The Sun.
London, England, 1836-03-11 00:00:00

?needing thr;;-----------------------.- hoped that
the - Report, and he therefore trusted and
subjectamica .to. which it referred would be discussed in the same
sin e spirit by Parliament that it had been by the Commis-
-I)ers--( Hear, hear, hear.)
Sir ROBERT INGLIS said that, however much he re-
d and admired some of the Members of the Commis-
' °II. the Report of which the Noble Lord had just brought up
i;..-rwever highly he esteemed the Right Rev. Prelates who
1171 signed that Report—he could not conceal from the House
for e deep regret which he felt at hearing such a plan proposed
,11.4,4.°Pti0n as that which the Noble Lord just announced.
;9 ills part, he was bound to say that he would not be a party
the reception of a Report, the tendency of which he be-
ed in his conscience would be fatal to the best interests of
the Church of which he was a member. He certainly should
rt.ot differ from the Noble Lord with respect to the appropria-
n of
the surplus which this Report proposed ; but he must
0!.1,IY the right—taking that word in its largest sense, but with-
01_4' questioning the legal power—of Parliament to deprive
el'e class of the Clergy of ally portion of their revenues for
he Purpose of distributing it among another. At all events,
.! should be no party to any such arrangement. If he under-
of aoti(11 the
Noble Lord rightly, it was intended that the incomes
bends Present occupants of existing sees, livings, and pre-
should not be disturbed ; and, before he proceeded fur-
ther' he wished to ask the Noble Lord whether he was correct
mss, hether this plan meant to protect the rights of the existing
livigs and prebends
Lord J.
tnative AUSSELL was understood to answer in the pftir-

sonß. INGittL IS.—Then he was to understand that no
,

ee
orect, Possession of a see, living, stall, or prebend was to he
evl in their income by the plan recommended by this
Pert
Lowl j
sir f? • RUSSELL.—UnIess with their own consent,
()pita, INGLIS.—Unless with their own coneent ! His
atinni "vas that no such Commission ought ever to have been
tieWnted; nor was his view of the matter at all changed be-
the members of it consisted of a number of eminent pre-
as well as laymen.
themselves
HUME thought that the Commissioners had done not
wy..,tnemselves but the Church great credit by the manner in
to 4'41
quir they had executed the inquiry entrusted to them. That
shoulditgilirY~ however, have been undertaken by the Church
an
ee
.aato • The only part
that
the plan on which lie had
nee
."us rvation to make, was which related to plurali-
3, and no man, he thought, whose object really Was to sup-
Pert t
en, be. Church, could. deny that such things should be done
oeha?...,with as speedily as possible. He was anxious theyshould
eil'ltier how far retaining heads of chlleees and schools
asttui‘.,livin„es was advisable.'" He thought that it was not, and,
att.,'re was a surplus, it would be better, in his opinion,. ito
'en incomes such offices than to allow the parties to.eee
paid ee as to
pt. r duties which they did not perform. This, he felt
.„;suaded would remove half the evils consequent upon the
'eater), of, , ,
-piuraiities.
k„,41•• GO LIL BURN said that the plan now proposed had
ein.-1111 Prepared by those who were best calculated to form a
CT, t judgment on such a subject—by the members of the
verch itself, aided in the progress of their inquiries by those
• next to the Right Rev. Prelates, were most bound in duty
bleuPhold the religion of the country—he meant the responsi-
of the of the Crown. He had viewed the appointment
iite'ne Commission as absolutely essential to the welfare of the
eitieased population of the country, and because he knew the
to beulty of obtaining proper religious instruction in many parts.
ieste verY great. In all directions the demand for religious
e: ruction was very pressing, and the object of appointing a
eavoscltruhtssion was to ascertain- how that instruction could be
eet,_,,,naciently imparted. This could only be done by a ge-
ti ;1 revision of the state of the Church, beginning with the
tnitl‘e!-t dignitaries and ending with the parochial clergy, andte
eauvoung their incomes to the altered circumstances of h
t e tlte.-( Hear, hear.) He should, therefore, he was ready
of -tehtl'ess, go into the consideration of the various provisions.
to ie Plan to be founded on this report with a sincere desire
b, Te it the effect which he should think best calculated to
telcoll.c_se the result which they all. so much desired,( Hear,
otitn and he doubted not that if the matter were pursued.
1,44,0t4h,at which should be the wish of all parties—a determi-
teen I° promote the interests of the Protestant religion—the
pert t to which they must come, founded of course on this re-
the would not only give general satisfaction, but conduce to
Dr interests of the Church itself.,( Hear, hear.)
felt r* ,Ll.) SHMG TO N expressed the satisfaction which he
'kept nearing such a plan as that which these Commissioners
Plae.enc°lnlnended. So far from taking any exceptions to that
Ithie,le was bound to say that it exceeded any expectation
the had formed on the subject, and all he hoped was, that
ahealrnPles of the Hon. Baronet, the Member for Oxford,
tile
3" not disturb the unanimity which prevailed respec ing
I,f. thr:eine in. the C. hu.rch which was now proposed.—( Hear.)
u2e leading principles of this plan they must all approve,.
apn4, every bsixpence of the ecclesiastical revenues was to be
lae;,•cPriated to the use of the Church, and the sole alteration
'esed to be made was in the distribution of those revenues.
Es Ater advantage could not be bestowed on the Church
t'erelishmene—(Hear, hear.) Whatever the sentiments
eau„,,‘Thich he entertained respecting the Church of another
Estlisted e had always held, and continued to hold, that the
,-""shed Church of England had not a sixpence of reve7
je4,tinlore than was adequate to the furtherance of the ob-
it. which that Church had in view.—( Hear, hear.) Now,
ser,,'7 understood the statement of his Noble Friend, the
extti-ed-ls a the incomes of the Bishops which were considered
sees"v4i.gant was to be applied in the augmentation of smaller
Bust'itl emoluments of which were utterly inadequate to
ese.-„,,,tunse prelates by whom the duties of them were dis-
el 1`.41:, No one could doubt that the incomes of the Bishop
maintand the Bishop of Oxford were insufficient to
Rev.
t',awl the dignity of their stations, or to enable those Right
trint, relates to diffuse that charity which never appeared
Ile%asr than when proceeding from such hands.—( Hear.)
great, s glad, however, that they meant
.to uphold the three
the ereees as objects of ecclesiastical ambition, and totender
fositle"toluments of the others adequate to the duties to be
that ; but b
ee must at the saute time express his deep regretlp
that e Bareeet the Member for Oxford should be ie.ee
fn,r4cllY tribunal short of Parliament had a right to deal with
41104114 Property. The next part of the plan to which he
e! advert was that which related to Deans and Chapters.
ea g.'c'd not wish to say that Deans and Chapters had produced
l•elenned---that they bad not contributed to the advantage of
trvtr 411(1 promoted the literature and erudition of the coun-
us4,,er,,be did mean to say' that the benefits which had. been
'extent 'rom them were by no means commensurate with the
lie 9t• the revenue which they received.—( hear, hear.)
eathe'rPlced to find that they did not propose to desecrate
!rills and abolish sees- but that both were to be maintained
staouceew integrity, although under somewhat different circum-
this e.rr It was impossible not to perceive the advantage of
sissneuPgement. From the first hour of his being an Eccle-
tered Commissioner—from the first moment he en-
ehuchi
.1.. the consideration of the state of the
be urged on the Archbishops and Bishops
°ltinth wie"Pm he was connected, the absolute necessity
ytilnaee °mg the office of Archdeacon, and giving to the Cler-
tnn 3" bolding that preferment a revenue- sufficient to enable
the o`,t Perform the great and important duties attached to
frecin•e„ce,t The House must be aware the Archdeacon was
Pareet;:tlY called upon to make a circuit or tour among the
of
1,4,14 clergy. The whole emoluments of the Archdeacon
they :On he knew to be no more than 1801. a year, and as
14114, !Ist all admit that such an amount was wholly inade-
to see to the duties to be performed, lie for one should be glad
the juca Portion of the surplus applied to the augmentation of
office oe,rnes of the clergymen .who filled this station. The
fern it, Archdeacon was a highly important one, and
excusethere-
ao
tow for not discharging the duties of it properly. He
arid ec,4tne to the last point, that which related to residence eanet'turalities. No one, he believed, who had considered the
as far t could for a moment doubt that it was most desirable
Plei.,tiat Practicable to enforce residence and do away with
PlueatiLl,est--(Cries of " Hear, hear.") The abolition of
tee eeie, however, formed a question of some difficulty,
end
only be considered with reference to the
said this state of the revenues of the Church. When he
'net the be hoped it would not be supposed that he was
tentrer advocate for the abolition of pluralities ; on the
speedily, as was as anxious to see them done away with as
übtentY, as possible, but not before proper inquiries on the
aiT„ had been made, and effectual means taken for insuring '
licehate cure of souls in every case, without the necessity
teneil_exing to livings the incomes of which were small other
old tt-leS, In order that qualified persons might be induced to
bad he He
.He knew of several- instances- in which such livings
Ala n ejected, and it was therefore important that some
eeedertind be devised to obviate the difficulty before they pro-
ecitelnde° pluralities.—(Hear, hear.) He could not
tett The "c his observations without congratulating the House
of the e°llrltrY on the prospect they had of seeing the abuses
,eurch satisfactorily remedied.—( Hear, hear. )
to t'lltio V. HARCOURT • 11' did at-
c‘rrielootiutt their vi was prepared to give is can
care to the plan recomme d d b the Commisioners, and
views far as he thought they "ought to be
The Re
port was then agreed to, and ordered to be printed.
Lord I PRINCIPALITY OF DURHAM,
next, h °RN RUSSELL gave notice, that on Monday
Action of
should move for leave to bring in a Bill for the regu-
tie Principality of Durham.
kr SPIRIT LICENSES.
tion. 13IVETT and several other Members presented peti-
ape? "%Int Liskear, Stonehouse, and various other places,
eexhist the increased duty on Spirit Licenses.
rbeNsi%o.Vl,y,Ei eTT 1 rose'
npaurcsuearnnint tiotteneoetincl tmonemhoevfe tthhaet
Actthe
nefPer eerlit'l:l IV:, ch. 75, as imposes an additional duty of
rt 9!., the
T3on•
sretail spirit licenses. This Act was brought
his opinion e at. a late period of the Session, and did not,
ti.e(ori:::tuanvaceteroi_iiriaer_tbeeeeerelive that attention which its importance and
ettaCiiadt• its tendency called for. Its operation, as he had
11
found to be most oppressive and injurious
ogfetiLndndustrious class. In the last Session the
L'ivett) and xchequer, upon representations which he
t Ject into . other Gentlemen made, promised to take the
_heteie
class
in consideration, with a view of affording some relief
theeiestion, but the relief afforded was far from
44114411not()elesttptettlit0feamitINvi;Isvleittahliliattshii;nniatnhd. , ihe ndee
Righti general impression
litetdleto relief total Gtehnutslemarzlieadd
Lill hett'er I.The
33 111/ divi.ded among 21,635 persons, which
than a mockery.. The supporters of the
rigs thought that
La.; but this they were repressing the drinking of spi-
ne produce, was quite a mistake.. On the ether hand it
secs anytn• great increase o; , which had
in mg* but diminie- Led relief of last
the After a
Oall 'es's' •
*aetien erY,
kr •

