The Sun.
London, England, 1849-04-09 00:00:00

T° THE ELECTORS OF SHEFFIELD.
GENTLEMEN,—Ti:, invitation that you have been so kind
as
to send to me, requesting me to become a candidate tar your stiff-
raites at the coming Election, I at once accept—thanking yell most
sincerely for this signal and unexpected mark- of your esteem and ap-
probation.
I say approbation, because I thus construe your invitation. Of
my political life you have taken note—and noting, have approved.
You say that my past actions have been such as to win your confi-
dence. To those acts I must refer you, as the best and most ccan-
ptete evidence of my p,litical opinions. Eighteen years ago, when
for the first time I was about to solicit the suffrages of my country-
men, in the hope that they would place me in the proud position of a
representative of the people, I stated at some length the principles
which wivuld guide my conduct upon all the great questions of policy
which then occupied the attention of the nation. 'lo that statement
I could now rater, and for the same purpose : I could reter to it, not
only as an exposition of my private opinions, but as a test by which
to try the consistency of my performance and my professions. The
experience of Litany years has, I hope, made me Wiser, and taught
me the mode most conducive to the practise' application of the prin-
ciples which I profess—but from the principles themselves I have not
eparted.
The years that have elapsed since 1832 have indeed settled very
few of the questions which at that period interested and divided ti- e
whole people. We have advanced—and are advancing--hut at every
step the contest of opinions is renewed, and we have almost every
day to re-state the arguments 1 y which each separate victory has
been obtained.
On the great and leading questions of constitutional reform,
though much has been done, mutat remains to be accomplished.
The molly anotnalies of our electoral system have yet bs be removed
—a fuller scope must be given to the popular will—and numerous
classes who are now unwisely excluded must be brought within the
pale of the Constitution. Es cry statesman who really desires here-
after to provide for the well-being of the people will seriously con-
sider the question of the suffrage, in order to bring about speedily,
though cautiously, a la, ge extension of it.
31y opinion as to the best mode of taking the votes at elections I
have seen no reason to change. In order that opinion may be
freely expressed, the ballot seems to me absolutely indispensable.
In short, though the Reform Act was a great step in advance,
still the increasing intelligence of the country demands, and will in
its proper time attain, a reform of the Reform Act.
Although we cannot hope to win and retain complete good govern-
ment itself without perfection in the means, yet we most not pos,-
pone all other reforms until those of the Constitution are attained.
Our endeavours may at the same time be directed to many objects,
and I therefore proceed to touch upon some which appear at the
present moment of the highest importance.
Though, in my opinion, a Government cannot do much directly to
procure wealth and comfort for a people, it can, and unfortunately
does, do much improperly to diminish their substance, and thereby
their comfort. Unnecessary expense—unmeaning, misch'evous re-
strictions upon the industrious labours of the people, have in all
ages been the vice of Governments. But the vigilance of the popu-
lar leaders must now be directed to curb this evil—not only must we,
then, enforce a rigid economy, but we must require that a perfectly
free trade should give fall scope for the active energies of an indus-
trious nation. -
Connected with this subject in many ways, and with the wells
being of mankind in many more, is the great subject of colonization.
The colonies of England have been planted in spite of the 'mischie-
vous interference, and not by the aid of the. Government of England.
It is high time that the intelligence of her people should act upon our
rulers, and make them directly useful in extending our name, our
language, our institutions, and the blessings of an enlightened religion,
over the vast regions which nominally own our rule, but which lie
useless to us. and to mankind To this end, it appears to me that tine
whole subject of our colonies calls for a complete and immediate
revision.
While speaking of expense, and the impolicy and injustice of our
conduct towards certain outlying portions of our territories, I must
not forget a part of the empire itself, an integral and most important
portion of the United Kingdom —I mean unfortunate Ireland. 'Our
conduct to Ireland has been, till a few years 'since, one continued
acct. of terrible injustice ;_ and we - 2101V'' wonder that tile people,
