The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-24 00:00:00

THE . SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 24, 1849.

think proper of the last witness; but it seems to me
not fo h rlpe,s;lry for you to do so at present,

that it is only necessary to take evidence merely of a
preliminary character. On a future occasion an op-
portut ity will be afforded to the professional gentle-
man for whom you have sent of sifting the evidence,
should you or he choose to do so ; therefore I think it
unnecessary for you to ask any questions now unless
you wish to do so.
The prisoner said she had no questions to ask the
witness.
Wright, a police-constable, said he went to 3,
Minver place, in company with Mr. Flynn, a friend
of the deceased, on Monday, the 13th inst. The
prisoner opened the door, and replied to their inter-
rogatory that her name was Manning. She invited
them into the parlour, where they remained a quarter
of an hour or twenty minutes. This was about five
minutes to ten in the morning. Mr. Flynn said, "I
suppose you have heard about Mr. O'Connor being
Missing." She replied that she had, and that it was
very strange, as he was a very regular man. She
likewise stated that he had been there on the previous
Wednesday evening, that he was very tipsy, and that
he was seen home by a friend of his, named Welch.
Further, she said she bad been to his lodgings on the
previous Thursday evening, about a quarter to six, to
see what had become of him; also on the Friday
evening. Mr. Flynn asked her if she knew any of
his friends?

Mr. Edwin—l suppose it will be unnecessary to go
into that now.

Mr. SECRER—We had better not go any further

day.

Mr. Edwin (to the inspector)—From the informa-
tion you have received you believe the prisoner to
have been concerned in the murder ?

Inspector Yates—l do.
Mr. SECKER—And you call for a remand.
Inspector Yates—l do.
Mr. SncicEn—Prisoner, you are now entitled to
ask the witness any question, should you think
proper.
The Prisoner—l do not wish to ask him any
questions.
Mr. SECKER—Then it is my duty to remand you
until this day week.
The prisoner was then removed. She walked
composedly, and, as far as we could judge from ex-
terior appearances, apparently unconcerned, from
the dock.

Mr. Moxey inquired if
.his attendance would be
further required ? _

Mr. Edwin—Has the prisoner said anything to
you ? Mr. Moxey—She has been several days in
my custody, and, of course, she has said a good deal
to me.

After some conversation, Mr. Moxey's attendance
was dispensed with until notice was sent to him that
it was required.
The prisoner was immediately driven off to
Horsemonger-lane gaol.
The whole of the proceedings did not occupy many
minutes.

THE BERMONDSEY MURDER.
(THIS DAY.)
THE ADJOURNED INQUEST._

The inquest upon the unfortunate Mr. Patrick
O'Connor was resumed to-day before Mr. W. Carter,
in the coffee-room of the Leather Market Tavern,
Bermondsey.
The room was crowded, and the greatest interest
appeared to be manifested in the proceedings.
The deceased was buried on Sunday last at the Ca-
tholic burying-ground opposite the George, in theCore-
mercial-road. The funeral was conducted in as private a
manner as possible, and the cortege consisted simply
of a hearse and one mourning coach, in the latter of
which were a brother-in-law, a cousin, and two per-
sonal friends of the deceased. The rights of burial
were performed by the Rev. Mr. Moore, a Catholic
priest.
The jury assembled at eleven o'clock, and havir g
all answered to their names,
Mr. William Asher Keating was then called. He
said—l am a clerk in the Examiner's office in the
Custom-house. I _ knew the deceased, Patrick
O'Connor. I have frequently seen him write, and
know his handwriting. I have been acquainted with
him since 1839, something more than ten years. He
was a gauger in her Majesty's Customs. I heard
of his death on the day the body was found. I last
saw Mr. O'Connor on the evening of Thursday—to
the best of my recollection about a quarter to five
o clock ; that is a fortnight yesterday. He
was at that time on London-bridge, coming
from the City to the Surrey side. I spoke
to him. He appeared very well, and in
good health and spirits. There was another officer
of his with me at the time, and he spoke to him first.
I was in conversation with him about two minutes.
He showed that officer, Mr. Graham, a letter, but I
did not see the contents of it. I saw the name on it,
which caused me to make a remark. The name ap-
peared to be that of the writer; it was Maria some-
thing. Mr. Graham said, " I suppose your are going
to dine at Maria's ?" The deceased replied " Yes;
at least I was under the impression when I left him
that he was going to dine with Maria. I had
some knowledge as to who Maria was. I understood
the name Maria to be that of Mrs. Manning. I
knew the street where she lived, but I did not know
the number of the house. It was New Weston-
street, Bermondsey. No person was in his company
when I met him on the bridge. I have met this
female, Maria, walking with the deceased, and I have
also seen her at his house. I believe I should know
' her again if I saw her. A gentleman in the Regis-
trar's office in the Custom-house, whose name I
don't know, said that he had seen Mr. O'Connor
the same evening further oa towards Guy's
Hospital. I have heard two or three reports that he
had been seen afterwards, but I do not know it as a I
fact. He was absent from duty the next day
(Friday). I did not see him on duty on Friday ;
but from our duties being different, it was not likely
that I should see him on that day. Mr. Graham is
not here, not having been summoned, but he said he
would come if sent for. I called at the deceased's
lodgings on Saturday morning, and found that he
had not been there on the previous day.
Mr. John Youpghusband was next examined—
I am a gauger in her Majesty's Customs, living at
46, Peckham-grove, Camberwell. I knew Mr.
Patrick O'Connor; he was stationed with me once
a twelvemonth. I saw him last on Thursday
week, in the evening, about a quarter to six, in Grace-
church-street. I was riding outside an omnibus on
my way home. Mr. O'Connor was walking very
slow indeed, in a direetion towards the City, and was
looking round him at the time. He did not recognise
me. That was the last time I ever saw Mr. O'Connor
alive. I would not meet him the next day, for he was
at the London Docks and I was at St. Katharine's
Docks. There is a book left in the inspector's office
in which the officers on duty sign their names, and
the deceased's name does not appear in it on Friday.
I remarked that the deceased was particularly neat
and clean when I saw him.