were inaudible in
-luded with his

the task opposing this proposition was painful to him, and he
begged to add that he believed the Hon. Member for Exeter
(Mr. Divett) was actuated by no unkind feeling towards
the Government in bringing the motion forward but he en.
treated the House, before they came to a vote on this sub-
ject, that they would do him the favour to listen to the
few observations which he had to offer—that they would not
come to a decision on the question without listening to the
facts. He rejoiced that the country was financially in the po-
sition which disabled him from affirming that it would be inju-
rious to public credit to acquiesce in the proposition ; he be-
lieved; and he derived the greatest pleasure from having it in
his power to state the fact, that the revenue would'be able to bear
this reduction. He, therefore, did not oppose the proposition
on financial grounds ; but he begged to call the attention of.
the House to the actual position in which this matter stood,
and to the circumstances under which the propoSition was
brought under the consideration of the House. He htd al-
ready said, that at the earliest possible period after the close
of the finanoial year in April next, he would bring before the
House the actual state of the income and expenditure of the
country, and he trusted its condition would be flourishing
enough to enable him to propose such modifications and alte-
rations of some of the branches of taxation as appeared to him-
self and his colleagues,
_and as would appear also to the House,
the best calculated to afford practical relief.—(Cheers.) The
present proposition did not involve the question of a loss to
the revenue of 120,0001. a year—he did not ask the House to
consider that ; but in apportioning that amount of relief, he
would ask the House not to decide on a mere review of the
qiiestion of spirit licenses, but to weigh one proposition against
another, and then inquire of themselves, inquire of their con-
stituents, and inquire of the country, whether, if they decided
in favour of this one item of relief, they would give general
satisfaction ? He begged the House to bear in mind •that the
duty on spirit licenses was paid by the consumers of the spirits.
—( Hear, hear, and No.) That was the real state of the case,
and he thought the proposition Was so clear, that be did not
at ell expect to find it contradicted. Not imagining that he
should require much authority in support of his views, he had
not troubled himself to seek any but in the soundest authority
which could be consulted on such subjects, and he bad found
at hand the following observation :—" Such duties as those
on • licenses to retail ale, wine, and spirituous liquors, though
intended to fall on the retailers, are paid by the consumers."---
( Hear, hear, hear.) The authority from which he quoted was,
admitted to be a good one on such questions, being no less
eminent an individual than the author of the " Wealth of Na-
tionss"--( Hear, hear.) He wished to bring before the atten-
tion of the House. the circumstances under which the addi-
tional duty to which his Hon. Friend bad alluded was imposed
by his Noble Friend Earl Spencer. And here he must re-
mark that the Hon. Member for Exeter went no farther back
for his facts than to that period. Why did he not go to an
earlier period? If he had, he would have discovered that
there,was a time, not very distant, when the licensed victual-
lers received considerable relief. If the lion. Gentleman, in-
stead of confining his view to the period just before 1634, had
extended it to the time prior to 1825, he would have found
that the smaller classes then paid for their licences upwards of
71. ; which sum was reduced by Lord Althorp to 31. 3s. ; and
all who sold not more than 50 gallons of spirits in the course
of the yeir, had had their licences reduced to 21. 2s. When
Honourable Gentlemen considered the claims of the other
classes of industry in this country, when they considered
how that industry was borne elow'n perhaps both by excise
regulations and financial impositions, he felt assured that
they • would pause before they granted relief to one single
class.—( Hear, hear.) He had always thought and had al-
ways said, that spirits were a fair article for taxation; indeed
it had always been his conviction, that a more fair article for
taxation could not bee found—( Hear)—ansi the limit was the
fullest extent to which you could impose duty without creating -
smuggling.—( Cheers.) Lord Althorp when he -gave relief
to the country from taxation to the amoun of 1,200,0001.,
considered it safer to impose an additional duty on spirit li-
cences rather than on spirits. In 1835, objections were made
in various petitions which were presented to the House against
the license duty. No great objections, however, were made
to the increased duty when it was proposed by his Noble
Friend.'- At that time the boon of getting rid of the house
tax was considered so great, that he should like to see the
Gentleman in this House, when be saw the necessity which
existed of obtaining some indemnity—he should like to see
the Gentleman who would have resisted the proposition ; on
the contrary, the question was raised in this House and in
other quarters whether a greater duty should not be im-
posed
on the, retailers of spirits.—(Hear, hear. )7 He knew
how distasteful to the House these details were ; but the
question appeared to him to be of so much importance as to
make it his duty to submit this statement to their considera-
tion. Last year, in order to meet the objections which bad
been made, he proposed that in cases where the conzurnptien
of spirits did not exceed 50 gallons,-_ the additional duty on
the licenses should be altogether remitted. Some Hon..
Gentlenien then said that the relief proffered would be next
to nothing, in reply to which he stated that the principle of his
measure n-a.n to give relief to the smaller victualler. In the
first place, time number of licensed victuallers thee-ughoute
,England was 47,340. The Act 5 and 6NV illiam IV., c. 79,
gave relief in 17,423 cases, being 34 per cent. on the whole.
number of parties-who we're licensed victuallers. But let him
call attention to the mode in which that relief was given to
the 7maller classes, The night Hen. Gentleman thei! quoted
from the following " Ileturn of the number of retail•apirit
dealers in England who have received relief under the Act
6 and 6 William I V., c. 39 , • 'stating the total e.moont of such
relief, and the number of those relieved under each:rate of
d,ity. •At 21. 25., instead of 31. 35.,. 9,804; number in
1832-3, 14,191, relief 67:1,-• per cent. ; at 41. 4s:, instead of
61. 65., 6;454; in 1832=3, 18,349, relief 33 per cent., ; at 61. 6s.
instead of 9/. 9s. 584, number in 1832-3, 3,005, relief 19 per
cent. ; at 71. 7s. instead of 111. Os. 6d., 197, numbetin 1832-3,
1,729, relief 11 per cent. ; at 81. Bs. instead of 12/. 125., 207,
number in 1832-3, 3,369, relief 6 per cent. ; at 9/. 95. instead
of 14/. 3s. 71, number. in .1832-3, 2,229, relief 3 per
cent. ; at 101. 10s. instead of 15/. 155., 106, number in 1832-3,
4,168, relief .2:1,-. per cent. ; .total number relieved,. 17,423,
ditto in 1832-3, 47,340, relief :3G per cent. ; total amount of
relief 28,172/. 165." The above details showed that the' Act
had given relief to all the smaller dealers, and be it ob-
served, to those connected with the agrieultural parts of the
country—the very -classes for whom his Hon. Friend claimed
relief. Tbe relief which would be given by his Hon. Friend's
propositionwoU'd be given. just where J the House would
think it ought not to be given.—( Hear, hear.) As evidence
of the extent to which the countr‘, and agricultural districts
had been henefitted by his plan, the itight Hon, Gentleman
referred to the following
Report. of the number of retail spirit dealers who .have fee
ceived relief under the Act 5 and 6 William IV., c. 39, and
also the total amount of such relief :
Number relieved. Amount of relief.
Country
England ... London ... 41 ... 200 11 0

