The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-10 00:00:00

TIIE rt..l SUN,

posed, that there will be no lack of persons ready to
invest their capital in so promising an undertaking,
and that the subscription list would be filled up
within i-feWtveseks even to double the amount sug-
gested by Mr. WASON.

The connexion between England and the Sove-
reigns of the Mesquite territory has subsisted now for
nearly two centuries. So far back as the reign of
CHARLES 11. the Mosquito KING, with the concur-
rence of his chiefs, placed his country under the
protection of England, and the Protectorate was then
accepted. The Mosquitos always remained faithful
to the pact, and whenever there was war between
Great Britain and Spain they always acted as allies of
the British against the Spaniards; but whenever
peace was restored permitted the Spaniards to enter
their ports and trade with them. It is true that the
British Protectorate was withdrawn in 1786, in
conformity with the conditions of the treaty at that
time entered into with Spain ; but that did not make
the King of the MOSQUITOS one whit the less an inde-
pendent Sovereign, or deprive us of the right of
enter'ng into treaties with him as such. !Spain
never conquered the Mosquito territory, and the
inhabitants have continued to this day perfectly inde-
pendent. It is absurd, therefore, to contend that
Nicaragua has any right to any portion of the Mos-
quito territory. Nicaragua can only derive her right
from Spain, and we have shown that Spain never bad
any right to the Mosquito territory. If Nicaragua
has no right, neither can the United States Ship Canal
Company have any right, inasmuch as they could
purchase from Nicaragua only that which Nicaragua
had to sell ; and as Nicaragua never possessed any
right to Gray Town, on the mouth of the river San
Juan, so neither can the United States possess
any such right. That territory belongs to the
King of MOSQUITO, and to him alone, and England
having since the expulsion of Spain from the South
American continent, renewed her intimate alliance
with the Mosquito KING, and again taken him under
her protection, is bound to defend him against all
attempts on the part of Nicaragua or of any other
power to dispossess him of his territory, and if need
be to carry the war into Nicaragua itself, so a s to
secure to the King of MOSQUITO such a military
frontier as will for the future enable him to defend
himself against Nicaraguan aggressions; and this we
trust England will not hesitate to do should any
attempt be made to deprive our ally, the KING of the
Mosquito territory, of any portion of his dominions.

Among the many satisfactory circumstances con-
sequent on the Royal visit to'lreland, it appears that
promotions are to take place in the army and navy,
or perhaps we should say in the navy and army, since
at a public dinner some little time back Sir HENRY
(now Viscount) HARDINGE, himselfa soldier, purposely
transposed the ordinary terms in order to give priority
to the navy, which he generously declared to be the
branch of the public service most essential to the
welrare of this island empire. Nevertheless, un-
questionable as such an authority may be, compari-
sons are proverbially " odious," and we prefer
abiding by the alphabetical order—that convenient
mode of speech which expressing no opinion is inno-
cent of offence. Many promotions in both branches of
the public service will celebrate the occasion of
Queen VICTORIA'S visit to Ireland, a circumstance
peculiarly satisfactory both from the fact that such
promotions bear some resemblance to angel,' visits,
being generally scanty in number and invariably
" far between " in occurrence, and also this
circumstance is most gratifying when we
call to mind the beneficial influence of
such changes. While a few fortunate individuals
are honourably rewarded for their past services, at the
same time they and all their comrades with them
are incited and encouraged to fresh exertions for the
future. The hope of honourable reward is a nobler
stimulant, more invigorating in its action, and more
prolific in its consequences, than the prospect of
mercenary gain. We steadfastly hold by the theory
that the labourer (whatever his class, craft, or cha-
racter) is worthy of his hire. If a fair day's
wages were always the meed of a fair day's work,
and vice versa, a fair day's work always the price for
a fair day's wages, the world would be somewhat
different from what it is. At least, we should not,
as at present, be daily shocked by the enormous
grievances of inequality—grievances so palpable that
their injustice is generally recognised—griev-
ances so general that their injustice is passively sanc-
tioned. Where, for example, is the fair day's wages
for the fair day's work, when the labourer,
after a week's hard and unremitting toil, receives for
his family's whole sustenance a wretched pittance of six
or seven shillings ? And where, on the other band, is
the fair day's work for the fair day's wages, when the
owner of the broad acres, thus rendered productive,
committing their care to a sometimes " unjust
steward," wastes his time and wealth in the pursuit
of pleasure, power, or personal distinction ? Where,
again, is the fair day's wages of the humble curate,
whose learning very possibly, and whose arduous
labours very certainly, are unequalled by any occu-
pant of the Bench of Bishops, and who is, never-
theless,

" Passing rich with forty pounds a year ?"

