The Sun.
London, England, 1849-12-15 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON RRLDGE.

THIS DAY —morning, 15 min. after 2 1 Evening, 25 mtn. after 2
TO-MORROW —Morning, 51 min. after 2 I Evening, 8 min. after 3

THE WEATHEIL—SuN OFFICE, Dec. lq.
THERMOMETER, Lowe3t, 47; Highest, .53; Noon, 53
BAROMETER, 20.87.
WIND S.NV.—dull rainy weather.

admitted, moreover, in the columns of the reactionary

newspapers of London, that the Pragmatic Sanction I
in no respect altered the position in which Hungary
stood towards its imcerial neighbour. In testimony
of this it is only necessary to remark upon the cir-
cumstance, that even subsequently to that memorable
treaty the Austrian Emperors have invariably ap-
plied to the Hungarian Diet for supplies to enable
the Cabinet of Vienna to carry on their wars, alter-
natively, with one or other of the different Powers of
Europe. As an evidence, in like manner, of the
jealousy with which this isolation of the regal dig-
nity over the Hungarians is regarded by the Magyars
themselves, it has been instanced by Mr. PAGET, in
his work upon the great country bordering the
Danube, that even in apparently the most trivial

points of ceremonial etiquette, the members of the
Hungarian Diet have always been exquisitely chary
_ ... . .

of affording to the Viennese Camarilla any one inci-

dent which they might afterwards pervert into a
precedent. For example, he has adduced, in illus.

tration of this, the circumstance which first arrested
his attention on reaching Presburg, namely, the dis-

cussion then being carried on in the Diet for the

determination whether the title of the new Emperor
should be that of FERDINAND I. or FERDINAND V. of
Hungary, he being at the moment of his accession to
the imperial throne FERDINAND V. of Austria. After
a prolonged debate, he observes that it was ultimately
..decided by the majority of the Diet that, in spite of
the wishes of the Court party to the contrary, the
title of the new Sovereign should be that of King
FERDINAND I. of Hungary ; so punctilious have the
people of that country shown themselves during the
whole of their career in the retention of every tittle,
token, or form of their national independence.
Seeing that admissions are already making in this
manner, on the part of the reactionary newspapers of
England, as to the distinction necessary to be drawn
between the powers of the two diadems even when
combined upon the same head—which they cannot
be in the person of the young Emperor FRANCIS
JosEru, without a direct infraction of the Hungarian
constitution—we are sanguine that when a little of
the heats of factious animosities and predilections have
cooled down the judgment of these same journalists
' may become equally rational in its consideration of

the whole of the recent movement. By the Pragmatic
Sanction it was guaranteed that the descendants of
CHARLES, JOSEPH, and LEOPOLD " jurta stabilitatum
primogeniture ordinem" should posse's the crowns of
Austria, of Ilungary and its dependencies. Accord-
ing to that stipulation alone FRANCIS JOSEPH has no
c'aim whatever to be regarded as the King of the

