The Sun.
London, England, 1831-01-31 00:00:00

SITTING OF THE 2STIT.

The audience was rather less considerable than yester-
day. Nevertheless all the galleries were filled, and several
persons were admitted into the passages on the right and
left of the tribune. At half-past one the Chamber was
thronged with Members, who, divided in groups as yest. r-
day, were engaged in animated conversation. The Minis-
terts of the Finances, of War, of the Interior, of Justice, r f
the Marine, and for Foreign Affairs, were present. A
warm discussion seemed to prevail round the Ministerial
benches between Messrs. Etienne, Sebastiani, Viennet,
Augustin Perier, and De Bi iequeville. M. Mauguin stood
near the President, and appeared to insist upon addressing
the Chamber.

The President took the Chair at two o'clock, and said,
the Chamber having adjourned to this day the discussion
upon the foreign affairs of France, M. Cunin Gridaine is
the first Member to speak inscribed upon the list.
M. Cunin Gridaine then appeared at the tribune and
said—Avoiding the political question, I rise to present to
you some observations upon the consequences of the re-
union of Belgium to native. The question, reduced to
its commercial interest, is still entitled to deep attention,
for the sources of the public wealth are bound up in the
policy of States. I say, then, with the fullest conviction,
that the abrupt and instantaneous re-union of Belgium to
France would deal a deadly blow at our industry.—(A
Member, "M. Josse, you are a silversmith.") It must be
admitted, Gentlemen, that there is no resemblance between
the commotion which separated Belgium from Holland
and our revolution in July. The marvellous success of our
revolution was owing to the unanimous accord of the in-
terests of all. What a difference between our revolution
and that of Belgium ! Her separation from Holland was
the work of a party. The Belgian people, with a pope
latiun of seven millions of inhabitants, and the possession
of numerous manufactories, see themselves with disquietude
separated from Holland, and deprived of the numerous
mat kets which they found in the Dutch colonies. Fur
such a people to separate themselves from Holland was to
commit suicide. Let us not deceive ourselves, Gentle-
men, it is less a King that Belgium wants than a state of
things to be a substitute for the markets she has lost by
separating herself from Holland. The immense mass of
merchandise accumulated in Belgium would then flow
into France, and Fiend] industry, which received so severe
a check by a necessary revolution, would suffer from the
introduction of the accumulated productions of Belgian in-
dustry.
111. de Schonen declared that he was not for war,
though a homme du mouvement, as the men of July
were called ; but it was the movement of peace and civili-
sation which he considered preferable to that created by
war. One ►night be retrograde, but the other never.
There were, however, cases in which war was more de-
sirable than peace. It was better than a disgracefal peace,
involving the ruin of the country. The question had been
raised whether peace was compatible with the honour and
the wants of France ; but this was not now the point to
be examined. The inquiry at present was into the con-
duct of the Ministry, and more particularly that of the
Minister for Foreign Affairs ; and respecting this
the Hon. Deputy said he should refer only to his
letter to the Belgian Congress. There were three po-
litical combinations between the Cabinets of Belgium
and France. The first was, the Belgians demanded
of the King of the French the Duke de Nemours for their
King. The Prince is a minor—the King of the French,
as a father, in common with every other Frenchman, is
invested with paternal authority, and has exercised it by re-
fusing his son. In the second place, the King has refused
to admit the re-union of Belgium with France. Here the
King was put forward by the Minister, and the Hon.
Member begged leave to remind him that, under the late
Government, the mania of mixing up the name of the
King in the acts of the Government was frequently com-
plained of. It was no longer the father of a family who
spoke, but the King, who ought to speak by no other organ
than his Ministers. The King it was, who, in direct and
positive terms, refused the re-union of Belgium with
France. Ah ! Gentlemen (continued M. de Schonen)
whatever misunderstandings may have arisen from the
verbal communication between the Minister for Foreign
Affairs and M. Regier, I prefer it to the written corres-
pondence, because I have not forgotten the old proverb.—
verba rolant, scripta manent. Ido not comprehend the
conduct of the Minister, nor conceive why he should have
so completely tied his hands, without reflecting that what
may be dangerous to-day, may to-morrow be advanta-
geous. Had the refusal become necessary, it should have
been reserved till the last moment, or the last hour, or at
least till the list day, that circumstances would have al-
lowed. Time Hon. Deputy, after asking whether time Go.
vernment had the right to decide upon such a question,
referred to the 13th Art. of tl e Charter, which, though
it invested the King with the power of making treaties of
peace, or declaring war, did not authorise him to refuse
the union of two people into one nation—and added,
that if the King did not approve of the union, and de-
clined presenting a Law Project for the purpose, the
right of introducing such a measure belonged to the
Chambers.—( Hear, hear.) He maintained that the refusal
had been premature. The Ministry had not only refused
an offer that was never made, but had done so without
due authority, for the nation had not been consulted, and
by this refusal, the sincerity of which might well be
doubted, had created a chance of war. It had been said,
is it better to have a war in Europe ? Now peace was
dishonourable on such terms, and the reunion ought to
have taken place even should all the cannon of Europe be
thundering on the frontier=.—(Strong sensation.)—The
/lon. Deputy then proceeded to the question of the Duke
de Leuchtenberg, anti said that it was an absolute threat
to declare that lie would not be acknowledged. Ile had
not the honour of feeling affection to the Duke of Loch-
te,berg and his family as the Minister had. He had
no acquaintance with the Prince or his family, hut if lie
were elected King of time Belgians, his title would be as
good as that of Louis Philip—a declaration which he
made openly and without fear. Charles X. with his SOH
might cume and hunt in the forest of Rambouillet—the
Duke it Leuehtenberg might come to Paris and contem-
plate time column of Austerlitz, radiant with time glory of
his father—and there would be no danger. The former
would excite pity and eonte;;;lpt, and the latter would be
entitled to respect ; after which the people would flock to
the Palais Royal, shouting Vive Louis Philippe, Roi
des Franedir;l„,(Clie.ers.)—On the question of Poland,
M. de Schonen limitru liimsglf to smying that it was the
duty of the Government to consider the miseries with
which she Nos threatened ; and time citizens would carry
their contributions to the Committee, of which General
Lafayette, was President, and of which he pi de Schonen)
was a member.

