The Sun.
London, England, 1849-07-03 00:00:00

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.

BRISTOL, JULY 2.
kTocic EXCUANGE.—The market was very flat to-day, and prices
depressed. Great Western, Quarters, were done at 5 11-16 dfs.
LIVERPOOL, JULY 2.
STOOL EXCIIANGE.—There was very little business transacted to-
day. Prices were a shade lower. Tho sales are—Liverpocl, Chester.
and Stockport, 4 dis.—Lancashire and Yorkshire Quarters, 5 dis.—
Ditto, Fifths, 3% dis.—London and North-Western.
New Quarters, 3% p. Manchester,' Sheffield, and Lincolnshire,
('reference, 11%-51idland, 68%—Ditto, Halves,
15% —York and
13136—Ditto.
12% (M.—North
Staffordshire, 4% dis.—North-Western, 81. las. 9d.—York, New-
-6 per _
New-
castle, and Berwick (G. N. E. Purchase).
cent.atoill (llBts. )0, 1850,
6:
North Midland, 303,i.
18s. 9d. tils.—Shrewsbury and Chester, Preference,
MANCHESTER, JuLY 2.
STOCK EXCKANGE.—The transactions to-day were as follow
4. c dis. Dover (No. 4), 67,,'
Sheffield and Lincolnshire, 15% n. eeds, Fifths, 3% dis._North
Staffordshire, is .
c. Int.

BIRMINGHAM, JULY 2.
STOCK ExcaAN GE.—The transactions to-day were as follow :
North stftiodshire, 41. Bs. 9d. dis.— Shrewsbury and Birmingham(B), 4 did.a

YRK, ;TUNE
STOCK EXCIIANGE.— O 30.
The transactions to.day have been as fol-
low : Great Northern, 10%—Ditto, Preference, 2/. 18s. 6d.—Ditto
(London and York Extension), lls. 3d.—York, Newcastle, and Ber-
wick (Newcastle Extension), 14%—Ditto (G. N. E. Purchase), 4%.

~IA
DAME SONTAG.—HIS Excellency Count Rossi,
Sardinian Minister to the Prussian Court, had an audience to
take leave, on his retirement, on the 20th ult. The King
likewise received Count and Countess Rossi (Madame
Sontag) in private audience, on the 25th ult., after which
they quitted Berlin, and reached Dover on Saturday last.
ROME.—France has contrived to place herself in _
the most unenviable situation in the eyes of Europe. Neither
Catholic nor Protestant nations approve of her conduct to-
wards the Romans. Wherever you go you hear Men of all
classes and of all parties utterly condemning the interven-
tion ; and, as to its real object, all are equally at a loss in
their conjectures.—Patriot.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—A Most Inveterate Skin Di-
sease Cured by Holloway's Ointmentcov earned and
withPi sores jamfreosmiltahz:
litt, millwright of Nenagh, county of Donegal, was afflicted
with a dreadful skin disease, being
ear to the elbow, ard down the right side, which rendered him
totally unable to work at his trade. His malady was of so ma-
lignant a nature that he became a loathsome object of pity.
In this state be was presented with some of Holloway's Oint-
ment and Pills, and by persevering in the use of these wonder-
ful
remedies for a few weeks he has been soundly cured; and is
now able to resume his laborious occupation.—Sold by all
Druggists, and at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244,
Strand, London.

THE BOMBARDMENT OF ROME.
The following is an extract of a letter from Father

Ventura :

