The Sun.
London, England, 1849-04-17 00:00:00

ITALY.

Advices from Turin of the 12th state that the de-
legated councils of the municipalities of Alba, Pine-
rolo, Aosta, and Tortona, have been dissolved by a
Royal ordinance. The KING has named General
Mem' DI BOGLIO President of the Commission of
Inquiry relative to the late campaign.
On the 11 th of April all the forts and gates of
Genoa were occupied by the Piedmontese troops, and
the barricades were nearly all removed. General
AVFnk had taken refuge on board an American
steamer.

M. PLEZZA, Commissioner of the Piedmontese
Government at Parma, has issued a protest, dated the
sth, against the acts of General D'Asrau in that city.
It states that the articles of the armistice of Novarra
do not warrant the occupation of Parma by the
Austrains, much less a change in the civil and
political state of the duchy. M. PLEZZA also pro-
tests against the dissolution of the National Guards,
that being only a civil force; and also because,
during an armistice, concluded as a preliminary of
peace, neither of the belligerent parties is warranted
in diminishing the forces of the other; lastly, he
protests against the acts by which the Sardinian civil
authorities are forced to suspend their functions de
facto, which is contrary to the very letter of the ar-
mistice, and not within the power of the military
authorities who signed it.
In the sitting of the Tuscan Constituent Assembly
of the 2d, GUERAZZI made the following declaration :
—"Upon my soul and conscience, I do not think
that the country can be saved unless the Assembly
adopts the following resolutions :-1. That the
full powers conferred on the Government be
not illusory, and that it may act according to
exigencies, for the weal of the country. 2. That
the Assembly be prorogued for a time
on condition that the Executive take no important
resolution without consulting it, on pain of impeach-
ment. 3. That all discussion on the form of go-
vernment be suspended. 4. That the members of the
Constituent Assembly remain in Florence, to be em-
ployed by the Executive as circumstances may
require." After a strong discussion, the third reso-
lution was passed ; the Assembly prorogued to thelsth, but the members were not obliged to remain in
Florence. It was further declared that the Executive
shall take no steps to decide the future fate of Tus-
cany without the consent of the Assembly ; but leave
was given to issue two millions' worth of Exchequer-
bills, to provide for the expenses of the war.
The Chief of the Executive Power and the Minis-
try have issued a declaration, stating that there is not
the least foundation for the rumour that they have
made any overtures tending to the re-establishment
inTuscany of the house of Lorraine.
According to letters received from Parma, several
Austrian regiments are on march towards Tuscany
and Romagna, under the orders of General D'ASPRE.
The National Guard of Leghorn has been mobi-
lised for the defence of the country.
Letters from Rome state that nine thousand guns
have just been received, which have been manufac-
tured in France for the Republican Government.
By order of the triumvirs, every citizen is bound to
sell his arms to the Government within four days.
Count CODROUCHI has been arrested at Rome. The
buildings of the Inquisition have been changed into
lodgings for the poor. On the 2d, about 1,800
Neapolitans, with half a battery, and protected by
three gunboats, on Lake Frodi, attacked the fort of
the Epitaffio, belonging to the Romans, but soon
retired.

The Republican troops on the Neapolitan frontier
are to be concentrated at Terni, under the orders of
General FERRARI. They are said to amount to about
40,000 men.

Correspondence received from Ravenna and An-
cona asserts that Admiral ALBINI has pledged his
word not to abandon Venice with the Sardinian fleet,
and to receive no orders from Genoa, and the crews
of his vessels have consented to follow his patriotic
example.

The Corriere Mercantile of Genoa, of the 11th,
publishes the following letter addressed on the 9th
to Lord HARDWICKE, commanding her Majesty's
ship Vengeance, stationed in that port :-
1
" Signor,—You have entered our port with your ship
under the flag of a friendly and honourable nation, and
you have been received as a friend ; the hospitality of
the city and port has not been refused to you. In the
struggle for liberty. you have taken part against the
people; you have taken an active part, witbout being
called upon to do it • you have thrown into the sea the
ammunition of the Cattery which was in the bands of
the people ; you have threatened to , fiyraoetultyaiutghoopu.iumeodvlrn,eea the
dye
txi
ship,
ohs-u
said battery ; you have made your ship take a hostile
position; your ship, in a word, had cleared for action,
and its hostile attitude was contrary to the desire of the
British nation. By this conduct,
l,poylueoarusrmeasures,e
pleases
mbpmigreun donreont t 0
take
posed yourself and your ship to fatal consequences, and
circumstances would authorise me to fire ucpeoinf
with-
outtime
eoduteirliaal ybsiiex. But L 1,31 tiv.as iitlnotesetgaekioetf
at the end of this periodillisbneotin apacifie
:tawnce will turned against you to sink
also teachtobea3 omuarnGoofgvernment
yboatut,eraienadotfhitsheciprceoupnal
that when the command of a national ship is
ho ought
man of rank, isveennseto.—a
I am, &c.

