The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-04 00:00:00

XO, 17,793.] LONDON, THURSDAY
suc,- 7 OCTOBER 4, 1849.

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CLIFTON.
(From the Bristol Gastte.)
The memorials from the inhabitants of the parish
of Clifton to the Poor-law Commissioners and the
Board of Health, the former praying that the name
of the Clifton Union, may be changed, and the latter
that the districts in which cases of cholera occur may
be specified in the returns, have been numerously
signed. On Tuesday W. H. Gore Langton, Esq.,
proceeded with them to London, where he expected
to be joined by our city Members in presenting these
documents to the authorities to whom they are ad-
dressed. The memorial to the Poor law Commis-
sioners we published last week. The following is the
one addressed to the Board of Health :
" TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE GENERAL BOARD
OF HEALTH,
" The Memorial of certain inhabitants of the parish of
Clifton, in the Borough of the City of Bristol, asso-
ciated together under the name of Clifton Improve-
ment Association.'
" Slieweth,—That in the publication of the returns
from time to rime of deaths from cholera and diarrhm',
reported to your Honourable Board, a very large number
is made to appear as having occurred in Clifton, to the
serious detriment of its inhabitants.

"That a public meeting of the inhabitants of the parish
of Clifton was held on the 20th of September, inst.,
the Mayor of Bristol presiding, for the purpose of adopt-
ing measures to correct the erroneous statements thus
circulated with regard to the Sanitary condition of Clif-
ton, at which meeting a resolution was unanimously
adopted, to present a memorial to the Poor-law Board,
respectfully requesting that the name of the Clifton
Union might be changed, whereby the reports oF the
sanitary state of the whole district might no longer
unjustly appear under the head of Clifton only.
"That under the provisions of tho Poor-law, the fol-
lowing twelve parishes, namely, Clifton, Westbury-upon-
Trym, Heubury, Compton Greenfield, Winterbourne,
Horfield, Stoke Gifford, Stapleton, Saint George, Saint
Philip and Jacob (out) and Saint James and Saint Paul's
(out), containing together according to the census of
1841, a population of 64,231 persons, and an area of
27,189 acres have been united under the name of ' The
Clifton Union.'

" That the above-mentioned parishes of Stapleton,
Saint Philip and Jacob,
as
I) Saint:na Ipopulation
1 stoarlme
roe
ast
Saint George,
awl Saint Paul, containing in 16,11,
parishes, appear f from
35,740, are those in which all the deaths
returnse
o theseofpatrhieshersegiiss tdriasrtsanotf
ntehacrsi
and diarrhoea for the most part have occurred, as may
eachthe
four miles from Clifton,, t-1 .RAin I
- -..-. ... .- .--..lR.t*Teui Ithourable
Board, except on two occasions, all the deaths from the
above-mentioned causes that have occurred in any of the
parishes forming the Clifton Union, are stated to have
occurred in ' Clifton,' without the addition of the word
' Union' or any other description to designate that such
deaths have occurred elsewhere, than in the parish of
Clifton itself.
" That the number of deaths from cholera and
diarrhoea which have been reported to the registrar of
Clifton, as having occurred within his district, from the
9th of July last to the present time have been twelve
only, and of these twelve cases it is known that only
eight were actually cholera. With one exception,
and that on the 6th of August, all these cases occurred
in the Poor District of the Hotwells, and not in Upper
Clifton.
" That the number of deaths in Clifton which have
actually occurred in the quarter just ended, including
the above-mentioned twelve cases reported as cholera,
is considerably below the average—from this it is evi
dent that the health of the inhabitants of the parish
has been during the summer and is still exceedingly
good.
" That Clifton, in consequence of the beauty of its
scenery and peculiar lccal advantages, is a place of
great public resort, and is highly recommended to in-
valids by Sir James Clark, and other medical practi-
tioners of celebrity, on account of the salubrity of its
climate.
" That the returns of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea
which have lately been published by your Honourable
Board, as having occurred at Clifton, have not only de-
terred many families and persons from resorting to the
place, but have so much alarmed many persons as to
cause them to flee from it, to the very serious injury of
the tradesmen, lodging-house keepers, and persons pos
sessing property in the parish, and that, as appears by
the facts above-mentioned, without any just reason, in-
asmuch as instead of being a place to be shunned, it
should be, in consequence of its comparative immunity
from the prevailing epidemic, one of attraction.
" That a memorial to the above-mentioned effect, re-
spectably signed, has been presented to the Poor-law
Board, in pursuance of the resolution of the public meet-
ing already referred to.
" That at the same meeting it was also unanimously
resolved, that the Committee of the Clifton Improve-
ment Association, be instructed to memorialize your
Honourable Board, to publish the returns in such a
form as shall indicate the parish in which the cases of
cholera may occur.
" Your memorialists therefore humbly pray that your
Honourable Board will bo pleased, in making your
returns of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea, which
may in future occur in any of the parishes forming the
Clifton Union, to distinguish the parish of Clifton from
the Union which goes by its name, thus, ' Clifton, none,'
or otherwise as the case may be, and ' Clifton Union' so
many, whereby this parish may no longer be erroneously
and unjustly stigmatized, nor its inhabitants and the
owners of property therein serionsly injured, as they
have hitherto been.
" Your memorialists are encouraged to hope your
Honourable Board will comply with their request, by
the fact of your having adopted a similar distinction
with regard to other districts, and twice a partial
hough incomplete one with respect to the Clifton Uni)n,
"(Signed) Wie. HENRY GORE LANGTON,
" Chairman of the Committee of the Clifton
Improvement Association.
"Clifton, 29th September, 1849."

