The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-02 00:00:00

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N°. 17 ,8 1 8

SEA, FIRE, LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Oft3ces,
31, CORNHILL, LONDON.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
Ca ital —1( 0,000
In Shares of Twenty Shillings each, to be pa. d In full on Allotment.
DIRECTORS.

Howell Gwyn, Esq., M.P. G?.orge Ile mate, Esq.
John Bennet, Esq. Sir William Ogilvie Bart.
Thomas Bunting, Esq. Frederick A. Peel, Etq.
Alexander Davi., Esq. W. Yates Peel, Esq.
John Kellam]. Dura:it, Esq. Joh,i Wrefcrd, Esq.
Augustus Collingridge. Esq , Managiqg Director.
AUDITORS.
I Henry Wood Esq.
Samuel Henry Banger, Esq.
MEDICAL REFEREES:
PHYSICIAN.
James Ridson Bennett, Esq., 111,D., 24, Elnsbury-placa N.rth.
SURGEONS.
John Fisher Gouda Esq , 31.11.0 S., 51, Cheapilde.
Fredk. Co. Crane, Esq., M.R.C.S., Leicester-square.
BANKERS.

Henry Roger.%
Ebeliezer :toper, Esq,

Messrs. Carrie and t 'o.,- 29, Cornhill.
. Commercial Bank of London, Lothbury.
SOLICITOR.
John Chspple, Esq., 70e, AldermsnburY.
MARINE DEPARTMENT.
UNDERWRITER:
Mr. John Powis. Member of Lloyd's.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.
ACTUARY.
Mr. Alfred Burt.
FIRE DEPART ENT.
SUPERINTENDENT.
Mr. John Nelson.
SURVEYOR.
George bloody Longmore, Esq.
BROKERS.
John H. Golding, Esq., Warnford•cour`, London.
Thomas Bayley, Esq., Warnford-court, London:
Messrs. Turner, Brothers, Throgmorten-street, London.

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.
I. Exemption of Shareholders from all Liability.
2. The Right of Transfer at Will.
3. Periodical Division of Profits.
4. Five per Cent. Interest Guaranteed (irrespective of further Divi-
dend:) upon the paid-up Capital. •
5. Yearly Audits of Accounts by Auditors exclusively chosen by the

Proori-tors.
6: Life Policies INDISPUTABLE and free of Stamp-duty to the As-

cured.

Applications fer the remaining untllotted Share% and on the sub-
ject of MARINE, FIRE, and LIFE ASSURANk :ES to be addressed
to t`-:e Agents of the Society; or to the Head Office as above.
AUG. COLL ENGEL DriE, Managing Director.

ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
26, CORNIIILL, LONDON.
Capital X 500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament.
The leading features of the Society are guaranteed of an ample
Proprietary Capital.
Moderate Rates of Premiums.
Two-thirds Premium Loaned to the Assured.
Annual Division of Profits.
Half the Premium may remain as a Loan for Five Years.
Extensive Travelling Leave granted, without extra Premium.
Moderate extra Premium for Residence in Tropical Climates.
N.B. The last Animal Bonus to the Assured varied from 27 to 65
per cent. (according to age) on the Premiums paid.
Examples of Bonuses already Declared, and Options.

Bonus in Perma- Sum the
.;'.. Annual Policy Bonus nent Re- Assured
Age. v t.', Pre- taken
to
urg Sed. addition
in duction of may bor.
°,°,mium. out in Cash. Annual roar on
-A Assni
' Premium. Policy.
£ s. d.I £ s. d £ s. d. £ s. d.
1837 276 14 3,128 14 3 21 7 2,593 6 8
1834 251 18 10.115 14 8 18 12 8543 17 9
£ - 1839 226 6 0 102 15 1 16 2 91494 8 10
60 1000.65. d. 1840 178 0082 14 2 12 14 111445 0 0
174 3 4 1841 174 0 078 3 4 12 3 0 395 11 1
1842 147 4 2 . 5 15 10 10 2 4 346 2 3
1843 99 18 4 41 8 4 615 11 296 13 4
1844 62 6 8 27 13 4, 4 4 0 247 4 5

Prospectuses, with tables of rates, &c., may be had at the office,
,r any of its branches in the country ; or, on application. will be for-
yarded post free.

W. S. B. WOOLIIOUSE, Actuary.

NITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE
JJ COMPANY.-8, Watorloo-place, Pall-mall, London ; 97,
George-street, Edinburgh; 12, St. Vincent-place, Glasgow; 4, Col-
lege-green, Dublin.

DIRECTORS.
JAMES STUART. Esq., Chairman.
CHARLES GRAHAM., Esq., Deputy Chairman.
11. Blair Avarne, Esq. F. Chas. Maitland, Esq.
E. L. Boyd, Esq., Resident. William Railton, Esq.
Charles Downes, Esq. F. 11. Thomson, Esq.
D. Q. Henriques, Esq. Thomas Thorby, Esq.
J. G. Henriques, Esq.
SECOND SEPTENNIAL DIVISION OF PROFITS.
This Company, established by Act of Parliament In 1834, affords
the most perfect security in a large paid. up Capital, and in the great
success which has attended it since its commencement—us ANNUAL.
INCOME BEING 17PWAB.DS OF 99,000/.
In 1841 the Company added a bonus of 2/. per cent, per annum on
the sum insured to all Policies of the participating class from the
time they were effected, to the 31st of December, 1840, and from
:hat data to 31st December, 1847, Vt, I. per cent. per annum was
added at the General Meeting on the 6th of July, 1848.
The bonus thus added to policies from March, 1834, to the 31st of
December, 1848, is as follows:

Sum Time Assured. Sum added to Sum added to ium payable
Assured. Policy inlB4l Polley In 1848 at Death.
£5OOO 13 years 10 mths £683 6 8 £787 10 0 £6470 16 8
5000 12 years 500 0 0 787 10 0 6287 10 0
5000 10 years 300 0 0 787 10 0 6087 10 0
5000 R years 100 0 0 787 10 0 5,187 10 0
5000 6 years .. 675 0 0 5675 0 0
5000 4 years .. .. 450 0 0 5450 0 0
5000 2 years .. , 225 0 0 5225 0 0

The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most Moderate scale, and
3nly one .half need be paid for the first live years where the In-
surance is for Life.

Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident
Director, No. 8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INsTITIITION, REGENT-STREET.
Rome illustrated in a series of Dissolving Views, with a De,crip-
tion, daily, at Half-past Four, and every Evening at a Quarter to
Ten.—Lectures on the Chemistry of Food, by Mr. Ashley. —Lecture,
with Experiments, on the Hydro-Electric Machine, by Dr. Bach-
hotfner.—Exhibition of the Oxy-hydrogen Microscope.—Diver and
Diving-bell.—The Chromatrope.—Models and Machinery explained.
Open daily from Eleven to Five ; and in the Evenings (except
sitturday) from Seven till Half-past Ten.
Admission. Is—Schools, Half-price.—The New Catalogue. Is.

nD AV S'S CANDLES, 4`,d. and sd. per lb.;
fi wax-wick moulds, 6d. ; composite, 7%d., 9d., and 9%d.
Botanic wax candles, Is.; German wax, Is 21.; fine wax, Is, sd. ;
transparent wax, Is. 61. and Is Bd. ; best wax, 23. Id. ; sperm can-
dles, is 61. and 1.. Bd. ; metallic, 7d. and Bd. ; mottif d soap 5Gs.
and GOs, per 112 lbs. ; yel ow, 445., 50'., and 565. ; Windsor soa^,
Is. 4d. per packet ; brown Windsor, Is 91. ; rose, 24. ; almond,
Is. 6d.; s erm 011, 7s 6d. per gallon ; solar, 3s. 3d. ; argand, 4s 6d. ;
sealiivr. wax, 43. 6d. per lb., for cash, at DAVIEi'S old established
warehouse, 63, St. Mart n's -lane, opposite Westminster County
Court (late New Slaughter's Coffee-house).

TO THE NOBILITY, GENTRY, PROFESSIONAL AND MER-
CANTILE GENTLEMEN, AND THE PUBLIC.
'LAWRENCE HYAM and COMPANY beg to
ILA+ announce that they OPENED, on MONDAY LAST, Oct. 15,
their newly. erected and magnificent premises, the
PANTEC lINET I [EC A, i 6, OXFORD-STREET,
Lonzon, as Merchant Tailors, Woollen Drapers, Outfitters, and
Manufacturers of Clothing for immediate wear, in conjunction with
their well-known City Establishment,

36, GR,tbECHURCH-STREET, LONDON,
and Branch Establishments-
-63 and 65, Lord-street, Liverpool GI, King-street, Manchester.
23, New-street, Birmingham. 26, Market-street, Manchester,
42, Wine-street, Bristol. 42, Brlg;ate, Leeds.
6, Union-street, Br!stol. 17, Market-place, Hull.

193, High-street, Exeter. 148, Argyle-street, Glasgow.
L. lIYAIII and Co., 86, Oxford-street, although well known to the
public, and enjoying an unprecedented share of their confidence, do
not think it would be judicious to devil from their usual system, i
opening a new E.tablishment, of pointing out and explaining* their
eapubilities and mode of conducting their business, and likewise the
advantages to be derived by those who honoir them with their
commands. -

L. 111 AM and Co., Bi, Oxford-street, have half a century's
experience in business, with unlimited command of capital, and a
rave of the most extensive establishments in all the principal towns
of Great Britian in successful operation, thus presenting advantages
of an extraordinary character such as never before were centered in
one firm.

L. HYAM and Co., B', Oxford-street, save all intermediate
profits ; that which they do not manufacture themselves they obtain
direct from the first makers. By purchasing in this efficient
manner, they effect a saving " in Intermediates alone," of at least
20 per cent. _ _

L.
L HYAM and Co., BG, Oxford-street, have procured for the
bespoke deportment an extensive and choice stock of Parisian and
West of England cloths, of every shade, colour, and quality. The
new materials for trowserings comprise plain and fancy doeskins,
buckskins, and kerseymeres, suitable either for dress, riding, or
walking. They are superb in texture, beautiful in colour, and of the
choicest l'esign.
L. IIYAM and Co., 86, Oxford-street, have selected from the best
and most celebrated makers, French, Genoa. and British waistcoat-
legs, which are remarkably rich, brilliantly varied, of the most
unique and novel styles ; in fact, the Pantechnetheca will comprise
within itself materials for making gentlemen's attire of every &scrip-
tion in the first style of art, and unparalleled in the annals of fashion
and economy.

L. HYAM and Co., 86, Oxford-street, in orde to render the Cutting
Department as effective as possible, have engaged cutters of the
greatest talents, experience, and acknowlegedabilities ; and so satis-
fied are they of their qualifications and certainly of pleasing, that
they give a guarantee to that effect, and, in order to test it, their
patrons have at all times the option of returning any garment which
may in any manner be disapproved of, though previously seen,
approved, chosen, and paid for.
L. HYAM and Co., 86, Oxford-street, have elaboraiely fitted up
the departments of elothing for immediate wear with every requisite,
both useful and ornamental. Hera may be selected, from a stock
exceeding 20,0001. in value, every description of apparel that talent
and ingenuity can devise or invent, consisting of dress and surtout
coats, waistcoats, trowsers, f juvenile and servants' clothing,
&c., at prices that cannot fail to give the most perfect sa-
tisfaction.

