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Persons assured for the whole term of Life for 1001. and upwards,
in Greet Britain or Ireland respectively, will be entitled at the end
of every fifth year (instead of every seventh year as heretofore) to
participate in the Surplus Premiums, either by Addition to their Po-
licies, or an equivalent Reduction will be made in the future pay-
ments of Premium, at the option of the Assured.
Policies may also be effected for the whole term of Life by alimited
number of yearly payments.
ASSURANCES for SHORT PERIODS may now be effected in this
Office at considerably reduced rates of Premium.
The NEXT VALUATION will be made at Christmas, 1849, and
Policies effected before that date will participate in proportion to the
time they may then have been in force.
The Company's Rates and Proposals may be had at the Office in
London, or of any of the Agents in the Country, who are authorised
to report on the appearance of Lives proposed for Assurance.
HENRY DESBOROUGH, Secretary.
92, Cheapside, June, 1849.

THE LONDON. INDISPUTABLE LIFE
POLICY COMPANY
INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT.
No. 31, LOMBARD-S TREET, LONDON.
TRUSTEES.
S. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. I Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P.
Richard 3lalins, Esq., Q.C. James Fuller Madox, Esq.
William Wilberforce, Esq.
DIRECTORS.

William Adams, Esq.
John Atkins, Es°.
Henry Augustus Bevan, Esq.
John Thompson Bramwell, Esi,
John Dangerfleld, Esq.

Robert Henry Forman, Esq.
John Hamilton, Esq.
James Fuller Madox, Esq.
John Matthews, Esq.
Charles 0. Parnell, Esq.
AUDITORS.

Gorge Cumming, Esq.
Jame; Turner, Esq.

ISamuel Field, Esq.
William Ghrimes Hell, Esq.
MEDICAL ADVISER.
Benjamin Phillips. Esq., F.R.S.
BANKERS.
Messrs. Spooner, Attwood, and Co.
SECRETAR7.
David Alison, Esq.
SOLICITORS.
Messrs. Atkinson and Andrew.
MAN AGER.
Alexander Robertson, Esq. '
The POLICIES are INDEFEASIBLE and INDISPUTABLE,
.he Company being prohibited, by the Stith clause of their Deed of
Constitution, which is duly registered in terms of the Act, from dis-
;.utifig a Policy upon any wound whatever.
The Rates of Premium are calculated upon.. Carlisle mortality, and
are as low as a due regard to complete security will justify.
HALF PREMIUM SYSTEM. —By this plan only one-half of the
Premiums, with interest of the retained halves, is required to be psid
for the first five years—the retained halves, being payable at the
convenience of the assured, or allowed to continue, to form
a deduction from the claim on the Policy ; and as the As-
surance may be relinquished at any time without payment
of the retained premiums, this scheme enables a party to
assure for the first five years at little more than half the usual rate,
and to discontinue a Policy at about one-half the usual sacrifice.
WIIOLE WORLD POLICIES are granted, whereby the security
of a creditor, holder of a Policy, continues unimpaired, although the
assured lire should go beyond the prescribed limits.
Sums are assured payable to the parties themselves on attaining a
specified age, or at their death, whichever shall first occur.
PARTNER-HIP POLICIES are granted, whereby ajoint assurance
effected by partners, at the charge of the firm, secures the capital in-
vested. On the death of either, the survivor is benefited by retain-
ing the whole capital, and the representatives of the deceased obtain
their share without having to wait until it can be recovered from
outstanding debts.
There is no extra charge for residence beyond 35 degrees of the
equator.
No Admission or Entrance Fees are required, nor is any charge
made for the Policy beyond the amount of the Stamp.
Claims are payable within three months after proof of the death of
the assured life.
The usual Commission allowed to Solicitors, and also to persons,
approved by the Board, who extend the business of Life Assurance in
connexion with this Company.

EA, FIRE, LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICE ;
United with the
PORT OF LONDON ASSURANCE COMPANY.
Incorporated pursuant to Act of Parliament, April 22, 1847.
Admitted to Lloyd's by Vote of the Committee, January 15, 1848.
Amalgamated pursuant to Re= a utions dated February 5, 1849.
Offices :
31, CORNHILL, LONDON.
vrith Powers of Extension reserved to the
CAPITAL -
Proprietors under the 16th Clause of the XlOO,OOO
Deed of Settlement),
[a Shares of Twenty Shillings each, all paid ; affording the security
of a large actual paid-up Capital, constantly augmenting.