whom we have treated as slaves for centuries, should sot have
tho virtues and habits of free men. There is now but one course
of wise policy as regards Ireland. We must establish rigid justice
throughout the land. We must suffer no party, no sect, no class to
domineer over asy o her; and to this•maintenance of peace among
her hitherto contending sons, our efforts must be confined. if we do
more, we shall do serious injustice to the people of England and
Scotland, and render no service to those of 'lrelands If we were to-
morrow to transfer the whole wealth 41 England to Ireland, we
should only create waste, idleness, and vice. A people must work
out their own regeneration, an?, acquire wise. frugal, and virtuous
habits, by leading a wise, frugal, and virtuous life. The wealth
that is not acquired by labour is but trio often squandered ill ex•
travagance.
I.have spoken above of extending over our wide and yet unsettled
territories the inestimable benefits of an enlightened religion. This
naturally calls my attention to the situation of religion among our-
selves, both as regards doctrines and establishments.
I-am myself a member of the Church ut England. I was eln
cated as a member of the Established Church ; and after a care ul
consideration I have seen no reason to leave the fellowship of my
childhood and youth. But this determination ha, been formed after
consideration, and is the result of my own wit , utte ly independent
of that or any o her man. What, then, I have demanded for myself
—the right that I have vindicated in my own person—l d.:man to
all others. I insist upon religious as well as civil liberty. If my
mind be entSralled by arnitrary will, and not led by the suasion of
reason, I am more a slave than if you pm my body in chains. While
I demand for all this freedom, which I have exercise t myself, I
proceed yet further. I hold every coercion on this subject impolitic,
as well es unjust. You may compel to outward observance, and to
fa'se declarations ; you may create hypocrisy and discontent ; but at
W rd of command you cannot make men believe.
With this view, therefore, I am led. to deprecate, on all proper
occasions, every attempt to make establishments which exist for the
purpose of promoting any pecaliar religious opinion State establish-
ments. In a country like ours, of complicated relations, of long-
established habits and opinions, I cannot expect that my opinions on
such a subject should be immediately acceded to; and lam not
prone to feel hurt or to take offence when I find men differ from me
concerning it. But though we cannot change at once what has been
long established, we can far more easily prevent new steps in a wrong
direction ; aid, therefore, to any extension of such religious estab-
lishments I shall direct unceasing opposition.
Within the narrow limits of an address like the present, I cannot
do more than indicate my views, and touch upon the leading opinions
I hold. From this general view, however, an accurate conception
can be attained by -you of tine political character of the m at you
htie invited; and an opportunity will, I hope, be soon afforded me
Of 'explaining, to the satisfaction of all whom the matter may in-
terest, my present feelings and future plans respecting our domestic
Amy 'exposition, however general. which emitted a reference to
our foreign relations and policy would be indeed incomplete. My
belief on this subject is, that our true policy consists in abstaining
from all idle interineddling with the affairs of other nations. Every
nation in Europe has at this time enough to occupy its attention in
settling its own affairs ; and the history of Europe, frem the year
1830 to the present time, when compared with the history of Europe
from 1793 to 1515, is the best argument which historical experience
can offer in favour of leaving a people to regulate and arrange for
themselves their own internal affairs. Interference in 1793 kindled
the flames of war over. ths whole world—a war unequalled for the
blood that was shed and the wealth squandered in its terrible and
disastrons conflicts. Non-interference in 18:10 has allowed Europe
a chance of peace, and holds out to us a hope that the struggling
people will, in every nation of the great European family, eventually
attain the inestimable benefits of a well•regulated popular Govern-
ment. _ _

I must end, Gentlemen, an I began, by expressing to you my
hearty thanks for the honour you have conferred on me, and by
placing myself at your disposa', f.r the coming election, I am
ready, when it shall so pl ase you, to present stysQlf to your notice,
and submit to all such inquiry as you may think right. Having
nothing to conceal, I have no fear of inquiry.

I beg to remain, Gentlemen;
Your most obliged and faithful Fervant,
J. A. 1101:III:CK,

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