono of the best epithets that could be used to describe
the structure; seeing that the bridge, instead of being
round, is a perfect square. Though almost a misnomer,
the name arises from the circumstance of the experiments
that were to decide the form of the bridge having been
made with cylindrical, elliptical, and rectangular tubes;
but in reality the structure, as it now rests on, the banks
of the Menai, the:site of its construction, is an immense
closed-in iron corridor, forming a horizontal iron gal-
lery or passage, within which the rails for the
trains are- to be placed, and 450 feet in length. It is
hollow from end to end, and would, if filled with shops,
and lighted by skylights, make a ,Burlington Arcade. A
structure of this kind, though on a rude and miniature
scale, appears to have existed for year," on the Cambridge
line of the Eastern Counties Railway, and Mr. Stephen-
son, the originator of it, amplifying upon this, designed
the present tube. A long series of experiments, by en-
gineers and mechanics tully conversant with such re-
searches, were made and have been continued to the
present time, directed to the ascertaining, divested of all
preconceived ideas, tho strongest form for a sheet-iron
tubular bridge, and the inquiry, in addition to the more
iminediete object it had in view, has been of immense
public service in determining the strength of the mate-
rials used in the formation of railways. These experi-
ments have been extremely laborious and very costly.
In the course of them the remarkable fact has been dis-
closed, that the power of wrought iron to resist compres-
sion is much less than its power to resist tension, or
exactly the reverse of that which holds with cast-iron;
and the important fact has also been arrived at, that
rigidity and strength are best obtained by throwing the
greatest thickness of material on the upper side. While
the cylindrical tube, with a given weight, was ruptured by
tearing asunder at the bottom, the elliptical showed weak-
ness at the top. Both were consequently discarded;
and the rectangular tube, which indicated strength of
a higher order and greater rapidity, was adopted. The
results of very recent experiments on this species of
structure, on a small scale over the Conway, are very
interesting, as confirming the accuracy. of the originalsieof
calculations. Measured by a eord line in the in
the tube, formed by the axis of a powerfultelescope
fixed to its side, the deflections have been, with a weight
of 52 tons, 0.48 inch; 112 tons, o'9B;_ 173 tons, 1.30;
235 tons, P 47; and, on the remoloal of these loads, the
minutes. The tube
tube has recovered its rigidity in
is constructed to bear,
ater than it will ever be
in sddition to its own weight,
2,000 tons, a load ten timleseg.
dreellection caused by trains
called upon to sustain.
and locomotives passing atil full speed is very slight. A
weight of 300 tons hasp
lreoduced a deflection of three
p,henomenon is connected
inches. A very remarkable p
1,600 tons, caused by
with this huge mass of.
aibron
which affect it
ure in the weather,
changes of temperature
like a thermometer. A little sunshine raises the centre
'
en inch, and produces a
horizontal deflection of an inch
and
and a half. Its great length, the nature of its
ve to temperature in the peculiar form
material, so sensitive
it takes, causing it to expand 0001 of its length, or
half en inch for each increase ot 15 degrees of Fahren-
• belt, and contracting in the same ratio, is the assigned
cause of its being such a delicate thermometer. Alter-
nate sunshine and showers of rain cause these tubes to
expand and contract, and one of them, if placed on end
in St. Paul's Churchyard, would be 107 feet higher than

On Friday last there were presented to both Houses
of Parliament copies of a correspondence es hich has
passed between Viscount Palmerston, the Marquis of
Normanby, and the Prince Casteleicala, relative to the
affairs of Rome.
The first in the series is an extract from a note of Vis-
count Palmerston to the Marquis of Normanby, dated
the sth of January, 1849. It expresses his Lordship's
desire that the Pepe, from the great influence exercised
by him in his spiritual capacity, should occupy an inde-
pendent position as a temporal prince, so as to avoid his
becoming the political instrument of any one European
power to the annoyance of the rent. He qualifies this
wish, however, by the difficulty of making the Roman
States an exception to the general principle of non-inter-
ference between any foreign people and their Sovereign.
The Pope, he points out, differs in his position from
other Princes, as not being Pope by hereditary right,
but by the election of the College of Cardinals, a body
which is national neither in its constitution nor ite mem-
bership. The extract concludes with drawing two infe-
rences—first, that the Pope ought to give his subjects
the securities for good government; and second, that
armed intervention to assist him in maintaining a bad go-
•vernment would be unjustifiable.
The second in the series is an extract of a note from
Viscount Palmerston to the Marquis of Normanby, dated
28th of January, 1849, and is as follows:
. __

