The Sun.
London, England, 1849-03-12 00:00:00

Wwl
4, •
MARCH 12, 1.6-19

, with which the movements of 'Russia in the Danubian
provinces have been recently regarded throughout the
country. But three little months have elapsed since we
; first, and alone, drew public attention to the subject, and
within that short plied no less than three pamphlets
have been published on the question, at intervals of two
or three weeks from each other. The last of tho,e
pamphlets, published a day or two ago, is now before
• us,* and it contains within the limits of 30 pages, and a
short appendix of five or six more containing the decu
ments, the whole history of the Moldavian and Walla-
chian questions. The inhabitants of the principslities' it
should be known to the general reader, assume the
name, and boast to be the descendants, of the Romans,
who ruled and colonised these countries, with Transyl
vania and part of Hungary, under the name of Dacia.
In their language the Latin element predominates,
though mingled with Sclavonian, Greek, and Turkish
words. The traveller who even in our day trusts him-
self in the romantic defiles of the Carpathians, is struck
with the resemblance, both in costume and feature, be-
tween the woodsmen appointed to repair anti guard those
psrilous routes,and the Dacian captives portrayed on the
celebrated column which commemorates the victories of
Trojan. From the period when the Roman eagles retired
south of the Danube, scarce a century has passed in
which the Moldavians and Wallachians have not suffered
more or less by the passage and incursions of the bar-
barous nations of Asia. Never totally subdued, they
for ages combatted manfully for their independence, and
it was not until they became convinced that this inherit=
ance could no longer be preserved entire that they re-
solved to part with a portion, in order to secure the
enjoyment of the larger and more importsnt share of
their liberties. Of the treaty:of the Wallachians with
Bajazet in 1393 we have before spoken. That treaty
provided that they should
.continue to be governed b)
their own laws--and that their Princes, always Chris-
tians, should be chosen by the metropolitan and the
boyarcls. Moldavia did not yield to the Turkish power
until upwards of a -century after Wallachia; and the
terms on which the former principality acknowledged
the sovereignty of the Porte were not less advantageous
than those obtained by Wallachia. These two ancient
treaties have been confirmed by successive Sultans, and,
further, have been appealed to and acknowledged as
valid by the Russian Government. The diplomatic con-
nexion between Russia and the principalities is compara-
tively modern. It dates from 1710, or 139 years ago,
when Peter the Great, having determined on attacking
the Turkish empire, commenced his operations by se-
ducing the princes of Moldavia and Wallachia from their
allegiance to the Sultan. That inspired but insidious
barbarian concluded a treaty with Demetrius Cantemir,
by which that Hospodar agreed to maintain ten
thousand soldiers, whose pay should be provided by
the Czar of Muscovy; Russia, on the other hand,
binding herself never to interfere in the affairs of •

the country, and agreeing to a provision that no
Russian sh(,uld be permitted to marry or purchase landi
in Moldavia. Shortly afterwards Peter succeeded in in.
during the Prince of Wallachia -to conclude a compact
similar to that into which he had deluded Moldavia. But

