The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-06 00:00:00

the papers so published on each such days, signed by
the printer or publisher thereof in his handwriting,
with his name or place of abode under a penalty of
100/. in every case of neglect, and it was enacted

1‘ "

brain oppressed with the burden and heat of the cares '
of the day, seeks, and haply finds, solace and refresh-
ment in the pure delights of menial improvement.
GOD speed all such undertakings, say we. They have
for their
_object the elevation of the people by the
diffusion among them of the privileges and pleasures 1
of knowledge. Whether it be the Ragged School,
which puts a horn book into the hands of
the heathen children of a Christian country,
or the Mechanics' Institute, which places the literary
facilitieS of the rich within the reach of the lowly,
the object they have in view is one which we, in
common with all true lovers of the people, have
deeply at heart—an object which is, above all others,
worthy of the disciples of Him who characterised
Ills Gospel as "preached unto the poor." The ele-
vation of the people is, and should be, the grand
ambition of every individual unit worthy of being
' numbered among " the people ;" and how is that
elevation to be effected save by the u niversal
diffusion of knowledge? Considering these thing.,
such meetings as the one recently held at Leeds,
become invested with especial interest—an inte-
rest wholly independent of the individual circum-
stances of the assembly, or of the eloquent harangues
then and there delivered. These latter attractions
were, however, not wanting to the festival, which
boasted the presidentship of Lord ManoN, and the
presence of Mr. MILNES and Mr. Roenuca. The
speech of the Chairman was in every rely ct worthy
of the historical erudition and polished refinement of
the biographer and descendant of Lord CUESTERFIELD,
Mr. MONCKTON DIILnES spoke as a poet and a
politician ; but perhaps the most interesting speech of
the evening was that of Mr. ROEBUCK. Rarely have
the sarcastic powers of the Member fur Sheffield
been more happily exhibited than when at the com•
mencement of his discourse he described himself as
"'a plain working man," an observation which seemed
to say, let no working man be ashamed of his calling,
for all whose respect is worth having are themselves
working men. And in so saying, Mr. ROE-
nucK spoke no less truly than effectively. The
spirit which had given rise to such institu-
tions, the voluntary efforts after self-improvement on
the part of the people, the same srealser rightly de-
signated as a distinguishing mark of the present
times. But, however much such establishments may
demonstrate the anxiety of the people to educate
themselves, it would be a grievous misapplication of
their meaning to inter from thence that the people
are to be entirely left to their own resources in that
particular. True, nature may have gifted them with
capacity for imbibing truth, and some of them may
even thirst after its possession, but the well of know-
ledge is deep, and they, in their helplessness, have
nothing to draw withal. How, then, shall we
advocate the voluntary principle ? Let us encourage
that principle by all means ; but let us first be
careful to enable/ it to be duly exercised. Let us
give to the ignorant the key of the temple of
knowledge, and then they may voluntarily enter in
and abide there. Then, indeed, we may enjoy that
equality which " the plain working man " who repre•
senta the borough of Sheffield so beautifully and
truthfully described when heaid—
'• I Want us all, in whatever sphere, to be hippy- and
virtuous. Knowledge makes so; and it is for that I
wishto acquire knowledge. I have no care whether or
not it ilightens an) 6,dy that the v- ople should be
learned. I have seen states—we kin,w them, my Lord
—in which there are classes who are forbidden to learn.
In this country, centuries back, we were like this; bat
we have outgrown these things—we hive forgetton them
—and are all on a perfect level as to the acquirement of
knowledge ; and no class can be distinguished from
another by the mere acquirement of science or literature.
We are all alike; and, as in social lite, tho peculiar ad-
vantages of scientific knowledge are placed within the
reach of all, so far as knowledge is concerned, each is
placed upon an equality with every o her man; and that
to my mind appears the true equali:y and the true fra-
ternity which philosophers desire; and which do not
mean tho,e fanciful notions which are chewhere held.
True equality is that of a man standing by himself alone,
his knowledge acquired by his own m,nins, and having
that supremacy above the lower animals to which man
was destined—that supremacy of knowledge which leads
to virtue, without which we cannot he harpy. It is for
this, then, that I look so favourably on an institution
like this ; it makes us all, my Lord, entertain right
notions of true equality ; it teaches us to have these
sympathies which nature intended, and which you have
always felt vehemently; it makes us Ell understand each
other as Iris men; it is the bond of knowledge that is
the tie which shall unite us to each other."
TtYair p--e7u7,1) of f,Ts the speakers are well
w o -
found practically useful to students of high and low
degree; and altogether the proceedings of the assem-
bly afforded another happy indication of the times we
live in. " You have a right to be proud of being
Englishmen," said the Noble Chairman of the Leeds
mechanics, and well might his hearers respond to the
exclamation, if they called to mind the fact, that
while the nobles and senators of England were thus
personally assisting in the di-fusion of knowledge
among all classes, in Vienna a decree had just been
i-sued forbidding the publication of any work unless
the manuscript had been inspected by the military
Government. Which of these two courses is the most
politic time will demonstrate, if it is not already de-
monstrated.