SCOTCh RECONCILIATION.—A Scotchman, who
was supposed to be at the point of death, sent for a
neighbour with whom he was in feud, in order that he
might depart in peace with all mankind. The recon-
ciliation was effected, and the visitor was about to de-
part, when the dying man called out, " Noo, Sandie,
man, if I dinna dee atter a', its just to be atween us twa
as it were afore."
MURDER. AT RESTON.—The eastern district of
Bsrwiekshire has this week been startled by a most
atrocious and deliberate murder. On Monday morning
the body of a man, named Walter Linn, was discovered
in a field in the neighbourhood of Reston, a village be-
tween eleven and twelve miles from Berwick, and situ-
ated on the line of the North British Railway. From
a wound upon his head it was discovered that he had
met his death by violent means. A sum of money which
he was supposed to have on his person seems to have
led to the commission of the deed, and immediately on
the discovery of the body general suspicion was directed
to a man named ISl‘Quee, who was accordingly appre-
hended and lodged in Dunse Gaol. Tho particulars of
the case aro as follows:—Walter Linn, the man who
has been murdered, is an Irishman, about 26 or 28
years of age, and came to reside in Reston four years
having obtained employment on the railway line
which was then in course of construction. He formed
an intimate acquaintance with William M'Quee, also an
Irishman, to whose sister ho was said to be paying his
addresses. They were seen together at Chirnside, and
they were also seen in company returning towards Res-
ton, by two persons at different places. M'Quee returned
home about eight o'clock. Nothing was seen of Linn
till next morning, when Messrs. Sinclair, butchers, at
Ay ton, went to a field near Reston-hill, the property of
Mr. Bishop, to exarniao some sheep grazing there. They
reached this field at a quarter before eleven, and in a
ditch they discovered the body of the unfortunate victim.
As we have already mentioned, suspicion immediately
fell on William M'Quee. The police on the railway
line found, on inquiry, that he had that morning gone
by the train to Dunse. He returned home on foot, and
on entering Reston, about one o'clock, was taken into
custody.—Berwick Advertiser

THE WRONGS OF HUNGARY.
The following document has been issued by the
London Hungarian Committee :-
1. Hungary is an ancient constitutional monarchy
which used to elect its Kings. Every new King was
solemnly crowned with the crown of St. Stephen,
after taking the coronation oath on Hungarian soil,
in which be swore to uphold the Constitution. In
the year 1687 the royalty was made hereditary in the
family of Hapsburg; but, so far was Hungary from
becoming a province of Austria, to this year not a
single Austrian has been allowed to hold office in the
Hungarian kingdom. An Austrian is a foreigner in
Hungarian law and practice.
2. The Kings of the House of Hapsburg have,
notwithstanding, made various attempts to overthrow
the liberties of Hungary. After repeated attempts
to fuse Hungary into Austria, and repeated insur-
rections, a long struggle begun by Leopold I. was
ended in 1711 by Joseph 1., who was constrained to
confirm the old constitution. Again, by the efforts of
Joseph 11. to enforce the German language, and
suppress the municipalities, a revolt was kindled,
which his successor Leopold 11. finally pacified (in
1790) only by withdrawing all his brother's innova-
tions, and by making a peculiarly distinct avowal,
that (Art. 10) " Hungary with her appaaages is a
free kingdom, and in regard to her whol3 legal form
of Government (including all the tribunals) inde-
pendent; that is, entangled with no other kingdom or
people; but having her own_ peculiar consistence and
constitution, accordingly to be governed by her
legitimately crowned king after her peculiar laws
and customs." Nevertheless Francis I. dared to
violate his coronation oath by not assembling the
Diet from 1811 to 1825. At last he was compelled to
give way by the passive resistance to all government.
From that year on ward the Hungarians have struggled
successfully for internal reforms by constitutional
methods, though perpetually thwarted by the bigotry,
ignorance, and perverse ambition of the Austrian
Cabinet or Crown. _ _ .

3. The internal reforms which they desired were
chiefly the following-:—To remove or lessen the dis-
tinction between the privileged and uprivileged
classes ; and improve the principles of taxation and
the tenure of land. Next, to extend perfect tolera-
tion of religious creed to all. The high Magyar no-
bility are generally Roman Catholics; yet they have
been as willing to concede toleration as the lower
nobility and middle classes, who are generally Pro-
testants. Thirdly, to establish free trade with all
nations. For the Austrian Cabinet choose to confine
this great country to Austria for its market, while
treating Hungarian produce as foreign. Fourthly,
to maintain a free press, and the right especially of
publishing the debates and proceedings of the Diet.
Fifthly, in general to develope the great resources of
Hungary by all sorts of material improvement in
agriculture, in roads, in bridges. To this of late has
been r dded a struggle for general education.
4. One mode of resistance applied by Austria,
was to extinguish Parliamentary Bills by the veto of
the Crown ; the fear of which paralyzed the Upper
House—a body always naturally disposed to lean to
Austria. Against this the Hungarians had no ade-
quate constitutional weapon to use, since the Austrian
Cabinet was not responsible to the Hungarian Diet.
The often repeated legal declaration of their indepen-
dence, and in particular the distinct compact of Leo-
pold 11., in 1790-91, justified them in desiring, by
peaceful and constitutional means, to attain an inde-
pendent Ministry directly responsible to their own
Parliament.