Total relief
Scotland - 1,596 1,85315 6
Ireland

United Kingdom 21,635 £33,187 12 0
Excise Office, March 10, 1836.
If 'this proposition were carried, you would give relief to
21,091 dealers in London, comprehending the whole of the
gin-shops in this metropolis. Now he would say, that if they
had a surplus to give away, it was not in that quarter that he
would give it.—( Cheers.) He was prepared to show them, if
his Honourable Friend would only afford him the oppor-
tunity, the advantages of repealing one tax as compared
with another, and he would then ask the House to
judge between them, which of the two propositions was
best. He did not hesitate to say that he felt "confident the
House would agree with him, and would not apply a surplus
of 120,0001. to increase the sale of gin.—(Hear, hear.) The
Noble Lord the Member for Southampton presented a peti-
tion but a few days ago on the subject of the paper duties,
and stated, as a part of his case, the extreme hardship to
which the paper-stainers are now subject. The Noble Lord
spoke the benefit which it would be to industry—of the orna-
ment which it would add to our houses ; he spoke of the
cleanliness and neatness which it would impart to the humble
cottage, and he spoke of the improvement it would occasion in
the revenue itself if the duty were reduced. Now the whole
of the duly on stained paper might be repealed for less than
the sum which the Hon. Member propose to waste for the
relief of the licensed victuallers and gin-drinkers.—( Cheers.)
For the sake of the people, for the sake of the industry of the
land, he would say, they must negative the proposition ; let
them at least suspend their judgment till they had the oppor-
tunity of comparing the Hon. Member's plan with his, and
adopting the one which they preferred. Were there no Hon.
Gentlemen who had claims to put in for other branches of
manufacture ? Did Hon. Members recollect what had been
done with respect to the glass trade ? Did they recol-
lect the relief which was afforded to the glass trade last
year; the whole amount of the duties on which did not
exceed the amount they were now called on now to sacrifice ?
Did Gentlemen bear in mind the extent to which that relief
had put machinery in motion? Did they recollect how it had
raised wages ? How it had improved the character of the ma-
nufacture, and the promise which it gave of being an increa-
sing source of wealth to the country ? There was another
proposition about to be discussed—a proposition which came
before the House in the shape of petitions. The Hon. Mem-
ber for Liverpool had heard lately from his constituents on the
subject of raw cottons. Had the Hon. Member for Exeter
heard nothing of the daily applications made to the Treasury
to carry into effect various reductions of taxation of real im-
portance, many of them recommended by the Commission of
Excise Inquiry, many-of them which, if they could be effected
would really benefit the community ? Give him a free stage
and no favour, to discuss this question, and he was not afraid
of the result. But his Hon. Friend let out a small matter, and
to that he wished particularly to call the attention of the House.
His Hon. Friend told them that there had been a general elec-
tion, and he said that the .publicans at that election had put
forward as a permanent grievance the amount of this tax. He
knew it—the complaint was addressed to him also, and he met
it. He met it, too, under a more arduous responsibility than the
Hon. Member for Exeter, because he was connected with the
Government who imposed the tax, and he could assure his
Hon. Friend that it was not under the circumstances a
very agreeable subject of conversation between him and the
victualler.—( A laugh.) Which course, however, was it his
duty to take here on a question of taxation? Not that which
he thought rifest palatable to them, but that rather which he
knew to be most conducive to the welfare of the public. 116'
explained and they were satisfied—(hear, hear)—he heard no
complaints, though he told them that it was the intention of
Government to renew this tax. He asked the Hon. Gentle-
' Fr"' permission to put the question fairly. Let there be
a to decide whether the relief proposed by him to be
sumers of gin was or was not better than the
Chaneelici F the Exi Aat3l.l pronosed to