DISTINGUISIUNG FEATURES.

llARlNE.—Limitedras in and upon vessels of the first class at

Lloyds.
FlRE.—Reduced premiums on buildings erected in conformity with
the Building Act, 7 and 8 Vic., C. 84, proportioned to the diminu-

Holt o frisk secured by the provisions of that statute.
LIFE.—The unmixed mutual system in its purest form—whole
profits being divided among the Assured, without the entailment
of any risk. The operation of this department also extending to
RAILWAY ACCIDENT COMPENSATION, at moderate Pre-

miums • and
GUARANTEE for assuring the fidelity of persons in situations of
trust and confidence on the Annual Payment of a stipulated rate
per Cent., either in connexion with Life Assurance, or distinct
therefrom.

Forms of Application for Provincial Agencies in those towns of the
United Kingdom where none have been already appointed may be
obtained from the Head Office as above.

AUG. COLLINGUIDGE, Managing Director.
London. June 9, 1849.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET,

Dissolving Views, of Rome.—Lecture and Experiments, with the
hydro-Eleetrie Machine.—Lectures on Chemistry—Exhibition of the
Oxy-hydrogen Microscope.—Diver and Diving-bell.—The Chroma-
trope.—Explanations of Models and Machinery.
Open daily from Eleven to Five ; and in the Evenings (except
itturday) from Seven till Half-past Ten.
Admission, ls.--Schools, Half-price.—The New Catalogue, Is.

BANVARD'S' true original PAINTING of the
MISSISSIPPI and MISSOURI RIVERS, exhibited by com-
mand of her Majesty the Qtleen, and H.R.H. Prince Albert, and
Royal Family, at Windsor Cas2.e. NOW OPEN, at the EGYPTIAN
HALL, PICCADILLY, every Morning, at Half-past Two, Even-
ing, at Half-past Seven.
Admission—Lower Seats, 25.; Gallery, le.
" That there was any other original painting of these rivers is en
impudent imposture."—Louisville Democrat.

THIRTY-FIRST EDITION.
Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 paces. Just published, price 25. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. Gd. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By It. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, Is, Berners-street, Ox-
ford-street, London. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange,
21, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street;
Starie, 23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
Organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive indul-
gence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative ncapacity.
illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secendary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatmant. This iection is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engravings.
PART IV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease
by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is ob-
viated. This important part of the Work should not escape the
reader's notice.

PasT Y. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
duties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
Trix(loaniat. BILK OF SYSIACITTiI is exclusively employed in treat-
n3 nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 11 s. and 335. per
battle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary symp-
toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 1 Is. and 338. per bottle.
Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 'ls. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I is, per box, a
sertaus remedy for gonorrhoea, elect, stricture, and chronic inflamma-
tion of the bladder. Consultation tee, if by letter, 1/. A minute
retail of the case is required : age, habits, and position in society.
Si. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Establishment only, by
which the fee,ll., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in atten-
lance daily at 19, Earners-street, Oxford-street, London, from Ele-
♦en till Two, and nye to Eight; on BuadAys Prom Mayon to Oa°.

FENCER'S CHINESE LIQUID HAIR DYE.
The thousands of individuals who for upwards of twenty
years have used this celebrated liquid, pronounce it to he the only
article extant which effectually changes, in a few minutes, red or
grey hair, whiskers, moustaches, &c., to a dark brown or black,
without trouble (by simply combing it through the hair), and pro-
duces by one application a pleasing and permanent change.
While other dyes destroy the hair by their pernicious properties,
this liquid promotes its growth, nourishing the roots to the latest
period of life. Persons who have been deceived by preparations
which have a horrible stench (dangerous to the head), troublesome
in their application, and unsatisfactory in their colour, will find
Spencer's Chinese Liquid Hair Dye a distinct article, agreeable in
every respect, and that " none but itself can be its parallel." Price
3s. 6d., 65.. and 10s. per bottle.
To be had of Spencer and Co., 29, Nottingham-place, Fieldgate-
street, Whiteehapel-road, London ; also of Mr. Johnstone, 68, Corn-
hill; Mr. Prentice, 84, Edgeware-road ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ;
I'rout, 229, Strand ; Sanger, 150, Oxford-street; Barclay, Far-
ringdon-street ; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond-street; Hooper, 43,
K;nc William-street, London IDriclge ; Hannay, 53, Oxford-street ;
Finr Milsom-street, Bath ; Elmore, Bull-street, Birmingham ;
Roberts, 23, Church-street, Liverpool ; and of most Perfumers and
Medicine Vendors in town and country. Sent to any part of
the kingdom by receiving a remittance, pest paid.
Please to ask for " Spencer and Co.'s Chinese Liquid Hair Dye."
Observe—Spencer's and Co.'s address is on the wrapper.

