The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-24 00:00:00

PaTDAY EVONIIkTGI AUGUST 94,_

DEATH OF MEHEMET ALI

ALEXANDRIA, AUG. 9.—111 s highness Mehemet Ali
Peelle died at Alexandria on the 2d inst., and on the tol-
lowing day his body was taken up to Cairo, where he m as
I buried on the 4th, in the new alabaster mosque built by
himself in the citadel.
The procession from the palace at Ras•eleteen to the
canal was attended by a great concourse of people, the
European Consuls ie uniform, with many of the
European residents, and a great number of troops with
arms reversed. On emerging from the palace the coffin
was laid at the foot of the grand marble staircase, the
attendants gathered round, and the chief mufti, a vener-
able old man, advanced, raised his hands amidst pro-
found silence, repeated three times, with a pause fur
mental reflection between each, "Allah hoe (War" (God
is great) ; after which he twice repeated " Sulam aley
howl" (Peace be with you); and then the procession
started, the principal officers and grandees emulating
each other for the honour of carrying the coffin on :heir
shoulders. On passing the harem, a separate building a
little to the north of the palace, the shrieks and lamenta-
tions of the women were most piercing. Twenty-six
buffaloes were kill« d and distributed among the poor,
with 26 camel loads of bread and dates, and a consider-
able sum of money.
At Cairo there was no ceremony attending the con-
veyance c.f the Pasha's body from the Nile to the final
resting-place, and even Abbas Pasha, the present
Viceroy, joined the funeral only at the mosque.
Mehemet Ali's first severe illness occurred in Ja-
nuary, 1848, when he proceeded to Malta and Naples,
where having rallied a little he returned to Egypt in
April, improved in bodily health, but with his constitu-
tion shattered and his mental faculties totally pros-
trated. His appearance had undergone a complete
change; his eyes had lost that searching and intelli-
gent
look for which his Highness was so remarkable;
his cheeks were shrunk and his voice was quite feeble.
His medical men having then declared his total unfit-
ness to attend to the affairs of the country, the late
Ibrahim Pasha assumed the reins of government, and
at his death was succeeded by Abbas Pasha.
From that time until within a few weeks of his death
Mehemet Ali took his daily drive in his carriage, and
lived in his palace in the same style he was wont to
do, but none but his immediate attendants were per-
mitted to approach him. He is sincerely regretted
both by the European residents and the natives of Egypt.
Mehemet Ali was born in the town of Cavalla, in
Roumelia, the ancient Macedonia. In Mahommedan
countries the natives keep no reckoning of their age, and
the Pasha could not tell precisely what his own was, but
he was easily flattered into the belief that he was born in
the same year that gave birth to the two most illustrious
heroes of th© present era—Napoleon Bonaparte and the
Duke of Wellington-1769, thus making him at his death
of the ago of 80 years, which may bo considered correct
within a year or two.
Mehemet Ali first commenced life as a tobacconist in
his native town, but he afterwards volunteered into the
army, to which his taste was more congenial. In his
new career he soon obtained high favour with the
Governor of Cavalla by his efficient assistance in quell-
ing a rebellion and dispersing a band of pirates, and on
the death of his commanding officer he was appointed
to succeed him, and married his widow.
In 1799 the town of Cavalla having been called upon
by the Sultan to provide its contingent of 300 men for
the expulsion of the French from Egypt, the governor
sent the required number, headed by his son, with Me-
hemet Ali under his orders; but shortly after landing at
Aboukir the son returned to Roumelia and left Mehemet
Ali in command. In all the engagements with the
French Mehemet Ali distinguished himself by his con-
duct and valour. He rapidly rose in rank, and his lofty
spirit gained him a strong ascendancy over the minds of
his soldiers.

After the evacuation of Egypt by tho French in Sep•
tember, 1801, the Sultan appointed Mohammed Khoe-
rew Viceroy of Egypt, who has since been several times
Prime Minister at Constantinople, and between whom
and Mehemet Ali there always existed an inveterate
hatred.

