The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-19 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA.

FALMOUTH, OCT. 16.—Her Majesty's packet Star,
Lieut. Smith, arrived this afternoon from Mexico, having
left Vera Cruz on the 27th August, Tampico 2d Septem-
ber, and the Havannah on the 16th, with mails, and on
freight 650,000 dollars. The French blockading squadron,
under Commodore Bazoche, remained off Vera Cruz ; they
consisted of L'Herminee, 60 ; L'lphigenie, 60 ; L'Astre,
60 ; Le Laurier, 18 ; Le Voltigeur, 18 ; and L'Alcibiade,
20. Her Majesty's sloop Champion had been lying with
them, also the United States corvette Ceres, which arrived
on the 26th August from Philadelphia. The blockade
continued to be observed with the greatest strictness, and
any settlement of the existing differences appeared as re-
mote as ever. At a review which took place at Vera
Cruz, just previous to the packet's departure, the regular
troops amounted to 500, and the militia to 1,500, well
armed with muskets. The best informed even of the
Mexicans, however, think there is but little dependence
to be placed on them. The first are ill paid, and the
latter are confirmed cowards. and make no secret
of their intention of running if it comes to a fight. Al-
though the French inhabitants are taking advantage of
every opportunity to transport their property and persons
into France, they are still very numerous in the central
provinces ; in the town of Vera Cruz alone there are 180
French subjects, who fully anticipate, on the first shot being
fired, to be sent as hostages ninety miles into the interior ;
others fear that, if they are not demanded by the French
commodore, there will be a general massacre and pillage
by the rabble of the town, previously to their beating a
retreat. The Mexicans have an army of 4,000 men at the
fort of Perot and in the town of Galapa, ready to descend
to the coast in case of a crisis. The reason of their remain-
ing at so great a distance from the anticipated seat of war
is the greater facility of victualling, and their exemption
from the yellow fever, which is even more deadly to the in-
habitants of the high lands than to newly-arrived Europeans.
In the mean time the middle classes in Vera Cruz seem fully
determined to defend the town, and are rapidly strengthen-
ing their houses, which bear every resemblance to little
castles. They seem aware that the French will have very
little difficulty in entering. The arrival of the other French
squadron, which was hourly expected, may alter their opi-
nions, and spare unncessary bloodshed. There had been
no change in the Ministry, who continued to evince the
same unyielding disposition. The announcement of some
decisive measures having been taken is reasonably expected
to reach by the next packet. On the 4th August her
Majesty's ship Sappho was at Belize, with a prize, con-
taining between 200 and 300 slaves.
The Patriota Jalapeao stated, as far back as the 15th
of June, on the authority of a letter from Vera Cruz, that
the French squadron had then made preparations for an at-
tack on that city, but that the captain of one of the blockading
frigates protested against the attempt, on the ground that the
blockading force was not of sufficient strength for such an
enterprise. It does not, however, appear that to the latest
date of our intelligence any hostile operations, other than the
bleektole, bad been undertaken against Vera Cruz or the
Castle of San Juan d'Ulloa. On the 3thof August the
Governor of the department of Vera Cruz addressed a

" Ofgeo of the Home Department.

" I have informed the President of your Excellency's
note of the 3d inst., in which you inserted the Prefect's
communication. The President received with 111.11Fh satis—
faction the account of the review of the troops ia Vera.
Cruz, of the preparations for defence which are heg..7
made, and of the enthusiasm with which both the vetera-‘
and the auxilaries have determined to maintain the nations
honour. This the President has been pleased to order me
to state to you in reply ; and he has also directed me to
commission you, as I now have the honour of doing, to
return thanks to the inhabitants of Vera Cruz for their
patriotic, conduct and sentiments, which, on this occasion,
so well justify and confirm the honourable idea they
have in all times formed to themselves of true freemen,
and the'title of ' heroic,' which has been given to their city.
" God and Liberty! " PESADO
" Mexico, August 7, 1838.
_ _ .

