The Sun.
London, England, 1831-11-23 00:00:00

(From the Journal des Debuts.)

ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT, SEPT. 26.—The cholera has
nearly disappeared from Cairo and here. No more new
cases are spoken of. The Chamilly and Consulates, which
have been shut up since the 22d of August, were re-opened
on the 23d of September, and the Europeans are return-
ing to business. It is affirmed that 30,000 persons have
died at Cairo. The army and navy have also considerably
suffered.

WARSAW, Nov. '7.—Prince Adam of Wurtemberg has
left for Wengrow.
In the course of the week the last regiment of the Im-
perial Guards will leave the capital, and will be replaced
by the troops of the line.
Putts, Nov. 21.—Yesterday Lord Granville, Aufi
bassador from England, Lord Durham, Lady Hamilton,
Lord and Lady Acton, Lord Risers, and S.r Henry Mal-
colm, had the honour to dine with Lis Majesty.
VALENCIENNES, Nov. 19.—The whole of the army of
the north are in march to take up their quarters in the
villages.
BERLIN, Nov. 13.—The fair at Frankfurt on the Odor
has been very brilliant ; a great number of Poles have vi-
sited it. The troops of the reserve are being sent home ;
the cause is said to he that the Government are in want
of money.
MANTUA, Nov. 6.—Great military preparations are
making here; fourteen thousand Croates are arrived at
Lodi. The army of Italy is at present computed at one
hundred and fifty thousand men.
The Moniteur contains several decrees of promotions
among the officers of the hundred days.
A letter from Brest, of Nov. 17, states, that there is a
report that the expedition of Don Pedro against Lisbon has
been stopped, and that they are to rendezvous at Quiberon.
A Ministerial despatch orders to be got ready two sail of
the line and three frigates, with several other vessels, to
take on board twelve thousand troops for Algiers, to re-
place six thousand men there.
The French Three per Cents. on Monday were 69f. 50c.

Our readers will find in another part of our
Paper a report of a hole-and-corner meeting
which took place on Monday at Liverpool, for
the purpose of assuring his MAJESTY that popular
commotions and contempt of the laws were on
the increase ; and that the Established Church
and the Monarchy itself were in jeopardy. Such
was the ostensible purpose of the meeting ; its
real one was to; endeavour to oppose the spirit
of Reform now so universally prevalent. Mr.
GLADSTONE had the honour to move the ad-
dress, in which among other felicitous remarks it
was stated that thd Peers had " ever" been the
conservators of the Constitution. A gentleman
objected to the word " ever" as being historically
incorrect, on which a Mr. ToBIN, who is evi-
dently a master of the niceties of the English
language, moved, by way of amendment, that for
" ever" should be substituted " always." After
some further brilliant effusions in the way of
oratory, the original address was carried, and the
Anti-Reformers went on their way rejoicing.
The meeting was attended by not less than fifty
persons, which, considering the population of
Liverpool, is really an alarming number. But
probably all Lancashire was ransacked for them.

The importance of doing much more than has
hitherto been accomplished in the way of the
instruction of the people, is a matter which we
have frequently taken occasion to impress upon
those to whom it belongs to commence and
forward such a system of instruction. What
the industrious classes above all things stand in
need of, is a supply of such works as are able
to impart to them sound principles of political
and moral science, to acquaint them with their
rights as well as their duties, and to inculcate a
respect for the institutions' of property, and a
desire for the maintenance of order and the pre.
servation of peace. Publications to such an
end are, perhaps, the most useful of all that now

issue from the Press, especially if written in that
plain and familiar manner which is so essentially
necessary to be used towards those whose minds
are in a state different front that of the writer
who addresses them.

The last number of the Working Man's
Companion, published under the superin-
tendence of the Useful Knowledge Society, is
on the Rights of Industry, and is addressed to
the working men of the United Kingdom. It
matches extremelywell with the Cottage Evenings,
and The Results of Machinery, lately brought
out by the same Society, and contains a mass of
facts and illustrations which, if properly studied,
cannot fail of being of great service to the working,
as well as to the other classes of society. The
nature of capital and labour is what is chiefly
explained in this little treatise, and, upon the
whole, it is done in a manner not unsuited
to the capacity of the people, and so as
to verify Madame DE STAEL's remark, that
"in the highest questions there is always
a point of view in which they may be pre-
sented to all the world." It is, in fact, now
well understood that the branch of the Useful
Knowledge Society's publications, which is the
most readable, is of the Entertaining Know-
ledge—the Department of Useful Knowledge,
as it is called, being ill most instances, such as

those of the Lives of NEWTON and KEPLER,
wholly unintelligible to unscientific apprehen-
sions, and, of course, perfect Hebrew to the