The Mamelukes were at that time actively engaged in
endeavouring to recover their ascendancy, which had
been overthrown by the French, and the two principal
Mameluke Beys, Osman Bardissy and Mohammed Dry,
came to an engagement with the Turkish army and de-
feated it. Mehemet Ali, with his troop of Albanians,
was under the orders of Khoorshid Pasha, but, for some
reason or other, took no part in the battle. The Turkish
General irritated at his defeat, complained of Mehemet
Ali to Khosrew, who summoned him to his presence;
he refused to attend, and took advantage of an insurrec-
tion which then occurred among the Albanian troops to
join the Mamelukes under Osman Bardissy. In 1803 he
attacked Khosrew at Damietta, and brought him pri-
soner to Cairo. The Porte then sent to Egypt Ali
Gezairli Pasha to replace Khosrew Pasha, but he was
still less fortunate than his predecessor, for he was put
to death by the Mamelukes soon after his arrival.
Iu 1804 the army, under the Mameluke Bardissy,
became clamorous for its arrears of pay, an insurrection
ensued, the Bey's house was attacked by the infuriated
soldiers, and he had to make a hasty retreat from
Cairo. Mehemet Ali, strengthened in the affections of
the troops, had clandestinely fostered this insurrection,
but, not thinking his time yet come, he sent Khosrew,
his prisoner, back to Constantinople, and judiciously ap-
pointed Khoorshid Pasha, then Governor of Alexandria,
Viceroy of Egypt.
The position of the new Viceroy was very embarrass-
ing, as the Albanians and his own troops still persisted
in their demands for pay, which it ,was entirely out of
his power to satisfy. A new and formidable insurrec-
tion broke out, and lihoorshid's soldiers put Cairo to the
sack. The inhabitants of the town were in the utmost
alarm, they deposed Khoorshid Pacha, addressed them-
selves to Mehemet Ali for protection, and made him
Viveroy.
Mehemet Ali was installed in the Pashalic of Egypt
in 1806, on condition that he should send to the Sultan
4,000 purses, which represented at that time the sum of
about 240,0001. sterling. The Pashalic of Egypt was
then commonly called the Pashalic of Cairo, and it ex-
tended only to Middle Egypt and the Delta; Upper
Egypt bring divi led into several districts, administered
by the Mameluke Beys, and Alexandria, with a part of
the western province, by a Pasha independent of the
Pasha of Cairo. A few months after the installation cf
Mehemet Ali in the Pashalic of Egypt the Porte con-
sented to give him also the Pashalic of Alexandria as a
reward for the services he had rendered to the Ottoman
Empire in 1807, on the occasion of the evacuation of
Lower Egypt and the city of Alexandria by the English.
The first step Mehemet Ali took to secure his power
was to satisfy the demands of the troops. He repre-
sented to the inhabitants of Cairo that it was
at their request that he had assumed the com-
mand, and that, to avoid further disturbances,
the wants of the army should be satisfied. He therefore
levied contributions, which were readily paid, and he
appeased the soldiers, who thus became attached to his
person.
In 1808 Mehemet Ali received orders from the Porte
to attack and disperse the Wahabees, a fanatical sect of
the Mohammedan religion, who had pillaged the holy
cities of Mecca and Medina. Before engaging in this
war and drawing his troops out of Egypt, the Viceroy
determined upon putting a final end to the power of his
old allies, the Mamelukes; for although the two chiefs
were dead, there still remained a strong number who
had it in their power to annoy him. Accordingly, on
the Ist of March, 1811, the Mamelukes were invited in
a body to the citadel at Cairo to attend at the investi-
ture of the Viceroy's son Toussoon, as chief of the ex-
pedition against the Wahabees. When the ceremony
was over the Mamelukes mounted their horses, but on
reaching the citadel gates they found them closed, and a
sudden discharge of musketry, from soldiers placed on
the walls, completely annihilated them. A great many
Mamelukes were put to death at the samo time in the
provinces. It has been computed that 470, with
their chief, Ibrahim Bey, perished in the citadel ; and
in the city and throughout the country no less than 1,200
were killed. Thus ended the power of these formidable
chiefs, who had kept Egypt in a state of anarchy and
warfare ever since the year 1382.
After the destruction of the Mamelukes, Mehemet Ali
made himself master of Upper Egypt; he obtained from
the Sublime Porte the government of that part of the
country, and at the same time considerably increased
the land-tax and the duties of Customs on the internal
trade.

