The Sun.
London, England, 1831-01-22 00:00:00

MEETING AT MANCHESTER.

The numerous body of Reformers in Mancheater and
Salford held a public meeting in the Town-hall on Thurs-
day. A requisition, signed by 233 respectable merchants,
manufacturers, and tradesmen, had been presented to the
Boroughreeve and Constables, requesting them to convene
a public meeting, that the inhabitants of the town. migl
have an opportunity of expressing their seetitneats on the
subject of Reform. The authorities, imitating the ex-
ample of the Sheriff of arawalj, and some other public
officers, refused to comply with the requisition. assigning
as a reason for their non-compliance, the excited state of
the town and neighbourhood; the division of seniimeet
the subject of Reform, even among the reformers them.
selves, and the promise of the Ministry, that they would
bring forward the measure of Parliamentary Reform in
both Houses of the Legislature. The-requisitionists were
not contented with the refusal, and immediately appointed
a public meeting to be held in the Town-ball. The roods
which is very spacious, was crowded to excess, the audi-
tory amounted to upwards of 2,000 persons, comprising
a large proportion of the talent and wealth of the town of
Manchester and Salford. The platform, from which the
speakers addressed the assembly, was crowded with highly
respectable gentlemen.
E. BAXTER, Esq., was called to the Chair, and opened
the business of the meeting in a speech distinguished by
good sense and energy.
RICHARD POTTER, Esq.—Mr. Chairman and gentle-
men, I feel highly honoured at having the privilege of
moving the first resolution, and meeting my fellow-towns-
men on an occasion like the present. On the issue of
this great question depends the happiness, the security, if
not the very political existence of the country. Gentle-
men, the proceedings of this (lay will, in consequence of
the rapidity with which intelligence is conveyed, soon find
their way to most parte of the kingdom. The Govern-
ment will hear of them, and I also trust the borough-
mongers will hear them; and I anticipate that our pro-
ceedings will he marked with such a degree of dignity and
firmness that a considerable effect will be produced, and
that dismay and consternation will be felt by that body of
men who have so long deprived Englishmen of their just
and undoubted rights, and usurped thelrepreeentation of the
people—l mean the boroughinongers.—(G reat applause. )
This town is the centre, of a vast population-..great in-
deed in number, but greater still in enterprise, industry,
and all the qualities which confer strength, grandeur,'nnd
importance, on a nation. When such a people arise, ss it
were like one man, to state their dissatisfaction at the pre.
snit state of the House of Cotntnons, I anticipate that a
beneficial result will ensue. In the answer to the requisi-
tion which you have heard read, the boroughreeve and
constables speak of the excited state of the town
and neighhourhood, as a reason for not having called the
meeting. Admitting, for the sake of argument, it is so,
that can be no valid objection against the meeting, for the
excitement I suppose they allude to is among the spinners,
and, if I mistake not, the spinners of Manchester, in
common with the workmen of other trades, are for a Re-
form in Parliament.—(Hear, hear, and applause.)—lt is,
therefore, the last thing in their minds to come here and
attempt to defeat the object of a meeting which will, it is
hoped, promote a measure which they know wili be bene-
ficial to them, in common with their richer townsmen,—
a measure which they know will check the extravagant
expenditure of the public money,—a measure which will
prevent the money of the 'country being expended in cor-
rupting the members of the House of Commons, at whose
'disposal are placed the resources and liberties of the coun •
try—(Applause)--a measure which will bring about a
considerable reduction of taxation, more particularly of
such as presses upon the labouring class--(Hear, hear)
—a measure which in fact will, I trust, again make this
country a happy and contented one.—(Applause.)--
Really this distrust of the working Glasses is, in my epi-
nion, highly injurious and impolitic, and ,fren sets men at
variance whose interests are, or at least ought to be, sy.
nonymous. ' Nearly half a century ago, it is reported
of Mr. Pitt, that on one occasion in the House of Com-
mons be actually took out his watch, . and, .cooking
at it, emphatically declared, " that every minute which
was suffered to pass away without Parliamentary Re-
form being conceied, was injurious to the best interests
of the people, and kept them from the enjoyment of
their just and undoubted rights."—(Hear,
an
jtmanys—tb_naamoyhnbtiaoulcvelttiohleoamesnpstrseisei nlopi;eibeitit:Etinefohf;noregrena,
liwfisohm i
lmapassedeennmoehtaawyteseooyndtieeiesnileteonyNdotehuede:
aghotl Millions
ednli
gentlemen,
imnsose
esfiei
noneef,ntteutmirtrnt
tomb—but
Ministers,hni
that unless the people of England, Scot'and, and Ireland,
f
come forward at this crisis to support King William IV.
etimaree (I
restored willnot
toot curaty
rights.—(Great applause.) The necessity of a Reform
in the House of Commons is now so generally aeknow-,
'edged, that I should be wasting your time in.attempting
to prove such necessity; but I will inertly mention itwo
or three instances, to show she glaring and •monstrous de-
fects of ihe representation. I will begin with our wen
county.
dat Jltt nheoltdhein my 2
borough
ihmand,anreelaxttirnagettofrotime
or --ro.
the deed states that these two families are ownei:•is (t)itie pb
wietors of 90 burgages, ancf une-half bnrgage
*s ',Dirk; puma
rough vf.cilitherw. outs tkat
Clitherow, between the family of Lister and the Cutzons ;
o-
a deed hear-
ingt.

