The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-04 00:00:00

more than insinuated that the certificate system, by —Paris andßo•aee, 213/4—Rouen-,,and vivre, to—Sumbre
which "two skilful persons" are enabled to incarce-
and' Meuse, ,
rate any one of their fellow-subjects, was, if not per-
fection, a very near approach to it ; now the
LORD CHANCELLOR himself denounces the system as ,
,
one requiring immediate alteration, and, as was stated 1.11 /4.. f N it. S r rIL A. L4I:".
by one of the speakers at the late meeting at Exeter
Hall, it was the unfortunate illness of the LORD
CHANCELLOR which alone prevented a measure for the
reform of lunacy laws from being brought forward
last session. Three years ago Lord DENMAN
refused to inquire into the merits of cases of
alleged lunatics brought before him by habeas
corpus, or to look beyond the certificate of " two
skilful persons," or to at all interfere to compel
the Commissioners to do their duty. Now the
LORD CHIEF BARON, from the judgment-seat, tells
the Commissioners that it is their duty to discharge
all persons confined as alleged lunatics, who are not
dangerous to themselves or to others. Two years
since the inspection by magistrates was a "sham," now
in one county at least (thanks to the enlightened and
energetic humanity of Mr. PURNELL) it is a reality,
and lunatic asylum keepers have learned to their
cost that they must obey the law; but, above.
afl, and in this we rejoice the most, it is
now admitted by every one who has paid
any attention to the subject, by the com-
mittee of the Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society,
by the committee of the Society for the
Amendment of the Law, and by Mr. Pua-
NELL and the Gloucestershire magistrates, that
there can be no safety for the liberty of the
subject unless some public inquiry shall be instituted
in every case of alleged lunacy previous to incarcera-
tion. When we first drew the public attention to
this subject we", contended that the public safety
absolutely required the institution of a public
preliminary inquiry in all such cases, and it is grati-
fying the matter.
finde
wthiatthalulswhino hthaivse
vsiinewce studied the sub-
this great cause on the progress which it has made.
ji:Cyecointrdgeioatilonlye do we congratulate our fellow-labourers in
id
We would urge the humane not to relax one jot in
their efforts ; let the recess be passed in endeavouring
to indoctrinate the public mind in the provinces ;
above all, let no efforts be spared to procure signa-
tures to the petition, and we shall then, in the ensuing
session, ensure the passing of a large measure of
reform.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The PRESIDENT of the Republic returned to Paris
on Thursday. His reception during the course of his
tour has been such as to disabuse the minds of those
Who fondly imagined that the people of France either
disliked or were indifferent to the Republic. Not-
withstanding the efforts of MM. DE FALLoux and
LACROSSE, and of General RULHIERES, who set the
example of crying " Vive NAPOLEON !" the prevailing
cries of the people and of the National Guard were
" Vive ! le PRESIDENT !" " Vive ! la Republique 1"
At Saumur the Mayor proposed as a toast at the fete
" the health of the President Louis NAPOLEON," but
there were immediate cries of "BONAPARTE," and the
Mayor was obliged to add the word. The greater
number of the guests at this dinner were military
men. The PRESIDENT throughout his journey did
everything in his power to conciliate the Legitimatists,
and he in some instances went beyond the bounds of
prudence in his endeavours to do so, as witness the
following speech which he made at Nantes :
" The journey which I have undertaken to come
amongst you will be deeply engraven on my heart, for
it has been fertile in souvenirs and in hopes. It has not
been without emotion that I have seen this fine river, be-
hind which the last glorious battalions of our grand
army took refuge; it was not without emotion that I
stood with respect before the tomb of Bonchamps; it is
not without emotion that seated in the midst of Sou, I
see before me the statue' of Cambrone—(lmmense ap-
plause.) All these souvenirs, so nobly appreciated by
you, prove to me that if the fates willed it we should
again be greet in arms. But there is another glory quite
as great, which is to pm vent all civi land all foreign war,
and to become great by a progressive development of
our industry ar dof our commerce. Behold this forest
of masts which linguish in your port; they await but
the return of confidence to carry to the end of the world
the products of our civilisation. Let us be united, let us
forget all causes of dissension, let us be devoted to order
and to the great interests of our country, and soon we
shall become a great nation through the arts, industry,
and commerce. The city of Nantes, which receives me
so cordially to-day, is deeply interested in this question,
for it is destined from its position to attain the highest
degree of prosperity. I drink, then, to the city of Nantes,
and to its commercial prosperity."
Seeing that BONCHAMPS was a Monarchical Gene-
ral, who was killed in rebellion against the Govern-
' tnent of the Republic in 1793, a pilgrimage to his
tomb by the PRESIDENT of the Republic is somewhat
unusual, to say the least, and this speech contrasts
I strongly with the speech at Ham, seeing that BON..
CHA MPS was in arms to upset an established
Government.
The arrival of M. D'HARCOURT in Paris is in con-
sequence of the differences which have arisen among
the French diplomatists at Gaeta, as to the terms on
which the POPE ought to return to his capital. M.
DE CORCELLES thinks that he ought to return free
and unshackled; M. D'HARCOURT, that he ought to
give guarantees to the people that he will not restore
the abuses of the former regime; and M. DE RAT-
NEVAL, that the whole affiiir has been mismanaged
because terms were not made with the PorE before
the bombardment of the city, and he does not agree
with his two colleagues as to the means of getting out
of the difficulty.
The ilfoniteur announces that M. DE KisseLerr,
the Russian Charge d'Affaires, has presented a letter
to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, notifying on the
part of the Emperor of RUSSIA to the President of
the Republic the death of the Grand Duchess ALL'.
ANDER ALEXANDRINA, the daughter of the Grand-
Duke ALEXANDER NICOLAWITCII. The same official
journal publishes an address from M. DUFAURE, the
Minister of the Interior, to the Prefects, apprising
them of the promulgation of the law on the press, and
requesting them to take measures to enforce its pro-
visions in their respective jurisdictions.
The Journal des Debate, with reference to the re-
fusal of the Austrian Government to grant an am-
nesty to the Lombards,
rotuthhbeetEnglish
to ef
rsaysma nsatahtt
termination
tnfoatvhcoetferontrFhymre ee
arrangement
reet
rg,l
conoCt
ginaaetbtimini
oneunenest
st:
in
ntns
and there
neooffini
sc wensiotfhod
being come to.

