The Sun.
London, England, 1838-01-16 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF "THE PUIMIC JOURNALS

present day, will make teen only more cunning in spy-
ing cut the wa',- to he with impunity. We fi,,e
some 'journals which once were furiously Radical, and which
now are slavishly Ministerial, spvtidir; seme indignation
and a good deal of book "Pligeosbidly" in reprohari:ig the
atrocities of thy; vralcrtlen in Glasgow and in Dublin. We
tell lliee,iflatirnalists that apologies would better becom-e
them than ink-nation. That which the.yrertoLte Is th• it
non work. True they did not ificuWie the brutal assault,
or the cooler atrocity or assassination ; butthey taught the
common people wilfulness and insubordination. They hal-
looed them on in every extravasranet; of self confideece---in
every variety of hatred scat contempt, with regard to tkeeen-
qituted authorities of the land. They ta4lt—false'y
taught—the people that they 1.40'41 Injured, despised, and.
oppressed by those above tieirn, and that, instead of frost-
ing to the laws, they should trust to political eervillitiritlons,
eyadinea but not directly violittilla St t h were
the instructions, repeated thy inter day, week after weak,
and month after rvicaltil, by these very journolista now
take such cr4t lo themselves, and AtteltAte so much merit
to Mr, O'Connell for denettrAng tyrannical combinatiotta
We give them little thanks for their late-leaeneltl wisdom,
and their loathsome affectation of riMe. They laboured
to produce the miseliief----th.q strenuously inculcated a
rebellious divpositien—a reliance upon ot.b"r powers for
enforcing real or fancied rinlits tl.e.n the law supplied
and, lo ! now they affect innignation and deep regret at
the natural fruits asuch teaching ! 1 thi-s hypocrisy,
or is it fricl'e impudence? WhirtlaCer it be, it is hate-
ful. And what is the new lesson which these public
instructors strive to impress upon the apt scholars they have
hitherto found? Now, indeed, they instruct them in poli-
tical economy, and gravely inform them that, upon the most
approved scientific principles, no good can result frOiti at-
tempts
to keep up wages by force. Most eacellent philo-
sophers! We can tell you that yOU will not find your pu-
pils so ready to listen L'a you now that you are fag encou-
raging the depravity of their nature and the Malevolence of
their passions. What signifies it to the combinators of
Dublin or of Glasgow that, in the opinion of the political
economists, the whole body of the wm`kmen in a given
kingdom, upon the arerage of a series of years, will be
better off if wages be tell to an open market than if any
constraint be uteri upon that market ? The trained bands
of ruffians laugh at such conclusions. These conclusions
may be true, or may not—it is nothing to them, They
are in the enjoyment of power, and it is agreable to them
to keep it—they arc gratifying their passions of cupidity
and revenge, and they will not forfeit that gratification
upon any instruction that, upon the whole, it is more
for the intereat of the workmen that they should do so.
What ig the whole body of workmen to them ? They
want no laws, whether of one kind or another. They are
equally revrilless of the restraints of political philosophy
as of those set forth in the Bible or in the statute husk.
Their own inclination is that which they have been taught
to look to—their will they have been accustomed to
regard as their law ; and they are not to be philostrk:u'd
out of a system it) agreeable to the most powerful
and the worst parts of human nature. It is folly—and
much worse than ordinary folly—to think of curing the
horrible depravity into which the " combinators" have
fallen, by scientific appeals to their interest, and especially
their temporal interest. Thay are vain enough of thela
capabahilities to he quite satisfied that they can judge for
themselves in such a matter quite as well as their instruc-
tors can. If they are to be cured at all it must be by
the strong hand of penal law in the first instanes, undoing
what Radical Conceitedness and error have done, and after-
wards by an inculcation of moral and religious duty upon
loftier authority than that of the political economists,
Morning Pnst.