neither these intrigues nor the bribery of the Turkish
generals by Russia tendei to the success of the Czar's
campaign on the Pruth. That campaign, indeed, was
most disastrous, and almost fatal at the time. But the
successors of the Czar, at the close of the last and the be-
ginning of the present century, revived and continued hi,
policy, and by intrigues and underhand means again in-
terfered in the internal csncerns of Moldavia and Walla-
chia, and in their international relations with
Turkey. By the 16th article of the treaty of Karnardji,
in 1774, Russia acquired the privilege of •• speaking in
,avonr of the principalities," and the door being thus
opened, no opportunity of encroaching farther on the
rights of the Turkish empire and its tributary states was
lett unimproved. By the treaty of Bucharest in 1812,
Russia obtained the cession of the province of Bessa-
rabia, forming nearly one-half of Moldavia. This con-
siderable cession of Moldavian territory, far from
satisfying, has, it appears, only whetted her Imperial and
Moscovite appetite. By the convention of Akermans
and the treaty of Adrianople, the Czar claims a species
of protectorate or guarantee over the principalities,
though it may well be doubted whether such right is in
reality conferred. But even admitting it conferred by a
treaty the handywork of her own agents, or by the or-
ganic statute of Wallachia, such title of protecting
power, even if recognised by the public law of Europe,
confers on Russia no right of sovereignty, and no right
of interference except in the case of some act contrary to
the stipulations of treaties being committed by the
Porte, and application being in consequence made
by the principalities to Russia for assistance and re-
dress. No such contingencies ;as the two latter have
arisen. The Hospodar of Wallachia, however, having
on the 23d June of the past year granted to his sub-
jects reforms of an important nature, a Russian force,
in consequence crossed the Pruth, on its march to
Bucharest, on the Ist of August. At Bucharest it has
since remained, exercising all authority civil and mili-
tary. The Russian commander has seized the r,renues
of the principality, altered the commercial tariff, for-
bithl,-. the export of Wallachian produce, and, indeed,
his army may be said to live in free quarters, by pillage
and plunder. But this prllagr and plunder of -5U,u00
men would soon exhaust richer countries then either of
the principalities, and the result must bo that a debt will
be incurred for this" protective" occupation--or, rather,
ruthless invasion of territory—rt debt which will furnish
a pretext for indefinite occupation of both principalities by
Russian armies. This surely cannot be allowed without
reraoi,strance and loud complaint from the mouths of
independent members of both houses, if not from her
Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs. Apart from higher considerations of justiCe and
equity—apart from the duty of curbing the strong and
of protecting the weak—it is the interest—the direct
and evident commercial interest of England, to preserve
the integrity of the Ottoman Porte. The largest portion
of our exports to Persia and Central Asia passes
through the Dardanelles, and if we now allow Russia to
assume a preponderant influence, not merely iri Bulgaria
and Servia, but also in Wallachia and Moldavia, how
long will it be ere she tries to obtain what Alex Under
called the key of his house—the possession of Coestan.
tinople itself ? The commercial aspect of the question
is so vast, that to that aspect we must devote a separate
article.

PEEL'S. PLAN FOR I.RELAN
(From the Weekly Dispatch.)

Mr. Editor,—Did you over assist at a pig. shearing ?
It is a lively picture of Irish landlordism in the House of
Commons, during three mortal nights of debate on the
Ministerial proposition of a rate of 6d. in the pound upon
all the rateable property of Ireland, as a contribution for
the famishing people. The rate is only to be levied
wlien local misery grows too mighty for local relief from
the p(bor-law unions; if insufficient, the prospect is held
out of further drains upon the Imperial Treasury, 1, e.,
upon English taxation, to which English poverty so
largely pays, and it is only to be imposed for two years.
Against this moderate proposition the Irish landlords set
up an universal howl. Men of 50,0001. a year declared
it-tantamount to individual and national ruin. They in
sisted that it devolved as rightfully upon Middlesex or
Lancashire, as upon Ulster or Leinster, to pay for the
perishing poor of Connaught. They clamoured for
rating the merchant and the fundholder. They as-
severated their decided preference for a property-tax.
They screamed and struggled, just like the animal above
referred to, making as much noise, and yielding as little
result. A sixpenny rate was the knife at Ireland's
throat. For once the Whigs were firm; quietly allowed
them to scream their scream out, and then voted the
rate, though in the face of a strong minority. It is to
be hoped that Government will get through with this
minimum of justice, though it has cost, and is likely to
continue to cost, a maximum of trouble.