• L. HYAM and Co., 86, Oxford-erect, mark every article in
plain, bold, and legible figures, the very lowest selling price,
from which no abatement can be made ; consequently insuring a uni-
form. undeviating, honest principle of business ; and any garment
that does not give the most unqualified approbation will be ex-
exchanged with pleasure, or if preferred, the money will be immedi-
ately returned.

N.B. A detailed catalogue, containing a list of prices and a descrip-
tion of stock, may be had on application, or sent post free, to any
part of the United Kingdom.

THE BEST APERIENT and ANTIBILIOUS
werthecotuntalgiryiprinelgievoresprflsietrasttioomn aoefh s
tarnedngbtho.weTlshbeyy
MEDICINE for general use is FRAMPTON'S PILL OF
, which
gfieEntAleLreT
remove head-ache, sickness, dizziness, pains in the chest, Sec., are
highly grateful to the stomach, promote digestion, create appetite, re-
lieve langour and depression of spirits ; while to those of full habit:
and free livers, who are continually suffering from Aroweiness, heavi-
ness, and singing in the head and ears, they offer advantages that will
not fail to be appreciated.
This medicine° has for many years received the approval of the
most respectable classes of society ; and in confirmation of its effi-
cacy, the following letter has been kindly forwarded to Mr. Prout,
with permission to publish it, and if requisite, to refer any respect-
able person to its author :
" To Mr. Front, 229, Strand , London.
Heavitree, Exeter, April 24, 1844.
" Sra,—l feel pleasure in being able to bear my strong and unsoli-
cited testimony to the excellence of your Frampton's Pill of Health,'
which I consider a most safe, efficacious, and very sw.erior ge-
neral medicine. The widow of an offi:er, an elderly lady, and
near relative of mine, has used them—very rarely having re-
course to any other medicine for a long period of years. She
has recommended them extensively, and in one instance
iii
which she induced a person to adopt them, and supplied the
first box herself, they have proved of extraordinary efficacy. I think
that, perhaps, there is scarcely any other of the many patent medi-
cines before the public of equal value as a ' friend in need ;' certainly
none possessed of superior claims. I shall be happy on all occasions
to give them my individual recommendation; and am, Sir,
6. Your obedient servant,

* * *,,

• .
Sold by T. Front, 229, Strand, London. Price Is. I)4d. and 2s. 9d.
per box. Also by the venders of medicines generally throughout the
kingdom.

Ask for FRAMPTON'S PILL of HEALTH, and observe the nam
and address of " Thomas rigid, 229, strand, London," on the Go•
vernment Maw.

91 HE' VERNON GALLI,: R: Y.
ALLEGED INJURY to ONE of the VERNON PICTURES.

A statement (sent by a correspondent) having appeared in several
journaP to the effect that serious injury has been sustained by one
of the pictures in the Vernon Gallery, in consequence of the culpable
negligence of an engraver employed in copying it for the Art-
Journal,
The public are requested to see and examine itfor themselves; and,
Wit be possible to co so, to discover where and what injury it has
sustained. The picture Is No. 29 in the catalogue—the work of Mr.
Solomon Hay, It.A.
The right to engrave this collection was presented to the Editor of
the Art-Jou.nal by the late Robert Vernon, Esq., prior to his
" proffer" of it to the nation—a right graciously sanctioned and con-
firmed by the Trustees of the National Gallery on accepting the gilt.
For upwards of two years above twenty artists and engravers have
been continually occupied in copying and engraving these pictures
for publication in the Art-Journal ; and until this alleged injury, no
ompl ,int of a.iy kind has arisen : a fact which sufficiently proves
the care and attention manifested by the officers in charge of the gal-
lery, who are broadly accused of neglect in the paragraph In question.

MESSRS. BASS, RATCLIFF, and
GRET TON have THIS DAY REDUCED the price of
their PALE ALE to PRIVATE FAMILIES, to Is. Bd. per Gallon,
or 30s. the Kilderkin Cask of Eighteen Gallons.
Orders for the New Brewings addressed to Bass, Ratcliffe, and
Gretton, No. 3 Wharf, City Basin, will receive immediate attention.
November 2, 1849.

NEW WORK, by the Author of " JANE EYRE."
Just published, in 3 vols. post Bvo., price 11. 11s. 6d. cloth,
HIR LEY. By Ci.JRRER BELL.
Author of " Jane Eyre." •
"`Shirley' is the anatomy of the female heart. It is a book which,
like its predecessor, indicates exquisite feeling and very great power
of mind in the writer. The women are all divine, and Shirley' is,
Indeed, an intellectual harem."--Daily News.
Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhill.

Now publishing, price 7s. 6d., Second Edition,
SOYER'S • MODERN HOUSEWIFE, or
Menagere,_

By Stmpkin, Marshall, and Co.; and 011ivier.

ASTHMA.—SURPRISING TESTIMONIAL of the EFFICACY of
111 R. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.
From Ur. H. Armstrong, Chemist, 8, Church-street, Preston.
" August 3, 1843.

"One most intimate friend, who was for years troubled with an
asthma, the oppression at his chest, wheezing, and difficulty of breath-
ing was so great, that you might have heard him breathe three or
tour yards off. After he had taken two boxes he could get up and
dress without coughing, and his breathing was perfectly free. On
getting another box from me he said, `they are. indeed, a wonderful
medicine.'-7 ours, &c. H. ARMSTRONG."

Price Is PAd., 2s. 9d., and I Is. per Agents: Da Silva and
Co., I, Bride-lane, Fleet-street, London. Sold by all medicine ven-
dors ; of whom also may be had
DR. LOCOCK'S FEMALE WAFERS,
The only remedy recommended to be taken by Ladies. Have no
Ta.to of Medicine.

Beware of Imitations in the form of " Pills."

