The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-24 00:00:00

SPORTING IN TLLLIGEJCE

NEWMARKET HOUGHTON MEETING, 1838.
In addition to the Stakes, &c,, which appeared in our paper
a few days since, the following matches have been made :
MONDAY.
Match, 50. T.Y.C.—Mr, Pettit's Sir Francis, 3 yrs, 9st., agst
General Yates's Siroc, 2 yrs, 6st. 71b.
FRIDAY'.
Match, 200, h. ft. Last mile of Ab. M.—Lord Suffield's Arse-
nic, 5 yrs, Bst. 71b., apt Lord Stradbroke's The Fifer, 4 yrs,
7st. 31b.

INTELLIGENCE EXTRA.
NEWMARKET CRAVEN MEETING, 1840.

FRIDAY.

Match, 200, h. ft. R.M.—Lord Lichfield's Firefly, Sister to
Phosphorus, asst Duke of Portland's f. by Plenipotentiary, out of
Thebes; Bst. 71b. each.

PEDES7'RIAIVISM

MATCH EXTRAORDINARY —Harris, the pedestrian, who
walked 1,500 miles in 1,000 hours at Finchley, in August
last, has now undertaken to walk 1,750 miles in one thousand
successive hours, for two hundred sovereigns, being one mile
and three quarters in each hour—a feat hitherto unaccom-
plished. He commenced his task in the Battersea-fields at
eight o'clock on Monday morning, starting from the Duchess
of York to the measured distances and back again. At ciAt
o'clock last night he was as fresh as when he began his arduous
labour, and entertains no doubt of final success, though odds
are considerably against him. He performs three miles and a
half at a time, and begins his several journeys about 38 mi-
nutes past the hour, which leaves him 22 minutes for the per-
formance of his mile and three quarters, which he has hitherto
completed in about two minutes under the time. Having
waited the strikinr of the hour, he then immediately starts
upon his second hour's task, which, having performed in like
manner, he retires for refreshment arid rest; by this arrange-
ment he secures to himself repose for about one hour and a
quarter in every two hours. Great numbers flocked from
town yesterday to witness this performance. Immense bets
are said to depend upon the result.

The Duke and Duchess of I3eaufort, accompanied
by the Marquis of Worcester and Lady Augusta Somerset,
were to leave Venice on Saturd,y for this country. Badminton
will be full of company during December and the succeeding
month.

The Marchioness of Downshire and Lady Char-
lotte Hill have returnerl to town f orn a visit to the Countess
of Plymouth, at Knoale Park, hear Sevenoaks.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster in-
tend qu'aing ILlkyn House. in Fiintshire, for Eaton Hall,
in Cheshire, on Monday or Tuesday next.
Earl Amherst and Lady Sarah Amherst returned
to Montreal Hall on Siturday, from a visit to the Cuuntess of
Plymouth, at Knowle Park, Sevenoaks.

The Earl of Mayo is passing the season at Pal-
merston House, near Naas, in the county of Kildare.

The Earl of Haddington is entertaining a party at
Tyningham House, in Hadaingtonshim
The Earl of Sandwich and Mr. Bingham Baring
arrived in town, from Hinchinbroke, on Saturday last.

The Earl of Balcarras is passing the season at Haig
Hall, in Lancashire. _ _ .

The Earl and Countess of Brownlow are expected
to arrive at Nice early in the next ensuing m.mtb. The Noble
Lord has taken a mansion there for six months.

The Earl and Countess of Hillsborough left Cla-
rendon Park on Montlay lest, after passing several days with
Sir Frederick and Lady Bathurst, for Frampton House, Dor-
set, on a visit to Mr. R. Brinsley Sheridan.

Sir Frederick Stovin arrived in town yesterday from
Windsor Castle.

Admiral Sir Harry Buzzvd and Lady Neale are
entertaining a select party of fashionables at their romantic
scat, Walhampton, in the New Forest, to which her Ladyship
recently returned from a Continental tour.
Mr. Lyne Stephens intends, in about a fortnight,
to remove the whole of his splendid establishment to Paris
for the winter.

