The Sun.
London, England, 1838-09-12 00:00:00

manufacturers are said to. be protected, and therefore
the farmers must be protected. But the protection
given by a duty on corn increases rent, while it lowers
the profit of the farmer, and impedes the supply of the
market. It injures the actual manufacturer of corn
for the behoof of the idle landowners. Moreover,
' manufactures are in the majority of cases luxuries, and
to want them degrades not the masses into abjec:
poverty, and starves no individual out of existence.
The protection afforded to them, suppose it extended
to them all, inflicts on se-.7iety none of the vast mis-
chief which is caused by taxing and stinting the sup-
ply of food. Without food we cannot live, but we can
supply the place of almost any protected manufacture.
The cases, therefore, are not analogous nor similar, and
that certain manufactures are protected against foreign
competition, is no reason whatever why a tax should
be levied, for the advantage of the landlords, on the
people's food.
But, suppose the cases were otherwise analogous ;
will the landlords say that the so-called protection

given to the
.manufacturers is paid exclusively by
them ? Are they alone the wearers of silk and
cotton, and the consumers of hardware ? Far from

The price of this protection is paid by the whole
community—,that is by the very classes whom the
landlords also insist on taxing. For the advantage of
the Slave-owners out sugar is taxed—for the advan-
tage of the Canada ship-owners our timber is taxed,
and then come the landlords and allege the existence
these burdens as a reason for adding the Corn-tax
to the enormous- heap. Their conduct reminds us of
the fat gentleman so often quoted by the Examiner.
A rogue carried off his hat, and when he was com-
plaining to another person of his loss, and regretting
his inability to overtake the thief, the other-said, "B u t
are you sure you cannot run ?" " Oh, quite sure—
lam out. of breath already." " Oh, then (says the
bystander) here goes with Sour wig," and snatching
the remaining covering of the fat gentleman's head, he
followed the rogue who had run away with the hat.
'So it is with the people.,The planters, and the iron-
masters, and the silk-weavers, carry off their hat, and
comes the landlord, and, as they cannot get
away from the soil, strips them of their wig—but lie
strips them because they have had their hat taken
away, and, alas I because he, as the legislator, has
despoiled them of that very covering. The story does
not say that the two rogues were colleagues, or that
the last instigated the first to steal the hat—but the
'andlord, in whose hands is the power of legislation,
takes the property of the consumers out of one
pocket for the benefit of the manufacturer, and then
out of the other for his own benefit. We protest,
therefore, against a fixed duty on corn, as only con-
tinuing the present system of legal land piracy. But
while we say that, let us add that we are ready to aid
the landlords to the utmost of our means, after getting
rid of the Corn-laws, to ab&ish the protecting Timber
Duty, the protecting duty on Colonial Sugar, the pro-
tecting duty on Silk, the protecting duty on Spirits,
and every other duty which is not bottomed and raised
on the single principle—for we know no other on which
any tax can be defended—of being required for the ser-
'ice of the State.

We see a number of placards about the town,
,igned, we think, " WM. LovETT," cautioning the
working classes not to liSten to those who agitate
Corn-law agitation, because that is a " trick of the
Whigs." In our own defence, and so far as we
are concerned, we gave sueh an assertion on
Monday a flat contradiction. Nor does it seem
to us, to be at all feasible, as applied to the Journals
the most immediately under the control of the Whigs.
We admit, and we admit with sorrow, that there is now,
as Mr. WARD says, very little difference betwixt the
Whigs and the Tories. What would serve the pi>.
sent purpose of the Whigs, therefore, we apprehend,
would be any extreme or violent proceeding on the part
of the people, which should appear to justify the Whigs
in denouncing wholly and entirely, popular principles,
and making common cause with the other section of the
aristocracy, in maintaining the present unreformed
mass of public abuse. Many amongst them would
then repeat the conduct of the Duke of PORTLAND
and Earl FITZWILLIAM at the commencement of
the French Revolution. To stimulate the people,
therefore, into an extreme and violent course, is much
more likely to answer the purpose of some Whigs, and
to deserve the name of a Whig trick, than an
attempt to rally them, one and all, around the
standard of cheap bread. If the assertion
made in the name of Mr. LOVETT be not
totally unwarranted by any fact, it is, at least,
in our estimation unworthy of that noble cause in
which the working men are engaged. They ate con-
tending, as they say, for truth and justice, and they
ought to disdain the use of the degraded tactics of
political parties. The assertion we have noticed is a
weapon borrowed from the armoury of faction. It is
in daily use by the Times and the Standard, and to
employ it lends the cause for which it is used some of
`le degrading characteristics of Toryism.

