The Sun.
London, England, 1822-02-28 00:00:00

SUPPLY.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER moved the
Order of the Day for the House resolving itself into a Com-
mittee of Supply.
Mr. HUME was particularly anxious to gain the attention
of the House for a short time. He found himself placed in
rather a novel situation, in consequence of what took place in
that House upon a former occasion. He had been accustomed
to bring forward statements and facts, and, upon the last
occasion of his doing so, the Honourable Secretary of the
Admiralty thought proper to contradict him in a manner
most flat and positive. Now his present purpose was to thew
to the House, that the Hon. Secretary in so doing had read
from the Estimates figures which were not to he found there,
and had stated the totals at an amount widely different from
the reality. He did not pretend to make fine speeches, his
forte was not in sarcasm and ridicule.—(Cheers from the Op-
position.);--He came forward with statements upon the public
Estimates, and he expected to be met with some degree of
fairness and candour.—(Hear, hear!)—The Hon. Secretary
bad every advantage over bins; he had the power in the
House and out of the House. Out of the House, because he
had every access to private as well as' public official documents.
Yet .he came down to the House the other night, when he
(Mr. Hume) brought forward his motion, and said that be
happened to have by chance the official papers which referred
to the subject, which papers were not, in fact, the official
papers. Although the Hon. Secretary said that he (Mr.
House) did not know wotad from -stone, or ships from bar-
: racks ; but he hoped that lie•,knew inistatements from facts,
and truth from falsehood.—(Hear, bear, hear!)—There were
two very important facts of his speech to which he would
call the attention of the House. In his statement, be
laid down that the Estimates voted by the House in
1817 for the naval service 'of the year. was 5,985,4201.,
being 4,009,0001. more than the estimate for the present
year. He would now shew that the Honourable Secretary
had made a blunder upon this head, for he'stated that
671,1001. should be added to the Estimate of this year, which
would make it six millions and odd. He-had now subMitted
the papers to an Hun. Gentleman, and also to an Hon. Ba-
ronet, and he had verified every item of his statements,' and
proved them to be correct front the Estimates. He had
brought down the Estimates, and he could shew the House,
that in the flat contradiction which the Hon. Secretary had
thought proper to give him, he was altogether in error. He
was not aware that the sam which he added to the Estimate
was for the paying off the Navy Debt, and • not for the ser-
vices of the year. The House would recollect that the Hon.
Secretary called upon them to remark, that he had forgot
to add the 671,0001., making a total of six millions and
upwards. He thus shewed that he did-not 'understand the
difference between sums voted for the service of the year,
and those appropriated to paying off the Navy Debts, He
begged here to remark, that Owing to those mysterious means
by which the debates of that -House got before the public, an
Evening Paper had given his speech verbatim from a certain
Morning Paper, whilst that of the Honourable Member was
not, but appeared to have beenrevised and corrected. There
was another of his statements which he bad also verified,
with regard to his assertion, that, since 1815, 17,000,0001.
had been expended in repairing and building 'ships. The
Honourable Secretary had taken hold of his having once
said " tear and wear," for the purpose of making a laugh.
He assured the House that any one was perfectly free to
use the same means with him, if they would but stick to
the troth.—(Cheers from both sides.)—He knew he exposed
himself to it, and he must accordingly take his chance.—
(A laugh.)—He who went to the wars must expect blows.
The same channel, which gave his speech to the public, sta-
ted, that he said the 17,000,0001. were expended upon the
navy afloat and ashore. In one year of the period he had na-
med, the expence of rebuilding and repairing ships of war
was 8,566,8981. The Hon. Secretary said there was only five
millions in the whole time; therefore lie was out three mil-
lions upon one head. The total for the seven years commen-
cing with 1815, he contended was exactly what he first stated
it to be. If they were to carry on the debates of the House
for any good or useful purpose, Hon. Members should not
give flat contradictions where the; were not prepared to sub-
stantiate them. This was particularly imperative upon Mi-
nisters, because they had access to official sources of informa-
tion. He concluded by moving as an amendment, that "in
order to enable the House to judge of the propriety of voting
the supplies for the naval and marine establishments, and for
those of the Ordnance, for the year 1922, it is expedient that
there should be laid upon the table such Estimates in detail
as would point out in what manner the sum of 1,781,3251.
was to be appropriated."