Mr. CodrinGton, the Duke of Beaufort's son-in-law,
[eft town yesterday to join the hounds at Badminton. _ _

Baton Stockmar is gone on a visit to his relatives
in Germany.
Lord Alford, Hon. Wm. Bagot, and other young
noblemen and gentlemen, left Vienna early in the month, for
Prince Esterhazy's chateau, by special invitation.
Lord Melgund, M,P., is on a visit to the Earl Fitz-
william, at Wentworth House, Yorkshire,
Lord Vernon has taken a mansion on the Marine
Parade, Brighton, for the winter season. His Lordship has
also taken the residence of the late Mrs. Fitzherbert, in Park-
lane, for a term of years.
Lord Rokeby went to the Continent in ill health,
in consequence of a fall from his horse, at Melton Mowbray, in
the spring of this year, when the right leg was broken. We
hear that his Lordship is in Italy, and are! sorry to add that the
accounts of the state of his health are unfavourable.
Earl Cadogan has joined his Countess and the
Ladies Augusta and Honoria Cadogan at Venice, from the
south of France After staying in Paris during the Carnival
the family purpose returning to town:
Lord and Lady Mahon are expected to remain a
month or six weeks at Walmer Castle. Lord and Lady
Stanhope and the Lady Wilhelmina will be unavoidably absent
from the christening of the 1,J..b1e Lord's son and heir, being
at present in Italy.
The Marquis de Noailles has just died at Paris.
LADY JOHN RUSSELL—Her Ladyship's accouch-
nient took place on Friday last, at the marine villa of Lord
J:ihn, iu Sussex-square, Kemp Town, and with her infant
daughter is doing well. Her Ladyship has now six children,
four by her first husband, and two by her second marriage.
Miss Lister, at present in waiting at Windsor Castle on her
Majesty, is expected to arrive on a visit to Lady John Russell
at the expiration of her month of attendance. Lord John Rus-
sell is exp-cted in Wilton-crescent to-day, from Brighton, to
meet Earl Spencer and the Premier.
Lady Theodosia Spring Rice has rallied since her
arrival in town;and by the advice of her medical attendants,
Dr. Chambers and Mr. Pennington, will leave the Chancel-
lor of the Exchequer's r,s;dence in Downing street next week
for St. Leontlard's-on- S-a or Hastings, for the benefit of the
sea air. Miss Spring Rice, Maid of Honour to the Queen, is
on a visit to Mr. and Mrs. Marshall, at Wheetwood Hall, near

Leeds.
COWES, OCT. 22.—The Earl of Yarborough's
yacht, the Kestrel, hait-en la,cl up in the Medina for t he winter;
and the Menai, Albatross, Pearl, Marquis of Anglesea, and
other yachts, are dismasting. The Noble • Commodore has
left for town, on his way to: Broeklesby Hall. Lord Seaham,
son of the Marquis and Marchioness of Li.ndon,,erry, is still
sojourning► here. His Lordship, and the Hon.• Mr. and Mrs.
Worsley Holmes, Mr. Mackinnon, M. P., and other fa-
shionables, attended the annual ball at Yarmouth on Friday last.
KNOWLE PARK.—This beautiful residence has
been the scene of more gaiety this month than for some years
past. Among the nobility who have been visiting the Coun-
tess of Plymouth are the Marchioness of Dowoshire, Earl
aqd Countess Delawarr and Lady Elizabeth West, Earl Am.
herst, Lady Sarah Amherst; Lady Charlotte Hill, &c.
MINrO CASTLE NEAR IlAwicK.—The Earl of