The main interest of the debate—that portion off, it, I
mean, which took place on Monday night—was, how-
ever, incidental. It consisted in the fact that Sir
Robert Peel, very unexpectedly, availed himself of the
occasion to propound his plan for the pacification and
prosperity of Ireland. This was an extraordinary
course, whether we consider the usual tactics of Op-
position and of Party, or the characteristic caution
of the individual. If regarded as a bid for office, it is
a noble one, and may well dispose us to close the bar-
gain. If taken as another symptom of the change
which seemed to come over the spirit of Sir Robert Peel
three years ago, when he so manfully broke the bonds
of party, and sacrificed place and power for a loftier
policy, it must heighten both our respect for the man
and our expectations from the statesman. But to come
to the plan itself.
Sir Robert Peel proposes to regenerate Ireland by
what he boldly and justly calls "a new constitution of
property" in that island. He would have a Government
Commission take possession of lands which, at present,
the nominal proprietors are alike unable either to cul-
tivate, to sell, or to pay rates for. Much is properly
seizable for accumulated arrears of unpaid rates. Much
is reduced to a condition in which its full present worth
is a mere trifle. Not only is waste land unimproved, but
what was formerly cultivated has become waste. It
only serves as the resting place of dying thousands, to
whom formerly it yielded the precarious subsistence of
the potato, but who now find there neither food nor em-
ployment. Take this land, says Sir Robert, and sell it
to those who will apply capital to its cultivation,
guaranteeing them for a time from the pressure of
more than a defined amount of rate and other fiscal bur-
dens. In one property alone, that where formerly
" Dick Martin ruled the pathless wilds of Conne-
mara," there are 200,000 acres, producing nothing,
paying nothing, worth nothing, and supporting
nobody. It is in vain to talk of sales under
the present law, and by :individual means. Take the
land, at a fair valuation, and by uncostly
give indisputable titles. Look to the settlement of
Ulster, now so prosperous, in the time of James I. The
miles of waste were divided into manageable portions.
A secure tenure was given to the tenants. The wilder-
arrangemen t
ness became a fruitful field, and hordes of starving
savages and maraudeis were partly
.replaced by and
ppoaprtulylati
Coning-
naught an Ulster now. Free the land of the burden of
tern! n s fo
Ulsterm e d w ians t
toh,
eann a industrious
_a nal a
kt her iy
half-a-dozen tiers of landlords, middlemen, mortgagees,
annuitants, piled one above the other, and all based
upon the unemployed peasantry, for whom they have no
power to do anything. Begin afresh. Let the agricul-

* The Russians is Moldavia and Wallachia.—London:
J. Ridgway, 1649.

[PRICE D.

rural character and tendencies of the Irish p sople have
fair play. The natural wealth of the country may then
ha wrought out. Profit will invite capital, at id security
aill stimulate improvement. Such is the Utt)pia of the
modern politician ; and when he has the pow na' or rival
itatesmen have the wisdom and energy, to, give the
,thane effect, it may be called Utopian for laei rig hold,
, 'art not, I think, for being visionary.
The great curse of Ireland is its spendtbrift and
pauper landlordism. We may almost say that, all Ire-
e,d is mortgaged to the teeth. At least at ash is the
ease in the south and west. Irish mortgag es do not
leave a clear 25 per cent. of Irish rental. Hence the
enormous arrears of rates, which often amount: to more
:hen is left for the nominal landlord to receive. Hence
the sacrifice of agriculture to high-rented poteito patches
Ind a swarming peasantry, now swept away together,
the one by blight and the other by famine. 'There is
m help or hope till the land shall change owners. The
incubus of a moneyless proprietary must be hetsved off.
And heaved off it should be, in spite of clamour. or the
country and the people perish. Beggared 1: tnclowners
must show themselves the beggars that they a.re. The
nine has gone by for the pretence that, if the Imperial
Treasury will lend them money, they will rep ay it, and
employ and feed the population. Such loans never-are
repaid. The first thing that happens afterwards is a
clearance. Were the scheme successful, it would only
'mount to an improvement of the land, by the help of
the State, fur the benefit of the landowners, and not of
the people. But if public money is to be adraneed, the
people have the first clains'to be considered in its outlay.
Instead of setting them to work for the lanalord, why
not set them to work for themselves? Give them the
fee-simple, or a permanent tenure, of the soil which
their labour reclaims from the waste, or restores to fer-
:ility. Thousands lie down and perish en ground which
.vould feed them in return for their toil alone. In three
years they would support themselves in comparative
affluence. Why are Irish savings' banks so rich in de-
posits?. How is it that, in the aggregate, large sums are
continually leaving Ireland to be vested in the cultiva-
hon of land across the Atlantic? Simply because a
pauper proprietary has a close monopoly in Irish soil. It
clutches the land with a gripe like that of a. drowning
wan ; not saving himself, but dragging down and
strangling the power which might help him. These pro-
perties, whose extent is imperial, and whose condition is
that of a wilderness, must be broken up. Peel's plan
would let in, not only the large capitalist, but the prudent
farmer. Even the industrious labourer would have his
chance. If not a peasant proprietary, at least a yeoman
proprietary would arise. Ireland will always be agri-
cultural. Love of the land seems an inborn tendency in
an Irishman. On that tendency should the statesman
work for Ireland's regeneration. There is no large and
powerful middle class in Ireland. Trade and manufac-
ures are not likely to furnish such a class for genera-
tions yet to come. On this plan, the land would produce
a middle class. The social gradation would be filled up
by the hardy and independent occupiers of the soil.
hey would defy alike the assumptions of landlord in-
solence, and the tyranny of Tipperary assassination.
Secure in their possession, and thriving in their in-
iustry, such a class would be the bulwarks of order and