11-4-IPUI'S hi"

We have rec".!ivecl the Paris journal; of ye3tt,nlay.
The PRE:.)) Elil''S Message to the Assembly,
announcing the of the &unit 2,linistry,

that
"In case any person -or persons shall make appli-
cation to the Coultnissioners or such officer, in order that
such new-piper or other piper, so signed by the printer
or publisher, may be produced in evidence in any pro
ce,eding, civil or criminal, the said Commissioners, or
such offiver shall, at the expense of the pnrty applyinfz,
fit any time tvitiin two years from the publication he
reoftref
either cause the same to he produced in the c n
which the same is required to be produced, and at the
time when the same is required to be produced. or shall
deliver the same to the p trty applsin..s for it. taking, ac-
cording to their discretion, reasonable s•:eurity, at his
expense, for the returning the same to the said Commis-
sioners or such officer."
Here, then, the time is plainly and distinctly indi.
cated within which any proceeding, whether, civil
or criminal, should be instituted by a Par•
liament which certainly could not be accused o
unduly favouring the liberty of the press. The mos'
stringent laws had been passed, the fullest responsi,
bility was ensured ; but if the complaining party
slumbered on his grievances for more than two years,
no assistance should be afforded. The evil could not
be very great if he could submit to the i:nputation
for such a time, and it would manifestly be wrong to
c ill upon an editor to answer fur his publications
when the opportunity of offering a justification, and
proving their truth and accuracy, had passed away.
We have never even heard until the present case of
an action being commenced after the appointed time.
How, then, was it possible for the ex• Duke to bring
the alleged libel of the 19th September, 1830, under
the notice of the Court, or to claim damages in respect

was cornaTunivated tki the departments by telegraph.
It has been e,Terywk,ere received, not only without

excitement, but iU many instances with sl.rong ex

Presions of appro val. Those of 11-1 Paris joUrna.ls
which were at first loudest in their censures, now

consent to calr.Aly argue the question as to whether
or no the PIU,SIDENT has, by dismissing his Ministry,
exceeded tl'.e powers confided to him by the Constitu-
tion, and they almost unanimously admit that he has
not done so. Even the Journal des Debots admits
that in ucting as he has done, the PRESIDENT has
merely performed a legal act. It says—
" Under she Monarchy of July the King, Louis
Philippe, was accused of personel interference in the
government. We have often met this reproach with the
reply tha;; it vas td3surd to exclude from all put in the
goverrimetat the party most interested in its manage-
ment, and that the fiction of irresponsinility ought not to
be pushed. to the extra-me of renderin the King power
Nlittnt us-•d then to be our a'dversaries r,tort?
Very welt"! if you wish that the King should govern,
make him x..spussible. Events have proved that, in point
of fact, whatever the theory might be, the libig was re-
sponsible, and it was on him, and not on his ministers,
that p polar injustice was wreaked. The Republic
eagerly hastecrd to make its President responsible. kITe
thought, Heaven forgive us, that then there would be a
perpetuti hold upon him, and that the more he would be
kept under, the more responsible he would be. It hat
just turned out the contrary, as, indeed, might have been
expected. It is by virtue of his rumonsibility the Presi-
dent claims independence, and forces his own policy on
the Assembly ; it is by virtue of such responsibility he
names such miabters as suit him, without troubling him-
seif about the tastes of the majority. The President