5. Such a Ministry had long been talked of and
claimed in the Diet. In fact the Conservative party
and the opposition had differed little as to the objects
atowhich they aimed, but chiefly as to the vehemence
with which they should press them; the Conservatives
pleading to " give time" to the Austrian Cabinet.
But in March, 1848, the Conservative, as a separate
vote,tihnfroa
totphmpe
thetsfhi foreign
ein
constitution
roeeit
g.
enr alli
possessionsos su
ot hf
imachinations
ioucarriedfngtha a
eor
Crown,
couldy
rh
oue
wn Austrianni ms o unanimous
never
s
party, vanished, by the great mass of them acceding
to the
hiesallilfle.edeet, until constitutional government was estab-
to restore the legal status of the period at which the
Diet freely conferred the royalty on the House of
Hapsburg, Ibie eeetaaea—a--e:2 aea
ix
National Guard were enacted. The Hungarian Diet
immediately claimed for itself also a responsible
Ministry. This was granted without delay, and
Count Louis Batthyany was made premier. But on
the very same day, March 15, Jellachich was ap-
pointed Ban of Croatia. In a letter to Vienna,
dated March 24, 1848, the Archduke Stephen, viceroy
of llungary, is found to have suggested three modes
of destroying the Hungarian Constitution ; either to
excite the peasants against the nobles, as in Gallicia,
and stand by while the parties slaughter each other ;
or, to tamper with Battbyany's honesty ; or to invade
and overpower Hungary by military force. A tran-
script of this letter in the Archduke's handwriting,
was afterwards found among his papers when he fled
from Pesth, and was officially published with all the
necessary verifications. The Austrians have not
dared to disown it.
Before March ended, a deputation of all the leading
members of both houses from Hungary appeared in
Vienna, carrying to the King their unanimons claim
that he would consent to various bills. In these, the
greatest constitutional change was the restoration of
the old union between the Diets of Hungary and of
Transylvania. But socially the most important laws
were the equalising of all classes and creeds, and the
noble enactment which converted the peasant into
freeholders of the soil, quit of all the old feudal
burdens. This Bill had passed both the Houses by
Feb. 4, 1848, before the French revolution had broken
out ; so little had that great event to do with the re-
forming efforts of the Hungarians. The Austrian
Cabinet, seeing their overwhelming unanimity, felt
that resistance was impossible. Accordingly Fer-
dinand proceeded with the Court to Presburg, and
ratified the laws by oath. This is the reform of
April 11, 1848, which all patriotic Hungarians fondly
looked upon as their charter of constitutional rightg,
opening to them the promise of a career in which
they should emulate Great Britain, as a pattern o
united, legal, tolerant, free, and loyal country.
6. Croatia is a province of the Hungarian crown ;
and there Jellachich, as Governor, openly
organised
revolt against Hungary, by military terroism, and by
promising Slavonic supremacy. On Batthyany's
urgency, King Ferdinand declared Jellachich a rebel,
and exhorted the Diet to raise an army against him
but always avoided finally to sanction their bills.
Meanwhile Itadetzky defeated Charles Albert.
Jellachich dropped the mask of Chroatianism, and
announced to Batthyany that there should be no
peace, until a Ministry at Vienna ruled over
Hungary. In September, as the King would
neither allow troops to be raised in Hungary, nor
the Hungarian regiments to be recalled from Italy
for home defence, a Hungarian deputation was sent
to the Austrian Diet; but it was denied admittance
by aid of the Slavonic party. To catch stray. votes
(it seems), Latour, Austrian Minister at War, in the
Diet, Sept. 2, solemnly disavowed any connexion
with Jellachich's movement; yet on Sept. 4 a royal
odinance (officially published in Croatia only), rein-
stated Jellachich in all his dignities, who soon after-
wards crossed the Drave to invade Hungary, with a
well-appointed army 66,000 strong. As he openly
showed the King's commission, Batthyany resigned,
Sept. 9, since he did not know how to act by the
King's command against the King's com nd
ma. No
successor was appointed; and the Hungarian Diet
had no choice but to form a committee of safety. To
embarrass them in this, the King re-opened negotia-
tion with Batthyany Sept. 14, but still eluded any
practical result by refusing to put down Jellachich.
Meanwhile, Dec. 16 dispatches were intercepted, in
which Jellachich thanked Latour for supplies of mo-
ney and material of war. The Hungarian Diet
published them officially, and distributed them by
thousands. But Hungary was still unarmed, and
Jellachich was burning, plundering, slaughtering.
Sept. 25 Lemberg was sent to Pesth, in the illegal
character of Imperial Commissary of Hungary, but was
immediately murdered by the rage of the populace.
Masses of volunteers were assembled by the eloquence
of Kossuth, which, with the aid of only 3,000 regular
troops, met and repulsed Jellachich at Sukoro, Sept.
29, and chased him out of their country. But Latour
was far too deep in guilt to recede. A royal rescript
of October 8 dissolved the Hungarian Diet, forbade
all municipal action, superseded the judicial tribunals,
declared Hungary under martial law, and appointed
Jellachich civil and military governor of that country,
with discretionary power of life and death, and an
expressly unlimited despotism. It likewise distinctly
announced the determination of the Crown to incor-
porate Hungary into Austria. Troops from Vienna
were publicly ordered by Latour (Oct. 6) to march
against the llungarians. This order, coupled with
alarm inspired by the approach of Jellachich (whose
defeat was kept secret), led to the emeute in Vienna,
in which Latour was murdered, a murder which was
made a pretext for bombarding Vienna, and destroy-
ing the newly sanctioned constitution. Windisch-
grata, the agent in this work, joined his forces to
those of Auersperg, who meanwhile bad
shelt
Jellachich.
At
deposing all this
isinthe
theH generalsungaria were so inyifeurroiatrAte
keedhvael
after ,