courage to stand out, they were unfit to sit in that House, or
to exercise the functions of a legislature. Hon. Gentlemen
should recollect that there was the question of marine insu-
rance to ale considered. There was also a proposition of
his own, which was in a few days to be submitted to them ;
it was, that they should take into consideration the stamp-
duties.—( Cries of " Hear, hear, hear.") Hsi proposed in the
Bill of whiCh he .fiad given notice, to make considerable re-
ductions in all of them. It was important that these matters
should be considered, when they were giving substantial relief.
But would his Hon. Friend anticipate him by a premature dis-
cussion, and deprive the House of examining the propositions
he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) had- to make, and of
-pronouncing upon them its fair, just, and deliberate judgment.
—(Hear, hear, hear.) His Hon. Friend could not be more
anxious to repeal taxes than he was ; nor could his Hon. Friend
be more desirous of giving relief.—( Hear.) It was his opi-
nion that Hon. Gentlemen would act wisely in making their
first proposition for a relief from taxation to select ardent
spirits as the most suitable matter upon which to afford relief.
He meant to make his financial statement in a mouth, and
should then submit his propositions to the House. If, after
the appeal he had made, he should not be allowed to submit
his propositions in the manner he wished, then he trusted that
Hon. Gentlemen would feel it to be their duty to support him
in resisting the motion.
Mr. HE AT HCOTE considered that nothing could be a
more fair subject for taxation than what were called gin-pa-
laces. Under present circumstances, however, he hoped his
Hon. Friend would postpone his motion for a month..
Lord SAND 0 N declared that he could not consider the tax
one which fell upon the consumer, as the Chancellor of the
'Exchequer had represented it. He viewed it in a very dif-
ferent light. If he regarded the tax as one upon ardent spirits,
he should riot object to its continuance.
Mr. GILLON suggested the withdrawal of • the motion for
the present. The Hon. Member for Exeter could reserve to
himself the right of bringing it forward hereafter.
Mr. C. BARCLAY thought it much more likely that relief
would be obtained by leaving the matter to the future delibera-
tion of Government, than by pressing it at this moment.
Mr. HUME felt pleased that this subject had been sub-
mitted to the House ; at the same time, having heard from the
Chancellor of the Exchequer that he would make his financial
statement in a month, he considered it would prejudice the
claims of the licensed victuallers, and lessen their chances of
success, were the motion pressed that evening, when the House
appeared to be under the impression that it was only fair and
right that they should wait to hear the propositions of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Mr. MILES would veto with the Hon. Member for Exeter
if he pressed the motion, for he considered the tax a direct
tax on the retailer, and not a tax upon the consumer. He
would not vote with the Hon. Member, if the Chancellor of the
Exchequer had given any hopes that this tax would be modified.
Colonel SIBTHO RP was resolved to vote for the motion,
and hoped that the Hon. Mover would not give it up, not only
because he (Colonel Sibthorp) was desirous to satisfy his own
sense of public duty, but also on account of the delight which
it would afford him to see a division amongst the Hon. Gen-
tlemen opposite, and to behold the Hon. Member for Exeter
voting against the Chancellor of the Exchequer. He wished
to take that opportunity of asking when it was intended to
bring forward the Budget ?
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he
would bring it forward as soon after the .oncl of the financial,
year as the state of the notice paper would
Dr. BO WRING hoped the Hon. Member would withdraw
his motion. If not, he would move an amendment for the ad-
journment of the debate.
Mr. P. H. HOWARD announced his intention of sup-
porting the amendment, and accused the Hon. Gentleman
opposite of actin;; with suspicious zeal.for the purpose of em-
barrassing the King's Government.—(Laughter.)
Mr. -G-OHLBURN said that on this:question, which was
connected with the revenue, he would give to the Government
that support which, if he were in the situation of the Right.
Hon, Gentleman opposite, he would expect to receive. Until.
the amount of S1111)10:4 was known, he thought it would be
politic and injurious to tote for a reduction of taxation.
Sir M. W. RIDLEY supported the motion.
Lord ..T. RUSSELL would oppose the motion. The bets
ter plan would be to wait for the Report of the Chancellor of
the .Exchequer. He had stated that he had particular taxes
under consideration, but that he had not made up his mind
about there. (._lie (Lord: Russell) would certainly vote for
the postponement of the question till after the Report of the
Chancellor of the I;s:chequer-
Sir W. FOL LETT said the propoziition of the Noble Lord
was to wait for the report of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
That would be very well if the Chancellor held out any hopes
of reduction in this tax, but he distinctly stated that he could
make no reduction. If be would,
.it would be well to postpone
it ; but ashe held out no hopes, the question ought to be en-
' tertained'how. The tar was- imposed in 1634 because of a
diminution in the revenue; but nOw that there was an increase
of revenue, there was good ground for calling for a diminu-
tion of this -tax. The Chancellor cf the Exchequer at that
time said, the tax would fall on the consumer, but now it seemed

Sir J. GR .HAM was neve;• wore decided about anything
than in his intention to vote with Ministers on the present

OCeaFitor

Mr. DIVETT would press for a aivision. The postpone-
ment of the question till after the budget of the Chancellor of
the Exchequer was a mere. delusion. It was flooring the ques-
tion for the ,e,r;sion—( A laugh, and " Hear")—for after that
time it would be too late to introduce the question. He brought
forward fite question, not with a view to court popularity, but
from a souse of duty. _ •

The question %I-al then put, "That the debate on this ques-
tion be adjourned until Thursday the 15th of April next,"
when the House divided, and there appeared—

. ..
For the original motion - 155
For the adjournment 165
Majority - 10
LAW OF LANDLORD AND TENANT.

Mr, S. CRAWFORD moved for leave to bring in a Bill
to amend the law of landlord and tenant. He begged to state
the grounds of his BM. The Irish tenantry were in the most
deplorable state ; they held their lands at a rack rent. Much
of the land was waste, because the tenants could not reclaim
it. The Hon. 7.llc.tner then proceeded to read some extracts
from the evidence of Mr. Nimmo, taken before the Poor Law
Commissioners in Ireland in 1835, to show the state of desti-
tution to which the Irkli peasantry were reduced. The Bill
he proposed to introduce WkS the same in principle as the one
he had obtained lea: cto bring in last Session ; but it was con.
siderablv modified in its details. The Hon. Member con-
cluded by moving for leave to bring in his Bill.
Colonel CON OLL Y opposed the introduction of the Bill.
Lord MORPETH was quite willing that the Bill -should
be introduced, that the House might have the opportunity of
giving it a full consideration.
Mr. SHAW did not. object to the introduction of the Bill,
but he maintained that it was ,utterly inapplicable to the state
of society in-Ireland.
Colonel PE RCE VAL pronounced the Bill a monstrous in-
terference between landlord and tenant ; it might do much
mischief, and, it could 'by no possibility do good. He should
for that reason oppose it in linane, however unpopular it might
make him.
Mr. LEFROY said it interfered with the, rights of pro-
perty, and therefore he felt bound to enter his strong protest.
against
few words from the Attorney-General, Mr. Finn,
A fteri t
a .
Mr. P. Scrope, and Mr. 'W. S. O'Brien, the motion was
agreed to without a division, although the gallery was cleared
for that.purpose.
The other Orders of the Day were then disposed of, and
the House adjourned at a .Quarter to One o'Clock.

CHURCH REFORM.

SECOND REPORT.

FROM HIS MAJESTY'S COMMISSIONERS, APPOINTED TO CON-
SIDER THE STATE OF THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH IN
ENGLAND AND WALES, WITH REFERENCE TO ECCLESIAS-
TICAL DUTIES AND REVENUES.
TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
We, your Majesty's Commissioners, appointed by Commis-
sions bearing date the 4th day of February and the 6th day of
June, 1835, to consider the state of the Established Church
in England and Wales, with reference to ecclesiastical duties
and revenues, having pursued the inquiry thereby committed to
us, humbly present to your Majesty this our second Report.
In the remarks which we are about to submit, upon the mode
of carrying into effect, with some modification, the measures
already recommended by us, we shall follow the arrangement
adopted in our first Report to your Majesty, bearing date the
17th day of Mardh, 1835, and class our observations under the
heads of