GERMANY

AND

has, then-fure, performed a legal act in changing his

ministry."
The National, which may be considered an excel-
lent authority on constitutional questions, seeing that
the Constitution was mainly the work of those who
lave been for years connected with that journal, has
the following, on the authority confiled by the Consti-
tution to the PRESIDENT of the Republic :
" The President (it says) cannot follow a line of policy
opposed to that of the Assembly, Tne Assembly makes
the law; the President promulgates and executes it. He
has no veto; he can only (Limed a fresh discussion; and
if the Assembly persists in its resolution he must give
way. He may pardon individuals, but the Assembly
alone can grant an amnesty. So much for the interior.
With regard to foreign affairs his power is not more
extensive. lie cannot make peace or war without the
consent of the Assembly. No treaty negotiated by him
is deficit° until ratified by the Assembly—such are the
limits of his authority. Does it folloA, however, that he
must share the b eatirn,:nti and blindly follow the tenden-
cies of the Assentb‘? Not at all The 58th article of
the Constitution, anticipating ea,es of differeece, allows
him to retain his opinion, but obliges him to yield to and
obey the will of the m tjot ity, legally expressed. Should
a disagreement of opinioo take place between the two
powers, the moment will come when the country shall
be called on to judge between them, and that moment is
the general cicction."
The immediate cause of the dismissal of the Barrot
Ministry Is stated to have been the discovery by the
PRESIDENT of a plot on the part of the Legitimatists
(concocted at Frohsdort ) for the purpose of bringing
about a counter-revolution, and the immediate restora-
tion of REMIT V. as Absolute King. An attempt
was made on Tuesday last, by some officers, to create
an enzeute in the Rue St. Antoine by shouting " Vice
HENRI V.," "A bas le PRESIDENT ;" the populace,
however, instead of joining them, arrested and gave
them into custody. The Ministry, it appears, whose
Legitimatist propensities were more than suspected,
enth-avoured to treat the affair as a matter of no con-
sequence, whereupon the, PRESIDENT, who had. accu
rate iofermation, on the subject of the -conspiracy,
dismissed thein.
The PRESIDENT reviewed a large holy of cavalry
on Sunday at Versailles. His reception was most
enthusiastic. The soldiers hailed him with sponta-
neous cries of " Vice Naror4oN." It was remarked
that the people, broken into groups, discussed with
great animalion the events of the day, and seemed to
be under the impression that matters would not rest
where they were. The fe ling towards the PRESI-
DENT seemed to be of the most friendly character.
The aspeot of the army and the people at Versailles
has been much talked about. Tne PRESIDENT was
accompanied by General Fox, the Earl of CARDIGAN,
and the Belgian Minister of \Var.
A Cabinet Council was held on Sunday evening,
for the purpose of considering the dispatches which
had been received from General LAMORICIERE on the
subject of the Russo-Turkish question. The Rus-
sian Minister had, it appears, introduced certain
covert threats in his note, and the PRESIDENT, always
alive to the honour of France, proposed that France
should assume at once an imposing attitude. He was,
however, opposed by the Minister of Finance, the
Jew banker, M. FUMED, who urged submission to
the behests of Russia, aqutpl-Todlic-e - 73 financial crisis,
MtMIY %Kim tie° iiiineus to the tnoneved interest.
We cannot believe that the French PRESIDENT and