The Minister of War ;;44-,-Gentlemen, there are pre-
, sentative principhs which cannot be too deeply discussed,
the consequences of which cannot be too clearly elucidated
for their power to be permanently founded, and for us to
be ab!e to promise ourselves to obtain with certainty the
grand and salutary rt sults which we have a right to expect
from them. Fiance was the first who laid down the
principle of non-intervention ; she founded it, for it is
she aione that is sure to apply it with force and grandeur,
But this principle, to be powerful, must be strictly.defined,
and n 4 ti;j; subject the Minister for Foreign Affairs gave
Sou yesterday
N;planations the most el, ar rd the most
positive. He told you it would be to
deprive the prin-
ciple of non-intervention of ail i,r,s force,
to extend it to
such a point as to interdict a Government Bornoccupying
itself with what is pasting in a neighbouring country, ;al
depriwe of its counsel a nati ,n to which it is attached by
the boncba of sympathy, and e-pecially whose country
it has protected In the d4ys of danger; and when at this
moment it still protects it, cannot demand in turn some
degree of gratitude? My Hon. Colleague rapidly enume-
rated the benefits which, within four months, Belgium bad
received from France. It is to the tone in which France pro-
clainted the principle of non-intervention that Belgium is
indebted for seeing her territory respected by 6foreign
armies. Perhaps we may attribute to this unaccustomed
Language the sudden halt of the forces, which were already

in motion to fall upon that fine country. Assurances
of peace, good understanding, and friendship, even,
have been given with profusion to France. Belgium has
been recognised is independent: she has been able
to devote her attention in peace to the institutions
and liberties which the barricades of Paris, and after them
the barricades of Brussels, had just won. Liberty arose,
and it sprung up out of the French principle. Belgium
may constitute herself as a State. Is this result then
nothing, Gentlemen. And to whom is she indebted for
having obtained it? I do not think that our task is
finished ; but, if we have begun. so well, it belongs to us
to complete it; it is by us that peace has been maintained,
and it is by us that its maintenance will be secured to
Europe. Too long disorders, of which we have been the
victims, have afflicted our country ; let us not renew them
by war. During 15 years, foreign influence weighed
heavily upon France, and then peace was granted to her.
Henceforth it is she who ought to demand peace; let her
language to Europe be that of force; but, above all, Gen-
tlemen, let her be strong, for theleby alone will she main-
tain her dignity amidst the nations ; let her secure the
maintenance of this peace, which is as necessary for the
development of Ler prosperity as for that of the institutions
which our glorious revolution has founded. Moreover,
Gentlemen, this is not a wish that I make before you for
the first time : this wish, which I expressed four months
ago, is now accomplished, and the King's Ministers can
give you the assurance that France will take care that the
peace shall not be disturbed. Nothing was bequeathed to
us by the fallen dynasty but wounds to heal, and
di-asters to repair, and yet France has again assumed
at home and abroad that attitude with which the sen-
timent of her force and dignity inspired her. The task
was immense, but it has been fulfilled. I have been
able to measure the whole extent of the services ren-
dered to our country by Marshal Gerard, for the greater
part of our army was disorganised. When, yielding to
the empire of circumstances, the bends of discipline were
broken, who could have foreseen that, in so short a time,
the army would have become what it is at present. At
no period of our hi.tory, perhaps, not oven when four-
teen armies covered the soil of France, was the enthusiasm
so great. The reports which reach me from all pal ts are
unanimous. At this inclement season our young soldiers
are training to the manual exercise. In several corps the
men subscribe among themselves for lighting, in order to
exercise under cover during the long nights of winter.
With mush elements, gentlemen, we are henceforth sure
to keep France up to the elevated rank to which she is
called. It is for France to secure peace to Europe ;if it
can be maintained, it is to France that Europe will Le
indebted for it. The King's Ministers are unanimous, are
all animated with the same spirit. Organs of the King's
will, they will obey his will ; they wil 1 seek for peace.
But if the firebrands of war should be lighted anywhere,
France is ready; she never dreaded it, and now, as for-
merly, she will maintain her right.
M. Bignon considered that the policy of the Cabinet of
London with regard to Belgium was a real intervention.
With regard to the conduct of the French Ministry and
the counsel it had given to Belgium, he did not think it
conformable to the interests of France. The Minister for
Foreign Affairs had said that the Belgian nation had not
expressed a wish to be re-united to France, but why
did he anticipate the event by a premature refusal,
since to prevent the reunion of Belgium to France
he had acted as if the demand had been made. This
premature refusal was the lightest reproach that could
be brought against him. A new system had been men-
tioned; the neutrality of Belgium had been spoken of. I
shall not enter into this subject, but am willing to consider
it a preservative against the division of Belgium, when we
are suffering so much from the division of Poland. The
Hon. Deputy here called upon the Government to grant
its protection to Poland. France could do much in its fa-
your. He would not recall the sentiments which connect
her with the brave Polish nation, but would address him-
self to the understanding of Ministers. Never was a re-
volution mole just than that of Poland, for it oas autho-
rised by the manifest violation of the acts of the Congress
of Vienna. The first Article of that Treaty afforded the
proof of it. M. Bignon concluded by citing the prin-
cipal Articles of the Treaty of 1814, relative to Poland,
and argued that in these Treaties the independence and
liberty of Poland had been guaranteed by the Powers. It
was so to speak, the very condition imposed upon Alex-
ander, and this condition had been violated.

