The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-16 00:00:00

be UT

WITH WHICH
THE " TRUE SUN " IS NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
TUESDAY EVENING. OCTOBER 16, 1839.

We shall now proceed to quote two other instances
of the effects of our Corn-laws, which have been com-
municated to us.

" At Heber, a village in the dominions of Hanover,"
says our friend, " I was asked by the Post-master, inn-
keeper, and farmer, a shrewd, sensible man, bearing the re-
spectable name of Michaelis, what the price of corn was
in England, and what the rate of duty on wheat was. Of
course I gave him all the information I possessed, in which
he seemed to take a deep interest. At that time the
averages had begun to decline, and the duty, which had
been at Is., had risen to 2s. Sd., and was likely to rise to
6s. Bd. lam rather glad of it,' he said, for we have
been suffering here from a rise in prices. As soon as there
was a probability that corn might be imported into England
at a low duty, inquiries from Hamburgh and Bremen
were made all through this country for wheat, though
we do not grow much, and all that could be got was bought
at an advanced price. People began then to feel alarmed,
and the price of other corn rose rapidly. It was almost
doubled, and our usual state of quiet and regularity was
completely disturbed. Some began to speculate, and
some to be frightened. This is not good for us, for we
love quietness ; and the farmers (bauers) are never so well
off as when there is an abundance of corn at a low price.
Then all goes well, and all are happy. But this sudden
demand for corn to be sent to England has deranged all
our proceedings, and we all here wish you would put an
end to those; laws.' Herr Michaelis is right, and
without repeating any more of our conversation I
can assure you that this Post-master, in the sandy
heaths of Hanover, has been made practically sen-
sible that our Corn-laws inflict an injury on him
and all his countrymen, first by excluding their
produce from our markets, stifling all the traffic which
would naturally exist between the two countries, and then,
when we are threatened with want, by exciting in their
markets a spirit of gambling and a dread of want."

No doubt what is true of Hanover is also true of
all the countries of Europe which grow any corn, and
the injury is great in proportion as their cultivation
is extensive. It is not only true, therefore, of our
Corn•laws that they injure our own people, they also
injure the people of other countries, and make them
ready to curse us, whom otherwise, as the authors of
numerous beneficial improvements which they are
eager to adopt, they would be ready to bless and ad-
mire. It is, however, quite consistent with the name
we have given to the Corn-laws, that they should
cherish animosity and hatred between nations disposed
to love and sustain each other, as they sow animosity
and hatred between the different classes at home.

"In the town of Hanover," continues our friend, to quote
his last communication, " I went into a woollen-draper's shop
to purchase some cloth. It was to make trowsers ; and I
found English buckskins there in abundance, but very few
English broadcloths. The buckskins are of English in-
vention, and the Saxons are beginning to supply them.
They have already had time to make cloth, and their cloth
completely excludes ours from the German market.
There is no English broadcloth now worn here,' said the
draper ; the French and Saxon is better and cheaper, and
every body wears Saxon or French cloth.' Twenty years
ago,' said a friend of mine, no person here, who wore
broadcloth at all, wore any thing but English ; now we all
wear Saxon. The old frieze coats are almost at an end ;
every body almost wears broadcloth, the use of which has
extended very much, but it is Saxon, not English cloth,
which is used. That, thought I, is another effect of our
Corn-laws, which both make the price of our cloth higher
than the price of the Saxon cloth, and will not allow our
manufacturer to exchange it for the
only article, perhaps,
which the Hanoverians could produce tbuy
Our Leeds and Gloucester manufacturers are, we
believe, well aware of the manner in which they are
excluded from the continental market by the operation
of the Corn-laws, but neither they, nor the people at
large are, we believe, sensible of the great increase in
the consumption of broad cloth which within 20 years
has taken place in Germany, and a large proportion of
which they might and would have supplied but for the
Corn-laws. That they have not gone to decay, and
are not utterly ruined by the Corn-laws, is, therefore,
by no means a proof that those laws have not
materially checked their prosperity. Those laws pre-
vent and have prevented England from having a due
share of the increasing prosperity of the Continent,
during a peace which has now been uninterrupted for
twenty-three years. The population of all Germany
has increased since 1815 in a ratio almost equal to our
own ; but though England and Germany are well cal-
culated to supply each other's mutual wants, the in-
crease of trade betwixt them has been comparatively
nothing. The landed gentlemen have decreed that
the trade between them shall not be increased. Yet
ours is a trading country. Her great wealth, her
maritime power, her security against foreign attacks are
all the consequences of trade, which gives us shipping
and seamen ; but the Lords, the Bishops, and the
Squires have lopped off some of its mightiest limbs,
or rather have bound up the national arteries, and

have caused decrepitude and gangrene in all the ex-
tremities. These, however, are called national bene-
factors, they demand respect and homage for the public
good they achieve, and are just as deserving as the
thief and the burglar. Perhaps the poor Chinese wo-
men may not, from sheer ignorance, hate their lords,
who crimp and crush their feet by copper shoes ; but
our landlords, who crimp and crush the national limbs
by the Devil's laws, must not expect to find the
English as ignorant and as patient as Chinese
women. The utility of freedom is known here ; and
as long as the Squires, the Lords, and the Bishops
insist on binding and crippling the nation, they must
expect to be the objects of scorn and hatred. By and
bye those sentiments, which have fearfully grown
within the last twenty years, will ripen into action,
and those who are now merely, but justly execrated
for their Legislative iniquity, will be destroyed by the
national wrath.

We have frequently adduced instances to prove that
our Established Church is only half-reformed—nay,

that it is in spirit more Catholic than Protestant, and
that some of the heads of that Church are exerting
themselves to make it as purely Catholic in practice as
the Rubric, and the feelings of a Protestant com-
munity, will permit. To none are we indebted more
for these proofs than the Bishop of EXETER, and by
no persons are we more supported in making such
statements than by some of the clerical members of
our Church Establishment. The principal speakers
at the anti-Catholic meeting in Manchester, bore tes-
timony to the fact, that the subtle, subtilising disguise of
Popery was creeping into the bosom of our own Church,
and that the authors and abettors of the Oxford tracts were
sloping the way back to the mother of harlots ; and
the pious Bishop alluded to has given another proof,
by his charitable, Christian, and mild address to his
Clergy at Honiton, that he is of all men the most fit
to fill the sacred chair of ST. PETER. No successor of

that A postle ever claimed more authority for the canons
and traditions of Mother Church, and no Pope—not
even the old mad Pope that threatened to set fire to
the four quarters of the globe if he had not his own
way—ever displayed more imperious conduct or treated
with such supreme contempt all over whom his spiri-
tual office gave him authority and power. " I have
been charged," says this faithful Apostle of Catho-
licism, " with setting up tradition above the Bible,
and this charge has been made, because I have
done only what the canons of the Church require
of me." He does not deny the charge, but he puts in
plea the canons of the Church—he goes farther than
he did in thAlouse of Lords, when he threatened to
set an Act of Parliament at defiance, and would seem
to assert that the spiritual power which the Church
claims is superior not only to human but Divine laws.
Our main object, however, in noticing the Honiton ad-
dress, is to remind the great body of the English Clergy
how much, even on their own account, the Church re-
quires reform, and in what a painful, humiliating, and
servile condition they are placed by the present system
of Church discipline, which gives one individual such
unlimited power, and allows the son of a butcher, or a
tailor, or a publican to address to the scions
of nobility—nay, to some of the most worthy
men and most accomplished scholars in the
country—language to which no other class of
the community would submit with impunity. In
those services where discipline is most severe—the
army and navy—such language would not be used or
tolerated. The schoolboy, under the terror of the rod,
would even rebel against such an insult as that offered
by the Bishop of EXETER-114 so much to Mr.
HEAD as to the whole Clergy of the Diocese. He
lectures this individual Clergyman, not in private, but
in the presence of his brethren, for their nurture and
admonition, in these remarkable N% ords—remarkable,

certainly, as coming from a Father in God :—" I
charge you to reflect with shame on the conduct you
have displayed." " You have violated the engage-
ments which you have entered into." " You have
refused to do what you swore to do." And
then, jesuitically changing from the second person to
the third—because, possibly, he found the feelings
even of his patient auditors too strong, or some sparks
of humanity were roused in his own bosom—he adds,
" The writer appears to know he was writing that
which was not true." If such language does not rouse
an unquenchable spirit of indignation throughout the
whole. body of the English Clergy, then they deserve
to be slaves, and to be branded with epithets which no
other Englishmen would submit to. But we have a
better opinion of the spirit and feelings of that respec-
table body—we believe they begin to see that the vio-
lent supporters of High Church principles are not
their friends ; that an alteration in Church discipline
cannot be much longer delayed ; and that to them
peculiarly belongs the duty of commencing the great
work of reformation.

" Religious bondsmen 1 know ye not
Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow ?"

Some of our Contemporaries, as well as large bodies
of the people, indulge the hope, that it is possible by
some improvement in the representation, or by some
alteration in the Constitution, to secure an uninter-
rupted progress of political improvement, while the
great bulk of the people whom that is to
benefit, may pursue, without attending to the affairs
of Government, their daily bread-winning occupations.
We cannot say that experience justifies this hope. The
best system of representation yet acted on—the sys-
tem which comes most nearly to the much-desired, full,
and fair representation of the people in the House of
Commons—that of the United States—by no means se-
cures uninterrupted political improvement, and by no
means exempts the bulk of the people from leaving their
bread-winning occupations to take care of the State.
The American tariff, the abominable laws against edu-
cating men oficolour which exists in some States, the
commercial convulsions which have been caused within
these few years by the Legislature tampering with the
currency, now authorizing an inconvertible paper, and
anon establishing a purely metallic currency, are all
examples of the best system of representation yet de-
vised not having secured the people who possess it an
uninterrupted progress of political improvement. At
the same time, there is no country in the world where
public meetings to consider political questions are so
frequent, and where the people arc so continually called
from their wealth-gaining occupations to direct, con-
trol, or coerce their Representatives. In a popular
Government it is in vain to hope, not to say it is a
contradiction, that the Government can be carried on
for the benefit of the people by any contrivance to
supersede their vigilant, active, and incessant control.
They must continually watch over it, continually
check and control it, or their Representatives, be they
who they may, and elected as they may, will neglect
their business, or usurp the power of their constituents
In fact, the very efforts now making to procure an Ex-.
tension of the Suffrage and Annual Parliaments are an
acknowledgment of this truth, for their object is to make.
the reference of the Government to the people much mor e
general and frequent than at present. There are sorne
countries, indeed, where the people are spared all 'in-
terference with the Government, and where, actor ding
to some of our publicists, the progress of political im-
provement is uninterrupted. Prussia is such a country.
We admit the former part of the statement.. Dut we do
not agree in the latter. It is now abundantly mt,,nifest
and admitted by all discerning writers, that institnt. ions
must be adapted to the wants and situation of a peon, le.
But the Prussian system proceeds on a ilenial of th 4 •

truth. It makes the people conform to the laws,
not the laws to the people. Its system is a
fere-planned design, to which nature herself
must succumb. Although, therefore, that sys-
tem has not yet been found incompatible with a certain
prosperity, one remarkable example of which will be
found in our columns to-day, it will, because it pro-
ceeds on the principle of making the people conform
to it, instead of making laws accord with the wants
of the people, in the long run, we believe, be found
wholly incompatible with a continued progress in poli-
tical improvement. Of the two systems we cannot
hesitate a moment as to preferring the representative
system, but we must at once state that it is a chimera
to expect under any representative system, however
contrived, to exonerate the people from the duty of
exercising a vigilant and incessant control over every
part of the Government. If they wish to be released
from the cares of Government, they had better at once
decide not to follow the American and to adopt the
Prussian system.

We direct the attention of our readers to a Cor.
respondence between Mr. O'CONNELL and Mr. ANAL
TER SAVAGE LANDOR, which will be found in ano

ther part of The Sun. The opinions of two such men,
when placed in juxta-position, are well worthy o:
attention.

Much as the Tories boast of their success upon this
year's registration, they content themselves by making
broad statements, and do not grapple with details.
They give a set of figures, and deducting one
number from another, they seemingly prove their
case. But in nine cases out of ten, these
numbers are totally fictitious ; it is a part of
the Tory plan to keep their pretended gains continu-
ally before the eyes of the public to raise the hopes
of their hungry followers, and to keep them in full
spirits. From every part of the country the registra-
tion numbers are collected, but only such arc pub-

lished as suit their purpose. Upon the whole
of this year's registration there is no real difference of
party strength. Not a metropolitan borough has
been touched to any purpose by the Tories, whilst in
Marylebone and Westminster the Reformers have gained
strength. The whole borough registration of the
kingdom has been good ; and if a few counties have
been adduced as Tory triumphs, there are others in
which the Liberal cause has succeeded to quite as
large an extent.

The Paris Journals of Sunday, the whole of which
we have received, contain no news of any political im-
portance. The non-arrival of the Madrid mails of
the sth, 6th, and 7th, excited some surprise in the
French capital. In the Phare de Bayonne of the
11th, we find the following remarks as to the probable
cause of a delay so unusual :—.

The despatches from that capital, and particularly
those from Saragossa, which were expected with much
anxiety, did not reach yesterday nor the day before, owing,
no doubt, to the presence of some Carlist force to the
north of Saragossa. Neither had the extraordinary cou-
rier of the British embassy in Madrid, which was expected
in Oleron the evening before last, arrived. These couriers
must of course resume their march in a few days, for the
bands of Arragon will necessarily retire after plundering
and ravaging the banks of the Ebro, to attack Alcaniz,
Caspe, and other towns garrisoned by the Chi istipos. Ac-
cording to a muleteer, who arrived at Oleron on the evening
of the 9th, several Arragonese bands, crossed the Ebro, at
Fuentes, below Saragossa, on the sth inst., and some of
their scouts had advanced near Gurrea and Zuerta on the
road leading to Jaca. This would account for the non-arri-
val of the Spanish mails during the last two days."

A Morning Contemporary publishes a letter from
Saragossa of the Bth inst., from which we select the
following touching account of the death of General
PARDINAS, who, it will be recollected, lost his life in
a recent engagement with the Carlists commanded by
CABRERA t--•

The General himself fell severely wounded when at the
head of the regiment of Africa (of which be was Colonel),
leadinr, them on against the enemy. He had alighted
from his horse ; and, seizing a musket, fought like a Gre-
nadier in front of his regiment. It is said that lie fired
seven shots ; one of the soldiers being at his side with
cartridges. At last he received a ball in the side, which,
from the torn state of the flesh, must have been fired from
a musket almost dose to him. He fell, it seems, in conse-
quence of this wound ; and almost immediately afterwards
a Carlist Dragoon gave him a severe sabre-cut on the face.
A Christine Lancer alighted from his horse, and, with the
assistance of others, endeavoured to place him on it ; but
a party of the enemy being close upon them at the time, he
insisted upon their leaving him, saying he would manage to
crawl away. The men left him witCdifficulty, and only in
consequence of his peremptory orders. The Carlists came
up, and one was seen piercing the prostrate General in
different places with his lance ! An attempt was made to
rescue him, but without effect. The Commandant of the
Africa regiment was also killed by his General's side.
The officers who have reached Caspe, it seems, caused
researches to be made for the General's body, which was
found covered with wounds, and disfigured by clotted blood
and mud. Some say he had been buried in the cemetery of
Nlaella, and, by consent of the inhabitants, exhumed.
The fact is, however, that his body was found, and buried
the day before yesterday, with military honours, at Caspe.
Thus fell, gloriously, General Pardinas ; one of the
most active, gallant, and rising officers in the Queen of
Spain's army. His life was sacrified through the imbecility
of a portion of his troops, especially, as I am informed,
that of the regiment of Cordoba, three battalions of which
were on the field on this unfortunate occasion.
The writer adds, that CABRERA ordered all the
wounded prisoners who were unable to march to Mo-
rella, to be shot on the spot. They were instantly
dragged out, and executed in cold blood, without any
form of trial. He next ordered twenty of the bravest
of the prisoners to be called before him, and these were
shot in front of the ranks for daring to signalize them-
selves in fighting against " their King !" Those who
fled at the first onset, but were subsequently taken, he
treated with lenity.
The arguments made use of by our Contemporary,
the Times, to show that the aggressive policy of France
in Africa is alike inconsistent with the interests of
England and with national good faith, are made the
subjects of vituperative animadversion in two of the
French journals of Sunday.
Count MOLE has addressed a note to the Duke DE
MONTEBELLO which it is said expresses the satisfac-
tion with which the French Government has learned
the determination of Prince Louis to quit the Swiss
territory, and explicitly states that all further proceed-
ings against the Republic will be dropped. It will be
made public when communicated to the Diet.
Letters from Algiers of Oct. 3, have been received,
from which it appears that Abd-el-Kader' far from having
made himself master of Ain-Madi, has been much wea-
kened by the losses that he has sustained in the siege of
that place. On the 2.2 d September his return to Mascara
was announced, in which place a great number of wounded
had arrived, who give lamentable details of the results of
the campaign undertaken by Abd-el-Kader against Tedgini.
The news from Constantine, brought by the mail from
Algiers, is wholly uninteresting, now that we know by a
telegraphic despatch from the coast of Store, that our
troops have occupied the ancient Russicade, where they
have occupied a position they have named the Fort of France.
Oui• readers may remember that at the time of the at-
tack on Constantine, we indicated this point as that by
which the easiest communication might be established be-
tween Constantine and the coast, the distance being only
19 leagues.
It was not before the Ist of October, that the Cydope
and Vulcain bombards, and Zebre brig were to pass the
Straits of Gibraltar, to proceed to Morocco.
A friend of M. Thiers, who had lately a private audi-
ence of the Duke of Orleans, set out afterwards for Italy.
Strange reports have been spread in consequence of this
news.—L'Europe.
FRENCH FUNDS.—PARTS, OCTOBER 13.
Five per Cents., 100 f. 50c. 49c. 45c.
Four per Cents., 102 f.
Three per Cents.. 81f. 20c. 15c. 10c.
Bank Actions, 2,630£ 2,6230
Rente de Naples, 101 f. 101 f. sc. 10c. ltlf.
Roman Five per Cents., 103% 103.
Spanish Actives, 19% 4.
Spanish Passives, 4.
Belgian Bank, 1,445 f.
'mimeo& ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f. 423 c. ; money, 25f 42yyc.
Three months, paper, 25f. 32%c. ; money, 23f. We.
LATEST PRICES,
Five per Cents. IOJf. 45c.
Three per Cents., Filf. 10c,
Bank Actions, 2,625 f.
Romans, 103.
Belgian Bank, 1,445 E
Spanish Actives, WW,
Spaniel' rasSives, 4.

GUILDHALL.-(THIS DAY.)

Win. Pi'field, a well-known character, was brought up,
charged with having picked the pocket of Mr. Jesse
of Little Carter-lane, Doctors' Commons. . _

The complainant stated that as he was passing down Hol-
born-hill
last night, about eight o'clock, he felt some one at
his pocket, and on turning round saw the prisoner, ancther
youth, and a female. The two latter immediately ran away,
and he collared the prisoner, who exclaimed, " I hav'nt got
it." " Got what ?" said witness; but the prisoner declined
any further conversation, and was given into custody. On
feeling in his pockets witness missed his pocket handkerchief.
The prisoner was committed to Bridewell for one month.
Samuel Herbert, John Herbert, James Elsop, and Frederick
Sheffield, who were remanded a week ago on a charge of
having stolen a quantity of paper, the property of their em-
ployers, Messrs. Shepherd and Sutton, stationers, were again
brought up and discharged, the case not being pressed against.
them.