The Sun.
London, England, 1825-01-17 00:00:00

RECOGNITION OF SOUTH AMEttICA.

• ( From the Journal des Deka:. )
Pains, JAN. 12.
The whole future existence of Enziand rested
on the recognition of the New States of America, for there
henceforth must she find her riches,—the guarantee of the
stability of her power, the principle of national peace, and the
sinews of war—for riches are power. The English aristocracy,
the most opulent in the world, and the strongest, is im-
bued with the maxims which constitutes power. The po-
licy of the Cabinet of St. James has only appeared inde-
cisive as to the states of South America, because it wished to
treat with those countries without breaking with Europe. A
prudent Government does not unsheath the sword hastily.—
England does not spend a shilling, nor a man, but when these
sacrifices must strengthen her, and be repaid by interest. By
risking war, she had every thing to lose; by temporising, in
the hope of uniting in the long run the profits of a general
peace with the benefits of its independent politics, she had every
thing to gain ; it was profiting both by the alliance of the Con-
tinent and its faults, and was securing to herself the riches of
both hemispheres.
If the financial situation of Russia IS considered, its maritime
condition, the perplexities prepared fbr it by the Greek insur-
rection, it will be seen that she alone could not throw any
obstacle in the way of England accomplishing her wishes. These
two Powers which for ten years have been coming into collision,
have no place for combat—land is wanted to one, and the Ocean
the other : they must find a field of battle elsewhere. France
has been placed between these two Colossuses, to be the arbiter
of peace and war; she alone can give the Holy Alliance access
to the territories of Great Britain, and open the ocean to it; she
alone has sailors and soldiers ; she alone has both iron and
gold. It was in the new States of South America that this
beautiful and noble France should have found her advantages;
for she possessed a surer means of disturbing Great Britain
than declaring herself its enemy—that of becoming her rival.
There were two parts she might act. She might unite her-
self with Russia, and shew herself a decided enemy to the
independence of the American States, and make the weight
of her power and her will enter into the balance of the British
Councils ; or she might have preceded her rival—have profited
by the predilection of 'the Spaniards of the other hemisphere
for the French flag, for a community of religion, of
customs, and of numberless ties which have been formed
by our language being universally spread, by our
literature, by our great men, dear to those nations which
they have, if we may so speak, instructed ; she might have con-
tracted useful alliances, have held out her hand to patronize a
whole hemisphere, have opened to our commerce new treasures,
and have gained tier herself the element of infinite riches and
greatness. Enland has been long exposed to these two dangers.
She has felt t'heni weigh heavy on her, and how she has been
able to escape both at the same time we do not know ; but we
do know, that if she had kept in her hands the threads of our des-
tiny—if, the divinities of Homer, she had succeeded in esta-
blishing in our Councils, under a borrowed form, some Minister
in full credit, some powerful financier, she would have done
this :—the French Ministry would have adhered to the prin-
ciples of the European Continent, it would not have listen-
ed to the wishes of our merchants, to the appeals to the New
World.—Thus we should impoverish ourselves, and have
thrown away all those advantages we have disdained, and
all those which England is at this moment ready to take •
she would cease to dread us as rivals. This danger got rid of,
she would turn her attention to the other, and it was not to her
the greater of the two. In order. that the danger of our armed
interference might be done away, it was necessary that France
should conspire to destroy, in the eyes of the whole world, the
influence which she naturally possesses by her industry, her
credit, her public spirit, her advanced civilization, her nume-
rous armies—finally, that ancient power of her Kings, which
every where obtained respect for the name of France. Let us
see what has happened.
France is strong by her armies. They are sent to Spain ;
their stay in that country is prolonged, where the sound of
a bell may at any give rise to a series of battles, from
which no advantage can be reaped, and to which there is