.......
Minto will leave for the Admiralty on Monday next, having
received despatches from town, requiring his attendance. The
Countess and the younger branches of the family will remain
until the middle of November. Among the recent visitors of
the Earl and Countess have been Lord and Lady Aber-
eromby, the Speaker, Mr. and Lady Mary Abereromby,
the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. John Elliott, Mr. Charles and Lady
Mary Wood, &c.
The Birmingham Railway Company are now trying
to break faith with the inhabitants of several of the places'
where, stations were promised to be made; and even are en-
deavouring, if they can with impunity, to abolish the Wolver-
ton station This is rather too bad, after having driven the
coaches off the road.—Northampton Herald.
His Highness the Grand Duke of Lucca was in-
vited yesterday afternoon by his Royal Highness the Duke of
Cambridge, who was attended by Capt. Stephens, Equerry to
his Royal Highness. His Grace the Archbishop of Canter-
bury, Count St. Martin D'Aglie, Count Frederick
.de Thun
Hohenstein, Baron Cape!, &c., were among, the distinguished
visitors at Mivart's Hotel yesterday to his Highness. The
Marquis Conyngham, Lord Chamberlain, visited hsldliivgishiinsets:,
on Saturday afternoon. Yesterday his Highness pia
several Members of the Royal Family and the formn diplo-
matists. On Monday evening his Highness dined with their
Royal Hignesses the Prince and Princess of Capua.
Yesterday afternoon Mr. Carttar held an inquest at
the Blue Anchor, St. Paul's Cray, Kent, on the body of John
Deevea, aged 67, a labourer in the employment of Lord Wyn-
rm:d. The deceased was found dead in a ditch on his Lord-
ship's land, on Sunday morning. It appeared in evidence, that
:he deceased was a man of exemplary regularity of conduct,
:)!It that he had been some time in delicate health He received
or wages on Saturday, arid after his family had remained
the whole of the night in a mate of the most distressing sus-
pense, the man was found next morning-dead, and the money
in his pocket. Verdict—Died from natural causes.

CORN-LAW FALLACIES, WITH TEE

ANSWERS.

(Continued from The Sun of Monday.)

154.—N0t only would four-fifrhs, at least, of the land now
in cultivation cease to yield a rent, but one half of the land now
cultivated would cease to be tilled at all. Let us see how
this would operate.
In estimating the traffic between the men of the country
and the men of the town, it is necessary, if we would get
at the
.truth, to put out of sight the distinctions of
labourers, farmers, and landlords. We can dispense with
rents, we can dispense with wages, with profits, in those
shapes and under those names ; but we cannot dispense with
production. For every bushel of wheat that the soil of Eng-
land produces less, a purchaser to the amount of a bushel of
wheat is taken from the English manufacturer. Reduce the
tillage of England by one-half, and you reduce the home trade
of Eng►and one half. If the agriculturist have not to sell, he
cannot buy.—Birmingham Jinirnal. Oct. 20, 1838.
ANSWER.—The statement of consequences is enor
mously ex Iggei ated. But let that pass. For argument's sake
let. it be admitted, that no objection shall ba made to that.
" For every bushel of wheat at famine price that
the soil of England produces less, a purchaser to the amount
of a bushel of wheat at famine price is taken from the Eng-
lish manufacturer." The words in Italics are what wanted
adding. If Birmingham were surrounded with a wall of
brass, for the sake. of confining the people to such corn as
should be grown in flower-pots on the tops of houses, and
cetting more hours' work for a peck of wheat in conse-
quence, the men of Birmingham might equally be told, that
for every peck'of wheat less that was produced in flower-pots,
a purchaser to the amount of a peck of wheat was talc, n
from the Birmingham manufacturer. But surely the men
of buttons would never stand this. They would cry, "To
the d-1 with such purchasers, end let u 4 open our gates to 1'
out-doors corn."

155:—We shall not complicate this view by an atterml to
calculate the consequence of the overflow of superfluous agricul-
tural labourers upon the town population. That manufactur-
ing wages::must fall from that cause also, is too plain to re-
quire proof.—ld.
A.—lt would be very hard to persuade the men of but-
tons to cry out for keeping fast their gates, lest the waterers
of flower-pots should conic and increase the labourers in the
button trade. They would see that an effect of this
ould take place to a certain extent, but for evrry flolA er-
pot waterer added to the button-makers, a demand fUr fifty
button-makers would be created by opening Birmingham to
supply buttons for the world.

156.—We rat the case simply on the fact—that the quan-
tity of agricultural produce being immensely diminished, the
demand for manufactured goods, against which that produce is
now exchanged, must experience a corresponding diminution.
—ld..
A.—The quantity of corn grown in flower-pots being
immensely diminished by opening the gates, the demand for
buttons for the breeches of the flower-pot growers roust ex-
perience a corresponding diminution,
The mistake is in thinking that the button-maker wants
only to exchange his buttons, and does not care for what.
That he is just as ready to exchange a gross for a peck of
wheat under the system of shutting up the gates, as for a
bushel under an open trade..

