The Sun.
London, England, 1831-06-07 00:00:00

HAMB UR G PAPERS.

11A3IBURG, JUNE 3 —The Prussian Stale Ga-
zelle of the second instant contains the following:—
" Foss THE POLISH FRINTIER, MAY 29.
Accounts from the theatre of war state that the
Polish Commander-in-Chief was attacked by Mar-
shal Diebitsch on the 26th inst. at Os•rotenka,
when a sanguinary battle ensued, in which the Rus-
sian army was victorious. Ostralenkir was taken
by storm by the Russians with astounding bravery.
The division of the Polish General Gielgud, which
snood at Loniza, has been cut off by the movements
and successes of the Russian army. The Poles ac-
knowledge their own loss in killed and wounded to
amount to four thousand men. Among the killed
are Generals Kicki and Kaminski, arid a number of
Staff Officers. The headquarters of the Polish
Commander-in-Chief were on the 27th again at
Pultusk.

" WARSAW, MAY 28 ON THE EVENING.)—In
the battle of Ostrolenka, on the 26th, both armies
' fought with an inveteracy unexampled. The oldest
Generals have no recollection of so sanguinary a
combat. The result is, that General Skryzneeki
has to-day again fixed his head-quarters in Praga.
Among the killed on the side of the Poles are Ge-
nerals Kicki-and Kaminski, and Lieutenant-Colonel
Gazenski. Twenty thousand men, on one side or
the other, are said to have remained on the field of
battle. Quarter was out of the question, the chief
work was performed with the bayonet. The Rus-
sian Guards were in action, and displayed great
bravery."
The Prussian State Gazette of the 2d June has
the following :
" WARSAW, MAY 29.—A relation of the most re-
cent operations published to-day says—" The chief
object of the movement of our army towardsTykoczin
and Lomza was to enable a corps under the command
of General Chlapowski to reach Lithuania, in order
to afford assistance to the insurgents in that province.
This point having been attained—as the Commander-
in-Chief found it impossible to induce the Russian
Guards to give battle, and as the junction of Marshal
Diebitsch with the gnards would give a combined
force far superior to his own, he determined to re-
turn to his former position, while General Gielgud,
who it was intended should enter the northern part
of Lithuania, began his march upon Lomza. Mar-
shal Diebitsch, in the meantime, having effected his
junction with the Guards, determined to cut our
army off from 'Warsaw. The gallant resistance of
the 2d corps, under General Lubienski, which forced
its way at the point of the bayonet through a force
thrice its own strength, enabled General Skryznecki
to pursue his march. On the 25th the Guards at-
tacked General Lubienski, whose corps formed our
rear, at the same time that Diebitsch was advancing
in the (Election of Czyzew. Our army was already
on the right bank of the Narew, and the rear only
remained on the oppoai!e bank. On the 26 h the
attack was renewed, commanded by Marshal Die-
bitsch in person. The Polish General drew nearer
to Ostrolenka, and the enemy's march was arrested
by the tire which the haubitzers had kindled in the
town. General Lubienski crossed the Narew and
burnt the bridge, but not so effectually as to prevent
its being quickly restored. Accordingly General
Schakoffskoi, supported by a tremendous artillery,
succeeded in crossing the river. A most violent
combat ensued : the enemy vainly endeavoured to
convey large masses to the right hank ; our troops
defended themselves most brilliantly. The carnage
was dreadful, and lasted several hours, during which
our troops in vain endeavoured to force the enemy
back to the other side of the river, who on his part
was also vainly striving to effect his purpose. The
chief point of contention was the bridge, and a long
elevated dyke which passes along the marshy shore
of the Narew, and the nature of the ground contri-
buted much to give the battle a sanginary character.
They fought man to man, and thousands were killed
by being thrown over the dyke. The Russian
troops displayed a degree of courage and resolution
far superior to what they had shown in the pre-
ceding part of the campaign. Am unusual heat in-
creased the labour of the day. The Russians threw
away their knapsacks, to be more at their ease. At
length, towards evening, fatigued by their exertions,
and unable to overcome the resistance of our gallant
troops, the enemy withdrew to the left bank of the
river, and we remained in possession of the field of
battle, upon which the Commander-in-Chief passed
the night, in order to provide for the relief of the