,f freedom. The folly is enormous, which continues to
banish such men,l and send them to colonize the Ca-
asides, or the United States. Let them colonize at home.
Give them only tho same chance there which they have
n Australia. Let them have land for their money, and
profit for their labour. The men who are leaving Ire-
land are just the men most wanted in Ireland. They
Are the bone and sinew of the nation. Shame is it, they
,hould be sacrificed to title-deeds and sterile ownership.
The whole land cries out for what, amongst statesmen,
Sir Robert Peel alone has dared to promise, a "new con-
stitution of property." What says Lord John Russell to
it? " I will leave the question to the House."
No scheme which includes a due respect for existing
interests and the legalized rights of property promises
so well as this this to put the social machinery of Ire-
land into a wholesome and. working condition. Of course
there would be great danger of jobbery in the practical
details. Success would require the earnest and vigilant
superintendence of a mind deeply impressed with the
determination to carry the plan through to its natural
results. Probably it would be safe in no hands but
those of the proposer. This consideration may reconcile
us to its being let alone by the Whigs. And when their
ocpected hour arrives the prospect of its practical adop-
tion will be, both to Ireland and to England, a very
great consolation for their fall from power.
There is one point on which Sir Robert Peel did not
speak out, which yet is of primary importance. His plan
would go far towards providing for the material well.
being of Ireland ; but "Man shall not live by bread
alone," though be cannot do very well without it. The
Church question still remains. The settlement of that
is essential to the settlement of Ireland. It is not merely
the pecuniary pressure of the Establishment, though that
is sufficiently onerous, but the fact of its being the
Church, of a small minority ; and the further and more
important fact that its ascendancy is an insult to the j
Catholic Hierarchy, keeping them embittered, irritated,
and discontented ; and through them keeping the great
mass of the population in the same untoward and anramo-
.;,tie condition. Sir Robert Peel did, Indeed, glance
delicately, and remotely, at something beyond his pro-
jected " transfer of property." He suggested "that no
religious distinctions should be allowed to enter into
the arrangement." He would "place the land in-the pos-
session of new proprietors without distinction of religi-
ous profession." And he characterizes as " a fatal defect
in the Act of James 1., the establishment of a religious
distinction.' We understand by this time what the cau-
tious man is at when he puts forth such feelers as these.
Little pilot balloons, no bigger than a child's ball, show
in what course the current of air will bear the great ma-
chine of policy when it rises and is fairly launched. Sir
Robert Peel is preparing to be the economical and the
Church Reformer of Ireland. If cautious in his bold-
ness, he is not less bold in his cautiousness. The
Disraeli of Irish landlords and Orange Protestants (whe-
ther it be he of the Protectionists or another, if there
can be another) may prepare his sarcasms on the future
renegade (as he will be called) from property and Pro-
testantism. Another storm, like that of 1846, may burst
upon the agent, but the work will be achieved. The
territorial and ecclesiastical monopolies of Ireland are
doomed. In due time, the blessed fruits of famine,
whose seed was sown in misery, will be reaped amid
rejoicings,
PUBLICOLA.

ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANwaCimEtheswSB
ehonecgni
residents
SOCIETY.--The
tiiwr .
was
e—s
sent
or-
dinary annual court of this society, pursuant to notice,
and afterwards the extraordinary quinquennial general
court, were held on Saturday last, at Radley's Hotel,
Bridge-street, Blackfriars. The Right Hon. Sir T.
Frankland Lewis occupied the chair, and laid before the
members a full statement of the receipts, disbursements,
and financial position of the society for the year ending
the 31st of December last, the whole of which, as sanc-
tioned by the auditors, was received by the meeting as
highly satisfactory, and adopted, and ordered to be re-
corded in the minutes. The meeting then resolved itself
into an extraordinary quinquennial general court for the
transaction of special business, and Mr. J. J Downes,
the actuary, read the report of the directors for the
quinquennium ending the 31st of December, 1848. The
chairman then declared a bonus of 168,7941., and
congratulated the meeting upon the highly satisfactory
position which the society occupied. He announced a
contingent bonus of 1,2, 3,4, and 5 per cent. on the sum
assured to all policies now entitled to an absolute bonus
and becoming claims during the next five years. He also
drew attentio❑ to the following arrangement announced
in the report:—" With respect to the class of assurers
on the participating scale, who have not yet paid the
requisite number of premiums to entitle them to parti-
cipate in the present division, the directors, to make the
distribution of profits more equitable, have made a pro-
vision for the payment of a conditional bonus (calculated
on the amount of five annual premiums) on all policies
on which claims shall accrue after the payment of the
fifth annual premium, and before the next ensuing divi-
sion. If the life assured survive that period, such bonus
will merge into the general fund, and the assured will
thenof th e
premiums participate
he
ne proportionhes p
s ipaid."
~, to
Theth the
meeting improved
terminated
amount
with the usual vote of thanks to the chairman.
FIRES IN THE METROPOLls.—Yesterday morning,
about four o'clock, a fire of a very alarming nature broke
out in the extensive range of premises belonging to
Messrs. White, G reenwell, and Co., haberdashers, &C.,
carrying on business at 53, 54, and 55, Blackfriars-road.
The discovery was made by Sergeant Davis, of the L
division of police, who raised an instant alarm and; sent
for the engines. After some trouble the whole of the
inmates, nearly 50 persons, male and female, Were
a rousewd
asfrsoomfultlheoifr
smoke that
Tthhee building, how-
ever,alein their nightn..
a precipitate retreat into the street
clothes. The engines of the
the Royal Society's
West of England Company,
fire-escape, promptly attended,
in the first floor. The
found the flames raging furiously
that part of the flames were not extinguished until
lower part damaged by
pre-
mises was burned out and the
ht about nine ' I kthe
water, &c. On Saturday night.
India-rubberoc o'clock, ,
part of the house in which the
premises of Mrs. Eliz th
burned out, and the stock in the'shop
London Brigade
on fi
upon ente • found the engines. The firemen__ ring the first
general blaze. The firemen Was
1 floor: in a unable to get
was
given,wer@ discoverer'
and rest of the house severely injured by fire, water, &c.
Mrs. Harris was fortunately insured in the Sun Fire-
' instant alarm
fltmhaaemkfieersre,b,4:;guBa,tnSuntwrtaainlsdhat
and
Fire-
office. A short time since Mrs. Harris's husband and
One of her children was burned to death in a fire which
destroyed the same premises.
The trial of Sarah Grout, charged with murdering
two of her children, came on at Chelmsford on Saturday.
The unfortunate woman, during a fit of furious madness,
cut down the children with a billhook. She was acquitted
on the ground of insanity.
Three carpet weavers, named Phasey, Rennie, and
Price, were tried at Worcester on Friday, for poaching
in Lord Ward's preserves. They had been attacked and
terribly beaten by Lord Ward's keepers. They were all
of them acquitted—a striking proof of the hatred of the
farmers for the game-laws.
The Bishop of London has appointed the Rev.
Charles Anthony Swainson, B.D , fellow and tutor of
Christ's College, Cambridge, to be one of her Majesty's
peaohers at Whitehall. . . .
rThfiger.oei
lemoaAsfnehondn.r