melons to Thontas Lister, Esq., and the remainder to the
-Cursons,—(Applause, and cries of " Hear, hear.") The
deed goes on to state, th it it is desirable, to prevent dis-
putes, at every general election e ,ch of the contracting
parties shall nominate one Member.—( Hear.) In another
part of dee deed is an agreement how a vacancy shall be
fiikki up, if any occurs, subsequent to a getterel election
but in the whole document not one word is said abotai
the electors,—they are no parties to the conteacte—
The practice, I understand, et Clitherow is, that persons
living in burgage houses bold them and other property at
rents below their value. Should a refractory burgess tW•.
casionally vote against the patron's nominee, he la scentto
suffer. At the conclusion of the deed, the contracting
parties solemnly pledge themselves te, abide by the enact-
ment " by the words, faith, end honour of gentlemen."
I make no comments upon this document, it speaks for
itself. The borough of Wigan is another and a different
specimen of the boroughmongerissg System.—(Great ape
plause.)—The inhabitants of that spirited town, are nobly
struggling to emancipate themselves from the degradation
and injury they have so long laboured tinder.—(Hear,
hear, and applause.)—The power of deciding which of the
inhabitants of Wigan shall exercise the elective fritealtise
is invested in a jury, nominated by the cerrearation ;
something like the lord of the manor's
.;:ley who choose the
bernughreeve and constables of the town of Manchester,—
(tlear, hear, and applause,. )_Knaresborough, in York-
shire, is a third specimen. The Duke of Devonshire is
what is called the patron of the borough, that is, he nooti-
netes the Members, and it is a little singular and te:ther
novel in the system, that none of the inhal.i!ents of the
town have any concern in the election..--( Lear,—shame.
The day before the election takes place, a number of tie
Duke of Devonshire's tenants, from BoltonsWeige and
other places, come into the town, and certain burgage
houses are surrendered to them, and the neat day they go ,
into Court, and return the persons the Duke's agent re-
quests them to do, and then they are denominated the
Members for Knaresborough.—(Cries of " Shame !")_ ,
There is only one more instance which I will adduce to
show the extraordinary state of the representation of Eng-
land. This document which I hold in my hand, contains
the names of 102 English boroughs, the entire population
of which was, at the census of 1821, 186,370. The
population of the parish of Manchester at the satne
was 187,031. Majority in favour of Manchester, 661.1
—(Hear, hear, " Shame.")—Since 1821, as most of you
knew, a very great increase bas taken place in the parish
of Manchester, whilst I believe a great number of the
boroughs have remained nearly stationery. That if the
population of the kingdom was now taken, the parish of
Manchester would contain, I have no doubt, as many, if
not more inhabitants, than are in 130 boroughs that re-
turn 260 Members, forming a majority of the English
Members, who are 518.—(Shame.)—But it should be
borne in mind how very few of the inhabitants have votes.
To give you some idea of which, I have another list, con-
taining the names of 25 boroughs that return 50 Members)
and the total number of votes are only 318.—(Shame.)1
—ln Scotland, the state of representation is, if possible,
still more shameful ; but I have just received a letter from
a valuable friend of mine in Scotland, who knows the
state of feeling well. The writer says, " The spirit' of
Parliamentary Reform is spreading far and wide in Scot-
land ; and, in less than a year, we hope and confidently
expect to see the hustings of a popular election at the
Cross of Edinburgh."—(Great applause.)
Mr. Steterreewortrir—l have very considerable pica-
sure in seconding the resolution which my excellent friend
Mr. Potter has proposed. If the Ministers should be left
-uninstructed, and unencouraged by the public voice, they
may, from ignorance of the public wish, from distrust of
the public support, or from that bias against popttler pri-
vileges which has always, in this country, characterised
the possessors of power, not only propane an inadequate
measure of Reform, but even attempt to pass upon us
some scheme of solemn and pompous imposture.—(Cheers. )
—ln this way the interests of the people may suffer by
their negligence in holding public meetings; and in this
way too, the present talented Ministry may turn out to be
something like the clever footman in the farce, whose chief
boast and qualification it was, that be could change his
master's plate before he was half served—(Cheers and
laughter)—or they may, like the physicians of Sancho
Pants in Barataria, tantalize our hungry desires for Re-
form, by parading the banquet before us without allowing
us—famishing though we be—to taste a single morsel.—
(Continued laughter.)—Sotne of the present Pilinisters are
honourably distinguished for the purity and consistency of
',their public conduct, and I sineTtely believe them to he
actuated by the most excellent intentions ; but it is, never-
theless, impossible to overlook the general fact, that the
possession of place and power has a corrupting influence,
tinder exposure to which, public spirit and even public
virtue, too often sink—(Cheers)—
Like hardy plants, which love the air end sky,
When out they flourish, and when in they die.