.'sounded. To have commenced the battle would
have tended to no result, as Gen. Gielgud had had
full time to effect his march over Lomza, the Com-
mander-in-Chief therefore resolved to retreat over
Rozen to Pultusk. This march was effected in per-
fect order, is.nd without being in any way disturbed by
the enemy, who, it appears, had suffered too se-
verely to follow us. To estimate the loss on both
ides, is as yet impossible. On our side from three
to four thousand men are hors de combat; but it
appears certain, that though theCommander-in-Chief,
‘vith his usual caution, avoids all allusion to the
loss of the ene:ny, it must be at least double ours.
Four mgiments, one of them the Guards, that flrst
a'aempted to pass the river, were cut to pieces. We
lost neither artillery, hag -gage, or prisoners ; a few
stragglers alont can have fallen into the enemy's
hands tithing the retreat. We have taken only 200
'prisoners. Generals Kicki and Kayminski have
bean killed. Two other Generals, Pac and Bogus-
towski, have been ',lightly wounded. According to
the statoments of the prisoners, three Russian Ge-
r.sel-als have been killed. The severe service which
our troops have hail to pass through, has induced
the Commander-in-Chief to allow them a few days'
rest at Praga.
" The intelligence that the Polish army, after a
sanguinary and disastrous battle, was approaching
the capital, spread consternation here; but the frank
statement of General Skrzynecki has tended for
the present to tranquillize the public mind. Two
fresh regiments of infantry, and several squadrons of
cavalry, have already proceeded to the camp."

BRUSSELS, JUNE 3.

(From the Times Private Correspondent.)

This morning the crowd around the Congress was as
great as yesterday, the general expectation being that the
election of the Chi, f of the State would take place.
The President took the chair at eleven o'clock,

M. Seron, an old man of the French republican school,
read a discourse, in which he contendei that it was bad
policy to elect as King of Belgium a Prince altogether
under the influence of England. He always was attached
to France and to freedom : and if France did not now
come forward to support its ancient glory, it was the fault
of its present Government, and not of the people.
M. de Morreghem declared that he had been at first op-
posed to Prince Leopold ; but finding that he was likely to
be united to a French Princess, and hoping that this
union would be useful to both countries, be should support
his election.

M. A. Rodenbach, a blind man, said, that as he could
not read his discourse, he begged the President to allow
M. Robaulz to read it for him. The discourse contained
a strong invocation of war as the only means of relieving
the nation from the tyranny of protocols. He was, how-
ever, willing to support the Prince of Saxe Coburg, if he
could be sure of settling the affairs of Belgium.
The President then read a proposition, signed by twelve
Members of the Congress, for the election of a native
Prince. This proposition was remarkable, as the signa-
tures were chiefly of the Republican and Ultra-French

partisans.
M. Van Snick hoped that the minority would, after
the election, merge into the majority without exciting any
disturbances in the country. He thought the election of
a Prince educated in England was best suited to support
freedom in Belgium, and to whom the Regency of England
was at one time about to be intrusted. The experience of
the Prince—his knowledge of the representative system of
Government—and his disinterestedness relative to Greece,
showed him fit to be King of a free people. The com-
mercial interests of Belgium would be improved by the
of ening of the English ports to some of its products. 1
Freedom of the Press and of speech placed their liberties I
beyond all danger ; and their religion was secure under a
Constitution which allowed to all full liberty of conscience.
M. Abbe d'Andrieux, a clergyman, dressed in sacer- 1
dotal garments, said that the Constitution was his symbol ;
of politics, and it required no stipulation as to the religion
f the Chief of the State, which he thought was a wise '
arrangement. Why should not the King as well as the
subject be free in his religion and his mode of worship?
He would vote for Prince Leopold, as a guarantee of
peace. Although he abhorred war, he thought it Pre-
ferable to dishonour, and the injustice to which the Con-
ference of London was about to subject the country. But
he still hoped for peace. The 30th of June would decide
if their patriotism was dead.
M. L'Abbe Boucqueau de Villeraic, a canon, read a
long discourse in favour of the election of Prince Leopold
of Saxe Coburg, which the great majority of the people
hearti:y desired.
M. Lecocq would vote for Prince Leopold, who would
soon be not a German nor an Englishman, but a liberal
Belgian, and who would protect their liberties, their
country, their nationality, their honour, and their public
prosperity.
M. Hellas de iluddegliem would vote for the Prince of
Saxe Cobtrig, if the conditions of his election were decided;
but he should then vote against him, as he considered that
France was opposed to his election.
M. Lebeau, Minister of Foreign Affairs, spoke solely as
a member of the Congress, not because he wished to de-
cline being considered responsible, but because he wished
not to influence the decision of any Member. If he
spoke as Minister, he should say, that the Government
could not promise the pure and simple acceptation of
the Crown by the Prince of Coburg, bt cause they always
thought the acceptation would be contingent and su-
bordinate to the arrangement of the question of Lim-
burg; but there was no doubt that the election was
likely to facilitate the negotiations. Observations were
made on certain late protocols, which he did not deny
might be authentic, but of the truth of the translation of
which he was not certain, and in which the word " com-
pensation" was found ; but when the letter of Lord Pon-
sonhy was consulted, the word found was " indemnity."
The Conference knew that no negotiations would be en-
tered into except 'on the basis of the inviolability of the
Constitution, and the integrity of the territory. In Lord
Ponsonby's letter, in which the " the Prince is
willing to take upon himself as Sovereign the se.ttlemeot
of this affair," would he found the true meaning of the
future negotiations. If the King of Holland be obliged
to yield on this question, no objection would be urged by
the German Diet, which would certainly not support King
William, who was the opponent of their interests, in
throwing obstacles as to the navigation of the Rhine.
There was in the protocols a remarkable passage that pro-
nounced the decheance of the Orange family from the
throne of Belgium, and supported the acceptation of the
sovereignty by Prince Leopold. Was this not a guarantee
of a good understanding on the subject of negotiations?
And then, as to the debt. The Congress_ could nut
forget the words of the Prince,—" It is very natural
that you should not wish to pay the debts of others."
It was said by an Honourable Member that the object
of the Conference was the restoration. A restoration, in-
deed ! Close to the French frontiers, a restoration ! Would
France consent that the sacred principle of popular elec •
lion should be trampled under foot so speedily ? In France,
as well as in England, all the principles of legitimacy were
derived from the exclusion of a restoration. Did gentle-
men think, if the Prince of Saxe Coburg accepted the
throne which the Prince of Orange coveted, that he would
keep it ? This was not the first time of their being rivals.
—(Laughter.) Yes, once at least before Prince Leopold
had Liken the place, and he kept it, aye, and kept it well
too.—(Bursts of laughter.) A parallel was attempted
to be made between the case of Prince Leopold and
that of the Duke of Nemours, but it could not hold ; for
in the latter case no one wished for him personally as So-
vereian, while France did nut dare to support him; while,
on the contrary, now all desired the Prince of Saxe Co-
burg personally, and nothing opposed his election to the
throne but a few details.
AI. de Robaulx then, in a loose rambling discourse,
commented at length on the speech of the Minister, and
contended that the conference of London plainly showed
its intention of having Limburg given to Holland in ex-
change for Luxemburg. fie placed no confidence in diplo-
macy ; and he would not vote for the Prince of Saxe Co-
burg, because he thought that if that Prince accepted the
throne, it would be with the protocols annexed to his ac-
ceptance, or otherwise it would be a refusal. He should
propose that the Regent be elected King, as an indigenous
Prince, whose worth, virtues, and talents were known to
all his countrymen.
M. A. Gendebien commented at great length on the
acts of the Ministry. He had personally done much for
the freedom of his country, yet he would vote against the
election of Prince Leopold of Saxe Coburg, who was a
spring borrowed from the machine of the Holy Alliance,
in order to stop the movement of the revolution. To the
Prince he bad no personal dislike ; but his election would
produce the same evils as in France, where the Charter
was whatthe Constitution of Belgium might become a cheat
,dune mensonge). He should vote for a native Prince.'
The Congress then adjourned until ten o'clock on Satur-