thereof?
It appears that the Duke had for some time
been subjected to a series of most improper and
uejustifidble attacks on his private conduct, which
were contained in journals of a very di&rent cha-
r:.cter indeed from that which has ever been main-
taleed by the Dispatch. He had instituted numerous
proceedings, civil as well as criminal, against the
parties concerned in these objectionable publications.
Heavy, almost vindictive damages, were returned, and
some parties had also been sentenced to long terms of
imprisonment. The Dispatch had, however, nothing
in common with these journals, and although certain
articles were published in the years 1847 and 1848,
we believe that these publications could not have justi-
fied an adverse verdict against the respected proprietor
of the Dispatch, unless taken in connexion with, and
viewed through the medium of the article of 1830,
from which, if ever responsible, he was long since
exonerated by the
.Statute of Limitations. Under
these circumstances, it became the great object
of the Duke to obtain a republication of
the paper of the 19th September, 1830. For
this purpose, according to his own showing, he
procured a person calling himself Captain RENNAULT,
who stated that he was a teacher of languages, but
' who is said to be "now studying hat-making in the
borough," to go to the offi.;e of the Dispatch and to
apply for a copy of the paper in question. Captain
RBNNAULT declared that on his first visit, some time
previous to the 14th March, 1849, he was requested
to call on the following day, and that he subsequently
procured a copy from a person at the office, for which
he paid. Thi'e sale was held to constitute a republical
tion of the alleged libel. The paper of the 191 h
September, 1830, was submitted to the jury, and, as
1 we have already stated, a verdict was returned for the
plaintiff with 5001. damages.
Various questions both of law and fact arose
thereon, on which a new trial was applied for on the
2 1 instant, the very first day on which it was pos-
sible for the defendant to take such a step.
It was totally denied that any such sale
or republication as alleged by the " gallant
het-maker" had ever taken place. The affidavits of
two unimpeachable witnesses who had been engaged
in the Dispatch office were produced to show that no
paper of the date in question could possibly have
been sold in the office between 1841 and November,
1848, without their knowledge, as they were the only
Persons who had had charge of the papers since 1840,
and they also stated that no paper of the kind was at
the office. This testimony would alone be sufficient
to cast considerable doubt on the evidence of the
, JAVAllYetrifi'gir`ioro;;:sti:l77il,l7pFaer‘:cTATirrfs, weT.7.
I named EASON applied in 1848 to a newsvender named
1 PLUMMER, who had previously procured for him
various copies of the Satirist and Dispatch, to obtain
for him a copy of the paper of the 19th September,
1830, for which he offered is., 55., and ultimately no
less than Si. After much inquiry, PLUMMER discovered
a person who had a file of the Dispatch for 1830,
but who refused to sell a single paper. He, however,
was willing to sell the entire for 31, which sum was
phi by Mr. DADDY, the secretary to the Duke of
Baueswick, who thereupon received the papers about
the latter end of July or August, 1848. it will be
in the recollection of our readers that two papers only
were produced on the trial—one, which had been
obtained from the British Museum; the other, that
which the hat-maker swore he purchased previous to
the 14th of March, 1848, at the office of the Dispatch,
and which constituted the republication on which
alone the act:.on could be maintained. Under such
circumstances it was pertinently asked by Sir FRE-
DERICK TIIESIGER, "for what earthly reason the
Duke, when in possession of this important paper
before the 14th of March, could, through his secretary,
be offering so large a sum as 51. for a single
paper in the July or August following ?" It
does not appear very difficult to arrive at
the true solution of the problem. On this ground the
rule nisi was granted, and we are gratified to think
that the matter will be subjected to that strict and
searching investigation it requires, so that the truth,
the whole truth, and nothing but the truth may
eventually be obtained.
The other points on which the new trial was ap•
plied for were purely questions of law. First, it was
contended that even supposing that the sale had taken
place at the Dispatch office, as alleged by Captain
RENNAULT, that it was not such a re-publication as
would be sufficient to sustain the action ; and, se-
condly, that damages to the amount of 5001. sterling
were clearly excessive, when the nature of the re-
publication was taken into consideration.
On the first point it was argued that Captain REN-
NAULT was the admitted agent of the Duke o
BRUNSWICK, and that a publication to him
was to all intents and purposes a publication
to the Duke himself, which, although it might be
sufficient to found a criminal charge, could not pos-
sibly give the plaintiff a claim for damages. In The
San of the 30th June last we fully put forward the
arguments on this part of the case, which were sub-
sequently used by Sir FREDERICK. TLIESIGER. There
c,:ainot, therefore, be any necessity for a recapitula-
tion thereof.
On the point of damages it was well argued that
the republication of a single copy was very different
indeed from a new article in the Dispatch, with its
enormous circulation of seventy or eighty thousand
papers of each impression, which would necessarily
he read by many hundred thousands, perhaps millions
of readers, and distributed throughout the length and
breadth of the land. It was therefore insisted that the
Chief Justice should have told the jury that in assessing
damages their consideration should be directed not to
the publication of 1830, but to the single:copy deli-
vered at the request of the Duke himself eighteen
years subsequently, the Duke having another copy in
his possession.
On these latter points judgment was reserved, in
order that Lord DENMAN might be consulted ; but
when the paramount importance of the matter is
taken into considersion, it cannot be doubted but that
salt the questions will be argued before the full Court,
tied that a decision will be obtained that may safely
be referred to for a long series of years.