CLIFTON.
(From the Bristol Gaz tie.)

The memorials from the inhabitants of the parish
of Clifton to the Poor-law Commissioners and the
Board of Health, the former praying that the name
of the Clifton Union may be changed, and the latter
that the districts in which cases of cholera occur may
be specified in the returns, have been numerously
signed. On Tuesday W. H. Gore Langton, Esq.,
proceeded with them to London, where he expected
to be joined by our city Members in presenting these
documents to the authorities to whom they are ad-
dressed. The memorial to the Poor law Commis-
sioners we published last week. The following is the
one addressed to the Board of Health :

" TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE GENERAL BOARD
OF HEALTH,

" The Memorial of certain inhabitants of the parish of
Clifton, in the Borough of the City of Bristol, asso-
ciated together under the name of, Clifton Improve-

mcmt Association.'

" Sheweth,—That in the publication of the returns
from time to time of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea,
reported to your Honourable Board, a very large number
is made to appear as having occurred in Clifton, to the
serious detriment of its inhabitants.

"That a-public meeting of the inhabitants of the parish
of Clifton was held on the 20th of September, inst.,
the Mayor of Bristol presiding, for the purpose of adopt-
ing measures to correct the erroneous statements thus
circulated with regard to the Sanitary condition of Clif-
ton, at which meeting a resolution was unanimously
adopted, to present a memorial to the Poor-law Board,
respectfully requesting that the name of the Clifton
Union might be changed, whereby :tho reports of the
sanitary state of the whole district might no longer
unjustly appear under the head of Clifton only.
" That under the provisions of the Poor•law, the fol-
lowing twelve parishes, namely, Clifton, Westbury-upon-
Trym, Henbnry, Compton Greenfield, Winterbourne,
florfield, Stoke Gifford, Stapleton, Saint George, Saint
Philip and Jacob (out) and Saint James and Saint Paul's
(out), containing together according to the census of
1841, a population of 64,231 persons, and an area of
27,189 acres have been united under the name of ' The
Clifton Union.'

" That the above-mentioned parishes of Stapleton,
Saint George, Saint Philip and Jacob, and Saint James
and Saint Paul, containing in 1841, a population of
38,740, are those in which all the deaths from cholera
and diarrhces for the most part have occurred, as may
appear from the returns of the registrars of these
parishes, and each of these parishes is distant nearly
four miles from Clifton, the elevated and healthy parts
of the city of Bristol intervening,
"That in the returns publibtied by your Honourable
Board, except on two occasions, all the deaths from the
above-mentioned causes that have occurred in any of the
parishes forming the Clifton Union, are stated to have
occurred in ' Clifton,' without the addition of the word
Union' or any other description to designate that such
deaths have occurred elsewhere, than in the parish of
Clifton itself.
" That the number of deaths from cholera and
diarrhoea which have been reported to the registrar of
Clifton, as having occurred within his district, from the
9th of July last to the present time have been twelve
only, and of these twelve cases it is known that only
eight were actually cholera. With one exception,
and that on the 6th of August, all these cases occurred
in the Poor District of the Hotwells, and not in Upper
Clifton.
" That the number of deathi in Clifton which have
actually occurred in the quarter just ended, including
the above-mentioned twelve cases reported as cholera,
is considerably below the average—from this it is evi
dent that the health of the inhabitants of the parish
has been during the summer and is still exceedingly
good.
" That Clifton, in consequence of the beauty of its
scenery and peculiar kcal advantages, is • a place of
great public resort, and is highly recommended to in-
valids by Sir James Clark, and other medical practi-
tioners of celebrity, on account of the salubrity of its
climate.
" That the returns of deaths from cholera and diarrhea
which have lately been published by your Honourable
Board, as having occurred at Clifton, have not only de-
terred many families and persons from resorting to the
place, but have so much alarmed many persons as to
cause them to flee from it, to the very serious injury of
the tradesmen, lodging-house keepers, and persona pos-
sessing property in the parish, and that, as appears by
the facts above-mentioned, without any just reason, in-
asmuch as instead of being a place to be shunned, it
should be, in consequence of its comparative immunity
from the prevailing epidemic, one of attraction.
" That a memorial to the above-mentioned effect, re-
spectably signed, has been presented to the Poor-law
Board, in pursuance of the resolution of the public meet-
ing already referred to.
" That at the same meeting it was also unanimously
resolved, that the Committee of the Clifton Improve-
ment Association, be instructed to memorialize your
Honourable Board, to publish the returns in such a
form as shall indicate the parish in which the cases of
cholera may occur.
" Your memorialists therefore humbly pray that your
honourable Board will be pleased, in making your
returns of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea, which
may in future occur in any of the parishes forming the
Clifton Union, to distinguish the parish of Clifton from
the Union which goes by its name, thus, Clifton, none,'
or otherwise as the case may be, and ' Clifton Union' so
many, whereby this parish may no longer be erroneously
and unjustly stigmatized, nor its inhabitants and the
owners of property therein sorionsly injured, as they
have hitherto been.