traitorously to have allowed Jellachich to escape),
with inferior artillery, and with forces not half of the
Austrians, who were 75,000 strong besides their re-
serves, they fought and lost the battle of Schwechat,
October 30. This was the first and last battle fought
by the Hungarians on Austrian soil, fought only
against those who were protecting a ruthless enemy,
who had desolated Hungary by countless outrage s :
yet this is trumpeted by the Austrians as Hungarian
aggression. Jellachich (November 2) entered
Vienna in triumph, and was entrusted with a great
army in the course of the whole war that followed.
It is then impossible to doubt that the Austrians had
supplied him with arms, money and authority from
the beginning, and that they began this bloody war
by combined violence and treachery, while Hungary
was in profound peace.
7. The Cabinet now tried to obtain from Ferdinand
a direct permission to carry into detail the rescript of
October 3, and seize Hungary by right bf conquest.
But as Ferdinand began to be troubled with religious
scruples, they resolved to depose him, and put his
nephew on the throne—a youth of eighteen, edu-
cated by the Jesuits, and accustomed to obey his mo-
ther the Archduchess Sophia, who was so identified
by the Viennese with the Cabinet as to be called the
Lady Camarilla.
By intrigue of some sort they induced the half-
witted Emperor to sign the Act for his own abdication,
and at once seated Francis Joseph in his place, who,
not having taken_ the coronation oath, might be as-
sured by his shas he ....urea no wrong in
invading the laws and constitution of Hungary. An
Austrian army marched into the country, and in the
course of January and February overran and occu-
pied it as far as the Theiss eastward and as high as
the Marosch northward ; the Russians meanwhile pe-
netrated into Transylvania. Thu usurpation of
the Archduchess and ,Cabinet seemed to have
triumphed.
8. On March 4th, 1849, Count Stadion published
his new constitution for fusing down Hungary into a
part of the Austrian empire. If previously Hun-
gary had been under Russian despotism, this consti-
tution would have seemed highly liberal ; and
from an Austrian point of view, such it was ;
but to the Hungarians it was an intolerable
slavery. First, it virtually annihilated their
municipalities, and subjected their police to
Vienna. Next, it would have called the Austrian
Cabinet to put in Austrian civil and military officers
everywhere in Hungary—an innovation as odious to
the Hungarians, as would 'French police magistrates,
excisemen, overseers, colonels and lord-lieutenants,
be to the English nation. Thirdly, it swamped their
parliament among a host of foreigners, ignorant of
Hungary and its wants, and incapable of legislating
well for it. Fourthly, it was enacted without the
pretence of law, by the mere stroke of Count Sta-
dion's pen. If the Hungarian constitution, fourteen
times solemnly sworn to by kings of the House of
Hapsburg, was to be thus violated, what possible
security could the nation have for this new-fangled
constitution of Stadion, if it were ever so good in
itself ? If they admitted such a right in the Austrian
crown, in six months a new ordinance might reduce
them under a pure despotism. In the face of wrong
so intense, it is not worth while to name secondary
grivances ; but it was most bitterly felt that such was
the reward of the constant loyalty of Hungary to the
House of Hapsburg, and such the sequel of that so-
lemn act by which Ferdinand had so happily ratified
their recent glorious reforms
On reviewing the constitutional question, it was
clear to the Hungarians, first, that Ferdinand had no
legal power to abdicate without leave of the Diet,
which leave it was impossible to grant, since, in the
course of nature, Ferdinand might yet have direct
heirs ; secondly, that if he became incapacitated, it
was the right of the Diet to appoint a regent ; thirdly,
that if Ferdinand had died, Francis Joseph was not
the heir of the Hungarian crown, but his father,
Ferdinand's brother; fourthly, that allegiance is not
fully due to the true heir, until he has been crowned ;
fifthly, that if Francis Joseph had been ever so much
the true heir, and had been ever so lawfully crowned,
the ordinances would be a breach of his oath, essen-