Mr. Thomas Wheatley, a locker in the Customs, said
he knew the deceased, and saw him a month
ago. He thought he saw him on the 12th,
but could not swear that it was him.

Henry Barnes, police-constable, 256 K division,
said, in consequence of some information which I
received on Friday week last, I went, in company
with police-constable Burton, of the M division, to
No, 3, Minver-place, New Weston street. Burton
had the key of the house in his possession, and he un-
locked the door, and we went in. We looked into
the front and back parlours, and then in the front
kitchen. We then went into the back kitchen,
which is on a level with the front kitchen,
and is underground. That kitchen is paved over
with large flags. I found the four rooms quite
empty. I observed a damp mark round the edges of
two of the stones, which induced us to take out our
knives and to try the mortar. We found it wet. I
then told Burton that I should not be satisfied until
those two flags were taken up. We then got a
shovel, a crowbar, and a boat-hook, and
raised up one of the stones—the smallest
of the two. I then remarked that the stone
had not been laid by a regular mason, for he would
have placed mortar only round the edge of the stone.
Instead of mortar being placed only round the edge,
the whole surface under it was covered with mortar.
We removed the other flag, and there was the same
appearance underneath it. At the depth of twelve
inches we found a linen rag; it was about the size of
my two hands, and I took it up .and smelt it. I re-
member that it smelt something like a dead body, and
I said to Burton that if we proceeded with
our search we should find the dead body.
We continued digging, and I saw some-
thing else, which I thought was another piece of
rag. I pulled it and shook it. I found it was the
toe of a man, and I said to Burton, " Here is the toe
of O'Connor." Burton was about to leave to get
more assistance, but I told him to wait a moment,
and'l thought I should be able to show him the whole
foot. After exposing more of the body, Burton
went to get assistance, and I went on digging, and
soon came to the deceased's loins. The body was
lying on its face, and was embedded in slack lime.
The legs were tied up with a strong cord
to his haunches. Before :the body was
, removed Mr. Lockwood, the surgeon, came in, and I
saw him take from the mouth a set of false teeth,

which he washed. The body was taken out and re•
moved into the front kitchen. It was quite naked,
•-! r.:-;11 i,w,l E^. r; 0: ad ft
Lacti ye d, and wa.;
a sergeant of the M division and Mr. Lockwood, wno
showed me a bullet which had been taken from the
head of the body. 1 did not myself examine the
body closely before taking it into the front kitchen.
We locked up the body in the front kitchen
and left the house. The body was examined by
another surgeon before it was taken from the hole.
I did not measure the hole, but I should say that the
depth from the flags to the lime was about eighteen
inches. The body was covered to that depth with
earth, but immediately above and below it it was
covered with lime. Mr. Flynn, a gentleman from the
City, identified the body as that of Patrick O'Connor.
In consequence of the identification, I endeavoured
to find Mr. and Mrs. Manning. On the morning of
the same day I went to Greenwood-street, Mile End-
road, O'Connor's lodging, where I was shown a
box. Mr. Flynn and Mr. Keating, I, and some
others, were there on the Monday previous, and the
box was then forced open by Mr. Flynn.
(The witness was under examination when our
report left.)

CRIMINAL COURT:7(THIS DAY.)

OLD COURt.
(Before Mr. Justice ERLE.)

FORGERlEB.—Frederick Wm. Pentlow, 36, a clerk, was
indicted for forgery and embezzlement. The indictment
contained three counts, the first was for feloniously
forging and uttering an order for the sum of 901. 10s. 6d.,
with intent to defraud John Squire and others ; the
second for embezzling and stealing the sum of 301., and
21. 12s. 4d. the property of Stephen Lancaster Lucena,
his master ; and the third for three charges of stealing
orders for the payment of money, the property of Ste-
phen Lancaster Lucena.
The prisoner had pleaded not guilty.
Mr. BALLANTINE, who now appeared for the prisoner,
said his client wished to withdraw his plea of not guilty,
and substitute that of guilty for it. He might
add that up to this offence the prisoner had
borne an excellent character, and as this
was not exactly what might be termed a
forgery to defraud the commercial world, he hoped the
Court would not visit him with the punishment that
attached to such a crime.

Mr. CLARKSON, who attended for the prosecution, ob.
served that the prisoner had filled a situation of trust in
the service of Mr. Lucena, a solicitor, and one of the
charges was that he had embezzled 301. which had been
paid to him to settle an action at law, in which Mr. Lucena
was concerned for the defence. The money, however,
was never applied to that purpose, and judgment having
passed against Mr. Lucena's client, it had placed that
gentleman in a very painful position, and he could not,
under all the circumstances of the case, join in any re-
commendation to mercy.
Mr. Justice ERLE sentenced the prisoner to 12 years'
transportation.
MURDER.—Elizabeth Wardle, aged 19, was indicted
for the wilful murder of her female infant.