" At the moment that I am writing these lines my
heart is bowed down with grief. The French soldiers
are bombarding Rome, destroying its monuments,
and massacring its inhabitants, and blood is
flowing in streams on both sides. Fears are enter-
tained lest when the French enter Rome by as-
sanit the people should in its rage massacre all
the priests and all the nuns. What a fine victory will
this be for France What a great restoration of the
Pope! History tells us that restorations by force are
not durable, and that thrones raised upon dead bodies
and in blood are certain to be soon overthrown. Of
all the combinations discussed at Gaeta the most
fatal has been chosen. But what is still more
grievous to every catholic mind is that this re-
storation, if it takes place, will destroy the autho-
rity of the Pontiff without establishing the power of the
Prince. Each cannon ball that ruins the walls of
Rome will destroy by degrees the faith of the Ro-
mans in the Catholic Religion. The. effect
,pro-
duced by " confetti di Pio Aim, mandati a suor fight '
(the cannon balls so ticketed and carried through
the 'city) is known, but is as nothing compared to
the rage against the Church, and the Catholic religion,
created by the sight of the French shells. As most of
these shells have fallen in the Transtevere, and ruined
the houses of the poor people who inhabit it, as well as
killed some of them, the Transteverini—that portion of
the population, lately so catholic, are those who now
curse and blaspheme against the Pope and the clergy, in
whose name they see all this carnage and horror.
"I am far from believing that Pius the Ninth desires, or
even knows all
.this; but what I know and believe on
this matter is unknown to the Roman people, who only
see and feel that they they are suffering. They see
that the Austrians, with Monsignor Bedini amongst
them, are ravaging the legations, bombarding towns,
imposing enormous taxes on peaceable citizens, are
prescribing and shooting the most ardent patriots,
and re-establishing the clerical absolutism wherever
they go. They see that the French are spilling Roman
blood in the name of the Pope, who has sent against them
four powers, armed with all the means of destruction,
against the Roman State, like a pack of hounds
against a wild beast. They feel and know all this,
and they rise against the Pope and the Church
in the name and interest of which the Pope pro-
claims that it is his duty to reconquer by force his
temporal power. The excesses of Rome have been sur-
passed by the excesses of Gaeta. Not a word has been
said of peace, reconciliation, or pardon; not a promise
made to maintain public liberties; and yet this ought to
have been done by the Pope. The last allocation of the
Pontiff has been read. How imprudent to have made the
Pope praise Austria, and the King of Naples, who have
ever been the sworn foes of Italian independence. How
much more imprudent still to make him say that,
of his own accord, he had appealed to the powers
to re-establish him on a throne which he had himself
.abandoned. It was confessing that he wished to do to
his people what be had declared unwilling last year to
da against the Croats and Austrians, oppressors of
Italy. Even the women feel this reasoning; and now
that they see the effects of this brutal war of four great
powers against a small state, their husbands and chil-
dren killed and wounded, you cannot form an idea of
the rage of these women, of the energetic sentiments
that they utter, and the fury that animates themagainst
the Pope, the cardinals, and the masa of the priesthood.
You can conceive, therefore, how it is that churches have
been devastated. People will no longer confess them-
selves, or communicate, or hear mass. There is no
longer any preaching at RJme, because no one will listen.
Everything that is presented by a priest, or smells of a
priest, is shunned.
"To me Pius IX. is always the vicar of Jesus Christ,
the head of the Church. But can the mass understand
this. I know that all the youth of Rome and all
those who have instruction, reason as follows :
The Pope want.; to reign over us by force.
He wants for the Church, or the priests, a sovereignty
which only b,longs to the people, and be thinks
that it is his duty to act thus, because we are Catho-
lics, and because Rome is the centre of Catholicism.
Well, what is there to prevent U 3 from abandoning Ca-
tholicism, and becoming Protestants if necessary; and
then what political right can he urge against us? For
is it not horrible to think, that because we are Catholics
and sons of the Church, we must be kept in leading
strings by the Church, abjure all our rights, and expect
from the liberality of priests as a concession what is
justly due to us, and be condemned to the lot of the most
miserable of nations?'