day. During this day's proceedings the conduct of the
public in the galleries was tranquil and becoming.
SATURDAY, JUNE 4.
The crowd assembled round the Congress long before
the doors were opened.
At eleven o'elock the President took the chair. The
proces verbal of yesterday's proceedings was read and
adopted.
The President then declared that the order of the day
was the election of the chief of the state:
A short discussion took place as to the mode of proceed-
ing, when it was agreed that it should be conducted in pre-
cisely the same manner as that of the Duke de Nemours,
ou the 4th of February last.
A table was brought into the centre of the ball, by the
huissiers, and an urn was placed on the elevated table, be-
hind which the President and the four Secretaries sit.
The President then drew by lot the names of eight
mernlrors to form the committee of scrutiny, who took
their seats around the table, three acted as secretaries,
three as scrutineers, and two to read aloud the votes.
The lists of the members were then read over, and each,
as his name was called, went to the tribune
,in front of the
chair, and handed a billet to the President, who put it into
the urn. Each billet was signed with the member's name.
This proceeding occupied more than half an hour.
M. A. Rodenbach, who is blind, was led up the steps
of the tribune, in order to hand his ticket to the President.
The urn was handed down to the committee, and the
President declared that 196 members had given in their
votes: two were absent on account of illness, and two
without leave,
The tickets were then counted over, and found correct.
One of the committee then opened them, and read aloud
each vote, and the member's name; and the other mein-
ber took it, and also read it aloud. It was then handed
to the three scrutineers, who examined it to find it correct.
One vote was declared by the Congress to be null, on ac-
count of the wording of it.
After the tickets had been all read and pronounced cor-
rect, the result of the scrutiny was handed to the Presi-
dent, who read it aloud as follows :
For declaring his Royal Highness Leopold, Prince of Saxe Co-
burg, King of the Belgians
Against his election lO
For declaring the Regent, Baron Surlet de Chokier, King l4
Abstained from voting
One vote declared null

