The Sun.
London, England, 1849-06-09 00:00:00

ROYAL MARINE ARTILLERY.

After inspecting this highly serviceable and efficient
arm of the service in heavy marching order at their bar-
racks yesterday afternoon, which occupied some hours,
Colonel Gibsonc, the commandant of the corps, and the
other officers entertained the Deputy•-Adjutant-General
atd staff• at the mess-room. This morning there was to
have been st,me grand field practice at Cumberland Fort,
but the heavy rain which set in so violently, about eleven
o'clock, prevented it. The Deputy-Adjutant-General
inspected the books of the infantry corps at Forton Bar-
racks prior to his departure this morning.
PLYMOUTH, JUNE 7.—Her Majesty's steam-sloop
Plumper, from Por smouth, for Jamaica, put in this
morning in consequence of some defects in her cook-
ing apparatus. She will probably proceed again this
evening.

The Express packet arrived from Falmouth on Tues-
day, and went up harbour to refit.
The Alarm and Calliope, b-tug ordered for commis•
sion, were taken into duck yesterday.
Four deaths by cholera have occurred on board the
packet American Eagle since the last report—viz., a
Getman woman last evening, one of the crew during the
night, and two German women to-day. The bodies are
now taken ashore and buried at Mount Batten. Her
Majesty's hulk Tyne, 22, was yesterday afternoon towed
by the Confianco steam-vessel into the Sound, and
moored to the south of Batten Bay, near Jenny Cliff
Point. Most of the sick have been to-day conveyed in
boats on board her from the American Eagle, which lies
at anchor to the southward of the Merchant Seamen's
ground, off the White Patch. Ten of the crew afflicted
with diarrhea have been sent to the Tyne ; their num-
ber has been replaced by fresh hands from the shore.
The total number of cholera deaths, from Sunday the 3d
inst., when she left Portsmouth, to Thursday the 7th at
four P.M., is 11.
Wind, north-east ; stiff breeze, dry weather. _ _

WOOLWICH, JUNE B.—The Samp-on steam-frigate,
having taken ,her guns on board, left Woolwich yes-
terday at half-past 10 A sr., under the charge of ',Mite-
RJbertson, and proceeded to the Nore. She made
the rue from that light to the Mouse light, twice up,
and twice down; The speed of the vessel was found to
be en the average 9.6 knots per hour. After the trial
the Sampson was taken to Sheerness, where she will
remain until about the 14th of the present month, when
she will be manned by a part of the crew of the Castor,
and be navigated at the same time as that vessel to De-
vonport.
The Firebrand steam-vessel was taken out of dock
yesterday and into the basin, to have her boilers put in,
which, with the other works still required, will occupy
about six weeks or two months before she can be made
ready for service.
The Vulcan steam troop-ship has been taken into dock
to be fitted for her screw propeller.

