The Sun.
London, England, 1849-01-23 00:00:00

rA ,;-Te carl
JANUARY 23, 1849.

PUBLICA TIONS.

NEW NOVEL. • , . , . .
Now ready, and to be had at all the Libraries, lu 3 vols. post SVO.,
T :n'E.:--V'E T• H L A N.
A Cornish' Story.
By WILLIAM DAVY WATSON, Esq., - - •
Barrister-at-Law.
" Nervoudy, compactly, and pieturesquely Wrltten,lnstinct with a
certain gloomy natural power, which makes fiction read like truth
Trevethlan is a novel whielkfnaselnates the reader; who will find in
the narrative a strong, conuous, and well-sustained interest."—
Morning Chronicle. ' -r: ^ : - • . •

•
• . . pik Also,
JANE EYRE. By .CIAlktR BELL. Third Dlition., 3 vols
post Bvo.

London: Striitlitlider, and Co., 65, (loran'

• PRESTINifitinATE OF ITALY.
Just ready, In 2 rills. post Bvo., price Oue Guinea,
A GLANCE at kEVoLU'rIONIZED ITALY.
By CHARLES MACFARLANE.
London 7 Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.
Who have just published,
AUSTRIA. By EDWARD I'. THOMPSON, Esq. 1 vol. post
Svo.. 12s. cloth.

Just published, price 55., Bvo., in cloth,
THE RATIONAL TREATMENT of STRIC-
TURES of the URETHRA, in all their varieties and compli-
cations. With practical observatiOns on the use and abuse of instnt•
ments in the-treatment of urethral diseases, showing that the unne-
cessary employment of instruments is a, frequent exciting cause of
stricture, and that a want of practical knowledge and manual dex-
terity in their use, when necessary, is the soiree of most of the se-
vere, long-protracted, and complicated cases of that disorder so fa-
tally prevalent.

FIANWE LL • COLLEGIATE SCHOOL,
Principal—Rev. J. A. RMERTON, D.D.

Twelve Years Curate of Hanwell.

• " We, the undersigned inhabitants of Hanwell, having heard with
the utmost regret that the rectorship of this parish has not been con-
ferred oh you, feel imperatively called upon to offer you the expression
of our deep sympathy and respect. We acutely feel the circumstance
--we deplore it—we share the disappointment."—Address of the Pa
rishiomers.

Vacation closes the 23l instant.
Prospectuses, with full parti .ulars, on application.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET.

A View in the Gold District of California is just aided to the New
Series of Dissolving Views.—Lectures on the Cultivation of the
Voice, and on the Art of Singing, by G. Clifford, Esq., Illustrated
with a variety of Sop, on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at a
Q :after to Tnree o'clock, and on the alternate Evenings, at Eight.—
On the Electric Light, by Dr. Bachhoffner on Tuesday, Thursday, and
Saturday Evenings.—On Chemistry, by Dr. Ryan, with brilliant
Experiments, daily, and on the alternate Evenings.—Childe's Phan-
tasmagoria, with new effects, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at a
Quarter to Three, and on the alternate Evenings.—New Chromatrope.
—Microscope.—Diver and Diving-bell.—Working Models explained.
—The Music is directed by Dr. Walls.
Open daily from Eleven to Five ; and in the Evenings (including
Saturday) from Seven till Half--past Ten.
Admission, la.—Schools, Half-price.—The New Catalegne, is.

KEATING'S COUGH LOZENGES.
A certain remedy for disorders of the pulmonary organs—in
difficulty of breathing—in redundency of phlegm-4n incipient con
sumption (of which cough is the most positive indication) they are of
unerring efficacy. In asthma, and in winter cough, they have never
been known to fail.

Prepared and sold in boxes, ls. 1%c1., and tins, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and
10s. 64. each, by THOMAS KEATING, Chemist, &c., No. 79, St.
Paul's churchyard, London.

IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL.
Copy of a Letter from Colonel Hawker, the well-known Author on
" Guns and Shooting."
" Longparish House, near Whitchurch, Hants.,
October 21, 1846.
" Sir,—l cannot resist informing you of the extraordinary effect
that I have experienced by taking only a few of your lozenges. I
had a cough for several weeks that defied all that had been pre-
scribed for me, and yet I got completely rid of it by taking about half
a small box of your lozenges, which I find are the only ones that re-
lieve the cough without deranging the stomach or digestive organs.
" I am, Sir, your humble servant,
" P. HAWKER.
" To Mr. Keating, 79, St. Paul's Churchyard."

A A R 1 A G E.
One half the wend are desolately single, and the other
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
3:nse of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
4:tter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
oomprosing hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
tnd social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set-
dement. Honour and justice demand that health should form an item
in the compact ; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
neglect wound more sorely than poverty er misfortune. Reader, if
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWRLL'S little
MEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life," pub. in 2 vols., Is.
each (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
ny mieinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
Lbere. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, bat
f..r the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth en
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore. two other
ittle publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
by post is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Dri4, and
&void," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
p ~zriphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
life, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—to live atter nature's laws—and to keep always
311 the "sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
,herwood, 23, Paterncster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street • Maim,
19, Cornhill ; Nelson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other-
wee) from the author (who may be conferred will personally,
mornings and evenings), 10. Argyll-place Recent-street; aad all

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENEIt ATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
Sew 'Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just pablished, price 2s. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 35. 61. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
,e,sive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
lualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
ford-street, London. Published by the Authors : seld by Strange,
21, Paternoster-row Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, OxfOrd-street ;
Starie,23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.

PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessivoindul-
gence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity.
Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
l'aier 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engravings.

11.11.1. IV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease
by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is ob-
viate& This important part of the Work should not escape the
eader's notice.

PAW,: V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
duties. The canoes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
TIIECORDIAL BALM OF SYRIACTIM is exclusively employed in treat-
ing nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., Its. and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, as anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infectiou, secondary symp-
toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, I Is. and 335, per bottle.
Perry'v Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. fid., and I Is. per box, a
eertaiu remedy for gonorrhea, sleet, stricture, and chronic intlarnma-
ton of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, 1/. A minute
retail of the case is required : age, habits, and position is society.
Cs. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Establishment only, by
which the fee,, 1., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in atten-
dance daily at 19, Ttertters-street, Oxford-street, London, from vir-
VQII till Two, and Five to Eight ; on Sundays from Eleven to One.

REMOVED TO 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE.
DR. LAIIERT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
AND MATURITY.-WITII 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON
STEEL.

Just published, and may be had in French or English, in a Sealed
Envelope, 2s. ild„ or post-free, from the author, lor forty-two
Stamps,
SELF-PRESERVATION; a Medical Treatise
on the Physiology of Marriage, Infelicitous and Unproductive
Unions, and the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Ma-
turity, usually acquired at an early period of life, which enervate
the physical and mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural
feelings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical
Observations on the Treatment of Nervous Debilii7 and Indigestion,
whether arising from these causes, close study, or the influence of
tropical climates: Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting irons Ind's-
cretiox. With Forty coloured Engravings, illustrating the
Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their stractui es, uses, and functions, and the various
injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.

Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
Marriage requires the fulfilment of several conditions, in order
that It may be really the cause of mutual happiness. Could the
veil, which covers the origin of domestic wretchedness, he raised,
and its true source in every instance disclosed, in how many could
it be traced to physical disqualifications and their attendant disap-
pointments. Excesses are always injurious ; the gift, which when
used in moderation is fraught with advantage, becomes, when
abused, the prolific source of mischief and of greater or less Injury
to the constitutional and vital powers. The particular excesses, on
the nature and consequence of which this Treatise professes to dilate,
are productive of greeter severity of misery to the human frame,
than any other to which it is subject.
This work contains an accurate and complete account of the
Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive Organs, and of
their relative conditions in health and disease. It deservedly
requires the closest attention and study, for what subject can
be of more importance than the preservation of the health
and of the physical capabilities of which every man should
be possessed. It unfortunately happens that the unhappy
victim of excessive indulgence and vicious habits, whether acquired
in early life or from the follies of advanced age, while suffering
troin their invariable consequences, unwisely entertains a fear of ap-
plying to a qualified physician for relief. Shame and the dread so
frequently, but erroneously entertained that these complaints are
beyond tho reach of art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking
(or assistance where alone it can be procured. In acting thus, he
forgets that accurate discrimination in ascertaining the causes of
disease, sympathy with the sufferer, and, above all, secrecy, inva-
riably characterise the intelligent and practical physician, and to the
medical man who can show by his posse,sion of the requisite legal
qualifications that he is entitled to esteem and respect in his profes-
sional pursuits, the utmost confidence should be extended. 1)r.
LA'MERT has obtained the highest medical honours, as his diplomas
c:ertity, and the great extent of his practice for many years is a
~uarantee for his professional experience, which has reference almost
solely to the treatment of these diseases.

Published by the Author, and may be had of Kent and Richards,
SZ, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Tich borne-
street, Haymarket; Mansell, 115, Fleet•street ; Gordon, 146,
Leadenhall-street, London ; or, free by post for forty-two stamps,
from the Author, who may be consulted on these disorders personally
or by letter, daily, from Tee till Two, and from Five till Eight, 'it his
reslderce, 37. Bedford-square, London.

THE RUSSELL-COURT GRAvEYARD. --Notwith-
standing the efforts made by the inhabitants of Russell-
court, Cross-court, and places adjacent, to obtain the
suppression of the above grave-yard, the interments
continue as frequent as ever. It was stated a week
since, that the Bishop of London, yielding to the uent
remonstrances made to him, had promised to issurge his
monition for the closing of the ground. This promise,
however, has not been fulfilled, iu consequence of repre-
sentations made to him by the persons interested in the
nuisance, to the effect that the stench arises not from the
dead bodies but from the offal and dirt thrown into the
place by persons residing around. This statement is
denied most strongly by the neighbours, and it is to be
hoped that the truth will be discovered before any more
injurious effects shall have been produced.

THE UNITED STATES.

ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPA.
[A summary of the following appeared in a Third
Edition of The Sun of yesterday :—]
LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.

The British and North American royal mail stea,

ship Europa, Captain Lott, with the usual. mails
from the United States, Canada, &c. &c., and about
fifty cabin passengers, arrived here this morning, after
a rapid voyage of 114 days from New York, whence
she took her departure on the 10th inst., and from
Halifax on the 13th. The Europa had a good
voyage out, of 15 days, from Liverpool to New
York.

The steam-ship America, Captain Leitch, hence
for Boston, arrived at Halifax on the 10th.
The merican steamer Herman, which left
Southampton on the 12th ult., arrived at New York
on the 7th inst. During the passage she ran out of
provisions and fuel, and had to put into Boston on
the 4th, to obtain the neressary supplies. The
Washington arrived at New York on the Btb, from
Southampton, after .a nineteen days' run.
The political accounts are not important.
Congress has as yet done no business of general in-
terest, its discussions having been confined to inci-
dental and merely formal matters. A resolution has
been adopted by the House of Representatives, in-
structing the proper committee to report a Bill abo-
lishing the slave trade in the district of Columbia. It
contained a preamble denouncing, in very strong
terms, the general principle involved in slavery, and,
of course, created very considerable excitement.
The Southern members of Congress, under the
lead of Mr. Calhoun, have held a consultation over
this meditated invasion of their rights, and have ap-
pointed a committee to prepare a suitablel address to
the people of the Southern—States. It is understood
that Mr. Calhoun is engaged in writing this docu-
ment, and that he will put forth his utmost strength
in an attempt to convince the South it has nothing to
hope from the justice or forbearance of the North,
and that its safety lies in being prepared and ready to
maintain a separate and independent existence.
He will not, in this appeal, however, be seconded
by a majority of his own Committee, nor can he
make any impression upon the people of the south.
The movement creates no anxiety, and is rather a
topic of ridicule than of serious apprehension.
The steamer Europa, which arrived on the 31st
ult., brought a copy of the Postal Treaty as concluded
by the British authorities and the American Minister
in London. It was sent in to the Senate at once, and
was immediately ratified by that body. The Europa,'
therefore, takes back the treaty, ratified by the
Senate, having the full force of law.
A Bill has been for some days under discussion in
the United States Senate, of which the object is to
establish reciprocal free-trade between the United

States and Canada. No action has yet been had upon
it. It meets with considerable opposition, especially,
from the agricultural sections, and is warmly sup-
ported in other quarters. A similar Bill, intended to
effect the same general object has been introduced
into the Canadian Provincial Parliament.
The Secretary of the Treasury has issued an elabo-
rate circular in regard to the appraisal of imported
goods under the present system of ad valorem duties.
Its purpose is to guard against fraudulent valuations.
The excitement in regard to the discovery of gold
in California continues undiminished. All the ac-
counts received, official or otherwise, confirm the
statements originally made concerning the extent and
purity of the deposits, and so far as observed, no
counter statements have been received from any
quarter. Great numbers have already embarked, orare
preparing to do so, for the favoured regions, and among
them are very many of the most energetic, intelligent,
and respectable of the citizens. The Government,
meantime, has taken no steps in the matter.
The cholera has entirely disappeared from New
York, but has broken out in New Orleans, where it
has raged and still rages with intensity. The number
of deaths there has reached a hundred per day. Many
persons are leaving the city in fear, and business is
greatly retarded.
The message of the Governor of Pennsylvania was
sent in to the Legislature of that state on Monday
last.

The Postmaster• General had issued an official
notice to the public of the ratification of the postal
treaty between the United States and Great Britain.
It is as follows :

THE POSTAL CONVENTION OR TREATY.
Convention between her Majesty and the United States
of America for the improvement of the communion.
tions by post between their respective territories.
Signed in London, December 15,1848.
RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED IN LONDON.

Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland and the United States of
America, being desirous to promote the friendly rela-
tions existing between their respective subjects and ci-
tizens, by placing the communication by post between
the territories other Britannic Majesty and those of the
United States on a more liberal and advantageous foot-
ing, having resolved to conclude a convention for this
purpose, and have named as their plenipotentiaries, that
is to say—
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Hon. Henry John
Viscount Palmerston, Baron Temple, a Peer of Ireland,
a member of her Britannic Majesty's Most Honourable
Privy Council, a Member of Parliament, Knight Grand
Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, and
her Britannic Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs;

And the President of the United States, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate thereof; George
Bancroft, a citizen of the United States, their Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to her
Britanale Majesty;
Who, after having communicated to each other their
respective full powers found in good and due form, have
agreed upon and concluded the following articles :
" Art. 1. There shall be charged upon letters not ex-
ceeding half an ounce in weight, conveyed either by
British" or United States packets, between a port in the
United States, a uniform sea-rate df eig h tpence, or six-
teen cents; and such postage shall belong to the country
by which the packet conveying the letters is famished.
" Art. 2. There shall be charged by the Post-office of
the United Kingdom upon all letters not exceeding halt
an ounce in weight, posted in the United Kingdom, and
forwarded to the United States, or brought from the

United States, and delivered in the United Kingdom,
whether such letters shall be conveyed by British or by
United States packets, an inland postage-rate of one
penny halfpenny. There shall be charged by the Post-
otlice in the United States upon all letters not exceeding
half an ounce in weight, posted in the United States and
forwarded to the United Kingdom, or brought from the
United Kingdom and delivered in the United States,
whether such letters shall ,be conveyed by United
States or by British packets, an inland postage•rate of
five cents.

" Art. 3. Upon all letters posted in one country and
delivered in the other, these rates of postage, bosh sea
and inland, shall be combined into one,rate, of which
payment in advance shall be optional in either country.
It shall, however, not be permitted to pay less than the
whole combined rate.

" Art. 4. With respect to letters above the weight of
halt an ounce each country shall be at liberty to em-
ploy, as regards the collection of the whole combined
rate, the scale of progression in operation in its territory
for charging inland rate postage.
" Art. 5. The United States engage to grant to the
United Kingdom the transit, in closed mails, through
the territory of the United States, of the correspond-
ence and newspapers from the United Kingdom to the
British North American provinces, and from those pro-
vinces to the United Kingdom, at the rate of inland
postage to be charged under this convention for letters
and newspapers between the United Kingdom and the
Unitei States. A British officer shall be permitted to
accompany the closed mails during their transit.
" Art. 6. Ott the other hand, her Britannic Majestyn
engages to grant to the United States the transit . i.,
closed mails, through the British American propvetnrcteel
of the correspondence and newspapers from
or to e
the rates of inland postage now chargedaccord-
the territory of the United States, at rates noot7xbc-eehdeirtteg.
after charged in the North American provinces,,_
officer of the
the North American provinces.
accompany the
in; to the distance such mails may
Abenconve)eci
closed mails during their transit.
further engage towithin
grant
United States shall be permitted to
" Art. 7. The United Statees
or through any countries
transit in closed mails,
Utnhiete du
nited kingdom
States,th
from
o7gany other British colony
ttohrotuhgeh
iuu iy, and from any
the United Kingdom, its
twrfetiereer
mthaenpagosetreceoem,
emfutnhiecautinointsedmsat)a•tebse,uenfdelie•tttherescaoinla-
. or
f i it C t •
ash! cloy or
possession,
its colonies or possessions.
Art.iga nn 't
1 country
rmu 80.
United
ti Bet adr ni
Statesn i c t Majestyh e engages,
possession to the
coloniesnewspapers or p:orb:stweesasraidoi:Uyds ,
transitln colonsehdermpaairltsi
Unitedfore
to grant
ufnic thea ti
United"ni
through the United Kingdom, or through any country
where
s
ayi‘.,
Kingdom,
(uhnm
id
,e r 0 tth con-
trolloater
er tmanagement o
and newspapers forwarded from the United
States, their
colonies or possessions, to any other colony posses-
sion of the United States, er to foreignor
al;
from any foreign country, or froainnya in country,essesel-
sion of the United States, to the United States, colony
resp their
colonies or possessions.
te
" " Art. 9. When letters shall be forwarded in closed
mails under the stipulations of Articles 5,6, 7, or 8 of
the present Convention, the payment to be made to the
Post-office of the United Kingdom or of the United
States, as the case may be, shall be made by the ounce,
1 according to the net weight of the letters, at two rates to

the ounce, with the addition of 25 fur cent. on 'the
amount of postage, to compensate the I.ss that would
otherwise be sustained by the mode of computation.
" Art. 10. The country which sends or receives
closed mails through the other, is to render an account
of the letters and newspapers sent or received in such
closed mails, and to account to such country for the
postage due thereon.
"Art. 11. Letters posted in the United States, ad-
dressed to foreign countries, and intended to pass in
transit through the United Kingdom, shall be delivered
to the British Post-office free of all United States
postage, whether packet or inland, and letters from
foreign countries, addressed to the United States, passing
in transit through the United kingdom, shall be de-
livered to the United States Post-office free of all Bri-
tish postage, whether packet or inland. In the case of
those countries to a hich letters cannot be forwarded
unless the British postage be paid in advance, such
British postage shall be collected in the United States
(in addition to the United States rates of postage), and
accounted for to the British Post-nffice. In the case of
those countries to which letters cannot be forwarded
unless the United States postage be paid in advance, such
United States postage shall be collected in the United
Kingdom, in addition to the British postage, and ac-
counted fir to the United States Post-office.
" Art. 12. The rate of ostage to he taken by tho
British Post-office upon letters arriving in the United
Kingdom from the United States, either by British or
United States packets, and to he forwarded through the
United Kingdom to colonies or possessions of the United
Kingdom or of the United States, or to foreign coun-
tries, and vice versa, shall be the same as the rate which
is now, or may hereafter be, taken by the British Post-
office upon letters to or from such colonies or posses-
sions, or foreign countries respectively, when posted at
the port of arrival, or delivered at the port of departure
of the packets conveying the mails between the United
Kingdom and the United States. The above postage is
irrespective of and beyond the inland rate to be taken in
the United States upon such letters, if posted or delivered
therein, according to the stipulations of Art. 1 of the
convention; and also irrespective of and beyond the sea
rate upon such letters, payable according to the stipula-
tions of Art. 1. The rate of postage to be taken by the
United States Post-office upon letters arriving in the
United States either by British or United States
packets from the United Kingdom, and to be
forwarded through the United States to the colonies
or possessions of the United States or of the United
Kingdom, or to those territories which according
to the laws of the United States are beyond the
limits of their established routes, or to foreign coun-
tries, and vice versa, shall be the same as the rate
which is now or which may hereafter be taken by the
United States Post-office upon letters conveyed,
whether by sea or land, to or from such colonies, pos-
sessions, territories, or foreign countries respectively,
when posted at the port of arrival or delivered at the
port of departure of the packets conveying the mails
between the United States and the United Kingdom.
The above postage is irrespective of and beyond the in-
land rate to ba taken in the United Kingdom upon such
letters it posted or delivered therein, according to the
stipulations of Article 2 of this convention, and also ir-
respective and beyond the sea rate upon such letters
payable according to the stipulations of Article 1. There
shall be excepted from the above stipulations letters and
newspapers passing through the United Kingdom to and
from France as to which certain rates are fixed by the
pastel convention existing betwee❑ that country and the
United Kingdom. But the two contracting parties agree
to invite France to enter into communication with them
without loss of time, in order to effect such arrange-
ments for the conveyance of letters and newspapers and
closed mails through the territories of the United King-
dom, of the United States, and of France, respectively,
as may be most conducive to the interests of the three
countries.

" Art. 13. Letters posted in the United States, ad-
dressed to the British North American provinces, and
vice versa, when not conveyed by sea, shall be charged
according to the rates of postage which are now, or
which shall hereafter be. in operatio❑ in the United
States, and in the British North American provinces for
inland letters.

" Art. 14. Upon all letters posted in the United States
and addressed to the British North American provinces,
and vice versa, the rates of postage fixed by the preced-
ing article shall be combined into one rate, of which
p,iyment in advance shall be optional, both in the United
States and in the British North American provinces. It
shall, however, not be permitted to be less than the
whole rate.

" Art. 15. The rates to be taken on newspapers pub-
lished in the United Kingdom, when conveyed between
the United Kingdom and the United States, either by
British or United States packets, shall be one penny for
each newspaper in the United Kingdom, and two cents
in the United States. Conversely no higher charges
than those above stated shall be made by the British or
by the United States Post-office, on newspapers pub-
lished in the United States, either when dispatched from
the country or when delivered in the United Kingdom.
There shall be no accounts between the two offices for
the transmission of newspapers. Each office shall retain
the p,,stage it shall have charged, according to the pre-
ceding stipulations.
" Art. 16. The rate of postage to be charged in the
United Kingdom upon newspapers to and from the
United States, passing in transit through the United
Kingdom, shall be one penny fer each newspaper, ex-
cept %here a lower rate is provided by any treaty be-
tween the United Kingdom and a foreign country, and
the rate of postage to be charged in the United States on
newspapers to and from the United Kingdom, passing in
transit through the United States, shall be two cents for
each newspaper.

" Art. 17... Periodical works, not of daily publications,
posted in the United Kingdom or in the United States,
may be forwarded from one country to another, either
by British or by United States packets, by means of
the two offices, under the following conditions, viz.:—
st. There shall be no accounts between the two
offices for tho transmission of such works; each office
shall retain the postage it shall have charged. 2d.
They must be sent in bands or covers, open
at the sides or end, so that they may be easily exa-
mined. 3d. They shall be in every respect subject
to the conditions prescribed by the laws and regulations
of both countries. The rates to be levied in Great
Britain. as well on the above-mentioned works addressed

to the United States, as well as on those from the United
States addressed to Great Britain, shall be as follows:

Ist. For every work not exceeding two ounces in weight,
one penny. 2d. For every work above two ounces in
weight, and not exceeding three ounces, sixpence. 3d.
For every work above three ounces in weight, and not
exceeding four ounces, eightpence. 4th. And for every
ounce above four, up to sixteen ounces (the limits im-
posed on the transmission of such articles by the British
office), twopence additional; every fraction of an ounce
being reckoned a full ounce. The rates to be levied by
the Post-office of the United States on similar works,
addressed to or coming from the United States, shall
not exceed the rates charged in the United Kingdom.
" Art. 18. Printed pamphlets, not exceeding the
weight of eight ounces, posted in the United Kingdom,
in the United States, may be forwarded from oa
cou; try to the other, either by British or United States
packets, by means of the two offices, at the same rates
end under the same conditions as those fixed fur periodi-
cal w, rli, by Art. 17.
" Art. 19. In cons,deration of two cents United States
currency not being precisely equivalent to one penny
ateriing, the British Post-office shall account to the
United States post-office at the rate of four hundred
and eighty-four cents to the pound sterling; and the
United States Post-office shall account to the British
Post-office at the rate of four hundred and eighty cents
to the pound sterling.
" Art. 20. In case of war between the two nations, the
mail packets of the two offices shall continue their navi-
gation without impediment or molestation, until six
weeks after a notification shall have been made on the
part of either of the two Governments, and delivered
to the other, that the service is to be discontinued, in
which case they shall be permitted to return freely, and
under especial protection, to their respective ports.
" Art. 21. The forms in which the accounts between
the respective post-offices, for the transmission and con-
veyance of letters, are to be made out, the time and mode
in which payment shall be made by either Post--office to
the other, together with all other measures of detail
shall
aris-
ing out of the stipulations of the present convention
be settled between the British Post-office an
office of the United States, as soon as possible after the
exchange of the ratification of the
imentioned mepresent convention.
in the
It is agreed that the measures of detai
present article, may' by
be modified the
two Post offices,
consent, whenever, by mutual those officesshall be d the Post-
de-
cided that such modificationtwo countries.
Post-office service of the
present convention is concluded for an
would be beneficial to the
" Art. 22. The
Itcannot be annulled by either of
except after the expiration of a
Governments,
other Government.
year's node© given
resent convention shall be ratified by
Art, 23, The p.
and
by
,sty,
'tannic —9.lthe President of the
her Britannic and with the advice and
ititiideetfiwnoi t e
period.
United States, by consent of
and the
'fi • rati cation shall be ex-
London within three
changed at . months of the date
f shall come into opera '
heree- ban f non as soon as possible
after the exc o the ratifications. In witness
whereof the respective Plenipotent' • have • dthe
same, signed
same, and have affixed thereto
Done at London the 15th day of Dece •
the Senate thereof,
December, in the year
of our Lord 1848.
[L.S.]
[L.S.]

" PALMERSTON,
" GEORGE BANCROFT."

"Received 3dePanit.,II,IEB4S9P.OaNNDo.EINOBC.E.
" American Legation, London, Dec. 15, 1848.
Hon. James Buchanan, Secretary of State.
es sent this day by the Eurepa, for ratification,
nitPostald KCi
nog'
do ntnt,i
ceht eh
just
hs
te
bUe
enni t es g Sn
et adt ebsy amn dy
stehl
fe,
and, in the absence of the Postmaster-General, by Lord
Palmerston alone.
" In negotiating this treaty, I have aimed at a just
and fair reciprocity ; the reduction of the sea rates
—the abrogation of all discriminating charges what-
ever ; respect for the existing laws regulating inland
postage, and a due regard for facilitating the daily
course of manual business in the Post-offices of both
countries.
" This convention, in its progress, has encountered
much opposition in some quarters here. I trust it may
meet general approbation at home.
" The British Postmaster-General reluctantly con-
sented to accept the varying inland rates now levied by
the laws of the United States within their territory,
and to concede the English rates fixed by law. The
principle was thus settled. Its application was difficult ;
for it gave, for example on a letter from Boston, and
conversely one rate, it sent directly from port to port ;
another rate if sent by New York to Liverpool, and still
another if sent by New York and Southampton. To
keep just accounts under so varying rates, would have
been difficult. I agreed, therefore, to make an aver-

age of the inland rates in each country (ex-
cepting always our mails for California, and
to our remote territories, by land or sea,
which are specially provided for in Article 12)
and to adopt uniformly those average rates. In Eng-
land, the inland rate on a letter, if paid in advance,
is one penny ; if not paid in advance, as most foreign
letters are not, it is twopence. Three-halfpence, then,
is a just and fair uniform British inland rate. For
America, an inland letter, if received at a post office for
delivery; and not for transmission, pays two cents. If
transmitted it pays a varying rate of five and ten
cents. The average, therefore, is five and two-thirds of
a cent—less than six cents. Our Postmaster-General,
moreover, as well as committees in both house of Con-
gress, recommend a uniform rate, not exceeding five
cents. That rate, therefore, was taken as the uniform
American inland rate. But I consented to this only on
condition that the sea-rate should be reduced. This was
agreed to ;so that now, by Articles 1,2, 3, there is one
uniform rate of twenty-four cents on every letter of half
an ounce or less, from any part of the United States,
within our establish( d post routes, whether from New
York or New Orleans, or the remotest village post-office
in the far west to any part of the United Kingdom.
This is a less rate than the present one between London
and Paris. It is what the British packet-rate alone for-
merly. was. This treaty effects such a reduction in the
combined rates, that our American inland rate of five
cents each way is obtained out of the former British
packet-rate.
-' After this important concession of a reduced sea
rate, which operates exclusively to our benefit, until we
get at least an goal number of mail packets with
England, I did not think I should be justified in refusing
to take the Canada mails across our territory at the uni-
form inland rate established by Article 2.
"It seemed to be wise to treat our Canadian neighbours
liberally ; a special act of Congress on the subject of
mails in transit to Canada favours such a policy. The
concession of sea rate of Bd. was coupled with my assent
to this fifth Article ; and, moreover, I believe, that Con-
gress, before this convention goes fully into operation,
will have reduced our own rates for our own letters to
Canada to five cents. Besides, the old agreement gave
to the English closed mails a special express conveyance;
there is now no stipulation for a special train, or for ex-
traordinary speed. It is all left to the Postmaster-Gene-
ral's discretion.

" I would have insisted in Article 6 for a correspond-
ing concession for closed mails through Canada at re-
duced rates. But Great Britain is on the point of con-
ferring the management of the Canadiun Post-office to
the Cm:lades, and the Canadaa themselves are to reduce
their inland postage.
"Newspapers are, by Article 15, to cross the seas in
the mail packets of either country, without charge for
sea conveyance; only each country is to take on its own
account two cents, or one penny, on every newspaper
going out of it or coming into it. So for the transit,
each newspaper is to be charged two cents in America
and in Great Britain one penny, or in some cases less.
"In like manner by Articles 17 and 18 there is to he
no charge for sea conveyance of other periodicals and
pamphlets. Each party is to collect for itself suitable
inland rates. If more convenient, we may retain our
present rates and scale of increase for printed matter, or
adopt any other not higher on the average than the
rates in the articles. The rates and scale of increase
named in the treaty are those adopted by Great Britain
in all postal conventions. The rate for the first two
ounces is very Moderate—the scale of increase is high.
Iwould have consented to adopt a lower one, but it was

alleged that in practice it would have crowded the mails
beyond measure with what, perhaps, more properly,
should go through the custom-houses of the two
countries.

" I offered to permit the printed circulars of merchants
and manufacturers to be sent at the same rate as other
printed matter. The British Post-office objected; but
our American advertisements, if printed as extra news.
papers, will pay only newspaper postage.
" Freedom of transit for letters and newspapers was of
the utmost importance. I held that we should have the
right to bring over transit letters in our own packets to a
British port, and deposit them, free of British charge, in
the British Post-office, there to be treated as letters ori-
ginating in England. The Post-office department in-
sisted oa charging three-halfpence besides. But the
Chancellor of the Exchequer viewed the matter pre-
cisely as I did; and we very easily came to an agreement
on the point, as expressed in article 12. .dy that article,
a letter sent through England pays in America twenty-
one cents in advance, instead of twenty-four. Of these
five cents. is the inland rate, America or British as it may
be. For that payment in advance, all of which goes into
our treasury, it the packet is ours, the letter is delivered
into the British Post-office to be sent at the rates paid
by the British themselves to any part of the world to
which the British postal system extends. And con-
versely.
" A small difficulty did indeed arise, but as the Chan-
cellor and I had but one mind on what was right, we
easily surmounted it.
" By article 8 you will perceive that we have a right
to send letters and newspapers in the usual channels, or
in closed mails, through the United Kingdom, as well to
France as to other foreign countries. A difficulty oc-
curred in the settling of the rates to be paid for letters
to France, passing through England. By the 52d article
of the British and French postal convention (of which I
have sent home a copy), the French pay on letters to the
British Government one uniform rate of 40 pence per
ounce, British net weight, for transit through the United
Kingdom, and sea conveyance to and from countries be-
yond sea. There is one and the same rate for letters
whether from Brazil or Van Diemea's Laud, from Bos-
ton or Calcutta. But by our present treaty with Eng-
land this rate becomes too high on letters between France
and the United States, passing through the United King-
dom. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is therefore
willing on his part to reduce the rates to be paid on such
letters, and apply the principle of the 12th article of this
treaty to France.

" For this the concurrence of France is necet,sary
But of course Franco will not refuse to accept wha
conies to her mainly as a simple reduction of her rate o

postage. At the .ame time, we ourselves have a motive
to introduce France into this part of the negotiation, for,
as far as Great Britain is concerned, she has a comaion
interest with us. Further, we may have mail-steamers
to Havre, bringing letters for Great Britain, and these
must be provided for. It seems, therefore, that we have
nothing to lose by consenting to perfect this part of our
arrangement, by a tripartite arrangement between the
three countries.

"The question comes up as to how we shall ba placed
in the interim. 'We can send letters under cover to Li-
verpool, to be there mailed and forwarded to France, at
a rate of only three halfpence the half-ounce, beyond
what would be payable if France were not excepted
from the 12th article. Letters so sent would in many
cases go at less cost than under the British treaty with
France. On a parcel of hall an ounce the New York
rate would be five cents, or twopence-halfpenny, the sea
rate eightpence, the British inland rate one penny-half-
penny, to which fivepence must be added for transit
from Liverpool to France; while by the English treaty
with France, a letter of a half•ounce, which equally
pays in New York five cents, or twopence halfpenny,
pays on delivery in France for sea conveyance and
transit the sum of twenty-five pence; so that, by the
one way, the cost of a letter of a half ounce from the
United States, through England to France, will be 17d.;
and on the other will be 224 d. Of course England has
as strong an interest as we to remove this inconvenient

inequality.
" Thus I think it no disadvantage to us to leave the
transit rate to France to be settled conjointly with
France; the Chancellor having most explicitly and re-
peatedly stated that his wish is to arrange with France
to charge on our letters in transit to France what a
Liverpool merchant pays on a letter to France originat-
ing in Liverpool, and conversely, without the further
exaction of the three halfpence British inland rate, us
established by art. 2 of this convention.
" The preceding paragraphs of my dispatch relating
to the transit of our letters and newspapers through
the United Kingdom, to and from France, have been
sent by me to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who
concurs in the exact accuracy of my statement.
" I hope for the approbation of the President on the
result of this very laborious negotiation, which could not
have been proceeded with hut for the aid of Congress,
and even now would hardly have been terminated but
for the enlightened good will of the First Lord of the
Treasury, and the hearty co-operation of the Chancellor
of the Exchequer and 'Viscount Palmerston.— Yours
sincerely, "GEORGE BANCROFT."
P.S.--By article 4 you will perceive that I have re-
served for our country the liberty on letters over a half
w r in
e
ounce in weight to employ the scale oft progression
operation in its on territory. But, a same time,
1 cannot but recommend the adoption of thenglish
scale of progression. It would raise the rate on scarcely
one letter in a hundred, at the same time it would save
to the Post-office a ,Triat deal of labour on every letter
transmitted. The success of the chesty postage system
depends on simplifying the manual process and diminish,.
ing labour. W here the rates are high it is proper to
weigh each letter, and so to have a scale of progression
by the half-ounce; where rates are uniform and low, the
scale of progression should be by the ounce, so that the
Post-office clerks may, without often using the scales.
at once decide what rate -attaches to each letter. G. B."

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Business at New York, and indeed at all the other
commercial depots, was in an active and flourishing con-
dition. The spring importations were expected to be
large. Money was plentiful and of easy access. The
Secretary of the Treasury has issued a notice to the
effect that, as the Government was not in want of funds,
subscribers to the loan of 1868 may defer payment till
the. Ist of March.
Cotton—At New York the cotton market was active,
and a good business doing. The news by the Europa
advanced the market fully per lb. in Uplands, and
ie. in Gulf cottkons, and the news to the 20th of Decem-
ber per Washington, has caused a furtheerise of *e. to ie.
to-day. Fair Uplands are not easily obtainable at iie.,
an'l midaling! are worth 7 t.) 74e. for
.Uplands, and 71e.
to :lc. for ordinary. Frei ;ht being id. to Liverool,
and fin. to France. The laying down pric, of cotton
has advanced about 4d. sterling, or I]l-e. per lb. in the
ast two weeks.

The exports are very small—very ?mall indeed: in
the last two weeks only 37,000 of the 57,000 bales have
been cleared for Great Britain. This is partly owing to
the obstacles to moving produce at New Orleans during
the cholera,
."partly to the preference given to a coast-
wise destination, and partly mere accident; but, how-
ever it may ariso, the import of cotton into Liverpool
during the tirst two months of 1349 is to be much less
han might have been expected.
-The sales of the last three days amount to 5,500 bales.
Up. and Flo. M0.,N.0. & Tex.
Inferior
Ordinary to good ord 6 to 611 6 to 6t
Middling to good mid 6 to 7 64 to 7}3
Middling fair to fair ... 7 to 71 7i to 7t