" No. 2.

" VISCOUNT PALMERSTON TO THE MARQUIS OF
NORMANDY.

" With regard to the proposal made by Austria to
France for a combined military action by Austria,
France, and Naples, for the purpose of re-establishing
the Pope in the Roman States, your Excellenq will say
chat her Majesty'. Government concur with the Govern-
ment of France in viewing with much regret this an-
nouncement of the wishes and intentions of the Austrian
Government. Her Majesty's Government do not pre-
tend to pass judgment in respect to those differences
between the Pope and his Ful jects which led to the re-
tirement of the Pope to Gaeta; Lut her Msjesty's Go-
vernment would upon every account, and not only upon
abstract principle, but with reference to the general in-
terests of Europe, and from the value which they at-
tach to the maintenance of peace, sincerely deprecate
any attempt to settle the differences between the Pope
and his su,jects by the military interference of foreign
Powers.

"It appears to her Majesty's Government, as at pre-
sent informed, that those differences are not of such a
nature, as to preclude the hope that they might be ac-
com,nodated by the diplomatic interposition of friendly
powers, and it is needless to observe how much better
such a mode of settlement would be than an authorita-

tive imposition of terms by the force of foreign arms,
" With respect to the attitude which Great Britain
would in any case assume in regard to these affairs, your
Excellency will say that the attitude of this country
would be that of observation, and that Great Britain
could take no part in such matters beyond expressing,
if it should appear to be necessary, the opinion which
her Majesty's Government might entertain thereupon.
" These affairs, however important in their bearing
upon the general interests of Europe, do not imme-
diately affect any direct interests of Great Britain;
and whatever turn therefore these affairs may
take, her Majesty's Government do not foresee
that it is likely that the course of these
events would afford to the British Government any
just reason for departing from that passive and ob-
servant attitude which the position of Great Britain in
regard to these affairs seems naturally to point out."
The third note in the series is from the Prince Castel.•
cicala to Viscount Palmerston, and is dated London, the
2d of February, 1849. It states the proposal of the
Spanish Government for a Congress of Catholic Powers
at Naples to regulate the questions at issue in the Roman
States, and it formally demands the participation of Eng-
land, Russia, and Prussia therein.

The fourth note in the correspondence is the reply of
Viscount Palmerston to Prince Castelcicala, and is dated
the 10th of February, 1849. It states that the British
Government had not received any specific application on
the subject of the proposed Congress at Naples from the
Pope, and that until such an application had been made,
it was unable-TO say what steps it might think expedient
to take in the matter.

The fifth in the correspondence is an extract of a letter

from Viscount Palmerston to the Marquis of Normauby,
dated the 9th of March, 1849. It is as follows:

No. 5.

" VISCOUNT PALMERSTON TO THE MARQUIS Ok'

NORMANBY.