It has bean intimated to us that the absurd and in
temperate opposition offered by certain interested
parties in Ireland to the Reports of the Irish Railway
Commissioners, originates wholly in an apprehension
that Parliament may adopt such of the recommenda-
tions of the Commissioners as clash with existing
legal interests, without any regard to the losses
which may be sustained by individuals. Improbable
as this statement may appear at first sight, we think
it is not at all unlikely to be well founded. There is
no difficulty in raising a cry of spoliation, and just as
little in persuading simple people itito the belie that
the Parliament which enriches them to-day without
inquiry, may ruin them to-morrow without com-
punction. But though it may serve the pur-
poses of certain speculators—of the enemies o!
a Liberal Administration—and of that faction whict
owes its political influence to the moral and physical
degradation of Ireland, to represent every measure
which has a tendency to elevate Ireland to a per-
fect equality with Great Britain iii a sinister light,
it is the duty of the Liberal Press, to banish such
erroneous impressions from the public mind. The
British Parliament has never invaded rights le-
gally obtained and constitutionally exercised, even
to benefit the whole community, without granting to
individuals compensation equal to the arneunt of the
direct loss sustained by them in consequence of its
necessary interference ; and the shareholders in the dif-
ferent lines of railway, at present in course of comple-
tion in Ireland, need be under no apprehension that
an exception to this rule will be made to their detri-
ment. But there is a great difference betwixt gus.
ranteeing them against loss wherever they manifest a
willingness to co-operate with the Government, and
the realization, by the Conntry, of their Alnascharian
visions of prospective gain. While lost in the re-
verie of his future greatness, it would have
been no easy task- to persuade the Mussul-
man pedlar that a few sequins would conven-
or two after .
sate him for the forcib!e seizure of the ba:.ket of bristle
ware at his feet ; .though in a minuti,•
wards be voluntarily eked it intothe street, to the de-
wards
of his glorimis:trite'itin of wealth. The Directors
of the different railways-now in the •
course of formation
in Ireland appear to
as those of Alnaschar„ the glacsman ; and hence
entertain visions as prepmt.crous
one cause of the hue and. cry raised by them again,t
the sober estimate of the profi:s of railway specula-
i Hosts published b.:, the Commissioners. We readily

E SUN, LONDON, WEDNE

grant that the profits to the shirholdiirs upon such
lines, and for such distances as that between Dublin •
and Drogheda, would probably be equal to 12 per cent.,
or even more, upon the whole outlay ; but as the Com-
missioners sagaciously observe, if private Companies
are suffered unconditionally to monopolize the profit-
able branches of road, who are to continue them from
the point where they cease to be remunerative as pri-
vate speculations ? It will never do to leave it
at the option of the Chairman of a Company, whether
or not this or that town be left at a week's, or brought
within a few hours', distance of the capitd. The pro-
per plan for the Government to pursue is that ream-
mended by the Commissioners—namely, to insist
upon each line being extended, so as to form
part of one grand system which shall embrace
the whole kingdom. Had such a plan been early
adopted in this country, it would have prevented
many a heart-ache. We think it quite possible to
adopt the Report of the Commissioners, without pre-
judice to incorporated Railway Companies, and so, We
have no doubt, will a majority of both Houses of
Parliament.

