The Sun.
London, England, 1831-08-15 00:00:00

eau has accepted the resignation of the Patriarch
Ephraim, Bishop of the Armenians, on account of his ad-
vanced age and infirmities, and has sent him a most gra-
cious letter, with the insignia of the Order of St. An-
drew, and has confirmed Bishop Juannes in the dignity of
Patriarch, beitv one of the two (mandates proposed hy
him and the assembled ch.rgy of Etchinendiine.
A despatch from Fief'-111arshal Paskewitsch, dated July
17, gives an account erf his arrangements for passing the
Vistula, Count Pah'en having alreitly crossed with his
vanguard. The movements of the detached corps_ were
also executed with sui.cess, and the troops in Lithuania,
end those left at Lunn, to pursue General Ciielgud,
are on their march to rejoin the main army. since
the corps of Gielgud is destroyed. The Commander-in-
Chief was going to commence further operations, and an
account 01 the result is every moment expected.

Up to the 27th July th::re had arrived at Cronstadt
1,098 ships, sail, l 718.
AmnuttG, AUG. B.—The Nirokti I. arrived at Lubcelt
on the 4.th lose., after Living obtained In at'que at Carbi-
erona, tel on Thursday next wil,4tart again for St. Peter,-
burgh.

The other steam ho It, the Alexandra, Ciptai❑
is expected from London at tho end of August, and in
ten or twelve days a.terwards will also go to Cronstadt.

~ •
BORSEN nALLE, FOUR O'CLOCK.—Stneks to-day wenr
somewhat higher and more in demand, and there were few

sellers,

End of August.
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per cent.
Anglo-Russian Loan
Hamburg-Russian Loan
Polish Bonds ss
Austrian Bank Shares 9SO
Austrian Metalliques
New Austrian 4 per Cent.
New Hanoverian 5 per Cents.

Although unwilling at the present moment, un-
necessarily to press any measure on the attention of
Government, we rejoice that the affairs of Ireland
must shortly receive at their hands the most serious
consideration We feel no surprise that the Go-
vernment should shrink from the task. Ireland is
an Augean stable—abuse pervades every institution
—in every ramification, and the wretchedness end
misery of her people is only exceeded by the moral
degradation of the faction that has for ages insulted
and oppressed them. Fortunately for the honour
of the present Government very little of the odium
arising from the present state of Ireland attaches to
them—the infamy is divided among their predeces-
sors, who for ages sanctioned- and encouraged re.
pine, violence, and misrule, till it ultimately ripened
into a system by which the ruling faction surren-
dered part of the spell to the boroughmongers of
England, to secure their support, and the borough-
mongers of England bartered that support to share
the plunder of the Irish people. It has been a
regular practice for ages to drown the cries of the
Irish people against their oppressors, amid the din
of military coercion, and by military means to en-
force the execution of the law in all its terrors, de-
spoiled of the milder attributes of mercy and justice.
Every measure honestly brought forward to afford
relief to the great body of the Irish people, the
ruling faction, in possession of all the places of
power and profit, and secure in the support of mili-
tary
force, have contrived to pollute with their
venom, and deprive of the healing benefits they
were expected to produce. The Union has existed
upwards of thirty years, and what has been its
fruits ? The present misery of Jreland answers the

Autry.
Emancipation has been more recently granted,
he expected benefits from which the faction have
hitherto in a great measure frustrated, and will spare
no exertion, if possible, to destroy, and such has
been, and will continue to be, the case with every
minor measure intended to benefit the Irish people,
while the present system is permitted to exist.
Absenteeism, on the mischiefs of which much
has been said, is both a cause and an effect of the
wretched system. Men possessed of estates, ori-
ginally derived from confiscation, either will not
remain to witness the misery, or encounter the
dangers it occasions, but abandon the land, and
seeking abodes in England, France, or Italy, keep
up no connection with their tenants or estates, save
through agents, who, if they obtain some fifty per
cent. more than a fair rent to support the absentee
landlord in luxury abroad, are permitted, by way of
remuneration, to appropriate to themselves, under
any pretexts, as touch of the remaining produce as
they can. One of the readiest means that presented
of effecting this object was the division of the
tenants' holdings, and letting each parcel at an in-
c eased rent, till, by continued divisions, subletting
and subdivisions, the land in some districts has been
carved out into the smallest possible portions, and
let at the highest possible rents that could he ob-
tained from the et:ger competition of a starving po-
pulation, which the system generated, till they no
longer yield the wretched occupants sufficient to
support the most miserable existence.
To remedy or palliate these crying miseries an
introduction of the Poor Laws into Ireland is now
generally contemplated ; and much as we deprecate
the abuses of the Poor Laws in England (arid great
are their abuses), we do not know, as a means of
effecting a speedy palliation of the existing evils,
that a better course can be adopted. The Poor
Laws, however, will visit with some degree of retri-
butive justice many who have contributed to the
miseries of Ireland, who, to avert them, propose
that cultivation should be carried into new districts,
and recourse had to emigration ;—but the cultiva-
tion of new distrets on the old principle would end
in extending the existing•evil, and emigration nn a
scale to afford any great and permanent relief is im-
practicable. If, indeed, any considerable body of
the population could be simultaneously removed,—
the abuses of Government as simultaneously re-
medied, and the remaining population advanced at
once in•moral dignity, the desired result might be
obtained ; but without this, the void created would
be speedily filled up by beings equally wretched
while the drain of any limited and practicable scale
of emigration would, under any circumstances (wit-
ness the drain on human life during a protracted
war), afford little if any permanent relief, though it
should not be discouraged.
Whatever measures, however, may be contem-
plated, or brought forward, none can afford an effec-
tual remedy for the miseries entailed on Ireland by
a long continued system of misrule, unless accom-
panied by a total change in THE SPIRIT of her Go-
vernment and all her institutions—Church, Ma-
gistracy, Grand Juries, Police, Yeomanry, &c. The
Government, instead of being a Government of a
faction, and for a faction, must become a .Govern-
ment of, and for, the nation,—the faction that has so
long oppressed and abused the great body of the
Irish people must he repressed, and the people
raised, till placed on the same level, and both are
compelled by circumstances to fuse together. There
must be no distinction of party or sect,—fro favour-
itism,—the just rights of the Catholic must be up-
held and maintained with the same zeal (and no
greater),as those of the Protestant,—the violence of'
both bere pressed with equal energy,—and the boasted
equality of political, rights no longer remain a fiction
of law, as regards seven-eighths of the population.
We have hardly • room for a word on the Irish
Yeomanry—the Newtownharry affair is fresh in
the recollection of our readers—seventeen persons
were slaughtered on that unhappy occasion--=-the'
officers deny having given any orders to fire—tint