no end. As if there was a fear that, in their absence, the
recollection of those glorious troops which made Europe
tremble, would not be a sufficient protection to our frontiers,
more than 200 of the most experienced and best known leaders
are banished from the army—those whose comrades have plant-
ed the banners of Dugnesclin on the walls of the Trocadero—
those, even, to whom Charles the Tenth has opened his arms.
At home,all glorious ambition is discouraged ; abroad, all rival-
ries are strengthened, by fixing nearly the same age as the
period at which the'legislative career is opened to the citizens,
and the field of battle closed on our captains. A soldier may
remain all his life in the army; but a General is not permitted
to conquer after he has reached his fiftieth year. They may
enrol themselves under their Sub-lieutenants, and die as
grenadiers.
France is strong in her Princes, by the rank which they oc-
cupy among all the Royal Houses of Europe, by the hereditary
care of the race of Louis XIV, to defend their rights. The
law of nations is violated in the person of a Frenchman. All
parties. express at the same moment their dissatisfaction ; . the
whole world is Royalist, imploring the authority of the King
of France; the whole world is Constitutionalist, to support
against a foreign police the laws of the country. We know
that the heart of the Prince who knew nothing greater than to
call himself another Frenchman added to France ; that heart,
which is now more French than all the rest, felt the same im-
pressions as we felt. The irons, however, against which the
King and France protested, are not broken. Europe would
probably be ignorant that we trouble ourselves about a fellow-
citizen shut up in a foreign dungeon, if it did not learn that
the name of this Learned Professor has been erased front the
list of Professors.
France is strong by her trade. The Levant is left a prey
to destructive disorders ; the dissolution of Spain is look-
ed at with a tranquil eye, though the hopes of our indus-
trious classes perish with her ; die solicitations of Saint Do-
mingo are repelled, and our Custom-house is armed with pro-
hibitions, which completely interdict commerce.
France is strong in her finances. But it is not enough
that the millions offered by Hayti are rejected, that our own
wealth is scattered over the the Peninsula, and that all the
sources of wealth are dried up—all this is not enough, and
we must have a policy for the interior, which loads the pre-
sent with the weight of a milliard, to close the wounds of
the revolution ; threatens the future with the load of another
milliard to open other wounds,and gives up the country a
prey to intrigue, gambling, and intolerable taxes. 'rite
cause of emigration and of national dignity are both wounded
. by one blow, by proposing to settle by law that. during five
years, the arena of these disorders and dilapidations shall
be the only field of battle into which time French can enter ; and
as if this were not enough, at the same moment all those words
are banished from political language, which had a magic power
to rally all hopes and all sentiments round the throne, and make of
' all interests and of all desires its surest bulwark. To the words
of justice and the promises of reparation, a system is connected,
which discourages all minds and. affects all hearts. Finally,
after having impoverished and disarmed France, it seems as it
her life itself were to be sacrificed—that life which is generous,
strong, and animated, and without which States can have neither
power nor glory. if all thiS bas been accomplished under our
eyes, can we be astonished that our rivals extract good from the
miracles which such a policy has effected for them ? The North
might indeed have claimed their attention, but the ocean scents
accustomed to obey their wishes, and has raised its waters and
ravished from Russia her ships,
.her dock-yards, and her cities.
The tempest has tried to serve the empire of Peter the Great as
the French Ministry has treated France. Henceforth, nothing
will stop England ; sure of Europe, she jmOges the moment
favourable to range Amerka under her protection ; anti while
the Old World seems determined, at any cost to recover the
routes which have been worn bare by ages, were it only
to return and die in them, more prudent and more fortunate,
she does not dread to act as the preserit time dicta'es, to
march before it, though she should see all those timings turn
to the benefit of civilization which are of advantage to her
splendour.