JEPH AVIZZANA."
The Positivo of Rome of" th OSe
7th states that the
Government of the Republic has intercepted some
important correspondence coming from Gaeta, and
directed to Civita Vecchia, discovering the plots for
effecting the counter-revolution. Several arrests
have been made in consequence ; among the arrested,
who are chiefly priests, is a prelate, and canon of St.
John of Latralz.

Total 9,390,000
It will thus be sten that the population of Mexico
approximates closely to that of the whole of the other
South American States which belong to Spain, and,
what is of equal importance to industrial pursuits, the,
area over which they are spread is not now quite 900,000.
square miles; whilst the other states embrace a surface
of 31,380,000 square miles. As far, therefore, as popu-
lation forms an element of national resources, the ed•
vantages which Mexico possesses over any of the other
states are obviously pre-eminent.
Again, in reference to the value of `property. The
National Institute of Geography and Statistics presented
a return to the supreme Government in 1839, which
made the aggregate income from the various branches of
industry in the country amount to 300,000,000 dollars
per annum, representing, at five per cent. interest per
annum, a capital of 6,000,000,000 dollars. Supposing,
therefore, Mexico were to have recourse to a direct tax
of five per cent. on the yearly income of the country, it
would produce 15,000,000 dollars per annum,, which
would be more than sufficient to pay all the current ex-
penses of the Government, including the interest on the
public debt on a peace establishment.
In order to show the progressive improvement in the
resources of the country under the Government of
Spain, Baron Humboldt, in his view of the subject, states
that the yearly revenue of the vice-royalty during the
five years from 1763 to 1767, both inclusive, was
6,169,164 dollars, and that the average of the five years
from 1795 to 1799, also both inclusive, was 20,462,307
dollars. Such was the position of Mexico even under the
old restrictive system of Spain, when the population did
not much exceed 6,000,000.
It is almost unnecessary to state that the great draw-
back on the resources of the country since it threw off
its Spanish connexion was the rivalry of the military
chiets that were the creations of the revolution. This
rivalry was the fertile source of intestine feuds, which
prevented anything like settled government, up to the
aggression of the United States in 1846. A regular
army, averaging upwards of 30,000 men, was kept on
loot, at an average expense of rather upwards of
12,000,000 dolls. per annum, during many years; but
notwithstanding this drawback there is not the slightest
doubt of the country having been steadily increasing its
capital. The present Government has, however, gives
ample proof that they are duly sensible of the evil re-
mitting from keeping up such a lurge military establish-
ment, and the army is now reduced to rather under
10,000 men, which are considered to be sufficient to pre-
serve order on the frontiers.

The next point upon which all the successive Govern•
meats have chiefly erred has been in imposing by far too
high a scale of duties on all articles constituting their fo-
reign;trade. This is a matter that has been remonstrated
against by the ablest men in the state, including nearly
every successive Finance Minister, as tending to di-
minish the revenue by not lets than one-half. The par-
ties that have chiefly supported the system of high duties
were the wealthy proprietors, that had never had any in-
tercourse with general society, and were deeply imbued
with the prejudices they had imbibed from their fathers,
who bad supported the system of Spanish commercial
policy. The minds of this class were artfully acted upon
by a small section in some of the principal towns, who
had some capital embarked in manufactures, and whose
motives were purely selfish, and their actions altogether
inimical to the public weal. It is on all hands ad-
mitted that the future progress of the country exclu-
sively depends upon a large modification of the tariff
of duties, and according to the recent accounts there is
every prospect that the Congress now sitting will ar-
range them on a principle that will give a vast stimulus
to the national induitry, and a corresponding increase
to the public revenue.
There are plenty of men in Mexico that thoroughly
understand the interests of the country in this respect,
and it is a great error to suppose that there is any defi-
cit.i.cy of men of talent competent to conduct their
financial affairs. Even in the midst of the contusion of
the civil wars the Finance Ministers indicated no lack
of ability, but as we have above stated they were baffled
in carrying out their plans by the narrow views and
prejudices of a majority of their representatives.
Amongst others Dun Antonio Gray, from his published
works, clearly showed that he was fully master of the
whole subject. Some of these Ministers, from a careful
investigation, showed that more than halt the imports
into the country were contraband, by which the collec-
tors of the revenue were corrupted, and the public in-
come diminished i❑ proportion. It will be obvious also
that the system would greatly check the consumption,
from the disproportionate prices of commodities com-
pared with what they would have been under a moderate
scale of duties. If these two main evils, therefore,
are corrected, as they at present promise to be by the
de facto Government of Mexico, no doubt can be enter-
tained that the Government will have ample means to
cover all current expenses, inclusive of the interest on
the national debt.