Mr. CalifiEli said, he was desirous of beginning with giv-
ing the Hon. Gentleman a degree of credit, and paying him a
compliment; and the reason why he wished to do so thus
early was, because he was only likely to do it once. He had
no doubt but that the Hon. Gentleman was perfectly sincere
in his statements the other night, or else be never would have
revived the subject again. He (Mr. Croker) pledged himself,
however, once more to disprove all that the Hon. Gentleman
had advanced; and, to use a common expression, the Hon.
Gentleman would only find himself deeper in the mire by his
struggle to get out of it. He pledged himself to convince
the House that all these repeated statements were either
false in their =mint, or, where they were correct in their
amount, mistaken in their meaning and application. He
would begin by clearing away a few obstacles which the Hon.
Gentleman had thrown in his way, though they were not
closely connected with the merits of the question at issue.
The Hon. Gentleman had insinuated that he (Mr. Croker)
had access to private documents in order to make out
his case. He declared that be had made his calculations
and statements from nothing but the printed estimates
upon the table of the House—(Hear, hear !)—and ❑pon
that information had his triumph been founded, and not as
the Hon. Gentleman stated it to be.—(Cheers.)--The Hon.
Gentleman further• stated that his speech had been given in
one place as a sort of plagiarism from a certai►► Morning Pa-
per, and that his (Mr. Croker's) had been revised and cor-
rected. He would assure the Hon. Member, that, as far as
he was concerned individually, he had never corrected or
looked at a speech of his own before going to the press, ex•
cepting upon the Duke of York's Investigation, and once
upon the Catholic Claims; and that he had not written one
word in a newspaper for these two years past. The Hon.
Gentleman had informed the House, that a kind of out-door
Committee had sat upon his refuted statements, consisting
of an Hon. Friend of his and an Honourable Baronet, who
was famous for surmounting obstacles, by cutting off corners,
and getting the shortest way through the most difficult roads