( From the Courier Francais. )

• PARIS, JAN. 12.
The Quotidknne says :---" That the decision of the British
Cabinet concerning America has been officially communi-
cated by Lord Granville to the French Government, and that
a messenger was instantly sent to Madrid with the
gence. The Ambassadors of the Holy Alliance at Paris:sent
similar communications to the charge: d' Apiece of their Courts
• at Madrid.- All these " communications contain sentiments of
anger at the hurried proceeding of England. Undoubtedly,
fresh instructions from their Cabinets will make theni, in union
...with France, support the rights of Spain over her colonies."—

NVe donut know whatmeans Spain will employ to support her
rights, but it is certain that England has now,adopted a system
of policy in direct opposition to that of the Holy Alliance.
Such a determination vexes the men of the ancient regime, and
embarrasses the Ministers who are paid to embrace either party.
The (4/rot/diet/fie shews a disposition to intimidate England,
and threatens her with the Holy Alliance interfering to settle
the dispute between Spain and her Colonies. But if the Holy
Alliance is strong by its union, will not England, in case of a
war from this cause, find powerful Allies ? The President of
the United States has pointed out, in his late Message, the
part he would be disposed to take.
(From the Constitutionel. )
PARIS, JAN. 11.
The Ministerial Journals stated a few days since, that the
reports relative to the acknowledgment of the independence of
the South American States by the Cabinet of St. James were
destitute of foundation. They declared that such a measure
would be an act of hostility against the Holy Alliance, and
some went even so far as to insinuate that the Powers com-
posing this Royal Coalition would find themselves under the
necessity of supporting the Monarchical principle by force, and
• that they would unite to assure to Spain the Spverognty of her
colonies. •
Whilst these journals were tracing Out the circle within .which
the British Government should confine itself, under the pain of
incurring their indignation, Mr. Canning was coolly engaged
in drawing up the diplomatic notes, which were solemnly to
announce the independence of the former Colonies of Spain
and those treaties of commerce which England, always atten-
tive to her interests, is on the point of concluding with them.
It is thus he replies to the warlike organs of the Holy
Alliance. This news has fallen like a thunderbolt in the midst
of our discussions upon sacrilege, the indemnity of the emi-
grants, the reduction of the rentes, and on convents. The
diplomatic corps are indignant, and the roads are covered with
extraordinary couriers, dispatched to all the capitals of the
Continent. While waiting for the decision of the Cabinets,
which it is not difficult to foresee, our Ministerial Journals
have suddenly changed their tone.
The Quotidirnne (but it is not Ministerial) is very frank upon
the subject. It loudly confesses the importance of the declara-
tion of Air. Canning—it censures his conduct with severity, and
threatens for the future a dangerouS re-action. The British
Cabinet (says this Journal) must not be astonished if their own
principle be applied to themselves. They can have nothing to
object, if it should happen sonic day that Russia, taking ad-
vantage of some of these insurrections so frequent in India,
should acknowledge, influenced by the interests qf its coM-
merce, the independence of Bengal, Ceylon, or the kingdom
of Mysore. This emancipation, it is true, would injure the
interests of the East India Company, hut the fact could no
longer be doubted, for the people of India had long since given
evident proyl• of their stubilitv.