tially null and void, and equivalent to a renunciation
of his compact with the peoige_:_sixthie hbith ova., _ko
3overelgn to grasp a despotism for itself ; while over
Hungary it had no more ostensible right than had
that of Prussia or France. All Hungary therefore
rose to resist, Slovachs and Magyars, Germans and
Wallachs, ;Catholics and Protestants, Greeks and
Jews, nobles, traders, and peasants, rich and poor,
Progressionists and Conservatives. Ferdinand was
still regarded as their legitimate, but unlawfully de-
posed King.
9. Between the Theiss and the Marosch, Kossuth
had organised the means of fabricating arms and
money ; and in the course of March and April a
series of tremendous battles took place, in which the
Austrians were some fifteen times defeated, and with-
out a single change of fortune their armies, 130,000
strong, were swept out of Hungary with immense
slaughter. Only certain fortresses remained in their
power, and those were sure to fall by mere lapse of
time. The Austrian Cabinet was desperate at losing
a game in which it had risked so much. Its more 1,
scrupulous members had retired, including Stadion
himself. Bloodier generals were brought forward,
and the intervention of Russia (long promised, and
ranted as early as February in Transylvania) was
publicly avowed. This act finally alienated from
Austria every patriotic Hungarian.
10. Upon the entrance of the Russians with the
consent of Francis Joseph, the Hungarian Parlia-
ment, on the 14th of April, after reciting the acts of
perfidy and atrocity by which the House of Haps-
burg had destroyed its compacts with the nation,
solemnly pronounced that house to have for ever
forfeited the crown. During the existing crisis Kos-
suth, according to constitutional precedent, was made
Governor of the country.
11. We all know how Hungary—deprived of her
ports, taken by surprise, isolated, and abandoned—
has been overwhelmed by the combined hosts of her
unscrupulous foes. But has England nothing to say
to this ?
For three centuries at least Hungary has been a
prominent member of the European family of nations.
Her constitutional union to the House of Hapsburg
has been a notorious public fact ; and in the Emperor
of Austria, as King of Hungary, Europe has long
seen a powerful barrier against Russian encroach-
ment. That Hungary is not Austria—that the Em-
peror of Austria has no right in Hungary except as
its constitutional king—is as public a fact in Europe
as that Hanover was never part of England. When
Hungary proclaimed to us that the Emperor of Aus-
tria was no longer her king—that she had found the
House of Hapsburg traitorous, and had legally deposed
it; and when the Hungarian nation had by a unani-
mous effort actually expelled her invaders, there was the
very same reason for eur acknowledging the indepen-
dence of Hungary, as we ever had for recognising
the Emperor of Austria as King of Hungary at all.
We have grievously neglected our duty by supine-
ness ; but the Emperor of Russia has perpetrated a
breach of international law, most cruel and dreadful ;
only less wicked than the outrage of Austria, because
it was not also treacherous and ungrateful. Indig-
nation and pity for the Hungarians is for a moment
swallowed up by admiration, when we contrast their
humane generosity towards prisoners of war with the
ferocious cruelty of the Austrians towards the armed
and unarmed of both sexes.
11. The English Crown is peculiarly affected by
these events;. because they destroy the confidence of
nations in the oaths of princes; especially considering
that Hungary was the only great community on the
continent, whose ancient liberties had not been vio-
lently and treacherously annihilated by its King. No
guarantees of right any longer exist, except those
which have been wrested out by popular violence, and
established on some doctrinaire basis. The aristoc-
racy of England are deeply concerned, when the only
remaining continental aristocracy possessed of consti-
tutional rights and taking the lead of a willing na-
tion, is remorselessly trampled under foot. Our com-
monalty is concerned, when deprived of commercial
intercourse with fourteen millions of agriculturists.
Our religious feelings are shocked, when Hun-
garian seal for universal toleration, is overridden
by the Romanist bigotry of Austria. Our liberties
are endangered by the spectacle of two sovereigns
tearing in pieces a noble nation from pure hatred of
its constitutionalism which nine centuries have not
made sacred in their eyes. The security of all Europe
is endangered by the virtual vassalage of Austria to
Russia, which this calamitous outra
for Austria is now so abhorred in Hunggstshiai! she
for
cannot keep her conquest except
be Ling; the Go-
Every one foresaw this from the g!
il as that of St.
vernment of Vienna knew it,
ausltwseof the conspiracy
Petersburgh. Such are the rte
tsheir Emperor, against
balance of ofifrmpolywetro
of an Austrian Cabinet agains
y against the newborn
his kingdom
:un—gary had a far
Until we seegethehas
13. What remains
declareas it was before October, 1848, re-established iii
gaunfnocfr aarEianginlastndthteo
Hungary we do not acknowledge your position •
in
better right to
her national existence and independ
liinbeE ruti
re
os
tpoeo
Lombardy;f AVufistnrronifHas
endence, thin you to
rig empire oyel the foreig4 Lorabauti?»
Constitutione n taai ese;

A military tyrant may at any moment commit an
act of rapine with summary speed ; sage and mode-
rate bystanders need time to learn and judge of the
case. If we extend the doctrine of faits accomplis to
the high-handed crime under which Hungary still
lies bleeding, we proclaim impunity and recognition
to every unprincipled marauder.

STATE OF HUNGARY.
Acs, IN FRONT OF COMORN, SEPT. 21.—The
weather has cleared up beautifully, and I can now
give you some idea of the position and environs of
this most formidable fortress. First of all, cast your
eye on the map of Hungary, and observe how the
greater Danube from Presburg to Comorn runs in
an easterly direction, with a slight inclination to
the south, while the smaller arm of the Danube
below Presburg, diverging to the left, forms the
island of Schutt. At right angles with the Danube
the Wang comes from the Carpathians, that is to
say, from the north to the south, but before its
junction with the Great Danube it falls into the
Little Danube, to the north of the island of Schutt,
and both conjointly flow into the Great Danube,
under the walls of Cotnorn. The fortress which the
united Austrian and Russian forces are now block-
ading is situated on the eastern tip of the island of
Schutt, on ground which is in the form of the
head of a fish when drawn on paper, or an acute
raln!l:,b:ne.soitterofby'abtiheeb
uisritfeodrini.vtabgy
and
de
Little
Danube ; while the base of the triangle is a
very strong line of fortifications carried right across
from one river to the other. The only side, therefore,
on which Comorn can be entered by storm is from
the island of Schutt, for at the other sides are the
rivers. At the very tip, or apex, of the triangle is the
citadel ; further west, where the Wand of Schutt is
broader, is the town ; while between the town and the
sooefuc ttuehrrei
tfylo,.rzt
oi fioTc
Two
eo
nnbs
dah
gri mt
es theheaedngo
cvr
ros ononen
twpwhich
caitapdoerltioonn
possess graze in
the north across the Waag with the tete-de-pont on
the left bank of that river, and on the south with
another tete-de-pont on the right bank of the Danube.
These totes-de pont are not mere fieldworks, but are
of masonry, with a central fort in each, and sur-
rounded by bastions. To open trenches from the
island of Schutt is difficult, on account of the marshy
ground in front of the so-called Palatinal fortifications;
and even the possession of the totes de pont still leaves
the breadth of the Danube and the Waag between the
besiegers and the defenders. Even these out-
works would be very difficult to take, for
outside the one, over the Great Danube, is a fortified
camp on two hills, one called the Sandberg, the
other the Schwarzberg, which the Imperialists at-
tempted to take from Georgey in July, not only
without success, but with the loss of so many men
that in some places the dead had scarcely room to fall
without being on the top of each other. This was
commonly called the battle of Acs, the bloodiest in
the whole war, in consequence of the very strong
position that Georgey held, with Comorn at his back
to retreat to in case of a reverse. As I stated in my
last, 5,000 Hungarians at this moment occupy the
intrenched camp that crowns these heights. Two
islands, one in the Great Danube, and another in the
Waage are also occupied by the Hungarians, which
places at their disposition a considerable amount of
meadow land for the pasture of their oxen, in addition
to the "Meadow of the Gypsies," as it is called,
within the fortifications on the island of Schutt.