and passes. nut, he prestinata3, that all the Hon. Gentle-
man had done was to lay his own accounts before them, and
to' satisfy the House that they were numerically correct. It
was, however, for the House to judge bet*ixt the Hon.Gen-
tieman and himself, and the decision of those Honourable
Memberswould in a very trifling degree affect the main ques-
tion. He would now proceed to the Honottrable Gentleman's
statements. He first stated, that he fixed the estimate of the
year 1817 at 5,985,0001. Now what he (Mr. Croker) meant
fearlessly to assert was, that whatever might have been the
intentions of the Hon. Member, he did actually calculate the
estimate for 1817 at s,3oo,oool.—(ilears hear, with cries of
dissent from the Opposition.)—He would shew how this must
have been, and he would convince the I-louse that such was the
fact. What was the quarrel which the Hon. Member was then
fighting ? Did he not say, " Is it to be borne that the estimates
of this year should begreater than those for the year 1817?")—
(Hear, hear, and No, no, from the OppositiOn.)—lf that had
not been his argument, the answer be (Mr. Croker) made him
would not have been such as to resider it necessary that he
should wait four and twenty, or eight and forty hours be-
fore he could reply to it. What he (Mr. Croker) then said
was, that the Honourable Gentleman was mistaken to the
amount of 600,0001.; for he expressly stated, that if lie added
the 600,0001. to the estimates, they would make six millions.
He appealed to the memory of the House upon these points.
—(Cheers.)—He would do more, lie would appeal to its rea-
son. This lwas the express argument of the Honourable
Gentleinn, that in 1822, the estimates were higher than in
1817. That was the object of the Honourable Gentleman;
he wanted to shew that there was an increase in the expen-
diture rather than a reduction, and not to plead the cause of
the Admiralty.—(Cheers.)—He would now tell the House
how the mistake had occurred. It happened that in the
printed Estimate, the old stores had been deducted from the
amount in a very awkward maniser.—(Hear, hear! from the
Opposition.)—The Office was, however, free from blame (yen
this head.—The fault lay with the Hoese, far it was to lie
found in the Act of Parliament.—(Hear, hear, hear I)—The
Act ordered that the stun should be abated from the Esti-
mates, arid in another part, that it should be taker: as part of
the Ways and Means. It was therefore inserted in the Esti-
mates, but not taken with them. The fact was, that at the
first sight of the Estimates the total appeared in large figures
to he 5,300,0001., and the Hun. Gentleman must have taken
his impression front that circumstance.
Mr. HUME made some observations in denial, from his
seat ; and the SPEAKER called him to order.
Mr. CROKER. proceeded. A cursory view of the printed
estimates of 1817 would create the idea that the head of Ex-
traordinaries for the Navy was 1,800,0001.; hut if it was
looked into, a little pen and ink work would shew that it was
2,476,0001. The fict was, that the lion. Gentleman only
went over the surface of the accounts ; he did nut go to the
bottom of them.—(Hear, hear 1)—" It so happened," said
Mr. Croker, " that on the morning of the day when the pre-
sent estimates were to be submitted to the House, an Hon.
Friend of mine, who was with me said, Now, I should not
be surprised if Mr. Hume came down to the House te, night
and told von that your estimates were higher than those of
1817."—(Laughter!)—This is no tale made for the occasion;
for not only was my Hon. niend with me at the time, but
two other Hon. Members who are now in the House, and
several other persons. Ido not think it would be necessary
for me to state this, because I trust the House would hare be-
lieved it on my own assertion;—(Cheers)—hut such was the
fact. My Has. Friend then said to me, I'll tell you how he
will-fall into the blunder : the amount f old stores does not
appear at first sight upon the paper, and he will tell you that
the Estimates for 1817 are 5,300,0001. while those of
the present year are s,soo,oool.!—(Continued laughter.)—
I said that I had not had the benefit of hearing much
of the Honourable Gentleman's style of argument, and
calculation, but that I thought he could hardly fall into suck
a blunder. As soon, however, as the Hon. Gentleman got up
the other night, he had scarcely commenced, when any Hon.
Frienst, who was sitting by my side, nudged me, and said—
" There, I told you he'd be caught!"—(Great laughter and
cheering.)—There was another point which was important.
The Hou. Gentleman had charged him with having forgotten
a little.item of 1,600,0001. which ought to have been placed
to the debt of the Navy, and not to the current services of the
year. The lion. Member told him that lie was su ignorant
as not to know the difference between Navy debt and the Sup-
plies of the year. Now, let them see how that fact stood.
The fact was, that the Hon. Gentleman's ignorance pre-
vented him from knowing that this sum of 1,600,0001. was,
with a comparatively trifling exception, devoted to the ser-
vice of the year. He would beg to read to the I-louse the
13th clause of the Appropriation Act, which ran as follows :
" And be it further enacted, that out of all the aids and sup-
plies, shall be issued for the Naval service, 7,645,0001." He
could also strew that the sum ,in question' had not been ap-
