The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-26 00:00:00

LEWES SHEEP Fala.—The September sheep fair
was held on Friday, in a field opposite to the site of the
new county gaol and sluth of the Brighton turnpike
Told. The number of sheep penned exceeded 30,000;
there was also a good sprinkle of lean neat stock and
horses, and Sir. Thompson displayed a large collection
of argricultural implements. The fair opened with a
brink demand for all sorts of sheep, but at prices about
twent)-tive per cent, less than last year. This was re-
jected by the flJelt-masters, who were prepared to make
a lar,p, (I,duction, but so great a sacrifice as that re-
quir,d could not be submitted to, and consequently the
lair fltzged up to two o'clock, when some few sales were
eff,cied- Mr. Hananton disposed of two lots of ewes to
Lord Hastings and the Hon. C. C. Cavendish for 345.
A few lots of lambs were alsq i.olLl at 17s. and 18s. Alter
dinner some other sales were mule at the following
races:—Weathers from 265. to: 30 -.; ewes from 1/. to
1/. 14...; 1 Linbs from los. t) 25i., but there was a gene-
rally experienced wh•tt may be ealtel a dull and heavy
sale, arising, from no want of buytrs, but from a seeming determination on thcir part to make no purchase, but
at a irroatly roduc:7'd rate. Thl sale of rams was rather
briAr.—Maidstone Journa'.
TIIE YANKEE —An American has said .of his
countrymen that the genuine 1731,1 tee would not be able
to r,p pie in Heaven it,,elt if he could not tray,-1 west-
ward. He must g.i a-ht-ad. Propheey IT-pli! forward to
the time wlDot the valley of the Mississippi shallove
-
fl ,w with this restbss population, and Europe
to a new migration, ..What do I consrtli be subjecte
bouna-
ries of my country, sir?" exclaimedy consider the
" Why, sir, cn • the east we are bounded by the wining
ri*ing
sun; on the north, by the aurora borealis; on thef_,.west,
by-the procession of the equinoxes; and on the sou vb by
, kthitity of jqztnent,
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♦E