•
SOUTH A MEI{ 1 CA.—The rePtinir of satisfaction
produced by the official announcement of his Majesty's recog-
nition of the South American States, has been universal
throughout the country. In the commercial districts, in parti-
cular, the measure has been hailed with enthusiastic approba-
tion. The extent and importance of our mercantile transac-
tions with South America, but more especially with Buenos
Ayres, Mexico, and Colombia, and the immense amount of
British capital embarked in various ways in speculations con-
nected with those countries, have for some time past rendered
the recognition of their independence a desideratum of the last
consequence to our commercial interests. It will be well if the
measure, popular as it is calculated to be in Great Britain, does
not give rise to some unpleasant misunderstanding on the part
of his Majesty and other European Powers. After the Speech
delivered by the Lords Commissioners to both Houses of Par-
Earnest twelve months ago, they ought, however, to feel no
surprise upon the subject.--( Leeds Paper. )
SOUTH AM Kit Ic.t.—The p.cognition of the prin-
cipal States in the American Continent which have effected
their independence has taken place, and it will be one of the
brightest pages in the history of the present Administration.
How it may he taken by the Continental Powers is to be
learned.; but that is a consideration not much to be cared about
by this country. That which most concern us is, that we are
able to show, on all the principles of public law, that we have
done an act of justice, and that we have sanctioned the com-
mon law of humanity. The actual independence of the
countries in question has been ascertained ; it has been long
an obvious and undisputed fact, that the parent country is
not, nor is likely to be, by any probable change, in a con-
dition to recover them, without the assistance of other
powers, 'which assistance we had the right to bar out. This
establishes the justice of our proceeding ; and the humanity of
it is quite as manifest. The petty warfare which has been kept
up in some of those counties has been encouraged chiefly by the
hope of help front France, under the name of Spain, and by !
the delay of the recognition of other powers. Now acknow-
ledged as capable of international relations with other states,
by Great Britain and the United States, the public mind of
these countries will be tranquillized, and the hopes of partisans
and mere soldiers of fortune be withered. The effect will, no
doubt, be so powerful and extensive as to cut off all hope from
Spain of ever regaining either power or influence in that quar-
ter of the world. We are not sure hut that Spain herself will
reap much benefit from it ; and were there, indeed, any good
reason to hope, that a Government will speedily be established
in Spain, uniting liberality and energy, -neither revolutionary
nor absolute, we should be most confident that the loss of
America will prove the resuscitation of Spain. Her own re-
sources have been long neglected, and her most talented and
active citizens have abstracted their energies front their own
country, to raise their fortune and rank beyond the Atlantic.
Spain has a fine and varied soil, and a capable people ;
and nothing but intelligence, the amelioration of their wi-
thering superstitions, and good government, are wanting,
to give to her that rank among the leading Powers of
Europe, from which she has so long fallen. We view the
subject, also, as important in another light. The Continen-
tal Powers have shown a very meddling disposition. What inte-
rest has Austria in America; or what relations can Russia have
of importance with those parts of the New IVorld ? Their
legitimate cares lie nearer hothe ; anti yet they have talked
about arranging the affair:4 of Spanish America, as of Italy
and Greece ! The principle of such a combination is to be
firmly resisted. by Great Britain ; for only in this way could
they establish their influence over those distant countries, and
become formidable to us. Such a confederacy, if once matured,
would become more irksome than Buonaparte's continental
system ; because it would reach to our own element. and to the
countries which lie beyond it. The commerce of this country
would be, in some of its great branches, placed at their mercy,
and, though they could ant reach us by sea, they could reach
us beyond the sea. Government, by this act of recognition, has
told them, in fact, that it-will not be influenced by their Con-
gresses and • consultations, and that it, will pursue the path
marked out by its own sense of justice, /amour, and interest.—
The prospects which this event open to this country on the one
side, and to America on the other, are truly impressive and
sublime. To the Americans, rapidly increasing population,
industry, wealth, knowledge, imported in its mature state from
Europe, the cultivation of lands ; the opening of the metallic
veins of mountains; the reduction of wildernesses; the appro-
priation to the use of man of the vast sweeps of their now
solitary rivers : to us, commerce, and the fabrication and vend-
ing of manufactures, to which centuries will place no limit. It
is an event which refutes a thousand speculations of political
economy, anti will push us forward into a state of things in
which the agricultural interests of this country will become
daily less and less important, and be displaced in constant pro-
gression by the manufacturing and commercial.—(Liverpool
Courier.)

We learn, by letters from Rio Janeiro, dated.
November 1, that the application of the Court of Lisbon to
that of St. James's, to get ComModore Jomt TAI-Lon dis-
missed from the Brazilian service, has been complied with ;
but that the Emperor was so highly pleased with his conduct,
whilst commanding the Northern Squadron of Brazil -(doting
which he caused great-mischief to the trade of Portugal), that
he at the same time settled a pension of 500/. a year upon him,
and (he had beibre been created a dignitary of the Order of.
the Cross) conferred another order upon him, for his civil and
military, services rendered to the Brazilian empire: On the
26th of October; this zealous and able officer (w;to is the eldest'
son of Mr. Nathaniel Taylor, of this plaee) was married at-Rio
Janeiro, to the Mustrissima Signora Donna -Maria Thereze
Amelia Fonseca Costo, daughter of iii, Excellency Mecca Al-
varez de Fonseca Cosi; a General officer; and one of th 6 first
and most ancient families of Rio Janeiro. The young lady
(eighteen is beautiful, accomplished, and of
good f
otunyee.m'sTa age)
The greater part of the first personages of the
Court attended the cerentony;—(fhraprhii.e Telreraph:)