The Sun.
London, England, 1849-12-12 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DE,'EMBER 12,

(LITERATURE.

HIGH-WAYS AND DRY WAYS. By the Author
of -• Bubbles front the Brunner of Nassau."
A cheap and bz.autiful reprint of tbe article pub-
lished in the list number of the Quarterly Review
descriptive of the tubular bridges across the Alensi
Straits, has just appeared from the establishment of
Mr. Murray. Seeing that we commented upon thin
clever effusion from the pen of Sir Francis B. Head
on the occasion of its first appearance in the Quarterly,
we have nothing further to do now than briefly
to announce the fact of its republication.

THE BRITISH POLITICAL, COMMER-
CIAL, ECCLESIASTICAL, AND HISTO-
RICAL GAZETTEER; Travelling - Road

Book, and County Atlas.
The present number• contains two well•execute.d
maps of the counties of Lancashire and Hampshire,
and is embellished with two beautiful engravings, one
of the " Etherow Viaduct," near Manchester, and the
othcr of that gigantic undertaking and triumph of
human skill and power, " The Great Tubular Bridge
across the Menai Strait," on the Chester and Holy-
head Railway. The historical account of the ancient
city of Chester will be read with deep interest by the
scholar and antiquarian, and reflects the greatest
credit on the industry of the compilers.

DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.
The '.serie3 of articles composing the number of
this able periodical for the present month are varied
and instructive as usual. The first is an admirably
written paper on a very singular character, entitled
The Last Days of Mirabeau." The other papers are
" Fallacies of the Fallacies," an examination of a
work by M. Frederick Bastiat, entitled " Popular
Fallacies regarding General Interests ;" " Special
Exhibitions of Warern, or the Divine Afflatus of
the Ilindoos ;'" " Irish Rivers, No. Vll.—The
FoylG ;" " A Bunch of New Novels"—" Shirley,"
" Ernesto di Ripalta," " Leonia Vermont," " The
Woodman." These notices are truthful and judi-
cious, and we would particularly recommend the in-
teresting author of " Shirley" to take a hint from
the able critic in any future delineation of an Irish
gentleman. " Notes and Suggestions on Indian
Affairs," are brought to a conclusion. " Purchased
Love," a sad tale of the evil consequences frequently
attendant on marriages for mere money ; " The
Shaksperian Unities," written with great spirit and
ability ; " Meetings and Partings," a sweet and
touching little poem containing many passages of
great beauty and feeling ; " Sire's China and the
Chinese." A notice of this work closes the present
number. We have so frequently bestowed our com-
mendations on this work in its serial progression that
it is not necessary to repeat theta on the present
occasion. It has attractions for every class of leaders
—the mere pleasure-seeker will find amusement, the
more serious inquirer instruction. Added to the pre-
sent number is an Index to Vol. XXXIV.

COURT CIRCULAR.
OSBORNE, TUESDAY.
The Queen and Prince walked this morning in
tiw grounds of Osborne.
His Royal Ilieiness the Prince of Wale:3, and th?
younger members of the Royal Family, walked and
rode as usual.
Th;tra was no addition to the royal dinner party
yesterday.

His Roy hl Highness the Duke of Cambridge visited
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester, on
Monday, at Gloucester House.
The Commissioners for inquiring into Smithfield
market, and the markets in the City of London for
the solo of meat, held their first meeting yesterday at
the Home office. Mr. George Cornewall Lewis' Sir
James Duke, Bart., Sir Harry Verney, lion. Fre-
derick Byng, Professor Richard Owen, and Mr. John
Wood, were present.
The Commitc;ioners received a deputation from the
City of London, including Mr. Taylor, Mr. T. 11.
Hall, Mr. Hicks, Mr. Dickson, the City Remetn-
brancer, the City Solicitor, and the Comptroller.
Mr. Charles -Russel!, Chairman of the Great
Western Railway, and Mr. Saunders, secretary of
the company, had an interview with the Commis-
sioners of Rail ways yesterday, at their office: in the
Board of Trade.