Hungarians. It is the fortune, however, of the Red
Emre !tort to be surrounded by many other obstecles
to the attainment of that coveted distinction. Until
the brow of the acknowledged heir to the
diadem has been girdled by the crown of
ST. STEPHEN, until the ceremonies of' coronation
have been performed, until the oath of allegiance
to the Hungarian Constitution has been pronounced,
until the magitates and representatives of the race of the
Magyars have given the customary pledges of their
loyalty, the man is not King of Hungary ; he is only a
claimant to that supreme rank in the Hungarian Com-
monwealth. Now it is, of course, sufficiently notorious
that FRANCIS JOSEPH is not merely without any
right to the royal diadem, not coining to it according
to the direct descent by the right of primogeniture, but
that he has never been invested with the purple in
the cathedral at Presburg, and that the crown of ST.
STEPHEN, in fact, is removed out of the reach of his
government; so that the requisite ceremony of coro-
nation cannot be attempted by the ally of the
AUTOCRAT. To say that he has never pronounced
the oath of allegiance to the Hungarian Constitution
is as unnecessary as it would be to declare that, if
that asseveration were articulated by his lips, it
would he credited by any man not confined
ithout an asylum of lunatics. Equally no-
torious is it that so far from the mag-
nates and commons of Hungary having
sworn obedience to the Pretender, they have protested
against his insolent advances by words and, by arms,
by decrees pronounced in the Diet and by pitched
battles fought in the valleys and on the mountains.
For all these reasons, therefore, the student of
European history cannot but regard the Red EM-
PEROR of the Austrians as an usurper on the throne
of Hungary—a prince possessed of one only right to
the sceptre of the Magyars—the right of conquest.
As conqueror, or rather as the ally of a conqueror and
a traitor—the traitor GEORGE!' and the conqueror
PASKEWITCH, the chief of the lieutenants of the
Russian AUTOCRAT—FRANCIS JOSEPH has acquired
the dominion of the land of the Danube. By fraud,
by treachery, by lying and massacre, by pillage and
arson, by cruelty and ferocity, the Red EMPEROR has
pushed forward to the throne of the hero-King ST.
STEPHEN. He has grasped the sceptre, held by so many
noble and august potentates, with a hand incarnadined
by his butcheries ; he has donned the semblance of
the Hungarian diadem while his features are still
reeking with the evil passions, while his whole counte-
nance is still overshadowed with the gloom of his still
unsatisfied vengeance. The dais upon which he has
raised his chair of state is nothing less than the
elevation of the scaffold ; the lictors preceding him as
he‘traverses the country of his invasion are turnkeys
and headsmen : the only benefaction bestowed by him
upon the land just subjected tohis sinister dominion is
that of having enriched its soil with the heart's blood
of its patriotic children. This is the precocious tyrant
before whom the widows of Hungary are required to
bend the knee in homage. The scourger of
women is greeted as prince of chivalry.
With lIAYIAu for his CARRIER and But la
for his Nantes, he expects the evil disposed
among the population to be removed—reaped down
by the blade of the guillotine, beaten down to the
dust by the leaden hail-storms of musketry. If he is
to be viewed as King of HUNGARY, he is King by the
grace of the guillotine! The infamy of his prema-
ture achievements has doomed him to renown
amongst the princes of this generation—but his re-
nown is that of a despot, great only in his atrocities,
As CHARLES ALBERT was the most heroic, as
NICHOLAS is the most inexorable, as FREDERICK
WILLIAM is the most faithless, and as Pius is the
most unfortunate, so is FRANCIS JOSEPH, the Red
Emperor of Austria, the most infamous and detest-
able. Hence it is that in our estimation the period of his
dominion over the Hungarians must prove only marvel-
lously evanescent ; for twelve millions of heroes can-
not be so easily brought under a permanent subjuga-
tion even by the united agencies of perfidy, brute
force, and ruthlessness. The day of retribution
may be delayed, but its ultimate arrival is inevitable.

The approach of Christmas is invariably heralded
by two metropolitan exhibitions of no ordinary in-
terest to agriculturists—the Smithfield Club Show of
fat cattle and farming implements, held at the Bazaar,
King-street, Portman-square; and the annual meet-
ing of sturdy yeomen, at No. 17, Old Bond-street.
These bucolic gatherings ntay be regarded as
affording the best illustrations of the " sayings
and doings " of those engaged in the cultivation
of the soil throughout the entire coun-
try. The one furnishes a practical proof of the
progress of agricultural pursuits, and of the great
improvement that has been effected in the breeding
and fattening of stock, no unimportant part of the
farmer's business. The other shows the feeling en-
tertain6d, by the farmers themselves as to their actual
state and condition. Nothing could be more propi-
tious than the former, or more gloomy than the latter.
Never was there a finer show of stock of every
description, both in quantity and in quality, than at
the bazaar. Oxen and steers, cows and heifers, of the
most approved breeds, long-horned and short-horned,
Ayrshires, Devons, Herefords, and Galloways, were
ranged together in goodly numbers and rich unc-
tuosity, enjoying their short-lived triumphs before
they should go the way of all fat cattle by being
consigned to the butcher's axe, and exciting savoury
anticipations in the minds of epicures, who revelled
in imagination on luscious sirloins or melting
ribs. The sheep pens were not of inferior at- 1
traction. Leicesters and Southdowns, long wools
(not Leicesters) and short wools (not South-
downs), and cross breeds afforded unequivocal
evidence that the taste for mutton has not de-
parted from the shores of merry England, and that
haunch or saddle IN ill still find willing consumers in
the British metropolis. The swine, too, should not
be overlooked or neglected. Every variety of the'
animal which the negro considered the only "real
gentleman " was forthcoming ; while, together