" To-his Excellency the Governor of the
Department of Vera Cruz."

COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN

GREAT BRITAIN AND TURKEY.

The real effect of the treaty .whiCh has been concluded
with Turkey is not generally understood. The existing
treaties gave us the right of importing into and exporting
from Turkey at three per cent. But when these treaties
were entered into we only trafficked with the seaport towns,
where rayahs (i. e. the inhabitants of Turkey not Mussul-
mans) used to bring Turkish produce to sell to us, and to
buy our goods for circulation in the interior. On these
rayahs the Turks levied certain duties. Latterly, as we
became better acquinted with the Turks and less frightened
at their ways, we naturally wished to dispense with these
rayahs altogether, to make our own purchases in the inte-
rior of Turkey, and to sell ourselves our own_ goods. More-
over our merchants employed rayahs to do this for us, on

the ground that our treaties, which conferred on us the
privilege of exporting and importing for three per cent.,
gave us under that privilege the right of buying and selling
ts herever we might think proper to do so at this duty.
In this manner the treaties with England, as construed,
gave to the rayahs a great advantage over their Masters the
Turks; and thus the Turks saw themselves, at a moment
when they could least afford it, deprived of a great part
of the income they had once been accustomed to obtain.
Under such circumstances it will not be deemed surprising
that they should endeavour to elude what they could not
openly resist. In the first place, being denied the power of
taxing the sellers and importers of British goods, they taxed
their own subjects, the purchasers. In the next place, having
the power to prohibit the exportatiou of any goods—though
they were refused the power of taxing as they deemed ex-
pedient the exporters—they actually did prohibit the ex-
portation of nearly all Turkish produce, and thus it became
subject to the regular interior duties. But on the merchant
buying the said produce, and paying the said interior duties,
he was allowed to ship what he had so bought for exporta-
tion. Thus, in point of fact, the stipulations in the treaties
became a dead letter ; and, as they were framed for a state
of things entirely different from that to which it was wished
to apply them, it can hardly be wondered at that such a re-
sult should have taken place. . _