157,--But, the diminution will be made good out of the
increase of our foreign trade, it is answered. Let us see.
Observe, we speak not of ultimate, but of immediate issues.
It is a constant defect in the reasonings of economists, other-
wise so round and unassailable, that the element of time is
never remembered in them.—ld. _

A.—lt is always easy to have a gird at the political
economists. " Let us see," then, what comes of it in the
present instance.

158.—We are told that the ports being open, the inhabi-
tants of Poland will exchange their wheat against our cottons.
Two, ~hree, five, ten years -hence they may; but what will
haupen this year, and the next? The Polish farmer, and the
Polish lord have already all that their manner of life, and the
desires and wishes which years have confirmed into habit, in-
cite them to seek after. —ld.
A.—The Poles have no more got- used to do7ng without
Erglish manufactures if they could get them, than our
starving manufacturers have to doing without Polish corn.
One set may be starved in back and the other in belly ; but
depend on it, neither side have got used to it, if they knew
how to help themselves.

159.—We must eradicate old habits, we must implant new
desirYs and wishes, before we can hope materially to extend
our commerce in Poland or elsewhere.—ld.

A.—Allow a Hull captain to take out a cargo of Birming-
ham goods, and freely sell the corn be buys with the roubles
the goods will fetch ; and see whether he will be stopped
or stayed by this philosophy.

160. —And, in the mean time, we must purchase wheat with
gold—because there is no other commodity for which the owners
will, in the mean time, exchange it. Here comes in another
element that the economists, in their calculations, do not seem
evon to dream of. A single had harvest, will, in three months,
drain the Bank of England of its last sovereign. IVhat comes
thtn ?—/d. _ _

A.—You are to be prevented buying corn, then, lest you
should buy corn with gold. Tuis is the paternal caution
that is felt for you. But why are- you not prevented from
buying hemp, lest you should buy hemp with gold ? And
if you do buy hemp with gold, what is the consequence,
but to make a new trade in gol I ; and " what comes then?"
If gold pieces go out, the value of those that remain at
must rise, and this must cause a trade to bring in ma.
terials for more from the places where gold grows. The
trade with gold abroad, can go on no longer than the gold
is worth more to us abroad than it is at home. The whole,
therefore, resolves itself into a currency fallacy ; for which
the people of Birmingham will be as famous, as ever they
were in their time for bad half-pence.

I6l.—Why, the inevitable consequence, as soon as the
drain sets fairly in, would be a restriction of discounts ; as it
prweeded, their entire refusal;
.what comes after that, we have
more than once experienced, by approximation—the extinction
of all trust and credit in the kingdom, and a national bank-
ruptcy.— ld.
A.—lt has been shown, that where there is a drain out,
there is a drain in ; and fa•ter than there was a drain in,
beyond a given limit, the gold would not go out. The people
of Birmingham might as well be advised to stop their trade
in everything else, and live on their buttons. The hypo-
chondriac who was afraid to leave his chair, because he
should leave his bowels sticking to the place, was only a
type of the caution proposed to them.

162.—We do not, in setting these things bt,fore the public,
seek to repress or discourage discussion of the Corn-lavvi; we
do not seek to oppose their repeal. We merely wish to show,
wilat would be thy inevitable result of their repeal, if unac-
companied by other measures.—ld.
A.—That is to say, you wish to puzzle the question with
the currency fallacy, and so frighten people into postpone-
ment. Nothing further.

163.—We should not have dwelt upon the difficulties of
this question, which so many men, so many women, and so
many children, have, for the last five months, been canvassing,
with quite as much confidence as knowledge, did we not be-
lieve and trust, that there is a safe road out of them. Whether
the people and the economists will take that road, or, rather,
allow the monetarians to take it for them, we cannot say—we
hope they will.—ld.
A.—the Lord preserve us from the money-doctors!
The Horse-Guards Blue know a great deal more about
the matter. There would be no persuading the private
gentlemen of that distinguished corps, that they were
deeply concerned in having twice as many pieces of
money for their daily pay, each p4;ce to buy half as much:
as now ;. or that other people wera to be much interested
in it either. • .