TERRITORY AND REVENUE.
On the subject of episcopal patronage, we have at present
no additional remarks to offer. The question is one of con-
siderable intricacy ; and we propose to make it the subject of
aldistinct Report. Any general rule which we should attempt
to lay down, would be liable to so many exceptions as to ren-
der it of little practical use. In the second part of this Report
we shall have occasion to recommend some changes in the
exercise of patronage belonging to deans and chapters.
TERRITORY. -
Objections have been made to two of the propositions sub-
mitted by us to your Majesty under this head—viz., to the
union of the dioceses of Llandaff and Bristol ; and to the
separation from the diocese of Winchester of those parishes in
the county of Surrey which it is proposed to place under the
jurisdiction of the Bishop of London.
With respect to the former of these propositions, when the
union of the sees of Llaudaff and Bristol was recommended,
we were not insensible to the inconveniences attending that
union; and the representations which have since been made to
us against it have operated so strongly on our minds, as to in-
duce us, on reconsideration, to relinquish that plan. We now
recommend that the city and suburbs of Bristol should be
united to the diocese of Bath and Wells, and that the remain-
ing part of the diocese of Bristol situate in the county of
Gloucester should be added to the diocese of Gloucester.
If this recommendation is adopted, that part of the count)
of Glamorgan, which is now in the diocese of St. David's,
may properly be added to that of Llandaff; as well as those
parts of the counties of Monmouth and Brecon which are
specified in our first Report.
With respect to the proposed transfer of certain parishes in
the county of Surrey from the diocese of Winchester to that
of London, the advantages which will result from placing the
metropolis and the suburban parishes under one' jurisdiction,
appear to us to outweigh any inconvenience which can be ap-
prehended from this arrangement.
We are of opinion also, that the bishopric of Sodoe and Man
may, without inconvenience, be united to that of Carlisle, as
the Isle of Man contains only eighteen parisl, over which
ho • has a le income,

Minor objections have been made to other parts of the pro-
posed territorial division of dioCeses, which it is not necessary
now to specify ; for, with regard to this, and indeed to most of
the measures which, in the discharge of our duty, we have re=
commended, or may have to recommend, to your Majesty, it
will be requisite, for the purpose of carrying them fully into
effect, that permanent authority should be vested in some
persons, to be named in any Act of Parliament which may be
passed for sanctioning those measures, who may be capable of
inquiring into details more fully than would be convenient for
your Majesty in Council, with whom, we apprehend, the ulti-
mate sanction will rest.
The new division of dioceses will render necessary a corre-
sponding change in the arrangement of archdeaconries. We
have annexed a scheme, which supposes the erection of six
additional archdeaconries, and which will involve the necessity
of a change in the territorial limits of dome already existing.
Jurisdiction should also be given to such of the archdeacons
as are at present merely nominal officers.
We have said nothing respecting the future arrangement of
rural deaneries, conceiving that it will be most advantageously
settled by the bishops of the several dioceses, power being
given them for that purpose ; but it is proper to remark, that
if the rural deans are to be efficient officers, as we think they
ought to be, it will be desirable that they should receive some
small annual payments, sufficient to defray the expenses in-
curred by them in their visitations.
With respect to the time at which the proposed territorial
changes shall take place, some may be effected immediately,
with the consent of the bishops concerned;, others, as for in-
stance those which relate to the formation of the two new dio-
ceses, cannot be effected, except as particular vacancies shall
occur, nor until the funds necessary for carrying them into
execution shall become available. This brings us to the second
head of the Report, viz.--
REVENUE.

The tables of the episcopal incomes already. published hav-
ing been framed upon an average resulting from the receipts
of the three years ending with the year 1831, and from the
statements of the respective bishops as to the probable future
receipts, we have thought it expedient to apply for returns of
the actual incomes of the several sees, during each of the seven
years ending with the year 1835 ; for the purpose of enabling
us to form a more correct estimate. At present our calcula-
tions are necessarily grounded upon the tables published in our
first Report ; according to which, the average annual revenue
of all the sees will be about 148,8751. ; a sum sufficient to
provide incomes for all the bishops, including those of the two
new sees, without the addition of any preferment in contmen-
dams and thus to accomplish one of the objects recommended
by your Majesty to our consideration.
But the, peculiar manner of leasing the episcopal estates,
throws great difficulties in the way of carrying into effect the
arrangement suggested in our first. Report.
If the estates were let at rack rent, so that each bishop
might receive, every year, about that which is stated to be his
average annual income, it would be easy, upon the occurrence
of a vacancy in one of the richer sees, to require the future
bishop to pay a certain annual sum towards the augmentation
of the poorer sees. But the great variation which occurs in
the (~' .1 incomes from year to year, according as a
amount of fines is received, presents an obvious

greater or iez:

difficulty.
One mode of rendering those incomes less uncertain would
be, to allow the existing leases; both for lives and for terms of
years, to expire. But any plan for accomplishing this object
must involve the necessity of borrowing money upon the secu-
rity of the episcopal estates, in order to compensate the bishops
for the loss of the fines which accrue to them under the pre-
sent system, and which" form an important part of their in-
comes. The practical result of such an operation would be,
to transfer to the parties lending their money, that interest
in tie episcopal estates which is now possessed by the les-
sees. We are not, therefore, prepared to recommend the
adoption of any general measure, for allowing the leases for
lives and terms of years to expire : although, for the purpose
,_of correcting, in some degree, the inconvenience now aris-
ing from the great variations in the annual amount of the epis-
copal incomes, we recommend that facilities should be af-
forded for the conversion of leases for lives into leases for

terms of years. '
In order to give a clearer vie* of the financial .part of the
subject, we subjoin a statement showing the present amount
of the incomes of the larger Sees, and the reduction vyhicit it
is proposed to make in them :
Estimated Income
Future pr
according to theopo,e,tl .
P.,sces:!:
First Report.
Income. -
Cantertury £17,000 . £15,00&r £2,000
London 12,200 10,000 2,200
Durham 17,800 8,000 9,800
Winchester
Ely ll,OOO • 5,500 5,500
Worcester
St. Asaph - 5,200
Bangor

