The Sun.
London, England, 1825-03-03 00:00:00

TILE LONDON JOURNALS•

DA 1 IX
Extraetsfrom the Morning 13(pers,March 3,1525.

rTHE PUBLIC LEDGER.]
The last link of the Spanish chain, which had
30 long kept the finest and richest provinces in
The New World in a state of the most abject
subjection, is now broken ; and Peru is hale-
pendent. This most important intelligence reach-
ed ,town—yesterday ; and from the official docu-
ments that_ are to be found in a subsequent co-
lumn, it will be seen that La Perna, Canterac,
and Valdez have submitted to the liberating
N. general engagement had previously
army.
taken place, which occurred on the 9th of
Dptember, at a place called Guainanguilla,
in which the Royalists were totally routed.
General Sucre commanded the Colombians, and
the Viceroy, La Serna, who was opposed to him,
is said to have been severely wounded. In the
capitulation that followed, by which the Royalist
troops agreed to lay down their arms, there is a
stipulation for the immediate surrender of
the important fortress of Callao, in which, it
is reported, that the Asia and other Spanish
shipS of the line in that port are included. It
-would appear that General Bolivar was at Lima
when the fate of Peru was decided at Guaman-
guitla ; and we mention this circumstance„merely
to chew that the independence of South America
does not depend on his single arm, much as it is
indebted to his exertions. His services in the
cause will constitute, it is true, the grateful theme
of all future ages ; and, however high the destinies_
that may await mankind, his name will still re-
tain its lustre, amidst every successive change for
the better in the condition of civil society. But,
his merits, prominent as they are, do not consti-
tute the single guarantee, upon which the fortunes
of South America rest ; and, from the decisive
battle, which has sealed, we trust for ever, the
independence of Peru, it is clear that they have
another prop in the talents of General Sucre.
There are, however, many men on the same side,
the:,: had the same opportunity, would
signalize themselves in a manner equally honour-
able ; and, in this respect, their cause distin-
guishes itself from that of their opponents, that
it never can want a leader capable of sustaining
its energies. On the contrary, the triumphs of
despotism have been always due to•the mere ac-
cident of an extraordinary man having been ar-
rayed on its side ; and it uniformly declined with
the disappearance of the accidental circumstance,
which had thrown round it a temporary halo.--
The deep interest which the people of this coun-
try have in the independence of the. New World,
is too well appreciated, to requrrethat'ive should
say much on the subject. As freemen they sym-
pathize with the efforts 'of every people who are
struggling to raise themselves to the same rank ;
as every victory that freedom acquires in one
part of the world, strengthens the cause in every
other place. The liberties of the New World,
in proportion as they acquire consistency,serve to
impart stability to those of the people of Foegland ;
and in this point of view alone the inde-
pendence of the New American States- would be
of inestimable value to the British nation. In the
Old World every thing seemed to merge, until
very recently, into despotism ; and, with this
general tendency, it became a problem, how long
England could resist the impulse. The contagi-
ous-effects of example, and the influence of never
ceasing intrigue, would have evaporated with
open violence ; and how long we could have main-
tained our ground against the rest of the world
would be very problematical. But the triumphs
of freedom in the New World have, in a great
measure, or rather wholly, removed this cause
of alarm, by rousing our energies as touch as
they have paralyzed those of the partisans of
arbitrary power. As a commercial people,
too, we have an interest in the triumphant
efforts of our Transatlantic brethren, only se-
condary to that we have just mentioned. Their
markets literally offer a boundless field for
the employment of British capital, and for the
display of the enterprising spirit of the British
merchants. Our trade with them is certain to
keep pace with their prosperity ; and that there
are no limits to that prosperity, whilst it is based
upon the principle of good government, we know
from our own experience. By their alliance,
also, they will add to our weight in the political
scale of the world ; and, in our various relations,.
as a free, commercial, and powerful people, we
have the deepest stake in the fortunes of the new
American States, and must exult in their success
almost as much as if it were the result of our
awn efforts.

