The Sun.
London, England, 1838-11-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1838.

use every exertion to promote the best interests of
trade and commerce.—(The speech was received with loud
cheers.)
The healths of the Vice-Presidents, Messrs. Mottley
and Abrams, were then drunk, and were acknowledged in
eloquent terms.
The CHAIRMAN then proposed " Prosperity to the
Ramsgate Steam Company," which was acknowledged by
Mr. COMM in suitable terms.
Mr. CARTER then proposed, with a proper eulogium
upon their services, " the healths of the Captains of the
Steam Companies."
Captain CORBIN briefly acknowledged the toast.
The CHAIRMAN then proposed " the healths of the
Agents of the various Steam-packet Companies."
Mr. CARTER returned thanks, and exposed forcibly the
state to which Margate had been reduced by local taxation.
He had, after a twenty years' residence there, found himself
1,5001. poorer than he had been before he became an inha-
bitant of the town. After he had been an agent of the
General Steam Navigation Company, he had found that
four shillings a chaldron had been exacted by the Pier
Company, as a coal duty. He had found, however, that
by Act of Parliament the right existed to charge
only two shillings a chaldron.—(Hear.) He had on this
represented the circumstances to the Company who had
sent down Captain Thatcher to investigate the matter with
him. They had urged the matter upon Mr. Jervis, who
was then the Commissioner, and who stated that they
should have discovered the affair before, but that in future
only two shillings per chaldron should be charged. This
was demurred to, but Mr. Jervis stated that although he
would in future charge only two shillings a chaldron, yet
for every one re-shipped he would charge one shilling, if
they demanded a repayment of the two shillings formerly
charged. The Company was therefore bound to submit
to the grievance, Again, when the chaldron was altered to
the ton, although there was a difference of one-sixth, yet
the Pier Company would only allow a difference of one-
eighth. Then, although the Pier Company had at one'
period realized a capital of 14,0001., which was within
11,0001. of its debt, which, if paid, would restore the pier
to the inhabitants, yet, as on all similar occasions, when
it was found likely that the debt would be paid off, the
sum derived for the payment of the debt was immedietely
dissipated.—(Hear.) This was the case in all similar in-
stances, and th as it was that the best interests of Margate
were sacrificed to the interests of those who desired to in-
crease its amount of local taxation.—(Cheers.)
Mr. MOTTLEY then forcibly exposed the injury suffered
by the town and port of Margate by its local taxation, and
hoped for the assistance of the Metropolitan Press to
ameliorate abuses.

Mr. ANDERSON declared that in any case in which the
Metropolitan Press could be informed of such abuses as
those referred to, proper notice would be taken of them,
and every effort used to crush them.—(Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN observed that before he resigned the
office of President, he must say that every effort of Mr.
Attwood and of the Steam Navigation. Companies would
be given to promote the prosperity of the towns in the Isle
of Thanet.—(Cheers.)
Several other toasts were then drank, and the company
separated, all having been highly delighted with the hilarity
and harmony which had distinguished the proceedings of
the evening.

THE LATE COAL-PIT EXPLOSION

(FURTHER PARTICULARS.)
One of the most remarkable circumstances connected with
this melancholy affair was that of two men and two boys who
were in the act of descending the shaft at the moment the ex-
plosion took place. Their names were John Gill, James
Cowper, John Winn, and John Nutter ; they had left the
mouth of the pit, and had attained a depth of about one hun-
dred yards when they encountered the whole force of the
exploi6an. John Winn was blown out of the basket perpen-
dicularly to the month of the shaft, and fell headlong
down it again; his death must consequently have been in-
stantaneous. The other man was thrown up the shaft, and
landed on the bank without sustaining much harm. The
boy Nutter fell so near the edge of the shaft that his legs
lung down it, land on so nar•ow a space was he lodged
that bad he been conscious of his position and moved a limb
he must inevitably have tumbled down the pit and perished.
Yet he remained on his dangerous lodgment for at least five
minutes, and at the moment he recovered his senses was
seized by the hand and rescued from impending destruction.
The other boy crept out of the basket in which he had been
lying unobserved, about a quarter of an hour after the blast
bad subsided.

The greatest number of bodies were discovered at a dis-
ance of about 200 yards from the shaft, at a place called the
Steer, where they bad evidently been congregating whilst the
two overmen, who bad preceded them, were travelling round
the workings, to ascertain the state of the air.
The investigation before the Coroner commenced on Fri-
day, and was adjourned till the following morning, when the
Jury, after a short consultation, returned the following ver-
dict :—" That Joseph Cape [we merely select the first name
upon the list of sufferers, the verdict in :all the other cases was
of-course the same], on the 24th day of October, being with
other workmen in a certain coal-pit, called John Pit, situate
at or near Harrington, and about to go to work there, it so
happened that when there, by some means or other, the fire-
damp or inflammable air, which was lodged in the same pit,
took fire and exploded, by means whereof the said Joseph
Cape was then and there suffocated and burnt, of which said
suffocation and burning the said Joseph Cape did then and
there die, and so the said Jurors upon their uhths aforesaid say
that the said Joseph Cape accidentally, casually, and by mis-
fortune came by his death in manner and by means aforesaid
and not otherwise ; but lament that due precaution had not
been used by Lancelot Tate, the coal-agent, in securing the
main air-course, which might have prevented this lamentable
accident. "—Abridged from the Cialberland Paquet.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Nov, 1. —The following is an able summary of the Drysal-
tery trade during, the past month, as furnished by an eminent
broker :
Indigo has advanced 4d. to 6d. per lb. since the termination
of the quarterly sales, in consequence of information from
Calcutta, to the end of August last, that a great part of the
crop had been destroyed by inundations, and several hundred
chests have changed hands at those rates, chiefly at 4d., and a
further advance is expected by many ; the quantity delivered
from the warehouses during the past month amounts to 3,415
chests, making nearly 12,000 chests in three months—a greater
quantity, by far, than ever took place before in the same period
of time.