" These sentiments are more common than they are
supposed to be, and have even penetrated into the minds
of women. And thus my labours of twenty years have
been lost, and Protestantism is de facto implanted in a
portion of the good and religious Roman people, and
that too, horrible to relate, by the priesthood itself and
the tied policy into which the Pope has been drawn.
" Had Pope Pius IX. been left to himself, he would
never have left Rome. Had he done so, he would
not at any rate have left the Roman states, but
would have gone to Bologna, Ancona, or Civita
Vecchia, where he would have been received
as from heaven. He would not have gone to Gaeta
and refused to see the Roman deputations, and he would
have.said :--6 Let me stay in exile rather than appeal to
arms which would perhaps subdue, but would cause the
loss of the hearts of my people.' Rome will probably
fall, -and the Pope may again enter the Eternal City,
but he will never reign over the hearts or the Romans."

APPLICATION OF GUN-COTTON
TO THE SILVERING OF LOOKING-GLASSES.

M. H. Vohl has recently discovered that a solution
of gun cotton in a caustic alkaline ley, possesses in a
high degree the property of precipitating silver from
its solutions in the metallic form. If gun-cotton be
placed in contact with a caustic alkaline ley of suffi-
cient strength, the cotton dissolves in the
ley, with the disengagement of considerable heat,
and of ammonia, and furnishes a deep brown liquor,
sometimes rather thick ; which, on the addition of
an acid, gives rise to a brisk effervescence, with
disengagement of carbonic acid, and nitrous acid.
The manner in which the gun cotton comforts
itself in this case shows that this substance is not
dissolved as such, but undergoes a decomposition, in
which the atoms of the oxygen of the nitric acid com-
bine with an atom of the carbon of the cotton, and
give rise to the carbonic acid ; which, as well as the
nitrous acid, combines with a portion of the potash.
A new decomposition of the nitrous salt by the potash,
in presence of substances containing hydrogen, fur-
nishes the ammonia.

The most remarkable property of this alkaline
solution, is the following :—lf a few drops of nitrate
of silver be added to the solution, and enough
ammonia added, so that the oxyde of silver which
is formed, becomes redissolved, and heat gently
applied by means of a water bath, a moment arrives
when the liquid assumes a dark brown colour, show-
ing an effervescence, and all the silver is precipitated
on the sides of the wood containing the solution, as
a polished mirror. The mirror thus obtained sur-
passes considerably in brilliancy that which is pro-
duced by etherial oils, or ammoniacal aldehyde ; and
its ready production must give it an important place
in many useful practical applications.
It is not only the gun cotton which possesses this
property ; it is found that cane sugar, milk sugar,
mannite, gums, and other substances, which become
explosive when treated with nitric acid, &c., the same.
The picroazotic acid itself produces, under the same
circumstances, a bright metallic surface; and it would
appear that this reaction takes with all those bodies,
which, treated with nitric acid, do not furnish the-
products of oxidation ; but another series of bodies
which admit nitric acid as such into their constitu-
tion, and at the same time abandon an equivalent of
water.—Patent Journal.

MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT ON THE RIVER —An
accident, by which five persons nearly lost their lives,
and one life was lost, occurred upon the river
onSatur
Satur-
day afternoon last off the Archbishop of Canterbury's -
palace. It appears that five persons, named William
'
Fields, Edward Groves, Samuel Miller, Thomas Barnes,
and William Higgins, all in the employment of Messrs.
Price, the patent cocoa-nut candle manufacturers, at
Vauxhall, had been to witness a cricket match ptayed
by some of their fellow-workmen at Battersea, and, in
order to return home, they hired a four-oared boat, into
N$ hich they all got, and had rowed down the river on the
Middlesex side as far as the Horseferry-stairs, when
they turned the head of the vessel in the direction of
Lambeth, and were crossing the water, when the surf
caused by a passing steamer :struck the midships of the
boat and turned it over, precipitating the five persons
into the river. The numerous gersons passing along the
Bishop's-walk who witnessed the accident and saw the
young men plunging about in the water raised an alarm,
when several watermen put off in their boats and suc-
ceeded, after some time, in getting the four firstuamed
out of the water, but Higgins was unfortunately
drowned. The deceased was a son of police-constable
Higgins, No. 99 L division, residing at No. 4, Catharine-
street, Vauxhall. The four persons taken out of
.the
water were immediately conveyed to the Wbite Lion
Tavern, where Mr. Jeffrey, surgeon, quickly attended,
and by unremitting attention the puor fellows were,
although at one time thought to be dead, perfectly re-
stored by five o'clock, and were
enabled to
be removed
to their own residences. The body of Higgins had not
been found at six o'clock last evening.
TRADE OF NOTTINGHAM.--The turn-out of the
wrought cotton hose hands is by no m
a few exceptions, the adverse parties seems ended; ru ogre with
deter-
mined than ever, whilst in Derbyshire it assumes
serious • aspect; several shops of fram'essunissa vae
been broken to deter persons from going to
-
work. The stockingers are decidedly of opinion
that the houses must eventually give way, for
want of goods, but the latter are equally confident as to
the result. The drawer, pantaloon, and shirt branch
(notwithstanding its extension in the villag(s) is in a
lair condition, the demand for these articles being
very extensive throughout the western world, and even
in Asia, though previous to the invention of fleecy
hosiery, about 1720, they were not known. Their
elasticity as well as strength makes them superior
to any other article used as underwear. The cotton
glove trade continues in a good condition, but as might
be expected at this season, there is a falling off in silk
gloves, especially in Derbyshire; the hosiers give out
material with a sparing hand to independent frames,
not being their own property. The silk knotted branch
is in a tolerably fair state, the frames bring !Tett), well
employed. The plain silk hose branch is in a most de.
pressed condition.
Politeness is the shadow of civilization. Christianity
is the substance,—Eliza Cook's Journal.

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN

HADERSLEB EN, JUNE 26.—Everything is appa-
rently in statu quo at Fredericia, but the general
impression is that hostilities will be commenced
in the course of a few days. The northern
army has now established its head-quarters at Aar-
huus. The Imperial troops have advanced two
leagues and a half further southward, but it seems
to be dubious whether or not Randus has yet
been occupied by the Prussian corps. It is true
that on the 21st they were already confronting the
enemy's troops, and a general engagement was ex-
pected, when orders were suddenly given to
halt. The right wing of the Prussians remained
standing, the Danes on the right fell back
upon the peninsula of Helgenus, while the centre,
composed of Bavarians, made a forward movement.
Not a shot was fired on either side.

Reports of an approaching armistice, and of the
amicable solution of the pending negotiations, are in
continual circulation, but they are reports only,
and nothing definite or decisive appears to be yet
determined upon. The large demands made on both
sides, not only relative to the-main question—that of
the future relation of the Duchies to Denmark, but
to the blcckade expenses and the expenses of the war
under this long-contested question, are extremely
difficult to settle. The appearance of the gross of
the Russian fleet will doubtless have some weight;
as yet only a few isolated frigates and other Russian
vessels have appeared in sight.—Hamburgh Papers.

THE INSURRECTION IN BADEN
The Grand Duke of Baden was expected at Darm-
stadt on the 26th ult.

The state of siege in which the province of Slarken-
burg had been placed is removed by order of the
Minister, not a single instance having occurred there
in which martial law was applied.
The Mayence Gazette states the capitulation of
Rastadt is certain—but the Cologne Gazette of the
30th says :—" That the steamer which has just arrived
from Mayence brought no intelligence of the oc•
cupation of that fortress by the Russian troops,
but stated that the fortress had been allowed
three days to capitulate. Private letters assert that
Rastadt has been taken, and that Mieroslawski, fol-
lowed by the insurgent army, bas retired beyond the
Murg. He did not wish to weaken his forces by di-
viding his army, which he must otherwise necessarily
have done, and therefore was obliged to stake the
fortress.
The .Karlsruhe Journal, of the 28th ult., says no.
thing of the surrender of Rastadt.