The Minister for Foreign Affairs said—Several Mem-
bers in the course of this debate, hare alluded to a letter
written by me. I should have feared to have insulted their
understanding had I earlier referred to this letter myself.
An envoy from Belgium, in his correspondence with his
Government, related conversations on political points,
and in a letter from himself to me he announced that
important facts had been made public. It related to the
re-union of Belgium with France, the election of the
Duke de Nemours the refusal to acknowledge the Duke
de Leuchtenherg in case he should be nominated, and
t a project of marriage which never, for a single mo-
ment was a subject of discussion, and upon which
he explained himself in my name in terms I never was in
the habit of using either in my conversation or writing.
It has been said that we have resolved to have peace, cost
what it may. I will not retort upon our adverse, ies, and
say they wish for war cost what it may, for I am sure
they do not.—(Hear, hear, on the left.) I repeat what I
said yesterday, that we are labouring- under treaties that
are prejud'cial to our interests, but by which all Europe is
equa'ly bound. Break these ties and we should draw
upon us the united forces of all the European Powers.
Is it upon this condition that war is demanded? Let it
be openly avowed.—(Agitation.) The Belgian Revolutien
was accomplished in the name of independence. When
the great separation was consummated, the Belgians chose
a National Assembly, which met in the name of inde-
pendence, and framed a C institution for an independent
people. Nevertheless hostilities continued, and the Great
Powers offered their mediation. It was accepted with joy
by the Belgians. An armistice ensued, and was obtained
at the instance of France. After this first benefit the Bel-
gians demanded the acknowledgment of their Government,
and their pretensions were supported by France with all her
influence. The separation of Belgium front Holland was
recognised. The Belgians sent us an envoy, and we have
held with them all the relations of amity. A serious question,
the free navigation of the Scheldt, agitated the public mind
and compromised the interests of all. France interfered,
and through her negotiations the Scheldt was opened.
Belgians have presented themselves to us, and insinuated
that a re-union of their country with France was desired.
It must be confessed that they spoke the sentiments of a
great number, but they were not the interpreters of the
entire nation, for Belgiern though represented here to
be unanimous in this desire is, as you know, divided
into several parties. Counsel was given them, and
you are well aware of the use they have made of it.--
We have been subject to strange accusations. On the one
hand, it is said, that under these. circumstances, we should
have employed more diplomatic finesse, while on the
other, we are blamed for being too prodigal of it. We,
however, have to choose between these two accusations,
and admit that we have been either too sincere or too cun-
ning ; we confess that our sincerity has been predomi-
nant. But why have we been so sincere ? Because we
have always had in view the great question of peace or
war. We wished to prevent a complete revolution of all
Europe, and to obtain this end, we preferred expressing
ourselves with perfect frankness. The Congress itself in
its last sitting, by its very last act, showed that it still
laboured to consolidate its independence, and, as you know,
sent us Commissioners. What was their object? To ob-
tain from us explanations on the choice of a Prince, as to
the extent of their territory, as to their commercial rela-
tions, and their alliances. France did nut commit the
itrprudence of expressing any opinion as to the choice of
their Prince. She merely advised Congress to afford to
this great national act all the calm and mature considera-
tion it required. We were call d upon to enter into ex-
planations as to the limits of the new State, but the solu-
tion of this question you are aware did not belong to
Frarce alone. France replied to Belgium with the sin-
cerity of true friendship, we wish that you may obtain
such frontiers as will afford your perfect defence, and
facility for the promotion of your political and comroer-
pial interests. Was it possible for us to determine
upon those political and commercial interests without
the concurrence of this Chamber ? We therefore re-
plied, that we would consent to any arrangements that
did not compromise the commercial interests of France.
We were interrogated as to our alliances. This is a
serious question to be put to any Power, whether of the
first or secondary order, But (it has been asked) why
was it necessary to use such positive terms? You cannot
but have read with attention the debat ts in the Belgian Con-
gress. Language of attachment having been taken as an
acquicsence in their desires, it became absolutely necessary
that our explanations should be clear and distinct. The
poitipal probity of France will from henceforth he ac-
knowledged thrungle ut Europe. An Hon. Member has
intim ited that war was necessary fur France, in order to
population. We are no longer
employ her superabund int
in the times of Duguesclin ; we have no bands of robbera
to get rid of--to be sent into Spain, and there see their
General conducted a prisoner to Bordeaux. Another Hen.
Member has accused us of indifference towards a people
for whom my sympathy at least is well known. But can
my last expressions have been forgotten? I said it was
impossible for us to render Poland any assistance by force

of arms ; and I am sure the Hon. Member to whom I
allude is too experienced to require me to enter into ex-
planations in this place as to any negociations that may be
on foot. We are upon the point of peace or war, and
here I cannot help recalling the words of an orator in the
British Parliament—" War presents so many d fferent
chances, so many evils and calamities, that every man who
is a friend to his country must shrink with apprehension,
when he is called upon to declare it." We, however, wilt
not shrink from it when the honour or the prosperity of
France is in question. At present she is in the enjoyment
of peace and liberty, benefits she owes to her King, Louis

M. Alexandre Delaborde said—There once existed
in France a Sovereign whose policy has been too much
praised, and whose character has been too much blamed,
fur his policy was unski ful, and his character was scarcely
worse than that of the ambitious men against whom he
had to contend. That S.wereign was Louis XI. He re-
ceived one day a deputation of the Genoese, who said to
him—" We give ourselves to you." "And I," answered
he, "give you to the devil."—(Bursts of laughter.) Now,
Gentlemen, it will never enter into the thought of any
one, particularly after the frank explanations that have
been given us by the Minister of Foreign Affairs to com-
pare this coarse language with that Minister's letter.
(Laughter still more loud.) It will never enter into the
thought of any one to put the words of a bad Prince into
the mouth of a Minister of the best of Kings and the
best of men. It has been said that the dignity of nations
dues not consist in their frontiers, but I say that frontiers
are nut indifferent to that dignity. Assuredly those Poles
who have been incessantly tormented and parcelled out,
have not been wanting in dignity, nor are they wanting
at present ; they find themselves compelled to bare their
breasts, and present themselves without frontiers to the
attacks of their enemies. England again was not want-
ing in dignity during 15 years, when she strove against
the greatest Captain of the age; when Napoleon threa-

tened her with an invasion; but it was well for her dig-
nity that an arm of the sea separated her from us.—
(Strong sensation.) In conclusion, the Hon. Deputy sa'd
that although the consequence of a war were to be
dreaded, yet the re-union of Belgium and France would
not render war imminent and inevitable.