'The :-lenses of Parliament reassemble this and
fir ,t subject brought under discussion will be Canada,
ilea
narrowest point of view, end under the most
.sicag-ro iorm in which Lord Glum,lg and his colleague,s can.
-contrive or will bo suffered to present it.. Of this design
of 'Ministers we, have abundant evidence in the papers just.
railntedfor the use of Parliament, no less than in the in-
t:itnetion of Lord John Russell before the adjournment,
:She. it was the purpose of himself end his brethren to
attlunit to the Legisl:turc " the measures" by which they
weennt to meet the emergency which had arisen in Lower
Canada. Now, nothing can be teme certain than that if
o he Melbourne Ministers expect to be let off so easy, they
lee reckoning without their host. if they expect that
the two Ilouses of Parliament will be satisfied with o
:,mere insight into the prospective means whereby these
-weak and sellish placeholde rs have at length pi evaded
apea themselves to patch up the consequences of their
own multiplied misdemeanours, they are in a sad mis-
take. lf, moreover, they imagine that either Parlia-
ment or the country will requ're: nothing further at the:i
hands than such an exposition of the causes which has-,
',a to this deplorable rebellion, or even with such a his-
tory of the lest nine months as is to be extrected from the
official correspondence in question, they, the 'Ministers,
will soon find out that they arc egreseioualy mistaken.
From the correspondence not one word can be detected
capable of throwing one ray of light upon the ptinciples
which Lord Gosford was sent to Canada to maintain.—the
objects which he contempleted (or the Colonial-office fo:
him)—the grievances which (if any) he was authorized to
redress, or those data with respect to the general condition
of the province upon which Her Majesty's Ministers wtrit
in their appoiolenent of the noble Earl, who it is false to
stssert was named as successor to Lord Amherst—for he
aucceedeol to no part of the duties which the latter noble-
man 'hail been selected to discharge. Lord Amherst had
been authorized to " redress" acknowledged grievances—
Lord Gosford was named as one of a Commission whose
business was not to " redress," but only to " inquire." The
statesman who commissioned Lord Amherst—we mean
Lord Aberdeen—affirmed broadly, in an enlightened and
memorable speech, on the 12th of June, 1835, that he had
employed Lord Amherst under the perfect consciousness
that the time for mere inquiry was even then gone past :
that many grievances were known, and ought to be effec-
tually remedied by " large and liberal concessions ; that
he could conceive no possible reason for withholding from
ti British colony" any privilege, right, or power, not incom-
patible with the political and paramount sovereignty
(which was never to be exercised but in extreme cases) of
the parent state ; that the time " was now come for
prompt end immediate action. I say, my Lords,
for
action." This was the language of an able Minister
and an honest man, and accordingly it Is a fact he-
yowl dispute, that the known sentiments and policy
of Lord Aberdeen were such as to inspire all reasonable
men of all parties, French Canadians na well as British,
with great satisfaction, and with confidence in an amicable
result. The mission authorised by Lord Aberdeen was to
act and to pacify ; that prepared by Lord Glenelg was to
procrastinate, to do nothing, and inflame. Lord Aber-
deen's project was cut short, because a Whig faction, sup-
ported by Messrs. H ume and Roebuck, turned his Lord-
ship out of office Lord Glenelg's has prospered marve-
lously—for here is Canada in open rebellion ! There
never was, we repeat once more, so indelible a stain
affixed to his own escutcheon by a Minister as by
Lord Glenelg in the present instance, through the
medium of this published correspondence. Indolence,
vacillation, imbecile blindness, are palpable in every
page. Why, after both Lord Glenelg and his deputy had
early agreed upon the expediency of raising' and invigorat-
ing the two Councils (the Legislatire and Executive) by
the addition of some creditable names to, each, and the
exclusion of those which were not so, it was in June 1837,
the termination of two years, that the Colonial Secretary
complains to Lord Gosford of his " not having yet" re•
ceived a report specifying the individuals whom the latter
personage would recommend for either office. It was in
the following month (July) that the Noble Secretary, not
being. able to make up his mir.d as to the choice which
ought to be made of councillors, but feeling that " it is
impossible to acquiesce in any further delay" (was it then
Lord Gosford who proposed it?), the drowsy Lord does—
what? He throws the entire onus of extricating the Ge-
vernment at home and at Quebec from the difficulty upon the
shaking shoulders of Lord Gosford, and actually orders him to
commission forthwith " any nine gentlemen" as Executive
Councillors whom he (Lord Gosford)- may think fit! It
was towards the end of last October, just one month before
the Queen's troops were attacked by armed rebels, that the
new Executive and Legislative Councillors wore sworn,
and their nomination, as might have been guessed, expe-
rienced the same fatality which has attended every other
act of this " liberal" and " conciliating" Viceroy—it was
made a fresh pretext for public meetings, a topic for in-
creasCd abuse and virulence against the Imperial Govern-
ment of Great Britain. It is manifest, Irons the whole
. "Course of their " correspondence," that neither the roaster
nor the journeyman had any distinct notion of the ground
on which he was standing, because neither of them had
courage to look Papineau in the face, or to own that what
he aimed at was not the redress of this or that particular
grievance, but simply a successful revolt against the British
sovereignty. Lord Aberdeen knew better. He would
have separated Papineau from his followers by a redress
of those wrongs which, though the agitator of the St. Law-
rence dwelt as lightly on them as O'Connell does upon the
individual wretchedness and destitution of his countrymen,
have been really felt by the Canadian people. But Lords
Glenelg and Gosford took the opposite course. They over-
looked the" people" who would have dealt fairly and grate-
fully by them, and attempted to play with Papineau, who
baffled and treated them with scorn. But if the noble Se-
cretary for the Colonies under Sir Robert Peel's Adminis-
tration was well acquainted with the genuine wants of
Canada, he seems also in the cases of Lords Glenelg and
Gosford to have thoroughly " known his men." In the
Lisle speech we have referred to (June 12, 1835,) the
noble Earl prophesies in the most distinct terms the total
failure of the Gosford mission, and declares, that in the
event ,of his anticipations being realized, he would move
ref a copy of the instructions which he himself prefaced and
tjc ivcred to Lcrd Amherst for the satisfactory settlement of the Canadian quarrels. This motion will now, of course,
be made, and will be accompanied no doubt by a parallel
in9tion for a copy of Lord Gosford's instructions conveyed
to him by Lord Glenelg, to be acted upon when he should
have terminated his " labour of love" as an inquirer into
grievances, and commenced his mock dominion as Chief
Governor. It will be curious at least to see such docu-
ments in juxta-positinn ; and it. will be due to the country
to call for the production not merely of Lord Glerielg's ori-
ginal instructions to Lord Gosford, hut of whatever papers.
at once illustrative of the state of Canada and of the met its
of Whig statesmanship, are still tied up in the Colonial-
office, by reason of the modesty of those delicate gent'erneit,
who are satisfied that their intellectual beauties should be
left to blush unseen. As for the propositions to be sub-
vu tted to the House of Commons this erening, there is
lit tie difficulty in foreseeing that they will seilk nothing.
They will palter, and proscrastinate, and leave all afloat ;
manliness and fixedness of purpose will be equally out of
the question.—Tinzes.
The recent trial of the combining workmen in Glasgow,
end the disclosures without trial respecting a similar sys-
tem of crime in Dublin, demand the serious at tent'on of
all who concern themselves in the moral. and political well-
ping of society. The horrible system of crafty, ferccious,
remorseless tyranny which certain portions of these work-
ing people exereisenver others of the same class in society
affords indeed a fearful example of human depravity. It
is an awful commentary upon the continual boait regarding
" diffused intelligence—the " march of mine—the " ele-
vating • influence of education" in gereral, and " Mech-
nics' Institutes" in particular, with, which the ears of sobea r
men have been stunned for some yews past. It is quite
clear that the persons concerned in these horrible
conspiracies ar@ neither ignorant nor stupid. It is
no brutish darkness of mind which leads to these
actus of savage cruelty. No—there is, on the contrary,
inch • abiiity—mach contrivance—much energy—ne-
cessary for the management of this fiendish system of op-
preosion.• These are accomplished villains. Their crimes
are the result of meditation, and are carried into effect with
that skill which sharp thinking upon matters diligently
studied could alone supply. These men are not the gross
instruotents of Governments or individuals, who take ad-
ll:sntage of their ignorance, but they have the intelligence
be well as the cruelty of fiends—they' are trained monsters,
abandoned to a reprobate wilfulness, which admits of no
check from any principle of stilanissivera-s3—wide}:, in the
pride of guilt., acknowledges no restraint from the laws of
God or of man. " Oh," it will bc said, " you are Tories—
you wish to keep the common people down—you would re-
fuse them education, lest they might become too powerful
for the Aristocracy, and you gladly seize en opportunity to
point out a system of crime among the working classes,
and to attribute it to education." Not so. It is with
feelings very different from those of gladness that we call
attention to the shocking exposures which have lately
been made of the conduct of educated working people.
We do nitt mean to find any fault with education, or
to diScourage education, by pointing out that the non-
e xistence of ignorance is t:o security for the non-
e xistence of crime. We do, however, mean to say
that stick disclosures prove that they who preach up the
diffusion of knowledge as a Sovereign panacea for the moral
ills which flesh is heir to are wrong—that education is not
enough if it be merely confined to making the human crea-
ture more clever than it was before—and that unless. the
heart and disposition be impressed with principles of duty
and obedience the " enlightenment," as it ij called, of tne

In yesterday's Advertiser appeared a report of the trio! I
and sentence of the (Ilasgow cotton-spinners, before the
Justiciary Court of Edinburgh. Tian, chief accusation
having, failed from want ci evidence, the prisoners were tented to seven years' transportation. Perhape there never
was a question wherein it was more necessary to exercise a
calm and dispassionate consideration than that of the ccm-
b,ination of trades, While the object of the combi-
nation is confined to the advancement of the trades' own
interests, without directly interfering with or attacking
the interests of others, there can be no tenable grounds'
of objection urged against such combination ; but
when, as has been partially proved both on the trial in
Edinburgh, and at the discussions which have lately
taken place on the subject of trades' combination in Dub-
lin, that a subscription has been regularly levied for the
purpose of paying individuals to beat or murder, as the
case may be considered to require, those incurring the hos-
tility of the combined body, the appalling atrocity of such
combination cannot be denounced in terms of commen-
surate disapprobation and abhorrence. With what is truly
a man's own he has undoubtedly a right to do as he pleases ;
and if a man have a right to anything more than another,
it must be to the disposal on the best possible terms
of the results of the skill and labour of his own person.
But "while thus contending for the rights of individuals
and Societies disposing of their exertions to the greatest
advantage, we denounce in the most unqualified terms all at-
tempts to dictate to or contreul other Societies or indi-
viduals and to organize a systematic plan of murder in
order to enforce such purpose, as an act of abomination
degrading to the age and revolting to humanity. If two,
three, or more tradesmen or artisans agree to trade with
the public only on certain terms, while there is no compul-
sion or force on either side, there cannot be any just accu-
sation made by the public ; but when force is employed to
compel others to participate in their combination, the act
immediately becomes criminal. " Live and let live"—
" Laissez nous faire"—" Let us alone," are, or should he
the basis of all trodinr, relations between communities and
individuals, No one hasa the right to interfere with another,
but all, so long as they avoid such interference, have the
right to do the best they can for themselves. This is the
simple principle on which all political, social, and commer-
cial relations should be based, and which, when once tho-
roughly understood, will be found the best link for holding
all parties in the howls of a mutually beneficial co-opera-
tion,—Merning Advertiser.

. . -
Canada Committee of 1828, And nrornsed by the (*over n- I
rnei.t, wais aeteetlt"tl v.! Ili ail t.ounaant joy and satisfaction
by the Assembly as an acquittance: in fell ; th it every ar-
ticle of the redress so offered ,'nrl so accepted was faithfu)ly
executed, with even a suraloslge of t,me,,,ssioi‘ whi.cli the-
Governraleat renti!',;us as it w. re of the Cothm:ttee's INe.-
ralifY, 'threw in, one might 'snr, out of the Ahund VICC dl
their hearts., and in ttl-ni 10;le, l'iy evincing confidence, to
inspire it .., that. thongh the execution of the promised con-
cessions was ret.'.rded by accidental 'elitines !l* home Go-1
vernments and I resser'e 'nil' hiime affairs, they were all ful-. •
fiiled—eo `.l'.'.h as depended on the Executive—bae the yeat
1832 ; end that, by their fulfilment, the raArt.y disaPileall
was broken up, the znett dt...0.!;'.l from the had, the men who
hed acted ltt the genuine sprit of reasonable British iede-
Onlence taking the part of the, Goee's'amit rcorri that
time f Ith, whit tbe et lets went their cell way,
mak-
13X pi,. _'allt-les where tlicv could not find them,. because k
1. evanees were theia• only food end :....ist..-l!eatation—the
ialicum of their path 1.'6 power. In fact, it w hid appear
ahat ae the Government became willing to redress an).
grievance, the Assembly became rePulaHY indiftel'ent with
Fcgard to it. And tlti.'', Vile writer attrAoutea to the gross
igtiortn`e, of the Canedian constituency, of which an im-
proper advantage is taken by the Members of the Asernbly.
0. "Se long," sass the Mind, "as grievances afl'orOed a topic
of deelareatioit against the Government they were pursued with
call eagerness and impetuosity ; when no more could be dont
with them than reli,ve the people feem an :dice-red evil, the
;Assembly suddenly became quite lukewarm and indifferent to
the subject. This, of c:ntrse, could not happen in any country
'where the voters exercised a sulutary control over their ?epee-
:au:Wives ; but in Cesare' Canada the misfortune is, that the
rcontittreney is deed to any lodgment of politics. The 111embet's
of Ase,...bly arc men whose power is proclittiotts, whose tespOn.
Isibility is aname,"
'rile aetliof Alai adverts with due severity on the petti-
fegging conduct of the House of Assembly in prslea a
resolution on the 6th of OceernV.ler, 16-'B, declaring that
on a perenakient settlement of financial affairs with their
dOlisCnt " it would be expedient to render the Gdvernofi.
the Judges, and the Executive C3uheillors Independent of
the annual Me of this House to the extent of their present
salon s;" and when every thing had been gik,en 00 to
them, even the causeal and territoiiai revenue, though eX-
ceptel in the recontmentiation of the Committee, turning
tonne on the Government and affirming that " there Wa§
no compact." lt is true, attYs the author, " Ministers ap-
pear to have hatd recourse to nothing in the nature of a
'dd W des.' They did not employ an attorne" Their
fault was in believing men Who beat the inost Slitifp-prfte-
tising attArtseyt quite hollow. We quote from the pamph-
let the following account of the split between Mr: Papitieau
and his associates and the ROTC tl!Sretattli Alen of tlid
Assembly ta-e
" Throughout the period until the preceding measures be,
came known, the same party which had, beeh itt the he 6.4 df
the petitioners' cause in I ei.6. remained knit t-gether. They
had all tloniairred in those cordial and praiseworthy acknows
ledgments of the Coinmittee's liberality which Inkvo beenalbleifi
quoted; but none of thent %tett illeti t 3 L 6 satisfied with
words ; ther twitited deeds, and in the meanwhile remained
a rain phalanx arrayed against the Government. It was af-
terwards, upon seeing the adoption of pror3eciliBg cattipietely
in accordance with tht oflgiiial demands of the people, that
all the ablest and most prominent members of the old opposi- •
tion refused to enter on the inauspicious career then first edit-
menced, and left Mr: l'Apie.eati ~lodlog almost atone, the only
public eltatattee of any previous mark to head the majority
which unfortunately the great personal influence of that stt•otig=
willed man, and the WO easy IWO° Of several of his
countrymen of tlee. Merle race, enabled him still to hold to-
gether. Amongst those who thus separated themselves
tl'evn the extravagant courses into which the Assembly
now hurried was John Neilson, a man than whom there
breathe t not one more honest on this side of the ocean
or that He who for several years was the very Atlas of the
Assembly, carrying them through all the more laborious part
of their duties, and keeping them within the limits which led
to success, by that vigorous good sense of which the want has
since been so lamentably displayed,—Neilson, whose shrewd
and ready understanding it was that may be said to have
gained with the Committee of 1828 the cause both of the As-
sembly and of the people (for at that time the interest pur-
sued by the one coincided with that of the other), was obliged
to renounce them at last, and fall back into private life. He
is now a sad spectator of the misfortunes of his country. To
any one who knows Canada, many other names, such as Stuart,
Cuvillier (one of the delegates in 1828). Quesnel, and Young,
will recal the nature of the further purification which the
Assembly had to undergo, before its reckless chieftain could
force the colony into a quarrel, with no escape but a Civil war."
On the state to which the question was brought by the
violence of the Ultras, the author thus observes :
" And now it may be asked with confidence, before even
going into the arguments which will speedily follow, can it be
possible that there should have been circumstances here to jus-
tify a rebellion? Is it possible that the refusal (in some of
tke cases, indeed, scarcely more than the postponement, or as
most the qualified refusal) of demands which were never
heard of until within the last four years, and of which the
most prominent were distinctly repudiated by the Assembly
immediately before that period—is it possible that the mere
fact of not having been able to carry all these demands equally
in these four years, can be a sufficient excuse for having first
wrenched the government out of its ordinary course, and then
summoned to revolt, on that pretext, a previously inoffensive
and peaceful people, whose laws have been preserved to them,
whose language has been put on an equality with English,
whose Church has been upheld, and who do not know what it
is to pay a direct tax? Even if the demands were reasonable
which it will presently be shown that they are not, but, on toe
contrary, some of them absolutely irreconcileable with the
essentials of colonial connection, and others with the no less
indispensable conditions of justice, could a few years' resis-
tance to such extensive changes—a pause—a space filled up
with all manner of other concessions—a check in the career
of concession occurrinr, only at the point where it
posed to subvert one 'Constitution and establish another—
could this be ground enough for a rebellion ?" was pro-
The people of this country are but too apt to suppose
that all institutions which are fitted for one society are
necessarily fitted for another. Man is the creature of cir-
cumstances, and the circumstances which render a repre-
sentative constitution suitable to the English and Ameri-
cans may be very different from those under which another
people have been formed. We had but too many ex-
amples of this in South America, where one revolution
has constantly followed. on the heels of another, and no
.
government can acquire consistency. The wanting of
tr .ining and inconceivable ianorance of the French Cana-
diles, according to this author, who, be it remarked, has
had ample personal experience to enable him to judge,
oppose formidable obstleles to the proper exercise of the
privileges with which they have been vested.
" Although," he says, " for nearly half a century the inha-
bitants of Lower Canada had possessed the privilege of elect-
leg one of the Houses of Legislation, the greater part of
them, certainly, had hot taken that interest it, the ordinary
course of public affairs, or enjoyed that diffusion of the simpler
elements of education, without which no system could he suc-
cessful that should throw all the higher branches of Govern-
ment into the hands of the people. Unable to read and write,
scattered over a vast territory, and never appro:lching the seat
of Government a population, such as that of Lower Canada,
must depend, even for the knowledge of facts, upon the words
of those delegates whom they ought to he able to call to ac-
count. The representative power is left without the only re-
srotisibility provided fur it by the Constitution ; and the t••n-
dency too surely is, that a few slitSuld wield the pretended
authority of the many, an oligarchy reign in the name of the
people. To any one who lass visited Lower Canada, this is
"letter not of speculation, but of observation. Taken in a
smaller circle, the accordance of similar privileges to the
people would have been excellent. The election of offi-
cers in a parish or township in a county, where
the evil of every careless or interested choice would
appear before the voters in a palpable and corporeal
shape, would have been a truly efficient means of training a
p,ople rather new to the duties of freemen. But in Lower
Canada we began by giving diem a popular power in one of its
highest forms alone ; the scene in which their delegate act,
Isretcuofniniodt
myu c tt
hdei s tga
en
nt
ei
rna tdan
of
rpec,lie:c:ett,se and
itnh
difficult
ffiocrcotun, lsttel igetuoe:- die; ioessleenootf'pmih)gei of experience such as
pre-upposes a high state of enlightenment ; and when this ex-
perirtent las signally failed in creating a lively and accessible
public opinion in Lower Canada, the Goverment bas found itself
m o: more
alreadyci‘crleisep responsibilities
ihbei'a. i‘tiiel
heavily
pnaotunretloie people
fwhichse
and called
duties
u up o
,n
ot
fo t Ihieee
on them."
But we must conclude our extracts far the present. On
a future day we shall retort to this pamphlet. We cannot,
however, aaoid here observing, that it appears after all, that
the French Canadians have not even had the justiticetion of
hating had their money taken from them. " There has
been no outward and visible sign to summon their angry
feelings ; their moneys still lie where so long they base
loved to keep them, buried in the vaults beneath the Cha-
teau-yard."—Morning Chronicle.

The business which shortened the recess, namely, the
revolt in Canada, will necessarily occupy the attention of
Parliament this day. There appears most seasonably, at
the very period of its re-assembling, a pamphlet on " The
Canadian Controversy," the production of a gentleman
who, in a pre'iminaty notice, states that " he has had some
occasion to make himself acquainted with the Canadian
controversy, and some opportunity to obtain a local and
rather intimate personal knowledge of men and things ia
the province." Though the pamphlet does not profess to
he official, and the writer, indeed, expressly " warns the
reader against supposing that whatever opinions he will
find here are any other than flee private opinions of
the cuthor," we think we cin venture to claim for
this pamphlet more authority than has been claimed
for it by its author, who has throughout scrupulously
supported his statements by a reference to official docu-
ments. Many men who profess a strong abhorrence of
bloodshed, and who said allow in the abstract that a people
should not have recourse to arms except in the last resort,
have yet strangely enough forgot their principles in judg-
ing of the conduct of the French Canadians. It is happily
observed by the writer of this pamphlet in the outset that—
" With a view to forming a judgment on the righ:s of the
present struggle, it is needless to discuss each stage of the
British Government's past policy. Throughout, until the
present crisis, that policy has been yielding. Whwever, there-
fore, may have been its merits in other respects—whether the
concessions that were successively made ought to have b-en
postponed or qualified, or as some think altogether withi-M—
-it is not the less certain that the fit return for them cannot have
been rebellion, and that those who most loudly demanded
them cannot Row plead these as their reasons for plunging
their followers into a deadly contest, their Church and insti-
tutions into danger, and their country at large into the miseries
of a civil war."
A fact is stated in a note with regard to the grievance
on which Mr. Roebuck has rung the changes, the failure of
the lteecivcr-General for upwards of 96,0001., and the
mismanagement of neglecting to take securities, b)
which the loss fell on the colony.
" What is certain," says the writer, " is, that the province
now ha; in its hands a very valuable landed estate of Sir Jo!in
Caldwell's (the Receiver), for which 150,000/, were offered a
couple of years ago, while the remaining principal of his
debt to the province does not exceed 52,000/., and that the
sale having been deferred till it can be effected to the satis-
faction of the 116 use of Assembly, a Receiver is in the mean
while appointed to gather the rents and profits on behalf of
the province."

Having briefly alluded to the relations between the
prov:nce and the British Government down to 1828, when
the Canadian petitions were referred to a Committee of the
House of Commons, the writer pronounces the followii g
opinion on the conduct of the House of Assembly prior to
anti subsequent to that period :
" The sitting of this Committee io 1828 fornr a very im-
portant era in the history of Canadian affairs. The epinit n
of the writer of these pages (and he wishes to lay particular
stress on the admission contained in the first part of it) is,
that up to that period the Assembly was right in almost every
one of the complaints which it preferred, and that in a re-
newed statement which it made of the same and of some ad-
ditional grievances in 1331 it acted in good faith, and with
good reason; but that when the whole of those grievances
were put into course of adjustment, and several of the most
distinguished, the most able, and most upright of the former
adversaries of Government were thus detached from the Ca-
nadian opposition, it was an evil-minded knot of men who
directed the counsels of the party that remained—men ren-
dered desperate by the fear of losing the power which they
had hitherto enjoyed through the wrongs of the people, and
therefore determined to spare no effort to prolong the quarrel ;
and that this was the spirit in which they fastened at last upon
a demand for constitutional changes, which, if granted, would
consolidate their dominion over all the institutions of the
country ; if refused, would serve them with a perpetual pretext
for keeping up confusion."
The author shows that the redress recommended by the

The Elrl and Countess of Shrewsbury are enter-
tainiug at their splendid seat, Alton Towers, a fashionable
party, anto,ig the company are, the Marquix and Marehionuess
of Carmarthen, the Marquis of Dauro, the Earl of Cadooan,
Mr. and Lady Juliana Bayley, Lord Killeen, &c. &e. "

DREAmING.—About twelve o'clock in the night
of Tuesday, the 19th ult., a young man, twenty years of age,
residing with his father, Mr. William Lewin, farmer of Le-
verington, near Wisbech, was awakened by a dream that
somebody was stealing his father's wool and setting the
granary on fire : he instantly arose, dressed himself, went
down into the yard, and perceived a light in the granary
where the wool was kept, but as the place was not On fire, he
suspected some one wai in it, and slily approached the stable
adk.ining ; peeping through a erCV2CC in the partition, lite
observed a lamp burning, and two men putting fleeces of
wool into sacks. In returning to inform his father, he saw at
a distance two more fellows with a cart and a horse, and sup-
posed they were waiting to receive the plunder. On Mr.
Lewin, tho father, being awakened, he got up, and they both
went down stairs, but fearful of attacking so powerful a ban-
ditti, they let out the dog, secured the doors and windows,
and prudently remained in the house till the thieves marched
off with the plunder. Fifty-eight fleeces were stolen, but
we arc happy to hear that six rogues have been appre-
hended.

THE SUN, 1.40 N DON, TUESDAY, JANUAR.Y-

Ci-?.44 OF CAI%-.4 &LS, III() K. STOCKS,
.