" Your memorialists are encouraged to hope your
Honourable Board will comply with their request, by
the fact of your having adopted a similar distinction
with regard to other districts, and twice a partial
though incomplete one with respect to the Clifton Union:
"(Signed) WM. HENRY GORE LANGTON,
" Chairman of the Committee of the Clifton
Improvement Association.
" Clifton, 29th September, 1849."

SCOTCH RECONCILIATION.—A_ Scotchman, who
was supposed to be at the point of death, sent for a
neighbour with whom ho was in feud, in order that he
might depart in peace with all mankind. The recon-
ciliation was effected, and the visitor was about to de-
part, when the dying man called out, " Noo, Sandie,
man, if I &ma dee after a', its just to be atween us twa
as it were afore."
MURDER AT RESTON.—The eastern district of
Berwickshire has this week been startled by a most
atrocious and deliberate murder. On Monday morning
the body of a man, named Walter Linn, was discovered
in a field in the neighbourhood of Reston, a village be-
tween eleven and twelve miles from Berwick, and situ-
ated on the line of the North British Railway. From
a wound upon his head it was discovered that he had
met his death by violent means. A sum of money which
he was supposed to have on his person seems to have
led to the commission of the deed, and immediately on
the discovery of the body general suspicion was directed
to a man named M'Quee, who was accordingly appre-
hended and lodgod in Dunse Gaol. The particulirs of
the case are as follows:—Walter Linn, the man who
has been murdered, is an Irishman, about 26 or 23
years of age, and came to reside in Reston four years
ago, having obtained employment on the railway line
which was then in course of construction. Ile formed
an intimate acquaintance with William M'Quee, also an
Irishman, to whose sister he was said to be paying his
addresses. They were seen together at Chirnside, and
they were also seen in company returning towards Ren-
ton, by two persons at different places. bl'Quee returned
home about eight o'clock. Nothing was se,n of Linn
till next morning, when Messrs. Sinclair, butchers, at
Ayton, went to a field near Reston-hill, the property of
Mr. Bishop, to examine some sheep grazing there. They
reached this field at a quarter before eleven, and in a
ditch they discovered the body of the unfortunate victim.
As we have already mentioned, suspicion immediately
fell on William M'Quee. The police on the railway
line found, on inquiry, that he had that morning gone
by the train to Dunse. He returned home on foot, and
on entering Reston, about one o'clock, was taken into
custody.—Berwick Advertiser

