The Sun.
London, England, 1825-01-20 00:00:00

[BRITISH PRESS.]

The French Journalists, on Monday, filled
their columns almost exclusively with their dis-
cussions of the great political questions now affect-
ing their country. All moderate and reflecting
men see with pain and apprehension, the ascend-
ancy obtained in the public councils by the emi-
grant and the Jesuitical parties. The project for
the punishment of sacrilege, the indemnity for
the old Royalist proprietors, and the ties by
which France is bound to the Holy Alliance, form
altogether a portentous mass of evil. Our Cor-
espondent is disposed to blame M. de Villele
severely for his Ministerial conduct, but, con-
siderin how he is surrounded, and the par-
'ties, he has to deal with, we can find much to
excuse him : he is evidently quite sincere in
his desire to remain at peace. In the Elate
there an article extracted from the Austrian
Observ:?r, the object of which is of course to show,
that if the Mahornetans have sustained losses at
sea, the elements alone have caused them, and
not the Greeks. It is admitted, however, that
the Egyptian fleet is dispersed, though the Greek
Lire ships, we are told, produced no effect. The
tempest afterwards became so violent, but we
suppose against the Egyptian vessels only, that
the Greeks, who do not appear to have been in
the least embarrassed by it, took several trans-
ports 'during the confusion. The plague continues
to rage at Constantinople. All the members of
one foreign Legation- have suffered from it
mortally.

Our readers saw yesterday that the Coroner's
Inquest on the young man killed in the boxing-
match at Chalk Farm, ended in a verdict of
manslaughter against all the parties to the fight
--the surviving prinCipal, the seconds, and the
bottle-holders. The Jury declared their " full
concurrence in the propriety of checking the
practice of prize-fighting." The recommendation
of the Judges is thus producing its due effect ;
and we hope the day is not far distant.when this
stain upon our civilization will be quite removed.
The total battle was fought on Sunday morning
last, and the Coroner stated, in his address to
the Jury, that " of late the practice of prize-
fighting had been carried on every Sunday in that.
deighbourhOod." We hope that Mr. Stirling,
was misinformed ; for if his statement be cor-
rect, what can we think of the peace officers of
that district ? One of the witnesses says that he
saw a " Bow-street officer on the ground, and
desired hint to put a stop to the fight ; which he
declined to do, alleging as his reason that he had
not his staff." This " Officer," whoever he was,
should be identified and discharged. It is scan-
dalous that men in his situation should by
therr presence encourage so profane and wicked
an outrage on the law, and on public decency,
—more especially when the J.udges-have so lately
directed their efforts to suppress the practice even
in its least revolting form.

ETIIE TIMES./
We do not know-- by whom it is that the Por-
tuguese newspapers are composed, or, as people
say, " indited.", But Lisbon loyalty, under their
management,- goes to a mighty si}ly lune. Large
credit is taken in one of these gazettes, fonts-
much as that the whole year 182-4 .(a leap-year
besides) has passed away Without any one of the
thrones of Europe being overturned by the " re-
" zolutionary spirit !" It must have been bad
enough with some of them, when such an escape
from such a danger is deemed a Lit subject of CQII •
gratulation. We.are then told that the death of
Louis XVIII. wss a crisis ; and that " the happy
‘, issue of this crisis," by the peaceable succession
of Charles X. to the throne,proves—what ?—that