—(Continued cheering.) These are not the first Ministers
of the Crown, who have, at different times, declared them-
selves favourable to Reform. Mr. Fox advocated Reform
while he was a Minister in 1782. The Duke of Rich-
mond did the same. And it is recorded that Lord Shel-
burne stipulated for Parliamentary Reform as the condition
of his taking office. The exertions of these Ministers,
however, ended in nothing ; and the chief cause that they
did so—and I mention it as a warning—was the apathy
of the people.—(Cheers.) In consequence of that apathy,
the evils of misgovernment have gone on increasing with a
constantly accelerating velocity, till their magnitude, ope-
rating in one direction, and the combined intelligence and
sufferings of the people in another, now threatens a
Rion which may break up all the present institutions of
society, unless some modifications can be promptly intro-
duced to regulate the movement of these opposing elements.
--(Loud and continued cheering.) Hitherto the Govern-
ment of this country has been monopolized by aristocracy
—there has been no direct popular influence connected
with it ; and hence it has become an immense mass of
corruption and patronage.—(Cheers,) The private owners
of Parliament have allowed those only to be Ministers
whom they knew would be the willing accessories to
their enormous and unjust appropriations from the people.
--(Much cheering.) For them, therefore, the abuses of
the church establishment have been sanctioned—for them
the wasteful maintenance of the army and navy has been
continued,—for them the corn laws have been enacted--
(Great cheers)—for them monopolies east and west have
been perpetuated—for them charters and privileges have
been granted—for theirs places, pensions, and appoint-
ments, in every direction at home and abroad, have
been with the utmost profusion •reated—(Cheers)—fir
them all the abominations of our system of law have
remained undressed—(Cheers),—and for them, in all de-
partments of public administration, the most boundless
and prodigal extravagance has been indulged.—(Cheer-
ing.) By the dispensation of benefits to them through
these sources, have the affairs of Government been con-
tently carried on. These have been the means, and with
a corrupt Parliament the necessary means, foul and perni-
cious as they are, which every Minister,—no matter what
might be his talent—no matter what might be the vir-
tues of his personal character—has invariably in modern
times, found himself, compelled to employ, in order to con-
duct the business of the state.—( Cheers.) But this sys-
tem is now happily working to its close.—(Cheers.)
That excellent and honest Minister, Lord Althorp, has
emphatically declared that the time is past for conducting
affairs of this country by patronage.—(Hear, and loud
cheering.) To continue patching and holstering up the
old system is clearly vain and illusory. An entirely new
system must be introduced. There is no other mode of
redressing present grievances and averting future.--
(Cheers.) The House of Commons, as now constituted,
is an assembly in which the people have no power. The
reform of that house must be such as will return members I
who have no interest in misgovernment,—members who
will act for the benefit of the whole community, and not,
as Feretofere, for the exclusive benefit of themselves and
borough-owners,—members who will no longer sacrifice
the interest of the many to the interest of the few.—
(Much cheering.) To secure this result it is necessary
they should represent not, as they now do, the aristo-
cracy, but the people ; they must be intimately and
closely connected with the people at large, and must have
no other constituents.—(Cheers.) This purpose can be
effected with certainty only by more frequent e'ection, by
a general diffusion of the franchise, and, above all, by
complete independence of voting,—that is, by secret
voting, or voting by ballot.—(Continued cheering.)
Mr. PRENTICE said, the question will come at last,
" You have asked for an extension of the suffrage, how
far do you wish it to he extended ?" My answer to the
question, which must come, is, " Extend it to all—ex-
tend it to every body."—(Great cheering.)--Who is there
bold enough to draw the line between those who are wor-
thy, and those who are unworthy of the franchise? Let
any one try a scheme in which exclusion has a part, and
he will find himself involved in insurmountable thee_
enities. Let him fix on an assessed rent, for instance,
and the absurdity of giving a vote to a man who is as-
sessed at 101., and refusing it to one who is assessed at
91. 100. will be instantly apparent. The absurdity will
be still more striking, when he considers that the voter of
this year, by a change of assessors, or by the most trifling
reduction of his rent, may not be a voter next year. Let
him, if he will, try whether the possession of property
Would furnish a better rule ; and here fresh difficulties
would assail him, for what is more uncertain than the
Scriptures
continuance of property ill ens- band ? The