OPENING of the NEW COAL EXCHANGE.
HER MAJESTY'S VISIT.
No doubt the reader would esteem it strange,
If Moses' Muse forgot the Coal Exchange ;
And, therefore, as the Queen's to come, I'll greet her,
By writing on the coals a little metre.
My burning loyalty I cannot smother,
Nor yet exchange this subject for another.
The Queen, no doubt, will find her subjects give her
A very warm reception on the river.
Success, I say, to that commercial scheme
Whose memorable opening forms my theme ;
For, oh 1 each portion of the pile is rife,
With fond ideas of home and homely life.
And now, shall I be quitting the sublime,
By introducing Moses in my rhyme?
No : Moses, who have long enjoyed control,
Are nobs in trade—l don't mean knobs of coal.
Moses and Son's attire is so well made.'
That it has long ensured a flare-tip trade.
Moses and Son, whose words ne'er end in smoke,
Have given monopoly a timely poke;
May I not add, too. that the Coal Exchange
Is not by any means the sole Exchange ?
Moses and Son at their Depot arrange,
To exchange your goods without a word's exchange ;
And hence it is that such a stir is made
By Messrs. Moses in their flaming trade.
LIST. OF PRICES.
READY MADE.
Autumn and Winter Over Coats, in every
style .... • ... •• . .
The Bulwer,handsomely and warmly trimmed 0 18 0
The Paletot, ditto.. • ..
Chesterfield, ditto.. • • ...... •• • • 1 0 0
The Albert Wrapper, a very handsome style
of o,rr Coat .... • ..... .. •••••• • • • • • • • 1 5 0
Shooting Coats ..
Lounging or Morning Coats .... •• .. 0 4 6
Autumn and Winter Trousers, in Tweed .. • • 0 4 6
Ditto ditto Doeskin .. 0 7 6
Ditto Vests •. ••• • • .... •. 0 2 6
Black Silk Velvet Vests.. ..... ••• • ..
Dress Coats ... ..... ......
Frock Ditto ..........
Youths and Boys' Over Coats, in every style,
from .. ....
Hussar and Tunic Suits 0 14 6
Boys' Autumn and Winter Vests .• ........ 0 0 8
MADE TIP MEASURE.
Men's Autumn and Winter Over Coats..from 1 1
The Chesterfield Wrapper, in a warm ma-
terial, lined ••• • • • .... •—. • • 1 8 0
The I'aletot, handsomely and warmly trimmed 1 -16 0
The Eglinton Wrapper, a very ologant style of
The Strathmore Witney Over Coat, newest
style, lined throughout ...... .. ••• • • • 210 0
Autumn and Winter Trowsers, in Tweed and
0 10 6
Best Black Cassimere ditto .. •• • • .......... 1 6
Autumn and Winter Vests •. 0 8 6
Best Black Cloth ditto ........ • 0 13 6
- Black Silk Velvet ditto .................... 0 18 6
„ Dress Coats.- •• • ...
Frock •••• • • • from 335. to 3 3 0
Hussar and Tunic Suits.... .. from 1 5 0
Superfine .••••• • • • • ................. ..... 1 15 0
lien's Shooting Coat ..... ........... •.. .. oli 0 .
Elegant Dressing Robes, in great variety,
A Large Stock of Fur Coats, in every shape, from 60s. to 201.
Naval and Military Uniforms, Liveries, &c.
Mourning to any extent at Five Minutes' notice.
•
'tied " The Minion of the Million," with full
directions for Self-measarement, can be had on application, or for-
warded, of
post free, to any part of the kingdom.
Notice— the Fur Department is low replete with every novelty
of the season.
Observe—Any article purchased, either ready made, or made to
measure, if not approved of will be exchanged, or the money returned.
E. MOSES and 5t91,1, Tailors, Woolleudrapers, Clothiers, Hatters,
Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters, 154,
155, 155, and 157 Minorlea, and 83, 88, 85, and 86 Aligate, City,
London ; all communicating with each other, and forming one vast
Establishment.
Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret having to guard the public
against imposition; but having hoard that the untradesmartlike
falsehood of being connected with them, or " It, is the same concern,"
Us keen resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons,
hey beg to state that they have ED connexion with any other house
in er out of London, except their Braneh Establishments, 36, Far-
,ate, Sheffield; and 19, Thornton's-buildings, Bradford, Yorkshire;
teose who require cheap and genuine clothing, &c., should call
at or sand to the Minories and Aldgate, City, London; or either of
the Branch Establishments, as above.
Take Notice.—This Establishment is fslosed from sunset Friday
to sunset Ratnnlar, when business is resumed till twelve o'clock.

A K It I A (fir E.
One half the world are desolately single, and the other
laPPosing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
same of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
•,:tter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
)1 caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
somprosina
harry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
ink broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
ml %as' content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set-
:Lament. Honour andjusticedersand that health shouldform an item
▪ tee compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
.base surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
dEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life," pub. in 2 vols., is.
each (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, er prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
v -nleinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, but
for the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom
tiny are offered as antagonistic to the empyrieal trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone sr
ogother, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
ttlo publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
▪ coat is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
iveid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
pamp lets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
'ife who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
ervaces of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
veer... 4 he done unte—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
on the "sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
iherwo4d, 23, Paternoster-rew ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street • Mann,
39, Cornbill ; Spokes, 5, Holborn Isill ; or direct (by post or ether-
wi,e) Vous the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings 'nd evenings). 10, Argyll-elate Recent-street; and al,
Booksellers.

PERSIAN DECORATIVE ART.—The Persian manu-
factures, long continued of distinguished beauty, gold and
silver tissues and brocades, silks in all their varieties,
and carpets of great richness; their metal work, especially
the mountings of arms and silver filagree, assumed an
important and elegant character, and frequently as deco-
rative ornament became more elaborated, an increased
contrasting splendour and richness of colouring was ob
tained by the introduction of precious stones; chasing or
inlaying with various coloured metals and enamelled
work; producing in themselves results essentially beau-
tiful, and uniting an elaborate ingenuity capable of ex-
citing the interest and admiration of every people of taste.
—Architect and Building Operative.