with these, were clod crushers, scarifiers, bruisers,

ploughs, harrows, &c., &e., every implement

in fact that could be required to develop
the ut►nost resources of the laud, and to make the

soil give forth its produce, in luxuriant abundance.
To judge from the entire proceedings, English

yeomen have but little to fear from foreign competition.
Every adjunct that could be required or Wished for
is of easy attainment, and with such means at
their disposal, and the best market in the world at
their very thresholds, the farmers have only them-
selves to blame if they do not reap the legitimate
rewards of their enterprise and industry.

The proceedings et 17, Old 13cnd street, however.
afforded a lamentable contrast to those at King•

street ; the aspects of the one were as dark and
lowering as the other were cheering and auspicious.
We confess that we awaited with some curiosity the
demonstrations that would be made at what may be
considered the central agricultural society of England,
attended by representatives from every district.
The divisions and differences that exist among the
Protectionists have been perceptible to the most
superficial observer. At Bromley, Reigate, and a score
of other localities the complete ruin of the country, and
the utter inutility of any attempts to avert or retard
a general bankruptcy, were loudly proclaimed. No-
thing but an immediate dissolution of Parliament, an
appeal to the country, a total change of the national
policy, and the resuscitation of the principle of ma-
; napoly, when all classes paid tribute to the territo-
rial aristocracy, could avert the decline and fall of
Britain's glory. At Newport Pagnel, on the con-
trary, the assembled farmers, under the guidance
and direction of their eloquent and accomplished repre-
sentative, were 'prepared to direct their exertions for
the attainment of practicable alterations. The aboli-
tion or modification of the local burdens, the estab-
lishment of a real sinking fund, the ways and means
being provided by additional duties on foreign pro-
ductions, would afford :very acceptable and sub-
stantial relief. A still more manly tone was
adopted at the recent meeting at Cirencester; there
was a spirit of self-reliance and confidence worthy of
the utmost praise. The farmers were told in what
manner they might meet the pressure of the times,
with the means at their disposal ; that by employing
additional labour they night, at the same time, in
crease the produce of their lanes and diminish the
poor-rates, and by raising double crops realise better
profits, with wheat at 10/ per load, than formerly
when the same quantity could be sold at 15/.
It remained, then, to be seen which of these sec
tions of the agricultural party would obtain the
majority at the council of the " Society for the
Promotion of Agriculture and British Industry ;"
and among the orators that might subse-
quently address the meeting, there was but
little expectation that the salutary example afforded at
Cirencester would be followed, but some doubts
might be entertained as to the fate of the propositions
submitted by the Hon. Member for Buckinghamshire;
whether, in fact, his leadership of the party would be
accepted or repudiated. That point has been settled.
Mr. DIERAELI'S policy has been effectually rejected
by chairman, council, and members of the society.
It is true that the language of compliment was used
towards the Hon. Gentleman, but the result was no
less decisive. They could not afford to throw over-
board incomparably the most talented member of their
party—the only man qualified to exhibit the
sophisms of Protection in a favourable light. The
sharp blows were, therefore, accompanied by
honeyed words ; he was patted on the head
and called a good boy, while his suggestions
were disposed of in the most summary and uncere-
monious manner by peer and peasant. After such
treatment can Mr. DISRAELI longer remain
among the party ? Can he waste his unques•
tionable powers in favour of such ungrateful and
rebellious followers ? The old distich bath it that
" Who drives fat cattle
Should himself be fat,*

and the Protectionist leader must exhibit a stolidity
and obstinacy suited to the mass. Mr. DISRAELI iS
too keen sighted and intelligent, too acute and
brilliant for the Protectionists. He should abandon
their cause and apply his powerful intellect to
the service of the community in general.
One of the orators (a Mr. STONE) was exceedingly
ira'e at the unceremonious manner in which Dr.
BIiCALAND spoke of the agriculturists, when he
described them as being "stupid as their own oxen."
Whatever might be the opinion of the speaker, we
believe that it is very generally admitted throughout
the country that there is no better judge of " Stones"
of every description than that eminent geologist, and
that his decision on that " brilliant specimen" and his
associates was not so great a mistake as the orator
might fondly suppose.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The debate on the re-imposition of the duty on
potable liquors was resumed in the National Assem-
bly on Thursday, by M. DE MONTALEMBERT, who
spoke in favour of the re-imposition of the tax. At
the conclusion of his speech the debate was again
adjourned.

