The Sun.
London, England, 1822-09-16 00:00:00

difficulty of the case seems to be this :—lf Por-
tugal admits a coequal in Brazil, where can be
found a common centre for the seat of the
supreme Government ? Will Brazil send:dele-
gates to a point so distant as Lisbon ? If so, she
loses the benefit of a legislature on the spot, and
confesses a sort of subordination. If otherwise,
there may be a nominal union, but there will
be, to all important purposes, a real and effec-
tive separation of the two countries. It
,is,
moreover, 'much to be apprehended that the ge-
neral spirit of republicanism which pervades
South America may catch the imagination of the
native inhabitants of Brazil, and induce them
to demolish the slender forms of Monarchy now
existing, whether instituted on the basis of a di--
vided or a consolidated kingdom. A strong ten-
dency to complete separation assuredly governs
the minds of the Brazilians at this moment. Nor,

however rejoiced we might be to see it softening
into more kindly feelings, would there be wis-
dom in shutting our eyes to the practical diffi-
culty of carrying on the affairs of nations so re-
mote from each other, on the same principle as if
they were joined not only by compact but by
nature. _ .

[3IOANNG ERSLD.I
Among the accounts furnished by the Irish
provincial papers, it is painful to observe some
symptoms of a disposition among the lower
classes to repeat those scenes of outrage which
lately brought so many of them to the scaffold.
In one county (Kilkenny, heretofore reputed for
tranquillity and order, but at present under the
operation of the Peace Preservation and Insur-
rection Acts) several instances are mentioned
of threats not only held out but partly ex-
ecuted. Notices are stated to have been
posted up, prohibiting, under severe penalties,
the payment of rent, tithes, or taxes. This
is the old system. Many of those unfortu-
nate creatures had, in the course of the last
winter and spring, become victims to the violated
laws of their country. This black catalogue has
been of late greatly augmented. It might have
been hoped that the examples of those who were
thus obliged' to expiate their crimes by the sacri-
fice of their mis-spent lives, would have the salu-
tary effect of deterring others from pursuing the
same criminal courses. These acts of outrage,
however, have not been always without provo-
cation. Strong complaints have been made of the
excesses of some of the police. It is indeed an
opinion, entertained by the majority of those ac-
quainted with the internal state of Ireland, that
'no small portion of the disturbances, which have
brought its people into disrepute, arises from the
,over zeal or neglect of the Magistrates. Another
cause, which has no small share in producing
those disturbances, exists in the abuse and mis=
application of those powers vested in the petty
local officers. They have been charged with
harassing and• teasing the inhabitants—with fo-
menting and participating in their quarrels—and
with gratifying private animosities, while they
affect to be discharging their ministerial duties.

[BRITISH PRESS.]
An American Mail has arrived, will' advices
from IFalifax to the 2.lst ult. Sir James Kempt,
the Governor of Nova Scotia, was absent on a
tour of inspection through the province of New
Brunswick, and we are furnished with accounts
of his visits' to, and his reception at, Frederic-
ton, St. Andrew's, and St. John's, its principal
towns. The commercial Acts passed' at the
close of the last Session, for regulating the
trade between the British possessions in America
and the Wrest Indies, and the other parts of the
world, had arrived at Halifax, and formed the
subject of general attention: They were an=
nounced on the 15th ult. by a Proclamation issued
at HalifaX, to be in immediate operation. A
duty of ss. the barrel on wheaten flour had been
demanded on the- cargo of an American schooner
-then in port,and is described as the first levy under
`the new Act. Of the policy or impolicy of •these
important Acts, the Colonial Journalists scarcely
,venture, as' yet, to express an opinion ; but they
appear to thinly-there has been a want of direct
agency- or representation of their interests
throughout their progress ; and that, if they prove
ultimately beneficial, it will have been owing solely
to the liberal-attention and foresight of the 6 overn-
meat at home. Some inconvenience, it is evident,
will arise to the Province of Canada from the
new Act. It has long been supposed that a great
proportion of the flour exported from Canada
was the production of the United States ; that
fact is now broadly admitted, and it follows,
therefore, from the operation of the restrictive
measures about to be adopted, which prohibit
the importation of articles from the States by
means ofthe inland intercourse, which has hitherto
subsisted,• will not only preclude the Canadians
from exporting American produce, but perhaps
deprive them of a portion of their own- trade, by
the introduction of such powerful competitors
into the market. The other British Colonies
will, however, have- the advantage of obtaining
the most essential articles of consumption,
through the most direct and the cheapest cor
V 'ance-

~
The gemorial of the inhabitants of these towns
tg!the Secretary of State for the Home Depart-
ment, for the removal of the convicts• from Ports-
mouth Dock-yard, that the labourers might be
.retained for the duties which they perform

their place, was presented by Mr. NTINcutN,
when•the Right Honourable Secretary remarked,
that the subject was important and deserved
consideration, which it should have in all
its bearings, which was more than of a
local nature, as the great' expence of removing
the convicts to parts beyond the seas, and for
buildings and necessary establishments whilst
there, was a serious matter. Ile further remarked
that most of the men confined in the hulks are
only for seven years ; that he had thought of
sending some to Bermuda and other parts, but
neither that, nor the sending them away to
Botany Bay, could immediately be determined
upon.—(Portsmouth Telegraph.)
On Thursday last, about one o'clock, one of
Cartile's shopmen was arrested gat his shop, No. 5,
Water-lane, Fleet-street, on suspicion of selling
" Palmer's Principles of Natute," behind the
,;curtain.-