The Sun.
London, England, 1849-07-06 00:00:00

THE SAN,

working classes, the deficiency is still more remark- I
able. The decrease on the quarter amounts to
453,2011., and there is also a falling off on the year
of 66,3201., which would have been much greater,
but for the transfer of the carriage and other duties, to
which we have already directed the public attention,
from the department of Stamps to the Excise.
A portion of the quarter's deficiency may, how-
ever, be explained by the fact that the Chancellor of
the Exchequer has consented to the postponement of
the collection of certain hop duties, amounting in all
to 180,0001., in consequence of the distress and diffi-
culties experienced in the hop-growing districts, and
the great loss sustained by the cultivators. The malt
duties also exhibit a considerable deficiency, in conse-
quence of the partial failure and inferior quality of

but the chief claim here put forward by the Quar-
terly is for the influence of property. It might be
inferred, from the reasoning of this article, that if
one man, by purchase or inheritance, or any other
means, became possessed :of all the landed property
of the kingdom, that one man should legally have a
more powerful voice in the government of the coun-
try than all the other inhabitants of the kingdom put
together. Of course! because the influence of numbers
is ridiculous. With such notions floating through
his brain, the gloomy visions conjured up by the
Quarterly Reviewer will have little effect in damping
the ardour or diminishing the exertions of the real
friends of Democracy.

the barley last harvest.
A reasonable indulgence has also been afforded to
distiller=, by permitting them to postpone payment of
certain spirit duties until the spirits are entered for
consumption. The receipt of about 20,0001. has
therefore only been deferred, and will not be alto•

gether lost to the revenue.
The remaining branches of the ordinary revenue,
however, exhibit a more satisfactory appearance.
There are improvements to be found in all
on the quarter, and (with the exception of
Stamps and Property-tax), on the year also.
The increase on Stamps for the quarter amounts to
62.0571., indicating greater activity in our home
trade. The falling off in the year under this head
amounts to 345,7001., which may, however, be ex-

plained by the transfer of the carriage duties, to
which we adverted when speaking of the Excise.

Taxes show an increase both on the year and
quarter—on the former of 32,7971., on the latter of
20,597/. In the Property-tax there is an increase on
the quarter of 44,839/, but a deficiency on the year
of 49,170/. This is, perhaps, the most important
item in the national balance-sheet, next to the
Customs and Excise ; for as the Customs indicate the
state of our foreign trade, and the Excise the con-
&ion of the working classes, so the Property-
otax may be regarded as the best test
lasses, the
theo
repsrsoisopneLi tiny
en,
enjoyn
n s traders,
u'endufabeytutrheers,mmidedrclehac
prnd others. The incomes of the aristocracy are
seldom much affected by the vicissitudes of the times;
they receive pretty nearly the same amount whatever
may be the condition of the country. The labouring
classes are also excluded, for few, indeed, we regret
to say, can realise profits to the amount of 1501. per
annum. The increase or deficiency will, therefore,
represent the gains of the middle classes, and an im-
provement of 44,8391. will exhibit an improvement
amounting to nearly 6,000,0001. sterling per annum
in their profits. The Post-office, thanks to the inde-
fatigable exertions of Mr. ROWLAND HILL, and
the judicious alterations effected under his auspices,
shows an improvement on the year of 62,0001., and
on the quarter of no less than 60,0001. This very
satisfactory result proves how efficiently the authori-
ties have discharged their duties in that important
department, more especially as, in addition to the
improvement in the revenue, many additional facilities
and increased accommodations have been afforded to
the public.
In the Crown Lands there has been an increase
on the year of 59,0001., and on the quarter of 30,0001.
This item may, however, be very materially im-
proved by a due attention to the ma-
nagement. The Honourable Member for Glas-
gow has pointed out in his admirable letter to his
constituents that 500,0001. per annum might easily
be realised from this source. In the Miscellaneous
there is an increase for the year of 54,158/., and on
the quarter of 60,9131. The above items comprise
the whole of the ordinary revenues of the country,
and it will be seen that there is a falling off on the
quarter of nearly 494,0001.
In the extraordinary revenue there is a de-
crease under the bead of Imprest and other
Moneys of 58,725/., and an increase on the Repay-
ments of Advances of 84,028/., showing an improve-
ment in the extraordinary revenue of 25,3031. There
is no other point calling for any particular notice.
The above observations will show that while there is
yet a hope of better times, the utmost attention
must be devoted by the Minister of Finance to the
" state and condition of the country."