The following document has been issued by the
London Hungarian Committee :-
1. Hungary is an ancient constitutional monarchy
which used to elect its Kings. Every new King was
solemnly crowned with the crown of St. Stephen,
after taking the coronation oath on llungarian soil,
in which he swore to uphold the Constitution. In
the year 1687 the royalty was made hereditary in the
family of Hapsburg; but, so far was Hungary from
becoming a province of Austria, to this year not a
single Austrian has been allowed to hold office in the
Hungarian kingdom. An Austrian is a foreigner in
Hungarian law and practice.
2. The Kings of the House of Hapsburg have,
notwithstanding, made various attempts to overthrow
the liberties of Hungary. After repeated attempts
to fuse Hungary into Austria, and repeated insur-
rections, a lowg struggle begun by Leopid I. was
ended in 1711 by Joseph 1., who was constrained to
confirm the old constitution. Again, by the efforts of
Joseph 11. to enforce the German language, and
suppress the municipalities, a revolt was kindled,
which his successor Leopold 11. finally pacified (in
1790) only by withdrawing all his brother's innova-
tions, and by making a peculiarly distinct avowal,
that (Art. 10) " Hungary with her appaaages is a
free kingdom, and in regard to her whole. legal form
of Government (including all the tribunals) inde-
pendent ; that is, entangled with no other kingdom or
people; but having her own peculiar consistence and
constitution, accordingly to be governed by her
legitimately crowned King after her peculiar laws
and customs." Nevertheless Francis I. dared to
violate his coronation oath by not assembling the
Diet from 1811 to 1825. At last he was compelled to
give way by the passive resistance to all government.
From. that year on ward the Hungarians have struggled
successfully for internal reforms h • constitutional
methods, though perpetually thwarted by the bigotry,
ignorance, and perverse ambition of the Austrian
Cabinet or Crown.

3. The internal reforms which they desired were
chiefly the following':—To remove or lessen the dis-
tinction between the privileged and uprivileged
classes ; and improve the principles of taxation and
the tenure of land. Next, to extend perfect tolera-
tion of religious creed to all. The high Magyar no-
bility are generally Roman Catholics; yet they have
been as willing to concede toleration as the lower
nobility and middle classes, who are generally Pro-
testants. Thirdly, to establish free trade with all
nations. For the Austrian Cabinet choose to confine
this great country to Austria for its market, while
treating Hungarian produce as foreign. Fourthly,
to maintain a free press, and the right especially of
publishing the debates and proceedings of the Diet.
Fifthly, in general to develope the great resources of
Hungary by all sorts of material improvement in
agriculture, in roads, in bridges. To this of late has
been added a struggle fur general education.
4. One mode of resistance applied by Austria,
was to extinguish Parliamentary Bills by the veto of
the Crown ; the fear of which paralyzed the Upper
House—a body always naturally disposed to lean to
Austria. Against this the Hungarians had no ade-
quate constitutional weapon to use, since the, Austrian
Cabinet was not responsible to the Hungarian Diet.
The often repeated legal declaration of their indepen-
dence, and in particular the distinct compact of Leo-
pold 11., in 1790-91, justified them in desiring, by
peaceful and constitutional means, to attain an inde-
pendent Ministry directly responsible to their own
Parliament.

5. Such a Ministry had long been talked of and
claimed in the Diet. In fact the Conservative party
and the opposition had differed little as to the objects
at!which they aimed, but chiefly as to the vehemence
with which they should press them; the Conservatives
pleading to "give time" to the Austrian Cabinet.
But in March, 1848, the Conservatives, as a separate
party, vanished, by the great mass of them acceding
to the opposition. Kossuth carried a unanimous
vote, that the constitution of Hungary could never
be free from the eternal machinations of the. Austrian
Cabinet, until constitutional government was estab-
lished in the foreign possessions of the Crown, so as
to restore the legal status of the period at which the
Diet freely conferred the royalty on the House of
Hapsburg. This vote paralysed the Austrian autho-
rities. Vienna rose against Metternich, and a revolu-
lution took place there. A Constitution and a
National Guard were enacted. The Hungarian Diet
immediately claimed for itself also a responsible
Ministry. This was granted without delay, and
Count Louis Batthyany was made premier. But on
the very same day, March 15, Jellachich was ap-
pointed Ban of Croatia. In a letter to Vienna,
dated March 24, 1848, the Archduke Stephen, viceroy
of Hungary, is found to have suggested three modes
of destroying the Hungarian Constitution ; either to
excite the peasants against the nobles, as in Gallicia,
and stand by while the parties slaughter each other ;
or, to tamper with Batthyany's honesty ; or to invade
and overpower Hungary by military force. A tran-
script of this letter in the Archduke's handwriting,
was afterwards found among his papers when he fled
from Pesth, and was officially published with all the
necessary verifications. The Austrians have not
dared to disown it.