working orders.
It appears to us that the writer of the treatise
has spoken with a want of fairness and liberality
of Mr. HODGSKIN'S Lectures on Political
Economy, and that Mr. HODGSKIN is used
somewhat scurvily, because his doctrines are
deemed democratic and levelling. We disap-
prove of the imputation of presumption and
want of candour to a political writer, whose
object differs but little from, though his conclu-
sions are no less aristocratic than, the treatises of
the Society. But we are loath to find fault with
the conservative spirit which pervades a work
emanating from a Society to which most of his
MAJESTY'S Ministers are proud to belong,
and happy to lend the influence of their names
to an association so philanthropic, and so emi-
nently calculated for the advancement of human
happiness. The following extracts from the
treatise will be a sufficient recommendation to
it, and the concluding passages relating to the
Bristol riot's are, at the present moment, not less
forcible than well-timed :
" When the Rights of Industry' work healthfully for
the benefit of all, they go forward to bestow upon all the
blessings of cheap production, and, consequently, to ren-
der it more easy for all to accumulate. Labour then
works with skill; capital works with integrity. We
have proud evidence of the skill and integrity of our
country now before us. M. Say, a French writer, says
that he once asked an English workman, in France, why
he took so much pains to render his work perfect ; and he
answered that he could not work less skilfully and care-
fully, even if he were to try. Mr. Cooper, an American
writer, says, Punctuality and fair dealing increase de-
mand more than can be suspected. In Philadelphia or
New York, a merchant importer can sell a bile of British
goods by the invoice. The purchaser looks no farther,
but depends, with implicit confidence, on the invoice de-
scription of quality and quantity. No purchaser will buy
a bale of French goods without examining every article.'
Why is it that the English artificer is a more skilful la-
bourer, and the English merchant a more honest dealer,
than the workman or the merchant of other countries?
Because they have been educated better in the particular
knowledge of their real interests as producers. But we
have all a great deal yet to do in the business of general
education ; and especially in all that relates to the effects
of the industry of mankind upon their happiness. Let us
hear what may be said upon this subject :
" Education universally extended throughout the com-
munity will tend to disabuse the working class of people,
in respect of a notion that has crept into the minds of our
mechanics, and is gradually prevailing, that manual labour
is the only source of wealth ; that it is at present very
inadequately rewarded, owing to combinations of the rich
against the poor ; that mere mental labour is compara-
tively worthless ; that property or wealth ought not
to be accumulated or transmitted ; that to take interest
on money lent, or profit on capital employed, is unjust.
These are notions that tend strongly toward an equal divi-
sion of !property, and the right of the poor to plunder
the rich. The mistaken and ignorant people who enter-
tain these fallacies as truths, will learn, when they have
the opportunity of learning, that the institution of political
society originated in the protection of property, and this
has ever continued to be its main end and designs ; that
equality to-day would be inequality to-morrow ; that
labour is, of itself, nearly useless, and can never be brought
into action but by means of wealth or capital ; that the
rich are as necessary to the poor as the poor are to the
rich ; and that there is no injustice in giving Raphael a
little higher wages per day, than his colour-grinder re-
ceived, or a better recompense to Canova, than to the man
who quarried the marble. :lames Watt and Robert Fulton
were worth more to eaciety than five hundred thousand
hedger or ditchers. If the mechanics should seriously
continue to press such silly notions, they will justly make
enemies of those who would otherwise be their reasonable
friends : and they are much mistaken if they suppose the
weat.ol will not find the means as well as the inclination
to defend their property against the attacks of ignorance
and injustice. All that a good Government can do, is to
give to every man an equal chance of acquiring useful
knowledge ; to lighten as much as possible the burdens of
taxation in favour of the poor, to grant no artificial pri-
vileges to the rich, and to throw no impediment in
the way of industry or talent. But nature has or-
dained great permanent differences as to the strength of
body and strength of mind, such as no human institu-
tions can hope to equalize. Circumstances around us,
furnishing the motives and stimuli to action or to indo-
lence, to useful and useless pursuits, to profitable or un-
profitable industry and occupation, and even the mere
chapter of accident, create still more numerous differences,
over which society has no controul. Who would labour
for the benefit of those with whom he has no connection ?
What stimulus would there be to industry and frugality, if
a man were deprived of the right of bequeathing his earn-
ings and his savings to his family? What regulation of
wages can there be in practice, but the voluntary contract
of the hirer and the hired ? Nature, and the unavoidable
circumstances of society, have created inequalities that
are also unavoidable. Each of us in our station, there-
fore, must submit patiently to that which cannot be
avoided ; nor would time poor be benefited by obtaining full
command over the wealth of the rich, for the same (Far-
rels would ensue about the distribution of wealth the week
after, that would take place at the hour of successful
plunder.'

" When the ignorance of great masses of people is
manifested by the light of a burning city, the records of
that ignorance remain, in ruins which attest the hideous
force of lawless violence. If the restraints of order ary
again set up, the ruins are cleared away ; and, slowle
perhaps, but certainly, capital again ventures forth to re-
pair the destruction which a contempt of its rights had
produced. But let the spirit of violence long continue to
exist in sullen contests with the laws, or in causeless
Jealousy of the possessors of property, and the spirit of
decay is established. Then begins a silent but certain career
of destruction, more sweeping and wide-spreading than
all the havoc that civil war upon the most fearful

+ Cooper's Lectures on the Elements of roliticol Leollomb
24:1 Edition ; Colombia, Ikt3l.