•
164.—F0r the present, we think, we base said sufficient,
were there no other grounds on which to rest our argument,
to shoo; that they who counsel the postponement of every other
question in order to agitate the repeAl of the Corn-
know exceedingly little of the consequences which they are
so earnestly labouring to bring about. —ld.
A.—Perhaps rather lamely proved. Nobody
.wants to
postpone anything ; nothing that is good is in any. such
hurry to come. But do not let us be persuaded to go on
with Birmingham shut up and kept on flower-pots, for fefar
the sky should fall upon our heads on altering. And i
there is all the peril now, when is it to be less ? Arc We
waiting for a deluge of paper money, to be issued by private
banktrs who.put the amount into their pocket ?
(To BE CONTINUED.)

THE ROBBERY AT ROTIISCIIILD S. ve have
hltothsebi Id•
already mentioned the apprehension,
officer
We understand he was ctuted b Goddard, an active
on
J. Greene, charged with the robbery
f embarking
of Bow.street police establishment in the act o
of the
part board a vessel for New York, and the greater ; im.
f the day
midiately cons eyed to London. 01 the evening 0
money embfzzled was found in his possession, and by 0.111
ab-
on which the misguided youth (who is only ninetee
a,t)fPmismesosrust.l of Samui
seonded, he was. in the company of two companions,Bay
men of respectability, to whom he exhibited a roll of
England notes, remarking at the time that he could boast ".
m
having more money than either of his friends could produce ,
but they, knowing that he held a responsible situation. thoughtas
nothing more than usual of the circumstance, particularly. d
they had observed, on previous occasions, th4t he came
great deal of money about him. On the same evening be in
Bank young
formedy the landlady of the house in which he and his mother.
resided, that he had left a note in the room, addressed to his
parent, she being absent from home at the time. He then
quitted the house, and never returned. The officer: shortly-
after made their appearan,p, and the contents of the letter,
whichclda nimtowotsahesed bank n
rf
found
ds
shall l
containlen to
ev theerthe
n ,eea
you
ololurwt again
gnogaf
net::
nOml. ,
uc beingatne x:
—a -
I am go
America. Your affectionate son, S. Greenc."The:e t
salary
he received from the Messrs. Rothschild was veer y liberal, a""
-ncli would hive sepported him in a reqr•ct,ible and bee"'
nig manlier; and there se: s, moreover, a prospect held out to
him of future advancement; but lately he had become Of very
dissipated and extravaga4t habit's.

MESNE PROCESS.

TO THE EDITOR OF TFIE SUN.

Sin,—ln reference to the article in this evening's Sun,
stating that as regards the acceptances of small traders.
who accept for sums varying from 301. to 230/., the honour
of an acceptance will be the exception, and not. the rule.
Allow me to say that I suspect your correspondent to be
one of those men who prey upon the necessities of small
tradesmen. From 50 to 200 per cent, per annum is the
rate which these worthies bare charged thoughtless, inex-
perienced, or simple men, relying on the power of arrest
to make their victims, or the relations of victims, pay the
amount of the bill. 1 know an instance in which one of
these discounters discounted and renewed a bill for 301.
six times over, each time at two months, receiving each
time 10/. discount, and at last swearing that the par: ies,
the drawer, the acceptor, and tin indoser, were justly and
truly indebted to him, sent all three to a prison ; it was
then that the friends of two of these unfortunate men camp
forward and released them, and thus for an original loan of
201. the discounter, within thirteen months, received 13014
and. sent three men to prison, perhaps sharing with hi;
attorney in the costs. From what I have heard, such
things have not been uncommon, and if the abolishing of
arrest on mesne process will tend to make these usurers
more chary of their discounts, it will be conferring a benefit
on society. It is evident that a man who borrows money
at such exorbitant rates must be ruined, and ought not to
be trusted. The result of such conduct in a small trades-
man is, that the usurer eats up his property, and his trade
creditors, who only charge him fair profits, lose their entire
deb's. C. D.
Queen-street, Oct. 23.

TEMPERANCE SOuIET Y.-THE

WINE TRADE.