[TIIE TIMES.]
In another part of our paper will be found an
official account of the triumph of the Independent
cause in Peru.--( See THE SUN of yesterday.)—
This brilliant success, which may be regarded as
the decisive blow to Spanish dominion in the
western world, was exclusively communicated to
the public in a considerable portion of our yes-
terday's impression. In our paper of Thursday
last, we published official bulletins, or a regular
narrative of events, from Bolivar's head-quarters,
down to the 4th of October. Ilk army was then
at Chuquileamba, in pursuit of the Spanish
forces commanded by the three Generals who
still adhered to the cause (not of Ferdinand,
for they were Constitutionalists, but) of the
mother country. A long interval of more than
sig weeks intervenes between that time and the
date of the dispatch from Lima of the 18th of
December, during which we have no details of
the proceedings of the Liberator, the progress
and positions of his troops,
or the marches and
enemies. We have, manoeuvres of his indeed, in
that interval, one glorious day, the result of which
is sufficient to satisfy our wishes,though our
cariosity may for some time remain engratified.
It will probably be found that
the distinguished
leader of the Independent army havingdonealithat
he could to bring .the Spaniards to action on the
Apurimac, and being unable to effect his pur-
po,- bx their continued retreat, stationed his
army between them and the capital, and pro-
ceeded to Lima to organize the Government,
considering the war as terminated when he had

left the enemy no resource but in flight—no
safety but in dispersion or submission. In sup-
port of this supposition, it ought to be recollect-
ed that Bolivar was appointed, not only the -Mi-
litary. Chief but the Political Dictator of Peru,
and that he had to restore the internal Govern-
ment, as well as subdue foreign usurpation. It is
not improbable that the Spanish Generals, learn-
ing his absence from the army, may have thought
the occasion favourable for striking a blow—a pro-
ceeding which was rendered the mere urgent from
the threatening position of Olaneta. Another con-
jecture may he hazarded on this subject, as from
the absence of fact we are left to hypothesis.—
Taking the dispatches as they stand, we find
that Bolivar is absent ; we find that his second
in command fights a decisive battle, and that not
only are the enemy's troops defeated, but the
four Generals who commanded them are taken
prisoners. To explain this, may we. not suppose
that the plan of submission had been arranged
before the engagement, and that defeat was only
the excuse for terminating a resistance which
was now considered as desperate ? After the
defection of Olaneta, and the commencement
of hostilities between him and his colleagues, in
the face of their common enemy, and in a posi-
tion where their success, if not their existence,
depended upon their union, nothing could sur-
prise us in the conduct of Spanish Chiefs. But,
whatever were the circumstances in which this
battle was fought,and whatever was the previous
conduct of the parties who engaged in it, it is
gratifying to think that it puts an end in
one day to a long course of colonial oppres-
sion, and terminates a series of not very san-'
guinary, but certainly very hopeless conflicts
on the part of the mother country. The
whole of Spanish Continental America may be now
regarded as free from the yoke of Ferdinand and
his. advisers, and except in the small fortress of
St. Juan de Ulloa, not a single Spanish soldier
exists with arms in his hands in any part of the
ancient American dominions of the Spanish
Crown. The conquests of Cortes and Pizarro—
the empires of Montezuma and of the Incas—are
now as free from the despotic influence of Old
Spain as they were about three hundred years
ago, before a Spanish adventurer approached
their shores. What a glorious spectacle is present-
ed to civilized Europe in the changes which have
occurred, not since the discovery of the Western
World, but in the last two or three years of its
history—twenty million of men occupying a vast
continent containing unexplored and incalculable
resources—suddenly shaking off the bondage and
prejudices of three centuries—adopting institu-
tions calculated to promote their commercial
eminence and secure their civil freedom, and
starting on their political career from a point
which ancient states have reached only by slow
degrees, and after painful struggles, in possession
of all the knowledge of enlightened times, and
intimately connected by relations of trade and
friendship with the two greatest nations of the
world—England and the United States—which
aid their exertions, and rejoice in their rising
prosperity !