In point of fact, at this present time the purchasers of
British goods pay on an average, over and above the three
per cent. paid on importation, nearly 10 per cent. On the
other hand, on some of the articles of Turkish produce, as
vallonia, silk, oil, wool, &c., there is paid 20,30, and even
h 0 per cent., before they can be exported. Nor is this all.
In looking at the Ottoman empire, we observe a state of
things unlike anything in the west of Europe. We may
nearly always fancy ourselves in Europe such as it was 250
or 300 years ago. In those days, when the Sovereign
wanted money, or wished to make the fortunes of his fa-
vourites, he granted monopolies ; and this is precisely what
the Sovereign does now. A whole island, for instance, or a
whole district, is ordered to sell its produce to one particular
person only, at a particular price, and this price frequently
hardly repays the grower. Under such a state of things,
who can wonder at the perpetual difficulties with which our
rrwrchants have to contend in Turkey on the one hand, or
at the rapid ruin approaching the Turks on the other ?
The treaty which Lord Ponsonby has succeeded in ob-
taining has put an end to all these evils ; and great credit
is due to that nobleman and Mr. Lytton Bulwer, the Se-
cretary of the Embassy, for the ability displayed by them
in bringing to bear an arrangement calculated to promote
essentially the interests of both Englaod and Turkey. We
say Turkey as well as England. We say Turkey as well
as England, for, to the credit of our times be it said, it is
now generally understood that commerce between two na-
tions can only be beneficial to either by promoting the in-
terests of both. The great object in view in framing the
new treaty was to insure—lst. Regularity and fixedness in
the mode of collecting the revenue, and its concentration in
as few places and as few hands as possible ; for at present
there are a hundred little taxes levied in a hundred little
places, levied by a hundred little people, and in this way the
property is melted down. 2dly. The abolition of all mo-
nopolies and pretended prohibitions, which made the price
of everything uncertain and different to this or that person,
according to the interest possessed or the means of corrup-
tion employed. 3dly. The substitution of fair duties,
according to the circumstances of the existing state
of commerce, in lieu of the fictitious prohibitions
and monopolies abolished which have reference to
exports, and in lieu of the duties now levied upon
the purchasers of imports, which, after having paid a certain
sum, should thus be free of all other taxes whatever in their
circulation through the empire. Those who know what
the alcavala was in Spain may form some idea of the present
system of levying taxes on sales in Turkey. A piece of
printed cotton, we will say, is sold at Constantinople ; the
purchaser pays so much ; if he wishes to send it into the
interior for sale, he pays again ; and at every change of
destination a fresh duty ; so that on one and the same
article there are a succession of embarrassing little imposts,
which, after all,. bring little into the Turkish exchequer.
By the treaty, one tax paid at a particular time and place
is substituted for this succession of taxes,
which frees the
said piece of cotton goods from all further taxes wb,:tever,
The leading provisions are—
The abolition of all monopolies and prohibitions, and the
free purchase and exportation hereafter of all Turkish pro-
duce, the same paying on entering the shipping port whence
it is exported 9 per cent., i. e. on all the important articles
at least 12 per cent. less than is paid at present. The 3
per cent. export duty will be paid as at present on export-
ing, but the 9 per cent. covers all interior taxes whatsoever.
The payment of 2 per cent. by the importer on all im-
ported goods (besides the 3 per cent. paid on importing',
when he sells the same goods at the port into which they
were imported, or when he sends them for sale into the
interior ; after which neither purchaser nor sei.ler nor re-
-1 exporter is to pay a farthing more.
The right of engaging in the. internal trade of Turkey',
i. e. the purchase and sale of Turkish produce within the
Ottoman dominions on the same terms as the Mussulmans.
At present we trade on the same terms as the rayahs.
The transit trade remains at three per cent., as at present,
Thus there is the concentration of the revenue at the
great ports, where superior persons are employed, and su-
perior control exists, and redress for grievances may be
immediately sought and obtained. While our merchants
are subject to fixed taxes and pay less than before, there is
a probability that the Turkish exchequer will receive more
than it does at present.—Morning Chronicle.

THE WRECK OF THE FORFARSHIRE._The
Glasgow Humane Society having forwarded to Miss Grace
Horsley Darling their honorary silver medal, that heroic young
lady returned the following reply to the letter which accompa-
nied the medal :

" Longstone Lighthouse, Oct. 5, 1838.
" Sir,—l own the receipt of yours of the 29th ultimo, which
has been delivered to me by Robert Smeddle, Esq., of Ram-
borough Castle, and in reply most respectfully beg leave to
thank you as President, also the Committee and the members
individually, for the kind present which they have thought
proper to confer upon me. Be assured that I lament most
sincerely the awful loss of human life caused by the wreck of
the Fo;farshire. It affords me great pleasure to think my
humble endeavours, assisted by Divine Providence, have been
instrumental in saving the lives of nine persons ; but ah ! how
much my heart yearns within me to think how many valuable
lives have been lost to their mourning friends, and to society at
large, on this most melancholy occasion I sincerely thank
you on behalf of my dear father, and beg leave most resPe.ct
iully to say, that the medal which your ,noble institution has
been pleased to confer upon me shall be considered a valuable
relic an long as it shall please Almigihtyod to spare me in
this world.—l have the honour to remain, Sir,
humble servant,
G
" Your very
(Signed) " GRACE_v
" To John Alston, Esq., Glasgow.
DELAYED MAIL.iIieOR"LSoLnEaYonDAMRLaiIIN:.
v
i 4
being near y three hours an a al.a
a quarter before 11, .
Birmingham, did not reach Oils town yesterdaydmorhninfg til'
the usual time. We are informed by the Postmaster that
reason whatever is assigned for the delay which took plc
on the London and Birmingham R atl way.—Derby Repent:
THE ATTACK ON STANFIELD HALE.--F 011:
t 'en persons have been fully committed to take their trials AGi
the riot at Stanfield Hall, Wymondham, Norfolk. The re-
Teander have been liberated upon entering into their own re- .
cognizalees, with sureties in different amounts, to appear at the
Assizes, to answer to any indictment that may be preferred
against them.