POLYTE
During wNelLekG, atlirsTeistTabUlishTmie?t,ND. Dr.
Bachhoffner has been engaged in delivering a lecture
on the various methods of producing artificial ice,
which can be employed in cooling wine, &c. The
production of cold, artificially, depends in all cases
upon one great principle, viz., that when bodies
pass from the solid to the fluid, or from the
fluid to the gaseous condition, they require an
increased amount of heat to enable them to exist in
their new form ; to produce cold, then, we merely
have to bring together such bodies as can be made to
pass rapidly from one state to the other, in so doing
they rob surrounding bodies of the heat which they
contain, and produce the desired effect if we place
those bodies we desire to cool in connexion with
them. It will be seen from this that it is necessary
to employ vessels adapted to each particular case, and
for this purpose the patent arrangements of Mr.
Masters stand alone. Many of them were exhi-
bited on the lecture table, and appeared at once
simple, economical, and elegant. It is worthy
of remark that by this contrivance a bottle of
wine may be iced in a few seconds at a very
trifling cost. Amongst the many interesting experi-
ments by the Learned Doctor during his lecture was
an illustration of the extraordinary fact discovered by
Doctor Bontyony, viz., that water may be frozen in
a red-hot vessel, if we merely follow out the prin-
ciples before alluded to. The lecture was extremely
well attended by a most respectable audience, who
appeared highly gratified by the simple and pleasing
manner with which the Professor treated his subject.

DEPARTURES AND ALTERATIONS OF
THE FOREIGN AND COLONIAL MAILS
FOR JULY.
The following are the dates on which the foreign and
colonial mails will be made up at the General Post•office,
St. Martin's-le-Grand, during the ensuing month of
July, and when the return packets will be due at
Southampton, Liverpool, and Falmouth :
West Indies, &c.—For the British and foreign colonies
in the West Indies (except Honduras, Nassau, Bermuda,
and Havannah), Venezuela and Jacmel on the morning
of the 2d and 17th, Bermuda, Nassau, New Orleans,
Mexico, Honduras, and llavannab, on the morning of
the 2d only; Madeira, Grey Town (San Juan de Nica-
ragua), New Grenada, Chili, and Peru, on the morn-
ing of the 17th only. The Trent steamer for the mails
of the 2d, via Southampton; next packets due on the 7th ,
and 22d.
Madeira, Brazil, and Buenos Ayres, on the evening of
the 4th, by her Majesty's brig Penguin, from Falmouth,
due; her Majesty's brig Crane (over due); her Ma-
jesty's brig Linnet, due on the 25th at Falmouth.
(From August to January inclusive the packet touches
at Pernambuco and Bahia, on her outward pasi.age to
Rio Janeiro, and the other six months on her home-
ward.)
United States, &c.—For British North America and
the United States on the evening of the 6th, by the Ca-
ledonia steamer, via Liverpool, Halifax, and Boston; on
the evening of the 13th to New York by the Europa
steamer; on the evening of the 20th to Boston by the
Cambria steamer; and on the evening of the 27tb, to
New York by the America steamer. Next packets due
at Liverpool—the Europa, on the 4th from Boston; the
Cambria on the 12th from New York; the America, on
the 18th from Boston, and the Hibernia steamer, on the
26th from New York. (The branch packets for New- '
foundland will be dispatched from Halifax on the arrival
at the latter port of the homeward packet from Boston,
and the branch packet for Bermuda will be dispatched
from Halifax on the arrival at that port of the outward
packet for Boston.)
Mediterranean, India, &c.—For the Mediterranean,
Malta, Egypt, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China on
the evenings of the 7th and 24th (Mauritius on the 24th)
by the fortnightly overland closed mails via Marseilles,
due on the 23d; Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian
Islands, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, Mauritius, India, and
China on the morning of the 20th, by the Oriental
Steam Company's packet from Southampton due on the
28th at Southampton.
Peninsula, &c.—Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, via
Lisbon, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, oa the mornings of the
7th, 17th, and 27th, by the Peninsular Steam Com-
pany's packets from Southampton. Next packets due
on the sth, 15th,and 25th, at Southampton.
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Van Diemen's
Land, and New Z,aland, by ship fetter-bags, which will
be forwarded by vessels sailing from London and other
ports of the United Kingdom; Newspapers to these eo•
lorries must be prepaid one penny each, or they will not
be forwarded by these bags.
France, &c.—Twice daily—morning and evening (Sun-
days excepted), by her Majesty's mail steam-packets, via
Dover and Calais, due daily.
Belgium, &c. (and countries through Belgium, Prussia,
and Germany, Hamburgh, Turkey, Moldavia, Walla-
chia, Servia, &c.)—Every evening (except Sunday), by
her Majesty's steam packets via Dover and Ostend; due
daily.