.R 84,200

i,20(

e 55,700

3,8 u;(

i 28,500

This reduction, when carried into effect, n iii famish pu-
nish annually a sum of 28,5001., to which is to be added the
income of the see of Bristol, amounting to 2,300/. The total
sum thus obtained, of 30,8001., being divided amongst the
thirteen bishoprics, which require an addition to their present
revenues, and the two new sees will provide an income for
each, varying from 4;0001. to 5,0001 per annum, according to
the circumstances of the different sees. The sums to be ap-
portioned to each cannot be determined, till we shall have re•
ceived the returns above referred to. In the sees of York,
Bath and Wells, Norwich, and Salisbury, we do not propose to
make any alteration.
We are also of opinion, looking to the variable nature of the
episcopal incomes, that for the purpose of insuring the regular
payments of the sums which may be allotted to the poorer sees,
may be expedient to provide a fund, by allowing the sums
which are to be deducted from the incomes of the richer
bishoprics to accumulate for a certain time.
Before we quit the consideration of the financial part of the
inquiry, we will briefly allude to another mode, by which
something may be done towards diminishing the present un-
certainty of the episcopal incomes.
Although we cannot recommend the adoption of any mea-
sure for the general sale of the reversions of the episcopal
estates, yet there are estates belonging to some sees, of which
the reversions may, perhaps, be advantageously sold. Such
sales can now be effected only under the authority of an Act
of Parliament ; we evould therefore suggest the expediency
of giving power to effect them, under certain restrictions,
and with the consent of the, body to which we have already
referred. The produce of such sales mity constitute a fund,
out of which the Bishop may receive compensation, either
for foregoing a fine, in order to facilitate the conversion of
a lease for lives into one for a term of years, or for waving
his right of grahting a concurrent lease, when a lessee will
not renew.
With respect to the Bishopric of Durham, we have been
informed by Viscount Melbourne that your Majesty has been
pleased to approve of a plan for detaching from that see its
I i'alatine jurisdiction, and for placing the,county of Durham on
the same footing, as to secular affairs, with the other English
counties. We beg leave respectfully to state our entire con-
currence in the propriety of that arrangement, which we our.
selves had intended to suggest in this Report.
Considering that the Bishop of Durham will thus be relieved
from the expenses incident to the secular jurisdiction in ques-
tion, we have proposed a larger reduction in the income of that
see than we should otherwise have been prepared to recom-
mend. If this arrangement should be carried into effect, it
may be desirable that the Bishop of Durham should be re-
lieved from the heavy charge of maintaining and keeping in re-
pair the castle of Durham, which may conveniently be appro-
priated to the uses of the University, apartments being re-
served for the Bishop.
It is probable that in consequence of these changes, the
excess of income, above 8,0001. per annum, which has been
proposed as the future income of the See of Durhani, will be
larger than has been stated in the foregoing table.
We beg leave further to recommend, that the temporal ju-
risdiction which the Archbishop of York possesses in various
parts of the counties of York and Nottingham, and that which
the Bishop of Ely possesses within the isle of Ely, should be
detached from those sees ; and that the districts comprised
within those jurisdictions, should be merged in the counties in
which they are respectively situate.
It will be necessary to provide residences for the Bishops of
Manchester, Ripon, Lincoln, Llandaff, and Rochester. The
mode of doing this should, in our opinion, be left to the deter-
mination of whatever body• may be appointed to carry into
effect the measures recommended in our Reports. A suitable
residence may probably be provided for the Bishop of Roches-
ter, either in Essex or Hertfordshire, by the sale or exchange
of his present residence.
In further obedience of your Majesty's commands, we have
diligently applied ourselves "to consider the state of the Ca-
thedral and Collegiate Churches in England and Wales, with
a view to the suggestion of such measures as may render them
conducive to the efficiency of the Established Church, and to
devise the best mode of providing for the cure of souls, with
special reference to the residence of the Clergy_on their re-
spective benefices."
In approaching this branch of the inquiry, we think it im-
portant to explain the principles upon which we have pro-
ceeded. In order to give increased efficiency and usefulness
to the Established Church, it is obviously necessary that we
should attempt the accomplishment of two objects, which are
indispensable to the complete attainment of that end. One
is, to improve the condition of those benefices, the population
of which is of considerable amount, but which are now so
scantily endowed as not to yield a competent maintenance for
a clergyman ; the other is, to add to the numbers of clergy.
men and churches, and so to make a more adequate provision
for the religious instruction of a rapidly increased and in-

creasing population.
It appears, from the Report of the Ecclesiastical Revenues
Commission, that there are no less than 3,528 benefices under
1501. per annum. Of this number 13 contain each a popula-
tion of more than 10,000 ; 51 a population of from 5,000 to
10,000 ; 251 a population of between 2,000 and 5,000 ; and
1,125 have each a population of between 500 and 2,000.
On every one of these benefices it is desirable that there should
b e a resident clergyman ; but unless their value be augmented
it will in many cases be impossible to secure this advantage.
The necessity of such augmentation will be greatly increased
by the changes which we are about to recommend in the laws
relating to pluralities and residence. The means which can
be applied to effect the improvement are very far short of the
amount required. Even were no addition to be made to the
income of benefices having a population below 500, it would
take no less a sum than 23X,000/. per annum, to raise all be-
nefices having a population of between 500 and 2,000 to the an-
nual value of 2001. ; those having a population of 2,000 and up-
wards, to 300/. ; and those having 5,000 and upwards, to 400 per
annum. Of the benefices, included in this enumeration, there
are 1,052 in private patronage, and 1,258 in public patronage ;
the latter of which are, in the first instance, the preferable ob-
jects of assistance from the funds which we propose to render

available to the purposes of augmentation; and these funds
will be very far from adequate to the improvement even of this
class of preferments.
We think it necessary here to remark, that in stating the
sum which would be required to augment all benefices of a
certain population and income, according to a supposed scale,
we have chiefly in view the propriety of laying before your
Majesy some facts, which may serve to illustrate, though by
no means to give a complete view of, the wants of the paro-
chial clergy; and we are far from intending that an inference
should be drawn from this statement as to our opinion respect-
ing the best mode of distributing the sum, whatever it may
be, which will be derived from the adoption of the proposi-
tions which we are about to offer.

The question as to the general principles of distribution re-
quires the most serious consideration, and much additional
inquiry ; and we must reserve, for the present, any distinct
recommendation to your Majesty.
The most prominent, however, of those defects, which
cripple the energies of the Established Church, and circum-
scribe its usefulness, is the want of churches and ministers in
the large towns and populous districts of the kingdom. The
growth of the population has been so rapid as to.outrun the
means possessed by the establishment of meeting its spiritual
wants ; and the result has been, that a vast proportion of the
people are left destitute of the opportunities of public worship
and Christian instruction, even when every allowance is made
for the exertions of those religious bodies which. are not in
connection with the Establiihed Church.

It-is not necessary in thi3 report to enter into all.the details
by which the truth of this assertion might be proved. It will
be sufficient to state the following facts as examples. Lookinc,
to those parishes only which contain each a population exceed-
ing 10,000, we find that in London and its suburbs, including
the parishes on either bank of the Thames, there are four
parishes or districts, each having a population exceeding
20,000, and containing an aggregate of 166,000 persons, with
church-room for 8,200 (not quite 1-20th of the whole), and
only eleven clergy Men.
There are twenty-one other 3, tlie aggregate population of
which is 739,000 while the church-room is fCr 66,155 (not
1-10th of the whole), and only forty-five clergymen.
There are nine others, with an aggregate population of
232,000, end church-room for 27,327 (not 1-Bth of the
whole),.and culy nineteen clergymen.
The entire population of these thirty-four 'parishes amounts
to 1,137,000, while there is church-room only for 101,682.

Supposing that church-room is required for one third, there
ought to be sittings for 379,000 persons. There is, therefore,
a deficiency of 277,318 sittings : or, if we allow 25,000 for the
number of sittings in proprietary chapels, the deficiency will be
252,318.
Allowing one church for a pcpultio'n of 3,000, there would
be required, in these parishes; 379 churches, whereas there
are in fiat only 69, or if proprietary chapels be added, about
100, leaving a deficiency of 279, while there are only 139 cler-
gymen in a population exceeding a million.
In the diocese of Chester, there are thirty-eight parishes or
districts in Lancashire, each with a population exceeding
10,000, containing an aggregate of. 816,000 souls, with
church-room for 97,000, or about 1-Bth, the proportions
varying in the different parishes from one-sixth to one twenty-
third.

In the diocese of York there are twenty parishes or dis-
tricts, each with a population exceeding 10,000, and with an
aggregate of 402,000, while the church accommodation is
for 48,000, the proportions varying from one-sixth to one-
thirtieth.

In the dioces:. of Lichfield and Coventry, there are sixteen
parishes, or districts, each having a population above 10,000
—the aggregate being 235,000, with Church-room for about
29,000—the proportions varying, from one-sixth to one-
fourteenth.
_ _ _

But a comparison between the amount of population and that
of Church-room will not furnish by itself an accurate view of
the provision which is made for the spiritual wants of the
people ; because many of the -chapels, which contribute to swell
the amount of Church-room, have no particular districts as-
signnd to them ; and we consider the assignment of a district
h church chapel, to be necessary to the end of pastoral

to on_ .or _ pet, necessary P'
instruction, alti to carrying into full effect the parochial econo-
my of tit° Established Church.

The evils which flow from this deficiency in the mean 3 of
religions instruction .and paStoral superintendence, greatly
outweigh all other inconveniences resulting from any defects
or anomalies in our ecclesiastical institutions ; and it x;nfortn-
nately happens, that, while these evils are the most urgent of
all, and most require the application of an effectual remedy,
they are precisely those for which a remedy can be least easily
found.

The resources which the - Established Church possesses, and
which can properly be made available to that purpose,
in whatever way they may be husbanded or distributed, are
evidently quite inadequate to the exigency of the case ; and all
that we can hope to do is, gradually to diminish-the intensity

of the evil.