Before March ended, a deputation of all the leading
members of both houses from Hungary appeared in
Vienna, carrying to the King their unanimons claim
that he would consent to various bill& in these, the
greatest constitutional change was the restoration of
the old union between the Diets of Hungary and of
Transylvania. But socially the most important laws
were the equalising of all classes and creeds, and the
noble enactment which converted the peasant into
freeholders of the soil, quit of all the old feudal
burdens. This Bill had passed both the Houses by
Feb. 4, 1848, before the French revolution had broken
out ; so little had that great event to do with the re-
forming efforts of the Hungarians. The Austrian
Cabinet, seeing their overwhelming unanimity, felt
that resistance was impossible. Accordingly Fer-
dinand proceeded with the Court to Presburg, and
ratified the laws by oath. This is the reform of
April 11, 1848, which all patriotic Hungarians fondly
looked upon as their charter of constitutional right.;,
opening to them the promise of a career in which
they should emulate Great Britain, as a pattern of a
united, legal, tolerant, free, and loyal country.
6. Croatia is a province of the Hungarian crown ;
and there Jellachich, as Governor, openly organised
revolt against Hungary, by military terroism, and by
promising Slavonic supremacy. On Batthyany's
urgency, King Ferdinand declared Jellachich a rebel,
and exhorted the Diet to raise an army against him ;
but always avoided finally to sanction their bills.
Meanwhile Radetzky defeated Charles Albert.
Jellachich dropped the mask of Chroatianism, and
announced to Batthyany that there should be no
peace, until a Ministry at Vienna ruled over
Hungary. In September, as the King would
neither allow troops to be raised in Hungary, nor
the Hungarian regiments to be recalled from Italy
for home defence, a Hungarian deputation was sent
to the Austrian Diet; but it was denied admittance
by aid of the Slavonic party. To catch stray votes
(it seems), Latour, Austrian Minister at War, in the
Diet, Sept. 2, solemnly disavowed any connexion
with Jellachich's movement; yet on Sept. 4 a royal
odinance (officially published in Croatia only), rein-
stated Jellachich in all his dignities, who soon after-
wards crossed the Drave to invade Hungary, with a
well-appointed army 65,000 strong. As he openly
showed the King's commission, Batthyany resigned,
Sept. 9, since he did not know how to act by the
King's command against the King's command. No
successor was appointed; and the Hungarian Diet
had no choice but to form a committee of safety. To
embarrass them in this, the King re-opened negotia-
tion with Batthyany Sept. 14, but still eluded any
practical result by refusing to put down Jellachich.
Meanwhile, Dec. 16 dispatches were intercepted, in
which Jellachich thanked Latour for supplies of mo-
ney and material of war. The Hungarian Diet
published them officially, and distributed them by
thousands. But llungary was still unarmed, and
Jellachich was burning, plundering, slaughtering.
Sept. 25 Lemberg was sent to Pesth, in the illegal
character of Imperial Commissary of Hungary, but was
immediately murdered by the rage of the populace.
Masses of volunteers were assembled by the eloquence
of Kossuth, which, with the aid of only 3,000 regular
troops, met and repulsed Jellachich at Sukoro, Sept.
29, and chased him out of their country. But Latour
was far too deep in guilt to recede. 'A royal reseript
of October 3 dissolved the Hungarian Diet, forbade
all municipal action, superseded the judicial tribunals,
declared Hungary under martial law, and appointed
Jellachich civil and military governor of that country,
with discretionary power of life and death, and an
expressly unlimited despotism. It likewise distinctly
announced the determination of the Crown to incor-
porate Hungary into Austria. Troops from Vienna
were publicly ordered by Latour (Oct. 6) to march
against the Hungarians. This order, coupled with
alarm inspired by the approach of Jellachich (whose
defeat was kept secret), led to the enzeute in Vienna,
in which Latour was murdered, a murder which was
made a pretext for bombarding Vienna, and destroy-
ingdisc the newly sanctioned constitution. W
gratz, the agent in this work, joined
ci sheltered
those of Auersperg, who meanwhile ha
Jellachich. infuriated that,
At all this the Hungarians Were 50 1
b d
who were e len
after deposing the generals
hi_s foinrces to