Total 196
The President then read the decree of the election, and
declared his Royal Highness Leopold George Frederick,
Prince of Saxe Coburg, Kit.g of the Belgians, in conformity
to the constitution.
The decree is as follows :
" In the name of the Belgian people, the National Con-
gress decrees—
" Art. 1. His Royal Highness Leopold, George Fre-
derick Prince of Saxe Coburg, is proclaimed King of the
Belgians, on condition of accepting the constitution es it
has been decreed by the National Congress.
Art. 2. He is not to take possession of the throne, until
after having solemnly taken the following oath I swear
to observe the constitution and laws of the Belgian people,
and to maintain the national independence and integrity of
the territory.'
The President, and the Congress, and the galleries ap-
plauded, by clapping their hands, and cries of "Bravo, and
long live our King."
The people on hearing the cannon announce the election,
rushed in crowds tow aids the Congress. All seemed pleased
and express their hopes that the Prince will come hither
and bring with him the liles•ings of peace and tranquillity.
The Congress next proceeded to name a commission of
ten members, including the President, who are to proceed
to London to announce his election to the new Monarch.

LISBON.

(From the Cork Southern Reporter.)

SEIZURE OF ALL THE PORTUGUESE
SHIPPING IN THE TAGUS, BY THE
FRENCH SQUADRI)N.
His Majesty's brig Nautilus, Lord G. Paulett, Corn
man'ler, arrived in this harbour last night, in seven days'
from Lisbon, and has therefore brought accounts much
later than those by the Lisbon mail.
The Nautilus left on Friday, the 27th ult., at which

time two French frigates, two corvettes, and a brig, had
arrived in the Tagus, seized on all Portuguese vessels in
port, and were also making capture of all Portuguese
vessels arriving. A great increase of the French force was
hourly looked for. His Majesty's ship Windsor Castle,
and others of the British squadron, left with the Nautilus.

CAPTURE OF THE ISLAND OF ST.
GEORGE BY THE PORTUGUESE
CONSTITUTIONAISTS.

By the Good Intent APDonahl, arrived off this harbour
from Terceira, we have advices froru that island to the
17th of May.
On the 9-h of April the Regency laid an embargo on
the British shipping in Angra ; and on the 17th, 600
troops, with four field pieces and materiel, were embarked
on board six schooners, only two of which belonged to
Government, the remainder being the British schooners,
Maria, of Plymouth ; Rose, of Jersey ; Duchess of
Gloucester; and the Coquette, of London. The three
former were freighted by the Government; and the
Coquette, just arrived with a cargo from Liverpool, being
refused on the same terms, was taken possession of. The
troops were landed at Pico, having lost nearly all their
beats, and the Coquette was wrecked at Terceira on the
30th of April.
A Brazilian vessel was sent into Angra by the Maria.
The English brig Alexander, from Bahia for Hamburg,
touched there on the 14th of April for refreshments, and
was brought forcibly into the bay and detained under the
forts, whilst a French ship for Havre was supplied and al-
lowed to proceed. These outrages on the British flag had
caused a great sensation on the island, and given alarm
to the British subjects for their persons and property,
pirticu'arly as a bad feeling had shewn itself in the gar-
rison against them. The expedition left Pico and took
possession of the island of St. George, on the Bth of May.
They met with a feeble resistance, but slaughtered about
300 of the troops and inhabitants, and sent about 100
prisoners to Angra by the Duchess of Gloucester.
On the 14th, and 16th of AI ly about 200 additional
troops embarked at Angra, for St. George's, whence they
intended to make a descent on Fdyal (the original object
of attack), where the garrison, it is said, offered to surren-
der on being allowed to evacuate the islind.
A contribution of 40,000 milreas (about 7,000/.) had
been levied off the inhabitants of Angra, the garrison
being seven months in arrear.
The embargo was only taken off the day the Good
Intent sailed. Several cargoes of oranges had decayed in
consequence of the detention.

REFORM.—England (as compared with other
giant
i
nations) has flourished, not by virtue of the rotten-borough
" constitution," but in despite of it. There was $
vigour in the national mind—a growing vitality n the
productive powers of the people, which the wide-eating
cancer of borough legislation could not devour, nor subdue.
So that if Old England still exists a great and opulent na-
tion, it is only because her creative energies have hitherto
outgrown the devouring capabilities of the monster. A
nation never yet was made great by robbers, and revel-
lers, and debauchees, and hypocrites. And what else have
boroughmongers been ? 0 yes ! 'tis high time the people
should know that England owes her greatness, not to
titled drones and malefactors, but to the poor despised mil-
lions, who would build all the houses—raise all the food--
make all the clothes—work all the mines—and fight all
the battles. These are the men who constitute the flower
and strength, and pride and wealth, of a community. --
Not a gouty, gambling, divorcing, intriguing, graceless,
prayerless, brainless, heartless, worthless, plundering crew
I,f pensioners, who call the wealth-producers the " lower
orders," and treat them like beasts as if God Almighty
made them like camels, with hunches on their backs ;
whilst they call themselves the " higher orders," though
they do nothing but talk, and dissipate, anti make bad
laws, to keep the workmen in ignorance and poverty.--
Birmingham Herald.