Gen. Lafayette rose, when general silence prevailed.
He said—" Diplomacy, formerly so complicated, becomes
daily more simple and direct from the freedom of the press,
the ordeal it undergoes from the Tribune, and the motlifi•
cations of public opinion. Ere long the calculations of
family interest must yield to the interests of the people. If
I enter into the present debate, it is not for the purpose of
pleading in favour either of peace or war, for the whole
world are aware that no man can be more anxious for the
preservation of peace than myself. I hope the Chamber
will permit me to lay before it a principle which is identi-
fied with the honour and prosperity of France. I have
heretofore said that there were two contending parties in
the world, the oppressors and the oppressed, and I will
now add that there are two governing principles in Europe,
the rights of the people, and the rights of Sovereignty, or
in other words the right divine. On one side liberty and
equality, and on the other arbitrary power and exclusive
privilege. I cannot say how long these two principles
may continue to live in good neighbourhood with each
other, but I know that the princip!e we have adopted is
progressively expanding, that it will ever remain faithful
to itself, and that all hostility against it will only
serve to strengthen and accelerate its growth It is in vain
to talk of existing treaties. It is evident that the revolu-
tion of July, by having annulled various clauses of the
Charter of the year 1814, has at the same time annulled
all those treaties that were incompatible with itself. I
will mention but two—that which ensured the kingdom of
France to Charles X. and his family, and that which
united Belgium to Holland. When the Minister for Fo-

reign Affairs asks whether we would go to war, in viola-
tion of treaties, I answer, yes, both for France and for
Belgium ; and the King's Government ought to make the
same reply. For I take upon me to say that these
treaties have not been entered into between the Chief of
France and her enemies, but imposed upon France
by her enemies, who, by force of foreign bayonets, placed
one of their owe society in the Tuileries, to traffic with our
independence, and convert it to their own profit.—(Cheers
from the left.)—When called upon to explain in this
Chamber, and in the presence of Ministers, my notions of
the system of non-intervention, I said that wherever the
right of sovereignty was claimed by the people, every in-
tervention in the affairs of that people should be consi-
dered as a declaration of war against France. These are
the principles we ought to defend, be the consequences
what they may. Should we by this fidelity to our prin-
ciples be forced into war, we shall, to apply the words of
Mr. Craning, " enter into it with our eyes open, and
not with our eyes shut." We shall be supported by
500,000 regular troops, and by the 1,500,000 National
Guards, of whom the Minister of War has rendered so
good an account, and for which I thank him. I shall now
proceed to the affairs of Belgium, with regard to which
the Government has been perfectly consistent. It is true
that scarcely was our Government established, when we
were called upon to protect the Sovereignty of the people
of Belgium ; anti we immediately signified to the Ainbas-
sadors of all foreign Powei s that the moment a foreign
soldier set foot in Belgium, it would be considered as a
declaration of war against ourselves. This was in strict
conformity with our principles. Here, I confess, I would
have stopped. When the Belgians asked for counsel,
I would have said, " Be what you wish to be ; if you
wish to become a Northern Switzerland, become so
except as to the Aristocracy—(Laughter)—if you desire
to have a foreign Prince for your Sovereign, choose
whom you will, we will support you ; and if they had
elected the Duke de Nemourri, I would have recommended
Ministers to advise the King to give his consent. As to
the re-union of Belgium with France, I would not have
stopped to inquire whether it might be displeasing to this
or that Power. All the inquiry I should have made
would have been whether it was the desire of the ma-
jority of the Belgian people to effect, and the will of the
Representatives of the French nation to accede to the
union ; for it is not within the province of the Govern-
ment of either country to offer or accept it. I should not
have been restrained by the fear of offending England,
who acceded to the Treaties of Luneville and Amiens,
which secured the union of Belgium with France, under
Napoleon, for whom it cannot be imagined she had more
regard than she has for Louis Philip ? or can she have
less fear of us now that we have recovered our
liberty? With regard to Poland, a greater politician
than myself has given you sufficient reasons why
it would not only be in the interests of humanity,
but in accord with the political interests of the
Continental Powers, to see this barrier against the in-
cursions of the northern hordes once more established ; and,
above all, to see that liberal condition fulfilled, which had
entered by chance into the Act of the Congress of Vienna.
(The happy introduction of the words by chance excited
the smiles of the Deputies). I know that Prussia yielded
with reluctance to the partition of Poland, and that
Austria viewed it with extreme regret. I have heard even
of the least liberal Austrian diplomatists express their
wishes that Poland might recover her rights, As to the
sentiments of England in t!iis respect, it ought to be re-
collected that the men now forming the Government of
that country were those who most loudly and uni:Ormly
exclaimed against the division of Poland. England is also
jealous of Russia, and if this spit it was manifested in
favour of the Turks, I see no reason why it should not
have its influence in the case of the Poles. I, therefore,
should have counselled Ministers to succour Poland. I
will now notice that spirit of conquest we are said to ins
herit from the Revolution and the Empire. If we have
made so many conquests, it has been because we were con-
strained by the blindness of our enemies, and by the faults
of Kings, who then formed a league with their people
against us. These people and these Kings are our allies
at the present day—and so will remain for some time—
some few days, perhaps, and then will become our im-
placable enemies.