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
TINIES. —The struggle between the Board of
- Health and the formidable phalanx of City guardians
(some 80 or 90 strong) Whom they summoned before
the Lord Mayor last Wednesday, to answer for
neglect of sanitary orders, is virtually this—Shall the
sanitary government of the country be fa- the future
centre or.ocal ? Shall the management of the public
health be confided to a single metropolitan board,
constituted ad hoc, or remain, as heretofore, a branch
ofordinary parochial administration ? The parochial
party and their supporters protest against the cen-
. tralization of sanitary control, first, as an unconstitu-
tional encroachment on the " free-born Briton's
indefeasible right of local self-government ;" and,
secondly, as an "impertinent and unwarrantable
interference" with the sanitary operations already
adopted by the parish officers—operations which, it is
vehemently affirmed, have anticipated by their
promptitude, and surpassed in their success, the dila-
tory measures of the Board of Health. The parish
party are wrong at both points. The whole force of
reason and the whole weight of facts are against them,
as we will endeavour to show. In the first place,
the interests affscted by the jurisdiction to which
they lay claim are not local, but collective. The
management of burial-grounds, slaughter-houses,
and manufactories leaving putrescent residua, con-
cerns the health, not merely of particular neigh-
bourhoods, but of whole cities, and of the entire
kingdom. If the effluvia of St. Saviour's burial-
ground, for example, could be confined within the
boundaries of St. Saviour's parish, so as to infect the
air and the water of the recalcitrant rate-payers
alone, they might perhaps fairly object to be hindered
from cooking those necessary elements to their own
taste—from working up their dead friends as an at-
mospheric condiment, and flavouring their water-
springs with infusion of mortality. So, again, if the
Bermondsey cesspools and black tidal ditches stank
only in Bermondsey nostrils, and fevered no other
than Bermondsey blood, Bermondsey might perhaps
have a right to choose whether its rates should be
laid out in abating these evils, or saved up for subse-
quent expenditure on the widows and orphans of the
cholera-smitten. In like manner the churchwardens
of,St. Bride's or St. Olave's, if backed by their parish-
ioners, have possibly a right to put 5,000 corpses into
as many leaden retorts, called coffins, and to distil
these corpses, through tapholes bored in the lead for
that purpose, into carbonic acid (the choke-damp of
miners), sulphuretted and phosphuretted hydrogen
(the rotten egg gases), and other effluvia of the
same sort ; provided always they can show that these
inevitable residua of the intramural burial trade
fall exclusively to the share of those who enjoy the
profits of the business. Every Briton is cock on his
own dunghill, no doubt ; but on this indispensable
condition—that his dunghill offend no one else's nose.
It; then, it appear that the burial-traders poison their
neighbours as well as themselves, and that parochial
economists, to save themselves a sewer rate, saddle the
whole community with a costly epidemic (costly,
alas ! in more senses than one), it is clear that these
sticklers for freedom practise the very despotism of
which they complaim, and trespass on the rights ?f
others while denouncing the infringement of their
own ; and when, therefore, on looking in any school-
boy's chymical catechism to the chapter on the diffu-
sion of gases, we find it a positive law of nature that
each gas acts like a vacuum to the others, and that
consequently the volatile poisons which issue from
the leaden alembic, of each London graveyard radiate
by an unresi,ted force of expansion throughout the
whole metropolitan atmosphere, we arrive at a
direct scientific refutation of the pretended local
rights set up, and find parochial claims outweighed
by collective rights of paramount importance. So
much for the infringement of local rights and
privileges imputed to the Board of Health. The
charge is not merely untrue—it is the diametrical
opposite of the truth. The accusers are themselves
the culprits; and the Board of Health are but resist.
ink, by the means which the law places at their dis•
1)+331, and with the general approbation of the com-
munity, the unjustifiable encroachments of parochial
trespsac,:ers on the lives and liberties of the public at
large. But the parish party join issue with the Cen-
tral Board on the practical question itself. " The
measures," they say, " which we have taken to pre-
vent epidemics, or to meet them when they come,
have been better than yours—more vigormis, more
timely, more prudent, more efficacious, and, above all,
less exeensive. You tell us to distribute monitory
handbills; we have done it already. - You bid us ap•
point house b house inspectors ; we have a sufficient
medical staff as it is. You order us to empty our
cesspeola, to close our graveyards, to flush our sewers,
and to cleanse our alleys. All this, so far as we
think it necessary awl practicable, we have dune, and
we refuse, at your. bidding, to d more. The mor-
tality in our districts is not above a fair average, nor
beyond what might be reasonably expected during an
epidemic. We are men of business, better acquainted
tha:i you with the necessities of our own poor, and
better qualified to provide for their relief. You, who
pretend to be sanitary reformers, do in reality more
harm then good. Your orders are as insolent in
form as they are frivolous in substance. We repel
your accusati w.s—we despise your censure—
we deny your authority—and we set you
at defiance. Do your worst." Such is
the language of the parish party. Many
simples of it have appeared in our columns in the
shape of letters from the boards of guardians. Lei
us make allowance for its not, perhaps, unnatural
vehemence ; and try, by the test of facts, the alleged
forecast, energy, and skill displayed by the parochial
officers in their sanitary operations. In April, 1847,
when an epidemic typhus broke out, and ravaged the
country wi-h rapidly increasing violence, till at last,
in the autumn, it produced for several weeks fourfold
the ordinary mortality, what measures of sanitary
reform were ad,Ved by the parish officers? What
steps did they take to purge the air of those exhala-
tions vc filch are the recognised vehicle of typhoid
poison ? When, in the eleven weeks from November
20, 1347, to February 5, 1848, there died in London
upwards of 6,000 persons abave the aver.tee number
—an excess greater than the entire mortality produced
by pestilential cholera during the whole 21 weeks of
its prevalence in 1832 —what were the sanitary opera-
tions of the parish officers? What lesson did they
learn from this frightful mortality ? What steps
did they take to secure us against its return ? When
the influenza—that forecast shadow of pestilence.
which preceded the black death in the fourtenth
century, the great plague of London in the seven
teenth, and the first terrible invasion of cholera in
our own day—appeared with terrible significance two
autumns since, and slew in a single month (Decetn-
b ,r) 1,000 of the inhabitants of London, where were
the vaunted energy and sanitary -kill of the parochial
officers ? When, in the following spring, the Asiatic
pestilence itself, following its sure precursor, came
travelling rapidly towards us across the continent,
pursuing its old track, haunting its old lairs—enter-
ing even, in many places, the very same houses
which it attacked before—where were our parochial
strategists ?—what scheme of operations did they
plan while there was yet time to keep the destroyer
from our shores, or to defeat and expel him when he
came ? Tne parochial officers did nothing—abso-
lutely nothing-. They left the graveyards festering—the
cesspools ssething—the barrels of blood steaming in
the undergound shambles—the great mounds of
scotch putrefying in the Bermondsey glue-yards.
They left us all—the poor in his squalor, and the
rich in his fancied security—to be. smitten unawares.
And when at last it came, and the people were
perishing by thousands, and the medical officer urged,
month after month, on the parochial authorities that
the plague could only be combated in the homes of
the poor, by an organized army of preventive in-
spectors, what did the parochial authorities do ?
They rejected the medical officer's counsel—they
scouted his warnings—they even mutilated his
reports; and only in the 15th week of a mortality
unparalled for two centuries, did they consent to the
nomination of the domiciliary inspectors —who, in
their very first round, discovered the corpses of six
persons deal without medical aid. Such has been
the c induct of the men who claim to be entrusted
with the sanitary government of the country. Do
they deserve our confidence ? Shall we support them
in their factious resistance to the lawful authority of
the Board of Health ?