Influenza at present prevails to a great extent
in this city and neighbourhood ; but the nature of the
disease seems to be comparatively innocent, and scarcely
any mortality has ensued from it alone. It seems to be
infectious, and is indicated by a pain of the head and breast,
accompanied with a running at the nostrils, and general
debility. Scarcely a family has escaped, more or less, the
infection.— Glasgow Chronicle.

It is now very generally admitted, by their
warmest partisans, that it was to their personal hauteur and
unapproachableness that the Tories mainly owe their ex-
pulsion from office; and that if, instead of listening only
to their little world of Downing-street, they bad sought
information in a wider circle, they would have learnt what
public feeling and opinion was, and conformed their con-
duct to their knowledge.

Of the numerous barristers who travel the dif-
ferent circuits, it is calculated that not more than one-
fifth have business enough to cover their expenses ; and of
the remainder one-half do not so much as handle a single
brief,

Vibr

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 7, 1831.

We regret to learn by the Hamburg Re-
porter, and other Papers of Friday, that the
Poles found it necessary to retire on Praga,
in consequence of the advance of DIEBITSCH,
who had been joined by the Guards .The
object of the Poles had, however, been at-
tained, as appears by the report of the Genera-
lissimo. The chief object of the movement of
the army towards Tykoczin and Lomza was to
enable a corps under the command of General
CHRAPOWSKI to reach Lithuania, in order to
afford assistance to the insurgents in that pro-
vince. This point having been attained, as the
Commander-in-Chief found it impossible to in-
duce the Russian Guards to give battle, and as
the junction of Marshal DIEBITSCH with the
Guards would give a combined force far Superior
to his own, he determined to return to his farmer
position, while General GIELGUD, who it was
intended should enter the northern part of Lithu- '
ania, began his march upon Lomza. Marshal
DIEBITSCH, in the mean time; having effected
his junction with the Guards, determined
to cut off the Poles from Warsaw. But in
this he was defeated. Both armies met
on the 26th at Ostrolenka, and both fought
with most resolute bravery. The Poles remained
masters of the field of battle, though they
deemed it prudent to retire during the night.--
So desperate were the Russians that four regi-
ments of the Imperial Guard were cut to pieces
in attempting to cross the Narew. The Poles
lost neither artillery, baggage, nor prisoners, for
there was no quarter asked nor given. Two
Polish Generals, KICKI and KAMINSKI, were
killed, and Generals Pm: and BOGUSTOWSKI
slightly wounded. Three Russian Generals
were killed. The chief work was performed
with the bayonet, which accounts for the
great loss on both sides. The Poles lost
about 4,000, and the Russians from 15,000
to 16,000, for there were about 20,000 left
dead or wounded on the field of battle. It does
not appearw nether the Poles evacuated Tykoczin,
and as General GIELGUD retired on Lomza, a
strongly fortified place, we trust that he keeps
possession%
s.
enot at all despair of their cause. Two
Regiments of Infantry, and several squadrons of
Though the Poles have thus suffered
of it.
severely,
do
Cavalry, joined their camp next day after the
battle, and we shall not be surprised to hear
that DIEBITSCH, whose army must have
been very severely punished and disorganized,
was to retreat immediately on finding that the

Polk are able to maintain their positions, while
his rear is endangered by the formidable charac-
ter of the insurrection hi Lithuania ; the gallant
people of which will be greatly strengthened and
cheered by the division of the Polish army sent
to their assistance. The arrival of that force will
give consistency and effect to all the operations
of the insurgents in Lithuania, and compel
the Russians to retreat for want of provisions,
as all their resources in that direction will be
entirely cut of. If the Poles retain possession
of Lomza, the communication with Prussia will
also be cut off, and DJEBITSCII must SOOn find
that his situation is rendered more critical than
ever. The loss consequent on his precipi-
tate retreat across the Bug, and the great
sacrifice of men in advancing on Ostrolenka,
must have crippled his numerical strength
considerably. We await the next accounts
with impatience, but no anxiety for the cause of
Polish independence, for it is impossible in such
a struggle, where the disproportion of force is so
great, and the nature of the contest so des-
perate, that even the most intrepid can succeed
without occasional reverses of fortune. The
Poles have performed miracles, and they must
eventually triumph, because they deserve it.
Never was patriotic valour in any age or nation
more worthy of the crown of immortality.
England ! England !—and France !—regene-
rated France !—where art thou ? Can thy
chivalrous sympathy only look on in shame,
and weave the garland destined to adorn the
grave of heroic Poland—once the devoted
partner of thy military glories. Alas ! for thy
spirit, but more for thy fame.