ARCHITECTURE IN SPAIN.—In Spain, the buildings
erected in the Christian provinces are but little known.
The Muiselmen, more advanced in civilization than the
Christians, exercised a powerful influence on the direc-
tion which architecture took in the different provinces of
the Peninsula. It is known that the Andalusian artists
went into Castille, and that they there erected churehes
in which they preserved the plan of the Basilica, but
which they decorated in the Arabian style. We will
mention the churches of Zamora and of Toro, which
quite resemble the French Romanesque Basilicas of the
twelfth century, and the monastery of Pobelt, 1149. It
is also well known that the period of the Renaissance
in Spain was very brilliant —Architect and Building
Operative. _

REFORMS IN THE COURT OP CHANCERY.—NearIy
the last Act passed in the late session related to the
Court of Chancery— the first of a series of promised
reforms connected with that tribunal. The statute in
question has reference to the Petty Bag-office and the
practice of the common law side of the Court of Chan-
cery and the Enrolment-office. Among the 52 sections
contained in the Act (12th and 13th Victoria, chap. 109)
are provisions enabling solicitors to practise as attorneys
on the common law side, and to perform the duties
formerly discharged by the clerks of the Petty Bag-
office. The practice is to be analogous to the common
law courts, and the judges of the superior courts are to
possess jurisdiction in such matters. The clerks of the
Petty Bag are to be paid by salaries, and all the privi-
leges of its officers are abolished. Stated fees are to be
taken, and the Lord Chancellor, with the assistance of
the Master of the Rolls, is to make general rules and
orders to enforce the new law. The Act is an improve-
ment on one passed last year on the same subject, and
resulted from the labours of a Committee of the House
of Commons on fees in courts of law and equity, recom-
mending the payment of officers by salaries instead of
fees—a recommendation that will be generally adopted
in offices of law and equity.
Prodigals are persons who never learn the differ-
ence between a sovereign and a sixpence, until they
want the latter.—Bliza Cook's Journal.

BUCKS ASSOCIATION FOR THE

RELIEF OF REAL PROPERTY.

AYLESBURY, OCT. 31.—The first general meeting
of the members and friends of this association was
held at the George Inn to-day, for the purpose of
taking into consideration " the depressed state of
agriculture, and all classes connected therewith." The
meeting was very numerously attended by the gentle-
men farmers of the county. The chair was occupied
by Wm. Lowndes, E•q., of Cheshim.
Letters of apology for non-attendance were read
from Colonel Higginso ,n Mr. Halsey, M.P. for Herts,
and Anthony Chester, Esq.
The CHAIRMAN having briefly opened the prc-
ceedings,
Mr. J. NEWMAN, J.P., of Bran Is House, proposed
the first resolution, as follows

" That independently of supplying their share of
the imperial revenue, the owners and occupiers of real
property are forced to rase a second revenue, to the
amount of twelve millions sterling, by a process, and
under the name of ' local taxation,' though the ob-
jects for which this second revenue is raised are
altogether of a general and national character, and
therefore properly chargeable on the entire income of
the country, and not On a portion only ; especially
when that portion, rated at the highest estimate,
scarcely amounts to one-third of the who!e."