By the packet ship Oaford, which arrived at Liver_
pool yesterday, we have received a file of New York
Papers, together with a Letter from our Private Cor-
respondent in that City, to the 20th ult. inclusive--
the date of the Journals received by the Westminster
via Plymouth, on Monday. As the substance of the
news contained in these Papers has already appeared in
The Sun, we shall not follow the example of a•Morning
Contemporary who dishes up in a Second Edition in-
telligence which previously appeared in two impres-
sions of his own columns. One Journal states that
the differences between the United States and Mexico
have been referred to the friendly arbitration of
the King of PRUSSIA, and another suggests
the wisdom of a similar line of conduct on
the part of France. The New London Gazette
announces, on the authority of official letters ad-
dressed to the master cf the brig General Williams,
of that place, that the British Government had form-
ally taken possession cf the Falkland Islands, and
had iliven notice that all foreign vessels found at any
of the ports thereunto belonging after the Ist of June,
1838, would be regarded as trespassers.
As the intelligence conveyed in the letter of our
Correspondent has been anticipated, we merely sub-
join an extract from it
(FROVI OUR AIIERICIN CORRE SPOND ENT; KNICKERBOCKER.)
NEW YORK, Ace. 20, 1838.
THE CANADAS.—Nothing new has occuried si,-.ce date of
last letter. If the course adopted, and so ably pursued by
Lord Durham, has not altogether suppressed, and for ever act
at rest revolutionary movements, it hae, up to this moment at
all events, lulled and given a momentary quietus to Canadian
troubles.
THE EXPLORING SQUADRON.—The Norfolk (Virginia)
Herald of the 15th inst. says, " Incredible as it may
seem, we
can now vouch f the fact, that the exploring squadron is
ready for sea, andor will depart with the first fair wind—to-day
if it should offer.
Tats ELECTIONIL—The approaching elections will decide
the fate of the next Presidency, remote as that election is.
Upon the termination or the result of these electio n angs
the existence of the present Administration. Up
to thisment av
those elections that he taken plsce kayo resulted
against it, and would Feem to have sealed the fate of Martin
Van Buren for ever. There is not a shadow of doubt but
that he is politically damned, or that Henry Clay will be the
next President.
BALLOON EXPLOSION, 13,000 FEETIN Till Ala.—A southern
paper relites that a Mr. Wise " ascended from Easton, Pa,
last
week in a balloon, and when at the height of 13,000 feet his
balloon exploded. In ten seconds the gas had all escaped,
and he was descending with a rapidity that caused the air, as
he describes it, to whistle through the netting of the balloon
like a north-wester through the rigging of a ship. As 110 ap-
proached the earth a strong gale from the south rendered a
parachute, he had fortunately taken with him, of some service,
and after drifting three miles rorthward lie landed With but
lit:le injury. Ho describes the sensations produced by his
rapid descent as being similar to those of a person dreamin:
of falling. He, nevertheless, is determined upon another ex-

pertinent."
TEXAS AND TIIE UNITED STATES BANK cc PIIILADEL-
rutA.—The New Orleans and Southern people generally have
been humbugged into the belief that Biddle, the President of
the United States Bank at Pniladelphia, had entered into an ar
rangement with the Texan Government to loan it a large
amount of money. The effect, it is feared, has been di.zastrous
to many individuals, who, relying upon the correctness of this
statement, commenced operating pretty extensively in Texan
Scrip. The United States Bank at Philadelphia is for-
bidden by its Charter to make such a loan—it cannot loan to
any foreign power.
MONET AND BUSINESS MATTEE3.—My letter by the Great
Western informed you of the resumption of specie payments by
a majority of the banks in the United States, Since flirt
period money matters throughout the country have essentially
improved; money has been much more easily obtained, and the
exchanges are generally considerably nearer equalization than
at the date of our last advice,. Our importers have been
receiving a heavy supply of goods, especially of English and
French, but by no means an over-abundant stuck, and the
packets next looked for from England are expected to add
considerably to it, though from France we anticipate our im-
portations have about ceased for the season. The foreign
goods that have reached here have met with ready sale, and
at fair prices, and I have no doubt all the importations of
desirable articles. will pay well. It is expected thlit' the
steamers that leave England in the month of September, will
bring over a large amount of your valuable manufactures in
season for the autumn trade. Domestic goods, both woollens
and cottons, are exceedingly active, and we have not been 4o
north and east of New York, have not
bountifully supplied as we should have been, were it not that
manydone businessof theto
m ills,the fullest extent for want of water. At
Philadelphia, our great monied mart of America, having an
immense heart, the Bank of the United States, the money
market has not been hardly a 3 free as it is here, but business
is very active, and all foreign and American manufactured
woods are doing well and paying handsome profits. At New
brleans, as it is usual at this season of the year, there were
no important commercial movements for four days previous to
the Ilth. .