Sir J.nnes Duke and Dr. Reid had an interview
with the Right Hon. 11. Lubouchere yesterday at (La
office of the Board of Trade. _ _ _

The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady Mary
iSrood returned to town yesterday from Altho,p
?ark, Northamptonshire.

THE QUEEN DOWAGER'S FUNERAL.
(From the London Gazette.)
WHITEHALL, Dec. 10, 1849.
The Queen has been pleased to command that the
following directions, given by her late Majesty Queen
Adelaide for her funeral should be made public.
Her Majesty has desired that these directions, which
are worthy of the exalted piety and unfeigned humility
of the late Queen, should be, as far as possible, carried
into effect, and for this purpose has been pleased to
sanction a departure from the ceremonial usually observed
in the funerals of the Kings and Queens of the realm.
(CPPY.)
" I die in all humility, knowing well that we are all
alike before the Throne of God, and I request therefore
that my mortal remains be conveyed to the grave with-
out any pomp or state. They are to be moved to St.
George's Chapel, Windsor, where I request to have as
private and quiet a funeral as possible.
" I particularly desire not to be laid out in state, and
the funeral to take place by daylight, no procession, the
coffin to be carried by sailors to the chapel.
" All those of my friends and relations, to a limited
number, who may wish to attend, may do so. My no.
phew, Prince Edward of Sex() Weimar, Lords Howe and
Denbigh, the Hon. Wm. Ashley, Mr. Wood, Sir Andrew
Barnard, and Sir D. Davies, with my dressers, and those
of my ladies who may wish to attend.
" I die in peace, and wish to be carried to the tomb in
peace, and free from the vanities and the pomp of this
world.
" I request not to be dissected, nor embalmed; and
desire to give as little trouble as possible.
(Signed) " ADELAIDE H.
" November, 1841."

The following i 3 a copy of the " ceremonial for
the private interment of her late Most Excellent
Majesty Adelaide the Queen Dowager, in the Royal
Chapel of St. George, at Windsor, on Thursday, the
13,1 of December, 1849 :"
Her late Majesty the Queen Dowager having desired
that the interment of her remains might take place in a
most private manner, and without any state, the follow-
ing limited ceremonial will be observed, in conformity
with her Majesty's express wishes:—
Oa Thursday, the 13th of December, Guards of
Honour will be mounted at Bentley Priory and Wind-
sor. At eight o'clock precisely in the morning, the
Royal Body will be removed trom the former place to
Windsor.
A Mourning Coach, drawn by Four Horses, conveying—
The Senior Page,
Two Dressers, To her late Majesty.
Wardrobe Maid,
A Mourning Coach, drawn by Four 'Horses, conveying—
The Vice-Chamberlain of her Majesty's Household.
Clerk Marshal to her late Majesty.

A Mourning Coach, drawn by Four Horses, conveying—
The Master of the Horse to her late Majesty.
The Lord Chamberlain of her late Majesty.
The Vice-Chamberlain of her late Majesty.
The Equerry in Waiting to her late Majesty.
Her late Majesty's State Carriage, drawn by Six Horses,
in which will be
The CROWN of her late Majesty,
borne on a Velvet Cushion by Captain Taylor, one of
her late Majesty's Equerries.
THE HEARSE,

adorned with Ten Escutcheons, and drawn by Eight

Hones.

On the arrival of the Body at Slough the Procession
will be joined by the Carriage of the Queen's Most Ex
cellent Majesty, conveying—
The Lord Steward of Her Majesty's Household.
The Lord Chamberlain of Her Majesty's Household.