The Vesuvius steam vessel, when ready, is to proceed
to Devonport, to be kept as an advanced war steamer at
that port.
The Monkey steam-vessel, Master Commander W.
Br)ant, returned at three o'clock A at., with the crew
who navigated the Sampson to Sheerness.
The Grappler steam-vessel is drily expected from the
coast of Africa, to be paid off at this port.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES EXEMP-
TION FROM LOCAL HATES.—A meeting of delegates
from a large number of these societies was held at the
City of London Literary Institution yesterday after-
noon, to receive the report of a committee appointed at
a former meeting. The chair was taken by Mr. William
Brown, M.P. The report, which was unanimously ap-
proved, stated that a Bill had been framed to obviate the
defects in the existing Act, by providing for an annual
certificate of the right to exemption based upon an an-
nual return, and by simplifying the legal procedure in
litigated cases. The report urged the importance of
making no claim which is not founded in justice and
equity. The proposed Bill was framed in that spirit,
and the Committee therefore hoped that it would re-
ceive the sanction of the Legislature. It was intimated
that besides favourable interviews with several influential
Members of Parliament, deputations had waited on Sir
George Grey and Lord John Russell, who had promised
that the attention of the Government should be directed
to the subject. The meeting was addressed by Lord
Wriottesley, Mr. Lacy,: M.P., Mr. Wyld, M.P., Mr.
Birkbeck, Mr. Toulmin Smith, and other gentlemen, in
favour of the proposed Bill, and it was understood that
every effort would be made to get it passed this session.
EMIGRATION FROM LIVERPOOL.--We have had
during the past month a very active emigration from this
Tort, the numbers having been 19,181 souls in May,
' 1849, against 13,336 in May, 1848, and 18,320 in May,
1847. The numbers for the five months ended May 31
are-1847, 71,874; 1848, 52,289; and 1849, 72,536.
The increase is thus 20,247 this year over 1848, but only
662 over 1847. There is an important difference, how-
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respectable
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,fsetrceetptthiebmle.eeTnshisistinygeznrf,
miners, artiz ins, and skilled operatives, and nearly allof
them showing, by the quantity of luggage, &c, in their
possession, that their leaving this country is less a mat-
ter of necessity than of conviction that they can best
advance their fortunes in a foreign land. A large portion
of those going nre Welsh, with a sprinkling of English,
principally of the respectable artizin and operative class.
The majority, of course, are Irish. It should be ex-
plained, however, that the emigration returns from Liver-
pool, or from Great Britain, no longer show the full
amount of the emigration from Ireland. During the
present and last year, a large quantity of American and
British tonnage has entered Irish ports direct, with sup-
plies of Indian corn and other food, and has taken back
thence the emigrants that otherwise would have had to
embark from this country. It is expected that for a few
weeks there will be a little cessation of activity, the
people waiting to reap the crops at present on the ground.

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE

AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sta,—The projected constitutional measures of the
Government now direct attention to our Australian
colonies. Your own and other metropolitan journals
take notice of our remote but rising locations, and in
general approve of the liberal policy which is being
adopted by the parent state towards her offspring at
the antipodes.
My present object is to offer some remarks on the
oft-debated subject of two chambers of legislation.
The comparative few in this country who give their
attention to colonial subjects seem impressed that this
species of check is absolutely necessary for wise and
prudent legislation, and they are disposed to charge
the Colonial-office with some measure of culpable
laxity on so important a point. The Government, as
you are aware, have left the question to the consider-
ation of the colonists themselves. Mr. Hawes re-
marked, in his speech yesterday, that the colonists
generally were opposed to the principle of two
houses. This is the case, and they have not of course
come to this conclusion without their reasons—good
and sufficient ones we hope they will be considered.
In the first place, the ultimatum in legislation is
not with the governor of the colony, but with the
Colonial-office, in Downing-street. This is our real
sovereign or representative of sovereignty, and there-
fore the Governor and his Executive Council stand
themselves much in the position of an upper house
or check upon the popular assembly. Whatever may
be the legal theory, this is the practical case.
Next, an "Upper House" in a colony may pos-
sibly be such in point of law, but in reality it is no
such thing. This house is constituted by nomina-
tion of the Governor, and no one who looks beyond
mere forms and shadows can imagine that such a call
is equal, much less superior in dignity to that by
election of the colonists. I shall not cavil about
legalities; —I give you the practical sentiments of the
colonists.

For these.reasons, an " Upper House" is neither
desirable nor necessary. It is a physician without a
patient—a supernumerary cook, who only disorders the
kitchen by being in every one's way. Partisan spirit
runs high in the colonies—proverbially so; but
assuredly this is not to be lesser ed by setting up a
House of Government nominees to emasculate the
vigour of the popular representatives. In New South
Wales, the present single chamber is composed, as
you are doubtless aware, of twelve nominees and
twenty four popularly elected members; and even
here it is desirable to reduce the former to the six
who are the ex•officio members, such as the colonial
secretary, treasurer, &c., &c. Such members are in-
disputably seated in the Legislature. They supply
information connected with their several departments,
and explain and defend the Executive Administra-
tion. But with regard to the six nominees, I think
experience has shown that in reality they do the
Executive no good. In proportion to the strength of
this minority, the public sympathies are apt to be
withheld from the Executive; and a judicious and
temperate Governor will not fail some day to discover
the truth of the motto " Save me from my friends,"
and to act promptly upon his new views by ridding
himself entirely of his too obedient servants the
nominees. I am, Sir, &c.,
AN AUSTRALIAN COLONIST.
London, June 6, 1849.