Mach imleed has already been done towards this end, partly
by s.-.r; application of the first fruits and tenths, gralited by
Queen Anne for the augmentation of benefices; partly by the
aid of liberal Parliamentary grants for the same purpos'
partly by the exertions of individual beneficence. The sums
of money ated by Parliameat and administered by the com-
missioners for building and promoting the building of addi-
tional churches and chapels, have been met by a large amount
of subscriptions and parochial contributions in the more popu-
lous parts of the country ; and the result is, that there have
been erected 212 additional churches dud chapels, and that
sittings have been thus provided for 283,555 persons, of which
155,935 are free and unappropriated.
The incorporated society for promoting the enlargement,
building, and repairing of churches and chapels, by the ex-
penditure of 196,7701., raised entirely by private subscription,
and expended principally in tha enlargement of churches and
chapels previously existing, has occasioned the outlay of at
least 900,000/,, on the part of those who have received assist-
ance from it; and additional sittings in churches have been
provided for 307,314 persons, of which 222,248 are free and
unapprol:ri.ited. In addition to these efforts, many churches
have been built and endowed by pious and liberal individuals.
Upon the whole we rnay state, that within the last 20 years,
additional church-room has been secured for at least GOO,OOO
persons, and same hundreds of additional clergymen have
been stationed in populous districts, which were before des-
titute of the advantage of pastoral care and instruction. But
all that has been hitherto done, in this way, falls very short of
the necessity of the case.
We have entered upon the inquiry, which relates to cathe-
dral and collegiate churches, under a strong impression that if
the endowments of those bodies should appear to be larger
than-is requisite for the purposes of their institution, and for
maintaining them in such a state of efficiency and respecta-
bility, as may enable them fully to carry those purposes into
effect, the surplus of 'those endowments, whatever it may be,
ought to be made available for the augmentation of poor
benefices containing a large population, and to the great object
of adding to the number of the parochial clergy.
But whatever resources may be obtained, by carrying into
effect the measures which we are prepared to recommend; it
should be borne in mind that as the operation of those mea-
sures must, of necessity, be gradual, so also must be the addi-
tions which will result from them to our existing means. We
are, therefore, desirous of not appearing to encourage any ex-
pectation of a large immediate accession to the funds, which
are now available to the augmentation of poor benefices and
the creation of new ones. It is, however, to, be hoped that
the sacrifices which will be required from the cathedral and
collegiate churches of the country will haVe the effect of sti-
mulating individual benevolence to contribute towards the ac-
complishment of these most important ends.
Having made particular inquiries concerning the constitution
of these several foundations, the establishments maintained in
each, the revenues of the corporations, and of their individual
members, and the disposition of their corporate funds, we
are now prepared to recommend such measures, as will, in our
opinion, leave a sufficient provision for the proper performance
of the services of the churches, for the continual reparation
and maintenance of the fabrics, and for the other objects con-
templated by the founders; and at the same time allow the ap-
plication of a considerable portion of their revenues, to the
purpose of making additional provision for the cure of souls in
parishes where such assistance is most required.
We find a material variety, both in the constitution of these
establishments, and in the amount and disposition of their
respective revenues. For the purposes of this report, it will
be convenient to divide the cathedral chapters into two classes,
between which there exists a marked line of distinction. First,
the deans and chapters of the old foundation; secondly, those
,of the new foundation. _ _ _ _

e ; and

The former term comprehends all those cathedral establish-
ments which were founded at different periods before the reign
of King Henry VIII. ; the latter, those which were founded
by letters patent from the Crown, confirmed by Parliament,
about the time of the Reformation. The establishments of
the old foundation, though some of them possess codes of
statutes, granted at different periods, yet appear to be go-
verned principally by the domestic enactments of the bodies
themselves, and by customs, the origin of which cannot al-
ways be discovered. Those of the new foundation are, for
the most part, governed by statutes, which were granted by the
Crown, and subsequently ratified by Parliament. In the enact-
ments of these statutes there is a great similarity, and fre-
quently an identity.
The principal distinctions between the two foundations,
which bear upon the subjects of the present report, are these :
the old comprise, not only the deans and canons residentiary,
who compose the chapters of each, but various other preben-
daries, who are not required to keep any residence at the cathe-
dral, nor to perform any other duty, except that of preaching
one or two sermons in each year. The dean and each of the
residentiaries has, besides a separate endowment and a small
fixed stipend, a share of that portion of the corporate revenues
which remains after the payment of those stipends and other
general expenses. Of this portion, which is called dividend,
the dean receives no larger a share than any other member of
the chapter ; except at Lichfield, where a different scale of
division is prescribed by a local Act of Parliament. The pre-•
bendaries, who are not residentiaries, have no share of the cor-
porate revenues, except in some cases, small fixed payments,
but in most instances possess each a separate endowment.
In the chapters of the new foundation, on the contrary,
here are no prebendaries besides the residentiaries ; and ex-
cept at Durham and Ely, they have no separate estates. The
dean, independently of statutable allowances, upon a materially
larger scale than those of the prebendaries, receives on the
division of fines a twofold share.
The cathedral and collegiate churches of the dioceses in the
principality of \Vales are, in some respects, so peculiarly cir-
cumstanced as to require that they should be treated in a some-
what different manner from the other cathedral and collegiate
churches, although without departing from the main principles
laid down in this Report.
The churches to which the measures now about to be re-
commended will apply are—
Of the old foundation—The cathedrals of York, London,

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Chichester, Exeter, Hereford, Lichfield, Lincoltti-7,

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and Wells ; and St. George's chapel at Windsor.
Of the new—The cathedrals of Canterbury,
Winchester, Bristol, Carlisle, Chester, Ely, Glo;
Norwich, Oxford, Peterborough, Rochester, and Worcestii;
and the collegiate church of Westminster.
In all these churches the daily performance of the choral
services is maintained out of the revenues of the dean and
chapter; who also, in most instances, sustain and repair the
fabric ; and many of these bodies have of late years devoted
very large sums out of those revenues to the reparation and
improvement of the buildings intrusted to their care.
The advantages resulting to the interests of religion from
the existence of this species of preferment, when conferred on
clergymen distinguished for professional merit, as well as the
benefits accruing to the cities in which the cathedrals are
situate, from the residence of such a description of clergy, are
too obvious to require illustration. Rut we are of opinion that
the most important objects of these institutions may be secured
and continued consistently with a reduction of the present
cathedral preferments, and the appropriation of a considerable
portion of the revenues towards making a better pfovision for

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the cure of souls. -
With these views we humbly recommend that no nevi
pointments shall in future be made to any of the stalls ofthe
old foundation, which are not residentiary with the exception
of some, the income of which is little more than nominal, and
which perhaps it may be deemed expedient to retain, as marks
of distinction to be bestowed on deserving clergymen As
these stalls shall respectively become vacant, the proceeds of
the estates or tithes with which they are endowed may conve-
niently be received by the treasurer of Queen Anne's bounty,
and dealt with according to the provisions of the Act passed
in the last session*, until it shall have been determined what
final arrangement shall be made.
The number of prebends affected by this recommendation is
about 368. In a few cases, the income is regulated by some
local custom or statute ; but the greater part are endowed with

a separate property under a lease, either for twenty-one years,
or (as more frequently happens) for three lives.
We also recommend, that the proceeds of estates with which
the deans and residentiaries of the old foundation, and those of
Durham and Ely, are endowed, separately from the corporate
property of the chapters, should, as vacancies shall occur,
be received and dealt with in the same manner as is proposed
with regard to the property attached to the prebends last
mentioned. _ _ _