The Mabter of the Horse to fler -Majesty.
Another Royal Carriage, conveying—
A Lord in Waiting to Her Majesty.
Lady in Waiting to Her Majesty.
Groom in Waiting to Her Majesty.
Another Royal Carriage' conveying—
Equerry in Waiting to Her Majesty.
Two Maids of Honour to Her Majesty.
Bedchamber Woman to Her Majesty.
A. Mourning Coach, drawn by Four Horses, conveying—
The Countess Brownlow.
The Hon. Miss Hudson.,
Mrs. Cornwall.
Upon arriving at the south porch of St. George's
Chapel the Royal Body will be removed from the hearse
by ten sailors, and being received at the door by the
Dean and Canons of Windsor, will be placed upon a
platform, and the Crown and cushion laid thereon.
The Procession will then move into the choir in the
following order:—
The Dean and Canons of Windsor.
Garter.
The Lord Chamberlain of her Majesty's Household,

attended by one of his bffiCers.

Supporter of the
Pall,
Lord Dyrou.

THE BODY,

Supporter of the
Pall,
Lord Adolphus
Fitzclarence.

Covered with a

o Suppor er of the

Black Velvet Pall,

Supporter of the ral
w
Viscount
Barrington. S

adorned with

'5. Lord Frederick
j...- Fitzclarevce.

E cutchems of

Supporter of the

Supporter of the
Pall,
Earl of Sheffica

Her late Majesty's

Pall,
Marquis of
Oruunde„,

Arms.

ER.
lk

THE CHIEF MOUR
The Duchess of Norfo
(veiled)
attended by a Lady.
His Serene highness the Prince Edward of Saxe
Weimar.
His Serene Highness. the Prince Gustav of SAX° Weimar
Master of the Horse to Her late late Majesty.
Lord Chamberlain to Her late Majesty.
Vice-C.!hamberlain to Her late Maj, sty.
Ladies of the Bedchamber to Her late Majasty.
Maids of Honour to Her lac Majesty.
Women o f the Bedchamber to Her late Majesty ,
Ch!rk Marshal to Her late Majesty.
-Equerries to Her late Majesty.
Chaplains to Her late Majesty.
Physicians to Her late Majesty.
Surgeon to Her late Majesty.
Gorr tleme:i Ushers to Her late Majesty.
Senior Page to Her late Majesty.
Dressers :aid Wardrobe Maid to Her late Majesty.
Upon enter 'jug the Choir, the Chief Mourner will take
her seat at L e head of the Corpse, the Lord Chamber-
lain of Her I Majesty's Household will take his place al
the feet, and t he Vies-Chamberlain will stand near his
Lordship; the other persons composing the Procession
will arrange iemselves behind the Chief Mourner, and
on either side the
The Archbi shop of Canterbury will read the ser-
vice, and the part before the Interment, and the An.
them being p erformed, the Royal Body will be depo.
sited in th"s Vault, and the Archbishop having,.
concluded the, Service, Garter will pronounce near the
Grave the ;Style of Her late Majesty ; after which
the Lurd Cht tmherlain and the Vice-Chamberlain of
Her late Mti:gesty's Household will break their StaveL
of Office, an, t kneeling, deposit the same in the Royal
Vault.
His Royitl Highness the Prince Albert will be pre-
sent in His Royal Highness's Stall during the Cere-
mony. Tlt (lir Royal Highnesses the Duke of Cam-
bridge and ]'rinse George of Cambridge will occupy
their Stalls. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess
of Kent, the, Duchess of Cambridge, and their Serene
Highnesses the Duchess of Saxe Weimar, and the
Princess A: Jne of Saxo Weimar, and the Princess
Amelia of S axe Weimar will occupy the seats provided
(.n. thew..