Lae-dye is in more request for exportation, and some of
the ordinary qualities have obtained rather higher prices ; fine
qualities continue scarce, and are much wanted for home use.
Cochineal continues in good demand, both for home use and
for exportation ; but the competition in realizing, on the part
of the consignees, immediately on ar:ival, prevents any advance,
notwithstanding the severe loss to the importers ; and at the
public sales last week, prices declined 2d. per lb. ; it is now,
however, impossible to buy at these rates, at which there are
several orders. 150 bags of Mexican are advertised for to-
morrow ; and 76 Honduras for Wednesday next.
Wool, TRADE.-The Wool trade continues steady. The
imports in the week ending to-day have been only 1,652 bales,
of which 466 bales were from Germany, 1,16 S from Sydney,
and the rest from Turkey. The accounts received to-day
from Swan River, dated the 14th of March, mention that an-
other loss of cattle had lately taken place in William's dis-
trict. The disorder which attacked the animals, notwithstand-
ing theie high condition, carried them off in a few hours.
The cause of the epidemic, which had appeared in most of
the located districts of the colony, remained unexplained,
farther than that it was attribdtcd to their being what was
termed " hoveti," or blown. The advices from Launceston
and Hobart Town to the 30th of June, still remark upon the
great mortality which prevailed among the flocks. From
New York we learn, under the date of the 14th ult., that
there had been some activity in the wool-market, and that
prices were steady.

We stated a short time ago thaw application had
been made to the Mag •
strates at the Town Hall, Southwark,
the disposal of a female infant which had
been placed under tl, .ocare of a woman named Carter, by a
surgeon at Camden T's , and which it was then sought to
remove, although there':
Mrs. Carter at thatats' a considerable sum due for nurs-
ing.ime refused to give up the child
till assured that it would be fairly treated. Yesterday, Mr.
Clarke, the surgeon referred to, had a private interview with
Alderman Venables, the sittin Magistrate, and subsequently a
very lengthened investiati g took place in the public
office, from which, howevernnTitlnite only facts that could
be gleaned were these:— Nalr.nuCr. lsaork
fore hadthe
infant been
employed professionally to p
parents,
soon after its birth, by the
, whose names be did
not mention publicly, on the g:nts
that it would serve
families ;
no good pur
and that the inpose, ana woufantld dhadistrernssun:Loehighly respectable
first h
entrusted to a
Mrs. Goodbody, and subsequently to Mrs.eCnarter, who, after
some time, refused, from some motive unknown,
the child when called upon, alleging that she feared
toed so gme foul
ive up
_
play. She had also suddenly moved from her residence and
at one time represented to Mr. Clarke that the child
Nhildirwasciead.
A number of letters, written to Mrs. Carter by
were read, intimating that unless she agreed to deliver up
child when called upon, no money would be paid .
,
. and ihith e
appeared to be the reason why there were arrears due. Ni,.s
Clarke having satisfied the Magi,trate that he had authority
to receive the child, it was ultimately arranged that it should
be given up this day. Nothing transpired respecting the pa_
rents, except that the father is an elderly gentleman of fortune.

- - , -
LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY AFTERNOON.--The
London and Birmingham mail, which should have arrived here
early this morning, did not reach Liverpool until noon. This
detention was caused by the negligence of a workman, whose
duty it is to attend to what in railroad phraseology is termed
the " switches," by which the train was guided to a wrong
line, thus throwing the engine against an embankment.
Fortunately the steam was instantly let off, and no damage
was done.

CIVIC HORSENIANSIIIP.—It turns out that up-
wards of 1201. was said out of the Corporation funds for
teaching the Alderman and Common Councilmen to ride, to
whom the equestrian part of the procession, on the Queen's
Visit to the City, a;signed.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO.DIORROW.
Nl,rnino 53 minutes after 2 Evening l5 minutes after 3

The publication of THE SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this day
at 20 minutes past Three o' Cloth.

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WITH WHICH
THE " TRUE SUN" IS NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON:
FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 1838.

In resuming the subject of the dangers which
threaten the British power in India, if measures be
not forthwith adopted to bridle the ambition of Russia,
we cannot avoid alluding with some degree of satisfac-
tion to the growing unanimity of the metropolitan
Press upon this very important question. Even those
Tory Journals who only a few months ago held up
the Emperor NICHOLAS, the despoiler of Poland,
as a pattern of regal virtue—as combining in himself
all the great and good qualities that could adorn a
Throne—as the bulwark of Britain against the spolia-
tion-plots of the Radicals of London, Birmingham,
and Glasgow—and as the idol of Tory worship, as
represented in the adulations of such Statesmen as the
Marquis of LONDONDERRY-have suddenly joined
the most Liberal Papers in denouncing what the servile
supporters of Ministers have affected to ap-
plaud as the " pacific policy" of our Govern-
ment. As we are in the habit of quoting
the articles of our Morning Contemporaries, it is
possible that many of our readers may remember the
red-hot zeal with which the Post defended the seizure
of the Vixen, in a free port of the Black Sea, by
Russia, and the confiscation of the ship and cargo,
for the benefit of the Imperial Treasury. The Post
was in raptures with the spirit displayed by the CZAR
on that occasion, and gravely maintained that his
MAJESTY was too deeply read in international law--
was too exemplary in his observance of his alliances
with other Powers—to commit the shadow of an in-
fraction
of the law of nations. In fact, the CZAR
was then represented as deploring the excessive exten •
siveness of his empire, which he sought to consolidate
and protect from piratical aggression ; but which, in
reality, he had not the remotest idea of extending.
How different was the language which The Sign then,
and for many years before, held, is sufficiently known
to the readers of this Journal. Well, the Post has
come over to our views at last. The CZAR is fairly
flung overboard ; and that the sincerity of our Con-
temporary's conversion may be liable to no suspicion,
he thus, on Monday last, opened his well-directed
fire upon the Imperial flag :