" Although Great Britain has not so direct an interest
as France has in the ecclesiastical and political questions
which arise out of the present relations between the
Pope and the people of the Roman States, the British
Government, nevertheless, cannot view those matters
with indifference. Great Britain• is, indeed, a Pro-
testant State, but her Majesty has many millions
of Catholic subjects ; and the British Government
must therefore be desirous, with a view to British in-
terests, that the Pope should be placed in such a tem-
poral position as to be able to act with entire independ-
ence in the exercise of his spiritual functions. Great
Britain is so far distant from Italy that the political
events of the Italian Peninsula cannot have the same
direct bearing upon British interests which those events
mutt exert upon the interests of nearer States; but still
as those events must always have a powerful influence
upon matters involving questions of peace or war in
Europe, the British Government must necessarily watch
those events with much attention and anxiety.
" The present condition of the relations between the
Pope and the people of his States has therefore been
looked at with deep solicitude by her Majesty's Govern-
ment. It would have been the earnest wish of her
Majesty's Government, both on general principles and
with reference to the particular circumstances of the
caso, that the differences between the Pope and his sub-
jects should have been adjusted by negotiation, either
between the Pope and his subjects directly, or by means
of the interposition of friendly Powers. A direct nego-
tiation between the Poue and his subjects seems now to
have been rendered impossible by the course of events
at Rome, and by the tendency of those counsels which
there is reason to think are suggested to the Pope by
the persons who surround him at Gaeta. But her Ma-

jesty's Government do not see even in the recent occur-
rences at Rome any reason for giving up the hope that the
diplomatic interposition of friendly Powers might still,
without any actual employment of military force, bring
about such settlement of differences as would enable the
Pope to return to Rome and to resume his temporal
authority; and her Majesty's Government, deprecating
as they do, on principle, the employment of a foreign
military force to settle internal dissensions in a state
except in extreme and peculiar cases, would greatly re-
joice if the Powers to whom the Pope has now appealed
for assistance to extricate himself from his difficulties, '
were to try the effect of their moral influence at Rome,
before they resorted to any more active measures.
" It seems to her Majesty's Government that a strong
and unanimous manifestation of the opinion of those
Powers in support of order on the, one hand, and of con-
stitutional rights on the other, would bring to reason the
minority who now exercise paramout authority at Rome,
and would give courage and confidence to the majority
who have been hitherto intimidated and overborne; and
if Great Britian had been invited to be a party to these
negotiations, and if an invitation to that effect had been
accepted, such would have been the coarse which her
Majesty's Government would have recommended that
the parties to the transaction should pursue.
Her Majesty's Government have learnt with much
pleasure that France has been included in the invitation
addressed by the Pope to some of the Catholic Powers,
requesting them to take an active interest in the present
condition of his affairs; and her Majesty's Government
hope that if there is to be a concert among any of the
Powers of Europe in regard to those affairs, the French
Government will not decline the invitation to be a party
thereto. There are many very obvious reasons why in
it would
obfewditehsoiruatbtlheetphaarttitchipease.
sev
mattersshoulderalpoint s o f t
voite wb
e
of France.
" Your Excellency says that the French Government
would have preferred that Sardinia should have been in-
vited to take part in these deliberations. Her Majesty's
Government are entirely of the same opinion.
" The participation of Sardinia would mitigate the
foreign character of the negotiation, and if a contingency
were to arise which should lead to the employment_iedni onof
-
any military force within the Roman territory,
rbe better
tese troops would, for many evidenf reasons, be better
suited for such purpose than the troops of Austria
or
of
any State not belonging to the Italian peninsula.
The opinion, then, of her Majesty's Government of France
points on which the Government
upon the
has wished to have it, is that it would be desirable that
France should be a party to the proposed
deliberations,
and that Sardinia should take i part in them also ;
v
that it would be desirable that every er.dea our should
be made to bring about a settlement between the Pope
and his subjects by negotiation and
by moral influence
before resorting employment of force •to the , and that
one condition of the reinstatement of the Pope ought to
be that he should engage to maintain in their main and
essential provisions the constitutional and represen-
tative institutions which he granted to his subjects last
year."
The sixth note in the correspondence is from thepar-
quis of Normauby to Viscount Palmerston, enclosing the
copy of a note received by him from the Apostolic Nun-
do, which note enclosed one addressed by the Cardinal
Antonelli to the representatives of all friendly Powers,
requesting them to co-operate for the re-establishment
of the Papal authority at Rome. These enclosed notes
are both included in the correspondence, and explain at
length the grounds upon which the application to friendly
Powers was made.