despatch to the Minister for the Home Department, con-
taining a note from the Prefect of the district, in which ha
states that the preparations for defence were carried on
with the greatest energy and activity. On the evening of
the
_2d 3,000 men recently embodied were reviewed and
placed in position for the defence. Of these, 800 were
veteran soldiers, and the rest were drawn from vohmteer
companies, in which, it is said, the people had been eager to
enrol themselves. The following is the Minister's letter on!
this subject :

STRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

It seems that we were right in our construction of Wed-
nesday's article in a Ministerial Morning Paper. Not many
hours after our remarks for yesterday's publication of the
Times bad been written, wherein we inferred that there
was some " big screw loose" between his High Mightiness
in Canada and the dozen of low littlenesses in Whitehall,

up comes_ the express from Bristol, with " confirmation
dire" of all our most melancholy forebodings. The Great
Western's intelligence, that the Earl of Durham had re-
signed, wasindeed half anticipated in the city, and w ould have
been looked for by her Majesty's Ministers had they been

m enof even as much decent pride or spirit as the nobleman
upon whom they persuaded her Majesty in person to force
the arduous government of North America, and whom
they afterwards ignominiously abandoned, when the
defence and protection due to him would have
risked their own tenure of office which they unworthily
hold. In the position wherein Lord Durham now
finds himself—under a dark cloud of p7esumptive error, and
in some sort self-punished for faults of which others, by
the difficulties with which they surrounded him, may, for
any thing we know to the contrary, have been the real
cause—justice, and honour, and every right feeling, pre-
clude us from saying a single word in the shape of censure
or disparagement against him. We have never wished ill
to that Noble Lord, nor suspected him of an indifference
to right or wrong, when both lay plainly before him. We
shall, therefore, on this occasion, and until Lord Durham
has an opportunity of meeting face to face in Parliament
the spiteful enemy who led the assault upon his character,
and the false friends who sneaked away, leaving an absent
man, who relied upon their fidelity, exposed to a flight of
envenomed arrows from behind—until that day of trial
comes we shall refrain from the utterance of any opinion
upon the public measures, apart from the personal appoint-
ments, proposed or executed by the Noble Lord, see-
ing that he has never yet been heard in explanation
of them. One thing, however, is necessary to be
borne in mind upon this subject. When the ordi-
nances of Lord Durham respecting the deportation of
State criminals cAnie to be questioned in each House
of Parliament, the Conservatives agreed in passing a
Bill of Indemnity. The Conservatives acted in no spirit of
hostility towards Lord Durham. All the lawyers, without
exception, in whom they put their trust, and by whose
opinions, bad the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel
held office, they would have been implicitly guided—all
those constitutional lawyers, without exception, sitting on
the Consert.ltive side in either House of Parliament, pro-

nounced the Durham ordinances to be against the law.
The Conservatives, therefore, with this doctrine of their
own legal advisers placed unequivocally before their eyes,
could in the nature of things have done no otherwise than
resort to one of the two following courses :-Ist, a vote
of censure ; 2d, a Bill of Indemnity ; which latter was
likewise an admission that the law, strictly speaking, had
been violated by Lord Durham. There was not breathed
a syllable indicative of anxiety to thwart, perplex, or
mortify the Noble Earl, or to cast a shade of suspicion
upon his motives, not at least by any Conservative Lord or
Commoner in either House. But the case was far diffe-

