The Sun.
London, England, 1849-04-26 00:00:00

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LONDON) THURSDAY sp„, ta4 littj
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TO THE ELECTORS OF SHEFFIELD
GENTLEInEN,The invitation that you have been so kind as
to send to me, requesting me to become a candidate for your suff-
rages at the coming Election, I at once accept —thanking you most
sincerely for this signal and unexpected mark of your esteem and ap-
probation.
I say aprobation, because I thus construe your Invitation. Of
ray political life you have taken mote—and noting, have approved.
You say that my past actions have been such as to win your confi-
dence. 'To those acts I must refer you, as the best mid most corn-
piete evidence of my pAitical o,dnions. Eighteen years ago, when
for the first time i was about to solicit the suffrages of my country-
men, In thehepe that they would place me in the proud position of a
representative of the people, I stated at some length the -principles
which would guide my conduct upon all the great questions of policy
which then occupied the attention of the nation. 'l'o that statement
I could now refer, and for the same purpose : I could refer to it, not
only as an exposition .o 1 my private opinious, but as a test by which
is try the con3lsteney "of my performance and my preleistons. The
experience of many years has, I hope, made me wiser, and taugLt
me the mode most conducive to the practical application of the prin-
ciples which I profess—but from the principles themselves I have act
departed.
The years that have elapsed since 1632 have indeed settled very
few of the questions which at that period interested and divided tLe
wisele people. We have advanced—and are advancing—but at every.
step the contest of opfnlons Is renewe 1, and we have almost every
day to re-state the arguments by which each separate victory has
been obtained.
On the great and leading questions of constitutional reform,
though much has been dose,•lntich remains to be accomplished.
The many anomalies of our electoral system have yet to be removed
—a fuller scope mast be given to 'the popular will —and numerous
/ lasses who arc now unwisely excluded must be brought within the
pale of the Constitution. Every statesman who really desires here-
after to provide for the well-being of the people will seriously con-
sider the question of the suffrage, in order to bring about speedily,
though cautiously, a la-ge extension of it.

My opinion as to the best mode 01 taking the votes at elections I
have sten no reason to change. In order that opinion may be
freely expressed, the ballot seems to me absolutely indispensable.
In shott, though the Reform Act was a great step in advance,
still the Increasing intelligence of the country demands, and will in
its proper time attain, a reform of the Reform Act.
Although we cannot hope to win and retain complete good govern-
ment itself without perfection in the means, yet we must not post-
pone all other reforms until those of the Constitution are attained.
Oar endeavours may at the same tiine be directed to many objects,
and I therefore proceed to touch upon some which appear at the
prGsext moment of the highest importance
Though, in my opinion, a Government cannot do much directly to
procure wealth and comfort for a pecyle, it can, and unfortunately
does, do much improperly to diminish their substance, and thereby
their comfort. Unnecessary exp!nse—unmeaning, mischievous re-

strictlons upon the industrious labours of the people, have i; all
ages been the vice of Governments. But the vigilance of the popu-
lar leaders must now be directed to curb this evil—not only must we,
then, Warne a rigid economy, but we must require that a perfectly
free trade should give fall scope for the active energies of an indus-
trious nation. .

Connected with this subject in many ways, and with the well-
being of mankind in many more, is the great subject of colonization.
The colonies of England leave been planted in spite of the mischie-
vous interference, and not by the aid of the Government of England.
!t is high time that the intelligence of herpeople should act upon our
rulers, and make them directly useful in extending our name, our
language, our institutions, and the blessings of an enlightened religion,
over the vast regions which nominally own our rule, but which lie
useless to us and to mankind To this end, it appears to me that the
whole subject of our colonies calls for a complete and immediate
revision.