Oppressed by many grievous reminiscences, and
yet more grievous forebodings, the Quarterly Review
has considered the subject of Democracy. "We
regret to say," such is the final sentence of this most
melancholy article, " that we never concluded a re-
view of the state of our own country, or of Europe,
with less of comfort fur the present, less of confidence
for the future, or with a greater perplexity as to the
probable solution of the complicated difficulties that
are gathering round the British Monarchy." These
gloomy reflections have apparently been occasioned,
in part by a perusalof M. GUIZOT'S recent pamphlet, in
part by a consideration of the adoption of universal
suffrage in France, and in part, and more especially,
by a recollection of the great triumph of the
Anti-Corn-law League, and the fearful precedent
which that triumph holds forth. But, not-
withstanding the intolerant spirit of the re-
viewer, he occasionally, and with the utmost
naiveté, makes use of expressions so much at variance
with the principles he is laying down, that we are
again and again tempted to exclaim with GEATIANO,
"I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word 1"
For example—" Has not agitation," asks the re-
viewer, " become a kind of chronic fever among us
of the same kind as that which assumes an acute
character in France under the form of emeutes? They
are both," he goes on, " the heavings of the demo-
cratic deep," but—and let the distinction be well
remarked—"our better formed ship and more ex
perienced crew still manage to keep the sea in com-
parative safety, while our neighbours, less practised
in the exercise of popular rights, are on the breakers.
Let us endeavour to profit by their experience, and
let us hope that we in return may hold out to them
the signal of a safer course." To which aspira-
tion we most heartily respond. Free as the French
people are at the present moment, they are as
the reviewer justly remarks, " less exercised
than ourselves in the practice of popular rights,"
which circumstance is at once the cause and the pal-
liation of those errors and excesses on which this '
same writer here lays such great stress. Often since
the dawning of the revolution of 1848 —when the
vicissitudes of time and human fallibility have failed
to realise the bright prospects then held forth, when
the enthusiasm of many once ardent hearts has grown
cold, and others, like liscanx.av, have imagined
that the preservation of civilization might
require the extinction of liberty—how often
have we had occasion to remind the lovers
of Democracy of the truth of the old
adage, " Rome was not built in a day." Continental
nations, like even France herself, are, as the
Quarterly has just told us, less practised in the ex-
ercise of popular rights than ourselves. Time, and
the sterner teaching of 'experience must develope
their latent capabilities and discipline—their im-
mature yearnings for the possesion of constitutional
freedom, which possession once acquired, and
rightly made use of, will lead the way to all other
civil blessings. This fact, namely, the progressive
nature of constitutional privileges, is also
corroborated by this very article in the Quarterly,
where, in coinciding with an opinion expressed many
years back by Sir R. PEEL, that, bad as the Re-
form Bill was, and in principle is, it is the duty, and
indeed the only hope, of the Conservative interest to
endeavour to support and maintain it—even against
its authors, though," very wisely observes the writer,
"we cannot venture to:promise a successful resistance
to a principle of progressive force, that vises acquirit
eundo:' Such a promise would be indeed a delusion.
When the sluice gates are once opened
liken manner, despite the arguments the waters of
t.he long pent-up torrent rush forth irre.istibly, and
and the lamentations of f of N. GUIZOT
quarterlyhas
a already reviewers, the
spirit of Democracy which
power so triumphantly, will,strength as it
proceeds, ere long reign universally
acquiring asserted its
paramount. As
an evidence of the triumph of Democracy,
universal
suffrage is especially abhorrent in the mversal
eyes of the
Quarterly. Quoting the authority of Bums in
disparagement of abstract principles, it proceeds very
determinately to condemn the idea of numbers
having any influence in the formation of a Govern-
ment. Arguments advocating the superior claims of
the intellectual and educated classes may appear very
plausible (and to acertain extent we agree with them),

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 30th ult. have arrived.
The contents are unimportant.
MADRID BOLSA, JUNE 30.—The funds were well
maintained, the Three per' Cents. being 26 9-16
paper ; the Fives 10 paper. Exchange on London,
50 45 money.