"" LIST OP SCOTTISH COMPANIES' PRICES
Dividend Amount
el- Name of Company. per of I l raid. Price.
Annum. Share.
nd
- -- -- -
g- £ e' d. 4 9. d
I
Bank of Scotland - 179%
16 British Linen Company 81. per cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 204
ad Caledonian Bank
_ City of Glasgow tank
Clydesdale Bank .-•• 6% per cent. 20 0 0i 10 0 0 12%
Commercial Bank - - 71. per cent. 500 0 0 100 0 0 165
Eastern Bank.... -•• 61.
pper cent. 25 0 0 10 0 C 9/. 7s
ss Edinb.t Glasgow Bank 6/. er cent. 5 0 0 5 0 0 1 5%
e, Eaehange Bnk ofScot 4l. per cent. 100 0 0 50 0
0 ' 21% ), Isle of Man. Company 71. per cent. 10 0 0 7 0 0 -
National Bank 6% per cent. 50 0010 0 0 14% Northof Scotland Bank 41. percent. 20 005 0 0 3/.05
North British Bank .. - - - Royal Bank of Scotland 51. per cent. 100 0 0 100 00 -
8 128%
Union Bank of Scotland 81. per cent. 100 0 0 50 0 0 8
' Western Bank.. .. •• •• 71. per cent. 50 0 0 50 0 0 4735k
e Aberdeen Fire and Life 7% Lpr cent. 12 10 0 2 0 6
18. Accord. Lifeand Fire - 20 0 0 010 0 ; 2
British Guarantee Ins. 47. per cent. 10 0 0 1 00'93 6d
Caledonian Fire Insur. 101. per cent. 100 0 0 10 0 0 21
Church of England Ins. - 50 0 0 20 0 -
[ City of Glasgow Life.. 61. per cent. 25 0 0 2 0 0 21. Ti
Edinburgh Life Incur. 61. per cent. 100 0 0 12 10 0 18%
East of Scotland Life.. - 10 0 0 015 0 ; 95.0 d.
Eng. & Scot, Law Life 51. per cent. 50 0 0 217 6
Hercules Insurance Co. 71. per cent. 100 0 0 10 0 0 1 -
basun Co. of Scetind•• Sl. per cent. 100 0 0 10 0 0
Life Assoc. of Scotland 61. per cent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 1 11. 6s
Mercantile Life -- •• 41. per cent. 10 0 0 010 0 3s. 6d.
National Fire and Life 51. per cent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 '2os. 6d
North British Incur... 5341. pr cent. 200 0 0 20 0 0 f 23%
North & West of Scot. 61. per cent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 -
Scottish Life and Guar. -
Scot. 3f as. and Go n. Life 20 0 0 011 0 ' -
0 - i
Scottish Union Inarnee. 6% 15
i
1. pr cent. 20 0 0 I 0 0 ll. 2s Standard Life .....• • • 51. per cent. 50 ( 0 0 4 5 0 I 9% 'I
United Dep. Assurance 51. per cent.
10 0 0 1 0 0 14s.ed
(
riTISCTILLANIGOTIS. I
Name of Company. Dividend Amount I
of paid. Price. E
Annearm. Share. g
C. s. d. A. B. d.
Australian Acrieulturl 11. 100 0 0 30 0 0 16 o
Anglo-Mexican Mint.. 11. 4s. 10 0 0 10 0 0 - y
Ditto, Half Shares.. - - 210 0 -
Canada ......... •• .. 61. per cent. 100 0 0 32 10 0 - P
w
Uppr Canada Bonds 51. percent. - - 89
- 90 /
City Navigation .... - -
Comp. Cppr liars Eng. 51. per cent. 100 0 0 70 0 0 - st
Gen. Revers. & Invest. be, 2/ 100 0 0 100 0 0
Equitable Reversionry 51. pr cont. 100 0 0 100 0 0 104 W_
Gen. Steam Navigation 11. Bs. 15 0 0 14 0 0 - fb
London Institution ... - - 78 15 0 -n(
Russell Institution.... - - 26 5 0
Peninslr& Orient.Stm. al. per cent. 50 0 0 50 0 0 73% re
Reversionary Int. Soc. 4%1. pr cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 90 ab
Royal Mail Steam.... 61 18..4. p. e. 100 0 0 60 0 0 53% of
South Australian..... IL per shwa. 25 0 0 25 0 0 18 Van Dieman'sere
Land.. - 100 0 0; 23 0 0 - '
- cl€