rent with the official Radicals and Whigs. Their selec
tion of Lord Durham for a post so embarrassing—the ex
tensive powers wherewith they intrusted him— the mani-
fold, undefined, and vexatious duties which they exacted
from him—the fearful responsibility which they imposed
upon him, and the unexampled snares for the judgment
and sagacity of a public officer planted on so novel an
eminence, which were inherent in the very nature of the
functions he must discharge—all demanded it of the Mi-
nisters, as men imbued with the rudest elements of honour
and generosity, that they should go to the utmost verge of
what was possible for the protection of a nobleman so com-
mitted in their service. Now, the Whig Lord Chancellor,
and the other lawyers of that faction, maintained, in op-
position to the Conservative lawyers, that the acts of Lord
Durham were perfectly justifiable, not in constitutional
policy merely, but in strict and positive law, and therefore
that a Bill of Indemnity was a superfluous proceeding—
nay more, an inconsistent one—further still, a gross
injustice to Lord Durham. But what was the
conduct of the Queen's Ministers as a body ? Did
they act upon the assurance of their own law ad-
visers, by which they might have been honourably, because
they were constitutionally, bound ? No, the dastards I
they took counsel of their own low-minded imbecility,
mingled with a deep-rooted hatred of Lord Durham.
They flung away the authority with which their own col-
league, the first judicial officer of the realm, had armed
them ; they maintained, in direct contradiction to his words,
that the ordinances of the Noble Earl, and his disposal of
the prisoners, were illegal ; they did not make the practical
use which they might have done of the obvious and most
interesting fact, that Lord Durham's banishment of pri-
soners, upon whose crimes, whether as to their heinousness
or their certainty, no two honest men could have differed,
was conceived in a spirit of mercy and humanity, and ought
to have been looked at, even if illegal, with forbearance
and respect ; they did that from pure, unmanly, and cold-
hearted selfishness, which the Conservatives were forced to
do by a conscientious sense of duty in spite of their declared
repugnance, and sacrificed the head of their own Executive
Government' in North America, because an adverse vote
in the House of Commons might have compromised their
own wretched salaries, and given them nothing in ex-
change but that reward which they have never yet tasted
—the sympathy and esteem of those with whom in judg-
ment they differed. We have studiously abstained through-
out from expressing so much as the hint of an opinion
upon the political merits of Lord Durham's Canadian Ad-
ministration. We know too little of its details ; but we
have in the above-mentioned data ground more than suffi-
cient for asserting that never was public man more scur-
vily or basely deserted by those who were pledged, by obli-
gations which cannot be broken without ruin to those who
disregard them, to have made a rampart of their own
bodies round their friend and delegate, and to have identi-
fied their political existence with his. Independent of
all feeling, pro or con., towards Lord Durham, was it
not a painful thing to hear from the lips of any English
gentleman a passage like that which follows? In conclud-
ing his verbal address to the Provincial Delegates of Bri-
tish North America, of which we gave a brief sketch yes-
terday, but a full report this day, the Noble Lord stated
that opposition from Lord Brougham, and from those
acting with him, was no more than he might have ex-
pected ; but he was compelled to say that he was put down
—sacrificed—by his FRIENDS—those whose duty it was to