[NEw TIMES.]
There cannot be a more striking proof of the
marked distinction which exists in the minds of
Englishmen between their sentiments toward the
Catholics, and toward the Catholic Association,
than the Parliamentary division of yesterday
morning, and that of the morning of Wednesday
se'unight. The Catholic Association was con-
demned by a majority of 278 to 123: the Ca-
tholics were supported by a majority of 247
to 234. This distinction we have drawn as
strongly as it was in our power to do. We re-
probated the Catholic Association, because
we considered it to be dangerous to the Consti-
tution and injurious to the Catholics them-
selves ; hut we have always expressed our ardent
hope, that by wise and conciliatory measures the
religious animosity which exists between Pro-
testant and Catholic might be extinguished. We
dreaded the results of such an animosity—results
alike perilous, in our view of the subject, to
the Church of England and to the State of Eng-
land. Nye had hoped that the Catholic Ques-
tion would have beets brought forward by
one of these eminent persons on the Minis-
terial side of the House who had so recent-
ly avowed their sentiments in its favour. Our
only reason for that wish was, that it might ❑ot
have the appearance of a party question. Can-
dour, however, obliges us to confess, that Sir
Francis Burdett did not treat the subject at all
in the spirit of party. He was seconded by a
Ministerial Member : and upon the whole, there
was never perhaps a Debate conducted more
purely on national grounds than that which
was concludFd yesterday morning. The ap-
pearance of MS. Canning struggling with severe
indisposition to give the powerful aid of his
eloquence to the Hon. Baronet, to whom he is
politically so much opposed, presented a striking
feature in the debate ; nor must we overlook the
important fact, that Mr. Stuart Wortley, the Re-
presentative of the vast and wealthy County of
York, came forward to proclaim his decided opi-
nion that there never would be peace in the Em-
pire until the Catholic Claims were conceded.—
Upon the whole, this great question appears to
he now placed in a fair train for candid discus-
sion. It would he idle, however, to deny that
opinions are greatly divided on it in England, or
to expect that great difficulties may not yet arise
in carrying any salutary measure on the subject
through both Houses of Parliament.

[MORNING POST.]
The independence of the New Work) is esta-
blished. The,feeble remnants of war which lin-
gered in Peru have 'passed away, as they bad
previously done from the other States; and
throughout the vast expanse of the southern
limb of the American Continent, there is not at
this moment one Spanish division in arms in the
cause of Ferdinand and DOfficial
Despotism.
Dispatches from Lima, dated the 18th of De-
cember, and addressed to the Colombian Go-
vernment, by order of Bolivar, were received
yesterday from Carthagena, and have brought
this, important and gratifying intelligence.—lt
appears that the action whichannihilated the
Spanish power in the New World was fought

on the 9th of December by the allied army
under General Sucre, and the collected forces
of La Serna, Valdez, Canterac, Carratela; in a
word, all the Spanish Chiefs who still maintained
the contest, and who were all taken prisoners by
ohe triumphant Patriots. The battle took place
in the plains of Guamanguilla, the seat of the
pretended victory claimed by the Madrid Gazette,
which must have known the real state of the case
at the time when it published that gross fabrica-
tion. The Viceroy La Serna having been wound-
ed early in the action, resigned the chief com-
mand to Canterac, who finding himself completely
overpowered, capitulated with his whole army and
all the Generals belonging to it, and even stipu-
lated and sent orders for the surrender of the
fortress of Callao,of the Spanish ships of war (the
Asia and the frigates) lately arrived from Europe,
and of all the Royal Chiefs in other parts of the
country. Bolivar seems to have been at that
period in the capital, probably engaged in or-
ganizing the Government. The copies of the
Capitulation, the orders sent by Canterac and
the dispatches of General Sucre had not reach-
ed him, as Lieutenant-Colonel Medina, who
carried them, had been attacked and killed on his
way by some Royalists, but he had received dis-
patches from General Santa Cruz, announcing the
event, and confirming it in all its particulars. So
well satisfied was he of its correctness, that he
had not only ordered it to be communicated
to the Colombian Government, but had counter-
manded the new levies making in Colombia, for
the prosecution of the war, and had declared that
he considered the 4,000 men of the Panama ex-
pedition quite suclicient to secure the indepen-
dence of Peru. This important, but not unex-
pected intelligence, is the more gratifying, as it
coined in support and proof of the wisdom and
timely aptitude of the policy adopted by hi:,
Majesty's Ministers towards the South Ame-
rican States, and will enable them to render
general what has hitherto only been a partial
measure. As soon as official accounts of
these glorious events shall have been commu-
nicated in due form to our Government, there
is no doubt that the recognition granted to
• Mexico, Colombia, and Buenos Ayres, will be
extended to Peru and to Chili, which is no
longer exposed to danger through its vicinity to
the seat of war. Even the most fastidious Mem-
bers of the Holy Alliance have WO excuse left for
withholding a similar recognition, and though it
is not likely that they will be wise enough to do
so just and political an act immediately, they can
no longer complain of its being done by others.