M. de Briqueville begged pardon of the. Chamber fur
occupying its time, but the faults of Ministers appeared to
him to put France in danger. Soon, perhaps, France,
surprised by her enemies at home and abroad, would have
to combat the partisans of that suspicious child to whom
the name of Henry V. was given.—(Munnurs ) To
this point had the faults and hesitations of the Alinisters
whom France had endured since the month of August
brought the country.—(Violent murmurs.) The enemies
of the public liberties were at work in the West and
throughout France. 45 to the foreign policy of the Go-
vernment, it presented nothing but faults and acts of
cruelty. If Ministers persevered in their present course,
in a few mouths, and, perhaps, in a few days, the dynasty
raised to the throne in August would be destroyed. i'4
nisters would so conduct themselves as to force Kings
every where to submit to the sovereignty of the people.—
(Here the bursts of laughter and cries of " Enough,
enough," became so loud, that the remainder of the Hon.
Deputy's speech was inaudible.)
M. Maugin replied to the different Hon. Deputies who
had defended Ministers, and then corning to the main ques-
tion, that of peace or war, said—" We are told that we
are bound by respect for treaties—we have recognised the
treaties of 1814 and 1815, and they lay down our law.
How could we have declared war in August, when we had j
neither an army nor strong places victualled and stored, 1,
for the former Government left us nothing but disorders I

and weakness? And who slid to you that Ministers ought
to declare war? They ought not to tear the treaties, but
ought they .declare that they accept them for ever ? It
for this we reproach them ; and it is for having entered
into engagements, for having declared that the treaties
of 1814 and 1815 should for ever form the law of
France, in 1830, as unfortunately they formed it after
the catastrophe of Waterloo. But was there no mean
term? You were not ready.—(Hear, hear, hear.)—This
was a reason to hate been preparing for war, instead of
losing your time in appointing Mayors and Prefects. Mi-
nisters have told us that the Govet nment would never Con-
sent to the re-un;on of Belgium with France. What ! when
au argument of territory was in question, you have
refused it without consulting the Chamber! You are
culpable, I say. For five months we have lost all our
constitutional habits. The Ministry have changed their
language since they quitted the ranks of the opposition.
What has been the conduct of Ministers with regard to
Belgium ? They ince,santly talk of . non-intervention,
and yet they threaten with war if our wishes are thwarted.
It does not appear to me that this is non-intervention.
Yesterday a new principle was advanced, that of neutrality,
We have lived 15 years under the principle of legitimacy ;
we have lived five months under the principle of non-
intervention, and by a gradual decrease shall live eight or
ten days under the principle of neutrality. As to the
question of peace or war, I call upon Ministers to explain
themselves. You have seen in the Manifesto of Poland
that Russia was coming down upon us.
M. Sebastiani—l know nothing about it.
faotrAClsr.aaNicalorawiur
tdhSooeuo'4tmdusiecprlitv,i.timnhgaecayuysofirgcseuLreHoi
rajtvaeoiwunlie.nbgnuodtngaeecCt:sons
necessary
wi
information. We do not fear war, and if Belgium should
offer herself, I would say, even at the risk of war, " Ac-
cept her." It would be a deadly war I know, but it
would be to the honour and glory of France. And, be-
sides, who would dare to attack us ? Would it be Russia ?
Sht has Poland and Turkey to contend with. Would it
be Austria? She knows that with 50,000 men we should
give her occupation in Italy. Would it be England ?
With steam-boats we could carry arms and battalions into
Ireland.—(Strong sensation. )—I here speak upon the
suppo•ition of war; but I speak only to induce Ministers
to collect all their forces for the moment of danger. Na-
tions have their treacherous sleep ; this sleep is death ; and
death is foreign invasion and partition.
_ _

The Minister of Public Instruction remarked that the
wish of the Belgians fcr their country to be reunited to
France was far from being unanimous. Some provinces
might wish it, but it would not be the case with Ant-
werp, Ghent, er Brussels, who would deeply regret be-
ing reduced to the rank of mere Prefectures.
The Minister for Foreign Affairs could not refrain from
some observations upon statements that preparations had
been in progress for making war upon France. It had
even been said, that among the documents left behind by
the Russians, upon their quitting Poland, were found or-
ders for the Polish army to march. Despatches were re-
ceived daily from the French Consul at Warsaw, and no
mention had been made of such a circumstance. Ru-
mours had prevailed of armaments in Spain, and these
had roused the attention of the Government. It had
been declared to the Cabinet of Madrid, that if these arma-
ments should exceed the ordinary forces of Spain, France
would take such precautions as would prevent her inte-
rests being compromised. No armaments had been made
by Spain ; of this the Government had not only the assur-
ance, !•ut time proof. The armaments in the north had
been considerable, and France had demanded an explana-
tion, declaring that if a Russian soldier should pass the
frontier amid enter Austria, Prussia, or any other part of
Germany, the statu quo would be regarded as broken,
and France would take counsel of her honour 'alone.—
(Cheer,)—Positive explanations were sent to the Cabinet
of Paris, and these explanations preceded the events in
Poland. The Minister concluded by stating that pacific
assurances were received from every quarter, and that
there was not the slightest probability of war.
Time close of the discussion being loudly called for, it
was put to the vote, and adopted, upon which the Chamber
adjourned.

SIT rING OF THE 29TH.

M. Casimir Perrier took the Chair at half-past one.
After the Secretary had read the proces verbal of the
Sitting of yesterday, M. de Tracy rose and said " By the
regulations of the Chamber, no Minister of the King is
allowed to have the last word in any discussion. Yet
the debate of yesterday was closed by M. Bartke's speech,
a proceeding which, if tolerated, would render Ministers
the complete masters of our deliberations."---(Hear, bear.)
M. de Riberolles protested against M. Marchall's
continuing to exercise the functions of a Deputy, inasmuch
as the Charter states that any Deputy accepting salaried
functions from the Government shall thereby forfeit his
seat in the Chamber. He was surprised to find that the
Minister of the Interior had not yet convoked the Electoral
College which had returned M. Marcia)), who had accepted
the direction of the telegraphic lines.
M. Marchall explained—He had accepted those func-
tions; but no salary was attached to them. He merely
occupied an apartment in the establishment, and did not
consider himself a salaried functionary, as he did not even
rtside in that apartment.

M. de Monialivet said that he was not in the Ministry
when the direction of the telegraph was confided to M.
Marchall; but as no salary was attached to the place, be
thought that neither his predecessor nor he could be ac-
cused of having violated the Charter, in not providing for
the re-election of M. Marchall.