THE COMMAND IN INDIA..
It is said that Lieutenant-Colonel Napier will proceed
to India with his relative, the gallant Sir Charles, as mi-
litary secr( tary. Sir Charles, itja..understeod, will dine
with the Court -of Direcrors of tha Hopourable East
India Company on Saturday neat; he las been com-
pelled to decline several most pressing invitations from
the London United Service Clubs, and also from distin-
guished private quarters. As a matter of interest at the
present moment, we give the following list of officers
who have held the appointment of Commatider-in-Chief
in India, with the date of each appointment:—
Lieutenant-General Sir-John-ClaveLiug7K--.13 1772
Lieutenant-Goner:ll Sir Eyre Coote, K.ll
Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Sloper, K.B
General Esrl Cornwallis, K.G.
Lieutenant-General Sir E. Abercrombie, K.B 1792
Lieutenant-General Sir A. Clarke, K..C;.p 1797
Lieutenant-General Lord Lake ....
Lieutenant-General Sir G. Hewett, Bart.
Lieutenant-Gcneral Sir G. Nugent, Bart.
General the Marquis of ilastings, G.C,13 lBl3
Lieut.:General the Hon.-Sir Ed. Paget, 1822
General Viscount ConaLermere, G.C.8., G.C.H. 1825
Lieutenant-General the Earl of Dalhousie, G.C.H. 1829
Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Barnes, G.C.B. 1831
General Lord W. C. Bentinck, G.C.8., G.C.H 1833
General Sir Henry Fane, G.C.B.
General Sir Jasper Nicholls, K.C.8.1839
General Sir Hugh (now Lord) Gough, G.C.B 1843
General Sir Charles Napier, G.C.B 1849
Lord Gough has held the office since March 15th in
the year mentioned, so that he has occupied it for a
period of six years exactly. It may be recollected that
at the period in question, some of the Indian papers
questioned in terms somewhat strong the fitness of the
roan for such a post. It subsequently transpired that be
had been promised the office of Commander-in-Chief in
Madras, but that the Government. at the eleventh hour,
had determined upon uniting the offices of Governor and
Commander-in-Chirf in the person of one man, Lieu-
tenant General the Marquis of Tweeddale, K.T. By
way of compensation for this disappointment, the Go-
vsrnment conferred upon him the still more important
office of Commander-in-Chief of all India.
SIR C. J. NAPIER AND THE INDIAN WAR.---It iS now
definitively arranged that General Sir Charles James
Napier, the new Commander-in-Chief in India, will
leave town for Marseilles by the mail of the 24th instant,
not the 20th, as was stated last week by several of our
contemporaries. it Charles will be entertained by
the directors of the East India Company at a grand ban-
quet on Saturday next. The embarkation of the 75th
and 87th regiments for India will not take place until
after the arrival of the next mail from India. These re•
giments are, however, ordered to hold theniselves in
readiness to then embark without delay. The nature of
the next information will also decide whether the East
India Company will apply or not for an additional
force of the Queen's troops. The rumours, therefore,
to the effect that several other regiments are to proceed
from this country to India are premature, and without
any foundation whatever.