the French people will suffer the honour of France,
" which never yet the brea'h of clluinny bath
tainted," to be sacrifLed to the aristocracy of the
money bags.
We read in the Siicle—" The accession of' the
new Ministry gives birth to a number of rumours
more or less found.- d on the changes which it is said
are to take place in the high personnel of the Ad-
ministration. A journal speaks of a complete change
in the list of Prefects, on which are, it is said, to be
placed 25 new functionaries. M. PEAUGER, ex
Prefect of the 8 ,uehes-dtit Rhone, where he has
been replaced by the Legitimist, M. DE SULEAU,
is the object of a crowd of suppositions. Some
make hint the sttecessor of M. F. BARROT. as
Secretary-General at the Ey4,i; others pretend that
he will Like the Prefecture of Polka, M. REBILLOT
being about to be made a General. Also, it is said,
he is to be made Under-Si:cretary of State, or
Secretary- General of tie Interior, from which post
M. DEZNIASLERES would withdraw. Some persons
also speak of M. DUCLERC I,r the past of Secretary
of the Elysic, and M. DE Bassaso, ex-Secretary of
Embassy, for the Police. A new distribunion of em-
bassies is also to be tnade, it is said. Thus M. DE
RAYNEVAL is to be replaced at Naples, it is sail, by
M. ANTOINE 130NAPARTE, who wou!d in that case, no
doubt, resign his place of rep“esentative of the Yonne.
A rumour also designates General MAGNAN for the
command of the army of Italy."
\‘'e read in the Akhbar of Algiers of the al—
" The following account of the attack at the oasis of
Zaatcha has been received by the general in command of
the staff The approaches were conducted
aid with very little loss. On the morning cf the 20th,
two breaches appeared practicable, and the attacking
columns rushed forward under the protection of a fire
from the artillery. Their bravery and their -efforts
could not, however, overcome the obstinate defence op•
posed by the fanatics of the whole oasis enclosed in the
town. One of the breaches was disputed during a apace
of two hours, and at last it was found necessary to with-
draw to the trenches, carrying batik 170 men killed or
wound-d, of whom 9 were officers. The siege has now
resumed its slow and regular course; the sanitary con-
dition or the tr,ays is good. A little garrison left at
Bou Cada by Colonel de Barrel, when he dep nod, in
order to join Gen. Herbillon, was attacked in its pro
visional establishment by a hostile faction of the inhabi-
tants of the town, ailed by contingents of the Ouled
Nails, on whom a razetii. had been effected some days
before by the colonel and by the gown under the orders
of LieureCulonel Cirrus. The little garrison, sup
ported by oar nunProus parti acs at Bou Cadl. r, led
all the attacks. The gowns of Aumale and of Bordj
ben Ariri-J, who hastened to its succour, succeeded in
discngagin2; it. A c damn was obliged to leave Aumale
to take at Bou Cads the place of the column of Colonel
de B.irrul. Other measure, have been taken to put
down atiy agitation which might be produced by the
prolonged resistance of Zia:ens. In other respects
nothing. new has taken place; the insurrection remains
confined, as at first, within the subdivision of Bathna
(Aures and Ziban), and within the fractions of the Ouled
Nails, long since r• matkablo for their non-submission."
PARIS BOURSE, Nov. 5.
The market opened with some show of firmness at a
shade above the closing quotations of Saturday, but the
improvement was nt.t long maintained, and at the close
prices were marked rather lower than on that day;
Threes at 55f. 70e., and Fives at 87f. 75c. 'l'he market
closed as follows:--Threes, for cash, 55f. G3c.; for ac-
count, 55f. 70c.; Fives for cash, 871. 75c. ; for ac-
count. 87f. 75c; Bank of France Shares, 2,325 t.; Neapo-
litan, 88f. 50c.; Spanish Threes, 351.; ditto Fives, not
quoted.
RAILWAYS.—The Share Market has not been very
RAILWAYS AT THE
active, but prices have not much varied. Orleans closed
Avignon, 215 r;
ti..2asmocu.r and Liege, 614
Vat'ii7:ssarn;, R29"u7ef.n,sosc2.s;lS;trilasilhvurreg' 2a3nsdr;Bas'e, 101 f. 25c.;
Bourdeaux, 4001.; N-,rtherti, 4281. 75c.; Paris and
BSturassila.Natrsr,s:3os(s.;ENtharatFe(s)s,n2t:Bi2(
LONDON STOCK-EXCHAN.GE, Nov. 5.
N(Bnottuielomgnn,e,faitlanAcnei,ie3nsd,is._
lA—Great
Indian Peninsula. 3/4—Paris and Rouen, 204—Paaris and
Dutch Rhenish, 1
Strasbourg, Satnbre and Meuse, 2,4—West Flanders
Ph.