In the autumn of 1811 Mehemet Ali sent his army
into Arabia against the Wahabees. This war lasted six
years, cost the Viceroy immense sums of money and a
great number of men, and was finally brought to a close
by Ibrahim Pasha. In 1813 Mehemet Ali himself went
to the Hedjaa for a time to hasten the result of the ex-
pedition. During his absence, the Porte, jealous of his
power, secretly appointed Lateef Paella Viceroy of
Egypt, but Mohammed Bey, Mehemet Ali's Minister of
War, pretending to enter into the views of Lateef Pasha,
engaged him to declare himself publicly Viceroy of
Egypt, and then decapitated him.
In 1815 Mehemet Ali, convinced of the great advan-
tages of discipline and military tactics in the art of war-
fare, resolved upon having his army properly drilled,
but his soldiers were very averse to this measure, and
threatened an insurrection. He therefore sent his mu-
tinous troops into Ethiopia under his third son, Ishmael
Pasha, who, on that occasion, Conquered the provinces
of Dongola, Berber, Shendy, Sennear,
and Cordofan,
whilst he raised a new army, which was drilled by
French and Italian officers. He then offered the Sultan
to assist in quelling the Greek insurrection against the
Porte, and on the 16th of July, 1824, Mehemet Ali's
fleet, consisting of 163 vessels, sailed for the Morea,
under the command of Ibrahim Pasha, who for three
years kept the country in subjection, but was obliged to
retire after the battle of Navarino, on the 20th of Octo-
ber, 1827.
In 1830 the Porte conferred upon Mehemet All tte
administration of the island of Candia.
Mehemet Ali then turned his thoughts to obtaining
possession of Syria, and 6,000 Egyptians having emi-
grated to that country, he demanded the restitution of
them from Abdallah Pasha, then Governor of Acre.
The reply he obtained was, that the emigrants were
subjects of the Sublime Porte, and that they were in
the Sultan's dominions as well in Syria as in Egypt.
The Viceroy, enraged at this answer, sent him word
that he himself would come and take his 6,000 subjects
" and one man more. Accordingly, on the 2d of Nov.
1831, Mehemet Ali sent into Syria a powerful army,
under the command of his son, Ibrahim Pasha, who in
a few months reduced the whole country to submission.
On this the Porte declared Mehemet Ali a rebel, and
sent a strong army into Syria; but Ibrahim Pasha's
troops invariably overcame the Sultan's, and several
important battles were fought, which insured to the
Egyptians the possession of the country. The
European Powers interfered, and, under their
guarantee, peace was signed on the 14th of May,
1833, Syria and the district
.o. of Adana were ceded to
Mehemet Ali, in conjunction with the Pashalic of Egypt,
on his acknowledging himself a vassal of the Sultan, and
engaging to remit to the Porte the same tribute as the
former Pashas of Syria. According to this arrangement
laden* Ali paid for Egypt 12,000 purleo; Syria and

Adana 18,000 purses ; and Candia 2.000 purses ;
making together 32;000 purses', cr 160,0001. sterling
per annum.

M..‘beinet Ali continued in the quiet pesscs;ian of
Syria until 1839, but the• Porte disliked very much the
occupation of that country by the Viceroy of Egypt, so
that after organizing an briny end a strong fleet in the
beginning of 1839, the Sultan Mahruoud sent his troops
into Syria under the command of llafiz Pasha to expel
the Egyptian;; hut Ibrahim Pasha proved too powerful
for him, and the Turkish army had to retreat. England,
Austria, Russia, and Prussia, then, in conjunction with
the Porte, signed a treaty on the 15th of July, 1849, and
informed Mehemet Ali that he was no longer to remain
in Syria; but the Viceroy, confiding in the promised
assistance of the French, seemed determined to keep the
country.
England therefore sent a formal demand to the
Viceroy for the restitution of the Turkish fleet, which
had been brought into the port of Alexandria by the
treachery of the Turkish Admiral, but his Highness
gave evasive answers, and referred to the Sultan. In
the meantime he strained his utmost powers to increase
his army, and formed throughout Egypt the National
Guard, in which all the male inhabitants were made to
serve.

The allied powers, finding that the Viceroy would not
evacuate Syria by fair means, determined upon driving
him out by force. The first engagement took place on
the 10th of October, 1840, near Beyrout, w hen the Egyp-
tian army was completely routed and the town taken.
Caiffa and Saida were bombarded in the same month,
Tripoli and Tarsous soon followed, and on the 3d of No-
vember of the same year the bombardment and taking of
Acre in the short space of four hours must have con-
vinced Mehemet Ali that any further resistance was-
useless. The town of Alexandria was blockaded by an
English squadron ; still Mehemet Ali as not inclined
to submit, as he entertained hopes that France would
come to his aid, but in the end he found he could no
longer temporize, and acceded to the terms proposed,
the hereditary rashalic of Egypt in his own family being
secured to him.

It was during the period that the English were at-
tacking his troops in Syria and blockading Alexandria
that Mehemet Ali behaved so magnanimously towards
England by allowing the India mails to proceed as usual
through Egypt unmolested.
The withdrawal of the Egyptian troops from Syria
commenced in December, 1840, when 54,000 men and
6,000 women and children took the road of the Desert to
Suez; but what with sickness, desertion, privation, and
the opposition they encountered on their march,
not 25,000 reached Egypt. Ibrahim Pasha pro.
ceeded by sea from Gaza with the sick and
wounded, and landed at Damietta on the 21st of
February, 1841, whilst the remainder of the troops
marched by El Arish. Before the evacuation of
Syria, the Egyptian army consisted of 85,000 men ;
of these only 33,000 returned to their cguntry.: Ad-
miral Walker, belonging to the Turkish navy, in the
name of the Sultan took command of the Turkish fleet
in the port of Alexandria, and sailed for Constantinople
on the 11th of January, 1841. At the same time the
Egyptian troops were withdrawn from the island of
Candia, the Iledjaz, and the two holy cities, and these
countries were restored to the authority of the Sublime
Porte.

The firman sent by the Sultan to Mehemet Ali was
dated from Constantinople, the 13th of February, 1841,
and, after some modifications, was finally accepted by
Mehemet Ali on the 10th of June, 1841. The following
are the conditions on which Mehemet Ali was granted
the hereditary Pashalic of Egypt:-
1. The succession to the Government of Egypt within
its ancient boundaries to descend in a direct line in Me •
hemet Ali's male posterity, from the elder to the elder,
among the sons a❑d grandsons—the nomination to be
made by the Sublime Porte.
2. The Pasha of Egypt to rank as a Viaier of the
Ottoman Empire, withcut having in this character, with
the exception of hereditary right, any other prerogative
than those enjoyed by other viziers.
3. All treaties entered into between the Sublime
Porte and the European Powers are to apply to Egypt
as well as to any other part of the Ottoman Empire.
4. The Pasha has authority to coin his own money
in Egypt, but the coins are to bear the name of the
Sultan.

5. The standing army of Egypt is to be composed of
18,000 men, and 400 men are to be sent yearly to Con-
stantinople,
_

6. The Viceroy of Egypt bas the right to appoint.
officers of the land and sea forces up to the rank of
colonel and below that of general of brigade, but a
general of brigade being a Pasha, the Porte alone can
name Pashas.