Mr. Ballantine prosecuted and Mr. Clarkson defended
the prisoner.
The child was found in a privy attached to the house
of the prisoner's mother in Church-lane, St. Pancras,
but it was doubtful whether it had been placed there, or
whether it came there in a natural way. A policeman,
however, stated, that in the way to the St.
Pancras Workhouse, the prisoner, who had
acknowledged being the mother, said she threw
the child down the privy. The mother of the
prisoner, who also accompanied her to the workhouse,
denied this.
Mr. Justice ERLE put it to the jury whether the
evidence made out the charge in the indictment, re-
minding them that it not untrequently happened that a
woman with her first child mistook the pains of labour
for a disordered stomach.
The jury acquitted the prisoner.

DEATH OF MEHEMET ALI.
ALEXANDRIA, AUG. 9.—His Highness Mehemet Ali
PeOla r'•ii,cl Alex9r,driq on the 2ri inst., And on the fol-

lowiul2: list body tt4ton up to U:=iro, \Niter,:
burl d on the 4th, in the new alabaster mosque built by
himself in the eitaeel.

The procession from the palace at Ras eletren to the
canal was attended by a great concourse of people, the
Eurcpean Connrls in uniform, with many of the
European residents, and a great number of troops with
arms reversed. Oa emerging from the palace the coffin
was hid at the foot of the grand marble staircase, the
attendants gathered round, and the chief mufti, a vener-
able old man, advanced, raised his hands amidst pro-
found silence, repeated three times, with a pause for
mental reflection between each, "Allah hoo akbar" (God
is great) ; after which he twice repeated " &dam al.ey-
houn" (Peace be with you); and then the procession
started, the p'incipal officers and grandees emulating
each other for the honour of carrying
the coffin on !heir
shoulders. On passing the harem, a separate building a
little to the north of the palace, the shrieks and lamenta-
tions of the women were most piercing. Twenty-six
buffaloes were killed and distributed among the poor,
with 26 camel loads of bread and dates, and a consider-
able sum of money.
At Cairo there was no ceremony attending the con-
veyance of the Pasha's body from the Nile to the final
resting-place, and even Abbas Pasha, the present
Viceroy, joined the funeral only at the mosque.
Mehemet Ali's first severe illness occurred in Ja-
nuary, 1848, when he proceeded to Malta and Naples,
where having rallied a little he returned to Egypt .
April, improved in bodily health, but with his constitu-
tion shattered and his mental faculties totally pros-
trated. His appearance had undergone a complete
change; his eyes had lost that searching and intelli-
gent look for which his Highness was so remarkable;.
his cheeks were shrunk and his voice was quite feeble.
His medical men having then declared his total unfit-
ness to attend to the affairs of the country,
the late
Ibrahim Pasha assumed the reins of government,. and
at his death was succeeded by Abbas Pasha.
From that time until within a few weeks of his death
Mehemet Ali took his daily drive in his carriage, and
lived in his palace in the same style he was wont to
do, but none but his immediate attendants were per-
mitted to approach him. He is sincerely regretted
both by the European residents and the natives of Egypt.
Mehemet Ali was born in the town of Cavalla, in
Roumelia, the ancient Macedonia. In Mahommedan
countries the natives keep no reckoning of their age, and
the Pasha could not tell precisely what his own was, but
he was easily flattered into the belief that he was born in
the same year that gave birth to the two most illustrious
heroes of the present era—Napoleon Bonaparte and the
Duke of Wellington-1769, thus making him at his death
of the age of 80 years, which may be considered correct
within a year or two.
Mehemet Ali first commenced life as a tobacconist in
his native town, but he afterwards volunteered into the
army, to which his taste was more congenial. In his
new career he soon obtained high favour with the
Governor of Cavalla by his efficient assistance in quell
ing a rebellion and dispersing a band of pirates, and on
the death of his commanding officer he was appointed
to succeed him, and married his widow.
In 1799 the town of Cavalla having been called upon
by the Sultan to provide its contingent of 300 men for
the expulsion of the French from Egypt, the governor
sent the required number, headed by his son, with Me-
hemet Ali under his orders; but shortly after landing at
Aboukir the son returned to Roumelia and left Mehemet
Ali in command. In all the engagements with the
French Mehemet Ali distinguished himself by his con-
duct and valour. He rapidly rose in rank, and his lofty
spirit gained him a strong ascendancy over the minds of
his soldiers.

After the evacuation of Egypt by the French in Sep.
(ember, 1801, the Sultan appointed Mohammed Kilos-
nw Viceroy of Egypt, who has since been several times
Prime Minister at Constantinople, and between whom
and Mehemet Ali there always existed an inveterate
hatred.

