The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-23 00:00:00

THE WOOL MARKET.

LEEDS. —No material alteration has taken place in our
cloth-hall since our last report ;as the season gets more ad-
vanced it has always had the effect of slackening the demand.
A fair stroke of business, however, is now doing, and prices,
both in wool and cloth, remain firm.
BRADFORD. —There has been during the week very few
sales in the wool market, but prices have not varied since our
last. The staplers, however, think that prices are at the
worst, and evince no great desire to sell at the present prices.
There was a good demand for yarn at old prices. This de-
mand, as we stated last week, is not for the Bradford trade,
but for other branches of manufacture. The piece-market
was again very dull, we think more so than last week. The
manufacturers are in an awkward position when the price of
yarn and that of manufactured goods is considered ; they can-
not sell with a remunerating profit, and they dare not, with
the present prospect before them, accumulate stock.

. _
'MANCHESTER. —There was rather more demand for yarn
yesterday, the very low prices having caused some speculative
inquiry ; but no advance of price was obtained. The facto-
ries mentioned in our last all commenced working short time
on Monday. There is still a fair demand for goods. The
country trade is in a very sound and healthy condition, and
some tolerably large orders are understood to have been re-
ceived by the late packets from the United States.

LEICESTER. —The demand for the home trade is pretty
pctive. There is also a con iderable business doing in the
fancy trade, particularly in the new article of ladies' worsted
shawls. Yarn remains without alteration in price. Wool is
firm, with more doing in lower sorts of wethers. Skin-comb-
ing is very scarce, and comparatively dear. Farmer's lots
range from 365. to 395. and 40s.
ROCHDALE.—In the flannel-market we have had a fair ave-
rage to-day, and the demand for low good continues brisk.
Prices have undergone little change ; perhaps in some in-
stances a small advance may have been obtained, but it has not
been general. Wool remains steady, and prices firm.

IMPROVED PRISON DISCIPLINE.-At the quarter
sessions for the eastern division of Sussex last week, a conver-
sation took place relative to a recommendation of the previous
sessions, that every prisoner would be allowed to wear a linen
mask, to be provided by the gaoler. Mr. Donovan opposed
the plan, which he thought would take away from punishment
one of its greatest stings, and throw over the proceedings an
air of ridicule, which would turn the whole into burlesque.
Mr. Hazlewood was in favour of the mask ; for many a pri-
soner who had formed a determination to amend his life would,
if not allowed to cover his face, be liable to be recognised by
some of his fellow-prisoners, in consequence of which his reso-
lution of amendment would be rendered nugatory. Finally it
was agreed that application should be made to the Home So-
cretary, requesting that he would grant permission to use the
linen mask in the gaol.—Sussex Paper.
EAST CUMBERLAND REGISTER.—The Carlisle
(Conservative) Patriot states that the Conservatives have
gained 54, and that there is but little doubt that East Cum-
berland will return two Tories next Summer.

THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER.—We are gratified to
recognize no desire to stifle the sentiments of the Chartists ;
most of the newspapers in the country, we see, either have al-
ready opened, or are about opening, their columns for the re-
ception of the People's Charter. The document, as our
readers know, is intituled " An Act to provide for the just Re-
presentation of the People of Great Britain and Ireland, in
the Commons' House of Parliament."

BITUMINOUS COAL.—An immense fossil tree,
supposed to have been, when growing, as much as twelve or
fifteen feet in diameter, has been recently discovered embedded
in the cliff of Gilsland Spa. Vast blocks of pineal fossil re-
main, obviously detached from the cliffs above them, infe-
rentially point out their original situation, and now lie strewed
about in the bed of the Irthing, both above and below the shed
at the foot of a walk. These fossil remains rest embalmed,
as it were, in a shell of the finest coal, in which the outline of
the bark is distinctly preserved; whilst the fibrous part of the
fossil tree, by some law of pressure and decay, has given place
to the presence of sand stone. A few specimens which are
found yet retain figures similar to younger branches and
shoots of Norway pine, exhibiting the bark in perfect
coally matter of the finest quality, demonstrating the pressure
of bitumen in pine to the place of its bark, and also proving
that the material of coal is chiefly composed of drifted forests
of pine, in which all the former traces of a tree are decayed
and gone, except the shivery appearances of the compressed
bark, which now partly forms the substance of coal. It is so
far shown that the material of coal may be attributed to com-
pressed resinous products belonging to the vegetable kingdom,
whether grown in tropical or frigid regions, and that even a
low state of combustion is unnecessary to the formation of bi-
tuminous coal, as shown by the uncommon purity of that in
which these fossil remains lie embedded--decay of the woody
fibre and pressure being the main agents required.—Carlisle
Patriot.

OWENISM.—Mr. Owen is lecturing away vigo-
rously. We see by the Gateshead Observer that the exposi•
tion of his "new view" and most Elysian prospects was re•
ceived there by about 700 persons with marked attention. Mr.
Owen departed for Birmingham to attend a special congress
summoned to consider the necessary arrangements for corn
mencing immediately practical operations on the land pur•
chased at Wretton, in Norfolk.