" the Covernnients of this part of the globe have'
"advanced with firm and ' gigantic' strides towards
" general tranquillity." With considerable de-
ference, we say it proves nothing, but that nobody
had the least idea of disturbing the " general
tranquillity," and that it was no wonder Charles
succeeded so quietly to the French Crown, when
there was not the shadow of an obstacle or im-
pediment in his way to it. But again : the peace
of the world was never so solidly established, as
since the magnificent partnership of Sovereigns,
nicknamed " The Holy Alliance," became a
bulwark against rebellion, proud ambition, and
so forth. The Holy Alliance, we tell this
write: of Court circulars, is no bulwark at all
against any mischief : if it were a thing effec-
tual to any lasting purpose, it would be as a bar-
rier against every social and moral good to which'
the aspirings of mankind can be directed, and by
whose enjoyment our nature is distinguished
above that of the beasts which supply us with
food and clothing. Preservers of peace! Why,
despots are its perpetual violators. Slavery with
them is peace ; the vile and abject servility of
their stupid vassals is to them the beautiful order
of society. Oppression must be silently endured,
until the oppressor of his own free will shall
please to relax its gripe, or to vary its aspect ;
but so long as he may draw satisfaction from the
indulgence of his own harshness, vengeance,
and rapacity, or from countenancing those of his
ministers and creatures—so long, by the first great
dogma of this blessed alliance, no earthly power
must dare to controul the otnnipotency of the
most atrocious tyrant ; since, up to the time that
be shall choose to affix the bridle upon his own
wickedness, every complaint is calmly tortured
into sedition, and each convulsive effort to escape
from misery is defined to be rebellion, and pu-
nished with death. This is not an exaggerated
or assumed construction of the principles of the
Holy Alliance. It is the very basis of their
whole creed. No reform is lawful—so they de-
clare officially—but that which proceeds from a
crowned Monarch. Suppose, then, that the re-
reform wanted is in the character or conduct of
the King. Why then there can be no reform—
the worse he is, the more certainly will he re-
fuse to mend ; and the more intolerably bad
any given Government, precisely in the same de-
gree is its prolongation. This mad, according
to the minds or some people, be a satisfactory
condition of tile affairs of men. This right to
everlasting abuse on one side, and obligation to
, eternal submissiveness on the other, may be a
precious recipe for " attaching men to their legi-
timate Governments," and for " uniting the di-
verse regions of the globe in indissoluble friend-
ship ;" but it is a prescription which the patients
for whom it is intended will, we are very apt to
suspect, return upon the Doctors' hands. Buona-
parte reproached himself with fighting against the
spirit of the age he lived in ; but here is a system
which goes at once to make war upon the princi-
ples of common sense, and the tendencies of hu-
man nature at. every period of society. It goes to
build the security of the criminal on the very excess
of his crimes ; and to fix the acuteness of the
sufferer's agony, as the measure and the pretext
of its duration. If this be the peace reserved
for Europe, rather be eternal warfare her inherit-
ance ;—if this be the sort of union to which
King's invite their subjects, rather let the sub-
jects, we say, one and all, unite against their
Kings : otherwise, since coercion must every day
extend itself, and the cruelties of despotism keep
pace with the terrors which inspire it, all Mo-
narchs must at last degenerate into Ferdinands
—all nations into modern Spaniards ; and every
vestige of spirit, intelligence, and civilization, be
swept off the face of Europe.—The wise author
of the passages on which we have remarked,
throws out a sufficiently obvious menace that the
" union" of the revolted colonies with their old
possessors is to be the work of the Holy-allied
Kings. We shall rejoice to see them openly
try it.

[Naw Timr.s.]
Consols for Account closed yesterday at 941,1
ex. div. A variety of reports prevailed in the
course of.the day of an unfavourable descrip-
tion relative to the unsettled state of Colombia
and other parts. of SOUth America ; but, like
those of the preceding day, we believe them to
be without foundation. The letters received
yesterday by the Leeward Island packet from
La -Guayra are quite satisfactory. From the
distance of the place, and the variety of chan-
nels through which intelligence is thence re-
:ceived, it is necessarily subject to much misre-
presentation, either intentionally or otherwise.
The report of Bolivar's defeat was counterba-
lanced by a report of his having obtained a
decisive victory.; but both remain quite in
dubio. The South American Securities, however,
experienced a very rapid and extensive fluctua-
tion, which, the circumstance of France and Hol-
land being likely to follow the example of
Great Britain respecting those States, did not
tend- to counteract. The report of Martial
Law existing in Colombia, &c. was among other
reports raised to create alarm. Colombian Bonds
fell between three and four per cent., Mexican
Bonds to about the same extent ; but they both.
recovered in price between two and three per
cent. before the -close of businesss. We men-
tioned two days ago that it was expected in Paris
that the 'recognition of certain of the South
Ainerican States -would 'be made by the French
Government, and that the announcement of such
event -would he made by a communication from
the King to the Chambers. We learn the rea-
son for this form being adopted is, that there are
certain clauses in the treaties existing between
France and Spain, which make it necessary to
receive the sanction of the French Legislature
previously to such measure being adopted.'

[TILE PUBLIC LEDGF:II.]
After a considerable lapse of time, and no little
anxiety arising- from the delay, we are at last
able to lay before our Readers direct intelligence
from the liberating army in Peru. It shews, that
Bolivar, so far from having been placed, at any
time since the defeat of the enemy's cavalry at
Junin, under the necessity of re-measuring his
steps, had constantly advanced, without any