We further recommend that the chapter, in each of the
churches enumerated, both of the old and new foundation,
should consist hereafter of. a dean and four cartons, the estab-
lishment at present actually existing in the cathedrals of
York, Chichester. and .Carlisle; that one, at least, of these
canonries, where they may be in the patronage of the Bishop,
should be made available towards a better provision for the
office of archdeacon ; that until the existing chapter shall
be reduced to the proposed number,
_ no new election nor ap-
pointments take place ; and that the income resulting from
stipends, dividends, or other sources, which would have been
payable 'to each residentiary exceeding the number of four,
should, as the stalls become vacant, be paid by the chapter
clerk to the treasurer of Queen Anne's Bounty, as in the case
of the separate estates.
We are of opinion that an exception to this rule might with
propriety be made in the case of Chester, where the income of
each of the six prebendaries does not exceed 125/. on an ave-
rage of the last seven years. We recommend that the income
of two prebendal stalls, as they become vacant, should go to
increase that of the dean and the other four canons, which will
oven then be very small, in reference to their station, and the
duties required of them.
In the cathedrals of York and Lichfield, if the dignitaries be
divested of all separate endowments, the corporate property
till not be adequate to the proper support of a dean and four
cannons. We recommend, therefore, that in these two cases,
part of the separate endowments shall be added to the general
funds of the respective corporations.
In the cathedrals of St. Paul and of Lincoln, the present
number of canons residentiary is only three ; out of whose
revenues we recommend that provision be made for the arch-
deacons of the diocesses of London and Lincoln respec-
tively ; one of whom, in each of those diocesses, should have
a place in the chapter, which will then consist of a dean and
four canons.
The chapter of Christchurch being connected, not only
with the duties of the Cathedral, but also with the govern-
ment of the largest college in the University of Oxford, and
two of the stalls being annexed, by Act of Parliament, to the
Regius Professorships of Divinity and Hebrew, it may, per-
haps be advisable that the number of canons should be six ;
that one of the stalls should be annexed to the Lady Marga-
ret's Professorship of Divinity, which is at present endowed
with one of the stalls at WOreester; and that this latter stall
should be separated from the Professorship, and revert to your
Majesty's patronage.
With respect to some of the better endowed canonries, which
will remain in four or five of the cathedrals, we are of opinion
that they may be advantageously connected with the parochial
charge of populous districts. The method of effecting this,
we rbserve for our future consideration ; it being necessary to
examine carefully. the case of each cithedral, with reference
to its revenues and local circumstances. _ _ _

The dean and canons of Durham, when divested of their se-
parate estates, will still be in the receipt of incomes consider-
ably larger than those of any other cathedral body ; and we are
of opinion, that a portion of their revenues may properly be
applied towards the important object of maintaining in a state
of respectability and efficiency the University of Durham ; for
the establishment of which the present dean and chapter have
already- made a considerable sacrifice.
In the cathedrals of Lincoln, Lichfield, Exeter, and Salis-
bury, there are prebends, not residentiary, the whole or part
of the revenues of which belong to the bishops of the re-
spective dioceses, and, in the account presented to your Ma-
jesty in our first Report, have been reckoned as a part of the
Episcopal revenues. We think it advisable that these en-
dowments should be permanently annexed to the respective
sees.

We are of opinion that the term of residence of each dean,
hereafter to be appointed, should be nine months, and of each
canon three months. It is obvious that it will become neces-
sary to make some alterations in those statutes of the respective
churches by which the turns and periods of residence are re-
gulated.
At present, as we have before stated, the deans of all the
cathedrals upon the old foundation, except Lichfield, receive
shares of the Corporate funds equal only to those of the ca-
nons ; but from the superior value of their separate endow-
ments, the aggregate of their emoluments considerably exceeds
that of any other member of the chapter. As it is now pro-
posed that these separate endowments shall be disunited from
the deaneries, we recommend that in future each of the deans
of the old foundation should have, like those of the new, a
share in each dividend double that of the cation ; such a dif-
ference being required by his higher rank, greater expenses,
and longer residence.
By a custom prevailing in most of tile cathedrals of the old
foundation, the residentiaries arc elected by the chapter from
among the other prebendaries, who are in all cases appointed.
by the bishop. We recommend that henceforth the appoint-
ments of the residentiaries be made directly by the bishop,
except in the case of the cathedral church of St. Paul, where
we think that three canonries should he in the direct nomina-
tion of the Crown, and the fourth, which will be connected
with the office of archdeacon, in the patronage of the bishop.
If the recommendation contained in our first Report to
your Majesty for the erection of two new sees be adopted, the
two collegiate churches of Manchester and Ripon may be made
the cathedrals of those sees. At Manchester the establish-
ment is already so similar to that proposed for the cathedrals
of the new foundation, that little change will be required, be-
sides the alteration of titles, from warden and fellows to dean
and canons.
At Ripon there arc a dean, .s. sub-dean, and six other preben-
daries ; but the dean alone appears to have kept any regular
residence. The revenues of this church are of so small amount,
that it may perhaps be expedient to make an arrangement,
with respect to the prebends, different from that which is re-
commended for the other cathedrals.
The Dean of Windsor receives no larger share in the divi-
sion of corporate revenues than a canon; but his income is
increased by the deanery of the collegiate church of Wolver-
hampton, a prebend in the same church, and the living of
Haseley, in the diocese of Oxford, all of which are annexed
to his deanery. We recommend that, upon the first vacancy,
the living of Haseley should be severed from the deanery ;
and that the dean should in future receive a double share of
dividend, as in the other chapters. The deanery and prebend
of Wolverhampton will, according to the principles of this
Report, be separated from the deanery of Windsor after the
present incumbency; and we arc of opinion that their endow-
ments cannot be better employed than towards increasing the
very slender provision which now exists for the pastoral care
of that populous district.
The small endowments belonging to the collegiate esta-
blishments of Heytesbury and Middleham should, we think,
be applied to the purpose of providing for the parochial
clergy, in the places with which those establishments are
connected.
The circumstances of the collegiate church of Southwell
differ essentially from those of any other which has come un-
der our consideration : the choral service is there performed
twice daily_; there is no dean ; but there are sixteen preben-
daries, each of whom is resident but three months in a cycle
of four years. All of these, besides their share of the corpo-
rate funds, have separate estates, which would appear, from
the reserved rents, to differ considerably in value. The gross
average of the corporate revenue is about 2,2001., from which
an establishment is maintained as large as that of tome cathe-
drals. The surplus income is divided among the four resi-
dentiaries of the year. Each has received about 2001. on ac-
count of stipend and dividend. We think that this chapter
deserves separate consideration, according to its own peculiar
circumstances ; but our present opinion is, that the archdeacon
of Nottingham should be the head of the church, and rector of
the parish, with one assistant minister ; that the vicarage should
be better endowed ; and that there should be two vicars cho-
ral ; and that the separate estates should be dealt with as in
the case of the cathedrals of the old foundation.
We
ttaken r intoprovision
v isi
n
present
e s considerationent
mtha
the
important nature of
de for the great majo-
the duties belonging to the office of archdeacon, and the ina-
dequacy haveof
rity of these officers, the number of whom we have proposed
will be imposed
by increase, and upon whom additional labour d
by the regulations which we are prepared to recommend. Their
remuneration arises principally from small payments made to
them at their visitations, under the name of procurations, the
amount of. which is the same
as it was several centuries ago.
The total of their emoluments is, in most cases, not adequate
to defray the necessary toxpences even of their,ordinary visita-
tions, still less those of their/parochial circuits, the regular
* Five and 6 Wm. IV. c. SD, for protecting the revenues of
vacant ecclesiastical dignities, prebends, canonries, and benefices
without cure of souls, and for preventing the lapse thereof, during
the rending inquiries respecting the state of the Established Church
in Lngland and Wales.

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