7. The Viceroy of Egypt cannot build vessels of war
without authority from the Sublime Porte.
8. The yearly tribute payable by the Pasba of Egypt
to the Sublime Porte, fixed at 2,000,000 dolls., has since
been reduced to a million and a third of Spanish pillared
dollars, about 270,0001. sterling.
9. The hereditary title is liable to revocation should
any of Mehemet li's successors infringe any of the
aforesaid conditions.

The Sublime Porte also granted to Mehemet Ali,
without the hereditary succession, the Government of
the provinces of Nubia, Darfour, Sennaar, and Cordo-
fan, and all the territories annexed thereto, situate out of
Egypt.
The Pasha of Egypt differs from the other Pashas of
the Ottoman Empire in that the former collects the re-
venues himself, whilst the law of the empire is that
Pashas are not to collect the revenues.

Until last year Mehemet Ali enjoyed a very strong
constitution; his stature was short, and his features
formed an agreeable and animated physiognomy, with a
searching look, expressive of cunning, nobleness, and
amiability. He always stood very upright, and it was
remarkable, from its being unusual among Turks, that
he was in the habit of walking up and down in his apart-
ments. Ho was most simple in his dress and cleanly in
his person. He was very fond of playing at billiards,
chess, draughts, and cards. In his latter years he be-
came very merciful and humane, and generally forgave
the greatest faults.

The only language he spoke was Turkish; he under-
stood Arabic, but did not like to speak it. The late
Viceroy did not observe the tenets of the Mohammedan
religion with any rigour, and never cared about fasting
in the month of Ramazan. He showed the greatest
toleration for all religions, and for this, considering the
strong innate bigotry which prevails among Turks, he
deserves the greatest praise. lie was the first Moham-
medan ruler who granted real protection to Christians,
raised them to the highest ranks, and made some of
them his most intimate friends. His freedom from
superstition was as remarkable as his toleration in reli-
gion, and in many instances he shook off the yoke of
those absurd prejudices to which all thosu of his faith
humbly bow their beads.
Mehemet Ali's second son, after the late Ibrahim
Pasha, was Toussoun Pasha, born at Cavalla, Rho left.
an only son, Abbas Pasha, born in 1813, at present
Viceroy of Egypt. Toussoon Pasha died of the plague
at the camp of Damanhour in 1816.

CHEERING ACCOUNTS FROM
AUSTRALIA.
(From the Caledonian Mercury.)
We elsewhere insert some remarks from the Sydney
Morning Herald, the most influential journal in that
quarter, written under date of Gth April last, and an-
nouncing the cheering tidings of a revival of the com-
merce of this important colony. It will be seen that the
depression at home, aggravated, as it seems to be, by the
political convulsions in France, Germany, and Italy, in
due season reached the Australian colonies, the commerce
of which depends so much on the state of affairs at home.
The mistrust created by the storm that was raging over
Europe, and following close on the commercial crisis of
autumn 1843, soon caused a suspension in the demand for
the wool and other ample produce of the flocks of Austra-
lia, which became depreciated in the hands of the colo-
nists to a ruinous extent. In short, the enterprising colo-
nists, like their fellow subjects at home, found themselves
caught in the ebb tide, and have'ihad a hard struggle to
sustain their credit. Happily the intelligence from Europe
so far back as December 1848, the period to which the
writer in the Sydney Herald refers, had produced a fa-
vourable change in the colony. The prospect of a de-
mand in the European markets for the produce. of Aus-
tralia had restored the confidence and quickened the
energies of the colonists. Their hopes were further
elevated by the arrival of four vessels with emigrants to
the number of one thousand, while six other vessels
were reported on their passage for Sydney, exclusive of
the vessels destined for Southern Australia. To a coiony
which, according to the evidence of Mr. B. Boyd, one of
the most intelligent and influential of the colonial mer-
chants and proprietors, can annually absorb the labour
of 10,000 men in tending the natural accession to the
sheep and cattle, the importance of this emigration need
not be enlarged upon. But in addition to the pastoral
labour, which affords such a ready outlet to the emi-
grants, there are vast mineral resources which have been
discovered in South Australia, and which only require
time to be properly developed. But, in the meantime,
it is satisfactory to learn that the commerce of the colony
was, at the last accounts, steadily recovering from the
shock of the political convulsion in the old world, and,
ero this, we trust that the prospects have still further
brightened.