The Mamelukes were at that time actively engaged in
endeavouring to recover their ascendancy, which had
been overthrown by the French, and the two principal
Mameluke Beys, Osman Bardissy and Mohammed Dry,
came to an engagement with the Turkish army and de-
feated it. Mehemet Ali, with his troop of Albanians,
was under the orders of Khoorshid Pasha, but, for some
reason or other, took no part in the battle. The Turkish
General irritated at his defeat, complained of Mehemet
Ali to Khosrew, who summoned him to his presence;
he refused to attend, and took advantage of an insurrec-
tion which then occurred among the Albanian troops to
join the Mamelukes under Osman Bardissy. In 1803 he
attacked Khosrew at Damietta, and brought him pri-
soner to Cairo. The Porte then sent to Egypt Ali
Gezairli Pasha to replace Khosrew Pasha, but he was
still less fortunate than his predecessor, for he was put
to death by the Mamelukes soon after his arrival.
In 1804 the army, under the Mameluke Bardissy,
became clamorous for its arrears of pay, an insurrection
ensued, the Bey's house was attacked by the infuriated
soldiers, and he had to make a hasty retreat from
Cairo. Mehemet Ali, strengthened in the affections of
the troops, had clandestinely fostered this insurrection,
but, not thinking his time yet come, he sent Khosrew,
his prisoner, back to Constantinople, and judiciously ap-
pointed Khoorshid Pasha, then Governor of Alexandria,
Viceroy of Egypt.
The position of the new Viceroy was very embarrass-
ing, as the Albanians and his own troops still persisted
in their demands for pay, which it ,was entirely out of
his power to satisfy. A new and formidable insurrec-
tion broke out, and Kboorshid's soldiers put Cairo to the
sack. The inhabitants of the town were in the utmost
alarm, they deposed Khoorshid Pacha, addressed them-
selves to Mehemet Ali for protection, and made him
Viveroy.
Mehemet Ali was installed in the Pashalic of Egypt
in 1806, on condition that he should send to the Sultan
4,000 purses, which represented at that time the sum of
about 240,0001. sterling. The Pashalic of Egypt was
then commonly called the Pashalic of Cairo, and it ex-
tended only to Middle Egypt and the Delta; Upper
Egypt being diviled into several districts, administered
by the Mameluke Beys, and Alexandria, with a part of
the western province, by a Pasha independent of the
Pasha of Cairo. A few months after the installation of
Mehemet Ali in the Pashalic of Egypt the Porte con-
sented to give him also the Pashalic of Alexandria as a
reward for the services he had rendered to the Ottoman
Empire in 1807, on the occasion of the evacuation of
Lower Egypt and the city of Alexandria by the English.
The first step Mehemet Ali took to secure his power
was to satisfy the demands of the troops. He repre-
sented to the inhabitants of Cairo that it was
at their request that he had assumed the com-
mand, and that, to avoid further disturbances,
the wants of the army should be satisfied. He therefore
levied contributions, which were readily paid, and be
appeased the soldiers, who thus became attached to his
person.
In 1808 Mehemet Ali received orders from the Porte
to attack and disperse the Wahabees, a fanatical sect ce
the Mohammedan religion, who had pillaged the holy
cities of Mecca and Medina. Before engaging in this
war and drawing his troops out of Egypt, the Viceroy
determined upon putting a final end to the power of his
old allies, the Mamelukes; for although the two chiefs
were dead, there still remained a strong number who
had it in their power to annoy him. Accordingly, on
the Ist of March, 1811, the Mamelukes were invited in
a body to the citadel at Cairo to attend at the investi-
ture of the Viceroy's son Toussoon, as chief of the ex
pedition against the Wahabees. When the ceremony
was over the Mamelukes mounted their horses, but on
reaching the citadel gates they found them closed, and a
sudden discharge of musketry, from soldiers placed on
the walls, completely annihilated them. A great many
Mamelukes were put to death at the same time in the
provinces. It has been computed that 470, with
their chief, Ibrahim Bey, perished in the citadel ; and
in the city and throughout the country no less than 1,200
were killed. Thus ended the power of these formidable
chiefs, who had kept Egypt in a state of anarchy and
warfare ever since the year 1382.
After the destruction of the Mamelukes, Mehemet Ali
made himself master of Upper Egypt; he obtained from
the Sublime Porte the government of that part of the
country, and at the same time considerably increased
the land-tax and the duties of Customs on the internal
trade.

In the autumn of 1811 Mehemet Ali sent his army
into Arabia against the Wahabees. This war lasted six
years, cost the Viceroy immense sums of money and a
great number of men, and was finally brought to a close
by Ibrahim Pasha. In 1813 Mehemet Ali himself went
to the Hedjaz for a time to hasten the result of the ex-
pedition. During his absence, the Porte, jealous of his
power, secretly appointed Lateef Paella Viceroy of
Egypt, but Mohammed Bey, Mehemet Ali's Minister of
War, pretending to enter into the views of Lateef Pasha,
engaged him to declare himself publicly Viceroy of
Egypt, and then decapitated him.
In 1815 Mehemet Ali, convinced of the great advan-
tages of discipline and military tactics in the art of war-
fare, resolved upon haying his army properly drilled,
but his soldiers were very averse to this measure, and
threatened an insurrection. lie therefore sent his mu-
tinous troops into Ethiopia under his third son, Ishmael
Pasha, who, on that occasion, conquered the provinces
of Dongola, Berber, Shondy, Sennaar, and Cordofan,
whilst he raised a new army, which was drilled by
French and Italian officers. Ile then offered the Sultan
to assist in quelling the Greek insurrection against the
Porte, and on the 16th of July, 1824, Mehemet Ali's
fleet, consisting of 163 vessel, sailed for the Mores,
under the command of Ibrahim Pasha, who for three
years kept the country in subjection, but was obliged to
retire after the battle of Navarino, on the 20th of Octo-
ber 1827.
In 1830 the Porte conferred upon Mehemet Ali tl'e
administration of the island of Caudill.
Mehemet Ali then turned his thoughts to obtaining
possession of Syria, and 6,000 Egyptians having emi-
grated to that country, he demanded the restitution of
them from Abdallah Pasha, then Governor of Acre.
The reply he obtained was, that the emigrants were
subjects of the Sublime Porte, and that they were in
the Sultan's dominions as well in Syria as in Egypt.
The Viceroy, enraged at this answer, sent him word
that he himself would come and take his 6,000 subjects
and one man more." Accordingly, on the 2d of Nov.
1831, Mehemet Ali sent into Syria a powerful army,
under the command of his son, Ibrahim Pasha, who in
a few months reduced the whole country to submission.
On this the Porte declared Mehemet Ali a rebel, and
sent a strong army into Syria; but Ibrahim Pasha's
troops invariably overcame the Sultan's, and several
important battles were fought, which insured to the
Egyptians the possession of the country. The
European Powers interfered, and,
under their
guarantee, p( ace was signed on the 14th of May,
1833, Syria and the district of Adana were ceded to
Mehemet Ali, in conjunction with the Pashalic of Egypt,
on his acknowledging himself a vassal of the Sultan, and
engaging to remit to the Porte the same tribute as the
former Pashas of Syria. According to this arrangement
Mehemet "Ali paid for Egypt 12,000 purses; Syria and