[BRITISH PRESS.]
The Paris papers of Sunday are filled in great
measure with the South American intelligence,
received in London last week. They also contain
some ad vices from Greece, bringing no fresh news,
but contradicting the groundless rumours respect-
ing the landing of a Turkish force in the Morea.
The Austrian Observer, the persevering and de-
termined foe of the Greeks, is compelled at last to
admit that all is well on their side, though it adds,
Ibrahim Pacha" will make preparations for a real
expedition." The edi tor of theEtollecomments with
just severity on the idle and absurd malignity of
this passage. The' preparations" of the Turks for
the re-conquest of the Peloponnessus are not
much less ridiculous than those of Ferdinand
VI C. for the subjugation of South America. The
Austrian Observer repeats, after the Greek Jour-
nals, without venturing to contradict the fact,
that the " internal troubles of the Morea are
entirely appeased ;" and it states on its own
au-
thor that Omar Pacha has proceeded with
his troops from Arta to Joannina, contrary to
the Sultan's order to repair to Salonichi. "
If
this be the case," adds the Austrian Observer,
" there is nothing for him to do, but formally
to join the insurgents." In _this way, as we
have often predicted, the insurrection against
Ottoman despotism will spread, until the empire
is in danger of a general dismemberment, from
the intolerable pressure of the vices of its weak
and barbarous Government. The difficulty will
be, not for the Greeks to withstand the attacks
of a Power, which, for the last.four years, it has
" beaten and humbled " in every campaign, and
in every encounter, but in case the war he con-
tinued, for the Turks to find the means of hold-
ing together the unwieldy and heterogeneous
mass which yet submits to their sway. The
Journal des De'!bats states, that it is believed
at Paris, by persons of good information, that
the object of Prince de Metternich's visit to
that capital is to ascertain the opinion of the
French Cabinet relative to the affairs of Greece.
The mission of Mr. Stratford Canning to St. Pe-
tersburgh is also said to be exclusively directed
to the same end. M. de Metternich will remain
at Paris until May. lie will afterwards proceed
to Milan, where, it is said, an interview will take
place between the Emperors of Russia and Aus-
tria. The Greek Committee at Paris is diligently
and effectively employed in aiding the cause of
the Patriots. " Let us hope," says the Journal
des Debats, in conclusion, " that the year will
not pass away without the policy of Europe be-
ing fixed both with regard to Greece and Ame-
rica. Finally, legitimacy, reason, and liberty,
must make themselves heard." - •

[MORNING HERALD.]

There was, last night, in the House of Com-
mons, an extended conversation on the Liver-
pool and Manchester Railway Bill ; it had ex-
cited so much interest, that the House and the
gallery were nearly as crowded as when Sir F.
Burdett brought forward the Catholic Question
on the previous evening.. It was slightly opposed
on the ground that it would interfere with the
Bridgewater Canal, etc. -where vast sums were
invested on Parliamentary faith. Mr. Huskisson
defended the Bill, as a public man ; not on ac-
count of his connection with Liverpool, maintain-
ing that the commerce of that part of the kingdom
had, within a short time, quadrupled—that it had
doubled within the last two or three years, while
the means of conveyance remained the same. Se-
veral other Members spoke in favour of the Bill,
many of them being Irish Members, all the
Members from
that part of the-United Kingdom
having received instructions from their consti-

tuents to support this Bill. It was read a se-
cund time, and sent to an open Committee,
but not till Mr. Brougham had expressed the
hope that in such a Committee there would
be no " corrupt jobbing" for votes. He added,
if he heard of any thing of the kind, on whatever
side it might be, he should move the Call of
the House, for the sake of public justice
and example, and the credit of the Commons,
that the decision of the Committee, whatever
it was, should be negatived ; and he trusted
the he should have the support of the House in
such proceeding—a sentiment that was loudly
cheered. Incidentally much was said, by Mr.
Macdonald, Mr. Brougham, &c. of the late Duke
of Bridgewater's confidence in his Canal Scheme,
and in his engineer, Mr. Brindley ; but so great
were the Duke's sacrifices, in promotion of his
plans, that it was declared he had at one
time " expended his last guinea, and mort-
gaged his lost acre." Sir 11. Parnell gave
notice that, April 14, he should move that the
House resolve into a Committee on the Acts
relative to the Irish Linen Trade and Bounties.
Mr. Beaumont, Mr. Probyn, the Marquis of
Tavistock, &c., were ordered to be taken into
custody of the Serjeant at Arms, for not having
attended the late Call of the House ; but the
order was only just made against Mr. Beaumont
when he appeared in the lobby One of the
messengers announced to him that " he was
in custody ;" on payment of the fees, he was re-
leased from the virtual detention. The fees for
a County Member (Mr. B. represents Northum-
berland) are 101. 3s. 4d, ; but for a Burgess,
only 71. 6s. Sd. These and other fees go to a
fund at the Treasury, according to a recent Act,
to pay the fixed salaries of the Clerks and Officers
of the House. Messengers will be sent in pur-
suit of the other Members, to follow them where-
ever they may be ; and the Members will have
to pay the expellees of such journeys, in addi-
tion to the specified fees of the Serjeant at Arms.
Mr. Brougham moved that the several Members
be taken into custody.