Pam- COUNCIL AT WINDSOR CAsTLE.—This
morning, at half pist twelve o'clock, the Marquis
of Lansdowne, Lord President; Lord John Russell,
Fir,,t Lord of the Trea.ury ; Lard Campy rill, Chan-
cellor of Llncaster ; Earl Grey, Colonial Secretary;
and the Right Hop. Sir G. Grey, attended by the
Clerk of the Council in Waiting, Mr. Greville, left
the Piddiegton Terminus of the Great Western
Railway, by special train, for IV:ndsar Castle, where
her Mjesty held a Privy Council at half past two.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and Viscount
Palmerston (who is on a visit to the queen), also
attended the Council. The principal bu:iness to be
transacted, it is understood, was the appointment of
a Day of Thanksgiving on account of the great
decrease of the cholera. His Excellency the Austrian
Ambassador. Count Cohered°, was to have an audience
of her Majesty to take leave on his departure for
Vienna, having been recalled. The Cabinet Ministers,
aft-r partaking of a dejeuner, are expected to return
to town at five o'clock.

&IRA TUM.—In the copious statistical comparisons
of our first leading article yesterday, one group of
figures was inadvertently re quoted instead of another.
it, glance at the preceding argument will sho .v that
when it is said "England has her 600, while Russia
is contented with 211 lieutenants"—it is in reality
France which has 600, while England has no less
than 2,353 lieutenants, a fact which we had imme-
diately before particularised.

We regret to announce the death of General Sir
John 0. Vandeleur, G.C.8.. Colonel of the 16th Lancers,
which event to.,k place in Dublin on the Ist of the pre
sent month. He was one of our most distinguished
cavalry ,:flicers, and had served in the army for the long
period of 68 years. As Lieutenant Colonel of the 6th
Light Dragoons, he served with the kcal t ank of Colonel
in command of a brigade of cavalry ureler the late Lerd
Lake, in India. At the battle of Liewarree, on the Ist
of November, 1803, his brigade turn d the enemy's left
flank, and took 2,000 prisoners, for which he received
Lord Lake's thanks. In November, 1804, he twain re-
ceived his Lordship's thanks for the cavalry affair at
Futty Ghur, where the Mahratta chief Ilolkar was
surpri.ed and defeated. At the cenclusion of the war in
India Sir John Vandeleur returned to Europe, and in
1811 was placed on the staff ot the army in the Peninsula,
as Major-General. He commanded a brigade of the
light division of infantry, and was weuntled while leading
a division to the breach of Ciudad Rodrigo, in January,
1812, after the late Major- General Crawlard had received
a mortal wound. This wound prevented General Van-
deleur being present at the siege of Badajoe; but he was
present with the light division at the battles of Salamanca
and Vittoria. A few days before the latter his brigade
was so fortunate as to intercept a French division and
to cut off one of its brigades, taking 300 prisoners and
forcing the remainder to disperse in the mountains. He
was subsequently appointed to command a brigade of
Light Dragoons attached to the column under Lord
Lynedoeb, and afterwards under Lord Niddry, and par-
ticipated in all the operations of that column. He served
in the battle of Waterloo, and afterwards commanded the
whele of the British cavalry from the time that the
Marquis of Anglesey was wounded till Louis the XVIII.
entered Paris.
On Monday, the sth instant, a general assembly
of the Academicians, was held at the Roy ul Academy
of Arts in Trafalgar-square, when 5 r. John Henry
Foley was elected an As,,ociete of that institution.
A lucid and new analysis of Cholera, by \V.
Packer, , treated on an elementary system, unlike
anything before suggested, and professedly a cure,
merits g' net al diffusien.
An almost unprecedented sensation in the silk and
drepety trade bus recently been excited by the failure
of a large establishment in Oxford-strei t, and by the
keen competition of the proptietors of other houses to
become pessesscd of so valuable a stoc!c. We allude to
the bankruptcy of Messrs. Walley and Hardwick, silk
mercers and drapers, who have for the last eighteen
months rendered themselves so conspicu ,us. We are
informed that Messrs. Sewell arid Co., the well-known
silkmercers and drapers, have been the successful com-
petitors; and although the stock is so rich, and the
tenders were so numerous, they have obtained it at an
enormous discount off. We believe it is their intention.
shortly to submit it for sale at their extensive premises
in Compton street and Frith-street, Soho.—Observer.