The crisis has at length arrived when the artful policy of
Russia, as directed against the noblest and most valuable colo-
nial possessions of this country, must per force impress itself
upon the attention of the English people—hitherto but too
supine in measuring the weight, condition, and importance of
those territories of Great Britain which are immediately con.
netted with that main source and secret of all her power and
glory—her naval pre-eminence and empire on the seas.
• • • * it *
India is attacked, and we are at war iiith Persia, or Russia,
or with both. The Morning Post of Saturday published
exclusively, in a second edition, the importar t intelligence
which makes it imperative upon the community to prepare
their minds for all that may happen—best or worst—by atten-
tive consideration' of (what, spite of repeated warnings, they
have too long disregarded) the ambitious views of Russia
upon British India, and how well her ambition is backed by
the genuine advantages, wealth, and aggrandisement which
such a possession would secure. The whole question,
too, enlarges as we look at it, and becomes one of European
peace or war. We will not be so hasty as some of our Even-
ing and Sunday Contemporaries, who have reprinted our intel-
ligence under the prominent large-lettered head of " War
with' Russia," because present advices only tell us that some
Russians assisted the Persian forces, and that an officer was
killed, as is since asserted, by accident. But there is quite
enough in the news to bring a war with Russia within the
range of immediate probability, if not even of non-avoidance.
The increased importance of India, and the increased anxiety
of Russia artfully and secretly to wind her way to its very
gates, have long thrust themselves before Lord Palmerston
and his Colleagues, who, however, have always been blind,
halt, and lame, in all matters of foreign and colonial policy,
and more especially in those of most moment to the empire.
Giving the Post all due credit for sincerity in this
exposition of the real policy of the CZAR, we may be
allowed to express our surprise that a Journal which

so recently applauded the views of the noble represen-
tative of the late Lord CASTLEREAGII—the base

betrayer of the independence of Poland in 1815
should all at once express such virtuous indigna-
nation at the line of Foreign policy, as
regards Russia, hitherto pursued by Lord PALMER-
ton. That our Contemporary's attack on the Govern-
, ment is richly deserved, we freely admit, but it comes
with an exceedingly ill grace from a Journal which
dared to advocate the right of Russia, based on the
treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi, to close the Black Sea
against the British flag ; nay, more, to confiscate that
flag, and thus hold up our boasted sovereignty of the
seas to the ridicule of every tribe, from the Black Sea
to the Indus. We are heartily sick of having every
great question perverted into a petty contest for office ;
and we are the more sick of this from witnessing how
few considerations, beyond those arising from the
emoluments and honours of office, enter into the calcu-
lations of the leaders of either party. In all that re-
lates to the Foreign policy of Great Britain, the
Tories have proved themselves as arrant bun,-
lers as the Whigs ; and their wars have been
carried on with a degree of prodigality abroad
and corruption ac home, the fatal consequences
of w hich will he long and painfully felt by the work-
ing classes of this country. Nevertheless, so con-
vinced are we of the absolute necessity of adopting
such measures as shall effectualy check the progress
of Russia in the East, that we would support any Go-
vernment which would pledge itself to the opening of
the Black Sea, the restoration of Polish independence,
and the strengthening of our Oriental alliances—
trusting to the House of Commons for effectual checks
upon everything like an extravagant expenditure. I3e_

sides, if Russia will provoke us to defend ourselves—
to protect the rights of British commerce—measures
must be had recourse to which shall saddle her with
the cost. We have long pursued the system of
subsidizing nations to defend themselves, or at least
not to unite with our enemies. Is it not time that we
should learn, if a tyrant compel us to have recourse
to arms, that we are entitled to claim a full indem-
nity in the event of our being successful ?
So much for the absence of Whig and Tory spirit
in the views which we take of a war with Russia.
We care not a rush for the pretensions of faction to
a superior skill in the guidance of public affairs during
the continuance of hostilities. We look simply and
directly to the interests of the people—the nation at
large. But will there be a war ? Not immediately, if
the leaders of either party can avoid it. Russia
has discovered by this time that she has com-
mitted a blunder in Persia, and she is quite
sensible that in the event of a rupture we would
command the moral, if no part of the physical, support
of Western Europe. plumed beaver Her wily Minister will doff' his
to Lord PA LALEsßteSrT,Otizsrle,
panosdsibdieliptyloroef,
in the name of his Imperial A
any misunderstanding between two Powers, on account
of acts which the EmPEROR regards with horror;' and—
if the people can be gulled to permit such a shameful
abandonment of British interests—the quarrel, for the
present, may end in smoke, as far as concerns Et,land.
Not so as regards Russia. The first moment ofb our
wiinllenbearei;
1,1-ilelehaSrlnllAleisls
easy confidence will bieeldaebdusetod.
dicukd for having y

of our Envoy, and Russia will labour both day
and night to recover by intrigues, by bribes, and
by menaces, the ground both in the East and West, of
which England, in a moment of unexampled good
fortune, all at once deprived her. When Russia, to
speak the language of her semi-official oracle, finds
herself prepared to contest the Sovereignty of India
with us at Calcutta, then—and we fear not till then,
if left to itself--would our Cabinet, whether Whig or
Tory, declare war against the AUTOCRAT. But
where will England then look for the gallant spirits
who all but gave independence to Poland ? Shall we
have the SULTAN, and Austria, for not reluctant
allies and witnesses of the humiliation of the CZAR ?
Shall we gain, at the expence of millions, what
the outlay of thousands would now purchase
for us and for Europe ? These questions are worthy
the attention of the people of England, and with
them it will rest to decide whether Great Britain shall
assert her independence in every part of the world, or
continue the nominal ally, while descending to the
indignity of appearing in the eyes of the world as the
vassal, of a ruthless barbarian.