stand forth in his defence—at a period when his political
enemies were using their utmost energies to destroy him."
The sting of this reproachful passage is its unquestionable
and disgraceful truth. Is it not true that the duties of
Lords Melbourne, John Russell, and the rest of them, was
to defend Lord Durham ? Suppose the Duke of Welling-
ton in such a situation, and one of his colleagues so at-
tacked by one of the tribe of Brougham—why the illustrious
Duke would have cut his own conquering right hand from his
body rather than have betrayed, as these Ministers have
done, the absent man who trusted in him for support. No
party can stand against poltroonery such as Lord Durham
complains of. The people of this country have tolerated
before now all manner of objectionable Ministries but one,
without many signs of more than excusable impatience. A
corrupt Ministry, an imprudent Ministry, a careless Minis-
try, a wasteful Ministry, a stupid Ministry, a tyrannical
Ministry—of each and all of these the British nation has
ere now felt the sweets. But there is one other sort of
Administration which the people of England have not yet
brought themselves, nor is it their nature, to endure—viz.,
a sordid, mean, perfidious, and unmanly Ministry. To
assist in ridding themselves of such a nuisance they would
seek help, we almost persuade ourselves, from Feargns
O'Connor, Sharman Crawford, or Lord Durham himself
—from any quarter, however unpromising, except O'Con-
nell or Lord Brougham.—Times.
Dispatches were yesterday received from the Earl of
Durham of the date of the 29th September. His Lord-
ship has not positively resigned, though we should be de-
ceiving our readers if we did not state that he expresses a
strong wish to be allowed to resign, founded on a convic-
tion that, after the factious proceedings in the House of
Lords, it would no longer be in his power, in the situation
which he now fills, to be of service to his country. His
Lordship believed that he had been successful beyond his
most sanguine expectations in forwarding the great object
of his mission, when the receipt of the accounts of the pro-
ceedings in the House of Lords in an instant defeated all
his plans, and incalculably advanced
We can make
the cause of indepen-
dence and separation from thiscountry.
allowance for the irritation produced in a generous mind
conscious of the best intentions, and devoted heart and
soul to the restoring the authority of the parent State in
n been in the case of his
these valuable colonies, by wise
this devotion is met, as it has and healing measures, when
Lordship, by a factious determination in the House of
Lords to thwart all his endeavours, to
the
ectin with
allo who
have striven to cement and strengthen
England, and to infuse fresh hopes and courage intothiotsies
who wish to throw off allegidetermination
to to her Majesty. But
to be hoped, as he has merely expressed his
to resign he will, on more mature consideration of the be-
nefit to his country which might be effected by his presence
in Canada, and the dangerous consequences to be appre-
hended from his acting on the determination, see reason
for changing his opinion. In any case it was his intention
to remain a month at least in Canada, and to return to
England by the way of the United States, in order to pro-
mote as much as he possibly could the interests of his country,
by strengthening tht favourable disposition which he had
already succeeded in producing in America towards this
country. When his Lordship, who has so much at heart
the welfare of his country, becomes satisfied, as he soon
must, by the evidence forced on his attention from every
quarter, that her best interests may suffer from his