THE NEW NORTHERN SCHOOLS FOR ST. MAR-
TIN'S-IN THE-FIELDS.—These schools, intended to be
built in Castle-street, under the superintendence of Mr.
Wild, will have a frontage of 100 feet ; on the first
floor this length, by 24 feet 6 inches, is divided into two
school-rooms, one for 200 boys and the other for 200
girls ; on the ground-floor there is a school-room for
320 infants—thus making 720 children in all. The
building will be faced with red brick; the arches and
moulding to be rubbed and gauged; the columns and
architrave of the gallery or playground, which extencli
over the top of the whole, are of Caen stone. The style
approximates to the Gothic of the north of Italy. The
amount of the contract entered into by Messrs. Hawat d
and Nixon is 2,4331. The doors are to ba of oak, pa-
nelled and are further to be ornamented with bronze
studs. The sculpture over the doors is only proposed.
From the height of the building and the width of the
street, the roof cannot be seen, and, therefore, forms no
part of the design.—Builder.

AiFLICTING -ACCIDENT.—On Tuesday an inquest
was held at Middleton, on the body of Mary
nine years of age, daughter of a widow who, while -shy-
ing near a cos!-pit belonging to Messrs. Whitehead,
Andrew and Co., the fly wheel or shafting caught-the
clothes of the deceased, and she was injured in a shock-
ing manner about the arms and neck, so that she died
the same night. Verdict, " Accidental death." She
had a little child in her arms at the time her clothing
caught the Shaft., but she had the presence of mind to
throw it on the ground, and it received no injury.—
Manchester Spectator,
Interested motives are the rails on which the car-
riages of soc'ety run smoothly and, securely, withoilt
clraing in roll sion or injuring each other.—Eliza Cook's
gjourrul,

No alteration in Barley. Indian Corn is still held firmer,
:Jut th, 1... w s SMI A inquire for it to-day.
CORK, SE vr. 24. Flour—First 13s 64 to 14s ; extra 145 6d;
seconds, 12, 6d to 1:;s ; households 10s to lie; thirds, 6s to 91
per cwt. Oatmeal 10s Cdto 1 ls•' Indian meal Gs 3d to 646c1; wheat-
meal. lOs tid to per cwt. Indian corn 6/ to 6/ 7s 6d per ton.
Bran 3/.ssod to 3/ lOs per ton. Hay—Farmers 20s to 325; average
28s ; dealers 28s to 32. 04; average 33s per ton. Sti aw— Farmer'
8s Od to 23s Od ; average IBs ; dealers 24s Od to 00s Od;
average CO3 0,1 per ton. Bread—Wheaten loaf 6d, to 6id;
household loaf 5d to Sid per' 41b. Fresh butter, .74 0 '
94 per lb. Eggs -- 4s 10d to 5s Od per handred. , agile"-,
Newport I4s; Lydney 16s ; Landore 14s ; Best
Pleat!
Cohn 135 per ton. • Tallow 40s Od to 00s per. cwt.
Whisky, 25 o. p., 5s 9d per imperial gallon. • Alea`
—Beef 4d to 7d ; mutton 44 to bid; veal, 4d 'to
0,1; pork 4d to 5d ; bacon 7d to 8d ; sausages 5d Per lb. Hops 51 IN per cwt. Bangor slates 3/ 2s 6d tr °'' III!
ton. Bark—Barbary 8t to 8110 s; Valonia 141 to 0/; r- ~•'.i.
7110 s; English 0/ per ton. Fleece Wool 10a to 12s re+ • 'n.o: Eleinp 31/ to 35/ per tor. Fish— Scotch herrings 17s to Ida; rec.
ditto 26s to 28s per barrel ; Newfoundland 10/ 10s to 12/ Per
ton. Timber—Memel, 851 per ton ; deals, first quality; 18s;
'second quality, 163 per 100. Hides—Market 12s to 05;
salted 12s to IS per cwt ; ealf'skins 2d to 2401 per lb.
Potatoes, white 51d to 7d; Minions. 004 to Cod • Guano--
Peruvian, 111 10s; Ichaboe 91 per ton; Tar2ArchgugelP
19.. per barrel.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
PORTSAIOUTIft SEPT. 25.—The royal yacht Victoria
and Albert was brought down to her service mowing
to day, to be completed for the reception of her
Majesty and the Court on Friday night.
The Fairy royal yacht was hauled upon the graving
slip aloorside the dockyard last night, to be in readi-
ness for inspection early this morning by the Admiral
Superintendent Prescott, and .dockyard. staff; two
anti adhesive substances, compositions,. having been
put oil the iron bottom three months since,. the rela-
tive discoveries of Professor Hav, the chyglin"
L assistant to the master shipwright, and Mr. Peacock,
a gentleman amateur in sitnilar pursuits. A three
in iiiths' test having been dee:ned sufficient to discover
the relative merits of the applicationS, today the: ex-
periment was officially reported upon, when the result
showed one side (the pot t) of the vessel perfectly
clean and free from all impeding rubbish; and the
starboard side foul, with weeds and grass half afoot
in length, presenting the appearance of a fine sloPiPg
field of • grass—showing, in a_ light never before ex-
hibited, the peculiar and striking. superiority of the
chymical assistant's invention over that of Mr.
Cock.