We beg leave to inform the writer in Blackwood's
Magazine, and the Country Gentlemen in general, that
his and their hopes that the Landed Interest will

escape a severe pressure " next Session," are wholly
without foundation. A formidable Anti-Corn-law
Association has been formed at Manchester, the Pro_
visional Committee of which consists of 70 members,
among whom are to be found some of the first Spinners,
Calico-printers, &c., in the town and neighbour-
hood. JOHN BENJAMIN SMITH, Esq., one of
the Magistrates of Lancashire, is Treasurer, and
the Society has already commenced its pro-
ceedings by inviting Mr. PAULTON, of Bolton, to
lecture at Manchester. We have already noticed this
gentleman's beneficial labours, and we arc gial to
learn that they have given as much satisfaction at
Manchester as at Bolton. His lecture yesterday
week at Manchester was attended, we are informed,
by at least one thousand persons ; and it is worthy of
notice by the landowners, that those parts of his lecture
which most bitterly condemned them, were received
with the most hearty approbation. The application for
tickets to attend his next lecture have been so numer-
ous, that it has been found not possible to grant them
all. The Manchester Association, therefore, have
wisely proposed, as one of their first operations, to
engage Mr. PAULTON to lecture on the subject of
the Corn-laws in all the large towns of England
during the winter. If they succeed in that, we are
assured, from the applause he has received at Bolton
and Manchester, that the flame he will kindle in the
North will not only destroy the Corn Laws but scorch
the landowners. Let them look to this in time. They
have no hold on the affections of the country. They are
of no use in society. Their dependents, and the
agricultural labourers, hate them almost as much
do the manufacturing labourers. They are now de-
servedly branded as a selfish, cruel, and unjust race of
men, who sacrifice the interest of the public, and
starve the labourers, for their own advantage ; and, if
they persist in such an unrighteous course of proceed-
ing—if they obstinately support the Devil's laws, they
can only expect severe and condign punishment. We

have warned them, and we have warned the middle
classes, that they can only stave off silent, creeping,
withering ruin, or violent revolution, by exerting them-
selves to procure the repeal of the Devil's laws. On this
account, mainly, we are glad to see the Manchester
mcn at length bestirring themselves, and we do hope
and trust that their example will be imitated by all
who have at heart the peace and welfare of the
community. If, as has been suggested, Mr. PA UL TON'S
tour in the north were backed by some person or
,persons lecturing in the agricultural districts, in
order to convince the farmers that their interest is

injured by the Corn-laws, as it really and effectively
is, we should anticipate complete and quiet success.
But whatever measures may be adopted, there is, we
are persuaded, no time to lose. Discontent is ripen.
ing apace amongst the agricultural labourers, as
well as in the manufacturing districts, and if hunger
should sharpen discontent, the whole of our institu-
tions would be endangered.

We beg the attention of our relders to the corres-
pondence between the Bishop of DURHAM and the
Archdeacon of that Diocese, which will be found in
another column. The Archdeacon, it appears, felt
it his duty, in consequence of the " strong feeling"
excited among the Clergy of the Arehdeaconry by
the Right Rev. Prelate's subscription to Mr.
TURNER'S sermons, to call his Diocesan's atten-
Lion to the subject. The Bishop of Dull-
HAM'S reply will, we are sure, be considered
by every man possessing the least pretension to a
Christian temper, as perfectly complete and satis-
factory. He states, what every one not carried away
by blind bigotry, or unreasoning party spirit, must
have well known, that in subscribing to thc publi-
cation of a volume of sermons, which he was assured
were to be of a practical, not of a controversial na-
ture, he had not the most distant intention
of subscribing to the peculiar opinions of
the author, or of countenancing any doctrines
at variance with those of the Church to which he be-
longs,
but that he acceded to Mr. TuRNER's wish
that his name should appear in the list of subscribers
as a personal compliment to that Reverend Gentleman,
whose character and attainments he highly esteems.
He adds, in the true spirit of a minister of that
Gospel which enjoins men to avoid giving offence to
a weak brother, that though << perfectly justified in

his own mind," he would not have subscribed could
he have foreseen the construction which his brethren
have put upon his conduct.
Well, indeed, may this amiable Prelate complain
of the misrepresentation and calumny of which lie has
been made the object by a set of fanatics and hypo-
crites. Well may he allude to the more liberal and
charitable temper of the Church, when half the Bench
subscribed, uncensurcd, to Dr. LARDNER'S
which were known to contain an open avowal and de-
fence of those Unitarian doctrines which now excite so
much horror in the minds of Churchmen. What will
such pious persons say to the following extract from a
letter to that great heretic from Dr. SEcKER, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury ?

" Good Dr. Lardner,—l beg you will pray God to give
me patience, and such degree of ease as he shall think'fit ;
and can only add, that as I hope my spirit is truly Chrisiiaq
towards all who love the Lord Jesus in sincerity, so I am,
with
oblicring partbehiculaviour ar este
to medem anhrough li thankful.nefe,s s for the whole of your
t
" Your faithful friend and servant,

Lambeth, July 13, 1768."

THOMAS CANT.

What ! an Archbishop ask a Unitarian Minister
to pray for him ! How shocking ! What dreadful
impiety I Was there no Archdeacon to call his
Grace to account for this dereliction of allegiance to
orthodoxy ?