Adana 18,000 purses ; and Candia 2,000 purses ;
making together 32,000 purses, or 160,0001. sterling
per annum.

t. .t "‘IT en!i,s• s f
Syria until 1639, Dui, tbc Porte ci,,,tavd very it,ucit tht:
occupation of that country by the 'Viceroy of Egypt, so
that after organizing an army and a strong fleet in the
beginning of 1839, the Sultan Mahmoud sent his troops
into Syria under the command of Ilifiz Pasha to expel
the Egyptiaus; but Ibrahim Pasha proved too powerful
for him, and the Turkish army had to retreat. England,
Austria, Russia, and Prussia, then, in conjunction with
the Porte, signed a treaty on the 15th of July, 1849, and
informed Mehemet Ali that he was no longer to remain
in Syria; but the Viceroy, confiding in the promised
assistance of the French, seemed determined to keep the
country.
England therefore sent a formal demand to the
Viceroy for the restitution of the Turkish fleet, which
had been brought into the port of Alexandria by the
treachery of the Turkish Admiral, but his Highness
gave evasive answers, and referred to the Sultan. In
the meantime he strained his utmost powers to increase
his army, and formed throughout Egypt the National
Guard, in which all the male inhabitants were made to
serve.

The allied powers, finding that the Viceroy would not
evacuate Syria by fair means, determined upon driving
him out by force. The first engagement took place on
the 10th of October, 1840, near Beyrout, when the Egyp-
tian army was completely routed and the town taken.
Caiffa and Saida were bombarded in the same month,
Tripoli and Tarsous soon followed, and on the 3d of No-
vember of the same year the bombardment and taking of
Acre in the short space of four hours must have con-
vinced Mehemet Ali that any further resistance was
useless. The town of Alexandria was blockaded by an
English squadron ; still Mehemet Ali was not inclined
to submit, as he entertained hopes that France would
come to his aid, but in the end he found he could no
longer temporize, and acceded to the terms proposed,
the hereditary Pashalie of Egypt in his own family being
secured to him.

It was during the period that the English were at-
tacking his troops in Syria and blockading Alexandria
that Mehemet Ali behaved so magnanimously towards
England by allowing the India mails to proceed as usual
through Egypt unmolested.
The withdrawal of the Egyptian troops from Syria
commencwomened i na
oDd eoche
iml
dbreere,
thetloBo4ko, w
rhenoe
dso4iot
hooe
Dm
ee
sne
rat nt do
the opposition they encountered on their march,
not 25,000 reached Egypt. Ibrahim Pasha pro-
ceeded by sea from Gaza with the sick and
February,wo u odd e,
1841,a0d
landedwhilst
the et Damiettaremainderon the 2
of
the
troops
po
sf
marched by El Arish. Before the evacuation of
Syria, the Egyptian army consisted of 85,000 men ;
of these only 33,000 returned to their country.: Ad-
miral Walker, belonging to the Turkish navy, in the
name of the Sultan took command of the Turkish fleet
in the port of Alexandria, and sailed for Constantinople
on the 11th of January, 1841. At the same time the
Egyptian troops were withdrawn from the island of
Candia, the Iledjaz, and the two holy cities, and these
countries were restored to the authority of the Sublime
Porte.

The firman sent by the Sultan to Mehemet Ali was
dated from Constantinople, the 13th of February, 1841,
and, after some modifications, was finally accepted by
Mehemet Ali on the 10th of June, 1841. The following
are the conditions on which Mehemet Ali was granted
the hereditary Pashalie of Egypt:-
1. The succession to the Government of Egypt within
its ancient boundaries to descend in a direct line in Me•
hemet Ali's male posterity, from the elder to the elder,
among the sons and grandsons—the nomination to be
made by the Sublime Porte.
2. The Pasha of Egypt to rank as a Vizier of the
Ottoman Empire, without having in this character, with
the exception of hereditary right, any other prerogative
than those enjoyed by other viziers.
3. All treaties entered into between the Sublime
Porte and the European Powers are to apply to Egypt
as well as to any other part of the Ottoman Empire.
4. The Pasha has authority to coin his own money
in Egypt, but the coins are to bear the name of the
Sultan.

5. The standing army of Egypt is to be composed of
18,000 men, and 400 men are to be sent yearly to Con-
stantinople,

6. The. Viceroy of Egypt has the right to appoint
officers of the land and sea forces up to the rank of
colonel and below that of general of brigade, but a
general of brigade being a Pasha, the Porte alone can
name Pashas.

