The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-24 00:00:00

NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.

Meat of all kinds was in fair supply, and the demand good.
Prices are unaltered. Nearly all was sold. Beef, 2s. Bd.
to 3s. Bd. ; Mutton, 23. Bd. to 33. Bd. ; Veal, 35. 6d. to
4s. 6d. ; Lamb, 4s. 4d. to as. ; Pork, 33. Bd. to 4s. Bd. ;
Irish, 3s. to 3s. 6d. Poultry and Game in large supply, but
the demand heavy, and prices unaltered. The following are
the quotations of each, and not per couple or per pair :-
Rabbits, ls. to Is. Id. ; Geese, 4s. Bd. to 6s. 6d. ; Grouse,
2s. to 3s. ; Black Game, 3s. to 4s. ; Pigeons, 3d. to 6d. ;
Partridges, Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. ; Chickens, Is. to is. 6d. ;
Pheasants, 2s. 6.1. to 4s. ; Ducks, Is. 6d. to 2s. ; Hares, 3s.
to 3s. 6d. ; Leverets, Is. Bd. to 2s. 6d. ; Eggs, 6s. to 7s. 6d.
per 120.

BILLINGSGATE MARKET.
Supplies scanty, and prices in proportion. Turbot, 6s.
and 7s. to 255. Soles, 9d. to 2s. 6d. per pair. Lobsters, Is.
to 3s. each. Cod, 2s. and 3s. to 12s. and 14s. each. Mac..
karel, 4d. to Bd. each. Whiting, 3d. to 6d. each. Haddock,
4d. to Sd. and 10d. each.
HOP MARKET.
The market continues dull, and nothing is doing, except in
choice descriptions, which are firm in price. Inferior sorts
are merely nominal. The duty is not yet fixed.
PROVISION MARKET.
Stocks are now rather low. The season for Dutch Butter
is over. The quotation of fine Irish is 945. Bacon is quiet
at 50s. for prime. Cheese dull. Prices of all kinds of pro-
visions are unvaried, and but a moderate business is doing.
TOBACCO MARKET.
This market continues in a state of excitement, and prices
are high, owing to unfavourable accounts of the crops. Very
little business is doing, and the quotations are from 3d. to
2s. 6d. per lb., and fine coloured 3s. 6d. Havannah Cigars
are at the very high prices of 12s. to 18s. per lb.

- ... .
OIL MARKET.
There is no variation in prices, and but a moderate business
passing. Cod and Pale Seal are quoted at 541. to 551. No
Sperm in the market. Southern is quoted at from 211. to
40/ , according to quality. Linseed 011 is worth 255. 6d. ;
and Rape is 40s. for brown, and 41s. for pale.
TALLOW MARKET.
P. Y. C. is 555. 6d. on the spot, with but very little doing.
CONCLUSION OF THE INDIGO QUARTERLY

SALE.
The sale is over. Out of 11,000 chests which have passed
we should say that above three-fourths have sold. It has been
a good sale for the sellers. Prices have established them-
selves 3d. to 6d. per lb. higher fur the good and fine sorts
than last sale, and last sale's quotations for all other kinds.
TEA SALE —(THIS DAY.)
There was nothing whatever fresh developed by the progress
of the sale to-day from what we have previously reported.
The number of packages sshich have passed is appr, aching to
200,000. Speaking roundly, we may say that full halt has
sold. It is questionable whether the sale will conclude this
week.

COLONIAL MARKETS.
This market is now very steady, bordering
prices continue uniform witßhprirlus quotations."lq,ihtieetp,ubanlide
Sonar goes steadily at the
e 5. .to 51s. 1.
sales are few and light.
rates quoted yesterday. Brown, 4
to 58s. ; and Fine, 645. Nothing
Refined Sugar,
; Fellows, 525.
except a small business amongst the ofTrog in
mceTp.irit at frown 58s.
of 122 bbd?. of Barbadoes sold wpi., some spirit
middling and
A public sale
to 655. Coffee, 196 casks B.
princ►pally
107 s to 118 s., which
good middling, sold at prices varying
partlyoisdold at about
are former rates. 1,000 bags Brazil
public
at
40s. to 40s. 6d. Saltpetre-3,000 baz
Sugar
of
about 245. 6d. to 265. These were all the
11),140
Colonial produce. The stock of British Plantation"' is
Mauritius 64,859
42,373 hhds. and trs. and 2,529
Mauritius Bengal,
bags ; Manilla, 62,536 bags ;
Havannah, 17,816 boxes. The stock of iritish Plantation
Coffee is 4,356 casks and 4,790 brls. and hags; Ceylon,
7,988 bags ; Mocha, 2,789 bales ; Brazil, 42,772 bags ; and
St. Domingo, 12,882 bags. For tomorrow we have public
sales of 130 casks British Plantation Coffee, 289 bags
Grenada Cocoa, 384 bags Saltpetre, and some small parcels
of Ginger and Pimento. The imports are increasing and have
become considerable.
_ _

-------
The General Steam Navigation Company's packet,
the John Bull from Hamburgh arrived of the Custom-bouse,
yesterday morning, and the Britannia from Hamburt,Th.
W e are sorry to learn that recent accounts from the
North and West Highland herring fisheries report very un-
favourably both as to the quantity and quality of the fish
taken. This present month's fishing is looked forward to with
great anxiety, and if it prove unfavourable, salt herrings will be
.
dear in price and bad quality.—Edinburgh Courant.
Yesterday morning, a shoemaker of the name of
'Bl'llwain fell from a window in the Back Wynd, three stairs
up, when his skull was so dreadfully fractured that be died
nstantly.—Glasg ow Herald.