CITY OF LONDON HOSPITAL
FOR DISEASES OF THE CHEST.
The first anniversary of this excellent institution was
celebrated on Saturday last, by a dinner at the London
Tavern.
The, Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle presided, and
was supported on his right and left by Samuel Gurney,
Esq., Mr. Alderman Sydney, John Dillon, Esq., A. G..
Gurney, Esq., H. Ford Barclay, Esq., Dr. Baoington,
Dr. Jefferson, Mr. Alderman Finnis, William Tite, Esq.,
J. hlasterman, Jun., Esq., Joseph Tucker, Esq., and
other gentlemen. The dinner, which was a most sump-
tuous one, was well served up, and did great credit to
Messrs. Bathe and Breach, the caterers at this renowned
establishment. The usual loyal and patriotic toasts hav-
mg been warmly responded to,
The Earl of CARLISLE said, before he asked his hearers
to drink to the prosperity and perpetuity of that insti-
tution, he would be forgiven if he troubled
them with a few statistical details. They
were aware that this age, if anything, was
statistical trade was necessarily statistical, and
agriculture, which had Neely been expressing itself
through most eloquent organs, had also become statis-
tical. The subject of the public health had now, to his
own cost, become extremely statistical—(Laughter)---
and he supposed that they must also adopt the fashion
of the times and become statistical in the return. He
found from inquiries that the total amount of hospital
accommodation in the metropolis only furnished about
3,450 beds—that of those fully one-half were engrossed
by surgical cases; and the remaining half were taken up
by those cases which were called acute, and which ne-
cessarily presented the most urgent and conclusive calls
for assistance. Consequently, but a small proportion of
the whole could be allotted to those cases which were
called chronic. But what amount of sorrow and
anguish did that term " chronic " not imply 1 What
pain, what languor, what restlessness, what drying up
of the juices and the springs of life, till the
disease terminated in death, from which it was 'but a
little removed! Ho had further learned, as it would ap-
pear to them, he was sure, that in consequence of that
Mate of things, it was thought most desirable to add to
their hospital accommodation, and it was considered that
that object would not be so well or so easily achieved by
founding a large hospital, which would include every sort
of case, and every class of disease, as by having a special
receptacle where persons might receive the most ap-
propriate treatment from physicians and medical attend-
ants whose attention had been specially directed to dis-
eases of the chest. It had been ascertained that one-
third of the whole mortality of the metropolis might be
traced to diseases of the heart and lungs, and
that they were diseases to which the labouring
and indigent class of our fellow-countrymen were
wore especially exposed. 'lacy were very much
aggravated by those privations to which that class was,
unhappily, too liable—such as impure air, deficient
clothing, improper food, and protracted hours of labour.
The toiling weaver, and, in short, all those classes who
ministered most actively to our necessities, to our com-
forts, and to our luxuries, were those, who in the hour
of pain and and suffering, were claimants for the super-
fluities of their means.—(Cheers.) It would be found
that in their crowded workshops and squalid garrets they
too often engendered that consumption which hurried
them to a premature grave. He believed that it would
be geieerally found with respect to diseases of
the chest, that while the mischief was easily
arrested and duly treated, it was too liable,
if the symptoms were neglected, to terminate in.
the most serious and fatal forms. It was desirable that
a building should be specially constructed for the recep-
tion of patients, because the arrangements with respect
to air and ventilation, which might suit some diseases,
would be totally unfit and improper for the class of dis-
eases with which they had to deal. They did not come
forward to oppose the institution which had recently
been established at Brompton. There was, unhappily,
too great a demand in the metropolis for medical aid is
that class of cases, and far be it from them to grudge or
to envy the respectable appearance and comely gables
of that institution, or even the Nightingale who had
sung so sweetly and so productively in its groves.-
-(Laughter.) They felt inclined to say as was puce,
addressed to the Americans, "you are very enterprising,
go-a-head people in the West, but do not forget that the
West is not the whole of the world—there is also a
venerable East, which you cannot blow off from the mat ."
—(Cheers.) They did not wish to run the race of rivals, but
the race of a glorious emulation with the west in the
great object of doing the will of their Maker and in alle-
viating the sufferings of his creatures.—(Cheers.) With
a view to supply the urgent demands which were made
for that species of relief to which he had alluded, it was
proposed to erect in a healthy situation in the suburbs
of the City an hospitalifor the reception of in-patients,
and in connexion with it something in the form of a
sanatorium, where persons of moderate means, but still
not able to command at their own homes the requisite
appliances which the best medical skill could supply,,
might by a moderate payment have secured to them all
the advantages of an hospital with a greater amount of
comfort. Besides the hospital, which was their primary
object, they intended to maintain and continue in a Can,.
tral part of the City a public dispensary, at which persona
suffering from disease of the chest might receive gratuitous
assistance. This institution was opened on the ;13th of
Juno, 1848, and its brief history from that date to the
3d of March was comprised in the following tow figures:
No less than 3,176 patients had been admitted to the
benefit of the charity, of which number three had been
discharged for irregularity, 36 had died, 911 still re-
mained under treatment,
et2helOrerlha!)dowiebegereesntwrchrue.r_etktedwiotn .tr,
relieved.—(Cheers.) lie em
the prophetic beauty of some lines whichtge
itteters of Swale
zerland, and which madeallusionma traveller's book at one of the
great
to the
some ec
ofwea rye stpoi t
e there on his way a "11-
ee
sumptive patient who had come
hoped g
to obtain southern climate, where h
of that death which seemed
ato
thosethrnatureaten him. Ile wan
described as coming to loobeauties of nature
would probably not loot
g gladden his eyes—
,. Here be steals a moment from the Italian sky,
And stops and wonders, on his way to die."
But those on whose behalf he now addressed them—the
sons and daughters of toil—whose labour wasted the
sinews and palled the rosy cheeks of health, and sapped
up all the elasticities of youthful life—could not have
recourse to the sunny shore of France, the sheltered
bays of Italy, or the orange groves of Madeira. But it
was in the heart of that great city, even under their
own dusky sky and murky atmosphere, that-they were
asked to provide all those aids which the medical science
of this metropolis, now more than ever at the head of
modern civilization, could render to those martyrs of
labour and to those victims of disease.—(Cheers.) There
was a charm and a magic in kindness which, by a ten.
derness of touch and a sympathy of look, cheated pain
of its greatest pangs, and disarmed even death of half
its terrors.—(Cheers.) No patient, evert the meanest
and most ragged of those that prowled about
the streets of the metropolis, would they refuse to
succour in the hour of distress, and take care
that the winds of heaven visit his face not too roughly.
—(Cheers.) They were about to add another star
to that glorious constellation of charities which was the
boast of the metropolis. He begged to give—"
Pros-
perity and perpetuity to the City of London Institutiott
for Diseases of the Chest."
The toast was drunk with great applause.
The report was then read, which, after detailing the
progress of the society, stated that there remained, after
paying all expenses, a balance of 471. Ss 4d. An annual
sure of 6001, would be required to carry on the out.
patients' branch, while the amount of annual subscripe
Dons was only 200/. At present an average of nearly
Thy
600 patients obtained relief from the charity every week.
The following toasts were afterwards drun
Earl of Carlisle," " The Corporation of thket— C" it Tyh o
London," " The Bankers and Merchants of the City,' ,
" The Vice-Presidents, &e.;" " The Medical Officers, i
" The Ladies," and other toasts.
The subscriptions collected in the course of the oven*
ing amounted to 1,714/. 18s.
The musisal arrangements were under the euperia•

