The Sun.
London, England, 1836-10-05 00:00:00

GERMANY.

VIENNA, SEPT. 21.—His Imperial Majesty has been
pleased to confer on the Archdukes Ferdinand and John
the rank of Field Marshals of the Austrian army, which
promotion he has communicated to them in autograph
letters, expressing his deep sense of the services which
they have in a long series of years rendered to the monarchy
and the army, and the great pleasure which he feels in
giving them this mark of his affection and gratitude.
PRUSSIA, SEPT. 20.—Several sentences passed on per-
sons condemned for revolutionary intrigues have lately been
published, some of which are rather severe. But those
who do not appear to be too deeply implicated will certainly
meet with clemency. The penalty pronounced in conformity
with the law has already been very much mitigated in many
instances.—Frankfort Paper, Sept. 29. a
VIENNA, SEPT. 23.—Five per Cents., 1024 ; Four per
Cents., 991 ; Three per Cents., 73i ; Bank Shares, 1,326.
—Allgemcine Zeitung,
_Sept. 28.

T URKEIr•
a As the last instalment of
CONSTANTINOPLE. SEPT. *."---
Russians are
. and to
the Russian indemnity is paid' theurkish authorities,Pr°ceeding
to deliver up Silistria to the
Danube. That Russia was not
quit the right bank of the D
had remained
steapn,uand would have beenunp betteraid, i s
easily induced to take this
pleased that the military indemnitynecessary for it to maintain its
more
natural, as it is the
position in the East, because it sees its influence over Persia
threatened from more than and Turkey . one quarter. A-
lready, last proposal winter a was made by an English and a
French mercantile house to the Porte to raise the funds ne-
cessary paying the indemnity on very good terms ;
cessaryhouses
, two
for tau .
.offered to furnish the sum at
par, on condition of receiving eight per cent till the
repayment of the principal. When something transpired
respecting these negociations, which were kept very secret,
and were drawing to a conclusion, it was conjectured that
these offers came only ostensibly from private persons ;
but that? in fact, they originated in a higher quarter. The
Porte was therefore earnestly advised from another quarter
against plunging the empire into debt, and the Sultan was
invited to place more confidence in Russia, which was
ready to show forbearance, and would not importune the
Porte to fulfil its obligations. The consequence was,
that the business was not concluded. After the failure
of this attempt, a violent fermentation arose among
the diplomatic body here. The intrigues which had
hitherto been the order of the day were succeeded by
energetic demonstrations, and the increased jealousy of
France and England excited no small apprehensions
respecting the preservation of peace. Admiral Rous-
sin and Lord Ponsonby did indeed assure the Porte in two

#

r~ t

notes addressed to it that their Courts did not intend Atli
offensively except in case of an open or underhand a tai k ron the independence of the Ottoman Empire ; but th
nacing attitude which those two powers at that time §:='„,.
Fumed in the Mediterranean, was not calculated to make('
Russia easy, nor was the conduct of the two ambassadors"
at that time better adapted to inspire confidence, as it
seemed as if they were resolved to leave nothing untried to
excite alarm in the Porte, to make the Sultan suspicious of
his allies, and if all this should fail, to proceed to the
blockade, or even the destruction of the forts of the Darda-
nelles, in order to decide at oncethe oriental question in the
Black Sea. Russia, which did not suffer itself to be de-
ceived by the pacific sentiments expressed in Parliament by
Lord Palmerston, well knowing how much an enemy is to
be feared who ceases to threaten and begins to act, pre-
pared itself for the conflict, and even made a show of putting
Russian garrisons into the forts of the Dardanelles. Every-
thing gave reason to expect a collision, when the Northern
Power suddenly thought fit to turn into another course,
to withdraw to the interior of the empire part of its
troops concentrated in the Crimea and on the Pruth,
and partly to dismantle its squadron in the Black Sea.
I will not inquire whether Russia was induced by
the naval armaments of England, and by its love of peace
and a wish not to leave the existing misunderstandings to the
decision of the sword. In a word, an arrangement was
made between the contending powers and the well-known
Convention concluded at Constantinople, by which the
instalments of the indemnity were fixed, and the time for
the evacuation of Silistria determined. The debt is now
paid, and Silistria evacuated. What has England gained by
this ? It is true that from that fortress Russia commanded
the right bank of the Danube, the whole country to the
Balkan, with the exception of Varna, and the fortified po-
sition of Schumla was open to the Russian armies, and in
this respect it cannot be denied that the position of
Russia with respect to Turkey has become less threa-
tening. But at this moment, when the Cabinet of
St. Petersburgh is on every occasion suspected of projects
of conquests, will all apprehension be allayed by the evacu-
ation of Silistria ? Cannot Russia at any moment pour
its armies from the summits of Caucasus into the extensive
plains of Asia Minor ? And can we announce that a Rus-
sian army would meet with serious difficulties in passing the
Danube? The evacuation of that fortress, obtained by the
warlike demonstrations of England, and as some affirm by
English money, will hardly afford the present English Ca-
binet a sufficient pledge for the independence of the Porte
and the security of British interests in the East. Its
next demands will recur to the free passage of all
English men-of-war through the Dardanelles and the
Bosphorus. But, even should England preval in
this new contest, the state of affairs in the East would
remain in all essential points the same, that is, a powerful
state, increasing in extent and prosperity, opposed to a
powerful decayed empire, which is scarcely able to prolong
its frail existence without foreign protection, and all whose
bulwarks are already in the possession of its too powerful
protector—on the other hand a distant jealous friend, who
cannot possibly be always so soon at hand when the pro -
tege is threatened with danger from without. Only the
prodigious extent of Russia, and the necessity of internal or-
ganisation, are perhaps circumstances that may in some de-
gree allay the appreh,ensions,of the antagonists of Russia.