Admiral TREHOUART has offered an asylum in
Corsica to those Roman refugees who had been refused
permission to land at Malta.
The Prase has the -following on the affairs of
Rome :

" M. d'Harcourt has arrived in Paris, and has thrown
the Government into consternation. M. d'Harcourt,
who certainly csnnot be accused of being a Revolutionist,
complains bitterly of the conduct adopted towards him
by ttie Absolutists party, which bits become more power-
ful and intractable than ever. He particularly complains
of being thwarted by M. tie Corcelles and General On-
(hoot, who openly take part with the adversaries of
French influence. That influence has completely disap-
peared and France will be henceforward phictd in the
impossibility of doing honour to the promise so solemnly
given by M. Barret in the tribune. Absolutism is tri-
umphant. The expedition will not be worthily com-
pleted until the day when our soldiers shall assist, mute
and desolate, at the execution of the Roman patriots.
Patience—the day will come. The Government, which
begins to see the infallible results of its unpardonable
tolly, now deliberates on the means of ameliorating the
untenable position which it has assumed at Gaeta and at
Rome. In despair it has drcided that M. de Falloux
and M. de Montalembert shall write to the Pope, pray-
ing him to soften as much as possible the difficulties of
the state of affairs."

The Moniteur publishes the following official ac-
count of the PRESIDENT'S tour :

ti .6 It M A N )i

AND

A USTRIA AN]) HUNGARY.