COURT CIRCULAR.
BALMORAL, AUG. 21.
Her Majesty and the Prince walked out in the grounds
of Balmoral this morning.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, attended
by Mr. Birch, rode out on horseback.
Sir James Clark has returned to Balmoral from Birk
Hall.
Dr. Robertson will join the Royal dinner party this
evening.

Sir George Grey has arrived at his seat, Falloden,
Alnwick, Northumberland, from Balmoral.
The Countess of Minto arrived in town on Wednes-
day night.
Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office from the Governors of Hong-Kong, Ceylon, West
Australia, and South Australia.

ROYAL ORTHOP:EDIC HosPITAL.—A half-yearly
general meeting of the governors and patrons of this
charity was held yesterday afternoon at the hospital,
Bloomsbury-square. The report of the committee ei?-
nounced that a gratifying increase had taken place in
the funds of the institution during the last year, bat still
the institution was quite inadequate to meet the nume-
rous applications for relief daily made to it. The out-
patients alone were increasing at the rate of 40 per
week ; that was, that 40 fresh applications were made
weekly, and the in-door accommodation had been greatly
extended. The total number of patients admitted during
the past half-year, up to the 22d instant, amounted to
765, being an increase of 24 over the previous half-year,
and making a total admitted since the opening of the
charity of 8,585. The repotrt was received and adopted
and the court separated.

180.

PROTECTION•
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUA.