The Morning Post of the 27th ult. contains in its
leading columns a gross misrepresentation both of the
circumstances which led to the Treaty of linkiar
Skelessi, and the Treaty of 6th July, 1827 ; asserting
that the latter "laid the foundation of the circumstances,
whereof the Treaty of Adrianople was the comple-
tion." The truth is, that the increased power of
Russia, at the expense of her rival, Turkey, has
arisen entirely from the able policy of Mr. CANNING
being left to be carried into execution by his politica!
and persowil rival, r,dio was actuated, according to the

I system of English party feeling, by a desire to injure
his credit, and indifferent to the consequences, as far
as the country's welfare was concerned. The object of
Mr. CANNING was to put an end to the piracy by
which our Levant trade was nearly ruined, by re-esta-
blishing Greece as a nation, and opening a more valu-
able commerce with her people than was permitted to
them in their then state of slavish dependence on Turkey.
This project being concocted whilst Lord LIVERPOOL
was the Prime Minister, and the Duke of WELLINGTON
having undertaken to obtain Russian accession to it,
during the severe season, and even whilst labouring under
severe illness, shows that he himself, in common with
the rest of the Cabinet, was then a willing party to it.
Shortly after this, Lord LIVERPOOL became politically
defunct; and upon the struggle for the post of Prime "Mi-
nister, arising out of that event, amongst his colleagues,
Mr. CANNING was successful. The consequent breaking
up of the purely Tory Government, and the prospect of
more liberality, induced some of the more moderate of his
Whig opponents to take office with him and give him
their best support; whilst those with whom he had long
acted in concert, particularly the Duke of WELLING-
TON, became his most bitter opponents. They were
joined in this enmity to Mr. CANNING personally, by
Lord GREY and a few of his particular adherents, whose
ostensibleground for their personal dislike was Mr. CAN-
NING'S opposition to Parliamentary Reform. The Duke
of WELLINGTON, upon becoming Premier, termed the
battle which arose out of the Treaty an " untoward
event," although it facilitated the complete execu-
tion of Mr. CANNING'S treaty, to which he had
now become opposed. Those on the spot, in
common with the Turkish and Egyptian politicians,
saw in this term a termination of the triple al-
liance, and contemplated a hostile feeling on the
part of England towards Russia, by which Power
a very marked approbation of the action had been
shown. In the hope, therefore, of drawing Eng-
land into her support, Turkey insulted Russia, by
openly disavowing any intention of fulfilling the
Treaty of Akerman, which she had previously and
with due solemnity made with Russia, knowing that
the latter must immediately avenge the insult by
war, and relying upon English support in her resist-
ance of the consequences. But political party feeling—
the predominant feeling in all English councils—joined
with total ignorance of the probable results, beyond the
opportunity of throwing obloquy upon Mr. CANNING'S
Treaty, led to our leaving our ancient ally, as Turkey
has been emphatically termed, for party purposes, in
the lurch, and abandoning her to her fate, under an
ill-founded conviction that no Russian army could ever
pass the Balkan. Next arose the consternation on the
part of our Government, which encouraged DI EBITSCII
to deceive the Turks into the Treaty of Adrianople,
when a proper interference might have enabled the
Turks to turn the scale. Our very wonder in-
duced Russia to demand a still more ruinous sum of
money, as indemnity for her forbearance, than Turkey
had agreed to pay. So much for the conduct of the
Tory party Government, who quitted office with the

taunt to their successors that they could not preserve
peace for six months. This taunt made peace, upon
any terms, the main purpose of the Whigs. And
thus the Whig Government, guided by similar party
considerations, refused assistance to the SULTAN,
when asked to protect him against MEHEMET
ALI, for fear of being led into difficulty and
expense, and thereby drove him to claim
the protection of Russia as the only means of pre-
serving his Throne. As to the Whigs being the
cause of the present state of affairs in the East, as
stated in the Morning Post, is therefore as fallacious
as it is impudent. But they are justly blameable
for not profiting by so favourable an opportunity of
retrieving the errors of their Tory predecessors, by
not sending at once into the Black Sea a British squa-
dron. With respect to the injury done to Turkey
by the battle of Navarin, party writers are equally in
error. The Turkish ships of the line in that port
were so leaky as to be obliged to pump night and day,
to keep them from sinking ; and when In HA rir
contrary to his word of honour, attempted to enter the
Gulph of Lepanto, and was met off Patras and
driven back by a part of the English squadron, he did

not venture to take any of those ships of the line with
him, knowing the probability of their foundering__
as one of them subsequently did on her passage to
Alexandria, and the others not destroyed in the battle,
were obliged to be run aground withi❑ the port, to
save the lives of the crew. Moreover, besides having
sent only such ships as would be no loss, the SULTAN
saddled MEHEMET ALI with the whole expense of the
expedition, fleet, and troops.
Had Mr. CANNING lived, he might possibly have
acceded to the proposal of Russia, that in con-
sequence of the insult offered to the Allied flags, we
should insist upon that agreement with the object of
the Treaty which had been refused by the Turks,
whilst it was readily given by the Greeks ; the three
Powers binding themselves to each other not to benefit

in any way, by territory or other advantages, by what-
ever measures an obstinate perseverance on the part of
the SULTAN might render necessary to effect the joint
object. Had this proposition been assented to by
the English Government, the English Admiral
would have had the execution of it, the EMPEROR
having proposed that he should continue in the com-
mand of the three squadrons"; and had his army hesi-
tated to retreat from any advance they might have
made into the Turkish territory, a French army was
ready to be conveyed to the point necessary for enforc-
ing it. Taking this view of the consequences of Mr.
CANNING'S measure being executed under his aus-
pices, it is not to be doubted that Turkey would have
been benefited rather than injured, by receiving the
regular tribute from Greece, instead of being at the
expense of endeavouring to suppress a revolt which
was endangering the whole of her Asiatic terri-
tory ; piracy would have been put down effectually ;
and Russia would have remained as she was when the
Treaty was signed.