And where, on the other hand, is the fair day's work
of the church dignitary, whose income can only be
enumerated by its tens of thousands, and whose
labours are perhaps confined to the occasional inditing
of a pastoral letter ? Again, to return to the original
subjects of our remarks, where are the due wages of
some grey-headed lieutenant, whose youth and vigour
have been expended in the public service, and
where is the work of some juvenile captain who ranks
above him, and who perhaps slept in his cradle while
his junior officer was keeping his " watch ?" What
unjust inequality is obvious in all these instances !
yet, is one of them overcoloured ? On the contrary,
a multitude of similar examples are to be found in
every man's daily experience. We are no advocates
for that impracticable and, if practicable, useless
equality which would level all distinctions and con-
found all interests. We must have. landlords and
labourers, captains and seamen, planners and workers
—such distinctions are not only inevitable, but mare,
they are beneficial to the community. There is one
equality, however:which we do advocate—and that is
the equal and adequate recompense of labour. We
cannot tolerate a system which suffers men of genius
or ability to die in indigence or grow old in disappoint-
ment, while our public services and our pension lists
are crowded to repletion by individuals whose in-
genuity would be greatly puzzled to discover in what
particular they have " done the state some service."
Our legislators seem to agree with the proverb that
" Virtue is its own reward," for they take little pains
to provide her with any other. Were they wise they
would ere this have discovered that no money is so
advantageously employed as that which goes to re-
ward and encourage merit, and no honours so honour..
ably bestowed as when given to those to whom honour
is due. The fact of the approaching naval and mili-
tary promotions is, let us hope, the beginning of a
better and more active system. Let us hope, also, it
will be the means of redressing the real or supposed
injustice of former omissions and commissions.

The friends of the Noble Viscount Hardinge need
nwohticbhe
baelfaerimheids fLoorrdthsheip on eonsequences of the accident
Tuesday last, at Garren
Tower, while on a visit to his relations, the Marquis and
Marchioness of Londonderry. Viscount Hardinge was
thrown from his horse, a highly-spirited animal. We
have authority to state that the Gallant Gentleman sus-
tained no serious injury, but is suffering from some slight
contusions and inward shaking occasioned by the fall._
Weekly Chronicle.
BIRMINGHAM, SATURDAY EVENING.—An inquest
was held here this eveninc, on the body of a woman
named Ann Goldsby, whoe died in London Prentice-
street, of Asiatic cholera. The deceased and her hus-
band arrived here on Tuesday from Bilston, and was
seized with dreadful pains in the course of the day, and
she languished until Friday, when she died in great
agony. Verdict—" Asiatic cholera." It was decidedly
an imported case. As yet, no native case of cholera has
appeared here.

There is no intention to increase the amount of the
reward offered by the Crown for the apprehension of the
persons engaged in the murder of the late Patrick
O'Connor. It is only after conviction that the sum
offered is distributed amongst the parties engaged in the
apprehension. It would be quite unprecedented—and
juiced without purpose—to increase afterwards the
amount offered beforehand for the purpose of bringing
offenders to justice.—Sunday Paper.
ST. TtiOXIA'S HosrrrAL.—The vacancy in the
office of Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, occasioned
by the death of Dr. H. Burton, has been filled up by the
appointment of Dr. J. Risdon Bennet, one of the assistant
physicians.
Life, like the diamond in the mine, is sometimes
vahniess to its owner, uLtil it becomes Winced by
nother,—Eliza (;pole's Auntal.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

The Paris journals of Saturday and yesterday have
arrived.

Among the particulars contained in these papers
he following facts in their several ways have a pecu-
iar significance :
N. EDGARD NEY has reached the French capital
from Rome.

General OUDINOT has simultaneously arrived at
Marseilles.

M. CLBRY, cousin of the President and representative
of the people, is, accordir.g to the Evenement, to be
appointed Envoy Extraordinary from France to
Sweden.