Cis,—The Edinburgh Review has nailed this voca-
ble to its actual meaning, and, indeed, it is a point of
philology worth considering, even at the risk of being
tedious. To suppose that protection of poor People is
intended, would be a violent catachresis : as well
I might we say, that as respect is good, therefore " re-
spect or persons" is good also. To be respectful is
well, but not to " respect persons"—reflection is g )od,
but not to "throw reflections" on others. We are
desired to protect the waterfowl in St. James's Park,
but in a very different sense the Duke of Wellington
spoke of protecting pilots, by employing them in fine
weather. And, then, as to the Act for protection of
women, that masterpiece of legislativeness and states.
manlikeship—say rather, protection of Sophy Dawes,
by M. de Conde, and published letters from a Queen
of France, entreating to be protected by her in re-
turn. So Madame de Munoz, and the Countess de
Lansfeldt, under the protection of their respective
friends,
" Till the o'crstrung
Nations have arm'd in madness—the strange fate
Which tumbles mightiest sov'reigns, and hash flung
Against their blind omnipotence a weight
Within the opposing scale which crushes soon or late;
Such might have been Her destiny, but Bel—
Our hearts refute it; and so young, so fair,
Good without effort, great without a foe!"
Since we have rejected the principle of protection,
which, in fact, is a specious euphemism for corrup-
tion, how different is the scene which England offers!
The celebrated picture of national honour, in the
Henriade, would seem painted fcr Queen Victoria.
" Aux murs de Westminster on voit paraitre ensemble
Trois_pcuvoirs etonnes du r•ceud qui les rassemble—
Les deputes du peuple, et les grands, et le roi,
Divit4. d' inters!, Timis par la loi,
Tous trois membres sacri3 de Co corps invincible
langereux lui-rneme, I sea voisins terrible.
Heureux,) lorsque le peuple instrait de son devoir
Respects
autant qu'il doit to souverain pouvoir !
Plus hereux, lorequ' un roi doux, juste et politique
Respecte autant qu'il dcit la liberti publique!
Ah!' s'is..-ria Bourbon 4quand pourront les FranC *is
Voir d'un refine aussi beau fleurir les saintes loix?'
Quel example pour vous, monarques de la terre
Une Femme a fermi les pontes de la guerre
But to return from this metrical digression : the
inventor of protection in the strict modern accepta-
tion of the term—in its second intention—was Col-
bert, styled grand perhaps because he was too grand
to listen to laissez-faire and laissez-passer. When
Louis XIV. used to demur at some protective
duty in favour of a particular set of people, Colbert
made answer to his King, simply and seriously,
" They have paid so much." Colbert, as described by
the usual authorities, " had a low, dejected mien,
stern, gloomy, and morose :" and no wonder, for he
had many ladies as well as merchants under his pro-
tection.
The theory and practice are admirably described by
Le Sage, in " Gil Bias." The Count Duc de Lerme
protects colonial produce for the sake of his friend
and protege'. "Je vois, Monsieur Gil Bias, que vous
avez ete un peu picard :" but the Count Duke liked
him all the better for this gusto picaresco. In a
similar manner, Monsieur Git Bias protects Don
Raphael and the son of Seraphina (filius
Lerma died of coma vigil, and spectres. D'Oli-
varez, also protecting minister, also died of spectres
twenty years after. So perish Protection ! Respire
finenz !
Hear Lord Nugent in 1842 :—" I for one happen
to know, that when Canning paid his last never-to-
be-forgotten visit to Bath, where poor Lord Liver-
pool sought, but found not, a cure for the distraction
of his mind, he acknowledged to his friends he was
powerless without the people." Now, if the excellent
Liverpool had " protected " the Irish mear from
" competition," by; " exclusion " of land-jobbers and
removers of land-marks, or if he had stamped eject.
ments with a " duty amounting to prohibition," he
might have died full of years and honours. Class
legislation properly speaking is good—what is good
for one class is good for all.
"Aqui pauperibus prodest, locupletibus asquA:
.2Eque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit."
We protected (and paid tribute to) the sugar-
boilers in Mincing-lane against the slave-owners—
because Lord IL and his Titan sons had many
boroughs : these slave-owners we protected, paying
them tribute, against Portuguese who had done us no
harm, merely to keep up right of search and mare
elausurn.!:, Also we protected even our manufac-
tures against the same West Indians, and against the
Americans, whose independence Lord Grey ascribed
to our navigation-laws. These are not classes—this
not class-legislation—it is set-legislation, coterie, click
or clack and cabal,' caucus—O, Heavens !—Cacus-
legislation.
Then, one hears of " protecting the gold," as if
gold could ever want gentlemen to elope with ; and
here let me observe it would be well if vices of cor-
porate bodies were no more than aggregate vices of
individuals, for if so the tendency in all human
affairs to oligarchy would be less fatal. The Bank,
however, protects the gold. Ladies and children are
taken down into the vaults with candlesticks of a
particular make, as if to see Pluto himself. But is
this "the immovable anchor in:secretest and serenest
depths of ocean to which the weal of England
is,. moored ?"—ls this the roof-tree of British
Empire ? What is it but corpus delicti
of the most gigantic fraud ever known to be
attempted ? Riches have wings. All this gold
flew of to buy Lousyana scrip for Sydney Smith and
others. All this gold is managed "according to a
variety of indications—sometimes by the individual
opinions of directors," possibly bankrupt, " and by
the bills drawn by persons connected with—the corn
trade." 'Wheel within wheel ! Mr. Tooke, a person
of more tact than candour, decided that the oozing
" of gold does not depend on any excess of circula-
tion, but on some casual payments which mustbe made
in metals." So are we governed by epithets; such
are our casual payments—l'impromptu fait a loisir.
Henri IV. made a vcru that every peasant might have
" la poule au pot les dimanches."
Vive Henri Qua-atre
Ce roi vaillant
Ce vert galant !
Alert a Goderique ! He gave every poor man a
bit of gold in his pocket, and shuffled the penile into
his own pot !—I have the honour, &c.,
11. C. ARGENT.