Another county meeting in Ireland is announced
for the Bth of this month. The general object of the
meeting is, in the words of Mr. O'CoNNELL, " for
the equalization of civil and religious liberty with the
rest of the British empire," but its especial and im-
mediate object is for the abolition of tithes. Sir RO-
BERT PEEL and his party now regret, and will re-
aret to their last moments, the fatal obstinacy with
which they resisted every species of Parliamentary
Reform ; yet they have ever since the memorable
discussions on the East Retford question been
following precisely the same course as regards the
question of Tithes in Ireland, and every day adds
new proofs that their labours in this cause, will,
in a very few years, have the same reward. The
High Church Journalists begin to see the danger,
and are frantic with rage against the Marquis of
HEADFORT and Lord HOWICK, and every man who
looks dispassionately on the subject, and leave no
means untried to excite the Protestants of this country
against the Government, and against their Catholic
fellow-subjects in Ireland. But the " No Popery'
cry has had its day. Many of our clergy pre fast
verging towards the doctrines of the Church of
Rome ; and the great body of the people, namely, all
who are not Tories, begin to see that it is not for the
sake of religion, but for filthy lucre, that the ultra-
Church party make such determined resistance to the
just claims of the Irish nation. They cannot fail to
see also that a struggle with seven millions in such an

unjust cause would be utterly hopeless. If the Scot-
tish nation, amounting to little more than a seventh
part of that number, wrested the Tithes from the
Episcopal clergy, and conferred them on a Church
which differs more from the Church of England than
that Church differs from the Church of Rome, what
chance has any Tory Government of resisting the
united efforts of nearly the whole population of Ire-
land ? Catholic landlords, and Catholic peasantry,
are unanimous on the subject—the Protestant land-
lords in their hearts wish them success, or openly join
with them, and were Sir ROBERT PEEL in office to-
morrow, he would be forced to make concessions ten
times greater than would have satisfied the Catholics
only five years ago. This is the natural and the just
consequence of resisting reasonable demands. He has
already received two great lessons on the folly of Tory-
ism, and notwithstanding all the aid of Lord STANLEY
and Sir JAMES GRAHAM, and the new born zeal of
such men as Sir FRANCIS BURDETT, he must
speedily submit to a third.

We are glad to see that the case of 'WILLIAMS
which appeared in The Sun yesterday, has furnished
our Contemporary, the Morning Chronicle, with an
opportunity of resuming those dissertations on the in-
equality of the English laws which formerly earned for
it a deservedly great reputation. We quote, in support
of the views we yesterday took, the following para-
graph.:—

" Law in England is deemed an advantage, from which
the poor ought to be excluded. We see, for instance, in the
case of a poor Welsh weaver, a Parson Magistrate coolly
fixing bail at a sum far beyond what the friends and neigh-
bours of such a man can possibly give, and this because he felt
it of importance that threats of violence against officers in
the administration of justice should be repressed. And this is
in the year 1838, just one hundred and fifty years since the
fine of 30,0001. imposed on the Earl of Devonshire, and
the high bails exacted from several other individuals,
led to the famous stipulation in the Bill of Rights. In
England the lord is everything and the poor man nothing ;
and while the whole country rung with the injustice done to the
Whig aristocracy before the Revolution, poor men are dragged
o gaol day after day from inability to find bail, and the thing
passes as a matter of course. The whole legislation of England
has for its object only the ease and comfort of the rich ; and
the higher classes, we know, will turn up their noses at the
presumption of any one thinking that the rights and comforts
of the poor should be deemed woolly of a moment's regard."

The public will learn with great pleasure that the
Great Western has weathered the severe gale of
Monday last, in gallant style, having been spoken
with, all well, some hundred miles on her passage across
the Atlantic.

We direct particular attention to the letter of a
" Manufacturer," respecting the Manchester and
Rugby Extension Railway. If it be true that the great
monopolists of the London and Birmingham and Grand
Junction Railway Companies have at length made com-
mon cause with the Manchester and Birmingham
Company, the public will do well to look to themselves.
We are, and always have been, advocates for the ex-
tension of Railways ; but it does not, therefore, fol-
low that we are advocates for monopoly. As compe-
tition is the soul of enterprise, so is it the safety
guardian of the public against imposition and oppres-
sion. In this feeling alone do we caution, not . only
the public, but the promoters of Railway undertak-
ings, to act prudently and with circumspection, for no
party will long put up with undue demands by the other.

We direct the attention of our readers to the
Report of what took place between Lord PALMER-
STON and a deputation of merchants on the subject of
the Mexican blockade, at the Foreign Office, on
Tuesday, which will be found in another part of The
Sun. It is with pleasure we observe that his Lord-
ship appears at last alive to the importance of pro-
tecting our commerce, and the honour of our flag, in
all parts of the world.

A case which has just been decided at the Michael-
mas Quarter Sessions, in Essex, illustrates the views
we have presented to the public of the opposition of
interest betwixt the titheowners and the landowners,
and the prospects of what will ensue when the Corn-
laws are abolished. The inhabitants of South Weald,
Essex, rated the Vicar to the poor on account of his
tithe-rent charge amounting to 5641. at 4501., thus
abating twenty per cent. This, however, did not
satisfy the Reverend Incumbent, who, urged on by
the general demands now made by the great
body of the priesthood, and acting in their avaricious
spirit, appealed against the rate. The appeal was
heard by two clerical Magistrates, who, according to
Mr. KNox's statement at the Quarter Sessions, sus-
tained the appeal without inquiry, and further reduced
the sum to be rated to the poor 50 per cent., or mak-
ing it 2251. instead of the full sum of 5641. That was
the clerical view of what is justice towards the re-
ceivers of tithes. From this clerical deci-
sion the parish appealed to the Quarter Ses-
sions—and, as on the Bench, the laymen and
landowners outnumbered the clerks, the Quarter
Sessions, by a considerable majority, quashed the
order of the two clerical Magistrates, and restored the
original rate. On the Bench there were four clergy-
men, and they all voted for enforcing the order made
by their two brethren, while all the lay Magistrates
present, except Mr. G. PALMER, M.P. for Essex, by
the grace of the Parsons, voted for rescinding it. The
lay Magistrates' ideas of justice differed totally from
those of the clergymen, and it redounds not much to
the credit of either, that both decided accord-
ing to their own interest and in their own fa-
vour. Now, when gentlemen on the Bench, take
such different views, and so openly wrest the law to
their purposes, what can be expected from them when
they make the laws ? Let the abolition of the Devil's
laws, then, but once bring the greedy;and impoverished
landlords into direct collision with the owners of the
tithe-rent charge on their estates, and it will be not
worth six months' purchase. If the people of Ireland,
who are now so vehemently reproved for demanding
a total abolition of tithes, should find no countenance

till the Corn-laws be abolished, they will then assuredly
be fully justified by the conduct of the English landlords.