plied to the Navy debt; for the Navy debt had not been less-
ened more than tOO,OOOl. in that year; 1,500,0001. therefore,
went to the Naval Estimates of
.the year. The House
would now easily perceive that the Honourable Gentleman
did not know much about the Navy debt.—(Hear, hear !)—'
There was another extraordinary difference between the Him.
Gentleman and himself. The Hon. Gentleman chose to state
that seventeen millions had been expended in building ships.
—(No, no! from the Opposition.)—He would prove it out of
the Hon. Gentleman's own mouth.—(Flear, bear I)—After
making that assertion, he added that that sum would be suf-
ficient to build all the navies in the universe.—(Hear, hear,
bear 1)—If he meant for building and supplying, why had he
not taken the whole Estimates of the Navy ? The Hon. Gen-
tleman had also taken two snore years into the period which
he first selected, to make up the amountof his seventeen mil-
lions. He first stated that that sum hail been expended in
ship-building since the year 1817.—(Hear, hear ! anti No,
no.)—He not only said that, but lie afterwards paraphrased
it, and mentioned the period of five years.—(Cheers, with
cries of " No," from the Opposition.)—He could demonstrate
to the House that the Hon. Member had fixed that period.
iVhea he was contradicted as to some of the sums by the Hon.
Gentleman, he happened to have time printed estimates, and
read them year by year, beginning with seventeen, and the
Hon. Member giving his consent, or otherwise, as he pro-
ceeded, and not saying one word as to the time being wrong.
—(Cheers.)—The Honourable Gentleman replied, and still
he did not remark mien this circumstance.—(Hear, hear!
" Yes," from Mr Hume.)—Well, then, if he did so, why
repeat it again this evening ?-,-(Hear, hear, hear 1)—It was
to those years that he (Mr. Croker) applied himself, and to
those years he understood the Hon. Gentleman to refer when
he first made his statement. What had the Hon. Gentleman
brought into his calculation of ship-building? The building
of houses, Making of fences, draining, and various operations
of a similar description. The Hun. Gentleman would not
have fallen into these mistakes, if he exercised a due dili-
gence.—(Hear, hear!)—That he exercised a diligence, he
granted; but not a slue one. Even with what lie had thus
introduced, still he could not make up Isis 17 millions; and
Shad cansequentlytaken in the years 1815 and 1816, the for-
mer of 'which was a year of war, the ordinary repairs of the
Navy, and the wear and tear of the fleet afloat. He hap-
pened to fix upon the sum of 17 millions, by that confusion
of figures and ideas which he (Mr. C.) had alluded to on a
hornier occasion, and then .fie made it up by adding these
things to swell the amount.—(Hear, hear, hear!)—'The. Hors.
Gentleman had come down to the House to move fee a new
trial ; but he only asked it upon two points, whereas there
were many points upon which he stood toneicted. Did the
House remember how the Hon. Gentleman disposed of the
Marine service. They must judge of accuracy by general
accuracy, and not by one or two statements out of a large
nutnber.—(Hear, hear !)—The lion. Gentleman informed the
House, that the marines cost the country 330,0001. whereas
the whole pay of the navy was only 600,0001.; and thus the
Government, which %bore all prided itself upon the glory and
the power of its navy, had reduced the pay of that navy to
the paltry pitaauce of 800,0001. a year. The manner in which
he arrived at this conclusion was by taking the whole expen-
ces of the marines, barrack, accoutrements, food, and every
thing, and deducting it from the wages alone of tine navy.—
This was like all his other acenracy. There was the case of
the Paymaster, for whom he told the House they were called
upon to vote a large RUM, when, in point of fact, the case
did not occur in the same estimate, and would be brought
before the House in its proper place. He left it to the
House, whether they would give information of an impor-
tant nature, upon the ground of such statements, and.whe-
ther they could ever feel safe in acting upon them. There
was no one who had 'more consideration for the infirmi-
ties of our nature than he (Mr. Croker) had, and no one
who was more exposed to-them than himself ; if, therefore,
warmth of feeling had led him out of the way in discussing
this topic, he trusted that it would be attributed to nn im-
proper motive. What he said of the Honourable Member
he meant only to apply to his figures mid statements. The
conviction that the Honourable Gentleman was erroneous in
his calculations, was so strong upon him that he could not
resist it. He gave him credit for sincerity, but under that sin-
cerity lie .was directly and positively misleading the House.
Mr. BERNAL contended that seven years was the time
fixed by his Honourable Friend, namely, from the year fif-
teen downwards, during which he stated that the 17 millions
had been expended. If the Honourable Secretary allowed
that the sum of 17 millions hail been expended upon ship-
ping during that period, there was nothing to dispute in that
part of the case; for then it was impossible that his Hon.
Friend could have included the expenses of Plymouth Break-
water, and of the improvements carried on in the Dock-
yards. The Honourable Member supported at some length.
the Amendment of Mr. Hume.