7. The Viceroy of Egypt cannot build vessels of war
without authority from the Sublime Porte.
8. The yearly tribute payable by the Pasha of Egypt
to the Sublime Porte, fixed at 2,000,000 dolls., has since
been reduced to a million and a third of Spanish pillared
dollars, about 270,0004 sterling.
9. The hereditary title is liable to revocation should
any of Mehemet Ali's successors infringe any of the
aforesaid conditions.

The Sublime Porte also granted to Mehemet Ali,
without the hereditary succession, the Government of
the provinces of Nubia, Darfour, Sennaar, and Cordo-
fan, and all the territories annexed thereto, situate out of
Egypt.
The Pasha of Egypt differs from the other Pashas of
the Ottoman Empire in that the former collects the re-
venues himself, whilst the law of the empire is that
Pashas are not to collect the revenues.

Until last year Mehemet Ali enjoyed a very strong
constitution; his stature was short, and his features
formed an agreeable and animated physiognomy, with a
searching look, expressive of cunning, nobleness, and
amiability. He always stood very upright, and it was
remarkable, from its being unusual among Turks, that
he was in the habit of walking up and down in his apart-
ments. He was most simple in his dress and cleanly in
his person. He was very fond of playing at billiards,
chess, draughts, and cards. In his latter years he be-
came very merciful and humane, and generally forgave
the greatest faults.
The only language ho spoke was Turkish; he under-
stood Arabic, but did not like to speak it. The late
Viceroy did not observe the tenets ot the Mohammedan
religion with any rigour, and never cared about fasting
in the month of Ramazan. He showed the greatest
toleration for all religions, and for this, considering the
strong innate bigotry which prevails among Turks, he
deserves the greatest praise. He was the first Moham-
medan ruler who granted real protection to Christians,
raised them to the highest ranks, and made some of
ahem his most intimate friends. His freedom from
superstition was as remarkable as his toleration in reli-
gion, and in many instances he shook off the yoke of
those absurd prejudices to which all those of his faith
humbly bow their heads.
Mehemet Ali's second son, after the late Ibrahim
Pasha, was Toussoon Pasha, born at Cavalla, who left
an only son, Abbas Pasha, born in 1813, at present
Viceroy of Egypt. Toussoon Pasha died of the plague
at the camp ot Damanhour in 1816.

CHEERING ACCOUNTS FROM
AUSTRALIA.
(From the Caledonian Mercury.)
We elsewhere insert some remarks from the Sydney
Morning Herald, the most influential journal in that
quarter, written under date of 6th April last, and an-
nouncing the cheering tidings of a revival of the com-
merce of this important colony. It will be seen that the
depression at home, aggravated, as it seems to be, by the
political convulsions in France, Germany, and Italy, in
due season reached the Australian colonies, the commerce
of which depends so much on the state of affairs at home.
The mistrust created by the storm that was raging over
Europe, and following close on the commercial crisis of
autumn 1848, soon caused a suspension in the demand for
the wool and other ample produce of the flocks of Austra-
lia, which became depreciated in the hands of the colo-
nists to a ruinous extent. In short, the enterprising colo-
nists, like their fellow subjects at home, found themselves
caught in the ebb tide, and have' had a hard struggle to
sustain their credit. Happily the intelligence from Europe
so far back as December 1848, the period to which the
writer in the Sydney Herald refers, had produced a fa-
vourable change in the colony. The prospect of a de-
mand in the European markets tor the produce of Aus-
tralia had restored the confidence and quickened the
energies of the colonists. Their hopes were further
elevated by the arrival of four vessels with emigrants to
the number of one thousand, while six other vessels
were reported on their passage for Sydney, exclusive of
the vessels destined for Southern Australia. To a coiony
which, according to the evidence of Mr. B. Boyd, one of
the most intelligent and influential of the colonial mer-
chants and proprietors, can annually absorb the labour
of 10,000 men in tending the natural accession to the
sheep and cattle, the importance of this emigration need
not be enlarged upon. But in addition to the pastoral
labour, which affords such a ready outlet to the emi-
grants, there are vast mineral resources which have been
discovered in South Australia, and which only require
time to bo properly developed. But, in the meantime,
it is satisfactory to learn that the commerce of the colony
was, at the last accounts, steadily recovering from the
shock of the political convulsion in the old world, and,
ere this, we trust that the prospects have still further
brightened.

COURT CIRCULAR.
BALMORAL, AUG. 21.
Her Majesty and the Prince walked out in the grounds
of Balmoral this morning.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, attended
by Mr. Birch, rode out on horseback.
Sir James Clark has returned to Balmoral from Birk
Hall.
Dr. Robertson will join the Royal dinner party this
evening.

Sir George Grey has arrived at his seat, Falloden,
Alnwick, Northumberland, from Balmoral.
The Countess of Minto arrived in town on Wednes-
day night.
Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office from the Governors of Hong-Kong, Ceylon, West
Australia, and South Australia.

ROYAL ORTIIOP2EDIC HOSPITAL.—A half-yearly
general meeting of the governors and patrons of this
charity was held yesterday afternoon at the hospital.
Bloomsbury-square. The report of the committee an-
nounced that a gratifying increase had taken place in
the funds of the institution during the last year, but still
the institution was quite inadequate to meet the nume-
rous applications for relief daily made to it. The out-
patients alone were increasing at the rate of 40 per
week ;_ that was, that 40 fresh applications were made
weekly, and the in-door accommodation had been greatly
extended. The total numbur of patients admitted dui ing
the past half-year, up to the 22d instant, amounted to
765, being an increase of 24 over the previous half-year,
and making a total admitted since the opening of the
charity of 8,585. The report was received and adopted
and the court separated.