The correspondence closes with the following note:—
" VISCOUNT PALMERSTON TO THE MARQUIS OF NORMANRY.
"Foreign-office, March 27, 1849.
" My Lord,—l have received your Excellency's dis-
patch of the Bth instant, transmitting to me the copy of
a note which your Excellency had received from the
Apostolic Nuncio, inclosiug the copy of the note which
has been addressed by Cardinal Antonelli to the repro

sentatives of all friendly Powers, requesting them to co-
operate for the purpose of re-establishing the Papa
authority at Rome.
I have to instruct your Excellency to say to the
Nuncio that her Majesty's Government have received
and have attentively considered the conimunicationwhich
.4"has made to them through your Excellency, and that
S are instructed to express to him the deep regret
with which her Majesty's Government have witnessed
the differences which have arisen between the Pope and
his subjects, the assassination of Count Rossi, the depar-
ture of the Pope from his capital and states, and the pro-
clamation of a Republic at Rome.
" The British Government is, for many- obtious
reasons, not desirous of taking an active part in any
negotiations which may result from the appli-
cation which the Pope has addressed to some
of the Catholic Powers of Europe, whose terri-
tories are nearer than Great Britain in geographical
proximity to the Italian peninsula. But the British Go-
vernment will be much gratified if the result of those
negotiations should be such a reconciliation between
the Pope and his subjects as might enable the former
with the free goodwill and consent of the latter to re-
turn to his capital, and there to resume his spiritual
functions and his temporal authority. But it is the
opinion of her Majesty's government that such a recon-
ciliation could searcely be effected, or if effected for the
moment could never be permanent, unless the basis upon
which it was founded were to be that the Pope should
engage to maintain the constitutional and representative
system of government which he granted last year to his
subjects, anc unless the separation between the spiritual
authority and the temporal powers and institutions of the
State were so clearly and so distinctly established as to
put an end to those manifold grievances which the mix-
ture of the spiritual with the temporal pow er has for so
long a period of time produced in the Roman States.
The great importance or admitting lay men to adminis-
trative and judicial fuLctions in the Roman States was
pointed out to the late Pope by the memorandum pre-
sented in 1832 to the Roman Government by the repre-
, sentatives of Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia,
inimp theo rest
that such important
and Russia, and the events which have happened since
ofthEuropet time,
a e n'ohr‘av; reform ri m. Y
tendedi
should ot hut; h Rmoeamkaeni t
carried States,still
morebu t
ut into full and
complete execution.
" Your Excellency will give the Nuncio a copy of this
dispatch, "I am, &c. •
",PALMERSToN."

HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.
MADAME DULCKEN'S CONCERT.

The grandest musical reunion of the season took place
on Friday, for the benefit of Madame Dulektn. The
whole of the opera company, both vocalists and
orchestra, were engaged, to which were added tho
leading members of the German troupe, with the
super-addition of Jetty de Treffz, Signor Manus,
Schuihoff the pianist, and M. de Kontski, the re-
nowned violinist. Madame Dulcken played some of the
finest works of the classical and bravoura writers fur the
pianoforte, with all the certainty, brilliancy, and intel-
lectual appreciation of the various schools of pianism for
which she is so justly celebrated. Her reception was
enthusiastic, and the applause that followed her execu-
tion of the several pieces was as fervent us merited.
The novel feature of the concert was, however, the
re-appearance in this country of M. de Kontaki, who,
in the achievement of marvels, stands alone, and cer-
tainly, since the advent of Paganini, no artist has been
heard who has so nearly approached the great mas-
ter. The solos he pertormed are of his own com-
position. He played thrice, and upon each occasion
elicited genuine admiration and wonder. His tone is
fail and silvery, and his execution of double and triple
chords, and the certainty and hugeness of his harmonics
have assuredly never been surpassed. His legato is firm
and sustained, and his staccato passages are clear and
articulate beyond precedent. M. de Kontski may be pro-
nounced one of the musical marvels of the day.