tell us that riches take unto themselves wings, and fly
away, and we all see the truth of the, saying; yet we
look to the possession or non-possession M: a thing of this
'uncertain tenure, as deeMve whether a man shall exercise!
political rights or Shill not.—( Hear, hear.)—A man is
qualified to-der, and Government alters the Visiol of money,
and te-morrow he is deprived of she p6wer of exercising
tstsy the slightest influene 4eter the Legislature whose mea-
sure has ruined Half the kingdom 'is iisinttil "y a
juggle of thiel.ind ; and is, in additin, elel'e6aded of all
opportunity of claiming redreer; cantle the other half,
which has profited !by tli' rst wrong, gains by the second t
the power of revere bating it, for the whole representaeoie or
the creek: rev falls into their hands, Il'etee_Cr net dwell on
, the difficulties attending enttey attempt to fix a property
qualification. A stOey is told of Dr. Franklin, which
embodies vety neatly the absurdity of such a scheme
Dr, '‘.•Liklift was once a member of a bode., fit Which lel
Was contended that a certain atnn`nt of property (fifty
dollars, we think) ehoolei Ye'quired to ebinditirte k vote.
The Doctor was oppoeed 'to it. " to-day;" !lays he, " a
man omms a jeekass, worth ftidolleX s, and he is entitled to
tore ; hut befoee 'the next election comes, the jackass
The man, in the man time, has beet-qrs.. sLiore expe-
rienced---.W.1 knowledge of goverentient., and his acquaint-
ance with mankind, are meet, extensive—and he is there-
fore better qualiSesi to make a proper election of ?leis;
but the iacittse is dead, and the man eses'ent \!ezate. Now,
gene's:ton," said he, addressin hilosell to the advocates
hi that measure, " prey inl-6rm me in whom is the right
of suffrage ; is it its the in In or is it in the jackassm—
(Loud laughter.)—The greatest writer ors the science of
civil government—the illustrioun frhee
never to be named but in teems of 'eerier-Aims anti respect,
—(Loud cheere)-I;•enthain has tteid that there is a
more orgent necessity for the representation of per-
sem without property than for the represertatten of
persons with property. Those who Hain property, Le
says, can change its' shape stn'; remove it wherever
they please, hut those wzao are without it have not the
power to fly from a ';`,ad Government. They must remain
where they tLe, and being so obliged, ought to have
a the election of those who are to govern them.
Mr. Greg has told you of a period whestetlee expression of
liberal opinions exposed teen to the Violence of an igno-
rant 011th. At those who %vette at that time assailed
for the !ilserality of Lis opinions was Mr. Cooper, e. bar-
ri-eter of this town, kit who left it on acco'snt of the per-
secution he experienced, and is now) if alive, a Judge in
America. That gentleman, in 1111 famous reply to Burke's
invective, says—" I reeul.d have the man whose stake in
the community reinsists of life, and liberty', at L'Jmur,
with a peftety in his pocket, to have att eine' voice in the
che;re of legislators, by whose lawt that stake is to be pro-
tected, as another mart whO has life, and liberty, and la-
bour, and a hundrest thousand pounds in his pockete'.l..--
(Loud eheect) In the comparison with the three first
artic'en in the catalogne, which are crttn-fon to all inen,
and which are the means to the acquisition of the rest,
the last is of trifling moneent. In the small dust of the
balance,—art atteietent of existence,—of artificial hot of na-
tural impotl'ance, which, when weighed Lgainst the solid
gifts 'of nature to her common 611 spring, will kick the
bean). Will it be said that the expression of opinions
like these can ponsit'Sy embarrass Ministers. Let us hear
