The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-20 00:00:00

THE

and, under the cloak of Austria, perhaps on Great
Britain. He then described the importance of f
that
Protectorate, which made France the umpire oall
the difficulties that arose between the Holy
See and the minor Catholic Powers. Napoleon said
that the amity of the Pope was worth an army of
200,000 men ; and there was no exaggeration in that
appreciation of the Emperor when it was consiooodere of
d
that he was the spiritual chief of 200,000,
souls. M. Thuriot then described the terror prete -
vailing at Rome when the French army presend
itself at its gates. It had reached such a pitch, that
on the eve of the arrival of Garibaldi, the population
in despair was disposed to treat with General Oudinot.
He then enumerated the arbitrary measures resorted
to by the triumvirs to maintain their power, and
showed the people groaning under the most intolerable
of tyrannies—that of anarchy. The only persons
who enjoyed freedom were Mazzini, Garibaldi, and
their band—the convicts whom they had liberated
and enrolled under their banner—and, he would
add, a schismatic bishop, who, by fraud and
forgeries, had surprised the confidence of Pope
Leo XII., and caused himself to be con-
secrated a bishop. The individual, who, in every
civilized country, would have been sentenced to the
galleys for those sacrilegious frauds, was confined
in the prisons of the Inquisition, and restored to
liberty by the revolutionists. In conclusion, he de-
clared himself satisfied with the motu proprio of
Pius IX., and voted in favour of the credits demanded
for the expedition to Rome.
General Cavaignac, who followed, said, that it had
been often asserted that the expedition he intended to
send to Italy, in Novembeflast, had pointed out the
course the Government had since followed. Such
was not the case. He bad been informed
by a secondary agent, at Rome, that the
Pope was a prisoner in his palace, and was preparing
to fly to Civita Vecchia to place himself under the
, protection of France. Under these circumstances he
thought he could not do less than offer assistance to a
" respectable man," who demanded protection from
the French Republic. M. de Corcelles was ordered
to Civita Vecchia, and 3,000 or 4,000 men placed at
his d:sposal to enable him to accomplish his mission.
On reaching Marseilles, M. de Corcelles was officially
informed that the Pope had safely arrived at Gaeta,
and that hi:, personal security was no longer in dan-
ger. He .sailed from Marseilles without the
expedition. Secret instructions were given to M. de
Corcelles, but they nowise affected the Roman ques-
tion. lie was told to concert measures with M.
d'Harcourt, and should the latter not concur in his
views he was to succeed him as Minister of the
Republic. He then contended that when the Pope
left Rome the Romans had a right to give them-
selves a Government independent of him. The
French Cabinet recommended his Holiness to return
to Rome, and to come to an understanding with his
people. The Pope having refused, it was natural to
suppose that the Romans would adopt a Republican
form of government. France was placed in this
alternative. She should either allow another Power
to crush the Roman Republic, which would have
produced the ruin of her influence in Italy, or attack
it herself, in violation of the principle of her Govern-
ment. General Cavaignac was of opinion that,
in the course of time, the popular sovereignty
would ultimately absorb the temporal sore-
reignity of the Pope, and that the Romans
would then establish a form of government to which
it would be subordinate. Had he planned the expe-
dition and sent an army to Rome, he should have pre-
sented himself with an ultimatum, stipulating the esta-
blishment of a secular administration, and of a repre-
sentative government, and the grant of municipal in-
stitutions. General Cavaignac then blamed the reporter
of the committee (M. Thiers) for having stated that the
Constitution was defective. The Assembly itself did,
not posse ss thatlright, and cifortiori are of its committee.
Then, returning to the report, he found it in direct
opposition with a document emanating from the Pre-
sident of the Republic. That document contained prin-
ciples highly patriotic, and worthy not only of the im-
mortal name of the writer hut of the great nation who
chose him for its chief. But he belived that the President
had no right to substitute a personal policy to that of
the Assembly. The Constitution was precise on the
subject. The Assembly was sovereign in foreign
matters, and a conflict would naturally arise between
the executive and legislative powers, which would
inflict a mortal blow on the authority of the former,
that would be truly deplorable. He then examined
the results of the expedition, and declared that it
had not increased the influence of France in Italy.
He was also of opinion that it had not secured to the
Roman people the degree of liberty it was entitled
to, that is, a secular administration, a serious re-
presentation, and municipal institutions. If the
Assembly took the view of the question presented
yesterday by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, he
would certainly vote against the credits demanded for
the expedition.
M. Victor Hugo, the next speaker, said that, after
the battle of Novarre, when the expedition to Rome
was agreed to, General Lamoriciere ascended the
tribune, and said, "Italy has just lost her battle of
Waterloo. Austria is now mistress of Italy. She
will proceed to Rome, and there renew the atrocities
she has perpetrated at Milan. If you intend to pre-
vent it, you must send an expedition to Rome."
M. Odilon Barrot having replied that the French
troops would be a safeguard to liberty and humanity,
the General exclaimed—" If we cannot save the Re-
public, luegtnutshaetn ledarsetwsaavehilduibeenrtay
'Picture of the atro-
cities committed by the Havnaus and Radetzkys,
which he denounced to the indignation of mankind.
These artraocriiiatimesenht,adand the French h been already branded in the
British Assembly
oiat a
a rs .
could
not but join in imprecations against such m
(LoudmHu gof
0 tacclamationshtteen urefepeournrbetldhi
c. to
the
e L
He s h
Left.)
)
letterald
written by the
President
have preferredutsuch
an act of Government deliberated in should
; but
as it was, it fixed a basis for the negotiation,. and gave
the Pope useful advice in his own interest. The motu
replyitgr
granted
Holinessl to the letter. In
ip)roolpatrioof
w as
liberty,the tehdisnot in point of cle-
mency, it granted still less. It nothing
propositions
en masse under the fallacious name of an amnesty.
Now, if the Assembly adopted the letter, it con-
demneda vice. versa, and he the motu proprio,
en-
treated his collesges to bear in mind that Austria her-
selfßTohmee greatwth
Franceproved o f
shouldt the act
be
u of the
ea onti
reconcileff
yis .13 e
nlsna
hoireder thatt that reconciliation
obecdtisoai
tothe
itthewPasapinadc
Sovereignage Pontiff
comprehend the wants of theshould
that he should hoist the Ibanner dearand of his people;
" secularization and nationality" and to
distrustltalians—
his worst
enemy; he did not mean the revolutionary
the clerical spirit. M. Hugo then called spirit, but
Assembly to insist on an unconditional amnestyon the
'
(Cries of " No, no, on on the Right.) „
If you do
not," exclaimed M. Hugo, " we will req •
force the Pope to grant it."—(Loud murmursuire it, and
Right, and bravos on the Left.) ie on the
said it was the interest of then
Franc
evacuate Rome as soon as possible, as otherwise it
to
would become for her a new Algeria, and devour her
children and treasure. But she should beware of
leaving behind the seeds of a new revolution. The
expedition, irreproachable at its onset, might become
blameable and criminal in its results. This would
be the case if France neglected to maintain and safely
guard the liberty of the Roman people. He trusted,
in conclusion, that the French arms in going to Rome
may have reaped something else besides shame.--
(Cheers on the Left.)
M. Victor Hugo, on descending from the tribune,
received the congratulations of the members of the
Mountain.
M. de Montalembert, who succeeded, observed that
the speech of M. Hugo had received the chastisement
it deserved by the applause it had elicited.—(Uproar
on the left ; cries of " Order ! order !")
You have no right to call a speaker to order, ob-
served the President; permit M. Montalembert to
explain himself.
When silence was restored, M. de Montalembert
said that he withdrew the expression " chastisement."
and substituted for it the word "recompense."—
(Laughter.) He could not help wondering how a
man who bad hitherto belonged to the majority, and
had, like him, been sent to the Assembly to support
the great principle of order could court such applause
He hoped he would satisfactorily account to the elec-
tors of Paris for that dereliction of principle.—
(Violent tumult on the Left, which was not appeased
at the hour of post.)