M. Riberoles said, that the apartment occupied by M.
Marchall classed him among the salaried functionaries, and
required his re-election—(" No, no," from all parts of the
House.)
M. Riberoles having abandoned his objection, the Cham-
ber commenced a preparatory discussion of the project of
Municipal Law, presented by M. Humblot Comte, the
principal dispositions of which have already appeared.
M. Mareh3ol, in a very lengthened discourse, opposed
the project. He objected to the King's having the sole
power of appointing the Muniripal Authorities, and ex-
pressed a desire that the principle of election should be
introduced into the law.

M. Obernon supported the pro.ject, inasmuch as that,
if the 38,000 communes of France were allowed to elect
their Mayors, the principle of monarchy would soon be
undermined, and a Presidential chair substituted for the
throne.

Paris, JAN. 29.—Yesterday the King presided at a
Cabinet Council, which lasted from ten o'!:lock in the
forenoon, and continued up to a quarter past one in the
afternoon. His Majesty afterwards transacted business
with the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Frankfort
Envoy had his audience of leave.
(From the Temps of Saturday.)

ROME, JAN. 15.—The election of a Pope will soon be
known. Three candidates have already been excluded
by the suggestions and intrigues of diplomacy. A new
candidate has been fixed upon, who cannot be objected to,
and who has the greatest chance of success. He is a
monk, and much esteemed.
Toe reign of the King of Naples commences under the
most favourable auspices. He is paying great attention to
the affairs of his kingdom, and has declared that he will
not suffer the Austrian legate to interfere in
them any longer. The annual deficit of a million
of ducats, which existed in the Treasury, he has
covered by economy. He has reduced by half the op-
pressive duty of mouture (duty on grinding of coin), and
has also made considerable reductions in the expends of
his Anthassarlors of the Court, and in the salaries of pub-
lie functionaries in general. His Majesty has called into
activity Generals Florestan, Pepe, Filangeri, Rocca Ito
menu, and Begani. The Duke of Campo Mele has got
again into favour, and it is even reported that Count Ric-
cardi will re-enter the Ministry. The exiles of 1821,
with the exception of a few of the most of jectionable
(mautrais sujets,) have been recalled.

WARSAW, JAN. 17.—The Dictator has suppressed tLe
office of Intendant-General of the Army. The provi-
sioning of the troops is now intrusted to two Commis-
sions, one civil, and the other military. Prince Michel
RadTivill is President of the fist, and General Dareyski
Of the ktfpr.

The Courier of Cracow states the third battalions Gf
the regiments of Infantry are entirely equipped, and that
the fourth battalion only want cloaks and shoes. The
fith and sixth additional squadrons of cavalry, lately raised
and added to each regiment, are ready and well armed.
They will soon be provided with horses. Every hundred
hopes in each of the waiwodes are obliged to furnish
one. Au e4tensive. manufactory of arms has been esta-
blished,
ilnd all the forges and steam.engines in the capital
are employed in making arms. The manufactories formed
in the barracks of the Artillery will furnish 80,000 mus-
kets in a hundred days. Four hundred baggage carts are
now constructing at Warsaw, Konskie, Pi zynicka, Gawa-
rozowo, and other places. Arnie and ammunition were
sent a few days ago to the 4th battalion s ationed at tai
blin and Zamoze. The artillery is at its full war esta-
blishment, and the army will be considerably increased by
the volunteers of Kozynia, Cracovia, Alazovia, and others,
who will be of great assistance to the moveable guard.
The Minister of War has ordered all the Colonels of the
new regiments to repair instantly to their respective posts,
and makes them answerable for any misfortune that may
arise out of their absence. All the inhabitants of Warsaw

who possess any warlike" weapons, muskets,
are invited to deposit them in the town-house
20th of January. Those who shall not have
with that request, will be fined 50 florins for eel
found in their possession. f
The number of students of the University
amounts to 2,488.

fr
BRESLAW, JAN. 15.--All the accounts ..d
that the operations of the Russian army Will c°
to-day. It is to advance in two lines by "-1.1
13rzesc and Bialystock. On the 24th all the ressd
sions of grenadiers will have joined it. prof'‘ligt
scarce in Poland, it is probable that the Rossieo
teed with as much rapidity as possible.
FRANKFORT, JAN. 23.—A report too.. -- d',tu ,1
had taken place at Hildesheim was received thlsei
The Mercury of Scotia states that an edict.. d
published in Savoy, calling upon three new Clas°o4
scripts to join their corps. The Piedmontese
be raised to 120,000 men.
ed br
BERLIN, JAN. 22.—The report, repeated
jPt,
newspapers, that the King of Prussia had beePitbt
General Chpieki to mediate between Poland an
,tel.
peror of Russia, is unfounded. His Majesty arot
to adhere to his first resolution, and to lots
manner in the affairs of Poland.
v.)
(From the Journal des Debats of Saturde, 0
WARSAW, JAN. 13.—The reception of Lie°,;sl
Wyezenski at St. Petersburgh was not so fet-id
it had been at first represented. The En 3105
on a prompt and unconditional submission. aid
very difficult to obtain that from the Poles; 4,1
siasm with which they are animated is too Br:it
to extermination is therefore unavoidable. ,pi
orders are unanimous for independence. The 1 „10i
bility are divided in opinion ; some wish for e°
others for negotiation, and some have seriously :ors
the cause of the revolution and impart to it a oil 0
pulse. The Dictator is engaged in a labyri°S,(lo4
which he will find it difficult to extricate bitnse':esl-
a portion of the people begin to distrust him.
of the Diet, which is to open on the 17th, Nill ;I
stormy one. A. considerable excitement prevo,o).
the Members of the Chambers ; a difference of °V,
consequently apprehended. However, when theb'
shall have communicated to them propositions Wiwoi
no alternative but that of war or submission, rot
vote for the first, and declare the Emperor to
frited the sovereignty of Poland.
PARIS.
The Minister of the Interior received this
the special committee of the dramatic authors' 0l
directors of the theatres. He listened attentive?
observations, and promised to examine and are,t
legitimate objection they shall submit to him $
the project of theatrical legislation lately presen'
Chambers.