what one of their own number sa'd last week. I allude
to Mr. !Seffrey, the Lord Advocate of Seotlancl. On his
dection for the Cupar district r f b`dighs, he said—" To
attain human 'reprint:es en't! security there must be a law
and a Govetnurete, to which private judgment must
bend,—(llsetti-.) No freeman will bend willingly to
a law irk the making of which he has no voice.—(Cheets.)
'rise foundation of a free Government, therefore, is, that
those whose duty it is to obey the law should have a voice
in the making of the leW—(Applause)—and the time is
past when a stlittne of representation which does not
fulfil thin essential requisite will be tolerated." Gentle-
men, here is no cant about property and rental as means
of securing a proper choice of representatives. The Lord
Advocate declares broadly, that all whose dirty it is to
obey the law shall have a voice in making the law ; and
the doctrine is so obviously vonsietent with reason and
policy, that I trust it will he supported by all his col-
leagues in the Ministry. Lord Grey has, however, expressed
himself onfaeourable to tlris doctrine. He recently told
it that we mistook our right, and that our right was to
good government, and not to universal suffrage. In a
letter to Major Cartwright in 1791., he said the same
thing, and I will quote from that letter in preference to
quoting- from an tinatithorised newspaper report. his
Lordship says," A considerable part of the dispute seems
to me to tarn upon a misrepresentation of the rights of
inen. Nobody holds those rights, which it is now so
notch the fashion to speak of the mockery and reproach,
higher than I do ; but they do not consist in universal
representation, or in any particular mode of government.
Government being formed for the protection and security
of thole rights, wbether it be universal, or a more limited
system of representation, is that to which the people
have a right." His Lordship acknowledges the right to
a good Government, but his argument goes the length
of a justification of any mode of government if
the Government itself be good. Now, gentlemen, I con-
tend that we have not only a right to a good Government,
but a right to a Government such as we wish to have,
When the question is put, " What is a good Government,"
the decision falls on the people. It is not for the Legisla-
ture, or for any part of the Legislature, to say, " This
is a good Government, and you must be satisfied with it,"
any more than it is for it to say to an individual, " This
woman will snake a good wife, ang you must take her for
better or worse."---(Loud laughter.) The nation and the
individual will please themselves. They will say it is our
right and we will have it.—(Loud and long-continued
cheering.) In short, a good Government must emanate
front the governed. There must be a close identity of in•
terests between the Government and the people. Dlr. Pren-
tice then sat down amidst loud cheering.
The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr. H. Greg,
Mr. T. Hopkins, Mr. M. Philips, (a relation of Sir
George's) Mr. A. Kay, Mr. J. C. Dyer, Mr. T. Potter,
and other gentlemen.
The resolutions, which are subjoined with the petitions
to both Houses of Parliament founded thereon, were passed
without a dissenting voice, and followed in each instance
by three hearty cheers. The petition to the House of
Commons is to be intrusted to Lord Althorp, and that to
the House of Lords to Lord Holland. The proceedings
commenced at half.past ten in the morning, and conti-
nued till half-past four in the afternoon, exactly six hours.
Throughout the whole of the interesting business, the ut-
most order and propriety were maintained, and at the close
of the meeting nine tremendous cheers were given.