" If it he true, as we often hear it said, that Know.
ledge is Power, it certainly is not less true that
Knowletig.: is Pleasure," said Lord Mason at the
rectut fettival of the Leeds Mechanics' Institute—
sentltnebt singularly appropriate to the time and
place in which it was uttered. Athnourns and
Mechanics' Institutes are living testimonies of the
pleasures of knowledge. The researches of the
scholar are, in most instances, prompted by the
desire of celebrity, or some kindred ambition, hut
the motley concourse who pore over the well-
thumbed volumes, or listen to the public lecture at
the Mechanics' Institute, seek Knowledge for the sake
of her pleasures only. The heart weary, and the

THE SUN LONDON TU. ...-DAY EVENING. NOVEIVIRER 6, 1849

for her. General Narvaez, addressing her, said it was
important o❑ the opening of the Cores that the Minis-
ters shoi Id know from her Majesty whether they really
poss ?ss, d the Royal confidence, without which it would
be imp,,;ssible to act, and which certain rumours waled
they had lost. Narvsrz added that, if the rumours iu
question had tho slightest foundation, ho and his
colleagues would resign at once. The Queen, who
did not expect such a visit at such a time, expressed
her surprise, and stated several timea, with great
emotion arid in the most explicit terms, that her
confidence in the Ministry was complete and absolute,
and that all the rumours which were current were un-
founded, and had probably been invented by the enemies
of her repose. The Queen authorised the President of
the Council to make known to the Chambers the precise
declarations she had made. The Ministers then left,
satisfied that they still possessed the Queen's confidence.
In the Senate, this day, M. Pena Aguayo questioned !I,e
Ministry on the rumours that were current, and Ger t ral
Narvaez detailed the conference which the Ministers bud
had with the Queen, and formally declared that she had
not withdrawn her confidence from them. Notwith-
erandieg all this, it is believed by well-informed persons
that the Ministry will soon be modified, on account of
the difficulties arising out of the delicate palace
question."
MAD:JD BOLSA, OC r. 31.—Three per Cents., 271 for
Account; Five per Cents., 11 paper. Exchange on
London, 50 40.

THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

" A few days ego," says a Vienna letter of the 31st
ult., " as the EMPEROR was leaving the Opera with
his mother, the Archduchess SOPHIA, a man suddenly
presented himself before her, and asked, " Where is
the EMPEROR ?" The Archduchess frightened, an-
swered "At Schcenbrunn." The same evening the
men went to the Palace, and demanded an audience,
but he was told to return the next day. It turned
out, on inquiry, that he was an escaped lunatic, named
DARVAS. He was secured.

The Vienna correspondent of the Independance of
Brussels writes on the 30th ult —" A letter, which I
have just received from St. Petersburgh, confirms the
statement already made of the difference between the
Porte and Russia having been completely arranged ;
and it is added, that this has been done without the
int( rvention of England or France."
It is announced by the Vienna Gazette of the 31st
ult., that between '2,000 and 3,000 of the Hungarian
refugees at \Viddin have, in spite of the remonstrances
of their chiefs, resolved to return to Hungary, and
have already placed themselves at the disposal of the
Austrian authorities.