GERMANY

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

FRANKFORT AND BADEN.

The Frankfort Gazette publishes the objections of
the Hanoverian Commissioners to the Constitution
promulgated by Prussia, Hanover, and Saxony.
They state that the German Constitution cannot be
settled, nor can the German Diet be convoked with•
out the consent of Austria. Seeing that Austria is
now, and must ever continue to be, neither more nor
less than a Russian province, we can only regard
these attempts to make use of her name as endea-
vours on the part of the German Princes to dena-
tionalize themselves end Russianise the whole of
Germany.
The same journal has intelligence from Carlsruhe
of the 2d instant. The head-quarters of the Prince
of PTahuesesnutrywere at 005 on the Ist, which the corps
of General PEUCKER had taken. The insurgents
havepllpaaret
triorrnei
retired
oiapricaaGdri part
Kehly
s themselvestei
on f
eEn a. stAdt, and in
against the roifghtthe
eirnnt
sob
atoll! vaanldleyofofuathdeen,Maunrdg,ththeemotteereui;
gents, while their front i
flank
krps of General PEI:JOKER, by
ssnednstahgeedrebayr
tohfetFheruisnosiaunr;

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.
The Wiener Zeitung publishes the following offi-
cial bulletin announcing the capture of Raab :
" ARMY BULLETIN.
" On the 28th of June the Ist and 3d divisions of the
army, with the reserve, left their positions to commence
operations against Raab, whilst the Russian division,
commanded by Lieutenant General Panjutine, and the
cavalry brigade of General Bschthold were placed in re-
serve near Leyden and Scevenyhaza.
I " Whilst Lieutenant. General Sehlick advanced with
TI l) FR INCH REPUBLIC . '
thee Ipstrasdsiavgiseioonf b et,h oict ke•btertistszs, t oGweanredrse ANbld,eail
itgoe
mfourtche
with the corps of reserve and Beriedik'a brigade en
We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
the Legislature Assembly the authorisation for avant-garde, had advanced by Tuese and Lesvar on the
I-ileft back of the Rabnitz, driving back the enemy into
the prosecution of M. BAUNE was, in accordance with " The enemy stationed near the bridge of the Abdas
the recommendation of the Colimittee, refused, not- I thus found itself threatened in the rear; they set fire to
1 Raab.
withstanding the efforts of M. Gitsaspix, who ap- the bridge, and were compelled to withdraw their artil-
pears to be. ambitious of becoming the FouQuan l ler from the entrenchments, so that our troops were
'enabledY to throw a bridge over the Rabnitz, and take
TIIIVILLE of the " White Terrorists" to engage the possession of the eutrenchments on the opposite bank.
Assembly to deliver up his colleague to the tender " The two divisions of the army then marched toge-
mercies of the reactionaries. The following is his ts of Mate behind which
I the enemy had withdrawn, and where it made an obsti-
speech on this occasion—a speech, the wickedness of I
nate resistance. This attack, executed under the eyes
they to attack the entrenchments
which is only equalled by its absurdity : j of his Majesty with brilliant bravery and most admir-
Grandin was certainly anxious about the fate of able order and precision, was completely successful,
his colleagues against whom the authorisation to prose.. which is to be attributed partly to the circumstance that
cute was demanded, but he was also just as much occu- t the enemy was at the same time menaced by the 3d
pied with the situation of the country. " What has ; division and Schneider's brigade, which were advancing
taken place," said the Honourable Representative, i against its left wing. The enemy was compelled to
"ought not to be forgotten. We have had a May 15, a abandon Raab, and retired in the direction of Acs; the
June 28, and we were on the point, no matter how the Imperial troops followed in pursuit, and captured two
matter have been denied, of having a January 29. Thet guns.
29th of January was, in fact, denied, as on June 11 the "On the 27,h, the 3d division and Gertner's brigade
disorders which I predicted for the 13th were laughed bad crossed the Raab, the former at Arptis, the latter
at. When I came forward on that day to declare at Marzalto. Schneider's brigade effected a passage ou
that the factions were in their dens—(Loud interruption i the 29th near Bodonyhely. The latter brigade came up