LONDON FIIIDAV, JAN. 12.
Price
Ntinpoi Di v, I,ilenil
CANAL S. per
;11'irc.r.. -Atitii',..?., , . , - •Pl'i,!. 1,1111,
.
1,74;"( i'C.,`. i'lint. .180 ton and Oldham.... AVertsge :la. ii,,,3. Ih. 1:*
I. 182 4/. Asi•day.,de.le- Zona, .. ....... Average 113/. sh. 35
1,:r0 finsiligstolte ..,..- ........ ~ ....... . ......... IC.OI. *h. 5
1,006 /. . Eke2..94 •,.id. 4hprgi7cujit -; i 5( • sh• Pit
3.'000 1-1.04 h DI. es, Stralionliili-oi 1.0511 rlt•tie :- .. ;:; 'it - ,f. 711- 2S)
4,0:11) Oittc A.,:i 1,1•Ccrpoo! J unct...1•2:11• rh. lir -pd 26
COO :7. Bridgow.diir and faunton ....WO?. *h. ail pit 61
400 4Z. . , , „, ,
C11911,,e.Y. nod Black water lOOl sh. Int
500 181. ..., -• • ......... • *; ",.01 sh 701)
CovCrip ;:"^r"--.1:.-t'; •
1.1515 .. !:, . r' 'l, i' i 4 iil po I- ii. 311.' A. 1,114.. eh. 3
2,0601 4). 03. Maley .... ... • _ itr,/. sh. r 3
o'l9 71. Derby
to,ooo ....,.... Ltariii,i,,,,, mil "i4:,Frie „. .. ....... ..
41/. 13s 41 pd 3: ?i
3,51;51 ;,/.. gt.te,irye Mid Cileitet ... :::Aveirle l'ol. Oa. 77
•-:.:•-i 4,0'. hip,p,A II ....... • I '''' • • . ''.ii. €ti. /00
1.297 TU. Firth ,iid Clyde 1 verve 1.114'..1.105. th. rlO
-
11,000 10/. Grand Jurietifir. l,io/. sh. 2-•:0
1',...149,1 It. Wind Udion", - ' ''• - -- -1001. sh. 25
1130 / t.ii.i. Cii-.,llSiiiiaiii ....i., , •' •• - -VW. sh. 20
10,0001. 11. prr emit . DIV o (optional) I.,,aii IIIVI. 70
3,t/91 Grand IVosterii
GM 13/. Pls. Id. Glam,,rganshire, Avr raze cost 1721. 1:18. 4,1. 210
. '749 Int: Glittithinu.,. .:.. . ••.., ~,,,
R ,tn V. Os Ililaael•s!ttlfl -• g'''''!2's ' 01; it.. 61, t.ll. 37
too Kensington 100 sh _an pct. 10
25,328 11. Is. Kennet •n 1 Avon, Average 39/.184.101. sh 24
2,071. 211. Leeds and Liverpool 100/.lh. (0.)
54;11 IV; I'o/ sh 20
It:iceitBr • •,' ' " " ' ..
.
I i',l-ii 4/. 1;/s. Ltlariecti Ind net t,,,.K1!'i1,tc.,i!,., A 'l,er ISf• :os. DI
2,400 'lO/. Monmouthshire 10u/ .sh. 2n,
1!) 181. Melton nowbray 10n1 •h. 200
SOO , 251, Mersey and irweil IOU/. sh. bll5
n,iiiil) 14 itii, a1.4,•0,.,irir.td• .•. • •- • i 00! sh all pd. 52
A.l 1.11,
Odor - 11_,0/,511: n 5
1,786 SO/. rd I 0,,/ sh. 530
2i4110 5/. Pen!, Fort-4 A vt•-1..;_,,e about 7SI. sh. 114
10.13 12s. Regeitrs (or London) Aver. 'lO/. IN. Fd. rh. NI
541:V9 1. Ptt Ont. .1.00-,11r.1e .14 - 1it!T;1:.../....^,critge 8•5/. eh. 111
WO 81. :Shropshire J'A.ll. eh. I:18
800 AL 10s. Soinerinq Coal 150/ sh. 151!
10/. Ids. sh.
3,600/. 41 percent Ditto bock ,ock Fond Stock
700 • 491; Ftnfrorti Ind Worcester I io/. sh. 710
500 Di. 8.1-ivestriri, • .., •• • •,• - • - 125/. sh. Oct)
`dish N
i. iltonrhritigit • -ihia 5t(a.13f4; 0. z3O
3,617 21. is. Strafford-en-Ay ii ... Average 791. 92. Cal. sit. 50
533 IV. w,i.tnstia
3,N2 It, 15S. ,-,rtrli ;mit Wye and Railway -Av 35/. sh. ON,
i,4l)olth. 321. 1:15. 'atilt and 151craj, I shire - - 1001. sh. 560
8,112 Thames 11.1 Niecivray...Afet. WI. fit 3,1, sh. 2
1,008 h./ thi Warwick add Birmingham lOO/. sh 265
108101sh:j
039 41. Waririek and llatit RV. sh. IRS
film .It.tis. WO:ft!! •t slid Plrtriliinhidl...4t,v.76/.98. sh 79,
1,0110 25a. Wilts an i Berk* .. Averagell7l. 11-11 r. r,). eh. 22
100 31. Wyrley and Essington lO5/. sh 75
i t-is - • Wisbeach . 1051. sh. 45
PO5 11. IVe2 atti Arun •- -• 110/.Bh. 911
MONO;
fifso.o* } Sp. so Commercial 100/. sh.
1,06514 h
428Pilit I tier tit. East India • 'Stock
1.2.311,:3T0 f 4 50s. n.et. Letlfth 41.4;?.....4 • • - ' Stock
limo Buda. Ji ... ' . oi;l2;ii,!
1,130,00111: 441. p; et. West India Stock
2,2119 D. I Is. 13filt‘il
0n,394/i 3.4, Per centi Datti, Notes, rations amounts
1,152,7 W 41 per cent. SL KAN:it'd:lj ii, ... 4:14:1...:4• •- • • Stock
501,15)0 41 per Ilea. Ditto Winds - .11.411. 441•4.1.
iOO,OOl 5 'Cr cent. Ditto Bonds tor 10 years
Slitirehain Ilnibtittr •
21'd ........ H!titlet,l 'lei:, •••,...-- - -901. sh. a/.
B RI 1111GLO.
I,fro let Hammeram,ti 5ll/. sh.
7,211 •• •• • Sbtithwark, Old ~,;;.......Ay. 63/ 2s Bd. sh.
.
1,!4!11 If, 11,111 Plitili Nei', 01-71 Per cent; ••• 'Ol. sh.
5,000 Waterloo
1,000 131. 11. Ditto, Old Annuities of '.,1. Ol. pd
i,qop lrhi: Id; Ditto, New Ditto of 71 4O/. pd
Pb,tlV. al: re instil. Olttid Otilids • • ,
bor 1• Its Vkiflilii,..i,,ii . :,:::2”siitr.7,o/: 10s. M. sh.
ASsi.l) RANCE comilAi;ir..i.
2,001 ft Ins Albion 5001. sh. 501. pit
(5 per cent
10,000 1 and .15...•1 Alliance, British k Foreign lOW. sh. 10f,/. pd
i0,011i) .ftpei ail 11111.6; Sisifilit
24,1510 11 per sh. Atlas •.- ~1304. ell. it.: p(i
1,200 Ish. el. Birmingham 1 ire 2501. sh. 151. pd
20;001) 41 ter spent: British Fire
112,14-in I. tier cent. ritltiSh,Ciirriinercial 501. sit 5/, pd
5,(1()0 si. percent. Clerical, MddiAlittls.l.l.fe 1C01;sh, 221.05 pd
4,000 21 IS County 100/. iti. 10!. pd
22,(k10 is. Eagle et. sh. 51. pd
„,,,,, ti Per ienta 4:-
F. taii got t„,3 a r•onotlie I.llc .ii •• - -100 W. sh. 250!. pd
11,271 225. per cent. lluropean Li.. . ithq. el!. 01 pd 29
10,0'0/) 2.1. Ditto, New FO/. sh. 2/. Ix! li
1,000•000/. 71. per ek Globe ~ Stock 155
20.000 Si' Gliardian ii..i lOO/. sh. 271/ pd 33
1.0,000 6%. 1181. Hope ............. 1
..... ...,•.ii .....•iiftol.oh. .41: pd 6
4,:410 it. 7s• Od. Imperiat Fire '5OO/. sh. 5411. pd 1261
7,500 Ss. Im-,,trial bile 100/. sh. 10/. pd 10
13,451 4/. per test. Indemnity Shrine... 11101. sh. 81. psi 19
2,021 sl 10s Kest Fire 50!. sh. all pd 112
11. Ditto Life
10,-00 .165, Law Life 100/. sh. 10/. pd 251
ö IRA/ 115. London, Fire 25/. sh. 121. 10s. pd 151
3,900 10s. Londcu, Shlii 951 sh. IW. 10s. NI 154
30,000 it per cent. Palladium Lifr 'll,ll/ sh. 2!. pd 211 s ild
50,000 4/. per sent. Protrs-tor For. "1)!. sh. V. pd 17.081
2,520 U. Provident Die IOW. sh. I:11. pd 19
100,000 Is. Rock Life 20/. sh. U. pd 61
189,200/ W. per rent. Royal Exch,hge stock... 2051
6,000 1 per cent. University I.ife lOO/. sh. 5!. pd 5;
60,000 4 per cent. United Kingdom Life
JOINT STOCK BANKS - _ ..

107
57,1
9)