While speaking of expense, and the impolicy and injustice of our
conduct towards certain outlying portions of our territories, I must
not forget a part of the empire itself, an integral and most important
. _

portion of the United Kingdom—l mean unfortunate Ireland. Our
conduct to Ireland has been, till a few years since, one continued
act of terrible injustice ; and Ile now wonder that the people,
whom we have treated as slaves for centuries, should not have
the virtues and habits of free men. There is now but one course
of wise policy as regards-Ireland. We must establish rigid justice
throughout the land. We must suffer no party, no sect, no class to
domineer over it.,y o"her ; and to this maintenance of peace among
her hitherto contending sons, our efforts must he confined. If we do
more, we shall do serious injustice to the people of England and
Scotland, and render no service to those of Ireland. If we were to-
morrow to tre.rts:er the whole wealth of England to Ireland, we

, .
should only create waste, idleness, and vice. A people must work
out their own regeneration, and acquire wise, frugal, and virtuous
habits, by leading a wise, frugal, and virtuous life. The wealth
hat is not acquired by labour is but too often squandered in ex-
travagance.
I have spoken above of extending over our wide and yet unsettled
territories the inestimable benefits of an enlightened religion. This
naturally calls my attention to the situation of religion among oar-
selves, both as regards doctrines and establishments.
lam myself a member of the Church of En;land. I was On •
cated as a member of the Established Church ; and after a care: u 1
consideration I have seen no reason to leave the fellowship of my
childhood and youth. But this determination litv been formed after
consideration, and is the result of my own will, utter ly Independent
of that of any other man. What, then, I have demanded for myself
—the right that I hove vindicated in my own person—I deman i fo-
all others. I inset upon religious as well as civil liberty. If my
mind be ent`mdled by arbitrary will, and not 1.. d by the suasion of
reason, I am more a slave than if you pu- my body in chains. While
I demand for all thi‘ freedom, which I have exercise , myself, I
proceed yet further. I hold every coercion on this subject impolitic,
as well as unjust. You may compel to outward observance, and to
face declarations ; you may create hypocrisy and discontent ; but at
w- rd of command you cannot make men believe.
With this view, therefore, I am led to deprecate, on all proper
occasions, every attempt to make establishments which exist for the
purpose of promoting any peculiar religious opinion State establish-
ments. In a country like ours, of complicated relations, of long-
established habits and opinions, I cannot expect that my opinions on
such a subject should be immediately acceded to; and lam not
prone to feel hurt er to take offence when I find men differ from me
concerning it. But though we cannot change at once what has been
long established, we can far more easily prevent new steps in a wrong
direction; and, therefore, to any extension of such religious estab-
lishments I shall direct unceasing opposition.
Within the narrow limits of an address like the present, I cannot
do more than indicate my views, and touch upon the leading opinions

I hold. From this general view, however, an accurate conception
can be attained by you of ;he political character of the mm you
have invited; and an opportunity will, I hope, Ise soon afforded me
of explaining, to the satisfaction of all whom the matter may in-
terest, my present feelings and future plans respecting our domestic
policy.

. _
Any exposition, however general. which oinit,ed a reference to
our foreign rel4tlons and policy would be indeed incomplete. My
belief on this subject is, that our true policy consists in abetaining
from all idle intermoddling wttlL the affairs of °the,. nations. Every
nation in Europe has at this time enough to occupy its attention in
settling its awn affairs; and the history of Europe, from the year
1830 to the pr.::sent time, when compared with the history of Europe
from 1793 to 1815, is the best argument which historical experience
can offer in favour of leaving a people to regulate and arrange for
themselves their own internal affairs. Interference in 1793 kindled
the flames of war over the whole world—a war unequalled for the
blood that was shed and the wealth squandered in its terrible and
_ .

Aisastrous conflicts. Non-interference in 1330 has allowed Europe
a chance of peace, and holds out to us a hope that the struggling
people will, in every nation of the great European family, eventually
attain the inestimable benefits of a wt.ll.regulated popular Govern-
ment.

I must and, Gentlemen, as I began, by expressing to you my
hearty thanks fur the honour you have conferred on me, and by
placing myself at your disposal, for the coming election. I tun
ready, when it shall so pl ace you, to present myself to your notice,
and submit to all such inquiry as you may think right. Having
nothing to conceal, I have no fear of inquiry.
I beg to remain, Gentlemen,
Your most obliged and faithful Servant,
J. A. ROEBUCK.