The ex-King JEROME, we hear from the same
organ, has been reconciled to his nephew, Louis
NAPOLEON, through the mediation of the cousin of
the latter, the Marchioness of DOUGLAS.
M. ODILON BARROT, the President of the Council,
has been during the last few days confined to his room
through indisposition.
General ROSTOLAN, according to a rumour, has
been recalled from the chief command of the army at
Rome, and his successor is believed to be General
RANDDU.
The Gazette de France has been seized in conse-
quence of an attack on Republican institutions and
on the Constitution published in its columns, and
signed ALEXANDER Rzarr. This circumstance is
worthy of consideration, the paper in question being
strongly Legitimist.
At Marseilles the cholera has considerably dimi-
nished, but the epidemic has spread rather alarmingly
in other parts of the country.
The PRESIDENT of the Republic has received from
the King of SARDINIA a letter notifying officially the
death of CHARLES ALBERT at Oporto, on the 28th of
July last.
M. DR Fa.neoux reached Paris on Saturday, when
he had a long interview with the Minister of Foreign
Affairs.
M. TRIERS was also on the same day at the Foreign-
office, though it is uncertain whether, his visit had
reference to the policy of the present(Jovernment.or
too sPo ep aEr amt ipoinrse
.f,o, r the continuation of his 46 ths.
tAlomftrshet all the papers without exception comment
upon the letter addressed to M. NET by the
PRESIDENT of the Republic, and from the prevailing
tone of the different organs, it appears that Lours
NAPOLEON has satisfied no one, but has, on the con-
trary, called down upon himself universal reprobation.
The Republican party are indignant at the authori-
tative spirit of the document, and at the personal
character of the whole proceeding. The Reds
declare that he has in penning that epistle violated
the Constitution. The Moderates evince alarm at
the imperial souvenirs visible throughout the whole
commuication. The parti pretre is horror-stricken
at the treatment of the Cardinal Triumvirate, and
the dictatorial attitude assumed towards the ecclesias-
tical authority. The Legitimists recoil from the
prospect of a revival of the Napoleonian dynasty in-
stead of the return of the Bourbons. Everywhere
the conduct of the PRESIDENT is assailed. Every man's
hand is against him. No man breathes a word in
his vindication. Even the one solitary panegyric pub-
lished in the Moniteur du Soir has been disavowed by
the Ministry. The Reforme fastens upon the ad-
mission made in the PRESIDENT'S letter that the
Roman expedition was undertaken for the purpose of
restoring the Sovereign PONTIFF to his dominions.
The Patric regrets that the PRESIDENT has acted on
his own proper inspiration. The Debats declares that
the letter is a little too hereditary. The Union as-
serts that France will never consent to the revival of
the imperial regime. The Corsair treats the act as a
declaration of war with his HOLINESS. The Liberte
regards the whole ransaction as a comedy or a
humbug. The Opinion Publique sneers at the
idea intimated in the epistle that the
soldiers of the vielle garde are to be regarded
as the apostles of liberty. The _Republique
calls the entire proceeding a serious event, and main-
tains that France and the POPE must now be re-
garded as hostile to each other. The Assemblee
Nationale abuses M. D UFAURE as the instigator of
LOUIS NAPOLEON to the production of this
unconstitutional manifesto. The Siecle insists
that the liberal tone of the letter, and the
harsh treatment of M. LESSEPS are anomalous.
The Credit intimates that the line of policy adopted
by the PRESIDENT is attributable to some unskilful
or perfidious adviser. The Ordre, avoiding all de-
preciative expressions, pins down Louis NAPOLEON
to the position he has assumed between the ultra-
revolutionists and the reactionaries. The Univers
is throughout bitter and sarcastic, arguing that
the letter is altogether unjustifiable, Prance
having been neither insulted nor despised. The
Presse, whose comments on the event extend over
six mortal columns, pronounces the conduct of LOUIS
NA/ OLEON as in the highest degree indecorous, see-
ing that he has no right to dictate so insolently to
the supreme Head of Catholicity. The National is
loud in the assertion that the letter is an act flagrantly
unconstitutional, insomuch so that it will not con-
descend to analyse its substance. The Constitutionnel
contents itself with remarking that the present un-
accustomed Mans not a crisis, and proclaims that
those who assert to the contrary are guilty of a gross
exaggeration. The Mode, a venerable organ of the
Legitimatists, as if in defiance of the prospective
return of the empire, decorates its title with the
symbolic
_fluer-de-lys.
Nevertheless, while all parties are thus violent in
their attacks upon the PRESIDENT, all of the liberal
and moderate Republican organs applaud the princi-
ples of attachment to liberty and to free institutions
implied in this remarkable document.

CousiN, in a report of the public examination
for the year 1849, informs the Minister of Public
Instruction that out of the whole number of candidates
only two were considered worthy of being recom-
mended as fit to fill philosophical chairs, viz.—MM.
CHALLEMEL LECOUR and DOLONDRE.

The Mayor of the Commune of Chevincourt, who
had been suspended from his functions by the Pre-
fect of the Oise for deserting his post at the moment
when the cholera was raging with great intensity in
the commune, has just been dismissed by the Govern-
ment.

On Saturday it was remarked that the Pore's
Nuncio was closeted with the PRESIDENT of the
Republic for a considerable time, and that several
communications took place between the Ministry of
Fereign Affairs and the Austrian Embassy.
It seems that M. LUCIEN MURAT will not be sent
as Ambassador to Madrid. The choice was not liked,
it is said, by M. DE TOCQUEVILLE.
The inauguration of thv railway from Paris to
Strasburg, as far as Tonnerre, will be changed as to
its character. The cholera being at Tonnerre, the
inauguration cortege will only go as far as Sens,
where a banquet will ba given, and the PRESIDENT
will return the same evening to Paris.
The Five per Cents. were quoted, hi the Passage
de l'Opera, at 89f. 35c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE