The Sun.
London, England, 1849-05-26 00:00:00

ception beyond the Atlantic, may weigh one against
another their merits end demerits, their resources
and deficiencies, and may then at his own
good will and pleasure, and wiih a sense of
comparative security, make a rational and
deliberate selection. He may then neither dread the
chance of finding himself inhaling the miasmas
of some Icarie glittering with golden sands and
roseate blossoms on the peges of M. CABET,
but in reality reeking with nothing but pu-
trescent fogs and pestilential odours; nor shud,
der at the possibility of waking in the heart of
a second Eden (not the Eden of " Genesis," but of
" Chuzzlewit"), and of having every two minutes
to obeyt hat very alarming recommendation of MARK
TAPLEY—" When you see a serpent, like a corkscrew,
a-sittin' on its bottom ring, cut him down,
for he means wenom ! " Mr. SIDNEY SMITH goes
very far indeed towards the prevention of that odious
humbug which is still too prevalent in the United
States—the humbug relating to the sale of swampy
and unfruitful lands under the impression that each
little plot of ground is a paradise.
Scarcely any movement in life requires such vigi•
lent circumspection as that of the settler. Leaving
the only country with which, in all likelihood, he
has acquired any accurate knowledge, crossing a
broad expanse of ocean to localities hitherto unknown
to him except by name, the emigrant is, of all mortals,
the most probable victim, from the peculiarity of
his situation, of all sorts of snares and pitfalls.
Generally speaking, he knows nothing just
when knowledge is the most essential. Unable
to see things correctly with his own eyes, his only
resource consequently is to see them with the eyes of
others ; but in order to render him secure in the correct-
ness of the information thus obtained he must be
satisfied of the trustworthiness of his informant. For
these reasons we cannot but regard this volume from
the pen of Mr. SIDNEY SMITH as one which must
prove in a thousand particulars altogether inestimable.
His philosophy, moreover, is wholly genial, like that
which suffuses such an agreeable charm over the
writings of the gallant but unfortunate RUXTON. In
proof of this take the following felicitous comparison
of the comforts and inconveniences of emigration :

"A new country is the paradise of the poor—but it is
the pandemonium of the rich, and especially purgatory
to the female branches of all who are well to do. Those
artificial and conventional advantages, those conveniences
whose value is only known when they are lost, those
endless fitnesses and accommodations which are gradu-
ally supplied in an old county} as their need is perceived,
the emigrant travels away from, and will strorgly feel
the want of. The mere cockney will be thoroughly
miserable in the new mode of existence which every
emigrant must enter upon. The nightman, the shoe-
black, the newsman, the omnibus, the two-penny post,
he will see little of. The water will not be laid on, nor
the drain connected with the soil-pipe. Wooden houses
have chinks—logs are not so convenient as coal—rooms
are small, and not very snug—the doors and sashes do
not fit—the hinges and floors creak—household second-
ary luxuries are dear—and the whole family must be
very much their own servants. Nobody will cringe and
bow to them, and just bring to their door the very thing
they want, when they want it. Bat then the real need,-
and requisi.ea of life will be indefeasibly theirs. It their
house and its contents be inferior, they are as good as
their neighbour's, a consideration which takes the sting
out of many disappointments. They tear no rent day,
nor poor-rate or assessed tax collector—neither game
nor fish are preserved, nor licenses needed—around them
on their own freehold are ample means of subsistence,
and a little money supplies all the rest. They need have
no care for the morrow except the consciousness that
each day their clearing is more improved and of greater
value. They have leisure, independence, peace, security.
If they can serve themselves, help each Lther, find plea-
sure in the useful activities of self help and country life,
and possess internal resources of mind and occupation,
then all such in emigrating change for the better. If
their society is bad, they can d..) without it, if an occa-
sional qualm of home sickness and the claims of father-
land come over them let them think of the toils, fears,
and anxieties they leave behind them, and be grateful fur
the change."

Further on it is quite delightful to hear him re-
minding us, with all the gusto of Rerricsort CRUsOE,
that the young colt has to be broken ; that the larder
must be stocked by the rifle and the fishing-rod; that
the sugar must be squeezed from the maple, and the
honey extracted from the clefts of old trees in the
woods ; that the cider must be mashed out of the
apples, and the wine pressed from the grapes! Oh!
says he, " think of the liberty of wearing hobnails
and frieze cloth; of living down to one's own
income in place of living up to one's neigh-
bour's; of walking abroad in primitive defiance
of a hia*.us in the elbow or armpits of one's coat ; of
the luxury of serving one's self; of making war
upon appearances by a second day's beard or a third
day's shirt, or a running short of shoe blacking!
Loneliness! monotony ! not an hour, not a minute,
without its occupation." Again, our author fails not
to give abundance of substantial encouragement, as
in the telling of such anecdotes as the one sub-
joined :
" A Scotch settler emigrating to Lower Canada with
3001, purchased 300 acre s (50 cleared), with a log-hut
and a goad framed barn, price 3001. by annual instal-
ments of 1034 the first year, and 501. each of the others,
with int( rest at 16 per cent. A yoke of oxen cost 151.,
three cows 151, ten sheep 51, a hors- 71., agricultural
implements, furniture, kitchen utensils, pigs, poultry,
&c. The first year he put in a small crop, raised fences.
cleared 3f acres of woodland, which he sowed with wheat
in September, and occupir d the autumn with his late
oats, I,otatous, and Indian corn; he hired ano.her man to
cut the trees into lengths to burn, and by the 10th of
April he had completed the clearing of 30 acres, besides
splitting rails and making firewood. In spring he had
only 501. left, and 2001. }et to pay; his 30 acres of crop
looked indifferent; there were great falls of rain; his
horse died, his sheep were devoured by wolves, and are
old sow gobbled up all his goslings. But it soon cleared
up, his Idled timber became very dry and easily burned;
lie planted 20 acres cf Indian corn between the stumps,
anti 10 acres of oats and wheat. Ihe rest of his money
was spent on clearing five acres of wheat, and in turning
his oxen into good pasture fur Montreal market in
winter; his crops were good, his potash from his burnt
timber sold well; he purchased snottier yoke of oxen,
and got in his fire-wood before winter. 'free result was
tuat, in a few years, his property was worth not less
t hi
u Illinois,3'°° which g tl;iile receivedave a deplorable
from
account his brother
oeri located
ittheir
health and condition."

Aided by publications like the present, we cannot
but augur ',hell for the future progress of the cause of
emigration.

111 E FR EiN CI-1 REP ÜBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The &bate on the conspiracy to destroy the Re-
public by a coup d'etat was resumed in the Assembly
on Thursday.
M. )dilon Barrot, President of the Council, said
that he had demanded from General Changarnier
himself an explanation respecting the order he had
given the Generals under his command. The General
loudly protested against the intention he was supposed
to have entertained of questioning the authority of the
President of the National Assembly. The decree of
the 11th of May, conferring on the President the
power to summon all the troops necessary for the
defence of the Assembly was, besides, posted up in all
the barracks. The orders he had given were purely
military.
M. Considirant then rose and said, that in the con-
versation he had had with M. Odilon Barrot the
latter had said nothing to convince him that he was
mistaken. He had told him that the misfortune of
the present times was, that every party appealed to
violence to obtain the triumph of their ideas, instead
of appealing to discussion. He then added that he
could not help admitting that detestable passions
agitated themselves round the President of the Re-
public.

M. Ledru Rollin stated, that yesterday doubts ex-
isted relative to the letter of General Changarnier, but
he had since been able tworsiut substantiate the fact. The
r satisfye
ntteno.
ri I obna
had
oa rorofitvdeiddni
different
'he explanations of
letter had been actually
iso.onfstb violated the
General Chan-
garnier
Assemblyyth e b
es possible
toldblo io
intentions,
ohse,
andha was
eento ac-
tuated and disobeyed the orders
gtrn°iel
edAbssembly,
atunadte
satisfied with that excuse! Now, on Tuesday
evening General Changarnier knew perfectly well
that the Assembly was about to declare itself ea per-
manence, acrd it was at that very hour he consigned
the troops to their barracks, and enjoined their chiefs
to obey no other orders than his own.—(" lie per-
formed his duty," cried M. Aylies.) That letter, he
maintained, was in the handwriting of the General,
and he was ready to prove it before a committee
appointed by the Assembly.
M. o,lilun Barrot here rose, and read a passage
from a letter of General Changarnier, denying having
written the orders in question, but admitting having
dictated them.
M. Clement Thomas here exclaimed, that General
Changarnier had no right to absent himself when an
act of his was under discussion, and invited the Pre.
silent to summon him to attend.—(Loud murmurs.)
M. Ledru Rollin again affirmed that the letter was
in the handwriting of the General, and that the
officer, the bearer thereof, bad given him that as-
surance. He again called on the Assembly to order
an inquiry and appoint a committee, before which
he undertook to demonstrate that rumours of a plot.
for the 28th instant circulated, with foundation, in
Paris, dtuiDg the lot thre dam twit men 14c1 been pAid

to cry " Vive Napoleon !" at the last review, and that
the same men were to be actors in the coup d'etat on
the 28th. General Changarnier, were it only to re-
assure the country, should be at his pest. The
President of the Republic, he thought, was capable
of any foolish act, after the folly he had committed in
1836. He could not be in his senses when he attacked
Lcu's Philippe, who was then so firmly sel.ted on his
throne. On being pardoned, he wrote a letter to that
Monarch expressive of his eternal gratitude, and in
1840 he recommenced, and, accompanied by a few
men disguised as soldiers, and crying " Vive l'Em•
pereur !" landed on the coast of Boulogne. Was not
that folly ?
Here an explosion of terrific murmurs arose, and
cries of " Order" echoed on all sides.
M. Odilon Barrot observed that it was impossible
that the discussion could continue with that character
of outrage for the First Magistrate of the Republic,
elected by 6,000,000 of suffrages. The President
might be constitutionally accused, but no body had a
right to insult him, and those who proclaimed them-
selves exclusive Republicans should be the last to
vilify the elect of the nation.
M. Ledru Rollin maintained that, after the two
acts he had denounced, the President was capable of
anything. He did not accuse the Ministers; he knew
their attachment to legality, but there were round
the President men who were urging him to a coup
(le main. On the 29th of January, when the
Assembly was surrounded with troops, Ministers
were ignorant of the cause of that extraordinary mi-
litary display, and nevertheless they came forward to
cover the General with their old political probity.
Ministers knew nothing of what was passing at the
Elysee. He did not charge them with conspiracy,
but with blindness. In conclusion he asked that tne
Assembly should order an inquiry.
M. Falloux, Minister of Public Instruction, said
that he had been happy to hear from the mouth of
M. Ledru Rollin that none of the responsible agents
of the Government were suspected or capable of har-
b airing any factious designs against the constitution.
The question relative to General Changarnier was
twice before
the bureaux of the Assembly and was as
often decided in a favourable manner for the General,
and he would be accordingly justified in stating
that the charges repeated against that honourable
officer were only
intended to excite passions out
of doors. M. Ledru Rollin had threatened the
country with a 10th of August. The people did not
desire a 10th of August. They neither liked trem-
blers nor those who made them tremble. France
equally despised
and rejected the men who were
capable of nothing and capable of everything, the
men who had astonished her by their inca-
pacity and impotence.—(Bravos.) M. Falloux
served the Republic far better than those who
proclaimed themselves its exclusive champions,
and by their insanity, by evoking the phantom of the
coalition and the Russian empire, by exciting irrita-
tion and appealing to revolt, hastened the advent of
despotism. If the country was in danger, as they al-
leged, they were culpable in the extreme to stir up all
passions. He would tell them that they would fall
themselves the victims of their insanity, and
reminded them of the fate of their pre-
decessors in the career of revolution. After
Bailly, Pethion was sacrificed ; after Pethion,
Barnave; after Barnave, Danton ; and after Danton,
Robespierre ; and ultimately despotism muzzled all
those tigers. Proceed in the same course, added M.
Falloux, and you must arrive at the same end.
M. Falloux was repeatedly interrupted by yells
and insulting apostrophes from the Left, and applause
from the Right, and on descending from the tribune,
he was surrounded by nearly all the Members of the
latter side and warmly congratulated. The sitting
was afterwards suspended for some moments, and the de-
bate was ultimately adjourned to the next day. In the
mean time every hour brings to light fresh proofs of the
truth of the statement of M. VICTOR CONSIDERANT,
as to the intention of the Bugeaud Falloux faction
to attempt the destruction of the Constitution,
by
violence, on the 27th May. The following is the
outline of the plot, as exposed in the Democratic
Pacifique :
In an article in that journal, M. VICTOR CONSIDE-
RANT says that Marshal BUGEAUD had written to the
present Government to inform them that now was
i
the time to act, if ever ; that in consequence t had
been determined to do as Marshal BUGEAUD advised.
The intention, therefore, was to coalesce with the
three Northern Courts, in order to stifle revolution
and democracy in all Europe. One of the results of
this accord had been the recognition, by the Emperor
of RUSSIA, of the French Republis ; then a coup
d'etat was to be attempted, but this would bringi on a
battle ; and in order to do this, MM. BARROT,
ASSY,
TRACY, and LACROSSE, who are averse to violent
measures, must be replaced by resolute men, who
would not recoil—such as BUGEAUD, FAUCHER, and
DE FALLOUY, whose irresponsible advisers should be
MM. TRIERS and CLIANGARNIER. Such is the plan
in view, continued the Democratic Pacifique. People
will be sent through Paris to excite the tied Republi-
cans, exasperated by the nomination of such a Mi-
nistry, to rise and fire on the troops, who will be
ready to receive them. The conspiracy was to break
out on the 27th, 28th, and 29th of the present month
A letter from Metz states that telegraphic orders
had been received from General CHANGARNIER for
the march of large bodies of troops from that garrison
for Paris—and also for fifty hospital nurses to be sent
to Paris, who were to arrive on the 27th. This last
order evidently proves that the General imagined
there would be fighting, and more wounded than the
Paris staff of nurses could conveniently attend to.
A similar order, as regards troops has been dis-
patched for Strasburgh, and they are now pouring
into Paris.

The Moniteur announces that Baron DE KISSELEFF
has presented his credentials as Charge d'Afrairs of
Russia.

M. DE MALESVILLE goes to Berlin on a special
mission. _ _

The Union has the following statistical details of
the new Chamber:—

All the continental elections of France are now known.
The number of representatives for our 85 departments
is "' ..... ... ... ... 734
Colonies and Algeria, as yet unknown ... ... 16

750
Of the 734 representatives now known, it is calculated
that 514 belong to the moderate party, and 220 only to the
socialist. The 734 Members are, at the present mo-
ment, somewhat reduced, in consequence of one person
being returned for more than one place. M. Ledru Rol-
lin has been returned five times. General Changareier,
Napoleon Bonaparte, and Fe ix Pyat three times, and
nineteen other members have obtained double elections.
Two representatives returned are since dead, MM. La-
cave-Laplagne and Roger (du Loiret). Thirty-one
seats are thus lett vacant in the Legislative Assembly,
which will iililityceo3r3ns9peealmtsamifnrbeesthrhsecooLfnevgtohicse talatiit)vne
of
the electoral
colleges, to fill up the vacancies, within a delay of
forty days.
Constituent
Chamber. A ssem
bly will
there, 228 have hitherto belonged to the moderate party,
and II I to the opposition of all shades. Among the
present representatives who have met with popular
ostracism may be mention the following, who, since the
4th of May, have been presidents of the National As-
eemb!y, viz. MM. Buchez, Siaard, Merle, and Armand
Marrest. Of the eleven members of the. Provisional
Ganudy EAT rir
amg eon, ,
willt Tee
haveonly,
assts
sa tßollin,ve AC ies
s eaaim ebul
yx
TLe St cretary-General of the Provisional Government,
M. Pagnerre, and the three Ministers appointed by
them, MM. Goudchaux, Bethmont, and Csrnot, have not
been re-elected to the new Assembly. Of the twelve
Ministers called to office by General Cavaignac, two
only, MM. Dufaure and Lamoric;l,-e, have been re-
elected, but both those have obtained a double election.
The Ministers named by the President of the Re-
public will all form part of the new Assembly, with
the exception of General Rullueres and Leon de Malle-
ville, who have not been re-elected, but MM. Odtlon
Barrot and Passy have each obtained a double nomina-
tion. There will be in the new Assembly one marshal
of France, twenty-six grnerals, and, without speaking
of intermediate ranks, three sub-officers, one of each
has had double elections. The navy is there repre-
sented by three admirals, and the clergy by a bishop
and four priests.
The Siecle asks whether it is true that, simultane-
ously with the departure of M. Lessk rs, M. DE
PERSIGNT, aide-de-camp of the PRESIDENT, had been
sent with secret instructions from Government to the
same quarter. _

The Veloce arrived at Marseilles on the 22d from
Civita Vecchia. M. FORBIN JANsoN, the French
charge d affaires at Rome, came as a passenger on
board her, and is,it is said, the bearer of terms for an
arrangement between the French and the Roman
Republics. The Journal des Debats announces the
conclusion of an armistice between Ueneral OUDINOT
and the Romans.
The debate on the motion of M. LEDRU ROLLIN
was resumed at the sitting of the National Assembly
yesterday, and had not concluded when the post left.
It was of a much less acrimonious character than the
discussion of the day preceding had been.
M. BarvEs, one of the Members of the Mountain,
had given notice of the following proposition :
" The National Assembly, at the moment of resigning
its sov(reign powers, desirous to testify to the National
Guard and to the army the sentiments of gratitude with
which it i 4 penetrated, for the assistance which they have
rendered it in the works of organizing and of strength-
ening the Democratic Republic—

" DECREES-
" Art. 1. That a review of the National Guard, and of
the troops of the garrison of Paris, shall take place at the
Champ de Mars on the 27th of May next, the last day of
the session of the Constituent Assembly.
"Art. 2. The National Assembly shall assist in a body
at that review. The troops shall defile before it, and be-
fore the President of the Republic.
" Art. 3. The Citizens Ministers of' the Interior and of
War shall be charged each in that which concerns the
execution of the prevent decree."
By the returns of the Bank of France of the past
week, it appears that the metallic reserve has de-
creased upwards of two and a half millions in Paris,
and about four millions in the Branch Banks. The
diacopt pcorazodittiou has incrosed iA Paris 4914

two millions, and decreased about one million in the
Branch Banks; the total amount in the former h-lug
47,359,335 francs, and in the latter 76.596 003 r.
The protested bills have diminished about 150,000 f.
in all, the amount for Paris b:•ing now 6,187,574 f.,
and in the Branch Banks 3,735,200 f. The amount
of overdue bills has decreased from 286 927 t. to
72 983 f. On the side of the liabilities, the amount of
notes in circulation has increased about four and
three quarter millions in Paris, and about one mil-
lion in the Branch Banks. The account current of
the Treasury has eecreased about two millions, the
amount now being 30:157,207f. The accounts cur-
rent of V- e public have increased nearly four niillioLs
in Paris, and decreased upwards of three millions in
the country, the amount of the former being now
93,851,902 f., and of the latter 27,439,114 f. The
whole amount of the metallic reserve is at present
about 331/ millions to about 4021 millions of notes
in circulation.