An Express from Paris has brought the
Journals of Sunday, and the Messager and
Gazette dated yesterday. They contain, says
the Morning Herald, confirmations of the
great successes of the Poles on the 23d ult. It
was reported and confidently believed in Paris,
that Marshal DIEBITSCEI had commenced his
retreat on the night of the 20th and 21st of
May. A letter from our Private Correspondent
ascribes this important step to causes similar to
those which compelled Marshal MASSENA to
break up from before Torres Vedras.
•

The journal des Debats contains a most im-
portant announcement (the authenticity qftehich
it guarantees), namely, that the " States" of
several counties of Hungary had addressed their
King (the Emperor FRANCIS) requesting per•
mission to send arms and provisions to their
ancient friends the Poles ; and the immediate
convocation of the Diet to deliberate on the best
means of assuaging the sufferings of the Polish
nation.

Paris remained tranquil, but the internal state
of France is by no means satisfactory. A dis-
turbance took place on the 29th ult. at Grenoble,
which was followed by the chaunting of the
Marseillaise by the people, and other indications
of insubordination.

To those few among our readers who may
still entertain a silly apprehension of Reform,
we would beg leave to recommend a careful pe-
rusal of a little work, just published, entitled
The Life of Thomas Muir. They will there
see what was the character of the system which
they are so unwilling to see amended : what
were the crimes, the blunders, the monstrous
acts of despotism which an Anti-Reform
Government committed, and which the Con-
stitution, as by them expounded, expressly
sanctioned. The tyranny of NAPOLEON in
the utmost plenitude of his power, with
the Continent within his grasp, and its
base, abject, crouching Sovereigns at his
feet, right glad, the majority of them, to get
even a smile from the great man, whose
despotism they subsequently more than
rivalled, without one atom of his redeeming
qualities ;—the tyranny of NAPOLEON himself
was a joke compared with that exercised over
the souls and bodies of the people of Grea
Britain, during the dynasty of the Ultras, as repre-
sented by the PITT Administration. The liberty
of no individual in the community was then secure;
spies traversed the kingdom with impunity
taxes were laid on at the mere caprice of Che
Minister ; place and promotion were confined
solely to the worthless and the sycophantic ; in '
fact, the reign of terror and injustice was every
where predominant. To be a Reformer in
those days was to be an infidel—an
apostate—a traitor. Even a whisper on the
subject was sufficient to mark a man for life.
The life of THOMAS MUIR developes a series of
atrocities on the part of an Ultra Government,
which are without parallel in the annals of any
country. His trial was a mere mockery of justice,
the Judge who condemned him was an acknow-
ledged partisan, who had publicly advocated
the propriety of spilling a little blood, in order
to bring the Reformers to their senses ; the
Jury were packed, and chosen by his Lord-
ship
their
phimself,oliticaflromt
tenets;
previousets ;a
t acquaintance
ld
the se
degreentence,
harsh
thunwarrantedpanel
was by y
athe e
eloquent
ent
silteNl VI
Consti-
tution, was defended by the Judge on the so-
hpahrisshtictao a
so-
phistical plea
man, and had been applauded by some indivi-
duals in Court—a clear proof that his removal
to a distant climate was necessary to the public
tranquillity ! This cold-blooded mockery of jus-
tice took place under an Anti-Reform Adtninis-
tration ; and our chief object in alluding to it here,
is for.the purpose of impressing on the minds
of those who still doubt the propriety of a change
in the representative system, the important fact,
that should an Ultra Administration ever again
succeed in working its way to power, the
very same atrocities would be renewed. Cir-
cumstances which influence most men, have no
effect on the unyielding mind of the true Ultra.
He is the same in 1831 as he was in 1793. He
is the most stubborn animal in creation ; a cross
between the mule and the ass, blending the
dogged obstinacy
of the one with the inve-
terate stupidity 0f the other. Let the system
under which this creature has been reared,
strengthened, and matured in his incom-
but once again obtain the ascendancy,
petency,

and the sufferings of such reformers as THOMAS'
MUIR will be revived a hundred fold in severity.
Let the timid but well-meaning Anti-Reformer
remember this.

The following are some further extracts from
Hamburg Papers:—

BERLIN, MAY 29.—Accounts from Memel of the
25th instant announce, that the Governor-General of
Livonia, Esthonia, and Courland, had given orders on
the 16th, that the Prussian post to and from St. Peters-
burg!' shall no longer be forwarded by the steam-boat be-
tween Liebau and Memel, but by the usual poet road
through Polangen, that road being. now cleared of the
insurgents, and perfectly secure.