25,004 8 percent. Agrie. and Cuinm. of Ireland 251. sh. 10/. pd
5,001 Australasia 4O/. sh. 40/. pd
10,004 10 per cent. Bank of Bi 1 mina-ham 5(l. eh. 101. pd
10,000 14 per cent. Birmingham Bank 5O!. sh. Si. pd
30,001 i per cent. London and Weatmiarter...lool sh. 20/. pd
3,000 4 per cent. lame:ster lOOl. sin 201. pd
116,0041 Liverpool 1001 eh. 101. pd
50,000 71 per vent Manchester and Liverpool] 400/..h. IN pd
Discount
20,0041 7 per cent. Manchester 1004 sh. 25/ pd
20,000 Provincial Bank of 1 reland 100/. sh. 25/. pi
201e0 National Bank of Ireland - 501. sh 111/. pd
10,000 to per cent. National Provincial Eng. - 1001. sh. 351. pd
10,000 Gloucestershire 5Ol. sh. 10!. pd
6,004 leper cent. Hampshire ' 5Ol. eh. 5/. pd
GAS LIGHT AND COM': COMPANIES.
3,500 Il Se 6tl Bath 'JO/. eh. 101. pd
5,000 British 4O/. sh. 161. pd
5,0041 ILI:1,7.7;1 Ditto Provincial 2Ol. eh. 19 1
0-211 5/ 108 Birmingham
1,2511 2/ Os Bristol 2o'. sh.
1,500 3/ 10a Brighton 2Ol. eh.
750 31 Ills Ditto, New
2,171 44 per cent. Brighton General 901. sh. all pd
4,000 41. Continental Consolidated lOOl. 6214 pd
1,000 10!. City of London '"01. sh. all pd
1,1101 6/. Ditto, New
I ,ono 4/.los. Equitable 'o/. pd
10,000 21 per cent. Imperial 5O/. sh.
MG 5L per cent. Isle of Thanet 051. sh. 201. pd
2,350 6!. per cont. Independent 9O/. sh. all pi
9,000 N. per cent. Phoenix 5O/. sh. 7391. pd
1,00(1 4/. per cent. Itatelill' 1001. sh. FO/. pd
-
4,011) South Metropolitan 5Ol. sh. 1111. pi
8,200 51. per cent. United General 5O/. sh. 461. pd
210 N. per cent. Warwick 501. sh.
4110 111. per cent Wakefield 251. sh.
120)0 3!. Westminster Chartered
6,000 12e. Ditto New
BC,O Yarmouth. 20/. sh. 18/. pd
WATER wort Ks.
4,800 9s. Birmingham 251. sh. 25/ pd
1,434 61. East London lOOl. sh.
5,500 21 10. Grand Junction ....Average 41/ 13s. 4d. sh.
2,000 2/. Kent lOO/. sh.
379 10/. Liverpool Bootle 220/. sh.
1,500 2110 a New hoer London Bridge Water Annuities
6,48(1 1/ ISa Manchester and Salford lOOl. sh.
1,000 4 per rent. Smith London 100/. sh.
8;294 4/, West Middlesex ....Average 63/. Its. !Id. sh.
060 11 114 York Building Co. Lessee Prop 1001. sh.
IRON RAILWAYS.
6,000 20/. pd
Birmingham and Derby ...
9,540 Birmingham and Gloucester 1241, pd
7,500 Birmingham, Bristol, and Thames Junction
15,( 00 Bristol and Exeter 1001. sh. 10 pd
661 Calcutta and Sainzur 5Ol. sh. 2/. isd
7.00 . ... Cheltenham and G. Western...!llol. sh. 741
3,009 ... Clarence lOO/. eh. 100/. pd
1'2,0(t) Commercial Blackwall 51-t. sh. 2/. pd
8,000 Dublin and Kilkenny.. lOO/. eh. 24 pd
10,000 Eastern Counties '5l. sh. 7,1. p I
.... ..... ((rand Junction 100/. sh. 95!. 1,1
Great North of England
25,1:a0 Great Western lOO/ sh. 551. 0
2,0,,0 112.rtlepoo'
3,000 Hull and Selby 501. *h. 101. pd
0,003 Leeds and Manchester 1001. ch. 5/, pdl
2,1110 3/. per cent. Leeds and Selby.- ..... lOO sh.
1,500 11.55. Leicester end Swannington ....50/. sh. all pd
5,101 10 per rent. Liverpool and Manchester...lo( /..1). 100!. pi
10 per cent. Ditto Quarter Shares "5/. pd
736,009 London and Brighton all. sh. 51 pd
12,1(4 London and Blackwell 5O/. sh 31. pd
elllOO 3 per cent. London and Greenwich -so/. SIC 20/. pd
25,00) London and Birmingham ...100/. sh. 00/. pd
Ditto Quarter Shares 5/ pd
2(),( 00 London and South ornpton ....`Ol. sh. 531.
Ditto ditto New..... !cl.
7,000 London and Croydon Trunk 5(1. sh. 2 I. p
7,0 0 Ditto Scrip l4/. sh. 5!. pd
12,000 London Grand Junction 511/ sh. 51. pd
10,004 11.-nehester and Birmingham-70/.Bh 51. pd
North Mistland 100?. Os. P 5/. pd
Northe'i and Eastern lOO/. sh. al. pd
2,600 Preston and Wyre 50!. sh. 6'l. pd
01,+ 1) ...... .. South Eastern and Doerr 7l. psi
1,1010 le/. per cent. Stockton and Darlington !Wash.
1,01)0 ......... This. ee I laren 5O/..h 2/. 10s. pd
1,4(4) Westminstei and Greenwich Si)!. sh. 2/. pd
6,000) York and North Midland 5O . sh. 01. pd
MINES.
2,000 Albion Copper 5/. sh. nit. pi
1,000 I/. f's. .1 lben I ,l. sh. 121. Ills pd
10,004 ... ..... Anglo Mexican, iss. 51. pm.... 1001. sh. all )el
Ditto Subscription .9.5/. po
2,000 1 1. Bolanos
10,000 11. Ios Braailian Imp iss. 5/. pm 15/. sh. 20/ id
6,1), 0 Macatilias az Ciscacs United...2sl.Bh 2341. pd
11,1 00 Ditto St. John Del Rcy 201. sh. 111. pd
10,144) notirAr Copper Company 20/. sh. 211/. pd
10,0(10 ...- .... Dittts Scrip 10/. sh. F./. pd
20,000 British Iron y'l. ih. 5,/ psi
6,000 British Copper 5/. sh. 131. pd
Cato Branca... 64/. pd
Can longa ......
I! Copiapo 2O/ sh 1211 pd
Colitinbian, iss, 51. pm.
English l2l its. pd
General Mining Association...2ol. sh. 15/. pd
Mexican Couipatuy Bata sh 551/. pd
Polherou Consols. l(7. sh 3/. pd
Real del Motile, Unregistered
Ditto Loan Notes l5O/. psi
United Mexican, iss. 2 pus ....401. sh. all pd
Dit t. Scrip
Ditto New Scrip 5/ isd
West Cork 5'.1. sh. 50/. pd
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
1,000 London, with Bronze Ticket ...... ...1531. sh.
1,500 London University 100/. sh. all pd
100 Russell O/ga. sh.
King' College lOO4 pd
MISCELLANEOUS
10,000 15s. Australian Agrirultural....loo/. sh 2T.4/. psi
6,000 4/ rcr cent. British American Land Company.,. 21)f. lei
;o,o'o 61 per cent. Canada Compans' 1001. sh. 2111. pd
200,00 51 per cent. Upper Canada Loan
City Bonds, 4 per cent
15,000 I/. fis. General Steam Navigation ...151. sh. 131. pd
1101. per cent. Hudson's Bay Stock
2,000 It. London Cons. Sale Rooms Av. 75/. sh.
4,000 Caoutehotic Company 251. sh. 21/. pd
New Brunswick Land Company 4,1. pd
4,75,4 5/. per cent.. 11rversionary Interest Soc 100/. sh. Inn/. lxi
2,4571 bl. per cent. Ditto New 100/. sh. 71/. pd
1,4441 '1 homes Tunnel 50/. sh. all isd
11%000 6s, Van Die [lnn's Land 100/. sh. 17/. pd

31
240
04

10,000
5,500 ••
2,530 5!.
6,15")
'1,0( to
11,500
?0,000 ......

19
1j
11
127 j
Ali
fi

LIST OF SCOTTISH. COMPANIES' PRICES

DEC. 30, 1837.
BANKS.

/.500,0044. 61. p. et. Bank of Scotland ......83/. Gs Sd. sh. all pd 100/.
2,000.0 V. 51 p. ct. Rov•tt of Scotland 1001. sh. all pd 1011.
r,00,01(1. op. ct. British Linen Company 1001.5 h. :.I1 pil 20,1/
3,000,00C1. 61/. p. ct. Commercial 5OOl. :h. 100/. pd 1701.
6,100,000.. , .. ct N., tional lOO/.211. 101. pd 10/.
2,000,0(101. 61. p. ct. Olzsgow Union 211/. sh. 00/. pd C9'.
g,000,009/. 4p. ct. Western of Scotland 2001. sh 301. pd 391/.
INSURANCE COMPANIES.