IvIECHI, No. 4, Leadenhall-street, London, with
his accustomed spirit, is determined that no one in the trade
shall excel him either in novelty, variety, quality, or price. His prin-
ciple is to warrant every article, and to exchange or return the money
for any found in the least detective. Many of his articles are manu-
factured on the premises,' and most of his patterns Are invented by
himself. Owing to the increase of novelties in papier mache, Mechi

has devoted additional Show-rooms to these tnanufactures, which the
pu'dic a-c always welcome to 'lisp ct. His cutlery, strops, ladies and
gentlemen's dressing-cares, writing-desks, work boxes, and every
article for the tact and work-table, as well as for presents or for
amusement, form a tout ensemble rarely to be met with, 11fechl
keeps working cutlers on the premises, so that every description of
cutlery may be ground and repaired daily. Table-cutlery, razors,
strops, &c., for shipping. Bagatelle tables for public rooms.

TILE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF COLONIZATION,
EMIGRATION, AND PENAL ARRANGEMENTS.
Just published (with a Map by Wyld, Charing-crese),
ALETTER -from Major Robert Carmichael-
Smyth to his Friend, the Author of "The Clockmaker," con-
taining ThOughts on the Subic et of a Britten Colonial Railway Com-
munication between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, at the same
time assisting Emigration and Penal Arrangemeuts ; conclud ng with
a frw Remarks on Grand Canal and Railway Project of Lieut.
Henry Millington synge, of the Royal Engineers.
Published-by W. P. Metchim, 20, Parliament street. Sold also by
Simpkin turd Marshall; Ridgway, Piccadilly; Wilson, Royal 'Ex-
change ; Saunders, Charing-cross ; and R. Folthorp, Royal Library,
nrighton.
C ell,:
id is is g
brief paragraphsstetc
of trArmettic di thearticle in the HISTORIC TIMES
of the 23d of February, on the Missing Arctic Expedition.
readers of its progress to the present time, and prepare them for
se,,,ery may serve to remind our
further discoveries, while it sutficiently illustrates our estimate of
the national character that in about fifteen years the ice-bound
coasts of a continent extending 110 degrees of longitude, i.e., as
wide as Asia, and twice as wide as Europe, has been traced by land
and sea, and its interior traversed in every direction. It cannot,
hawser, be doubted that the same anioant of energy and capital thus
eriaployed might have joined the Atlantic and Pact* by a path available
for commercial purposes, united Me' west with the
east, poured the
wealth of the.latter into the coffers of our prochants, and spreal reli-
gion and civilization to the most remote corners of the globe."
Extracts from THE SUN, 16th Ftistruary.
"According to the scheme disclosed in this remarkable pamphlet,
mails, merchandise. and paSsengers might be perpetually conveyed
Id and fro between England and her colonial territories ha the two
hemispheres without having lo'traverse the roads of Continental
Europe (which roads might be rendered impassable at any moment
by the outbreak of a general war), and without the necessity Of
having to double either the
_Calle of Good Hope or Cape Horn,
where the seas are as tempeststons• as the voyages are circuitous;
and the intercourse between Great Britain and her mast distant
and scattered possessions would not only be by tills means less liable
to interruption, but it would be more rapid, -and, in every
respect, more convenient. The proposedline of railway would link
together the two oceans, the Pacific and the Atlantic; it mould
stretch in a direct line across our colonies.in NOrth Americas; it
would comrnpnce at Halifax, in Nova Scotts. and would terminate
at Frazer's fiver, pouring into the Gulf of Georgia ; it would com-
municate by steam-vessels with the ports of the United Kingdom in
one direction, and in the other would promote a continual inter-
change of commodities and intelligence with Pekin, with Canton,
with Australia, wills New Zealand, with the Spice Islands, with
Ceylon, with Madras, and with Calcutta.
" The North American Railway from the Gulf of Georgia to the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, running from Nova Scotia by St. John's
through New Brunswick, across the St. Lawrence and Otawa, tra-
versing Upper Canada along the shores of Lake Huron and Lake Su-
perior, through the dominions of the Hudson'a Bay Company to the
south of Lake Winnipeg, over the chain of the Rocky Mountains to
the coast of the Pacific confronting the island pf Yanceuver—this
enormous line of railway would then be the first substantial em-
ployment of that felicitous fact which has been intimated in the ex-
pression that the shires of the Pacific constitute the end of the West
and the beginning of the East.'
Alt would form 'the great link required to unite in one powerful
chair the whole English race.' It would penetrate the enormous bar-
rier of the Rocky Mountains. It would, in a particular manner,
bind together the interests of England, of the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany, and the Canadas. It would present a magnificent held for the
employment of gangs of convict labourers—criminals who by clear-
ing and enclosing lands, by constructing roads, and building bridges,
would be withdrawn from the diabolical contaminations of the
penal settlements, and would, unconsciously be instrumental in for-
warding the grand labours of civilization.
"It would pass through regions 'rich in mines of sliver and copper,'
such as the vicinity of Lake Superior. It would draw into use the
abundant Wilber of the Oregon, the plentiful coal of Vancouver's Is-
land, the iron, lead, and tin, the granite, slate, and sandstone, the
oolites, the cattle, wool, hides, and tallow, the salted meat, the best,
the pork, the wheat, the barley, the Indian corn, the apples, and