Thu Mexican people are only a little later in waking
this movement than some of the states on the Pacific,
who have much less ample resources. Chili, for example,
went on for many years in the same state of anarchy,
arising from precisely the tame source—viz., keeping.up
a large standing army, and the rivalry of the officers
that had sprung up out of the revolutionary contest.
They went also into the same error respecting the, com-
mercial tariff, and both evils were corrected in Chili by
the individual energy of Don Manuel Ilengifo, who was
fortunately called to administer the finances of that-state.
acid succeeded in reducing the army to a police force,
and opening the country to foteign enterprise by a free
admission of emigrauts and a molerate scab.; of import
duties. Peru more recently, chiefly also by the single
efforts of an individual, has imitated the course pursued
by Chili, end promises to meet with equal success. And
with these examples before them, and the advantageous
consequences, the Mexican Government sad Legislature
have a power►ul stimulus to induce them to persevere in
a similar course.

There are some other points of the subject which our
space requires us to defer to a future time.
We have been at considerable pains to consult s variety
of authorities, but we recommend those interes•ed in
Mexican affairs to a compilation made by R. C. Wylie,
who collected information for the committee of South
American bondholders, and which work was published
by Bally Brothers, Royal Exchange-buildiage.—Mors-
ing Paper.

[ADVERTISEMENT.
_I—CONSUMPTION, BR ONCEIIAL,
ASTHMA, INFLUENZA, &C.—The fulloWillg cases ut the
severest forms of disease are selected from the clinical
report published by Dr. Cronin:—Mrs. Osborne, 8, Ox-
ford. street; Mr. Morley, Messrs. Croncock and Co., Bow
Churchyard; Mujor Lynch (late 14th Foot), 7, Wood-
land-place, St. John's Wood; Mr. Bryant, 7, Padding-
ton-street Marylebone; Mademoiselle Duprez, Royal
Academy of Music; Miss Erwood, 72, New Bond-street;
Miss Robb, at the Baroness Bassett's, Tehidy Park, near
Truro, Cornwall; Mrs. Thurtnott, 29, Bedford-street-
, Covent Garden; Mrs. Williams, Portobello Arms,
Kentish New Town; —, 14, Leicester-place, Leicester,
square.
MR. GEORGE OWEN, TEE CELEBRATED TEAGE
DlAN,—This clever artiste who so successfully managed
the Wrexham Theatre, and also our own during fasttheaments
autumn races, has been fulfilling * series of engagements
dEtnhgelatanllititahnd attraction
Tc"; a"nd Perth'
in Scotland and the north of
Oldham, have
not whpututnhdaet crowded
Mr. George Olken re-opens
te
the 26th
of this young roam Mr. G. Ow pp ars at Oswestry
he
on Tuesday, and when we consider how popular he is in
:Niosturntl htesn'Sehgileenlndveearr,
angers use,ti
eh
ei Shields, ,
oilgu'eboirlt-na d_
e
we
this part
mtbheeTcountry,thheea
tresult.re
en
September next,
when will be presented to his patrons a host of London
talent, with some of the f • avountes of last season.—
Chester Chronicle.
tbhoeusievsrewxihilat.

renTsmovrn, APRIL 15.--The post of Town
Major of tbis garrison, vacant by the decease of the late
Major White, is still in abeyance, and it is probable that
the situation will be abolished. Mr. Dodd, chief clerk in
the lieutenant-governor's office, has retircd on superan-
nuated allowance, and a new arrangement will be made
in the appointment of a non-commissioned officer from
the Guards to assist in the office, which will effect a small
saving of expense. _

ADVERTISEMENT.]—A perfect Cure of Dropsy by
Holloway's Pills.--Alrs. Lambert, of Swan-street, Newcastle,
had enjoyed the best of health until the meridian of life, at that
critical period she: was attacked with dropsy, attended by a
very troublesome cough. The medical aid of reveal eminent
practitioners was procured, but their efforts failed to remove or
even abate the rigour of the disease. The water in her body
and legs increased so rapidly that Bars were entertained that
she could not long survive. At this crisis she commenced
taking Holloway's Pills, which acted so powerfully on her com-
plaint that its progress was immediately arrested, and in the
course of two months the cure was complete.—Sold
by all
Druggists, and at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244,
Strand, London. •
Nr,W QALCULATING MACHINE.—Li 0 miserably
poor 3 oung teen, residing 'in at, obscure village, in the
department of the Isere, in France, have succeeded, it
is said, filter ten years' labour, in completing a machine
declared to be superior to any yet invented. The ilea-
dewy of Sciences have issued a moat "eulogistic mote!
Ailden