.)5, .000 sh 611). ct. Scott;sh Union 901. sh. 1/, pd fris
-,500 61 :). ct. Hercules lOO/. sh. 101. pd 13/ 15.
'mo* sp. ct. Insurance Co. of Scotland ....101. sh. all pd 6/ 5s
50,000 6p. ct. North British .2001. sh. 10/. pd CI.
I,OIXI sp. ct. Caledoni:tn Fire 100/. sh. 10!. pd 10! 0.
5,0“) Cp. et. Edinburgh Life 1001. sh. 104 pi 14/10s
100,000 2; p. ct. West of Scotland lOl. pd it Ps
MISCELLANEOUS

4,510 Edin. and Was. Un. Canal 501. sh. all pd '2 `2 1 .
Ditto Allocated 9(01. sh. all pd G3l.
5,100 5 per cont. Edinb. Joint Sttlyk Water 25/. sh. all pd 84/
Carron Iron i 'off:patty ,30/.sh. all pd 43/.
?,000sh 15 per cent. Shotts Iron FounOery 50/. sh 3,1. pd 4.i1
10,047.) 3 per cent. Edinburzli& Leith Glass 201.0. i 6/. IA si/
4,500 !Opel: ent. Edinburgh Coal Gas 251. Ell, all tat 581,
4,450 10 per cent. Glasgow Gas 251. sh. all pd 61/
759 7i pet" cent. Leith Coal Gas 20/. sh. all pd 45/
1,206 Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway...so/. sh 1.01.
2,000 5 ptr rent. Equitable Loan Company 25/. sh. 91 pd IC/.

(ADVERTISEMENT.
T I E I.)LNG 'S ASS CCI .1-

TION.

to reeetaldish it. ilndA' the plea of fighting against hip-ery
and abeelreism, cur rulers sent tht.ir bands of ignorantessassins,-
to enable another set of plunderers, worse even titan the
fernier, to keep belt the progress of freedom. And by their
tieell..cirtfanized system cf falsehood, too successfully imposed
the befit tor epular credulity. But the republican insurrec-
tions at Cadiz and all the prize towns in fermi'. of the
Constitution of 1812 (which
m were suppressed by English soldiers
and sailors), give the lie to those who contend that they were
sCtlt there to tight in favour of freedom.
Snider demenstrations in favour of liberty have been
crushed in Portugal; rtiel that by similar means—proving,
that though the despots of the world may quarrel for territory
of plunder, they arc cordially- united to keep the pee le in
subjectioti.
Fellow-producers of wealth, seeing our oppressors arc thus'
united, WHY SHOULD NOT WE, TOG, HAVE OUR BOND OF
eitofereiroon AND lIOLV ALLIANCE ? Seeing that they ate
powerful through cur ignorance, ashy should not we unite to
teaeli our brethren a knowledge of their rights and duties?
Perceiving that their power is detived from our ranks, why
gliottld not we unite in holy zeal to show the injustice of war,
the cruelty of despetien, and the misery it entails tyon our
specii-s?
Be assured, brother Deettoerate, that the success crow prier.-
cilcl s, the consequent happincati of Mankind, will hese
depend on our urilon and knowledge. We must not rely ent
the mere excitation of the multitude to condemn bad men or
nitigtlrte, or to ch inge ore despot for another—we must IN,
blur to ditlase. such political, social, and moral information
among them, as shall eeeble them to found their institutions
on principles of equality, truth, end justice.
And what man can look around him and witness the govern-
ments that any ways approximate to those principles of liberty,
and contrast tile comfort and happiness of the inhabitants, with
those founded on exclusive power and privilege, without being
pfereesessed in their favour ?
Those of the Cantons of Switzerland, where universe',
suffrage is established, trades, manufactures, and agriculture,
combined, in spite of fat eign intrigues and persecutions are
blessed with intelligence and happiness in proportion as they
arc free. The republic of America (cursed as it is with rem-
nants of royal dominion,) is a beacon to freedom, and even
the inhospitable shores of Norway bear witness in favour of
democracy.
Let u', therefore, brethren, cultivate feelings of fraternity
among nations, and brotherly union in our respective countries.
Let es not be so ignorant as to allow ourselves to be oonvorted
into soldiers, police, or any other of the infamous tools, by'
which despotiern is upheld and our brethren enslaved. Let us
be prepared to make any sacrifice in the dissemination of
truth, and to cultivate feelings of toleration between Jew:,
Catholic, Protestant, or Dissenter. Let us respect the con-
scientious belief and opinions of each other ; knowing how
much depends on the education we receive, the books we read,
he conversations WO hear, and the Government we live under;