lrouowfili,
atnhteur
ae foisree,geuaasillytouintecrosmtaonrdillaast
aCoemenotrrne
is
Austrianb ey ond
monarchy, all
defensive fortress of the
ca-
pacity
ve
within Now, operations,
ai nn
Comorn
to
ioml
rl
nub crthehaeikni
noorvueets formidable
agmniyd circleadbilree
direction
and
t
housettbota
hholfe
ete although
invest.t offensive
ouencirngsnhc considerable,
choose,
waanaai
sdstn
ts difficultfhoroomcaswriting
ethine these
hAet
sustgta rukos take, ,
g; tl
leistste
dsooenpet
the
Klapkaoutotherletter,before
were to hanpen now t`
come, to t nounng incon-
venience which the stoppage of the navigation of the
Danube occasions, for it is the great artery of this
country.
In spite of all this the position of the besieged is a
desperate one. Like Mantua, Comorn is one of the
most unhealthy towns in Hungary, and those very
swamps that render it so difficult of access to a
besieging force are terrible allies by the slower
process of disease. By authentic accounts the sick in
the hospitals of Comorn amount to 5,000 souls, and
in spite of their large present supply of bread and
butchers' meat the consumption of 40,000 mouths a
day is making rapid inroads on it, and the certainty
of nothing turning up to enable them to hold on has
demoralized them. But Comorn having become the
last receptacle of.the desperate Ultras, Klapka, who is
disposed to surrender immediately, has been repeatedly
threatened. The armistice has been prolonged till 12
o'clock this day, and at this m'ment, while the clock
of the village of Acs is striking 11, the negotiators
are with General Nugent in discussion, so that I hope
by post hour to let you know the result, for if the
surrender is to take place, the good news will not
fail to prove acceptable to everybody, and I am sure
to none more so than General Nugent himself, who
is too old and too brave a soldier not to deplore every
life that may be uselessly lost in a civil war. ThEte
can be no doubt that if they surrender uncondition-
ally, no executions for high treason will take place ;
at the same time I think it highly unreasonable that
they should make (as they are doing) the compensa-
tion for the bank-notes they have been printing at
such a rate one of the conditions of surrender, as well '
as payment in good Austrian bank-notes or specie for
the paper they have expended for the new works laid
out in enabling them to keep the King of Hungary
out of the fortress, which was built
.by Austrian
money, and furnished with those immense Imperial
stores at the expense of the Austrian war chest which
enabled the scot free Magyar nobles to give the uni-
ted monarchy such a tremendous shake. I do not
blame them for asking the best terms they can get,
hut it puts one a little in mind of the Albanian, who
takes the run of a Bulgarian larder, and then with a
cocked pistol demands a recompense for the wear and
tear of his teeth.
These negotiators, whom I saw after the bandages
were taken off their eyes, are certainly noble, warlike-
looking fellows, dressed in dark blue surtouts, with
crimson silk thick cords braided on their breasts,
hussar fashion, and fur calpaks. Their names are
unknown to fame, the principal one of them being a
colonel. Klapka, who commands in Comorn, is not
a Magyar, but a Bohemian, and was an Imperialist
Lieutenant in the Archduke Stephen's regiment of
cavalry.
Last night being moonlight, I took a turn through
the camp, all the country around, as seen from any
rising ground, being a great semicircle of fires,
stretching round Uj Szony, opposite Comorn from
the Danube round to the Danube again; so that it
puts one in mind of the blast furnaces in the environs
of Birmingham ; and this morning Comorn itself looks
bright and beautiful from the outside, its white spires
seen in the broad sunshine against the clear blue sky.
All nature smiles, and it is difficult to associate its
walls with such an amount of suffering as now exists
within and without their precincts.
Wherever we ride or drive we are struck with the
fat black garden loam, which could bear crop after
crop of wheat without manure and little cultivation,
and cannot help wishing the dawn of a more favourable
pacific period for this noble land. The village of
Acs itself, so renowned in the military history of
Hungary, straggles on a slight eminence, one side of
it being the fatal bog into which the Magyar sortie of
August drove the Imperialists, and the other a small
park attached to a hunting lodge of Prince Lichten-
stein,the-servantsnobleman has
neverat phreeasredn, t
the man y
writertenants
ot
hsoeufsreps!bhg;
esta-
here, and learned that the Prince had at'
and that the
blishment here for his race-horses'
up
the language
had I'
The helping 13°Ya The houses of the village
to hear a great deal of English spor
from the English gr :tc)ix.
d and are mostly thatched
are all whitewashed
street is a constant movement of
Up and down
the
of mud almost knee-deep glisten in
troops, and
squadron of cuirassiers slaps through them,
the an as a k
soerrya
waggons. All along the sides, on the dry ground,
are the stalls and carts of camp-followers; here a
dame of 16 or 17 stone weight, of colossal
stature, is
and there is a Jew's store, with display of a camp.
necessaries and luxur' of
which boxes of cigars
are, in this swampy '•
cillnat,?, very prominent. Out-
side the village the camp looks just like a scene of
Wouve •
rrnans with the varied costumes, the wide-
spreading turf, and the ranges of tents, and standards
guarded each by a corporal and twelve men, with
their helmets all laid in a row on the ground. Some
officers are neatly lodged, one Istrian regiment has.
ing built, on so short a notice, several brick cottages
for their officers. The camp, in fact, is a town in
inbglorcekd- block-up
re takes
wine,
placeo r brandy,
anb gyafgraeo3-Imoii rggohvti sciaornt
miniature, like Madrid to the eyes of the Devil on