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]
The Liverpool and Manchester Rail-road Bill,
which is very ungraciously opposed by certain
exalted individuals, was read a second time last
night, and referred to a Committee. If the aver-
ments of the projectors of the Rail-road shall be
substantiated in the Committee, we really think
the rejection of this Bill would reflect deep dis-
grace on all who contributed to sucit a result.—
Mr. Iluskisson, in a speech which did him great
credit, made several statements which no one at-
tempted to contradict, namely, that goods
have been delayed, both at Manchester and
Liverpool, a fortnight at a time, for want of
conveyance, to the great injury of the com-
merce of those places—that there would
he abundant employment for both the ex-
isting Canals and the Rail-road, and that
allowing for any possible diminution of rate of
carriage on the Canals, the remuneration would
still be ample. Mr. Phillips, who opposed the
motion, questioned the accuracy of the calcula-
tions of Mr. Sandars, establishing a great supe-
riority in dispatch in the case of the Rail-road,
and contended that the distances by water were
exaggerated ; but he did not question the state-
' ment, that goods were often long delayed at pre-
sent for want of conveyance ; and even allowing
' therefore, that the advantages of the Rail-road
were exaggerated, the only losers, in that case,
would be the projectors. If the Rail-road can-
not he put in successful competition with a Canal,
as he alleges, so much the better for the Holders
of Shares in Canals. We trust, with Mr.
Brougham, that " the House will now do
its utmost to redeem its credit with the coun-
try on the subject of business of this kind."—
It would be a dreadful thing, indeed, if one
or two rich individuals, actuated merely by
caprice, were to succeed in throwing impediments
in the way of the successful prosecution. of manu-
facturing industry and commerce in such an im-
portant district as the one in question. We can-
not, however, anticipate any such influence
to individuals as that they will succeed in
putting down an undertaking, which the most
distinguished commercial men of Liverpool and
Manchester have deemed of importance. The
eyes of the country will, however, be fixed in-
tensely on the Legislature on the occasion ; and
should the measure fail, without any satisfactory
reason accounting for it, the discontent among
commercial men will no doubt be very great.

ST. PETERSEURGH, FEB. 2.—The Governor.
General of the Baltic Provinces, Lieut.-General PATILUZZI,
will shortly lead to the Altar of Hymen the accomplished Ma-
demoiselle COBELET, daughter of Major-General C
The lady was only recently appointed to be one of the Dania
d'Honneur to their Majesties the Empresses.—A day or two
ago a society of reputed gamblers were arrested upon high
authority in this city, and committed to prison.—The Council
of the Empire have determined that the value of the silver
ruble shall be fixed at 3 rubles 60 copecs in all commercial
dealings, which Decree has been confirmed by the Emperor.
It was formerly notified that the Foreign Bureau would pub-
lish a weekly list of the foreign trade, &c. in this capital. NVe
can now add, that the Minister of Finance will, in like manner,
publish a journal, which will exhibit the state of internal trade,
and the progress made in manufactures. Mr. Von STituvE,
College Assessor, son of Mr. Von S. many years his Majesty's
representative at Hamburgh, has been honoured by the Em-
peror with the order of Knighthood of Saint Wladimer, fourth
class, as a reward for his great industry, zeal, anti abilities.

According to a Berlin paper of the 15th ult.,
it appears,that in the early part of the month the
mountains of Silesia had been visited with storms
of a most tempestuous nature, accompanied with
so heavy a fall of snow as was not remembered
by any one living. On the 3d February
the weather had reached what might be term-
ed the very acme of tempestuousness. The
snow continued to fall incessantly for thirty
hours. In the district of Neurode, laden
waggons were buried so deep in the snow
that it was necessary to unyoke the horses
to prevent them from
perishing ; the waggons
were afterwards dug out with great difficulty.
At Wesel on the sth, at two o'clock in the after-
noon, the lightning twice struck the church
steeple, and killed a watchmaker, who happened
to be in the steeple at the time. AV Dorsten, on
the same day, three poor men perished from the
inclemency of the weather.