on the Left)—l say were in their dens, loud laughter with the enemy near Cronok, which it took by storm,
greeted my assertion, and yet the 13th of June came.— • putting the enemy's cavalry and batteries to flight; or,
(Movement.) Well, then, now you will again laugh, \ this occasion the three divisions of the regiment of Hen-
tor I announce to you that another day is in preparation. lane Emperor' gloriously distinguished themselves by
—(Laughter on the Left.) I should be glad to hear 5 feats of bravery.
something which would allow me to look for peace and " A mortar and a powder cart were taken from the
order for my country; but I must confess that I heard j enemy.
nothing from these gentlemen (the Left) to quiet my i " Tee main body of this division, under the orders 4'fapprehensions. With respect to M. Bantle, what I I General Moltke, on its march from Thet to Tenego, had
want to learn from the Committee is this—did he or did t to sus•ain a fierce battle near Szemere, which resulted in
he not go to the Conservatoire ? Does he or does he the precipitate retreat of the enemy. •
not deny appending his name to the proclamation call- I "Ad the troops, animated by the bravery and skill of
ing to arms ?—(Hear, bear.) When I have received a their commanders, gave admirable proofs of courage and
categorical answer on these points, I shell know how to perse_ver ince.
give my vote. " Our loss has not been considerable, when the result
To this speech M. E. BAEIiAULT replied as fol. is considered. Gerstner's brigade suffered most consi-
lows
derably, having to c:
Ile said tint the cenclusions of the Committee were ! nterel against such superior num-
nd bees near Thatszi; this brigade has to deplere the loss of
favourable to the acquittal of one of their colleagues, a
200 men, killed and woucchd, amongst whom were many
yet it was now wished to return back on that decision. officers.
He called on the Government to pacify the country, and "As yet our troops have taken three guns and some
to remove the causes of civil war. The best means to ammunition-waggons from the enemy. A detailed list
effect that was to promote the welfare of those who were 1 of kill d and wounded, with the names of the , ffieers and
suffering. (Cries of " Question.") The majority men that have most distinguished themselvi s, will be
wished for severity. He would remind it of the words published when the detailed reports have anise d.
of General Cavaignec to M. Pierre Leroux:—„ If liberty (Signed) " FoLum, Lieut.-General.
ever perishes in France, it will be by your exaggerations , " Vienna. 30'11 June, 1849."
and fury." He would address Hon. Gentlemen on the General LUDERS left Bucharest on the 16th ult.,
Right, and say :—"lf the Government should ever perish for Transylvania.
in France, it will be by your exaggerations and your The Hungarians are, according to the Austrian
fury." r accounts, withdrawing across the Theiss. All the
It would be well for France if the Government bridges across the Weag have been destroyed.
would adopt the advice of M. E. BARRAULT. The The Wiener Zeitung of the 30th ult. contains the
prosecution of another Member of the Left, M. report of the Minister of Finance relative to the best
RONJAY, was authorised by a majority of 164. measures for covering the State expenditure and re-
General BEDEAU has been recalled to Paris by gulating the financial system. The following are the
telegraph. He will, it is said, be appointed Ambas- measures proposed by the Commission and sanctioned
sador to Rome. The army of the Alps is, it is said, by the EMPEROR :.--
to be dissolved.
byA subscriptions.voluntary loa n of 60,000,000 florins, to be
General CAVAIGNAC has published the following raised
letter in reply to the calumnious 'insinuations (for "2. The emission of Three per Cent. Exchequer-hills
they did not dare to attack him openly) of the to the amount of 25,000,000 florins, which the Bank
journals of the "White Terrorists," that he had been pledges itself to discount, to meet the immediate wants
intriguing to obtain the baton of Marshal of France. of the State.
The letter is dated the 4th July. "3. Should the Bank be unable to discount the full
" Monsieur le Redacteur,—A journal, in an article in amount of 25,000,000 florins, the Minister of Finance
which lam not named but sufficiently indicated, affirms will make further regulations on this point.