- - -
resignation at so critical a conjuncture, we do not i
renounce the hope that he will remain to perfect
the great work he had undertaken, and hitherto con-
ducted with such hopes of ultimate success. It is
hardly possible to describe the effect produced in Canada
by the wicked and factious proceedings in the House of
Lords. Alarm, anger, and something approaching almost
to despair, instantly took possession of every mind. We
have received several accounts from sources on which we
place the most perfect reliance, and they concur in stating
that the authority of the mother country, and the kindly
feelings entertained towards her, have suffered an awful
abatement by the proceedings in question. The people
think that they betray, on the part of the inhabitants of
England and the home Legislature, an indifference to-
wards their welfare which they did not deserve, and
which they conceive it heinous on the part of England
to feel towards them, There are symptoms of another
outbreak which cannot be mistaken, and a gloom hangs
over all parties in consequence. The French Canadians
feared Lord Durham, and were unwilling to incur his
resentment, believing that they might gain something
from him by submissive conduct, while by another
course they could gain nothing. The British, on the other
hand, had the utmost reliance on his Lordship that if put
on his mettle he would not be wanting to the exigencies
of the crisis, and that if the French should rebel or affront
him he would crush them. Just as rebellion was venturing I
to look up, and all the loyal and well-affected were pre-
paring for the fray, full of confidence, a wicked faction
sought to disarm them by depriving them of their leader.
One thing, however, has happened. The Constitutional-
ists, who were peevish, and inclined to quarrel with Lord
Durham on small points, have, we learn, rallied, and are
now as one man in his favour. A meeting of them was to
I take place at Quebec on Monday, the Ist of October ;
and in Montreal on Wednesday, the 3d of October.
When the disastrous mws reached Quebec the mer-
chants and others went up on the instant, to the
number of three hundred and ninety-five persons, to write
their names at the chateau for Lord Durham. This was
done in the course of the morning, without concert, con-
sultation, or prepare' im, but, as it were, from an
unanimous instinct, the thought being no sooner suggested
than acted upon by all. 'Fee moment the news burst on
the people of Quebec they were seen talking in groups in
the streets—all business was suspended—men felt as if
some domestic calamity had befallen them. Some of the
Deputies from Nova Scotia and other colonies actually shed
tears, and they were seen clenching their hands and look-
ing quite savage as they talked to each other about the
Lords and Lord Brougham. It was impossible that Lord
Durham could witness these strong manifestations unmoved
and we would fain hope that the gratitude of the Canadians
will counteract the impression prouced on him by the anti-
national proceedings of the llouse of Lords. The press,
part of which was against Lord Durham, dropped quarrel-
ling, and in the alarm and anger of the moment came for-
ward vociferously in his Lordship's favour. Lord
Brougham wasburned in effigy. Three thousand individuals
were at the burning, and the procession, about 700 or 800,
mostly all English. The likeness of Lord Brougham was,
we are told, exceellent, and the affair was cleverly managed.
The face of the Noble and Learned Lord was of carved
wood, and it took some time to batter it to pieces ; but
the people were resolute, and would have the work done.
It is well the Noble and Learned Lord was not in Canada.
The tone and manner of the habilans as they pass
you in the streets and the woods are, we are
told, very much altered lately. Preparations for
insurrection were going on, and a piece of or-
dnance had been taken concealed in a waggon under a
heap of apples. Nothing certain, however, seems to have
been known as to the time when a rising would take
place ; but there seems to be little doubt that some plan
has been formed. We have before us a letter from a most
respectable source in Montreal, dated the 30th of Sep-
tember, in which the well-informed writer says—
" The signs of the times are not, in truth, of the most pleas-
ing nature. Lord Durham is, I fear, about to leave us, and
he certainly will not leave us in a more secure or prosperous
state than he found us. The loyal portion of the population
are depressed in the ratio in which the disaffected are buoyed
up, which makes it an easy matter for the demagogues to
prove to their credulous countrymen, that, although acci-
dentally overcome in the field, they are the conquerors in
England; consequently that their cause is a just one, and
need only to be persevered in to ensure success. No one here
doubts that preparations are making for another attempt to sub-
vert the Government, and upon a better and more extensive
scale of organization than before. Midnight meetings are held
throughout the district. Secret oaths are administered, and can-
non, muskets, and sabres are smuggled in from the States.
These things are notorious, and, you will admit, are indi-
cations not to be misunderstood. I myself saw, only two
days ago, a piece of ordnance which had been seized on,
crossing the lines ; it was a nine-pounder, mounted, ap-
parently new, and said by military men present to be ac-
companied by every equipment necessary for actual ser-
vice. Keeping in mind the unprovoked nature of the late re-
bellion, the Woodshed and misery which it occasioned, and