REFORM.—A few days ago a meeting for
Parliamentary Reform was held at Hucknall-under-Huth-
waite, near Mansfield. The petition (which is an ably-
worded one, and strongly urges vote by ballot), as well as
the resolutions, were unanimously carried.

The meeting which was to have taken place at
St. Andrew's, Holborn, yesterday morning, to petition
Parliament for an effectual Reform, and retrenchment of
the public expenditure, stands adjourned till Tuesday next.

On Monday last a meeting was held at the
Town-hall, Cambridge, for the purpose of petitioning the
Legislature for a Reform in Parliament. It was numer-
ously attended. The Mayor (B. CorroN, Esq.) was
called to the Chair. Resolutions to the above effect having
been put and agreed to, the meeting was dissolved by
giving three cheers to the Chairman for his conduct on
the occasion.

A petition to Parliament is preparing in the
borough of Ludlow ; first expressing gratitude to his MA-
JESTY and to the Ministers of the Crown for their patriotic
declaration in favour of Reform ; then praying an exten-
sion of the election franchise to householders, copyholders,
and leaseholders, with vote by ballot ; and also that the
large towns and populous districts of the country may be
represented in lieu of the decayed boroughs.—Hereford
Journal.

Earl SomEßs having applied to Lord MEL-
BOURNE (Secretary of State fur the Home Department),
requesting to be informed whether special constables are
exempt from serving in the Militia, his Lordship has re-
plied as follows :—" I have the honour to acknowledge
the receipt of your Lordship's letter of the 13th inst., and
to inform you that, by the 42d George 111., c. 90,
special constables are exempt from liability to serve in
thu militia, whilst they remain constables."

We are informed that the plan of Reform
which the Ministers intend to lay before Parliament is
something like the following :—All the boroughs which
do not contain 300 electors, or which do not contain a
population sufficiently large to extend the suffrage to that
number of voters, are to be disfranchised, and the right of
returning Members to be transferred to an equal numb r of
large towns at present unrepresented. It is calculated
that there are only thirteen boroughs which, ❑nder this
' plan, will lose their right of election, and, consequently,
there are only thirteen unrepresented towns to which the
privilege of returning Members will be granted. Amongst
these, it is said, Brighton will be included. Whether this
plan of Reform is to extend to Scotland and Ireland we
have not heard, but we should imagine (if indeed it be in-
tended to act upon it at all) that it will be confined to
Englaad...Morning Heroic/.

POREIGN INTtLIAGttitE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Messager des Clicaiibro of Jan. 13 )

PA RIS, JAN. 18.—The news of th`n., (kali of Don
Miguel is not confirmed tt'! VYti i y our correspondence. We
may now placc.: this report among the fables which those
nit'a are the most grieved at the unhappy state of things
Portugal arc but too ready to listen
TouLoN, JAN 19.==-.11 that a ministerial
despateb e';'ne'r..:c.a the formation of several camps, viz.,
--one of 20,000 men at the Bridge of Var ; one of nO,OOO
men at the frontiers of Switzerland ; one of 150,,Nt)Ine'n
on the Rhine, and one of .60,04)0 Men t`leh`c the Pyrenees.
This cisculal' p'rel-cribes gate inebhtres relative to this sub-
jea. it is skid the i 8 th Regiment, in garrison at
ToUlo'n, is 'to go lto Colmar.
It i?t sii•ongly reported (says :Le S,vectritttr‘, that a
camp of 12,000 or 15,000 min oe formed in the
spring near Dijon ; -troops will he stationed between
that and Pet'Ancon ; and that search has been made in the
archives for the plan of a camp which, s..ra.s fornerl'? c: eta-
pied by the reserve of the first ivrnly Italy.
M. Goristima, thz. tiii'llster of Mexico, has just arrived
14 Park'', to'23nclude and sign a treaty between France and
Mexico. He is expected next month at London, to sign
divers treaties between Mexico, Prussia. an 4 the Ranstatic
cities.