VISIT of the COUNT and COUNTESS of
NE DILLY (late KING and QUEEN of the
_FRENCH) to the LORD MAYOR.

Yesterday the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor and the
Lady Mayoress were honoured with a visit from the
Count and Countess de Neuilly at the Mansion-house.
At the request of Louis Philippe the reception was as
private as it could have been made under the circum-
stances; but notwithstanding the peremptory orders
of the Chief Magistrate, it soon became known in the
vicinity of his Lordship's residence that the illustrious
strangers were his guests.
In order to give the late King and Queen of the
French some idea of the magnificent room in which
the hospitality of the Lord Mayor of London is prin-
cipally displayed, his Lordship caused the Egyptian-
hall to be decorated, the Mansion-house plate to be
exhibited, and the tables to be laid out in the style of
splendour to which they have been accustomed during
the present mayoralty. The drawing-room and the
lofty corridor were prepared for the reception of the '
illustrious guests with equal care, and in the long
parlour a dejedner el la fourchette was laid, consisting
of every delicacy of the season, and of wines of the
finest quality.
Louis Philippe having intimated by letter to the
Lord Mayor that he would drive down to the Man.
sion-house at half-past two o'clock, his Lordship in-
vited the following distinguished persons to meet their
late Majesties:—

The Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Bank
of England, the Chairman of the East India Company,
the Deputy-Chairman of the East India Company,
the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Mr. Masterman,
M.P., and Miss Masterman, Mr. Hume, M.P., Mr.
Samuel Gurney, Mr. H. C. Hoare and family, Mr.
Cubitt, M.P., Mr. C. Pearson, M.P., Aldermen Sir
G. Carroll, Gibbs, Musgrove, Challis, Moon, and
Lawrence ; Mr. Sheriff Goodhart, Mr. Sheriff Elect
Nicoll, Mr. Hill, the Lord Mayor's chaplain, and
Mrs. Cattley, Sir E. N. Buxton, M.P. Mr. Master-
man, jun., Mr. Henry and Miss Brandling, and Mr.
John Laurie, &c.
At the appointed time the Count and Countess de
Neuilly, accompanied by the Duchesse d'Orleans, the
Comte de Paris, and the Comte de Chartres, and
attended by the Duchesse de Marisier, the Marquise
de Vins, General the Comte de Chabannes, General
the Comte de Dumas, and Colonel the Comte de
Montguyon, arrived at the private door of the Lord
sion-house, where they were received by
Mayor and the Lady Mayoress, amidst the cheers of
a multitude who had assembled in
The n Charlotte-row to
welcome the venerable Louis Philippe.
sword-
bearer, the mace-bearer, and. the marshal, attended in
t t d
their state dresses, and the illustrious gues s en ere
building the bui apparently delighted by the earnest
warmth of their reception.
The Count and Countess de Neuillvl after having
visited the justice-room in which the magisterial
duties of the Mayoralty are performed, entered the
Egyptian-hall, from which the light of day had been
almost excluded, for the purpose of displaying with
greater effect the skill with which the gas is intro-
duced into that noble building. They expressed the
highest admiration of the magical power with which
his Lordship, by a motion of his hand, turned the
darkness into the most brilliant light, and placed before
their eyes the magnificent ornaments of the hall of the
Mayor of London.

At three o'clock it was announced that the dyeinter
was ready, and the Lord Mayor conducted the
Countess de Neuilly (preceded by the sword-bearer
and the mace-bearer) into the long parlour, followed
by the Count de Neuilly, who conducted the Lady
Mayoress, and the Lord Provost of gdinburgb, who
conducted the Duchess d'Qrleane,