Mr. E. STONE, tenant farmer, seconded the resolu-
tion, which was unanimously carried.
Mr. DISRAELI, M.P., rose to propose the second re-
solution amid loud cheers. He said—Mr. Chairman
and gentlemen, this is the first meeting of a new
association recently formed in this county, an associa-
tion for the relief of real property. Real property,
gentlemen, in its most important particular, is at thi,
time peculiarly suffering. The land of England, and
especially the cultivators of the land, are suffering at
this moment, and, as they believe, from the acts of
the Legislature.—(Hear, hear.) Under these cir-
cumstances, you have naturally been called upon to
consider your position, and see where you are suffer-
ing, whether you probably might not be subject to
imposts and charges which the rest of your fellow-
ibjects are exempt from. Now, gentlemen, this
society are of opinion that it does not become us to be
idle, but that, in the present Parliament we may
advance many questions, and, perhaps, carry many
measures, all of which have a tendency to the resto-
ration of protection, and which, so far as they move
in that direction, will prove of a remedial, and,
perhaps, of a highly remedial character to you.—
(Hear, hear.) Now, gentlemen, with regard
to those of our friends who lay it down
as a principle that it is useless to attempt
to obtain any relief from the present Parliament, I
would venture to observe that I think that principle
of action is not very constitutional in the first place,
and a doubt in the next place whether it is very just.
It is not the present Parliament that repealed the
corn-lsws. It is not the present Government that
repealed the corn -laws.—(Hear, hear.) On the con -
trary, all who know the original tendency of
the present Government know this, that so
far from repealing the corn-laws, they would have
substituted a modification of protection, which we all
of us now would be very glad to accept.—(Hear and
cheers.) Now, I do not presume to form a better
opinion of your chances of obtaining relief from the
I lope of Commons than some of those gentlemen
who have given their opinions to the country, but I
pass a great part of my life in the House of Com-
mons. It is my business as your representative to
study the temper and tone of that assembly. I know
something, I think, of the opinions of those who form
that assembly, both collectively and individually, and
from that knowledge I have arrived at the conclusion
that it is by no means a desperate effort to appeal to
this House of Commons for measures of a remedial
character for you.—(Cheers.) I would not hesitate
to express my opinion, formed on some observa-
tion, that the majority of the present House of
Commons are not by any means devoted to that
inconsistent and incoherent system which is
too much honoured by being called a system of free.
trade.--(Hear.) Well, then, that being the case,
having that impression, and remembering that the
present Government as a body of public men are
almost less violently devoted to those new-fangled
principles than any body of men in the House of
Commons that ever formed a Government, I cannot,
with the prospect of four years probably before me of
this present Parliament, sincerely counsel you to do
nothing but despair.--(Cheers ) I will make one
observation generally, before I enter into any details,
with respect to the particular interest that has called
us together. When I say I look forward to the time
when a wise protective system will be established in
this country. I mean a system that will be generally
protective of the interests of all classes of English-
men—l wish to guard myself from being supposed
in making these observations, or any other observa-
tions I may chance to make, to advocate only the
interest with which I am connected. In the hour of
danger and difficulty it is very true that the °ther
great interests of this country were not faithful to
the agricultural interest. When we were attacked
in 1846, when we fought your battle as well as we
could, the shipping interest, the colonial interest, and
the timber interest were not found ranged on our
side.—(Hear.) But when their turn came, which
we predicted to them would come, we did not for a
moment choose to remember that want of sympathy
and support on their side; on the contrary, we exerted
our utmost energies on their behalf, because, acting
for them, we vindicated a great principle.—(Hear
and cheers.) Gentlemen, Lord George Bentinck, the
best and greatest of men, sacrificed his life to the
Vest India interest; and when the shipping interest
was assailed more recently, so powerful were the
efforts made by the agricultural constituencies and
their representatives, that the impolitic change in our
navigation-laws was nearly defeated.—(Hear, hear.)
I say this, gentlemen, because a most respectable in-
dividual, a man for whom I have a very great respect
and regard, an eminent ship-builder, has recently at a
public meeting expressed his opinion, with great com-
pliments to myself—(A laugh)—that I was going on
a little too fast in my recommendations to the agri
cultural body. Perhaps that gentlemen in 1846,
when I opposed the change in the corn-laws, thought
I was going a little too slow—(Laughter)--but,
with your permission, I will pursue that course which
I think the wisest.—(Cheers.) Gentlemen, I une-
quivocally support protection to agriculture.—(Hear,
hear, and cheers.) And I do so upon this ground,
because I believe that protection is the parent of cheap
ness and abundance.—(Renewed cheers.) Gentlemen,
since the peace, making a due and even liberal
allowance for the recurrence to cash payments, the
cost of production of a quarter of wheat has been
reduced 100 per cent. under protection. Since the
peace the British farmer has raised from the acre a
greater quantity of produce than any farmer in
Europe, and a much greater quantity of produce than
any farmer in the United States under protection.—
(Cheers.) Therefore it is unanswerable to my mind
that protection has produced cheapness and abundance.
Now, gentlemen, that is your case in an economical
point of view. It is one that has never been answered,
which no free•trader could meet, because no free.
trader could deny facts so potent. All the attacks on
the late law were attacks on details—arguments to
prove that a sliding scale would not work, that a fixed
duty was net beneficial; but no argument was brought
forward to show that protection bad not produced
abundance and cheapness; and when I say that I am
for protection to agriculture I guard myself against
all details. When I say that I do not mean to say that I
am for any particular law that may be devised to
morrow, or that may have been abrogated yesterday.
I do not enter either on sliding scales or fixed duties.
I am for protection to agriculture, because that has
produced cheapness and abundance.—(Cheers.) 1
say further, that what I mean by protection is this—a
system that will leave to the landed proprietor that
possession which the constitution has allotted to him,
and will permit him to remain the natural leader of
the people—a system which will make the cultivation
of the soil the principal branch of the industry of the
kingdom, which will make agriculture flourish; and
agriculture cannot flourish unless the farmer and the
labourer receive a remunerating price, and ample and
proper wages.—(Hear, hear.) I mean by protection,
gentlemen, the maintenance of the territorial consti-
tution of the country, which cannot remain unless
agriculture is the most flourishing pursuit in England,
just as agriculture cannot remain the most flourishing
industry of this country without the maintenance
of the territorial constitution.—(Loud applause.) I
come now to consider what is the best course for the
agricultural interest in all its branches, classes, and
ramifications to take, at this moment of almost unpa-
ralleled depression; with a still more gloomy future
before them. You have had placed before you one of
those measures which this society recommends you to
adopt. • The question of the burdens on real property
has now become a public question. It has been placed
in a light so clear, and in a position so difficult to
discomfit, that you may fairly say that the public
generally, upon the subject of real property, entertains
correct and accurate ideas. Many are prepared " to
tell us of the difficulties we must encounter in set-
tling the question." No one is more sensible of those
difficulties than myself. It is difficult to reconcile
local jurisdiction and national contribution; it is dif-
ficult at all times to settle interests of such compli-
cated details. In 1847, when Lord George Bentinck
warned the farmers of England not to be deceived by