traitorously to have allowed Jellachich to escape),
with inferior artillery, and with forces not half of the
Austrians, who were 75,000 strong besides their re-
serves, they fought and lost the battle of Schwechat,
October 30. This was the first and last battle fought
by the Hungarians on Austrian soil, fought only
against those who were protecting a ruthless enemy,
who had desolated Hungary by countless outrages :
Set this is trumpeted by the Austrians as Hungarian
aggression. Jellachich (November '2) entered
Vienna► in triumph, and was entrusted with a great
army in the course of the whole war that followed.
It is then impossible to doubt that the Austrians had
supplied him with arms, money and authority from
the beginning, and that they began this bloody war
by combined violence and treachery, while Hungary
was in profound peace.
7. The Cabinet now tried to obtain from Ferdinand
a direct permission to carry into detail the rescript of
October 3, and seize Hungary by right of conquest.
But as Ferdinand began to be troubled with religious
scruples, they resolved to depose him, and put his
nephew on the throne—a Youth of eighteen, edu-
cated by the Jesuits, and accustomed to obey his mo-
ther the Archduchess Sophia, who was so identified
by the Viennese with the Cabinet as to be called the
Lady Camarilla.
By intrigue of some sort they induced the half-
witted Emperor to sign the Act for his own abdication,
and at once seated Francis Joseph in his place, who,
not having taken the coronation oath, might be as-
sured by his directors that he committed no wrong in
invading the laws and constitution of Hungary. An
Austrian army marched into the country, and in the
course of January and February overran and occu-
pied it as far as the Theiss eastward and as high as
the Marosch northward; the Russians meanwhile pe-
netrated into Transylvania. Thu usurpation of
the Archduchess and Cabinet* seemed to have
triumphed.
8. On March 4th, 1849, Count Stadion published
his new constitution for fusing down Hungary into a
part of the Austrian empire. If previously Hun-
gary had been under Russian despotism, this consti-
tution would have seemed highly liberal ; and
from an Austrian point of view, such it was;
but to the Hungarians it was an intolerable
slavery. First, it virtually annihilated their
municipalities, and subjected their police to
Vienna. Next, it would hare called the Austrian
Cabinet to put in Austrian civil and military officers
everywhere in Hungary—an innovation as odious to
the Hungarians, as would French police magistrates,
excisemen, overseers, colonels and lord-lieutenants,
be to the English nation. Thirdly, it swamped their
parliament among a host of foreigners, ignorant of
Hungary and its wants, and incapable of legislating
well for it. Fourthly, it was enaeted without the
pretence of law, by the mere stroke of Count Sta-
dion's pen. If the Hungarian constitution, fourteen
times solemnly sworn to by kings of the House of
Hapsburg, was to be thus violated, what possible
security could the nation have for this new-fangled
constitution of Stadion, if it were ever so good in
itself ? If they admitted such a right in the Austrian
crown, in six months a new ordinance might reduce
them under a pure despotism. In the face of wrong
so intense, it is not worth while to name secondary
grivances; but it was most bitterly felt that such was
the reward of the constant loyalty of Hungary to the
House of Hapsburg, and such the sequel of that so-
lemn act by which Ferdinand had so happily ratified
their recent glorious reforms I

On reviewing the constitutional question, it was
clear to the Hungarians, first, that Ferdinand had no
legal power to abdicate without leave of the Diet,
which leave it was impossible to grant, since, in the
course of nature, Ferdinand might yet hare direct
heirs ; secondly, that if he became incapacitated, it
was the right of the Diet to appoint a regent ; thirdly,
that if Ferdinand had died, Francis Joseph was not
the heir of the Hungarian crown, but . his father,
Ferdinand's brother; fourthly, that allegiance is not
fully due to the true heir, until he has been crowned;
fifthly, that if Francis Joseph had been ever so much
the true heir, and had been ever so lawfully crowned,
the ordinances would be a breach of his oath, essen-
tially null and void, and equivalent to a renunciation
of his compact with the people ; sixthly, -that: even to
Austria the Ministry of Stalion—or,trather, the
Archduchess—was no better than a knot of intriguers,
which had practised on the clouded intellect of the
Sovereign to grasp a despotism for itself ; while over
Hungary it had no more ostensible right than had
that of Prussia or France. All Hungary therefore
rose to resist, Slovachs and Magyars, Germans and
Wallachs, Catholics and Protestants, Greeks and
Jews, nobles, traders, and peasants, rich and poor,
Progressionists and Conservatives. Ferdinand was
still regarded as their legitimate, but unlawfully de-
posed King.
9. Between the Theiss and the Marosch, Kossuth
had organised the means of fabricating arms and
money • and in the course of March and April a
series of tremendous battles took place, in which the
Austrians were some fifteen times defeated, and with-
out a single change of fortune their armies, 130,000
strong, were swept out of Hungary with immense
slaughter. Only certain fortresses remained in their
power, and those were sure to fall by mere lapse of
time. The Austrian Cabinet WAS desperate at losing
a game in which it had risked so much. Its more
scrupulous members had retired, including Stadion
himself. Bloodier generals were brought forward,
and the intervention of Russia (long promised, and
granted as early as February in Transylvania) was
publicly avowed. This act finally alienated from
Austria every patriotic Hungarian.
10. Upon the entrance of the Russians with the
consent of Francis Joseph, the Hungarian Parlia-
ment, on the 14th of April, after reciting the acts of
perfi ly and atrocity by which the House of Haps-
burg had destroyed its compacts with the nation,
solemnly pronounced that house to have for ever
forfeited the crown. During the existing crisis Kos-
suth, according to constitutional precedent, was made
Governor of the country.
11. We all know how Hungary—deprived of her
ports, taken by surprise, isolated, and abandoned—
has been overwhelmed by the combined hosts of her
unscrupulous foes. But has England nothing to say
to this ?

For three centuries at least Hungary has been a
prominent member of the European family of nations.
Her constitutional union to the House of Hapsburg
has been a notorious public fact ; and in the Emperor
of Austria, as King of Hungary, Europe has long
seen a powerful barrier against Russian encroach-
ment. That Hungary is not Austria—that the Em-
peror of Austria has no right in Hungary except as
its constitutional king—is as public a fact in Europe
as that Hanover was never part of England. When
Hungary proclaimed to us that the Emperor of Aus-
tria was no longer her king—that she had found the
House of Hapsburg traitorous, and had legally deposed
it; and when the Hungarian nation had by a unani-
mous effort actually expelled her invaders, there was the
very same reason for our acknowledging the indepen-
dence of Hungary, as we ever had for recognising
the Emperor of Austria as King of Hungary at all.
We have grievously neglected our duty by supine-
ness ; but the Emperor of Russia has perpetrated a
breach of international law, most cruel and dreadful ;
only less wicked than the outrage of Austria, because
it was not also treacherous and ungrateful. Indig-
nation and pity for the Hungarians is for a moment
swallowed up by admiration, when we contrast their
humane generosity towards prisoners of war with the
ferocious cruelty of the Austrians towards the armed
and unarmed of both sexes.

12. The English Crown is peculiarly affected by
these events; because they destroy the confidence of
nations in the oaths of princes; especially considering
that Hungary was the only great community on the
continent, whose ancient liberties had not been vio-
lently and treacherously annihilated by its Bing. No
guarantees of right any longer exist, except those
which have been wrested out by popular violence, and
established on some doctrinaire basis. The aristoc-
racy of England are deeply concerned, when the only
remaining continental aristocracy possessed of consti-
tutional rights and taking the lead of a willing na-
tion, is remorselessly trampled under foot. Our com-
monalty is concerned, when deprived of commercial
intercourse with fourteen millions of agriculturists.
Our religious feelings are shocked, when Hun-
garian zeal for universal toleration is overridden
by the Romanist bigotry of Austria. Our liberties
are endangered by the spectacle of two sovereigns
tearing in pieces a noble nation from pure hatred of
its constitutionalism which nine centuriesanh
Ea-vuerope
made sacred in their eyes. The securityoof
f Austria to
is endangered by the virtual vassalage
nghaarsyentailed ;
Russia, which this calamitous /poly!: that she
for Austria is now so abhorred in
by. Russian aid.
cannot keep her cornailreosmt
,the beginning the Go-
Every one foresaw tl2in tw
it as well as that of St.
vernment of Vienna
e
h are the results of the conspiracy
Petersburgh.
Cabinet against their Emperor, against
against the newborn
of an Austrian
his kingdom of Hungary,
liberties of Vienna, and against the balance of power
in Europe.
13. What remains for England to do, but firmly to
declare to Austria :—" Until we see the Constitution
as it was before October, 1848, re-established in
Hungary we do not acknowledge your position in
Lombardy; for Hungary had a far better right to
her national existence and independence, than you to
your empire over the foreign 14ombards?"