PROTECTION.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Edinburgh Review has nailed this voca-
ble io Its ae,ual and, indeed, it is a point of
philology worth considering, even at the risk of beit:g
tedious. To suppose that protection of poor People is
intended, would be a violent catachresis : as well
might we say, that as respect is good, therefore " re-
spect of persons" is good also. To be resi.cci,ful is
well, but not to " respect persons"—reflection is. g ►od,
but not to "throw reflections" on others. We are
desired to protect the waterfowl in St. James's Park,
but in a very different sense the Duke of Wellington
spoke of protecting pilots, by employing them in fine
weather. And, then, as to the Act for protection of
women, that masterpiece of legislativeness and states
manlikeship—say rather, protection of Sophy Dawes,
by M. de Conde, and published letters from a Queen
of France, entreating to be protected by her in re-
turn. So Madame de Munoz, and the Countess de
Lansfeldt, under the protection of their respective
friends,

" Till the o'erstrung
Nations have arm'd in madness—the strange fate
Which tumbles mightiest sov'reigns, and hath flung
Against their blind omnipotence a weight
Within the opposing scale which crushes soon or late;
Such might have been Her destiny, but Bel—
Our hearts refute it; and so young, so fair,
Good without effort, great without a foe I"
Since we have rejected the principle of protection,
which, in fact, is a specious euphemism for corrup-
tion, how different is the scene which England offers!
The celebrated picture of national honour, in the
Henriade, would seem painted for Queen Victoria.
" Aux murs de Westminster on voit paraitre ensemble
Trois pouvoirs etonnes du rceud qui lea rassemble—
Les deputes du peuple, et les Brands, et le roi,
d' intetet, riiunis par la loi,
Tous trois membres sactes de ce corps invincible
Dangereux A lui-meme, d ses voisins terrible.
Heureux, lorsque le peuple instrait de son devoir
Respecte autant qu'il doit le souverain pouvoir !
Plus bereux, lorsqu' un roi doux, juste et politique
Respecte autant qu'il doit la libertti publique!
Ah!' s'6eria Bourbon quand pourront les Francais
Voir d'un refine aussi beau fleurir les saintes loix?'
Duel exemple pour vous, monarques de la terre!
Une Feninie a ferme les portes de la guerre
But to return from this metrical digression : the
inventor of protection in the strict modern accepta- I
tion of the term—in its second intention—was Col-
bert, styled grand perhaps because he was, too grand
to listen to laissez-faire and laissez-passer. When
Louis XIV. used to demur at some protective
duty in favour of a particular set of people, Colbert
made answer to his King, simply and seriously,
" They have paid so much." Colbert, as described by
the usual authorities, " had a low, dejected mien,
stern, gloomy, and morose :" and no wonder, for be
had many ladies as well as merchants under his pro-
tection.

The theory and practice are admirably described by
Le Sage, in " Gil Blas." The Count Duc de Lerme
protects colonial produce for the sake of his friend
and protege, "Je vois, Monsieur Gil Blas, que vous
avez ete un peu picard :" but the Count Duke liked
him all the better for this gusto picaresco. In a
similar manner, Monsieur Gil Bias protects Don
Raphael and the son of Seraphina (filius
Lerma died of coma vigil, and spectres. D'Oli-
varez, also protecting minister, also died of spectres
twenty years after. So perish Protection! Respiee
finem !
Hear Lord Nugent in 1842 :—" I for one happen
to know, that when Canning paid his last never-to-
be.forgotten visit to Bath, where poor Lord Liver-
pool sought, but found not, a cure for the distraction
of his mind, he acknowledged to his friends he was
powerless without the people." Now, if the excellent
Liverpool had " protected " the Irish mean from
" competition," by " exclusion " of land-jobbers and
removers of land-marks, or if he had stamped eject-
ments with a " duty amounting to prohibition," he
might have died full of y ears and honours. Class
legislation properly speaking is good—what is good
for one class is good for all.
".2liqek paupL.ribus prodest, locupletibus
Jlique neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit."
We protected (and paid tribute to) the sugar-
boilers in Mincing-lane against the slave-owners—
because Lord H. and his Titan sons had many
boroughs : these slave-owners we protected, paying
them tribute, against Portuguese who had done us no
harm, merely to keep up right of search and mare
clausum. Also we protected even our manufac-
tures against the same Wrest Indians, and against the
Americans, whose independence Lord Grey ascribed
to our navigation-laws. These are not classes—this
not class-legislation—it is set-legislation, coterie, click
or clack and cabal, caucus-0, Heavens I—Cacus-
legislation.
Then, one bears of "protecting the 'gold," as if
gold could ever want gentlemen to elope with ; and
here let me observe it would be well if vices of cor-
porate bodies were no more than aggregate vices of
individuals, for if so the tendency in all human
affairs to oligarchy would be less fatal. The Bank,
however, protects the gold. Ladies and children are
taken down into the vaults with candlesticks of a
particular make, as if to see Pluto himself. But is
this "the immovable anchor in •secretest and serenest
depths of ocean to which the weal of England
is moored ?"—ls this the roof-tree of British
Empire ? What is it but corpus delicti
of the most gigantic fraud ever known to be
attempted ? Riches have wings. All this gold
flew of to buy Lousyana scrip for Sydney Smith and
others. All this gold is managed " according to a
variety of indications—sometimes by the individual
opinions of directors," possibly bankrupt, " and by
the bills drawn by persons connected with—the cora
trade." Wheel within wheel I Mr. Tooke, a person
of more tact than candour, decided that the oozing
" of gold does not depend on any excess of circula-
tion, but on some casual payments which must be made
in metals." So are we governed by epithets; such
are our casual payments—l'inipromptu fait a loisir.
Henri IV. made a van that every peasant might have
" la poule au pot les dimanches."
Vive Henri Qua-titre I
Ce roi vaillant !
Ce vert galant !
Mort a Goderique ! He gave every poor man a
bit of gold in his pocket, and shuffled the poule into
his own pot !—I have the honour, &c.,
11. C. ARGENT.