the rest of the nutritious vegetation which now flourishes uncon-
sunned in the length and breadth of the North American Continent.
" Such is the noble project of a Colonial railway suggested by
this patriotic pamphleteer."
Extract from THE SUN, 13th March.
"On the 16th of February we directed public attention to a
pamphlet, in the form of a letter, addressed to Judge Halliburton,
the immortal " Clockmaker"—a pamphlet in which a magnificent
scheme is proposed for the connexion of the Pacific and the Atlantic
by. a railroad running through our North American possessions,
through the Canadas, and through the territories of the
Hudson's Bay Company, beginning at the harbour of Ha-
fa
pxo,eear Newfoundland.
Vancouver's Island. Since then, it will have been
observed by our readers that the author of that remarkable
opposite
and terminating on Frazer's River,
pamphlet, Major Robert Carmichael Smyth, has addressed a
letter to ourselves, in which ho disclaims any of that dogmatic
egotism which is generally supposed to actuate the projectors of such
colossal enterprises. The pamphlet of Major Smyth, previously
printed for private circulation, said written without any signature
mupaornksthoentittlhee6
page,ltl ult.,has subsequently to the appearance of our re-
been published in a complete and well-
digested form, accompanied by an illustrative map from the hand of
Mr. Wyl,l, the geographer. Now, that the plan may be regarded as
of reiterating our previouti argument, that the noble scheme
fairly before the public, we cannot but take this, the cattiest oppor-
tunity,suggested by Major Carmichael Smyth is one intimately associated
with the present condition and the future destinies, with the glory,
the greatness, and the prosperity of the British empire."
Extract from the BRITISH and ARMY DISPATCH, lath February,
before the Pamphlet was Published for General Circulation.
r
" This pamphlet is from the pen of an officer of rank, whose long
on service in North America has enabled him to offer to
the public some valuable suggestion; on the subject of the extension
of railway communication on that vast continent, in the further ex-
tremity of which new ground has lately been brokers in the progress
of civilization. The pamphlet
purports to point out means for the
employment of the people and capital of Great Britain in her own
colonies, by undertaking a great national work, and thus opening
road to the most extensive regions of wealth ever
before at the command of any nation in the world (not regions of
the shortest
gold, but for commerce and industry), and opening to Great Britain
a new outlet for the superabundant population of her soil, and new
markets for her labour. With great minuteness and considerable
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans shall be made easily communicable, and
local knowledge the author traces the means by which the far apart
urges that on that part of the_ line where the district labour and ca-
pital is sufficient, it shell be under:aken by the residents, and where
population is too thin, the remedy can be supplied by English capital
and convict labour.
"The pamphlet. is altogether well worthy of perusal by all who
are interested in the progress of the great tide which is now so
strongly setting ' westward.' "
Extract from the BRTGIITON GAZETTE, Bth March.
" One consequen-e of the recent discoveries in California has been
the renewed and zealous discussion of various plans heretofore sug-
gested for opening a direct communication between the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans, instead of the present circuitous and hazardous route
by Cape dorm. A general feeling seems to have hitherto prevailed
in preference of a water line by the river and Lake of San Juan de
Nicaragua ; and certainly, as compared with the Isthmus of Darien
or that of Tehnantep, c, there can be little doubt of its superior eli-
gibility. But we think that the views developed in the able pamphlet of
Major Carmichael Smyth will go far toward
public opinion. For the United States the route above-mentioned
may be a sufficiently desirable ono ; but the author of this pamphlet
contends—and therein he will have at least every Englishman on his
side—that such a communications ought, if possible, to be made
within the limits of our own territory.
" In a question like this the advocates of Colonization must feel a
strong interest; for 'let England her Northern American, colonies,
and the Hudson's Bay Company, join heart and hand, and with the
great power of steam which it has pleased the Almighty to place at
the command of man, there will soon arise a work that will be the
wonder and admiration of the age—and such a mercantile and ce-
lonizing road will ho open to Great Britain, that at no future period
(at least within the imagination of mars), will she ever again have to
complain of too great a reputation on her soil, and too simile market
for her labour," This Letter is addressed to the Clockmaker,' and
who will not echo the exclamation of that distinguished writer—
' Oh, squire, ifJohn Bull only knew the valise of these colonies, he
practical, and operative
would be a great man. I tell you—but he don't.'
Extract from the RAILWAY TIMES, March 10.
" There is work to be done—wealth to be opened up—men's bodies
and souls to h•
saved—the press teems with suggestions, plain,
sten, not a sign, not :vs expression indicative of activity, escapes
from the chief of the Colonial-office, h. fussy yet do-nothing,
-office, or s
readers the able,
subordinates.
munication between thi-AYtelt not a ray of intelligence, of apprehen-
" We shall revert to this topic in our next, and lay before. ar
invigorating arguments of Major Robert Carmiohael
Smyth, in reference to the subject of a British colonial railway cone-
antic and Pacific.