The festival of the North London Aux;liary of the New
British and Foreign Temperance Society took place at the
London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, when a lecture upon
ancient and modern wines was delivered by the Rev. F.
Beardsall, of Manchester. The large room of the tavern
was crowded in every part, and at half-past six the chair
was taken by S. M. Gilbert, Esq.
After a statement of the progress of the Society lad
been made by the Secretary, Mr. Green, and a brief ad-
dress from the Rev. Dr. Tracy of Chelsea,
The REV. LECTURER, who was provided with an inA-e-
-nious chemical apparatus, presented himself to the meeting
and was loudly cheered. He commenced by stating the
diffidence he felt in taking so prominent a part on so im-
portant and interesting an occasion ; but he was deeply im-
pressed with the truth of the results at which he had ar-
rived, and he felt that the subject was one intimately con•
netted with the moral and physical welfare of the British
people. He disavowed any intention to assail private cha-
racter—his object was to expose the system adopted in the
manufacture of wines in this country, and to point out their
injurious influence upon the habits and morals of the people at
large. The Rev. Gentlemen then proceeded to cite authorities
for the purpose of showing that the term " wine" was ap-
plicable to the unfermented and unintoxicating juice of the
grape, as. well as to the fermented and intoxicating liquor
to which the term " wine" was ordinarily applied. Among
the authorities on this point wtre Rees' Encyclopaedia,
Brown, Dr. Adam Clarke's Commentaries, Saunders, &c.
He maintained that the unfermented juice of the grape, to
which the Society did not object, was the legitimate wine
authorised by the Scriptures, and that it might be pre-
sA-ved in that state for any length of time. He then
pointed out the various words in the original Hebrew to
which the term wine had been applied, and argued from the
root or derivation of these several terms that where wine was
spoken of in the Scriptures in terms of approbation, reference
was made to the unfermented juice of thegrape, and where its
use was condemned and reprobated, the fermented and in-
toxicating juice was alluded to. An anecdote was then
related of a certain King of Persia, who put by grape juice in
bottles till it fermented, and on ascertaining the change that
had taken place, and being ignorant of its new powers, had
the bottles labelled " poison," arid put away. One of the
ladies of the Court who was labouring under severe indis-
position, resolved to put an end to her exigence, and drank
some of the fermented juice—it composed her to sleep, and
she awoke free from pain. The use of fermented wine in
Persia had its origin in this circumstance, and the people
of that country called it " delightful poison." Some grapes
were then produced, and the expressed juice subjected to
the process of distillation, for the purpose of showing that
it contained no alcohol or spirit. Port and sherry wines,
sent to the lecturer for the purpose of being tested, were
shown to contain a large quantity of alcohol. Some ancient
wine preserved in an unfermented state, and said to be
more than two hundred years old, was then exhibited, and
was tasted by many persons present. The Lecturer then
referred to modern willies, and declared it to be his decided
conviction, frim having maturely investigated the question,
that four-fifths of the wine told in Great Britain was ficti-
tious, and manufactured without the juice of the grape.
According to the entries in the Custom-house books, the
quantity of wine shipped from Oporto to Guernsey, in
1812, was 135 pipes and 20 hogsheads=, and in the same
year there was landed in the London Docks alone, from
Guernsey, professing to be port wine, 2,54.5 pipes and 162
hoc.sheads.—(Great laughter.) In 1826 the number of
pipes of wine exported from Oporto to the Channel Islands
wits 38, and the number sent from thence to London was
293.—(A laugh.) In 1827t1i e number was London. In
99, and the
same number of pipes were shipped thence to
had manufactured
1823 the number was 0e
wlch they
none from Oporto, and
shipped to
into 75. In 18290 n 9
0I
they
receivedn
1830 they received none, and
shipped for London 247. And in 1833 they received none,
and shipped
to London 862 pipes.—(Great laughter.) Out
of 38,479
plpes o3f6wine shipped from Oporto in 1835, not
less than pipes were imported into London.
The Rev. sGentleman then read a receipt for the manu-
facture of port
.wine, which comprised red beet-root,
brandy, sugar, logwood, rhAtany root, &e., and related an
anecdote of a carpet-manufacturer who, on hearing the
Oh, now understand why, when
list read, exclaimed—_" O.
the d ks to purchase logwood, I have al-
ways have gone to
found one of the principal,
,wine-merchants there pick-
ingways —(Great laughter and cheer-
out the choice pieces.
for manufacturing champagne, madeira
cheer-
ing,) Receipts
&c., were then read to the meeting, none of them contain-
ingA statement wh's,...h had appeared in
any grape Juice.
one of the
London pipers a short time since was then re-
ferred to, relative to the
ee wine
wines manufacturing e
were
rr
e
esta-
blishments Marseilles.
shipped to Madeira, and after being branded, were dispersed
all Alaryira wine, being minus merelyped
ali over the world
the juice of the 'rape. Ihe Lecturer then read a list of
the ingredients;seddin the manufacture of fictitious wines,
) sum, blood, lime, beet -root, bay
salt, included bran
lead, whortle-berrit:euesseet--
salt, oyster-shells,
briar, cherry-laurel,g.g.wisiter, Carnpecby-wood, red sa' nders-
Brazil-wood, molasses, chips, saw-dust,
laughter.
wood, arsenic,
damsons, hickory-nuts, &c., &c. The
tany-root,
of this catalogue. excited great
reading
The Lecturer then proceeded to state some in stances of
persons w
ho had lost their lives from drinking wine adulte-
rated with lead and other deleterious ingredients. The
authority of several eminent medical men was cited to show
the injurious consequences
.resulting from the use of wines,
and a list of the diseases
ie blotched and bloated originatingcoun-
tenance in the use of wine was
read. Pictures exhibiting tl
of a drunkard, and the effects produced on the
brain by apoplexy, were exhibited ; and after some further
observations the Lecturer concluded by expressing his readi-
ness to answer any questions that might be put to him.
Mr. WALKER, a BritiSh Champagne wine manufacturer,
then addressed the meeting, and denied, in the most positive
terms, the statements of the Lecturer, so far as regarded
British Champagne. After some interruption he called
upon Mr. Ihardsall for his authority.
Mr. BEARDSALL said he had taken his statements from
Addison's " 'Fader," 131, and referred Mr. Walker to
" Aceum's Culinary Poisons," where the same statements
were repeated.
Mr. WALKER observed that these referred to Foreign
and nbt British wines. He himself had tried water, and
after six weeks was obliged to give it up, as he found it was
hurrying him fast to the grave.—(Great laughter.)
Mr. BEAttusALL pointed to the great number of ath-
letic and hard-working men in the room, who had, some of
them, for years abstained from all intoxicating drink.—
(Loud cheering.)
Some questions were afterwards put by a medical gentle-
man, named Power, and a vote of thanks to time Chairman
laving been moved by Dr. Oxley, the meeting broke up.