VISIT of the COUNT and COUNTESS of
NE DILLY (late KING and QUEEN of the
FRENCH) to the LORD MAYOR.
Yesterday the Right lion. the Lord Mayor and the
Lady Alayoress were honoured with a visit from the
Count and Countess de Neuilly at the Mansion-house.
At the request of Louis Philippe the reception was as
private as it could have been made under the circum-
stances; but notwithstanding the peremptory orders
of the Chief Magistrate, it soon became known in the
vicinity of his Lordship's residence that the illustrious
strangers were his guests.
In order to give the late King and Queen of the
French some idea of the magnificent room in which
the hospitality of the Lord Mayor of London is prin
cipally displayed, his Lordship caused the Egyptian-
hall to be decorated, the Mansion-house plate tol be
f
exhibited, and the tables to be laid out theisntom sktrier
splendour to which they have beenw%cu. d
the present mayoralty_ Ihe dra g room. and the
lofty corridor were prepared for the reception of the I
illustrious guests with equal care, and in the long
parlour a dejei;ner a la fourchette was laid, consisting
of every delicacy of the season, and of wines of the
finest quality.
Louis Philippe having intimated by letter to the
Lord Mayor that he would drive down to the Man-
sion-house at half-past two o'clock, his Lordship in-
vited the following distinguished persons to meet their
late Majesties:—
The Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Bank
of England, the Chairman of the East India Company,
the Deputy-Chairman of the East India Company,
the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Mr. Masterman,
M.P., and Miss Masterman, Mr. Hume, M.P., Mr.
Samuel Gurney, Mr. H. C. Hoare and family, Mr.
Cubitt, M.P.' Mr. C. Pearson, M.P., Aldermen Sir
G. Carroll, Gibbs, Musgrove, Challis, Moon, and
Lawrence ; Mr. Sheriff Goodhart, Mr. Sheriff Elect
Nicoll, Mr. Hill, the Lord Mayor's chaplain, and
Mrs. Cattley, Sir E. N. Buxton, M.P. Mr. Master-
man, jun., Mr. Henry and Miss Brandling, and Mr.
John Laurie, &c.

At the appointed time the Count and Countess de
Neuilly, accompanied by the Duchesse d'Orleans, the
Comte de Paris, and the Comte de Chartres, and
attended by the Duchesse de Marisier, the Marquise
de Vins, General the Comte de Chabannes, General
the Comte de Dumas, and Colonel the
theComteMan-
sion-house, e
Montguyon, arrived at the ofprivatedoorby the Lord
sion-house, where they were receivedadst the cheers of '
Mayor and the Lady Mayoress, m
a multitude who had assembledpbiliinppCe. The harlotte-row to
welcome the venerable Loti_s
sword-
bearer, the mace-bearer, and the marshal, attended in
their state dresses, ando the illustrious guests entered 1
apparen
.y delighted by the earnest
the building
warmth of their reception.
The Count and Countess de Neuilly, after having
visited the justice-room in which the magisterial
duties of the Mayoralty aril performed, entered the
Egyptian hall, from which the light of day had been
almost excluded, for the purpose of displaying with
greater effect the skill with which the gas is intro-
duced into that noble building. They expressed the
highest admiration of the magical power with which
his Lordship, by a motion of his hand, turned the
darkness into the most brilliant light, and placed before
their eyes the magnificent ornaments of the hall of the
Mayor of London.

At three o'clock it was announced that the dijellner
was ready, and the Lord Mayor conducted the
Countess de Neuilly (preceded by the sword bearer
and the mace-bearer) into the long parlour, followed
by the Count de Neuilly, who conducted the Lady
Mayoress, and the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, who
conducted the Duchess d'Orleans.

ft

The LORD MAYOR proposed " The health of her
Majesty the Queen and his Royal highness Prince
Albert," which was drunk with the customary
honours.

His Lordship then proposed " The health of the
Count and Countess de Neuilly, the' Duchess of
Orleans, the Count de Paiis, and the Duke do
Chartres," who had honoured him by visiting the
INiansion•house. He regretted that he was prevented
by the request of his principal guest from more
strongly indicating the high respect he entertnined
for so illustrious a man—a man who could not but be
illustrious under any circumstances, adverse or pros-
perous, by which he might be surrounded.—(Cheers.)
The Count de Neuilly said, he felt deeply grateful
for the honour done him by the Lord Mayor and
the company by whom he was surrounded, and it
was with the greatest pleasure he proposed the
"Health of his Lordship, and Prosperity to the city
of London."—(Cheers.) - .

Soon after fcur o'clock the Count and Countess de
Neuilly, the Duchess d'Orleans, the Count de Paris,
and the Duke de Chartres, took leave of the Lord
Mayor and the Lady Mayoress. They were accom-
panied to the door in the same form and with the
same ceremony which awaited them upon their en-
trance. The moment they entered their carriages
the crowd, which completely filled the wide space of
Charlotte-row, burst into loud applause. Several
gentlemen shook hands with the late King of the
French when he was seated in his carriage, and all
exhibited towards him the most profound respect.