LONDON :
WEDNESDAY EVENING. OCTOBER 24, 183 d.

The real question for the community to consider in
relation to the price of producing corn, is, as we have

a:ready stated, whether it require more labour to pro-
duce it here, in the actual circumstances of our popu-

lation, than in other countries. All other elements
of price than labour may, and must be excluded, in
order to come to a correct decision ; because there is
no one of them, such as taxation, wages, capital,

which is not enhanced by the Corn-laws ; and it is

a monstrous piece of folly for the suffering people to
conclude, from the high money p► ice of corn, caused
by the Corn-laws, that corn cannot be grown as
cheaply in this country as in America or Poland. It
serves the purpose of the landlords, who plunder us by
law, to make such an assertion ; but the people must
be gulls, who deserve to be plucked, if they believe and
adopt it.
Corn is as much a manufacture as a piece of bleached
linen. Sunshine and rain help to perfect both, but
both are the produce of art. The natural origin of

wheat is not known, and the grain itself is said to be
the result of cultivation. All the countries of Europe

now possess this artificial seed, and are on a par on
that point. In estimating, however, the cost of pro-
ducing corn here, this circumstance ought not to be
forgotten, because it shows that our greedy landlords,

in demanding protection for their peculiar industry,
actually require us to reward them for the discoveries,

inventions, and improvements of such remote ages that
the authors of them are not known. The modern use
of spring wheat, and of various other kinds of wheat,
show that on this point the manufacture of corn is yet
susceptible of much improvement, and would un-
doubtedly be improved by the competition which the
ignorant landlords dread and shut out. But being
now in possession of this artificial seed, to produce an
annual crop, it is necessary that the land should be
cleared of all other vegetable productions, that it should
be ploughed, and drained, and sowed ; and that
the wheat should be cut. and gathered in. If

e soil be encumbered with trees, as in North

America they must be rooted out. If covered wit
stones, as is a large part of Poland and the north o
Germany, they must be removed. If swampy, or ful
of pools, or quite flat, means must be taken to carry
the water off the surface. Now the greater part of the
surface of England has already had most of these
operations performed on it, and performed to a greater
extent than most other countries. The particular con-
sequence of this, to which attention ought to be
directed, is that each of these operations facilitates
future cultivation, not only of the land where it is per-
formed, but of neighbouring land. When trees are
once removed they do not grow again ; the land
drained one year does not require it the next ; and a
surface once ploughed requires less labour to plough
it the next year. When all these things have been
done for one field, the corn which is grown on it in all
subsequent years requires less labour to produce it ; and
costing less labour, those who consume it may perform
the same operations for other land at a less cost. Thus
if it cost in the first instance ten days' labour to pro-
duce a bushel of wheat, and after the land was cleared
only one day's labour, there would be nine days'
labour—or a man could be fed for ten days by the
produce of one day—to be employed in clearing a
second field. The extensive cultivation of Eng-
land, therefore, instead of impeding future cultiva-
tion, does in fact make it more advantageous and
more cheap. That extensive cultivation is the
result of our condensed population, which thus
really makes the production of corn cheap instead
of making it dear. Our country is mcre densely
peopled than Poland, is already more cultivated ; it
does not require to have forests removed before corn
can be grown ; and, consequently, however strange it
may appear to those who have all their lives cherished
the opinion that the increase of our population makes
it necessary to employ more labour to feed them, it
really requires less labour to grow corn in England
than in Poland or in America.
Moreover, all the machinery necessary to cultivate
corn here, and bring it to market, is made with less
labour than in Poland ; ploughs, carts, harrows, and
drills, owing to our manufacturing skill, are made
cheaply in England. The labour of making them,
however, forms as much part of the labour of growing
or manufacturing corn as ploughing the ground. But
those who grow corn must be clothed ; and the cost
of their clothing, without which they cannot work, is
a necessary part of the cost of growing corn. Now
the labour required to perfect clothing of all kinds in
England is less than in most other countries ; and
when all these circumstances are duly weighed, and
when to these are added the excellent conveyances we
possess, the abundance of manure which is found, it
will be at once apparent that it requires much less la-
bour to produce corn in the greater part of our well-
peopled country, and bring it to market, than in either
half-peopled Poland or America. We may express
this important truth in opposition to a prevalent theory
in general terms, by saying that as society advances,
less and less labour serves to procure for h the requi-
site u food—a statement which is confirmed
ymed
increasingi number of idlers, and of men en-
gagedti
lse PrY of
in other business, which every progressive
less and less labour is
so-
cietyl on
If
citvetin. utrualley, nourish.
that