EQUALITY.
" EMPIRE OF 'am.
PROCLAMATION TO THE PEOPLE AND THE ARMY BY
FAUSTIN SOULOUQUE, EMPEROR OF HAYTI.
"Haytiausl The faithful organs of the nation. tha
Chamber deepest°F.A2-11-TiAiVeuZAhlt.cv:itiflre
Cisvcr, v• xx sentiment
of devotion, the new burden imposed upon me.
" Full of confidence in the Supreme Will, which on
two solemn occasions has evinced for me its benign
solicitude, I preserve the happy hope of being able
worthily to respond to your expectation, by maintaining
all the institutions which guarantee the rights of citi-
zens, by causing order and peace to reign in the empire,
by assuring the triumph of the principles of liberty and
equality, and by maintaining at the price of all possible
sacrifices the independence of the country and the integ-
rity and indivisibility of its territory.
Haytians Tho Legislative body will at once be
called on to engage in the revision of the constitutional
compact, in order to put it in harmony with the new
order of things; I will observe its prescriptions and
cause them to be observed. I swear it before God
I and man.
" Haytiansl Let the new era which opens before us
be marked by the most complete fusion of hearts; let it
oause all passions to be silent, if any still exist among
us; and let us all join the hands of reconciliation on the
altar of the country.
4. Vivent Liberty and Equality !
" Vivent Union and Concord I
" Vivo Independence!
" Viva the Empire of Hayti, one and indivisible!
" Given at the Imperial Palace, Port au-Prince, Aug.
26, 1849, in the 46th year of independence and the first
of our reign. " SouLorQuE.
" By the Emperor, £l/4c."

[ADVERTISEMENT ]—The extensive publication of
The Observer commences at four o'clock Sunday morn-
ings. Newspaper agents can have any number of copies
b:,fore five o'clock on Sunday morning in time to supply
passengers going by all the railway trains, as well as by
early steam-vessels. Price of The Observer, 40 folio
columns, 63. Published by Mr. Clement, junior, 170,
Strand. Monday Edition of The Observer is regtearly
published at four o'clot IE Monday afternoons.
Tux HIBERNIA.—This powerful ship, which struck
upon a rock, and had to be sent back from British Ame-
rica for repairs here, went into the Sectional Dry Dock,
near Pike•slip, on Monday,' under the care of Messrs.
M'Pherson and Gray, shipwrights and caulkers, who
have about fifty men at work on her stem and keel,
which have received so much damage that it will pro-
bably to the end of the week before she gets afloat again.
Had not the Hibernia been a very strong-built vessel
she would have been wrecked; no ordinary ship could
ever have got off that rock again. The copper is
stripped off in part, and all the heel of the stem and
the forward part of they eel, and deadwood and heels of
cants are carried away; ll eight feet up the stem, and
about thirty feet aft, of the keel, is destroyed. The
rock, on which she remained half an hour, she must
have struck upon with terrible force. To prevent the
water from filling the ship, they promptly built a box
and caulked it carefully forward near the leak, and thus
prevented the waters from gaining on them all through
the ship. They then put back for Halifax, and in a
I very few days this tight steamer will be just as sea-
-1 worthy as if there were not a rock on the whole coast of
America.—New York Herald of 19th Sept.
MR. TIDD PRATT AND THE BALLOT.—It iS not
so generally known as it should be that from 1,000 to
1,200 societies arc at the present moment in active ope-
ration for the purpose of enabling members of them (who
comprise about half a million of the purely industrio
to
classes) to convert the rent which they pdy for their us
laments into capital for their purchase, which is effected
by the immediate payment of about ten years' rent. _
the funds of these Building Investment and Fresnehr.pla.
Land Societies accumulate from the periodical
osruSingito
tions of the members they are advanced,
the plan of the society, either to tb.ehemr
ballot or by
!nits to the greatest discount,. r.
o doe utbtless 1)e within the
e bray ba erc who sub-
rotation of membership.
recollection of our readers hers were in town, Mr.
It
thswetinlialt the tail end of the res.
sion of 1847., when but few
in
inducing the House of
Henry ner"" suctre principle that the ballot in the
Commons to affirm
• Up
election of and
of Parliament was desirable.
od long after Mr. Tidd Pratt, the
bar-
to that time, a certify such societies, had affirmed
or to
or certified the rules of a number of societies in which
principle. But
the ballot" principle was a leading
sooner had the House of Commons .n its collective ca-
pacity refused to accede to the ballot in the election of
Members of Parliament than Mr. Tidd Pratt declined to
certify any more societies on the " ballot" principle.
Such a course of proceeding, we must confess, is most
anomalous, and far from satisfactory or dignified.—
The Reporter for October.
THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS.—We have had
a week of most splendid weather for the completion of
the harvest. The crops, which everywhere have proved
most abundant, are now nearly all safe under cover. The
accounts of the potato crop are disheartening. From all
quarters we hear that the disease is making serious
havoc amongst the " tubers." Some farmers say that
at least one half their crops is already destroyed; others
say that even if one-half be gone, there will still be an
abundant supply left, on hand.—Carlisle Journal.
A stout, red-faced gentleman, in a white beaver,
blue coat, and buff vest, offered to wager a /nn that
he would close his eyes, and, simply by taste, ame any
kind of liquor in the house. The bet was taken, cad
the process of winning or losing commenced forthwith.
" This is genuine port, ' said the fat gentleman, tasting
from a wine glass. " And this—this is whisky," and so
on through the hotel's " manifest." A wag then poured
a few drops of water into the glass, and handed it to the
connoisseur. " This is---ah—ah—this is (tasting it)—
by Jupiter! gentlemen, I lose the bet. I never tasted
this liquq Wore."