The ITolnische Zeitung etn:tains the following state-
ment :

" Our correspondent at Vienna, in a communication
of the date of July 28, states. "I'emeswar, has been
eon:TWA dto surrender to the Hungarians.' This intel-
ligence> reached us thri.ugh a good source. We give it,
however, with the res-rvation with which we believe we
aro bound to regard all news fr...m Hungary.
lit was. however, known to us that the aque-
duct with which the fortress was supplied
-with water had been destroyed by the Hun-
garians. The fall of this imporant place, after the de-
had
Austrian teri pined mietiner iu which it has been teltieged, does not
surprise us. Two other arti&es of news which we have
rec -ived from the same source are not of Less importance.
' The Hungarians have entere.i Semlin, and Prince
Paskewitch has been atecked by Dembinski
near Gyongyos: The possession of Semlin gives
tea the Hungarians the whole line of the Danube
from Essegg to Orsova, and they thus can open commu-
nications by the nearest road to Turkey, and, if neces-
sary, with the friendly city of Belgrade. French letters
have been received some days ago, which announce that
Belgrade, owing to a want of confidence in
ibtfa le
d a nothingjuew
dass w e
the Semlin dealers had packed up their goods, and had
s , i
.otrrian Government. and with a feeling that they
to fear from the Hungarians. In the course
(
shall receive positive intelligence as to
-the fate of this city. With respect to the defeat of the
:Russians near Gyongyos we shall not so soon receive
the particulars."
Of the fact of their defeat, however, there can be
mo doubt. The Imperialists themselves admit that
the position of PASKEWITCEI is one of great danger,
he is completely cut off from the basis
of his operations, his magazines are in the
the hands of GEORGEY and DEMBINSKI,
'and the cholera is decimating his troops. HAYNAU
has, it is said, been obliged to leave JELLACIIICH to
his fate in order to proceed to the assistance of
PASKEWITCH•

It is said that Auncu has suddenly appeared with
a large_force at Dotes, between Comorn and Pesth,
and placed himself between the two chief Austrian
divisions. It was known that Aumcir was in the
neighbourhood of the Platten Lake, where he had
collected large masses of the country people, but it
was not supposed at Vienna that he could assume the
offensive in so bold a manner, as appears to have been
the case.

No passports were allowed, according to the last
accounts, at Presburg to go to Raab, so that it
would seem that the communication between those
towns had' been cut off by the Hungarians under
AULICII.

" The President of the Republic has just passed
through some of the principal departments of the West.
In his rapid excursion he has visited Orleans, Blois,
Tours, Saumer, Angers, Nantes, and in all these towns
he has been received by the population with the most
lively marks of attachment, both to the Republic and to
himself personally. This journey, represented a few
days since as a prelude to an approaching revolution of
the Constitution, gives, on the contrary, the most striking
contradiction to the absurd reports with which public
opinion had been excited. The President of the Republic
has had several occasions of uttering sentiments which
will have a happy re-echo throughout the country,
and will cause the disappearance of that uneasiness
which disgraceful manoeuvres have disseminated. It
is impossible to prevent a bitter feeling against
men who, speculating on public anxiety, invent and
propagate reports of imaginary conspiracies, and seem
in a manner to have a mission to watch for the slightest
symptom of a return of public confidence, in order to
destroy it in the bud. This disloyal tactic is not a new
one ; the history of the last 18 months furnishes us with
multiplied examples. All the world knows that the
event hidden under the words coup d'etat would be the
signal for civil war in fifty of our departments and
bring about a frightful anarchy, in which the fortune of
France will perhaps be thrown into the abyss, while
there are nevertheless men who would not hesitate to
agitate ideas for the most detestable of purposes before
the eyes of the country, which, only wishing for repose,
too readily believes what might compromise it for ever.
epassion ; these are weapons the use
oevery
law of honour and
morality. The men who thus make a stake of the
lfliwshiischnoitspofolirtbiciiladin by
tranquillity and prosperity of France are
repudiated by
every honest man ; they are the lost children of intrigue,
and language has no terms sufficiently strong to properly
characterise them."
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
• LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, AUGOT 3.
-Luzimbourg, 2 az in.—Orleana and Bourdeaux,