Previous to the commencement of the adjourned
debate, M. PARtstr, Minister of Public Instruction,
ascended the tribune, and deposited on the table a
project of law on primary instruction. The Govern-
ment, he said, was most anxious to propagate that in-
struction, but it thought that the personnel of the
masters should be speedily reformed. Functionaries
of the State, they owed an account of their mission
to the Minister in whose jurisdiction they were
placed. Übe clauses referring to them had been ex-
tracted from the Bill on secondary instruction which
the Assembly had sent a moath ago to the Council
of State. That examination was nearly termi-
nated, but the time its discussion would require
rendered it imperative for him to submit to the As-
sembly several transitory measures respecting tho,c
masters, which it was urgent to adopt in order to
obviate the evils complained of. One of the articles
provided that the primary master dismissed from the
functions should not be permitted to open a school in
the district where he had exercised them.—(Loud
murmurs on the Left.) Primary instruction is to be
placed under the surveillance of the Prefects,—(Fresh
murmurs on the same side; " And of the gendarmes,"
exclaimed several Members."

Here M. Dupin, addressing the Left, said to them,
"The discussion has not yet commenced, and you are
doing more for the adoption of the Bill then you are
aware of."

" The Prefect," continued the Minister," will choose
the primary instructors from among the laymen or
the members of the religious associations recognized
by the State, after consulting:the Municipal Council
of the district."--(Murmurs on the Left, applause on
the Right. Voices from the Montague--" Vive
Henry V.!" " Vivent lea Jesuites !")
When the Minister bad concluded,
_ _

M. Pascal Duprat combated the immediate discus-
sion of this provisional Bill, and demanded that it be
referred to the Council of State, which, he understood,
had modified the project in the liberal sense of the
Bill prepared by M. Guizot in 1838.
M. Parieu replied that the Council of State had
adopted the principles laid down by the Cabinet, as
the Assembly would perceive in a few days.
After a few words from M. Beaune, the Assembly,
on being consulted, decided the question of the
urgency of the discussion by a very large majority.
A debate then ensued on the mode of disposing of
the Bill. Some proposed to refer it to the former
Committee on Public Instruction, and others to the
bureaux.

M. Bourzat moved that it be referred to the Pope.
—(Laughter.)
After hearing MM. Lherbette, Parieu, and St.
Hilaire, the Assembly referred the Bill to the former
Committee.

The Moniteur contradicts the rumour that was cir-
culated on Thursday in the Asst mbly, of M.M. FER-
DINAND BARROT and Dumas being about to quit the
Ministry.
The Evenensent says—" In consequence of the
experiment made on the 11 th by the committee cf
the Boulogne itailroad, the Minister of Finances has
resolved to send an inspector of finances to Boulogne
and Calais, to ascertain the means of accelerating the
mail service between France and England."
The Constitutionnel announces the appointment of
M. DE PERSIGNY as Minister to Berlin, and of General
CASTELBAJAC as Minister to St. Petersburgh.
General lIERBELLON has sent three standards, taken
at Zaatcha, to Paris. They are to be deposited in the
Church of the Invalides.

A grand dinner was given on Wednesday to Colonel
FORESTIER, in honour of his acquittal by the High Court
of Versailles, and a sword of honour was presented
to him. During the dinner a commissary of police
presented himself, and announced, in the name of the
Prefect, that he would not suffer any speeches of a
political kind to be delivered. The persons present
submitted, after having protested against the act of
the authorities.

The Moniteur denounces as calumnious an accusa-
tion by the National against M, DUCHATZL, of having

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