(From the Quotidienne of Saturday.) b
Letters received yesterday from St. Petersbulfb,
contain a single word respecting the cholera 0°0?
is probable, therefore, that the report of it 10
fested itself in that capital is unfounded.
The three commercial houses of Jacquinot,
hou, arid Thierry, at Bordeaux, have stopped
Some fear is entertained for another establishroc°
The general meeting of the shareholders of the
France took place yesterday, and resolved that octo
tion be made to Government to obtain a lan'
rize them to divide the reserve fund provided I:I
of April 22, 1806. The reserve profits aenugiole
to that date, and which amount to 7,765,650 ftiii
to be applied to that purpose. This measure WO5
to circulation some useful capitals.
(From the Journal du Commerce of Saturdst)
Count d'Aerachot, member of the Diplomatic
te! of Brussels, has arrived in Paris.
Letters from the Hague assert that the P
Orange intends soodto proceed to Russia, with 111
The Government has given orders that a 1011°
non-shot (six-pounders) shall be cast in the der
Haute Garonne. It is well known that a C0:8;
number of cannon of that calibre have been g'"
National Guard.

(From the Courier Francais of Saturday'
The sitting of the Chambers yesterday excited
riosity than that of the preceding day, and vase
decisive. Thus the Chamber has devoted t;i0?
speechifying without revealing to the nation l' roll
with which it was not already acquainted. °,/
petted to satiety that " we did not avi,h for V/ '0
" we should wait for a provocation before 10;6
it ;" and that "our policy was founded on lin r,
poi
Meanwhile the great questions of Belgium 111401
remained precisely where they were before. efoli
less it must be observed that the dignity of r',
been placed in its true light in some of those -(1.
The Minister of War has strongly shown ,the 0
between our present situation and what it sv7, f 1
At that period peace was granted by Europe t''o,P.o
but France is to-day the arbiter of peace or lite
Bignon proved that the independence ant,' rof"
Poland were guaranteed by the Powers of 0/.,,p,
that it is Russia which has violated those tres'.di
Minister of Foreign Affairs merely confined bill',
the day before) to expressions of regret. 'Pei Iti
General Lafayette, so full of patriotism, d°4oll
respect for the rights of nations, which has bee° oil'
of the illustrious General during his whole iire'
110
throughout. France and Europe.
It. was rum,ured during these two last cliol
insurrection in favour of Nicholas had broken 00 Its
saw, and that an engagement had taken place °hoe
tiers between the Russians and the Poles. 1:10
must be unfounded, for the last letters ir-dolfl,
(dated January 21), announced that tke o'l,
quiet, and that hopes were entertained of A r
rangement. i

(From the Globe of Saturday)
A merchant of Beaume, who returned on the.
St. Petersburg'', says that Russia is not in a ti!!,l
go to war with France. It is with diffic"lti.
maintains her authority in her Asiatic conquestsof
:
more than twenty of her governments re it'
tated by the cholera morbus, and cannot furni!4oll,
necessary to form sanitary cordons. Russia "",,ilOlO
more than 180,000 men against the Pole*:,o
already 120,000 men under aims. The Prot
are favouraliiy disposed towards the Polish eau"'
totem. de Dijon. _ J

(From the Constitutionnel of Saturd3P_lttil
During the last few days a considerable Po
pieces of artillery, intended for various 11,rou
country, passed through Orleans. On the 2'ooo
companies of artillery, on their way from Toil°, IS
cennes, where they are to he incirporated
regiment, also passed through Orleans.
The works at the arsenal and cannon founderlio
are carried on with the greatest activity. 11.1e,'011
tuided for the cavalry are quartered in the 11
villages.

(From the National of SaturdaP)t 04,
An extraordinary messenger arrived to-dsY laoreri
n sh Embassy, from Madrid, said to be the
tbt
Burgos' project relative to the recognition °f
Bonds. fi

ofrek
Tue receipts of the 16 first representations fro 001
at the Theatre d'Odeon, amounted to 52?„4.62cepit,c,1'1l
FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIS, JAN. 29.-Five ,'Ati
10c. Sc. 10c. Sc. 94E 94E Sc. 10c. sc. 94E 20c. 15C•rainlil
Sc. 94f. 93f. 95c. 94f. 94f. sc. ; Four per Ceuta. r
per Cents., 62f 15c. '2oc. 2.ic 30c. 25c. 30c. 25c;,'
Stock, 1,515 f. 1,517 f. 50c. ; Rente de Naples, 0",", Vol, '
64f. • Rente d'Espagne, 14• U 15; Royal Spalr 1.01
Rente' Perpetuelie d'Espagne, 47 46% % ; get' 90
315 f. Exchange on London, one mont►l, P
three months, paper, 25E-Cours Authentique. 91,4 ifiC9
FRENCH FUNDS, JAN. 2:1.-FiVe per Cents., ;0600
10,.. 20c. 15c. 10c. 91E 94f. Sc. 94E 10c. Sc.
78E 75c. ; Three per Cents., 62f. 15c. 25c. 30c.
1,525 f. 1,530 f. 1,535 f. ,• Rente de Naples, 64t• 55019
9,c. 61f. ; Rente d'Espagne, • IloYat
61,4 ; Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, G‘t4 totbh
Landon, one month, paper, 25f. 10c. ; three In
-fours Authentique.