ALEXANDRIA, JuLir 1836.
. (From Mr. Waghorn.)

The Pasha has.just lost a highly talented and valuable
officer in poor Galloway Bey, who died on the 3d instant.
Few men leave this world more universally regretted than
my late friend. His important services were duly appre-
ciated, and his loss sincerely regretted'by the Pasha. No
man here has more thoroughly earned the honours conferred
by the Pasha than poor Galloway Bey, cut off in the prime
of his life, at the very moment when his talents and ener-
getic industry were about to bring his name before the
world in connection with a work which will immortalise the
name of its magnificent founder. I, of course, allude to
the Suez railroad. It is fortunate Mr. Richard Galloway,
the Bey's brother, is on the spot, and will doubtless con-
tinue the direction of the works commenced by my lamented
friend, during whose severe illness be was employed by the
Pasha in laying down the two lines of railroad near Mara-
bout ; one of which is now ready, and will be in immediate
operation for the transport of stone from the quarries to
the sea-side, from whence it is conveyed by pontoons across
the harbour for the construction of the dry dock. The
Turks, who never had any idea of the utility of a railroad
until they saw the carriage move on the line now formed,
were astonished and delighted. The Pasha has expressed
himself much pleased, and is more than ever decided on the
immediate construction of the road to Suez.

....... .
The cotton crop is now near its close. There will not
be above six to eight thousand bales more : prices have
kept up well. A sale on the sth instant, averaged
ds.l7 86-100, the first decline below ds.lB we have wit-
nessed for many months. The next crop will be very
abundant, and the quality improved, the Pasha having
greatly altered his system with the peasantry, to whom in
his late trip to the Delta he advanced money to procure
cattle and the necessary articles of husbandry, and has
made arrangements by which they will obtain cash payment
at an advanced rate immediately on the delivery of their
crops, and be protected from many abuses and exactions to
which they were formerly subjected. This has had the
good effect of bringing into cultivation large tracts of land
which had hitherto been neglected, and the increased reve-
nue which will accrue from this well-timed policy will en-
able Mehemet Ali to carry on the further improvement of
his country. The Pasha's finances never have yet been in
so brilliant a position as they now are. The Pasha's com-
mercial agents were never before so punctually reimbursed
for their supplies as they now are. Never yet have the
Pasha's debts amounted to so small a sum as they do at this
moment ; his resources are immense, and his revenues are
increasing. The value of his staple export, Mato cotton, is
nearly trebled since its first introduction into this country. The
agricultural resources of the country are every day improv-
ing under the energetic personal superintendence of the
Pasha, who,- in the direction of a campaign, or in the pro-
secution of the most minute agricultural improvements,
evinces the same master genius which directs all his enter-
prises. The Pasha's duty on silk is not in contravention of
any treaty. The foreign merchant is at liberty to export
his silk, subject to the Custom-house duty of three per
cent. The tax of 25 per cent. is paid by the native culti-
vator, and surely no foreign power can pretend to interfere
with Mehemet Ali's taxation of his own subjects.
Mehemet Ali's tribute for Egypt and Syria is punctually
remitted, and beyond that the Porte has nothing to demand.
The Nik steamer has only a fortnight since returned from
Constantinople, whither she took to the Sultan 600,000 dol-
lars. It is not to consolidate an usurped power I call upon
England to protect the succession of Mehemet Ali ; it
would, perhaps, too greatly weaken the Turkish empire to
make Egypt and Syria an independent kingdom ; let these
pashalids remain tributary vassals of the Porte, but, then,
let them on these conditions be hereditary in the family of
a man who, in the wonders he has accomplished, leaves to
posterity a pledge that his descendants will be more than
any others likely to continue the great work he has begun.
To the firmness and shrewd sense of Mehemet Ali is alone
to be attributed the little vantage ground Russia has yet
gained ; but who can tell to what resort Mehemet Ali may
be forced should a mistaken policy produce a breach of
friendship..n_ o_nn pcaLtnoefctoiounr GbeotvweerennmeEnnta?landEgyanpat sn d
inao,
mean the
and it may be of vital importance to keep Egypt in the
possession of those as well disposed towards the English
nation as Mehemet Ali and his family would be, were their
advances met by a conciliatory spirit and the certainty of
support if needed.

WEST INDIES.
We have received Jamaica papers to Aug. :15. They
state of Sir Amos Norcott—" We are sorry to learn, in
consequence of the change about to take place in the
government of this island, that our much-esteemed Lieute-
nant-Governor, Sir Amos Norcott, is about immediately to
depart from our shores."