TRACHEOTOMY.—Mr. Holmes was called to at-
tend a valuable horse which he found labouring under great
depression of breathing, accompanied with foaming of the
mouth, &c., occasioned by a ball having been forced into the
fauces, instead of down the throat, and he appeared to be ra-
pidly sinking under the severity of his sufferings. After a
minute examination, having failed to discover the ball, which
he believed to be at the origin of the trachea and cesophagus,
and not being able to introduce the probang with safety from
the irritable action going on, Mr. Holmes opened the trachea,
and inserted a tube, through which the horse breathed without
difficulty. A short interval having elapsed, he introduced the
probang into the throat, but met with great obstruction at the
top of the cesophagus. Several unsuccessful attempts were
made to remove the ball, in which he at last succeeded ; and
after waiting some time, he bled him freely and administered
an aperient. The symptoms continuing very alarming, and
the pulse at 100, he repeated the bleeding, and gave doses of
opium and digitalis every three hours. This produced an
astonishing effect in allaying the irritation:under which the poor
animal had suffered so long ; and at the expiration of eighteen
hours all the dangerous symptoms had disappeared, the horse
gradually recovered the wound' quickly healed, and he is now
as fresh and vigorous as ever he was.—Gateshead Observer.

The complaints against the exorbitant charges on
the London and Birmingham line, the total disregard of re-
gulations as to the convenience of passengers, and the fre-
quent instances of impertinence in the Company's servants,
are daily increasing.— Warwick Advertiser.
PRECURSOR SOCIETY.—We perceive, from a let-
ter in the Irish papers, that Mr. O'Connell has proposed a
new constitution for the " Precursor Society." Formerly,
every man who became a member of that Association pledged
himself to agitate for a Repeal of the Union, provided the for-
midable list of grievances put forward were not all redressed
during next Session. As this was more than could be ex-
pected from the most combined and vigorous movement on the
part of the people, it was, of course, tantamount to an imme-
diate declaration in favour of Repeal, and necessarily excluded
all who were opposed to such an alternative. This error Mr.
O'Connell has now discovered ; and in order that the Society
may embrace, if possible, the whole Liberal strength of the
country, he has resolved to sink for the present his favourite
question of Repeal. In this, we think, he has acted wisely.
His object is to make one grand experiment, in order to ascer-
tain whether "justice to Ireland" can, uncle! any circum-
stances, be obtained from the United Parliament; and how
could this question be fairly tried unless all shades of Re-
formers, Repealers and Anti- Repealers, were united in urging
the demand? In three weeks Mr. O'Connell is again to be
at work in Dublin ; and we have no doubt that, with his emi-
nent qualities as a leader, a union will be formed amongst
Irishmen, the moral influence of which will, if wisely directed,
be irresistible. —Scotsman.

The (Cork) Southern Reporter re-echoing Mr.
O'Connell's complaining cry of a want of sympathy towards
the Irish in the great majority of Englishmen falls foul of old
England, calling her people apathetic, selfish, ungrateful ; and
laying to their charge jealousy, hostility, and, worse than all,
accusing us (not the " Irish chiefs") with the abandonment of
the Appropriation principle. We copy a few of the compli-
ments presented from Cork, not for comment, but curiosity's
sake :—" It is from England that formidable opposition is to
be expected. Of Tory enmity we could hope for no relaxa-
tion, for the principle that cements the party is hatred to
Ireland—from the English Radicals we can look for no assist-
ance, for justice to Ireland involves equality with themselves.
Hence the singular coalition that has taken place between the
Tory and Radical Press in their opinions in reference to this
country. Because Lord John Russell has offended the English
Radicals, by his puerile declaration of hostility against the Bal-
lot, which was surpassed by the Duke of Wellington's cele-
brated avowal only in the rapidity and importance of the results
it produced, Irish interests are, therefore, to be thrown over-
board," &c. &c. " The Appropriation principle would
have been a glorious feature in any tithe arrangement,
if it could have been carried and made immediately
applicable in its operation ; but who were the parties
that practically defeated this principle ? The Radicals of
England. Where were they in the hour of trial, when the
elections were going on? What became of their boasted
power in effectually advancing their own opinions ? Where
was there sympathy for Ireland ? We sent a large majority
for the Appropriation clause. England returned a larger
majority against it,
and yet O'Connell is to be maligned for
the imputed temporary abandonment of the principle by the
very parties who were either directly or indirectly instrumental
in its defeat. Selfishness is the passion which gives an im-
pulse to human exertion, and leads thereby to wealth and
distinction ; but it often carries with it the sin of ingratitude.
Selfishness is one of the characteristics of England. From
this feeling has Ireland been abandoned. While we were
fighting England's battles we were cheered on in the contest,
whether the struggle was in the field or in the Senate ; but
when the victory was won, Ireland and her rights were for-
gotten. Our representatives carried England's Reform and
Municipal Acts;—they supported every measure tending to
the enlargement of her rights or to the extension of her pro-
sperity ; and yet see the return we have received. English
apathy has turned into almost active hostility. Our own
exertions are ridiculed, and O'Connell, because he happens
to repreient the feelings and opinions of the Irish nation,
as much by the Rad,cal as the Tory Press, 1,-;to,ith-
standing the services he has rendered to their cause by his
able advocacy of their principles."