NELL GWYNNE TAVERN and CHOP-
HOUSE, Bull Inn-court, Strand, for Luncheons, Dinners,
and Suppers, Three Doors East of the Adelphi Theatre, and opposite
Adam street.
Messrs. ARCHER and HOLT most respectfully invite their
friends and the public to patronise the Nell Gwynne Coffee room,
which has been fitted up in the style of the period in which she lived.
Visitors to the Theatres, Citizens, and Gentlemen connected with
Somerset House, and the Banking Houses in the vicinity, will find
the Table d'Hote, which takes place at Nalf-past Five precisely, the
most 'comfortable and 'rea-enable in the metropolis.—Fish and
Joints, 2s. per head. Hot Joints until Eight, and Suppers untL One
o'clock. Private Dining-rooms, excellent Beds, superior Wines and
Spirits, fine Ales, and Barclay and Perkins's Stout.
N.B. An Entrance also from Maiden lane.

IMPERIALJAMES T. WIGNEY in thanking his friends and the public
HOTEL HUDDERSFIELD.
and also takes this opportunity of informing
generally for their kind andincreasing patronage since opening the
sb)ve Hotel, begs to assure t em of his continued exertions to afford
them every comfort and convenience when honoured with a visit ;
dition to the " Imperial" at Huddersfield, entered upon tt.e long-es-
tablished and well-accustomed Commercial and Family Hotel, the
" George," at Wakefield, whero Commercial Gentlemen and others
may depend upon having every accommodation they can possibly
them that he has, in ad-
desire.
April, 1249.

THE NICOLL.—REGENT-STREET and
Besides the above PatentedC Arddo, there lo another Novelty ° rtNIII".
inyecessarily intended
in-
troduced for this Season, which is, however, Registered under the
fori,amef l'i
morning l 41:',O,LaLr:Sin3IROidiltnNgfolirOWCaOlkAinTg,
etebreciinseg, especially
eialit
avoids the stiff formality to Os observed in the cut and form of the
Dress-coat. The price is
TWO GUINEAS,

the same as charged at 114, 116, and 120, REGENT-STREET, and
22, CORNIIILL, (or