Sir H. PARNELL supported Mr. flume's statement.
Mr. RICARDO said, the calculations of the Hon. Member
for Aberdeen had not been clearly understood. He consi-

dered the statement applicable to ship-building, wear and.
tear, and other heads of set vice.—Sir G. CLARK explained.
Mr. BROUGHAM said the question was of too Much im-
portance to suffer it to pass without making a few observa-
tions. He boldly asserted that the accuracy •of his Hon:
Friend 00 main points stood unirupeached, and he was the
More fully convinced of it front his attention to the discus-
sion of that night. As he %TM absent on the night on
which his Holt. Friend moved fur the production of the ac-
counts of the Navy Estimates, he confided in the general
accuracy and experience of his Hon. Friend; but lie need
not rely on these alone—the statement of the Honourable
Secretary still further convinced him. He had said that
his Flonourable Friend made an error of 11,000,0001.—
AS private anecdotes were in vogue, he might be per-
mitted to mention one. When lie came into the House
that evening, he was told that arguments were used to prove
that his Hon. Friend was greatly out in his caculations; he
asked to what amount ? it was replied to the amount of
eleven millions; he answered that that statement carried
along with it its own confutation—it proved a great deal tao
much. A ratan may make an error of 3or 400,0001., but it
was impossible. however Coal pliCat the accounts may he,
which was admitted, that so great an cm)e could have been.
made. His Honourable Friend included the " tear and
wear"—no, " wear and tear," he should keep those words
in the right order in his statemenls. The Honourable Secre
tary admitted the sincerity of his Honourable Friend, in-
tended, perhaps, as a slender compliment, but in that case
important, because, if he admitted it, it was impossible that
he could have thought him capable of makitig so great an
error. He held in his hand a document, iii which it, was ex-
pressly stated that the amount. of ship-building, wear and
tear, ordinary repairs, stores, Zke , amounted to 17,760,0001 ,
which was a strung woof of the accuracy of his Hon. Friend's
statement. It was also clear, from that document, that he
included the expenses for seven years, because that docu-
ment contained an account of them from 1815, though
the Honourable Secretary said he only took the expenses
for four years. He was further borne out in his accu-
racy by what appeared in a newspaper report of his speech
on Friday night.—(Order, order, order !)—Well, as he
could not use that expression, he would say, in a certain
document—a certain portion of recent history. In that his-
torical relation there appeared a statement very like a speech
in Parliament, and though, perhaps, not strictly legal, he
would say, very like the speech of the Member for Aber-
deen; and in that statement there was an account of the
wear and tear fiom 1815 upwards, and that was found in
that portion of Parliamentary history which was all on one
side. That put a seal upon his Honourable Friend's ac-
curacy. lie would ever protest against such arguments be-
ing used against his Honourable Friend, who was wear-
ing hin.self in the arduous labours and multifarious de-
tails he had taken upon himself. But let not Honourable
Gentlemen imagine they would gain by his wear and tear—
he hoped on his return from Circuits to see him in his place
in the same vigour and spirits, extorting applause from every
side.of the House. Some lion. Gentlemen were congratu-
lating themselves, and taking joy when they met, at the ima-
ginary defeat of his lion. Friend on Friday .night. " Oh,"
they were saying, " there is an end to hitn." Those faint
halcyon days will again return, when any Holt. Member who
moved for Army or Navy Estimates would be coughed down,
when there cries against him of Buonapartist, jacobin, level-
ler, and of raising a fabric of Revolution on the basis of Re-
ligion ;, but he was convinced his Hun. Friend would still
keep the confidence he had acquired by his exertions, and
would do more good for the country than lie had already
done, great though that good was.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY said, lie was not dis-
posed to occupy much of the time of the House, but he
could not suffer the subject to close without a few observa-
tions. The Noble Marquis thought they were upon the
Navy Estimates, but it seemed by the speech of the Ho..
nourable and Learned Gentleman, that they were dis-
cussing a question of far greater importance. The agri-
cultural question, sy4s nothing to the question of accu-
racy, as applied to the Honourable Member for Aber-
deen. That Honourable Member must certainly he in a
dreadful situation.—(Hear, (rear, hear!)—lt was perhaps in-
human in his Honourable Friend to fight single handed and
wound the Hun. Member for Aberdeen so deeply. The alarm,
it appeared, had been taised in the enemy's camp, Brookes's
had beat to arms, and the Hon. and Learned Gentleman, as
the greatest of all calculators, had taken the field. The Hun.
and Learned Gentleman had declared he was ready to expend
all the gunpowder in his magazine.—(Repeated bursts of
laughter.)—lt however happened in this instance, that the ar-
dent desire to bring on a general action, had led to the defeat
of the assailants. He never thought the fame of the Hun.
Gentleman would depend on his calculations, but it appeared
that he could not receive a vote front a single Corporation,—
not another gold snuff-box, if his calculations were erroneous.
—(Loud laughter.)—No more honours for the Hon. Gentle-
-111311, unless the House was disposed that night to pronounce
a verdict in his favour. The Hon. Member was on his back,
and the House could not pat him on his legs.—The Hon. and
Learned Gentleman thought nothing could resist the Hon.
Metoher's figures. if his figures were good, his argument
was bad, and if his argument was good, his figures must he
bail. An attempt had been made to prove the calcula-
tion good, by the production of a speech two years old.—
The Hon. and Learned Gentleman considered the old docu-
ment direct proof of the Hun. Member's accuracy, anti this
was certainly the greatest effort made by the Honourable ittri
Learned Gentleman during the present Session in Parlia-
ment.—(A laugh.)—The argument sod calculation of the
Hon.-Member were both said to he good, but both sides of
the House would allow that the replication of the Hon Gen-
tleman must depend on the issue, which might he more fatal
than the Hon. and Learned Gentleman was prepared to ex,
pect. The Noble Marquis did not think his Hon. Friend was
impeached by any thing ihat had passed.
Mr. HUME anti Mr. CROKER explained.
. .

•Mr. W. SMITH adverted to the. conduct of• Mr. Hume
last Sessions of Parliament. At first he was considered a
person unacquainted with figures, but at the end of the Ses-
sions persons came forward, cap in baud, and offered to sup-
ply him with papers. This was done because the country
was' in his favour. The Honnorable Member, in his Mr.
Smith's) opinion, was the Encyclopaedia of Finance.--(A
laugh.)—Before the end of the present Session all opposition
to his efforts would die away. _ _

The question being loudly called for, the House divided—
For the Motion
Against it
Majority —sl
The Gallery was not opened after the Division. The House
adjourned at ONE O'CLOCK this Morning.

MINORITY

ON MR. HUME'S MOTIONS FOR A DETAIL OF THE SUMS

GRANTED FOR TILE NAVAL SERVICE FOR THE CURRENT

YEAR—FEB. 27.
.AlthOrp, Visct. Fitzgerald,LordW. "Powlett, Hon. W.
Barnard, 'Viscount . Guise, Sir W. Price, R.
.Barrett, S, B. M. Graham, S. Pym, F.
Bennet, Hon. H. G. Honeywood, W. P. Ricardo, David
Benyon,"Benj. Halthmand, W. Ridley, Sir M. IV.
Bernal, R. " -Hill, Lord Arthur Robarts, A. W.
Birch, J. Hobhouse, J. C. Robarts, Colonel ,
Brougham, Henry , James, IV. Robinson, Sir Ci.
Bright, Henry Johnson, Col. . Mambold, C.
Bury, Viscount Jervoise, J. P. Rice, T. S.
Boughey, Sir J. P. Leycester, Ralph Stanley, Lord
Calvert, C. Lambton, J. G. Sefton, Earl of
Calcraft, John Lennard, T. B. Scott, James
Cavendish, Lord G. Lloyd, Sir E. Sykes,,D.
Caulfield, Hon. H. ' Maberly, J. Stuart, Lord J.
Colburne, N. R. Maberly, W. L.. Taylor, M. A.
Concannon' L. Marjoribanks, S. Tierney, Rt.lln. G.
Crespigny, Sir W. Macdonald, Jas. Tennyson, C.
Creevey, T. Martin, John Townshend,LordC.
Davies, T. H. Normanby, Visct. Webbe, Ed.
Denison, W. J. Newman, R. W. Whitbread, Sam.
Duncannon, Visct. Nugent, Lord Wilkins, Walter
Dundas, Hon. T. O'Callaghan, Jas. Williams, Wm.
Ebrington, Visct. Parnell, Sir. H. Wilson, Sir R.
Ellice, Ed. Palmer., C. F. Wyvill, M.
Fergusson, SirR.C. Pares, Thos. Whitmore, W. W.
TELLEas--Jos. Hume and W. Smith.

The unfortunate gentleman who lately com-
mitted suicide at the west end of the town, is
stated to have been the holder of 300,00 W. in the
5 per cents., sand the report of its being the in-
tention of Government to reduce the interest is
supposed to have operated so much upon his
feelings as to have produced temporary derange-
ment, and his untimely end.

Yesterday, about 12 o'clock, one of the Paddington stage-
coaches, driving from the end of Tottenham-court-road towards
Battle-bridge, was overturned, with four inside and five outside
passengers. The accident was occasioned by the near Wheel
flying off; but; notwithstanding the coach was laid flat down
on its side, the passengers escaped with a few trifling bruises.—
The coachman's knee was badly hurt by the fall.

The noted George Groves, so long a terror in
the lower part of Somersetshire, and who lately
received sentence of transportation at the Derby
Quarter Sessions, has been delivered on board the
Bellerophon hulk, at Sheerness, preparatory to
his being conveyed to Botany Bay.

SUN OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS,
No. 11.

When we again are enabled to t4e up our
•
pen to wander in the fields of Scien-ce, we are
almost lost in the abundance of interesting in-
vestigations 'which present themsees-at every
turn, and did we not set out witA., a fixed
'volution to avoid mere speculative.:reason-
ingf we might speedily be confounded in the
maze into width we should be led, and might
soon forget what the Author of " Memory" has
so beautifully inculcated—
That very Law which moulds a tear,
And bids it trickle from its source ;
That very Law preserves the Earth and sphere,
And guides the Planets in their course.
These unerring laws no speculativ.ephi•losophy
can set aside, on these laws are the beacons
which true philosophy holds out, which very
laws, said the illustrious President of' the Royal
Society, " demonstrate the intelligence by which
they were designed."
1. ON TUE MANUFACTURE OF A PURE WHOLESOME
VINEGAR FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES.—The Vinegar which
has for ages been vended by the retailers of this' country is
prepared from the fermented washes of barley and other grain,
which are for this purpose kept heated in close rooms, to a
requisite temperature. This process, however, the manufac-
turers of late years found means to expedite by mixing wio,
the fermenting materials considerable quantities of sulphuric
acid (oil of vitriol) which considerably quickens the process,
and 'Dives to the vinegar a much stronger taste. This fraudu-
lent adulteration is now,however, nearly at an end; for the new or
" Distilled vinegar" of the shops has nearly superseded its
This vinegar is procured by the dry distillation of wood-shav-
ings, &e. ; and in the neighbourhood of Glasgow we have
learnt that a considerable manufactory of this acid is carried on
at an extensive cooperage ; the chips and shavings of the staves
affordino•" abundance of materials. The acid thus procured
(the old Pyroligneous) is deprived of its colour and empyreu-
matie flavour, we have reason to believe, by the application of
animal charcoal, and the acid thus formed, as usually vended,
is twice as strong as the vinegar of malt—it is used extensively
as an excellent preservation of animal matters, as herrings,
mackarel, fresh meat, &c. by simply dipping them once into
the acid, keep fresh in the hottest seasons for any length of
time, and with a flavour totally unimpaired. It preserves
pickles admirably; but some experienced housewives have
informed us that it renders onions and walnuts .b.jt, but that
all others are preserved in it in perfection.
The proprty which the new vinegar possesses of preserving
animal matters from putrefaction, explains the fact of the
herrings being so well preserved after being simply dried over a fire
of wood-shavings, and why all careful housewives are very par-
ticular in having their hams, &c. dried in chimneys where wood
fires are alone in use.

The following receipt may be depended upon for excellent
vinegar,and no one but those who make their own can be certain
that their vinegar is as wholesome as it ought to be. The Roman
Glutton, who poisoned himself because he felt certain of starva-
tion, although he still possessed 12,0001., has been often laughed
at, but many are they who are poisoning themselves out of
laziness, who yet ridicule the cowardice of the Glutton.
Add one pound of sugar to every seven pints of water ; mix
some yeast and place them in a cask in a warm sunny place (as
early in March as possible), cover the bung hole with a piece
of gauze, which, if pasted round the edges, will keep out in-
sects and dust—during the summer the vinegar will be pro-
duced. According to Dr. Thomson the addition of a larg,:r pro-
portion of sugar is entirely useless.