Accounts from Tilsit announce that the Chief of the
Insurgents, Puschet, had been shot in an obstinate en-
gagement with the Russian troops,
JUNE 2.—lt seems that General Umintki brought the
army into danger by not follow:ng his instructions.
There is no account of the present situation of his corps,
but we hear that this General himself has resigned his
command. General Chi ipowski, who is detached to
Lithuania, is a native of the Grand Duchy of Posen, and
brother-in-law to the Princess Lowicz. It is said that
General Skrzynecki had arrived at Warsaw, while the
army was retreating in good order on the high road from
Pult Lusk to Praga.
The purchases of corn made in East Prussia, for the
Russian army, are very extensive, and enormous prices are-
paid for the conveyance.
GRODNO, MAY 19.—We have just received news that
the last risings in Volhynia, a faint echo of the expedition
of Dwernicki, are entirely quelled. As for Samogitia,
matters cannot be settled at once, as the country is so ex-
tensive ; but as soon as the small number of the insti-
gators
of the tr'.ub!es is removed, will be quiet tJredtso. _•
The great mass of the people join the inst.rration ettb
by compulsion, or, at least, lukewarmness. „ „„„
The property to be confiscated at Samogitia will he
added to the fund of the invalids ; in the other provinces
it will be chiefly applied to the founding or endowing of
the poor Greek churches in Poland. It is well known
that the whole population south of Polozk, Minsk, and
Brresc-Litewski, profess the Greek religion, and only the
Nobility are Catholics.
SCHWERIN, JUNE I.—A very severe grand Ducal
Ordnance was issued on the 29th April, against such as
join in illegal associations among the students in the Uni-
versity of Rostock.
HAMBURG, JUNE 2.—On the 20th instant, two batta-
lions of troops of the line, of the principality of Leppe,
marched from Dettnold, to reinforce the garrison of
Luxembou, g.
The Grand Duke of Oldenburg passed through Bremen
yesterday, on his return to his dominions.

Extract of a letter from Hamburg to the Agent
at Lloyd's, dated June 3 :

" A vessel arrived yesterday at Lubeck from Riga,
which she left on tl e 27th ult. and Boldera on the
29th. The cholera morbus had shewn itself there six
days previously, and sixteen of the lower classes had died
of it. The Foreign Consul had, for two days previous to
the vessel's departure, refused to grant bills of health. The
intelligence had been communicated to St. Petersburgh,
and every precaution adopted by the Magistrates of Rigs ,
to prevent the spread of this disorder. The vessel had
been put under strict quarantine, ar.d the passengers
(seventeen in number) who had landed, were sent on b .ard
again, but they and the crew were in perfect health."

THE FUNDS.—(THIS DAY.)
CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.
We have very few arrivals this morning.
Charlestone Papers to the .2.1411 April have been received
at the North and South American Coffee-house.
FROM LIMA.
The ship Florida had arrived at New York, having left
Callao Jan. 13. The tri-coloured flag was hoisted on board
the French brig of war Nisus and corvette Durance, and
was saluted by all the men-of-war in port.
The Peruvian Congress bad not yet been able to form a
quorum.

FROM BUENOS GYRES.
The Buenos Ayres Papers to the 6th Feb. state that
hostilities between those provinces and the nine provinces
of the interior had actually begun. A despatch from Col.
Debou, to the Supreme Military Chief of the Interior Pro-
vinces, states that the troops under his command had dis-
persed a Buenos Ayres division of 500 men.

Since our last news the interior warlike preparations
have been going forward with increased activity. In a
short time our brethren in the interior will receive
the reinforcements which they had a right to ex-
pect from us, and we sha!l be able very soon to cotn-
municate news of importance. hitherto the interior pro-
vinces have entrusted the management of their foreign re•
lotions to the Government of Buenos Ayres.
Custom-house, Philadelphia, April 11.
" Sto,—The Secretary of the Treasury has referred to
ntoe anyu °
foreign p
mayiur
ovnal
by
ft
which
t aittleigy-dGeceindee,ria lt,h
autti with
foreignth e Pre
dent's
be exported, for the benefit of the drawback,
port or place situated to the westward or
mer-
chandiseia aPp
southward of Louisiana, although such port or pl ace •
being the dominions of a foreign State, immediately ad-
joining the United States.
" JAS. ANDERSON, Comptroller."
TILE FUNDS.
,nslt,Rgaih,:eietcbswhesutterbi
vrgeroell elated
:tp:ei.esydoeyip,osetlneete
rxt}td)looyieryce
tosvahsentelc4:Bß.o:un:
sotafhnetshe
atPlyr:elae
dos
yr!
dreadfulttr.t°l: -day
a;datoe Yesftlseneloaro;
stigni,at ohl
dYfiter has taken place on both sides, but the
eft
for the Ac-
count, opened at 81I; k, with little doing at present.
HALF-PAST ONE.
By the last accounts from Lima, in the American Papers
received this morning, we find that the relations between
Peru and Bolivia were still favourable to peace.
We have no further information to expect this day from
the theatre of war in Poland, the Hamburg steamer
having art ived ; consequently it will be three or four days
before we receive fresh intelligence from that quarter. In
the mean time the mind of the public will be greatly ex-
cited to learn the future Operations of the Russians, and
their successes will entirely depend on their keeping open
their communications with Russia, so as to receive their
supplies of provisions and reinforcements. The insurgents
of Lithuania must do their duty, or Warsaw will fall a
sacrifice

The fluctuation of Consols this morning has been front
81. E down to 8I ; for the Account no speculations of im-
portance have occurred. In the Foreign Market Brazil is
lower, and tie other Foreign Stocks are heavy.
THREE O'CLOCK •

Consols, 84.