",rWe are uthorized to state that the several persons
proceeding to Windsor to attend the funeral of her
late Majest:r, are to arrive at the chapel not later than
half•paq ti.-welve o'clock ; and that those who proceed
to Slough .`4) join the procession at that place, are to
be there not later than half-past eleven o'clock.
INcoua -TAX APPEALS.—The following notice has
been issued by the lucome-tax Commissioners for the
city of Lou,-',on as to appeals regarding the property and
lucerne-tax under schedule Dr:—" Notice is hereby
given, that' if any penon shall think himself aggrieved
by the assns ;E, me n t made of the said parish of —, in
respect of tl te property arising from professions, trades,
and offices, t end of the other profits chargeable under
Schedule I) of the property and income-tax, sth and 6th
Victoria, •ch up. 35, for the year ending the sth thy of
April, 1859, he may (upon giving due notice in writing
to the Surveyor of Taxes, residing at ,of his inten-
tion) appeal to the Commissioners for General Purposes
acting in t .ral for the said district, at the meeting which
will be he: 'd for the purpose of hearing and determining
such eppe: ill, on Wednesday, the 19th of December inst.,
at their of flees 36, Basingliall-street, at eleven is the
forenoon." The parishes in the City will be tak, n
alphabetic Bally. A similar notice has been ksucd for the
metropolbAn. boroughs of the Tower Hamlets, Finsbury,
Marylebone„ Lambelh, Southwark, Greenwich, and the
city of West Fluster.

SPIRIT of the

JOURNALS.

TIMES.—In another part of our impression will
be found a specimen of the opinions, or rather the
conceptions, which have been formed by a prominent
tnembsr of the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers
respecting the duties of that body to which he belongs.
In one point of view these reflections are decidedly
creditable to their author. They indicate not only a
considerable amount of painstaking, but a proper
appreciation of the point at which the work should
begin. The first step of the Commissioners, as we
have before remarked, should be to ascertain and
specify, for their own guidance no less than public
satisfaction, the particular inquiries or acts which are
successively to occupy their attention. if they both
know and declare what they are about the mortal
vice of the old Commission will be got rid of at once.
To decide upon a principle of action, to discard
superfluous or irrelevant questions, and to reduce
to the plainest and most comprehensive feral the
duties actually before the Commissioners from time
to time, must be obviously the first stage of any
serviceable course. Sir John Burgoyne has at least
been thus far. He has advanced with his tracing-
line to define the plan of operations, has calculated
the engineers' means required for the work, and has
pointed out some of the dangers against which pro
vision should be made. But with these admissions
we fear our approval must stop, for we are at a loss
to discover in the suggestions referred to any positive
proposition beyond a recommendation of compromise
and surrender. "To rid the metropolis of the
noxious sewage matter and drainage waters efficiently
as regards health and convenience, and with the least
possible delay," is riglil,tly enough assumed as a defi-
nition of the obligation imposed upon the Commission;
and if we add that the object is to be effected at the
smallest practicable expense, we shall be able to
agree with Sir John Burgoyne upon the premises,
and to 'start fairly upon the argument. His sug-
gestions express, or, to speak more correctly, they
comprise, the following principles :—First, that the
disposal of the sewage matter is a question essentially
distinct from that before the Commissioners, which
concerns only its removal; secondly, that the agent
in this removal must necessarily be water, copiously
supplied; and, thirdly, that soil-pits and tunnels are
excluded from consideration—the former by the con-
ditions of the case itself, and the latter by the impale--
ticabilities attending their construction. Now, as
regards the first of these points, there is, undoubtedly
much to be said for the proposed simplification of the
subject. Notwithstanding all that has been recom-
mended by argument, and even proved by experiment,
it may certainly be alleged that there is no absolute
warrant for believing that the whole refuse of such a
city and population as ours could, consistently with a
due speed and efficiency in its removal, be disposed
of at a remunerative price; and, since the provisions
required for such an ultimate application of the
sewage matter do most materially complicate any
system of drainage, it is not unreasonable to suggest
the dismissal of a consideration which would induce so
unwelcome a delay when action is so urgently re-
quired. All that can be said on the other aide is, that
a certain condition of the object proposed, viz., cheap-
ness of execution, depended on this very point of
employing the refuse as manure, and therefore the true
position of the question is as follows :—Granting that
London in itself is unfavourably calculated for an
experiment upon the availability of sewage matter, is
there, or is there not, already established upon this
point a probability strong enough to dissuade the
adoption of any system which excludes the eventual
employment of such a resource ? We think there
is, and a recollection of the illustrations which
have repeatedly appeared in our columns
will probably induce the reader to think so
too. The importance of the question lies in
this—that it does not concern simply, as Sir John
Burgoyne assumes, the general benefit of the country,
but directly affects the particular benefit of the metro-
politan ratepayers. If the sewage of the city could
be taken to fertilize the marshes of Essex, the
reclaimed lands of Essex would pay for the drainage
of London. The conditional dismissal, however, of
a consideration which has hitherto been made so
indispensable enables Sir John to take two steps
further in his suggestions. Assuming the object to
be not the preservation but the removal of the sewage
matter, he consigns it at once to the process of profuse
dilution, and then, having at last reached the great
and terrible question of final outfall, he calmly pro-
poses—to pour it all into the Thames! That the
river " forms the most central, the lowest, and the
readiest outlet ;" that such a proceeding " would be
the cheapest and most simple ;" and that a
i system
based upon such a principle " might be rapidly de-
vised and carried into execution," are all incontrover-
tible allegations. So cheap, indeed, atid simple and
easy is the device that, if it was to be adopted, there
was certainly no need of a commission of engineers
for carrying it into effect. The only objection to it
is just precisely that which has been brought against
every other uncovered ditch or sewer. The cases
are as similar as possible, for great as is the volume
of water at London-bridge, yet, considered with re-
ference to the enormous districts of which it is to
receive the discharge, to the incidents of its tides, and
to the agitation in which it is constantly kept, it
may be fairly described as bearing no greater pro-
portion than that of an ordinary town ditch to the
filth with which it is polluted. No doubt the river
is very low, very central, and very capacious, but
these very dimensions and capacities indispose us to
falsify all our sanitary assumptions by keeping such
a gigantic sewer uncovered and exposed in the
heart of the most populous city in the world. AVe
reject the proposal at once upon the plain and
simple ground that it does not fulfil that pri
mary and fundamental condition which Sir John
Burgoyne himself laid down. He and his colleagues
have " to rid the metropolis of the noxious sewage
matter efficiently as regards health and convenience,"
and this they certainly can never do by throwing it
into the Thames, for the immutable laws of time and
tide will bring it all back again in the course of a few
hours. Though Sir John overlooks this inconvenient
and intractable peculiarity of a tidal river, yet he
cannot disguise the " very general" objections to
which his proposal is liable, and he suggests the
existence of a " complete remedy " in the projected
liquefaction of the discharge, in the construction of
the dischersing channels, and in the proportion
maintainable between the volume of the river and the
current of the sewers. As regards the first of these
correctives, it is difficult to see what benefit it can be
expected to produce. Dilution may be very probably
useful in the conveyance and removal of the matter
from its first receptacles, but it must, to say the least,
be a superfluous expedient fur neutralising its action
on the Thames; since in whatever state it first reached
the river it must needs within a few hours afterwards
undergo as thorough a dilution as it could receive
from any previous process. Next, with respect to
the proportion borne by the polluting current to the
mass of water into which it rushes, this must natu-
rally remain what it is at present, when it is found
considerable enough to infect the entire volume of
the river at this point of its course. Sir John does
not propose to increase by any particular expedient
the waters of the Thames ; on the contrary, ho would
to some extent diminish them by abstracting very
large quantities for the use of local reservoirs, while,
on the other hand, he would actually augment the
discharge from the sewers by his suggested arrange-
ments. The only result of "improved construction
and material" in the case of the outlets must be the
conveyance into the Thames of the greatest
possible amount of filth, with the least pov,ible
loss from leakage, evaporation, or diversion.
At this moment a modicum of pollution is pro-
bably intercepted on its way to the river by the
imperfections of the sewerage ; but Sir John is for
checking any such defalcations, and for so ordering
matters that notone jot or tittle of the entire aggregate
of abominations shall be diverted from the bed of the
fliaints. This is certainly a consistent mode of
action; but how such an aggravation of the evils
denounced can be termed a "complete remedy," we
are wholly at a loss to comprehend. By Sir John's
own showing, he is to turn into the Thames a greater
proportion of filth than before, and in such a form as
to permeate and corrupt most speedily and effectually
the whole volume of its waters. We should be
reluctant, in a case less obviously comprehensible, to
adopt a tone of dictation, but so self-evident
is the justice of the present condition that
Sir John Burgoyne and his colleagues must
please to take it as an indispensable provision of the
future system that London is not to be drained by
transferring the filth from the streets to the river. It
needs no conclave of engineers to decide this point.
The first requisite for a Commissioner of Sewers is a
keen nose ; and if Sir J. Burgoyne has unhappily
lost the use of his nasal organ, all his engineering
abilities will profit him nothing. We repeat it, when
the Commissioners are debating the question of depo-
sitories, they must exclude the Thames ; and this
" prohibition " must even be considered "absolute,"
and "at any cost." The limitation doubtless
entails difficulties, but these difficulties are
precisely those which the Commission is ap-
pointed to overcome. We are anxious to see
some demonstration in this direction, but it must
take the shape of conquest, not of compromise.
Sir John Burgoyne's instructions enjoin the
purification of London, and, as the moat in-
feeted part of it, the Thames. To leave this twice
as bad as before would be a very strange interpreta-
tion of orders. His suggestions, however, contain in
another place a definition of the true desideratum
which may perhaps be pretty fairly accepted—" The
plan fur adoption should be that which would carry
off the whole matter to some available outlet in the
cheapest effieient way,but in such mane eras would afford
' facilities for intercepting and applying it as manure, a 3
a distinct measure." Suppose, then, that pending any
clearer proposition of the question the Commissioners
at once adopt this, and work up to the object so de-
fined by plain and visible advances. It will at least

1849.

preclude any further proposal or temptation to pollute
the Thames.

CITY COURT OF SEWERS.

Yesterday a Court was held at the Guildhall, Mr.
Deputy Peacock in the chair.
Mr. liairwAun, the surveyor to the Commission,
laid before the Court the bills of the expenses occa-
sioned by the compulsory drainage ordered by the
Court, in cases in which landlords had neglected the
duty imposed upon them by the Act of Parliament
for sanitary purposes, and peremptory directions were
issued to proceed against the responsible persons for
the discharge of the several amounts.
A complaint was made by the authorities of Bride-
well Hospital, stating that the property was injured
by the alterations and extension of the sewage of the
neighbourhood, through the means of which the
basements were affected at certain states of the tide.

The complaint was referred to the surveyor, to ex-
amine and report.
Air. Deputy LOTT gave notice of a motion to the
following effect :—" That no commissioner who is a
shareholder, or director, or solicitor, or architect, or
valuer to any railway company, gas company, water
company, or other project, speculation, or under-
taking, shall be eligible to vote upon this Commis-
sion whilst any matter of such company, pro-
ject, speculation, or undertaking, shall be under the
consideration of the Commission."

The inspectors of the Commission reported that the
duties of the scavenger i had been well performed
during the past week.—Adjourned.

SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE SHOW.

Yesterday was the first public day at the cattle
show, and the crowded state of the bazaar through-
out the day evinced the interest which the public
take in the rise and progress of the beef and mutton
with which they are to be regaled in the approaching
festive season. The Duke of Richmond, the Earl of
Leicester, and other notabilities connected with agri-
culture, visited the exhibition during the day, and
expressed their satisfaction in very warm terms.
A rather remarkable circumstance connected with
the present show is, that more than one-half of the
horned cattle are already sold, and, what is still
more curious, the best lots have been secured by
country butchers.
Three or four of the swell mob made their appear.
ance in the course of the day, but were soon detected
and removed.