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.
The Breslauer Zeitung of the 15th inst. announces
the arrival at Breslau of General Khipka, the late
Commander of Comorn. Letters from Vienna of the
11th inst. announces the arrest of the ex Minister,
Baron Pillersdorf, whom the Austrian police appre-
hended at TOsslau. The arrest, it is stated, took
place on the information of Dr. Fischhoff, an ex•
Cuommissiouer in Baron Pillersdort's Cabinet, and
PetersburghOnt
h. 5. stands indic'ed cn a charge of high treason.
-51. Peginar, the
master's aff:tiros
left Vienna , Adjutant of the King of Naples,
the 13th instant for Warsaw and St.
two French officers of Peginar. was
confer with the Czar concerning his
papers
tshtigla rank.
state that thaccompaniedcrown
S.
Stephen has beenpassPe
uumiste.r, had Kossuth's
Szemere, the ilungarsianLo
:ern crown and the
instru?tions. to take the London. ,
This statement
malicioust rumours
They assert that.
insignia of the empire to En
explains and contradicts the laten .A
which have gone abroad in the
Szernere having robbed Kossuth. Austrian press of
The Kollar Zeitung contains the following
expla-
nation of the alleged Hungarian plans for revolution-
izing the east of Europe :--
Our readers are aware that the Ooterresehiche
Correspondat has lately published the minutes of a
conference which it was stated, was held in Paris,