Prince LEOPOLD was elected on Saturday by
a majori'y of 152 out of 196. The intelligence was
communicated yesterday to his Royal Highness, and a
Deputation to him frcm the Congress is expected to arrive
this evening.
A well-known wit has been heard to declare
Ora nothing will convince him that, if the Niger empties
its' If into the ocean, it can be any where but into the
Black Sea.

It is related of the celebrated Dr. DONNE
that a few days before his death he consented to be stripped
and dressed in his grave clothes, and stood on au urn carved
in wood to have his likeness taken for hi., monument,
which, after his death, was executed accordingly.

The butchers have thought proper again to
raise the price of meat. " This is really too bad."

THE TuttF.---Some of the sufferers at the
late races have found out, th,iugh alas ! too late, the truth
of the representations as tar the fraudulent tran•actione of
jockeys and their titled employers, made by a well.known
sporting Baronet in his recently published novel under the
above name. How happy for some of the losers had they
been less incredulous as to the remarkable disclosures made
in the pages of the story. " Speak ye who best can tell."

PROVIDENTIAL ESCAPE.—Yesterday after-
'icon an accident took place on the river, near Fresh
Wharf, which had nearly proved fatal to four persons.
The Witham the Fourth, Margate steamer, on nearing
the wharf made a dead stop for a few seconds, and then,
at a slow pace, she began to move again, when a Water-
man with his wherry, in which was a man and two females,
inciutiously pulled the head of his boat under the paddles,
by which the whole parry were ups-t into the watert
Several boatmen who saw the accident put out immediately
to the assistance of the sufferers, and succee,ted in rescuing
the whole from a watery grave. The females, as might
be expected, were nearly killed by the fright ; they were,
however, carried into a neighbouring public-house, where
they were properly attended to, and subsequently were
enabled to proceed to their homes. It was said to be entirely
the limit of the waterinan, as the steamer was proceeding at
a very slow pace when the accident occurred.

I

3 THOMAS.

in severity.
i -R efortner

(tracts from

Memel of the
tor-General of,
yen orders on
1m St. Peters-
tteam-boat be-
ual poet road
:!eared of LW

Chief of the
i obstinate en-

i brought the

instructions.
of his corps,
s resigned his
detached to
of Posen, and
t is said that
law, while the
igh road front

russia, for the
nous prices are

ived news that
the expedition
for Samogitia,
untry is so ex-
er of the insti-
uiet tlarrodleo,,
a.roalon eitb
tire
nogitia will he
they provinces
or endowing of
is well known
k, Minsk, and
1, and only the

grand Ducal
gainst such as
is in the Uni-

tilt, two Nata-
lity of Leppe,
Le garrison of

['rough Bremen

to the Agent

rk from Riga,
loldera on the
itself there six
Masses had died
lays previous to
of health. Tle
t. Petersburgh,
strates of Riga ,
The vessel had
the passengers
.e sent on b .ard
rt health."

AY.)

)'CLOCK

re been received
ouse.

ork, having 'eft

foisted on board
Durance, and

n able to form a

Feb. state that
e nine provinces
'patch from Co).
he Interior Pro-
nmand had die-
m.

ike preparations
actiJny. to a
or will receive
a right to ex-
y soon to cotn-
lie interior pro-
their foreign re•

iia, April 11.
r has referred to
with the Presi-
it foreign mer-
if the drawback,
the westward or
port or place •
immediately ad-

Comptroller."

y of the Poles ;
n the City, on
issians : already
sides, but the

135 for the Ac-
at present.

IST ONE.

kmerican Papers
.lations between
'race.

!et this day from
imburg steamer
hree or four days
lat quarter. In
11 be greatly ex-
le Russians, and
it keeping open
to receive their

The insurgents
treaw will fall a

bas been float
eeulations of im-

Ifarket Brazil is
eavy.
O'CLOCK

Saturday by
intelligence was
Highness, and a
xpected to arrive

and to declare
le Niger empties
ere but into the

Dr. DONNE
ed to be stripped
on au urn carved
his monument,
rdinEdy.

oiler again to
too bad."

iferers at the
)o late, the truth
t transactions of
by a veil•known
I navel under the
e losers had they
disclosures made
ho beat can tell."

esterday after-
•iver, near Fresh
to four persons.
rner, on nearing
:onds, and then,
when a water-
.and two females,
n ler the paddles,
into the wat.er,
out immediately
:e.led in rescuing
males, as might
; they were,
lie-house, where
►hsequently viere
,aid to be entirely
ras proceeding at