Advices from Constantinople of the 10th ult., re-
ceived this day, state positively that Mr. M'NEIL,
our Ambassador in Persia, has returned to Teheran,
and that agents from the SHAH, with explanatory
letters for Lord PALNIERSTON, are on their way to
England. The SHAH has offered to guarantee by
treaty the independence of Herat, stipulating only for
the liberty of retiring from before it unmolested.

We have received letters and papers from Madrid
to the 23d ult., inclusive. General NA RWAEZ con-
tinued in the capital, where the QUEEN had com-
manded him to remain till after the meeting of the
Cortes. The journals bring no news from the theatre
of war, with exception of stale rumours not worth re-
peating if even true. We copy from the Gazette the
only paragraph that attracted any notice

It having been maliciously reported " that the same har-
mony did not now exist as formerly between the Governments
of Spain and England, in consequence of the fact of the
charge d'affaires of her Britannic Majesty (Lord William
Hervey), who has given many proofs of his desire to maintain
that harmony, not having attended at the late besamoros at the
Palace, we are authorised to state that never, at any period,
wera the relations between the tao Cabinets more intimate
and friendly than at the present moment, and that there never
was a time when the enemies of our cause, covert or de.
dared, had less grounds for spreading the reports to which we
have alluded."

The Paris papers of Wednesday are full of specu-
lations on the question of a war between England and
Russia, and the probable formation of a closer alliance
between France and this country. The Siecle alludes
to a report of a secret alliance between the CITIZEN-
KING and the CzAtt, but only for the purpose of

expressing a disbelief in it—adding, that
have
rupie Treaty has shown that France can
allies, so long as the Chamber shall want Fatresolutio
assume the initiative in her foreign relations. r
different is the language of the Editor of the Couroe f
Francais, who gravely states that the friendship
France has become an object of European solicittl7:
the Gnat
and in a spirit of barter, intimates that the mu.
desired alliance is not likely to be formed witll°ll.
valuable consideration ! We take the following Cr
tract from a long article, filled with abuse of the E°
lish Press, in order to make a few passing rein°.
upon the grave statements which it contains
andThne organs of the most opposite parties, Tories, ''."1317,ir
adtcals, divided upon every otherpoint, unite 10
clamours against France. Sometimes it is he vines, riel;
cently converted to Toryism, which demands from us an ac,c,1,°,130
of the conquest of Algiers, an enterprise undertaken ri"",go
the consent of England, as though we were not a sore,frer'r
people, but the vassals of a foreigner Sometimes the nett
ing Chronicle accuses us of meditating the invasion of
and, doubtless to awake the susceptibilit of Lord Palmerst °°;
of exciting the United States to take upyarms in favour of dal
bandits whom in our justice we must chastise. Anotberolg
the Courier reproaches the French Journals with Prea.cilour
war and seeking to embroil England with Russia, as for
articles had set in motion the troops which left lqll%ra-dicsl
Bombay. To-day here is another story ; The Sun (a nj:dis'
paper, par excellence), clearing at one leap the most v4",,tits
tauces, pretends that England France have only tog", to
word, only to frown together, like another enraged JuPltelbst
re-establish Polish nationality, and to annihilate Russia ;pg.
if France refuses to associate herself in the campaign ° ft, be'
lish radicalism, it will be, as the editor of The San saJ-
forehand, a signal perfidy. al •e it
England needs our alliance. If she expects to g irie•
easier and more completely by this language, in wh;eihi
naces dispute with injury, it is an illusion 'Which v",'; to be
sipate itself; a nation like France will not allow herse:,
intimidated. Doubtless there is no power in the. "-re
Russia not excepted, which could withstand a coaltlict
France and England; such a coalition is in the regular ° jot
of things, and the course of events ought to bring it about'bsPo
it must only be entered upon'on an entire equality. vehere
run the career of battles and adventures enough, and %fare
joining ourselves to a people so little chivalrous in thCir It" ti
we ought to calculate what we should derive from it. b
France may close her eyes upon facts which only.hetvr-,llc.
minor ambition. When England took possession of the pef
land Islands, and spoke of colonising them. the subjectarot
not important enough to move us. But if they wish t°
us into a war with Ru;sia, into a war which must nect
become European, into a war which England undertn, sse
order to protect or extend her territorial possessions, IP' A
ought to consider what England means to do for 119'106
people who do all for themselves, and for themselves A, tbei
will not think it strange that we should ask them v7115'100
mean to do for us, and remind them of their favourite
" Nothing for nothing." -i"
When the Empress of Russia, CATHARINB an
1786, resolved upon the division of the °ttet- to
empire, she generously made an offer of EgYsivc
France, as the reward of an offensive and ciele-vea
alliance between the two Powers. Now we are ffer
more munificent than the Empress, for we ,s„ses,
France to appropriate as much of Africa as she Pe"the
without once reminding her of a Treaty, whiche $
Courier Francais may possibly remember, givessoot
rather annoying right of asking a world of lore:- her
questions about the right of France to esrab,alisilditer
power on the African shores of the l'e,t
ramean. We have, moreover, overlooked a llt°'vis
suspicious circumstances connected with "I":ty;
PHILIPPE'S observance of the Quadruple 'r-roet.
and even permitted pranks to be played with our less
cantile navy in the Mexican Gulf, which a P°werculti
observant of polite attentions than France e
hardly deny would give us strong claims to her g
offices. that
But enough of the force of this question' more
we may approach the gist of it a little us
nearly. Would the Courrier Francais hay.ernply
believe that the friendship of France is spi-efore
a purchasable commodity ? Must England, •
pohsh
engaging her in a war for the restoration of
cure
ndependence, enter into an engagement to secure
her against the possibility of risk ? The Coextendr'
Francais talks about our making war to e,
l)
our territory. Now, we never dreamt of s°
Jr.
,if
posterous an undertaking ; neither did this °,"r,
nal ever recommend or suggest the annihilatlef
of Russia. All that we seek is the independence
the Porte, the restoration of Polish independence;
the free navigation of the Black Sea, and the malcir",
the Caucasian ridge, and the Western shore of the Casa
pian the limits of the Russian empire, on the Easter
side ; and in the realization of these projects we canoe& an
cern the true interests of France to be less at stake °nee
our own. Seriously to propose an indemnity to Frg .
for co-operating in an effort to restore the
of Poland, would be to treat her with the grosseskid
dignity ; and yet the Courrier Francais, while have us
to enhance the value of her friendship, would ;„ter-
believe that such a proposal would be cordially °lois'
tamed by her Government ! Surely no English jt, of
ever aimed such 'a blow at the boasted chivalry
oatiootal:,