other interruption, but such as became absolutely
necessary, from the duty imposed upon him, of
obtaining supplies for his troops, and given them
time to recruit their strength, after a forced
march of nearly four weeks, in pursuit of
the enemy. About the beginning of Sep-
tember, he encountered Canterac ; brought
him to action; completely beat, and dispersed
his troops. Having allowed his army a proper
interval of rest, he continued his victorious march,
and on the 25th of September transferred his
head-quarters to Humanga, from which he pro-
posed immediately marching on Cusco, where the
last remains of the Viceroy's forces were col-
lected. These important particulars are contain-
ed in a letter, which was received yesterday by
a most respectable house in the City, from its
Correspondent at St. Thomas's. The letter
is dated the 15th of December, on which
day a vessel arrived there from Chagres,
bringing the intelligence, which we have felt
a satisfaction, commensurate with its im-
portance, in laying before our readers. This
news is very different from that brought by the
Flora from Buenos Ayres ; and against which we
thought it our duty to caution the Public, be-
cause we saw in it only a new version of a very
wild rumour, which prevailed at Lima towards
the end of August. That rumour reached us
through the United States about a month since ;
and when it made its re-appearance the day be-
fore yesterday, it passed for something wholly
new, merely because it had been conveyed
through another channel. By placing the field
of battle at Jauga, it was of course inferred,
that Bolivar had been compelled to retreat ; and
it was naturally apprehended that he either ad-
vanced incautiously in the first instance, or
that he had greatly under-rated the strength of
his opponent,—in either case a very serious
error. Placed as Lima was towards the end of
August, it is not surprising that extravagant re-
ports followed one another in quick succession ;
but it showed great credulity to receive them as
worthy of credit. This credulity, however,
exists to an extent which we could hardly be-
lieve, if we had not seen daily proofs of it ; and,
we fear, it will still make many victims, not-
withstanding the uniformly favourable nature
of the accounts, which are derived from
every source worthy of credit. Whilst the
Independent cause is consolidating itself at home
with a rapidity that has far outstripped the
hopes of its most ardent admirers, it appears to
be making friends in the European Cabinets with
a celerity much more astonishing. It is stated in
the most confident manner; that both Austria and
Prussia have already expressed themselves most
favourably in its behalf ; and, whoever considers
the friendly relations subsisting between the
one and the Court of Rio Janeiro, as well as
the characteristic prudence of the Prussian
Government, will have little difficulty in be-
lieving this account. It is said that France has
gone much farther than either of those two Pow-
ers; as a proof of which, her Government is
positively stated to have formally announced
to the Members of the Diplomatic Body at Paris,
her intention of entering into Treaties with the
New Slates. This change affords either an im-
posing proof of English influence, or is an instance
of consummate address on the part of those legiti-
mate Powers. If it were suspected by their sub-
jects, that they were at variance with England
on a question of such paramount importance, the
consequences might be fairly troublesome ; and
they may therefore have deemed it more advis-
able to make a virtue of necessity, and to recog-
nize that independence, which they must now
see the folly of trying to overturn. Be this as it
may, their conduct is a tribute to the vast influ-
ence, which is wielded at this time by his Mg-
jesty's Government.

bIORNING, CHRONICLE.]
A scientific investigation has rarely excited
more public attention and interest than that
which relates to the protection of the copper of
ships by the contact of some. positive metal ; this
is not surprising when we consider the great na-
tional importance of the object, and the very
striking manner in which an apparently abstract
principle of philosophy has been brought into im-
mediate practical application, by the most simple
process of art. We have lately observed several
paragraphs in the public prints, which contain
representations calculated to render the public
less sanguine as to the ultimate success of Sir 11.
Davy's plan. We are, however, enabled to state,
that the first accounts given of the condition
of the Samarang's copper is entirely un-
founded, and the subsequent one very incorrect.
The copper of this ship had been on between
three and four years, and she was chosen for the
particular purpose of ascertaining the effects of
the principle of protection in old copper, and we
know that the result has more than answered the
expectations of the inventor ; for, as she appear-
ed in Dock, her copper might be considered as
absolutely clean, and it required minute exami-
nation to, discover the few capillary weeds and
shells adhering, not to the protectors, but
to the oxide of. iron, for a small space
round them on the stern. Both as to clean-
ness, and as to the effects of a rapid corro-
sion, the experiment was perfectly success-
ful. We are acquainted with another example in
the yacht of a- distinguished Nobleman which
was protected in May. last, and taken on shore a
few• weeks ago,- and found perfectly clean, and
the copper almost unchanged. The only vessel, I,
the Arethusa, which has been under the influence
of protectors, for any considerable length of time
in Plymouth Harbour, is said also to he in a very
satisfactory state. We have moreover just received
intelligence from Naples of the arrival of the Ser-
ingapatamonother protected ship, and that she has
entered the Bay,with her copper beautifully bright.
These few instances are sufficient to show that the
method of protecting copper, as proposed by Sir 11.
Davy, promises to answer the intended purpose ;
but, even, if in some instances foulness has been, or
shall be produced by excess of protection, it
will only demonstrate the power of the princi-
ple of protection, which may ,be so graduated as
to save all the copper, or 1-10th, 'or 1-sth, or
1-3 d, of any other proportion. The practical
application of this principle can only be learnt

by varied experiments, which we feel con-
fident
the genius of the inventor will esta-
blish. He is, we understand, at present en-
gaged in ascertaining whether the best results are
to be obtained by a few large, or by numerous
such protectors placed below, or above the
copper ; and also all the circumstances of the
corrosion of different kinds of copper by sea-
water. We have offered these remarks, derived
from authentic source,, as an act of justice to the
labours of Sir Ilumphry Davy. It must be highly
painful to the Learned President, to find incompe-
tent persons reasoningu port experiments which they
cannot understand, and questioning results which
they cannot fairly appreciate. To the Public it
must be annoying to read so many contradictory
statements and misrepresentations ; to Science it
is humiliating, for it proves that, like commerce
or politics, she even is exposed to the jealousies
of conflicting interests.