TO THE WORKING CLASSES OF EUROPE, Aq's
ESPECIALLY TO THE POLISH PEOPLE.
BRETHREN reply to ft e nem.e,ats who le cently
addressed us, we beg it might he encierstOatir, et,!: enly by
them, l,ut l:y the wor'eing, classes of Europe; that while we
afe tO diffuse a know], dge of true princi-
ples among our own brethren, are not unmindful of that
great principle of Demosraey that " all mankind aft' Proil,crs."
slnd theugh the .e-version of truth and justice has called
forth the c]';clusiVe of the few, to conspire and rebel
againh the happiness of the maey ; yet knaryledge
have exland_d the intellect of mankind, they esseredly
petccie thet all tine nations of the esr h have, in reality, bet
one brothrrly interest.
Possessing this conviction, we feel Perg'.faleel that every cf.
fort thst can be made towards eradicating those naficiflal pre.
jadices and 1,1!,oil which the selfish and despotic
rulers of Mankind have implanted e.rifl rerpetuated for tt.eir ad-
vantage, will tend towards that great consumniaf 0* "ational
and Universal Itirppiness, when equality of rights shall be esti:
blisl'ed,and when " own Shill! Ifiz,e one anotlar."
And we know no better means of etreeting this righteous
object, than by availing ourselves of those great rigLO
privilegeS of hilffiatiity eount•:, men have achieved through
persecution and death, and ii7lik•lt y0.!,7 oppressors have un-
justly deprived you of, or prevented you from vbtai,ing—we
mean the right of investigating and inquiring thresigh the
means of public mecilny.7, open discussions, and the press
(stamped and trammelled as it is), nbiela is the most desirable
form of government—the best mode of instfiXtiog the people
—the mojt eamorpical mode of producing wealth, and the bast
means of its just dist,ihtition—sand of causing all the corrup-
tions and anomalies of Church, State, and belividuals, to psss
in review before the great tribunal of public opinion, frem
vhich all powor should emanate, and to which alone it should
he re'ponsible.
True it is, that the friends of freedom, throughout the Con-
tinent, have; ust cause to remember with feelings sit (Accretion
the base eondtwt of site Government of England, in secretly
undermining or openly Oppo:iit livery attempt they have made
to check the inroads of despotism, or to advance the cause of
Demoerey; 'But it should be remembered, that the name
rampant spirit of Arigtoeraey, which by a corrupt legislative
assembly, a hypocritical money-loVing priesthood, and a stand-
ing army of soldiers, placemen, pensioners, attl eepectants,
keep the Woelsinrs., millions in ignorance and subjection ; have
been, and still continue tO be, the persecutors of liberty through-
out the world ; and not the reflecting portiOri of the people of
Englgtid:
But, brethren, We think we have discovered the great secret
of their power—it is our ofilri iynorauce qt society and of go.
vernment, our prejudices, disunion, and diettost j and we teed
that our enlightrsnment, union, and confidence, will beat dis-
solve this unholy comeaa of deepotism.
Fellow- Workmen, have you ever atoned yourselves by what
powerful spell are the productive millions of Europe held in
subjection to a puny, itOignificant number of human beings?
If you have not, begin now to Inquire; and we think that
reflection Will convince you, that the people themselves have
raised up and conlintit • to support those few idols of wealth
and power, which constitute at dnCe their fear and adoration,
The friolish nepirations after power, the lust of riches, and the
servile fear difftised thiroughout society, prepare mankind for
the concentration of their ouin Jetlinlpf,in the power; pomp, and
pageantry of a Crown.
WhO—instead of questioning the choice and fitneSe, for of-
fice are the first to iedw ikfore the antiquated name of royalty
—to admire the splendid show stild littleness of folly--s.to swell
the shOish train of flatterers, who, by their e'rinesings make and
mould the tyinitit '.-who but the giddy unreflecting people?
By whose labours are the eitedels and fortifications of files,
P otinn erected, and all the waste and profligßey of courts and
camps upheld ?--eThepeople's, who glory in the means which
keep them slaves. Where, but from the ranks of labour, hnee
the despots of Europe raised their aliting slaves to keep
their brother slaves in awe ? Who, but the people themselves,
form the warlike phalanx round their tyrants' thrones, and glory
in the privilege to wear their slavish trappings, and at some
minion's bidding, drench the land with blood?
Who, but the people, toil from birth to death, and thou-
sands pine in misery, to stipport these idle few in all their op-
pressions and debaucheries, and think it just to do so ?---nay
bow before the hireling priest who impiously declares that God
has ordained it •
Democrats of Europe—you aspire to place liberty upon the
throne of justice—to establish the laws on the basis of equa-
lity—and to awaken the dormant faculties of mind to appre-
ciate the social and political happiness of our race—be nastired,
that though the power of despotism can check the progress of
knowledge, it is the ignorance of our brethren which generates
and fosters the despot.
What thousand ineffectual efforts of freedom have been
crushed by ignorance ? How many millions of generous hearts,
panting for liberty, have been sacrificed by the allied despots
of Europe ; backed up as they have ever been with the igno-
rance and fanaticism of millions ? When young freedom first
broke her bonds of servility in France, and proclaimed the
eternal rights of humanity, how few of her enthusiastic sons
could appreciate the blessing ? When in noble daring she
stretched forth her hand to emancipate Italy, to enfranchise
Germany, and to raise up Switzerland from her political le-
thargy—what were the powers that paralysed her generosity ?
The ignorance and prejudices of the masses ; subjecting them
to he the slaves of priests and nobles, and the blind instruments
of the wealth and title-hunting minions of despotism: The
" altar and the throne" formed the magic spell by which Eu-
ropean despots kindled the flame of loyal fanaticism, and, the
blind confidence reposed in an ambitious chieftain, rivetted
anew the chains of kingcraft and priesteraft. Her subsequent
struggles for freedom have again been fruitless of benefits to
those who bled to effect it—the courageous few who broke the
dominion of legitimacy in France, and who sought to esta-
blish equal rightsfor all, were constrained by the prejudices of
the many in favour of royalty, to set up the idol of wealth on
the ruinsatf privilege.
The strange infatuation and foolish fears which cause the
present electors of France to support a soulless tyrant in
power, who, despite of oaths and protentations, has sacrificed
one by one the liberties of their country, and now mocks them
with his boasted alliances with despots—afford another pre-
sumptuous proof that principles are sacrificed by ignorance ;
or that conviction of mind has yet engendered determination
of purpose to expel such perfidious tyrant from their soil.
The brave Belgians, touched by the electric spark excited
by the heroes of July, united in subduing one species of des-
potism to fill the united victims of another. Their pauper
King, by exciting national prejudices against Dutchmen, by a
corrupt press, and a system of German espionage, have suc-
ceeded in nullifying their revolution, and in keeping back the
tide of political improvement—the work he was set by Whigs
and Tories to perform.
In turning to Poland, the land of Kosciusko, what, let us
inquire, was the curse that withered the principles of her
ancient liberty, and hastened her downfall ? It was the curse
of privilege. It was the prejudice of caste, the offspring of
ignorance, the source of political and social degradation, that
paralized the enthusiasm of the generous few who sought to
free their country.
But it should also be remembered, that the nobility of Po-
land, by diplonizey, intrigue, and domestic despotism, were
the immediate or accelerating cause of her subjug,a.ion.
Taking advantage of national prejudices, by holding the mil-
!ions as property inseparable from their soil, they destroyed
the only effective energies that could resist the thsolating pro-
gress of Russian barbarity.
When the news of her recent struggle called forth the sym-
pathy of every friend to freedom, what was the reason assist-
ance was withheld them? The people of France had foolishly
prostrated their liberties before their Citizen King—the pro"-
totype orNicholas himself. The English, charmed with their
Sailor Idol and his reforming Ministry, lauded and admired
their pacific policy !—like their successors, very pacific when
despotism is crushing the liberties of a country, but vigorous
and warlike when liberty has the chances in her favour (as
their present policy in Canada testify). The Russian tyrant
thus secure, and openly encouraged by the despots of the.
Continent, recklessly p ursued his victim—not a vtice was
raiscd to cheer, or an arm to defend her—Poland was even-
tually conquered—her sons have been persecuted and scattered
through the earth, acid her daughters have become the reward
of her ferocious spoilers. Heavens grant that her children
may gather such seeds of democracy in their exile, as at no
distant perk(' may be planted in their cherished country, to
produce the fruits of national freedom and enlightened bro-
therhood.
Passing onward to the German and other despotic states,
what let us ask, has generated their iron system of injustice ?
Why are sit the powers of each state (the laws, revenues,
Church, education, end the press) vested in one man ? Evi
dently because of the ignorance of the multitude; an enlightened
people never would submit to despotism. Whence came their
soldiers, spies, and iefermers, but from the ranks of the
people ?—and who would consent to be such miscreant tools of
despotism, but the morally depraved and mentally ignorant ?
It has been the enlightened few in all countries whose (-mic-
rons efforts to improve their species have been frus:n'ed
through the cowardice or servility of the masses; and b",-'.en
made to bleed on the scaffold, to
pine in the dungeon, or be-
come wanderers through the world.
Need we revert to Hanover, where the prejudice in favour
of hereditary sway has enabled a Tory. chieftain ,to set aside
constitutional tights, and play the tyrant with impunity;—and
shame to the servility of that country—the conscientious pro-
fessors of Gottingen have been banished at the Royal man-
date, because they would not break their oaths to enslave their
country, Think you, if the intelligence and courage found
among the students of that city pervaded the multitude, such
infamous tyranny would escape the justice it so highly merits?
In Italy, where liberty ha's stamped immortality on her very
ruins—where every step i ecalls the greatness of the past to
mock the littleness of the present—the multitude (slaves to
priest or prince) are insensible to the lesson. The ardent few,
who, brooding over their illustrious forefathers, catch the in-
spirations of freedom, are, by the supineness or treachery of
their brethren, made the victims of Austria. or of the petty
princes who are the jackals of his power. Young Italy, like
the young in all countries, where knowledge has enlightened
the understanding, is virtuously resolved in favour of liberty;
but the old sins of ignorance, prejudice, and fanaticism, dif-
fused among the masses, form a drag-chain to their progress—
a barrier to their freedom.
Throughout the Continent the efforts of democracy have
ever been checked and blighted by the same retarding cause.
The Greeks shook off the yeke of Turkey ; the despots of'
Europe united to give them a child to ride them, and England
the means to uphold his despotism. The Spanish democrats
rose Against the union of priests and nobles, and proclaimed
die Constitution of 1812, and abolished that retarding curse et'
just legislation, a privileged house of nobles—our rulers end
yours, through the ignorance of the multitude, have intrigued

let us leave persecution for opinions of every kind to despots,
and resolve that henceforth it shall not be found in the ranks
of labour.

The organs of Government, at this moment, nrc endea-
vouring to weaken our sympathies, by exciting our preju-
dices against the French Canadians. The party who seek to
keep Ireland in subjection, seek to excite our feelings against
Catholicism from the same motives ; therefore, let us be as-
sured, friends, that all those arc the enemies of the people who
seek to oppose that great Christian precept of " lose 50d
charity."
With the view of generating inquiry among the masses,
and stimulating the few to renewed exertions, we have stated
what we conscientiously believe are the great obstacles to
human liberty. But let not our enemies believe that we think
our brethren less competent to exercise their political rights
thnti those who now possess them No !we regard the fran-
chise as re best of schoolmasters, and we point to the intelli-
gence of America and Switzerland as proofs of the correct-
ness of our opinions,
We remain, your fellow-labourers, in the cause of truth and
justice, the Members of the Working Men's Association.
Signed by the Committee in their behalf,
WILLIAM ISAACS, Type Founder,
Joins CLEAVE, Bookseller,
THOMAS WHITE, Hatter,
HENRY MITCHELL, Turner,
RICHARD CAMERON, Brace-maker,
JAMES LAWRENCE, Painter,
THOMAS IRELAND, Warehouseman,
JOHN ROGERS,
WILLIAM DIXON, Surgical Instrument-maker,
JAMES JENK 'MON, Engraver,
ARTHUR DYSON, Compositor,
ROBERT HART WELL, Compositor,
HENRY HETHERINGTON, Treasurer,
WILLIAM LOVETT, Secretary, 6, Upper North Place
Gray's Inn Road.