that in a recent circumstance I failed in my hopes or "4. The Minister of Finance publicly pledges himself
my pretensions to receive the dignity of a Marshal of to the Bank directors t restore the said advances, and
France. assigns the war indemnity of Piedmont to this object.
" Will you be kind enough to publish the following "5. The abolition of the decree prohibiting the ex.
"
reply, which I have also addressed to other journals in port of money.
Paris?
"Oa the 21st December last, I withdrew from the
hands of the President of the Constituent Assembly
himself, a proposition presented by one of my colleagues,
tending to have conferred on me the dignity of marshal.
I could easily have reckoned on the emotions of that day
to have received such a decision from the feelings of the
whole Assembly. I did not wish it, and what I would
not have accepted from that Assembly, could not become
more precious to me from any other Government, or
under any other circumstances.
" The insinuations, of which I am now the object, lead
me to give an explanation which I had for the period
when one of the organic laws came under discussion.
That explanation will make it evident that it was im-
possible I ever could, even in the most indirect manner,
have manifested any of the desires or pretensions that
have been imputed to me.
"The rank of marshal is a dignity which enjoys nre•
rogatives; and in that light ,I consider it as incompatible
with the spirit of Republican institutions. That dignity
is now enjoyed by illustrious soldiers, whom our lite has
been employed in admiring and respecting. The mar-
shalship recalls to mind glorious souvenirs; it should
exist as long as those warriors exist, but it should ex-
pire with them.
" The command-in-chief should be a rank exercised on
the same terms and on the same conditions as others; it
should not, under a republican Government, constitute a
dignity or prerogative.
" Hereditary rank and military and civil dignity form
the necessary cortege of monarchical Government; in a
republican one they would constitute an anomaly in
which I never could or ever shall have an idea of uniting
myself.
" Receive, Monsieur le Redacteur, the assurance of my
distinguished sentiments.
(Signed) " General E. CAVAIGNAC."
The trials of the accused of the 13th June will
take place at Versailles.
JULES FAvEE applied to the Civil Tribunal of
the Seine on Wednesday to annul the decree pub-
lished by the President of the Republic on the 13th
of June, suspending the journlas La Reforme, Le
Democratic Pacifique, La Vraie .Republique, La
Revolution Democratigue et Sociale, Le Peuple, and
La Tribune des Peuples. M. SATI, the auvocate of
the Republic, opposed the application, on the ground
of the incompetency of the Court. The Court declared,
after due deliberation, that the Constitution of 1848
having pronounced the legality of the state of siege,
it was incompetent to entertain the application, and
condemned the plaintiff to the payment of the costs.
The Council of Revision has confirmed the sen-
tence of death pronounced by court-martial on Cap-
tain
_KLEBER, who immediately after appealed to the
Court of Cessation.
M. GARNIER PAGES has addressed a letter to the
papers, announcing that lie declines coming forward
as a candidate for any constituency, and that he re-
tires into private life.
The French Government received yesterday the
following telegraphic dispatch from General
OUDINOT :-
1 " VILLA SANTUCCI, JULY 2, 10 o'CLocK,
" The assault made on the night of the 30tH ult. pro-
duced the result I expected; overtures of submission
were made to me yesterday by a deputation of the
Roman municipality.
"The Bastion No. 9 is occupied by our troops.
" The gates of San Paolo, Portese, and Sancrazzio
have just been opened to us. Measures have been
adopted to insure the occupation of the city with the
greatest order.
" The discipline of our soldiers equals their valour."
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Thursday, at 54f. 10c.; the Five per Cents., at 87f.
85c.; Orleans Railroad shares, 772 f. 50c.; Rouen, 550 f.;
Great Northern, 430 f.; Avignon, 195 f.; Basle, 100 f.;
Bordeaux, 401 f. 250.; Paris and Strasburg, 363 f. 7 •
50.,
Tours and Nantes, 310 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, JULY 5.
Central of France (Orleans and Vierzon),l2%—Northern
of France, 1014—Paris and Strasbourg, 4A—Rousn and
Havre, 10N—Sambre and Meuse, 3.