MRS. TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL.
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
THE OLD WORLD and the NEW.
By Mrs. TROLLOPE.
•
Author of
"Father Eutace," " The Lottery of Marriage," &c.
Henry Colburn, publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW,
CLXXXII.,
Will be published on Saturday, the 13th of October.
CONTENTS
I. Reason and Faith ; their Claims and Conflicts.
11. Agriculture and Science.
111. Tennyson's Princess—Schools of English Poetry.
IV. The Electric Telegraph.
V. Schools of Design.
VI. Unsound Social Philosophy.
VII. Statistics of Coal.
VIII. Pepys's Diary.
London : Longman and Co. Edinburgh : A. and C. Black.

THEATRE ROYAL lIAYMARIc.ET.
Mr. It. riebater. Sdle Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton.
The public is respectfully informed that this popular establishment
is OPEN for the Season
THIS EVENING,
When will be performed the Comedy of THE LOVE CHASE. Sir
William Fondlove, Mr. Tilbury ; Master Waller, Mr. liowe ; Wild-
ra':e, Mr. Webster; Widow Green, Mrs. W. Clifford; Lydia, Miss
J. Mordaunt ; Constance, Mrs. :,.11sbett.
lAfter which the highly successful and laughable Farce, called an
ALARMING SACRIFICE. Bob Ticket, Mr. Buckstone ; Susan
Sweetapple, Mrs. Fitzwilliam.
After which the Farce of SEPARATE MAINTENANCE. Mr.
Pennipother, Mr. Keeley ; Mrs. Pcnnipother, Mrs. Keeley ; Jane
Briggs, Miss I'. Hor.on.
To conclude with A KISS IN THE DARK.
On MONDAY, Oct. 8, Mr. MACREADY will make his first ap-
pearance in London since his return from America, and commence
his first series of his Farewell Pe-formanees previous to his retire-
ment from the stage at the end of June next.
Due notice will be given of the appearance of Mr. and Mrs. KEAN.
The Box-ofilce will be ol'en on Thursday, under the direction of
Mr. I. T. Archer.

THEA PR& ROYAL, AD taxa I.
Undo the direction of Madame Celeste.
THIS EVENING,
Will be performed the popular Drama of MARIE DUCANGE.
Principal characters by Messrs. Boyce, 0. Smith, Wright, Worrell,
and Madame Celeste.
After which a new Farce, entitled A BIRD OF PASSAGE. Mr.
Carry Chick, Mr. Wright; Mr. Chaunt Ginger, Mr. Paul Bedford ;
Mr. Charles Pusher, Mr. Boyce; Ernest Hopeful, Mr. Worrell; Mrs.
Waters Rummer, Mrs. Frank Matthews.
To he followed by a novelty in the shape of A MOST UNWAB
RINTABLE INTRUSION, which will be committed by Mr. Wright
to tile e.nnoyance of Mr. Paul Bedford.
To conclude with ANIMAL MAGNETISM.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Management of Madame Ve
;01,3 Leaßce. Mr. Charles Ma.4he,?,s.
THIS EVENING,
Will he pre3entod a comic Drama, called THE GARRICK FEVER.
After which, THE FOLLIES OF A N 'GMT.
To be fo lowed by the Musical Drama, entitled TUE SENTINEL.
To conclude with BOX AND COX.
I)ress Boxes, 55.; Upper Box,rs, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. Ne,
tal -price t s aws, nart of the house.
Applicattoris for Private Boxes must be made to Mr. Aileron, 15
New Bond-street.

riaNcEss's THEAIa,E.
Mr. J. M. Maddox, Sole Lessee and Manager.
TIIIS EVENING,
ba performed the celebrated Opera of DON GIOVANNI.
To conclude with a new Extravaganza, entitled THE FIRST
NIGHT.

AbTl.s.',Y''.3 ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor, Jr. W. Batty.
nder the Patronage of her Majesty the Queen, his Royal Highness
Prince Albert. Fcc.
THIS EYEN.I NG,
Will be performed Fitzball's grand Equestrian Spectacle, entitled
TILE PROvii ET, in which Mr. W. `rest will appear.
'l.O rw ,ciii.owca by an Inimitable display or sCENES IN THE
C • by the art F.-4-lest,sai talent of the day.
To conclude with a fav,)nrite Farce.
i',oz-oelce open from Eleven till Four.
',4tr.go

111.411 WATZR AT LONDON BRaI)(4E.
'DVS Pat —Morning, 59 mln. after 2 Zven!n7, Is min. after 3
In-A4naaniv—,.rri!n,z, 3G min. after 3 j Evening, 5G min. after 3

OF ;CE, OCT. 3.

•
THERMOMETER, 1,0V703 t, 49; Highest, 59, Noon, 54.
_ _ _

BAROMETER, 29.15.
Wind N.N.E.—Heavy rain during the whole of the
night ; Morning cloudy ; Afternoon dull.

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