jentil
(From the Morning Herald COITOP°.-04011,01
PARIS, JAN. 29.—Notwithstanding the god or
two days' debate in the Chamber of Deputie4A' jolLr'al
of the alarming, but, I am assured, fabricate"oop;
lished in some of the German Papers, the fir r;cl,
telligenee from Poland, the Poles in Paris clif
4popcfirig, and hold oat hOpes of success 1°
0
friends of Polish freedom lend a willing ear' io
genuine news from Poland to- day. cost"
shall spare you comments upon the late,
rt
Chamber of Deputies, as you will find the a- $1 of
for many days to come, teeming with „
then' ;o•olitafoitti
you against inferring from the apparent u°3l,:t 11'OP'
nisters on the subjects discussed, a belief t" Lies'ot
did—or does—feign in the Cabinet on those l'oot
I3ouitsc, HALF-PAST FOUR. The Stn Are tbe
41
closed herewith will show you that the Por':-
ts'eansAec ecrceolfpr
According
authenticngt
o tlheet
tgeiu.se fsrtn information
our
rpfet'oeme oPr°lB ria d • aillr:1
little or no business was transacted here to-(14
00 Jet'
(From the Times' Corresponde 000
explanations of the French MiPnrisitvea:seic:ortrlieepe.C'iclie
Deputies were interpreted by each plrtY, f rs of lid/ t`lff
in its own way. The official declaretio" sfe
of France to maintain the peace of Europe the 'her
conclusive by all moderate men ; while:.;tee t
Marshal Soult'a expression of,readiness t°

el Peace, is 11
eLance of nil
illange into th
The latest p
burgh of the 1
Was still in his
4441 P. On tl
. 'my, year's-day
tailitary fetes,
and courtiers:
he at St. Pe
Russ army.
Ihtisiastic deter
repetition of R
A f
Par s
Is bccounty the K
ge was charge(
Part of Philip
anY Precipitate
Our private
t
tuev, ed to hic
Point, of
oarc,
a 'lit had putp
"tsehtnents, c

QUART!

The politi
8:1" by dii
effrontery,
their system
who were m
uy the coxco
,/,_"leci the RI
"Lie opera,
tr"only, are
Surely, to fin
6
4 years si
1,t.3 glory.
.4
ttterature affi
than(. Eleusin
(1.41 r sex, quit
tsdairt, cop,
erlilouncied b
,Phle systen
le most forl
'Parted with
eeneY as the,

ong, muskets,
the town-house
hn shall not have
50 florins for evert

the University of

he accounts receive
issian army
two lines by the
e 24th all the reoer
lined it. pro
that the Russians 1
possible.
report that tli,te
was received this 01
ates that an edict 1
In three new classeinv
te Piedmontese sr'.

report, repeated bl;
Prussia had been
tween Poland ad tbl
His Majesty is d
ion,'tel'
and to interfere

Debars of Saturde)o
vreption of Lieut.')
h was not so fal'eur
r,O
d. The Emperto.l
ral submission. Le;
iora the Poles ; wt,"
mated is too gibe
unavoidable. pe
pendence. The
some wish for sa 01,
ne have seriously etii
impart to it a olu
'ged in a Idbyriath,o
o extricate 1)411016 si
distrust him. °h!,
on the 17th,
.xcitement prev3a4.l
; a difference of 0;
owever, when thell,
'lll propositions 1/Ic,,
r or submission, to
;he Emperor r

S. 111
for received this
;el
dramatic authors' oi
listened attentiveli
.xamine and accedee
§ubmit to him 1:601
ion lately preset)

ine of Saturday.) ,1
lm St. Petersburr,
as the cholera
report of it 10'1
founded.
s of Jacquinot,
have stopped 11,1
other establishroWi;
iareholders of the
d resolved that 10 -1
to obtain a law tcjii
fund provided 1104
'e profits accuroula.,,
; to 7,765,650 fry:o
This measure wor
Lls.
nunerce of Satury
ild
f the Diplomatic
'iris. 06,d
;sett that the ,'cy
o Russia, with her 1
rders that a
cast in the derr:ol
inown that a cus
re have been 04

'teats of Saturds)?'
s yesterday eseiteud:
ing day, and Ivarj!!
has devoted ttviji,
to the nation
acquainted. 01:'
! not wish for ciroi
ration before xve"Ø'
s founded on boll I`•'
s of Belgium slj,,/
• were before.
be dignity of fir:e':
some of those ;1V
ngly shown the ,
nd what it Iva,
NI by Europe to
)r,
i,
r of peace or W.,fr,
pendence and
Powers of ku•f'-
ited those treatiel'i,.,
ely confined hitOe
of regret. The
14:,
patriotism, J°l
which has bee° oillr
g his whole hEej

ese two last (1101:,;'
is had broken o°o3l
Al taken place 05,te!
the Pules.
last letters I.l.oll'dtf,
ed that tke
ftertained of a P

f S iturday.) ^
returned on the ,ic
>Li is not in s'tor
with difficulty
. V
lsiatic conque
rernments are e°
cannot furnish 0,4(
Itassi3
nst the Poles':.
. The Prossls7 c
"
the Polish csoie•

mei of Saturd3l,)oo
I considerable I°
`or various po:,
A. On the 0:0
ray from Touloorty
ccrporated jute
cannon founded t;(04
activity. The.lll,
tered in the nejg

of Saturday./ tad'
rrived to-daY 3,fer°t,4
d to he the be
recognition of
f 0
)resentations o(roily
od to 52,662 roPpill
4.—Five per Ceou,
4f'. 20c. 15c. 95.1 AS I.
er Cents.,
= 30c. 25c. sc.ri
Naples, 6-11,;"po! V;!
3Yal SpaVh roytlf
rgttrimltit, 41)31)er' f 0),
ihenlique. f ,
per cents., ',,.•ourr-3,,,1
,Oc. sc. 94f. L':
. 25c. 30c. '2v%il 07'4
aples Royall'4'o4o',
' ; l-;ifftf,
34 N. to,
; three won
,

0101 j
Ild Correspon 0011 ,
:anding the r.nd
of Deride* ''rtielt:i
Librie3ted love
, in the r.os:/
?ers, .
13410 qrf,
)1 success to fivre
willing ear.
1.•

eoi°
on the late derjst°l
II find the 136r1: 1
0(
vith then; ~„tj
)parent
a belief tho joor
e t on those Veil 1
e Stc'el' re Celt!
at the public spe
10
ace or war.
Inn Poland 00(.1
In
:d here to-jY•
rrespondent.) den
liyate corre9l/°;bo pt OV,'O
isters in the
,ce
p.irty, for Per ibe 640.,
declarations a! idt
of Europe, 'de eaatif
while °m ate
line's to dictate