ITALY.

The following communication from the Austrian
Government, as to the advance of Austrian troops into
Tuscany and the Legations, has been presented to
both Houses of Parliament :

(Translation.)
" Vienna, April 29, 1849

" M. le Comte—The Government of the Emperor has
sent to Marshal Count Radetzky orders to advance troops
as well into Tuscany as into the legations.
"In deciding upon this measure, we have only re-
sponded to the demand which has been addressed to us to
this effect, on the part of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, as
well as on the part of the Holy Father, the latter having
at the same thee applied for the armed intervention of
France Spain, and Naples.
" The object of our intervention is no other than the
re-establishment of the legitimate Governments and of
legal order. Whenever this object shall have been
attained, and, thanks to the co operation of the sane
portion of the population, it will be so, we hope, shortly,
our troops shall retire.
"As regards the intervention in the state of the
Church, we could have wished to have been allowed to
wait until the decisions of the Conference of Gaeta,
while placing in relief the agreement existing between
the powers whose support the Holy Father has espe-
cially claimed, had given to their endeavours combina-
tion and uniformity.
"France having decided by the expedition to Civita
Vecchia to act in advance of the decisions of the Con-
ference, we do not the less hope that the object at which
her isolated efforts aim, will prove to be the same as
that which the four Powers had been called upon to effect
by common action.
" Fur our part we only wish to comply with the
wishes of the Hoy Father, identical with those of the
civilised world, by co-operating within the limits of our
means to restore to the chief of the universal Church
his liberty and independence, which Catholic populations
cannot with indifference see destroyed to the advantage
of an anarchistical party. France, if we examine it
well, can have no other object. I, therefore, willingly
believe that the measures of the two Powers, while they
may appear to be dictated by different impulses, will
not bring about any conflict between them; but, on the
contrary, will lead to results Equally conducive to the
well-being of the people of Central Italy, and to the
cause!ot general order.
" I beg you, M. le Comte, to allow the principal Se-
cretary of State to read this dispatch,—Accept, &c.
(Signed) " i'CHWARZENBERG."
The Piednwntese Gazette, of the 30th ult., states
that a letter received from the Sardinian Charge
d'Affaires to the Court of Lisbon, dated Oporto,
18th ult , contradicts the telegraphic dispatch of
Bayonne, which lately announced the death of
CHARLES ALBERT, and gives the following bulletin,
No. 3, of the above date :—" The illness of King
CHARLES ALBERT still presents distressing symptoms.
His MAJESTY anxiously awaits intelligence concern-
ing his august son, VICTOR EMMANUEL." It further
adds that the physicians of Oporto expressed but
little hopes of the patient's recovery, stating that
the acute physical and moral sufferings of the ex-
KING were increased by his anxiety about his son's
illness. By this time the Prince of CARIGNAN and
Dr. RIBERI, late physician to the august patient,
must have arrived at Oporto.
By Royal decree of the 30th June the Parliament
of Sardinia is summoned to meet on the 30th inst.
The cannonading at Venice continues. In a recent
sortie the Venetians took two Austrian Generals
prisoners.

CRIMINAL COURT.-(THIS DAY

OLD COURT.