Liamburgh, &c.—Tuesday and Friday evenings; due
Tuesdays and Saturdays.
Holland, &c.—Wednesday and Saturday mornings;
due Mondays and Thursdays, by the General Steam
Navigation G'onipany's packets, via the Thames.
Sierra Leone, &c.—Mails will be made up on Monday
evening, the 2d of July, for Madeira, San Nicholas (Cape
Verd Islands), Sierra Leone, and the island of Ascension,
to be forwarded by her Kijesty's ship Ranger, ap
pointed to sail from Davonport on the evening of tho 3J.
Letters to Madeira and Cape Verd, is. 101 per half
ounce; newspapers, 2J. each, which must be prepaid.
Sierra Leone and Ascension—Letters, is.; newspapers,
i free.

THE TOXOPHOLITE BALL.—The annual ball of
this long-established archery society, of which the Earl
of Aylesford, is president, took place on Friday night, at
the Archer's Lodge, Regent's Park. The grounds at-
tached to that charming little retreat were brilliantly
illuminated by thousands of variegated lamps, and the
avenues which approach the mansion were lighted by
coloured lamps. In front of the lawn, the ordinary prac-
tice ground, a very superb temporary saloon was erected
for dancing, the walls being relieved with coloured dra-
peries. The archer's hall, which communicated with
the ball room, was tastefully lighted by wax candles
arranged in semicircles round the apartment, and among
the conspicuous objects of attention were the numerous
silver trophies belonging to the members of the society.
Another temporary saloon had been erected and hand-
somely decorated, in which refreshments of the choicest
description and a sumptuous supper were supplied under
the admirable superintendence of Bridgeman, of Wig-
more-street. Dancing commenced shortly after 11, and
was maintained with unabated spirit until after four
o'clock on Saturday morning—Jullien's band being en-
gaged for the fête. Above. 500 members and friends
were present on the occasion.
A reviewedß D.
Spanish
pelsaSat et Pd:
is
aroTor atPheEtaat AND
th when
e TEt
standardh e TP:ofNp
DeCastile, according to an
old custom in the Spanish army, was laid pen at the
feet of his Holiness, who, ignorant of what was required
of him in return, asked the Bishop of Caerc what he
was do. That prelate replied that the Sovereign
King of kings,
rtehaeabuanponnerith,aidit
with
been Pontiff being considered God's Vicar on earth, or as the
that he might
in
going through this cs,remony, and sAfter order.
the ti oop-,
the Bishop of Cuencl knelt, 'and made"g
ing petition most Holy Father, let himee
worthy of receiving a boon from you, whichn *s°l)t I am
that you
give me the shoes you wear, becauie, after which
the standard of Castile, they cannot touch tang.upbon
Spanish ground." Another pair of shoes, providedl )1)1;
the bishop, were then brought, and Pius presented his to
that dignitary, who doubtless has thus secured to himself
a cardinal's hat.

We gain as much in avoiding the failings of others,
as we do in imitating that in which they excel.—Eliza
Cook's Journal.

Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening from the
Colonial-office, for the Governor of the Mauritius.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT,

HOUSE OF LORDS, July 2.

Their Lordships assembled at Five o'clock.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY presented a peti
tion from Newcastle against any alteration in the Afar•
riage Act.