JULLIEN'S CONCERT MONSTRE.
The second of M. Jullien's monster concerts was given
on Friday at Exeter Hall. The second and third parts
consisted mainly of a repetition of the Desert and the
selections from the .Huguenots which were given at the
first concert. The first part presented a stimulating
novelty. M. Jullien had announced that he-would pro-
duce a fantasia founded on some of the chief airs of
Meyerbeer's Prophete, never performed in this country.
This led to a counter-advertisement from the Directors
of the Royal Italian Opera, to the effect that as they had
secured the copyright of the music of the opera, no
other person could have any right to perform the music
here. Not pretending to know the secrets of these mat-
ters, we cannot say what effect this caveat had on the in-
domitable Jullien. But he certainly kept his word with
the audience, giving them, in the style of some former
achievements of a similar kind, his "fantasia and
selection," which went off with great éclat. Beyond
a natural curiosity to hear the airs of this much-
talked-of production, the performance in a musical point
of view had no very great interest, because this kind of
selection affords no means by which a judgment can be
formed of the general scope and spirit of a work like the
Prophele. The grand chorus, " Iterum ad salutares
undas," will no doubt produce a fine effect when its
massive harmonies are aided by the impressiveness of
dramatic situation and accessories. Anna Thillon sang
the " Ta pauvre rce7e" with her usual skill and graceful
facility. A duet, given by Thillon and Madlle. Nau, was
much applauded; and the " Marche de couronnement"
and the " Domine Salvum" will prove highly attractive.
One of the most original and characteristic airs in the
whole is " Valse des Patineurs," or Skaters' Waltz.

The rest of the first part comprised vocal and instru-
mental performances of a high order. Jetty Treflz gave
the "Vedrai carino" with purity and in exquisite taste.
Haiti played Weber's Concert Stuck ; and Vivier ap-
peared for the first time this season here. He was rap-
turously encored in his solo en the horn. Ernst gave his
favourite " Airs llongrois" on the violin; and Pischeck
sang a romanzl,' by Lindpainner, intended as a compa-
nion to " The Standard-bearer" but by no means equal
to that song. On the whole, the concert went off ex-
tremely well. The high quality of the talent engaged
produced no weariness, although the programme was,
as usual, a " monster."

HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.—His Royal Highness
Prince Leopold of Naples (Count of Syracuse) attended
by the Chevalier Colonno, honoured the performance at
her Majesty's Theatre on Saturday evening with their
presence. The Queen's bex was occupied by the Countess
of Desert, the Hon. Miss Cavendish, Lord Camoys, Lord
and Lady Brackley, and Colonel Bouverie. Her Majesty
the Queen Adelaide's box was occupied by the Vis-
countess 'Glentworth, Captain Bailey, Mr. Henry Bailey,
and the Hon. William and Mrs. Ashley. Among the
visitors were his Glace the Duke of Wellington and
Lady Charles Wellesley, the Duchess of Beaufort and
the Ladies Somerset, the Duchess of Leeds and Miss
Lane Fox, the Duke and Duchess of Cleveland, and
Lady Augusta Paula, the Countess of Montrose, his
Excellency the Russian Minister, the Baroness Brunnow,
and Mdlle. Olga de Leehner ,• his Excellency the Swedish
Minister, his Excellency the Neapolitan Minister, his
Excellency the Danish Minister, the Countess Reventlow,
and the Countesses Hilda and Melville de Reventlow;
the Chargé d'Affaires of France and Madame Monsberot;
his Excellency the Netherlands Minister; the Marquis of
Clanricarde, the Dlarquis of Huntley, the Marquis and
Marchioness of Salisbury, the Marchioness of Douro,
the Marquis and Marchioness of Sligo, and the Ladies
Brunnow ;the Marquis of Granby,',the Earl of Falmouth,
the Countess of Glengall, the Earl and Countess of
Wilton and party, the Countess of Warrington and Lady
Stanhope, the Earl Bruce, the Earl of Lonsdale, the
Earl of Pembroke, the Earl of Cawdor, the Earl of
Grenville, the Countess de Muirmont, the Viscount
Ranelagh, Viscount Clifden, the Viscount Evelyn, ths
Viscount Anson, &c.
ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN.—Her
Majesty's box was occupied on Saturday evening by
Viscountess Emlyn, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. G. E. Anson.
Among the visitors were his Excellency the Sardinian
Minisier, the Marquis of Drogheda, the Marchioness of
Westmeath, and the Hon. Mrs. H. Murray, the Earl and
Countess Beetive and Lady Olivia Taylor, the Earl of
Cardigan, the Earl of Durnam, the Earl of Belfast, the
Earl of Besborough, the Earl of Munster, Count
D'Alton, Lady Trimlestown and Mrs. Lyon Campbell,
Lady Frances Higginson, Viscount Mandeville, Viscount
Exmouth, Viscount Sidney, Lord George Manners,
Lord Ernest Bruce, Lord and Lady Frances Gordon and
Mrs. Ashworth, Lord Foley and the Hon. Misses Foley,
Lady and the Misses Gurney, Lady Howard de Walden
and Miss Ellis, Lord Templemore, Lady Leeson, Lady
Sykes, Sir Samuel Spry, Lady Morgan, Sir F. Booth,
Bart., Sir Jobn and Miss Burgoyne, Lady Jodrell, Sir
C. Marshall, Sir George Armytage, &c.
ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.—Mr. Mitchell gave on
Saturday one of his miscellaneous morning performances
for the amusement of the Royal children. A. selection
from Fra Diavolo, sung by the French operatic vocalists,
two national airs by the Hungarian singers, a minuet by
Nlesdemoiselles Rosati and M. Teglioni, a divertissement
by n juvenile corps de ballet, and some feats by Auriol
and his son composed the entertainment. The Queen
and the Duchess of Kent, with the Prince of Wales,
the Princess Royal, Princess Alice, and Prince Alfred
honoured the theatre with their presence. The house
was filled with the children of the nobility, who, as well
as the Royal visitors, seemed highly delighted with the
performances, especially the exploits of Auriol.
BIRMINGHAM MUSICAL FESTIVAL.--BIRMINGHAM,
SATURDAY.—The morning performances at the ensuing
triennial festival in Birmingham are nearly, if not en-
tirely settled. On Tuesday Mendelssohn s Elijah will
be given. On Wednesday the same composer's 1, ries of
Recine's tragedy of ilthalie, the
explanatory text being
declaimed. On Thursday Handel's' Messiah, and on
Friday Handel's Israel in Egypt. ,Among the vocalists
understood to he engaged are Mdlle. Jetty Treilz,
Madame Castellan, the Misses Williams, Mr. Sims
Reeves, Signor Mario, Signor Lallache, and Mr. Machin.
The orchestra will be larger by seventy persons than on
any former occasion. The whole will be under the
direction of Costa.

THE POET LAUREATE.—We have received a com-
munication from a friend of the Poet Laureate's, from
which the following is an extract:—" Mr. Wordsworth
was not at the Queen's ball. He has attended no such
gaieties since the decease of his only daughter, Mrs.
Qt!tillican, nearly two years ago. The mistake (as to
Mr. Wordsworth's being present at the ball) probably
arose from his name having- been gives in the news-
papers in the list .of persons invited. The sonnet on
Miss Sellon (of the Sisters of Mercy in Exeter), though
ascribed to Mr. Wordsworth, was not written by him,
but by Mr. Quiliinan." The venerable poet, we under-
stand, is now at Mulvern—we trust in the enjoyment of
health. His old age is one of ease and dignity, and
every lover of genius must with to see it long protracted,
free from pain, while fresh honours gather round his
name and brighten the closing scene.—lnverness-Costrier.
THE air CEor.—Mowing has commenced near
Nottingham. The crops are heavier than have born
" known fa very inPY 7940.--Il'ottinyhatn Journal.