tenden, :e of Mr. Ransford, assisted by Mr. Fenton, Miss
Thorne ;on, and Miss Ransford. Mr. Harker was the
toast-c lager, and acquitted himself with his usual ability.
The company did not separate until a late hour;•
- -

T-' 3E Lir, LEGAL TITLE ASSURANCE
COMP_ NY.
(Provisionally Registered, January 17, 1849.)
Capital, 2,000,0001., in 80,000 Shares, of 251. each.
Preliminary Deposit, 2s. 6d. per Share.
Prospectuses and full information may be obtained at the Tempo-
..ay Offices of the Company, 13a, Cannon-row, Westminster, on ap-
plication to

G. F. HOWE, Hon. Sec., pro tem.

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
ADVENTURES of CRODIWELL DOOLAN;
OR, LIFE IN THE ARMY.

By Sir RICHARD LEVINGE, Bart.
Author of " Echoes from the Backwoods."
"Sir Richard Levinge has stamped himself by his Cromwell Doo-
lan,' a novelist and a humourist of the first water."—New Monthly.
" One of the pleasantest and most spirited novels that have lately
appeared. The sketches of Life in the Army are full of point and
character."—Morniag Herald.
Henry Celburn, Publisker, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

TIER. MAJESTY'S THEATRE.
The Nobility, Subscribers to the Opera, and the Public, are
respectfully informed that this Theatre
Will OPEN on THURSDAY EVENING next, March 15,
being the First Night of the Subscription, when will be presented
(for the first time these five years) Rossini's Opera,

LA CgNERENTOLA.
The principal parts by
ftdlle. Alboni (her first appearance a' this theatre),
Mdlle. Pollonia, and Mme. Grimaldi ;
Signori Gardoni, N. Lablache, and Beletti.
To conclude with, first time at this Theatre (the Scenery by Mr
Charles Marshall) the celebrated Ballet, entitled
LE VIABLE A QUATRE.
In which will appear
Mdlle. Carlotta Grist, Mdlle Marie Taglioni, and
I Mme. Petit Stephan, Mdlle. Carolina Rosati,
M. Paul Taglionl, M. Charles, M. Louis D'Or; Mdlles. Thevenot
Julien, Lamoureux, and Aussandon.
Applications for Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets to be made at the Box.
office, Opera Colonnade
QT.

JAMES'S THEATRE
Season 1849.
FRENCH PLAYS and OPERA COMIQUE.
THIS EVENING, _ _ _

The Performances will commence at Halt-past Seven o'clock, with

LES MALIIEURS D'UN JOLI GARCON.
After which, ACTEON.
To conclude with the popular Opera Corelque, entitled
LE CHALET.

Mr. Mitchell begs also to announce that, notwithstanding the in-
creased expenses of the present entertainment, the prices of admis-
!don are determined as follows:
Boxes .. • • • • • • • • ss. Od.
Pit .• • • .. . 3s. Od.
Amphitheatre .. • • .. 2s. Od.
Subscriptions for the season may be arranged at Mr. Mitchell's
Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street ; Mr. Sams', St. James's-street ;
31r. Andrews', New Bond-street ; and at the Box-office of the
Theatre, which is open daily from eleven till dye.

7'LLEATKL+' ROYAL, HA YALU{ ti t.
Mr. B. Webster, Sele Lessee and Manager. Old Brompton.

Dung the Recess this Theatre has been re-decorated and embel-
lished hi a superb and costly manner by Mr Hurwitz. A new Chan-
delier has been fitted, and the best arrarr.,Tments have been made for
the due Ventilation of the Theatre, and the comfort and cenveaience
Of the audience.