The Presburg Gazette contains an official notifica-
tion that General HAYNAU had ordered the release of
56 persons detained, or condemned to brief periods of
imprisonment, for political offences.
The Austrian Government has authorised the
publication at Pesth of a journal in the Hungarian
language. It is called the Hungarian Gazette, and
is to be edited by F. SZYLAGY, of the Hungarian
Academy, a man of moderate opinions, and opposed to
the late revolution.

The German Reform states that the Austrian
Cabinet has approved of a project for establishing a
bank for making advances to the tradesmen of Pesth
on deposit of merchandise. The same journal states
that the Government has ordered a financier to ascer-
tain if it be possible to indemnify the solders of the
notes issued by KOSSUTH.
A letter from Vienna of the 31st ult. says :—" The
Customs' Union between Austria and Germany, which

is about to be entered into, is to be established in

such a way as to cause the interests of each state to
be respected, and its necessities and wishes to be
satisfied as far as possible. To attain this object it
will be necessary to introduce reforms common to the
states which form the three principal commercial and
political groups Austria, the Zollverein, and
Northern Germany.
The Wiener Zeitung of the 30th ult. contains an
Imperial ordinance establishing a tax on income for
the expense of the army alone.
The Tribunals of First Instance and of Appal
have acquitted Dr. Biscnnorr, who will be imme-
diately set at liberty.
The Breslau Gazette says that although Austria
has availed herself of the assistance of Russia, she
nevertheless has but little confidence in her, which is
evident from Austria having ordered the defiles near
Dukla, Jublunka, and Przymysl to be carefully for-
tified, these defiles leading from Gallicia into Hungary.

ITA L Y.

The Giornale cli Ronza of the 26th ult. pu'oli&les a
list of 14 persons condemned by court-martial to
various periods of imprisonment, excepting one, who
is condemned to the galleys for 20 years. The
Chamber of Commerce was also to send a deputation

to Portici, composed of MM. INGami, RionELL', and
COSTA, in order to implore the POPE to return.
Colonel FOLICALDI, Commandant of Ferrara, has
issued a notice, dated the 2411, offering rewards of
from 100 f. to 500 f., to any person delivering an in-
cendiary into the hands of justice, or even furnishing
conclusive proofs against any individual guilty of
arson, that crime having lately spread in the province
to an alarming extent.
The Costituzionale of Florence publishes a letter
from Rome of the 26th ult. It asserts that on the
following day the command of the Roman troops was,
by order of the three Cardinals, to pass from the
hands of General LEVAILLANT into those of officers
named by the Court of Gaeta. This measure was
said to be owing to an energetic protest on the part
of the Austrians, Spaniards, and Neapolitans. In
consequence, adds the writer of this letter, of a
serious altercation which had arisen between the
Cardinals and Generol ROSTOLAN, the triple deputa-
tion which was to have proceeded to Portici, to
invite the Pora to return, will not leave Rome. The
domiciliary visits of the police in the Ghetto still
continued ; two carriages belonging to the Court had
been seized, besides many other articles belonging to
the Cardinals, and 30,000 scudi.
The Nazionale of Florence quotes a letter from
Bologna of the 26th ult., stating that Mgr. SAVELLI
has, with a view of checking political discussion, for-
bidden barbers to have more than four customers at a

time in their shops. M. MARCHESSINI, director of
the Post-office, a man of the highest respectability,
had been dismissed, notwithstanding his being a per-
sonal friend of Count JOSEPH MASTAI, brother of the
PorE, who lives in his house.
The Opinione of Turin of the Ist announces that
General BAVA. is to retire from the Piedmontese
Ministry.
The Piedmontese Gazette, of the Ist, states that
the Duke of PARMA has ordered a general census to
be taken from the 15th of March to the 15th of April,
1850.

The Legge of Turin publishes a letter from Naples,
from which we extract the following :—" The arrests
continued; Baron BARACCIO, one of the richest land-

owners in the kingdom, has been arrested, together
with DOMINECO GIANNATASIO, of Salerno. They
are both ex-Deputies of the Right. MM.
RAYNEVAL and TurieLE have made energetic repre-
sentations on this subject, and the Russian Ambassador
himself has declared that things are curried too far
in an absolutist sense. Almost all the monks of
Montcassino have been ordered to Naples, and are
under the strict surveillance of the police. One 01
them, Father Gathr.o, has been incarcerated.