the high prices from which peculiar circumstances
they could then command, but that the pinching hour
WAS ineviteble, and when he called upon them as
their friend to send to Parliament only men on whom
they could depend, why Lord George Bentinck
was looked upon as a visionary. You did not attend
to him, aml where are you no ,v ? (Hear, hear) So
it is with this question of the burdens on real pro-
perty. There is no difficulty about it, but difficulty
of detail. You have conquered the principle, and
you must leave the deteils to those who are respon-
sible for the settlement of such subjects. No doubt
it is very inconveni,nt for the Ministry of this
country, Irons whatever party it may be formed, to
have to encounter a question ofauch magnitude, but the
responsibility rests with those particular parties who.
by their rash and panic-struck changes of the law, forced
you to reconsider your position. lied the repeal of
the corn-laws not taken place it is very possible that
we might not have created in this country the feeling
that now exists ageinst these unjust taxes.—(Hear,
hear.) But that only shows, gentlemen, the rash, the
incoherent, and the amateur manner in which the set-
tlement of the corn-laws was (hurried through the
House' of Commons, through a House of Commons
pledged to support them—(Hear)—when this question
ofjust compensation to you was not at the same time
considered. Let us suppose that we may succeed in
carrying laws founded on the resolution which has
been moved by Mr. Newman and seconded by Mr.
Stone. The only tendency of the success, let me
remind you, will be this, that you will be put on a
footing with your fellow-subjects. That is all that
you ask, and all that you will obtain.—(Hear, hear.)
But when you find yourselves in the present day on
the same footing as your fellow-citizens you will find
yourselves upon a footing of discontent. When you
have obtained an equality with your fellow-subjects
on this question of taxation, you will find it is an
equality of murmuring and dissatisfaction. Having ob-
tained that relief, blended with the multitude, no longer
distinguished from the great mass of the community
by the privilege of paying taxes from which they are
exempt, the agricultural interest will still find that
all they have obtained by this equality is, that they
are companions of a community that are suffering, as
they say, under an overwhelming burden of imperial
taxation. Now, what are you to do under those
circumstances ? In ray opinion, gentlemen, upon the
conduct of the agricultural constituencies in county
or in borough—upon their conduct with reference
to this great question of relief from general taxa-
tion the future of this country depends.—(Cheers.)
And, therefore, in this society, at this moment,
and under these circumstances, called upon to-day
to consider the depression of your industry, and the
measures calculated to relieve it, the most important
subject fur us to consider is, what course you will
take with respect to general relief from imperial tax-
ation.—(Hear, hear.) Now, gentlemen, in the first
place, I would beg you to consider that there is no
man, I apprehend, in this room who can suggest the
repeal of any tax which could for a moment be looked
upon as just compensation for the protective policy
you have lost.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) It is
possible that some person might rise and with diffi-
culty fix upon one tax the repeal of which might
afford some colourable relief in a very slight degree
in some particular county or locality. That is the
most he can do. At the first glance, therefore, you
will observe that the agricultural interest are not in
a position to join in the clamour for are peal of taxes
until they have ascertained what are the taxes the
repeal of which will be a compensation to them
for the protection they have lost, what are the
taxes that will give to the farmer remunerative
prices, and maintain and increase the wages of the
labourer.—(Cheers.) You may be hurried on in a
moment of passion, and find yourselves mortified, and
justly mortified, by the treacherous conduct you have
already experienced from men in power.—(Hear,
hear.) Take my word for it, that it is the most se-
rious moment in your lives, and upon which the fate
if that noble industry which most of you practice de-
pends, if you rashly, inconsiderately, and passionately
join in schemes for the repeal of taxes which will not
benefit you, though they may benefit others that are
opposed to you. Now, then, if at the first blush the
agricultural interest can have no fair prospect of ge-
neral relief from the repeal of taxes, let us inquire with
what face the, manufacturing interest, or even the
commercial interest, can come forward and say that in
consequence of their suffering they demand a repeal
oaf the imperial taxation of the country ? Remember
that for some years past the whole legislation of this
country has bean conducted in deference to the fiscal
principles and the financial policy of the manufac-
-tiring and commercial interests. Ten years ago I
heard the most eminent leaders of the manufacturing
interest repeatedly assert that if we repealed the corn-
laws they could beat the world. Well, the Minister
of that day was not prepared to repeal the corn-
!aws. Ile made what is called "a great experiment."
Now, I will tell you what Sir R. Peel meant by " a
great experiment." It was not really the common
pretext that by diminishing the duties on imports you
night increase consumption. The " great experi-
ment" of that party of which I was a member—the
great Conservative party—was to see whether they
could not save the corn-laws by a great reduction of
indirect taxation.—(Hear, hear.) Under those cir-
cumstances seven millions and a half of indirect taxes
were taken off. All the duties on raw materials—a
4reat diminution of the duties on all articles that
entered into general consumption—seven millions and
a half of the revenue were sacrificed to save the corn-
laws, and it ended by that interest which had obtained
that seven and a half millions getting the repeal of
the corn-laws besides. But, in addition to obtaining
those seven and a half millions of repeal of indirect
taxation, besides obtaining the repeal of the corn-laws,
the actual boon that the commercial interest obtained
was the total repeal of the postage of the country, an
alteration that has made a difference of hundreds, and,
in some instances, of even thousands, in the annual
expenditure of great firms.—(Hear.) Well, gentlemen,
this is the condition of the manufacturing and commer-
cial interests. Remember that, besides all this, accord-
ing to their own estimate they ere obtaining countless
treasures from the expansion of old markets, and
the discovery of new ones. Remember also, and never
forget it, that according to their own estimate, the
estimate of a gentleman high in economic science, the
former secretary of the Board of Trade—remember
that according to the estimate of that gentleman, who
was sail to have been returned to Parliament in
consequence of that estimate, and who was also said
to have drawn the tariff of Sir Robert Peel, the
people of England are now, by the repeal of the pro-
vision laws, gaining two millions sterling per week.
Chat is the estimate of Mr. Macgregor, the Member
for Glasgow, and the prime counsellor and confidant
if the Government that repealed the corn-laws.--
(Hear, hear.) Well, then, with what colourcan the
manufacturing and commercial interests come forward
and demand a repeal of the great mass of taxes under
the plea that they are suffering ? How is it possible
r.hat with the immense increase of population
which has taken place, with the vast increase of
wealth, with our commerce greatly increased, with
our manufactures doubled, and with a very large
diminution in the taxation—how is it possible that there
can be that suffering from the burden of taxation of
which we hear so much from particular quarters? Gen-
tlemen, the fact is, that those who clamour about this
burden of taxation, are those, limited in numbers
though powerful in organization, who wish to stimu•
late foreign markets which they have glutted already
with their productions, as in the case of China, or
they are a body who, under the name of financial
reform, contemplate political change ; and I will
show you that the political change they contemplate
under the name of financial reform is a change hostile
to the property and industry of the owners and occu-
piers of real property in land.—(Hear, hear.) Gen-
tlemen, financial reform means, in fact, direct taxa-
tion; and direct taxation, however plausible at first,
inasmuch as all property in this country, except real
property, is of a most evanescent and fleeting charac-
ter, inasmuch as the fundholder in London, if taxed,
will buy funds at Vienna or Brussels—it is quite clear
that the burden of direct taxation must ultimately and
speedily fall on real property.—(Cheers.) And,
gentlemen, the greater the burden of taxation on you
the more your industry will dwindle to meet that
catastrophe on which they count. Now, under
these circumstances, I think no course is
more to be deprecated than that the agricultural
constituencies should join in this clamour for the re-
duction of imperial taxation. What the agricultural
interest requires, and this country requires, is not
din,irsntion of taxation, but increase of means.—
(Cheers.) Now, I believe there is a measure which,
if supported by the agricultural interest of this coun-
try may he productive of very great advantages to
you, and, gentlemen, it is one of those measures
which—having a tendency to the same object to
which I alluded before, and which must not be lost
sight of—namely, the restoration of a judicious system
of protective policy—l think may be obtained from
the present Parliament.—(Hear, hear.) In all the
efforts made last year, in those prolonged discussions
and divisions in which the question of the new com-
mercial system at all entered, and in which your in-
terest was brought under consideration, it is a curious
thing to observe the vast number of members who ab-
sented themselves from the divisions. lA, hat was
called the free-trade party represented by the Go•
vernment always polled to the last man. What was

callo 1 the protectionist party manfully and fairly
came forward on every occasion. In the par-
ticular debate on the burdens on agriculture
we were beaten only by 90, yet there were
on that occasion 120 men who did not vote at
all. You may take for granted that these 120 men
would have voted if the pinch had been felt then which
is felt now, and if their constituents had only re-
minded them that the time had come when they must
do something for their relief.—(Heir, hear.) I want
to absorb this floating body in the party that will vote
for measures of agricultural relief, and I do not
despair of doing that, particularly if you do not mix
up the agricultural question in any way with party
politics. Let all join you who are interested in the
land direct'y or indirectly, but do not make the land
question a machine to subvert the Government. If
you can obtain from this Government measures of
advantage and of justice, be thankful. Remember
that the Prime Minister of England is -the child of
a great territorial house.—(Hear.) Remember that
the Whigs, though they are the unfortunate crea-
tures of circumstances (Laughter)—which is not
their own fault, because they were forced to take the
government of this country without the country
wishing them to take it—(Hear, hear)—remember
that the Whigs have sympathies with the land ;
and, gentlemen, if you find an inclination on their
part to support measures which have a tendency
to your relief, do not refuse that support, and
do not, under any circumstances, mix those
measures with party politics.—(Cheers.) Now, the
measure which I think may be obtained, and which I
believe would be productive of vast importance, is one
upon which I will touch for a few moments. I have
only once cursorily alluded to it. I believe that at this
moment, inasmuch as it is not the interest of the land
to reduce the general taxation, and as it is the interest
of the land to resist the plans of those who would
diminish the general taxation, it is of the greatest
importance that you should call on the Legislature to
establish a sinking fund ; and now I will explain to
you what will be the effect of that upon the industry
and property of the owners and occupiers of land.
On this point, I will take, as I always do, the data
and the estimate of our opponents. We have upon
the subject of the sinking fund the estimate of a gen-
tleman who is a political economist and a free-trader,
but who is the most sagacious writer and the most
sensible investigator of all subjects of finance in the
ranks of our opponents. I mean Mr. M'Culloch.
Mr. M`Culloch, though opposed to a sinking fund
because he thinks it could not be maintained, says, in
his work on taxation, that no doubt the consequences
of a sinking fund of 5,000,000/. would be of vast im-
portance, and that it is highly probable the rate of Go-
vernment securities in such a case would in a very short
time not exceed even two per cent. Now I want you to
consider the effect upon your property and industry
in such a state of affairs. If that were the case the
surplus capital of this country, the accumulations
which have been devoted heretofore by the English
people to foreign mines and foreign loans, and
British railways, all those accumulations would find
their way to the enrichment and cultivation of the
soil. Now, I will take a case to show you what must
be the immediate and practical effect on the land of
England if you had this fund established. We had
some allusion made to mortgages by a gentleman who
spoke. It is difficult to estimate the mortgages of this
country, but I have arrived at the conclusion that
they probably amount to 400,000,0001. The
interest on that is 16,000,0001. Under the new plan
that interest would be reduced, and by that means
every acre in the country would be drained, and
tenants would be assisted in every application they
made for improved cultivation. It is impossible to
contemplate anything that would have a more direct
tendency to benefit agricultUre, to make farmers
prosperous, and to place the landed proprietors in
a safe position. We may raise that sinking-fund
by a duty on foreign imports, and, in my opinion,
a duty on foreign imports is a law that not only
possibly may be passed, but that probably will be
passed in the Parliament that now exists.—(Cheers.)
If it be passed, let it be combined with a measure
which shall renovate and increase the fortunes of the
great agricultural interest, but, at all events, whether
passed or not, we hope to obtain for these measures a
favourab:e, if not a successful, hearing in Parliament,
because they are founded on justicLpd principles of
high policy. The Hon. Gentleman concluded by
moving that " in the opinion of the meeting Parlia-
mentary measures were required which would ensure
that re al property should bear only its fair and just
proportion of the revenue of the country that is lo-
cally raised, and as sh ,uld effect, at the same time, a
gradual and certain diminutiol of the imperial and
general burdens by the establishment of a sinking i
fund to be raised by a duty on foreign imports.",
Mr. GIBBONS seconded the motion, which was
adopted.

Mr. L. STONE, of Brightwell Park, moved the
adoption of a petition to the Legislieure, founded on
the two fort-going resolutions.
The motion was seconded by Mr. E. W. Cox,
tenant-farmer, and carried.
'1 Iv. proceedings terminated with the usual vote of
thanks to the chairman.