WA Ft/Al', J. —ite fkitknifesto voted by the two
Charnhef.,. and ritivi)i tip by the Commission, was adopted
by h. major;ty of 14. to I. The concluding phrases will
sutee to give an idea of the energy which thittintqishes
" Persuaded that our libert)7 our independence, as
they have been to other nations, that, on the con -
tra,ny, th 4 produced a political equilibrium, and formed a
rampart for the people of Europe, which may be pecu-
liarly useful to them at this moment, we appear before the
Powers and the people with the convf.ction that policy and
humanity will equally t!etdtre for the defence of our sacred
cause; And even ir in this struggle, the dangers of Which
we d 6 not dissemble, we should haVe to combat alone for
all the others, full of courage in the sacredness of our
cause, in our courage, and the support of the Almighty,
we shall combat for liherty to our latest breath. And if
Providr.:lte in its wisdom has decreed that this land shall
be for ever enslaved,—if the liberty of Poland, in this lit,t;t
effort, falls under the ruins of its cities, and the dead bodies
of its defenders, our seem`- wi:l reign over one desert more,
and the Ins-al rtite will die with the consolation that if
Ilettri has not granted him the happiness to save his
country and its liberty, he has at least, by this mortal
struggle, placed in safety, for a time, the liberties of other
nations who are threatened."

It is said, that if an answer does not come from Peters-
burgh to-day, at the farthest, the Dictator is determined
to consider this delay as a declaration of war. The head-
quarters are already preparing to advance.
Russian officers and soldiers come daily to join us.
The cholera inorbus threatens the whole Russian army.
A division of cavalry has spread the disease among the
soldiers at Schewniserz.

Paws, JAN. 13.—Yesterday the King presided at a
Council of Minitters, after which his Majesty went for an
airing to Neuilly.
(From Le Temps.)

The British Government, it is said, are about to reduce
the duties upon French brandies, but at the same time to
augment those upon Russian produce.
WARSAW, JAN. 6.—The sub4cription for the citizens
who cannot afford to equip themselves, exceeds already
60,000 florins. Twenty-six Jewish families have sub-
scribed 28,405 florins. Princess Alexandria Sapietra
made another donation of 60,000 florins, and informed the
Committee that she was ready to sacrifice her whole for-
tune if circumstances should require it.
The street called Napoleon has resumed its name.
. .

I'rince A Czartorinski subscribed 50,000 florins; Con-
stantine Swidzinski, 6,000 ; M. Piodo►ski, 10,000; and
Count Potocki, 6,000.

(From the National of Wednesday.)

The Dictator of Poland is a singular man ; he takes
pleasure in reading the papers left by the Russian Go-
vernor, and having discovered among them a list of spies
hired by Russia, to compromise the real patriots and the
most honourable families of Poland, he orders it to be
printed ! We are more prudent in France. We are un-
willing to compromise toe spies ; such is our respect for
les existences. Had the names of the spies been made pub-
lic at every change of party or Government since the Re-
volution of 1789, it would be impossible to meet with any
who would not be known.

It is said that the whole Russian army is threatened
with cholera morbis. A division of cavalry had arrived
at Schitomicrz, with orders to cross the Dnieper on seve-
ral points, and to enter Poland. On its way the cholera
morbus having manifested itself among the men, the Com-
mandereof the division thought proper to halt and place
his soldiers in quarantine.
The Administration of the Port of Brest is now freight-
ing a vessel destined to convey to Havre twelve large
howitzers (80 pounders), which are to be placed on the
.fortifications of Paris.

(From the Courrier Francais of Tuesday.)
The Bey of Oran having to contend with the troops of
Morocco, which were advancing towards his territory,
called on General Clausel for assistance. The General
sent him two regiments, which will garrison the town,
whilst the Bey is engaged against his enemies.