France.
v ;rite'
Of domestic intelligence there is none of any
es.
rest in the papers of Wednesday. The followolotti,
tracts from them contain all the news they c°ll/
cate of any moment to an English reader :---
" Advices from Bagdad had been received in !gdYir:rfigCd
, ~,
nouncing that another corps of British troops 00;a
in the Persian Gulf, with a small
°e
park of artillerY, tsoisb
tion, &c.; that regular communications had been es role
between Bushire and India, and that two British Oserfe ,
were stationed off Bussorah. Those troops were ti be poStb'
a rallying point for the numerous malcontents of l
western provinces of Persia. —Courrier Francais. „his et;
The Ministry has deprived Rear-Admiral Gallois hicht
mand in the Mediterranean. To the observations woe tiv
measure has called forth, it has been rumoured that st ess
vernment does full justice to one of the bravest andul„,°6 of 'we
rienced officers of our navy, and that the sole roet',ts.
measure is to diminish the expense of our aroutelt-we
are always inclined to approve of retrenchments, YTh.vices
regret that the country should be deprived of the s,etbegtsibe
one of its ablest naval officers. It appears to us that that ;„'4
of things in the Mediterranean is not so satisfactorYwe th'ye
moment is well chosen to reduce our naval force. pi hsbe
too in choosing between two Admirals, the MinistrYwf, to,lbs
been blamed by nobody if it had given the preferen', of '
brilliant officer who got possession of Ancona by on
boldest co
emaups
ph de main that our navy boasts. fon°.
Sore of Marseilles of the 27th has t"- itt
article : „
‘, The arrival of the English packet the Corroofer"o
our port, with important despatches from the Britisb.o
ment, is said to have been in consequence of eertalon IP-tat
respecting which the English Press will doubtless 5o
the P°beit
some information. It is said that England was /1. giO
of coming to an arrangement with the Shah of Pere l roe pg
Russian intrigue succeeded in persuading him toe tr°°o
hostile; that Russia had sent to his assistance sei°l in
and a General, that the Russian General was :be
action between the Persian and the English ; seuloubles
ter
had proofs that the Czar was concerned in the "„ P°
Persia. This last news is said to have come by vial d
so
Constitutionnel. , Are
BRUSSELS, OCT. 31.—The average prices 0, tober'•
Rye, in the week ending on Saturda the 27th uchectolit.,o
as follows :—Wheat, 25f. 45c. ; Rey,,l4f. 20c. Peresportati-st
Wheat is therefore free from import duty, and the 00
'ofit is prohibited. The import duty on RYe
21f. 50c. per 1,000 kilogrammes. char..
tb,
The Marquis of Douro, accompanied by Colons rdsi'
coming from Ghent, arrived atpAnitwerp on satu ad!
27th, and set out on the following day for Brussels' was re•os•
SNIYRNA, OCT. 3.--The Capitan Pacha, whe intents Ad
to enter the Dardanelles, has suddenly changed blsuadroOreol
and steered to the South. Admiral Stopford's scled jhi
joined that of the Capitan Pacha, and almost seem ;oine"tbe
it. The English and Turkish sailors have been ee,rJ told
so
their Admirals to live in harmony with each 04:1,5' cirsi
severest punishments are threatened on both 11 'AclOire,
cause should be given for disputes between theto•adrocs,ri
Gallois is on the point of following the two liclu-tradict-
n
specting the destination of which the most coo
reports are in circulation.
FRENCH FUNDS.—Paats, OCToss* 51.
Five per Cents., 1091. 95c. 1101.
Four per Cents., 102 f. 40c.
Three per Cents. 811. 40c. 45c. 5' e•
Bank Actions, .:6751. 2,6301. 2,r 83f.
liente ~e Napies, 1011. 55c. 50c.
Roman Five per Cents., 103%
Spanish Actives, 18.
Spanish Passives, 4.
Belgian Five per Cents., 103 103 W•
Belgian Bank, 1,450 f:
Hay tian Loan, 3731.

IntcHANGS ON LONDON.
onf
One month, paper,money, 21%43.
Three months, paper, 25f. 27%c.; money,
LATEST PRICES.
Five per Cents. 109 f. 93c.
Three per Cents., 81f. LOc.
Bank Actions, 2,685 f.
Romans' 103%.
Belgian Loan, HAM.
Belgian Bani,L4sof.
Portuguese Three per Cent', 20W.
Spanish Actives, 18.
Spanish Passives, 4.
/lapis!) Loan, NM