' The Elfin royal dispatch yacht, Master Commander
BlListon, having received a figure head and cutwater,
which has considerably impr,ved her outward appear"
ance, was taken out last bight for triAl, prior to being
reported in readin-ss for the royal service.
commander Hewlett, of
.the Excellent, is, we
believe; prOgreSsing favourably towards convalescence
under the assiduous treatment of Dr. 'Nutt.
Wind S.E., light breezes and fine weathek.
MILITARY.
_

paptaip Levinge's company of the Royal Artillery,
at 'Woolwich, will relieve Captain Henderson's, at
Portsmouth, on the 3d proximo, the latter returning
' to Woolwich.
A detachment"---of Lieutenant Paterson, 1 ensign,
2 sergeants,' and 50 rank and file of the 42i .High-
.landers—,will embark at Deptford on the 29i.h instant
in the Pestonjee I3ornanjee transport, as a guard over
200 mate convicts from Queenstown to Bermuda.
WOOLWICH, SEPT. 25.—The Minx steam-vessel
fitted with a high- pressure engine ofJO horsepower, and
her screw propeller abaft the rudder, wept down the
river yesterday, on an experimental trial, under, the
chaKge of Lieutenant Robertson, with Mr. Casey of
captain Austin's branch of the steam department, and
Mr. Taplin, of the factory department at Woolwich
Dockyard. The Minx ran the measured mile tour
times, and the average speed attained was about four
and three quarter knots per hour, equal to the speed
obtained when the screw-propeller was fitted in the
dead wood of the stern, where the rudder is now
placed.
.The next trial of the Minx is to be made
with a disc engine, but no material advantage appears
to be gained by having the propeller abaft the rudder,
though it is ii 13;e to many objections, as it cannot in
that position be, unshipped, and owing to its pr(4e°t-
iog,considerably below the bottom of the keel, it r gas
the risk of being easily broken when the draught et
water is basely sufficient for the vessel. It is also
inapplicable to large vessels, as the flanges of the pro-
peller would extend several feet below the keel when
revolving, and the weight of large screws give , a
leverag4=:vvhen placed so far astern of the vessel that it
would he difficult to support them. -
The Inflexible steam- sloop, Commander Hoseason, is
ordered to be paid off here on Friday next. A number
Of the. crew of the Fisgard are employed at present
upon her, upwards of 40 of her crew having been lei t
at Portsmouth suffering from dysentery and other
complaints incident to their return from a warm

climate. Four men of the crew were taken to the
Marine Hospital here to-day, two of them owing to

lameness.
The Terrible steam frigate, Captain Ramsey, is to
be paid off on. Thursday, and will be again commis-
sioned almost imtm-diattly.
-. The Bee lighter has been raised and taken along-
side the wharf wall, and the spare stores taken out of
her. The labourers are now employed in pumping
out the water while the tide is low, and she will soon
be pat. to rights without much loss, the materials
being got out uninjured.
The Archer steam !..loop is to have her screw-proe
peller reduced from 11 feet 6 inches, its present
diameter, to 10 feet in diameter, and she will be again
tried down the river in the latter part of the present
or early in the ensuing week. -
CHATHAM, SEPT. 25.—The Calypso, 20 guns,
Captain Henry J. Worth, was paid off into ordinary
on Monday, the 24. b. Neither her bulk-heads nor
any of her internal fittings are disturbed. Owing to
the protracted illness of C.;ptain Worth, that officer
was taken yesterday to Melville Hospital. The Ma-
rines, consisting of 1 sergeant, 1 corporal, 1 drummer,
and 13 privates, joined the Chatham division the same