that, after it had been put down, not a single life was sacri-
ficed in propitiation of the violated laws, you cannot but agree
with me that mercy shown to the instigators of this rebellion
has added to the evil it was intended to remove; and you will
understand the feelings of the British population when they
hear so much sickly sentimentality about the poor misguided
Canadians, which appears the popular phrase on your side of
the:water, and not one word of sympathy for the poor men
murdered in cold blood because they were firm in their alle-
giance. We have no feelings of revenge to gratify ;we want
no unnecessary sacrifice of human life ; what we require, and
at the hands of the Government we have a right to require it,
is security for the future, protection of our lives and proper-
ties, and a fair field for the exertion of our industry and enter-
prise. It is the desire, I doubt not, as it is the duty of Go-
vernment, to afford such protection ; but so long as they re-
main wilfully blind to the cause, we never can hope that they
will remove the effect. It is neither a real nor a fancied
grievance that has fostered a feeling of disloyalty among
the Canadians, but an innate hatred of British rule, which
would lead at least 19-20ths of them to attempt to drive
the Anglo-Saxon race from the country. So deep-rooted
has their hatred of us become, that it has deadened every
generous feeling within them. They are no longer alive to
any impulse of gratitude. Mercy is thrown away upon them,
and fear only will deter them from making the attempt to gain
the ascendancy by every means in their power—the end they
have in view appears to justify the basest means; and robbery,
arson, and murder, become virtues towards its accomplish-
ment. So much for the ' poor misguided Canadians.' I only
trust the next six months' experience may not justify all I have
said of them."
Another letter from Montreal of the same date will be
found elsewhere. The writer, speaking with reference to
the meeting at Montreal to be held next day, anticipates
the most disastrous results from Lord Durham persisting
in his determination to leave the colony, and he speaks of a
recent attempt to surprise the Isle aux Noix, with the view
of making it the rallying point of all the rebels, murderers,
thieves, and vagabonds on the Continent. Other letters
from Quebec, Toronto, and Brockville speak the same
language. Such have been the disastrous results of
the wicked interference of a faction in the House
of Lords with the Government of Canada. It
is curious that Lord Brougham should be only
powerful to do ill in that House. Had he proposed any
wise or good measure their Lordships would have given him
no countenance ; but the moment they saw him embarked
in a cause likely to lead to the most extensive mischief—to
consequences which we are even afraid to contemplate—
they cheered him on as if' a vision of the dismemberment of
the empire gladdened their spirits. What a revenge Lord
Durham would take of these enemies of their country were
he to leave Canada a prey to the evils they designed for
Canada! The English people, patient as they are to a
proverb, would surely visit on the wicked men who hal-
looed on Lord Brougham the consequences of their crime
towards the nation. But, we trust his Lordship will, on
secondsd thoughts be prevailed on to stay the plague, to con-
rsatigllemexenerttwhhii
i er Canada his post of honour when danger is abroad, and
paralyzed as he must to a certain extent be by the eneou-
cmhsetlhfetoiLs oprr(elsvehoatvethgeiven to the
.disaffected,
to be lost.
French Canadians must dismemberment of the
empire. No time
T destroyed.henatiownahlyity
cannotof t the
we take a chapter out ofthe
book of the Americans ?
When Louisiana was
the population was handedwholly over to them by Bonaparte
]Tench, and the French lan-
guage and laws were only k
succeeded in making N 1 Onrolwn. In a few years Jonathan
and the rest of Louisiana
completely American. But the spirit
to have taken possession of thespscirihtooolfboy statesmen in
imbecility seems
whose keeping were the destinies of
the empire. The
Americans were bound by all manner of stipulations
towards the people of Louisiana, and yet
yet.they have made
them completely American ; hi'
un-
limited powers over the Canadians, whom we conquered,
have done all that we possibly could to prevent
v their amal-
gamation with the British settlers, and a have succeeded in
putting it into their heads that by k •
sepa-
rate they may become keeping themselves
We a great and independent nation.
must listen to the
time is dictates of common sense. The
now come for deciding
abandon Canada, or make it thoroughlyprotected a British colon
sons and properties must hbY-
Canadians must be prevented from ; but the French
settlers, who ought to be secured in the enjoyment of their
oppressing the British
properties and the exercise of their
industry. Everything
will depend on the right improvement of the present time.
—Morning Chronicle.
The resignation of the Earl of Durham under the pre-
sent circumstances of our American colonies and
Administration at home must be allowed to be ratherf the
an
important event. We would add, however, that such is
our opinion of the Noble Earl, that we regard it as highly
discreditable to the managers of our affairs that the resio
nation of such a mat) - , ~. -\,,11t i,lioll,olt,tok.e. lie
never ought to have been allowed the opportunity of mani-
festing his indiscretion in the arrangement of important and
1 difficult public business in our colonies, nor of producing