Saturday a -----
dreadful accident occurred to the light
Salisbury coach, which leaves Salisbury at ten o'clock, to
join the Southampton Railway at the
station,'clock train to London ;
Wingfield :and Hartley-
row
so as to go by the three o
on passing down Hushaud-hill, between Basingstoke and
Andover, the bit of one of the horses caught in the hook of
the pole, and before the coachman could pull up to put on the
break to the wheels, the coach overturned, by which the
coachman broke his right arm, and dislocated his shoulder.
One Passenger, a mechanic, on whose industry his aged
father alone depended, was so much hurt that be died the same
afternoon ; a gentleman also, injured about the head, was
taken to his residence at Andover without the slightest hope
of recovery ; a young woman bad her leg broken, and great
doubts are entertained as to her ultimate fate; two other
passengers had limbs broken, and the rest (except the Rev.
Mr. Fowl, of Winchfield) were all more or less bruised. Both
the leaders were killed on the spot. The Bang- Up coach
from Worcester to Wolverhampton was upset on Sunday
morning -at the Cross, Worcester, immediately after starting
from the Unicorn Inn, in consegwrice of the stepping asunder
of the hind axle. There were several outside passengers, two
or three .of whom received severe contusions, but none, it is
hoped, of a dangerous nature, the whole being able to proceed
on their journey as soon as a fresh coach was procnrcds

PERUVIAN BONUS.

(Prom the hneS.)

From the annexed documents it would appear that tifi
attempt is about to be made by the new Government of
Peru to redeem their lost credit in Europe, by oti,ginating
some measures for the relief of the English bondholders
under the leans raised here in 1824. Their case is as
strong, or perhaps stronger, than that of any other suf-
ferers in the same way, since those loans which were
brought forward in the very height of the prosperity-fever
of that time fetched the highest prices of any of those ne-
gotiated for the Transatlantic States. The shares in the
second loan were sold at a sort of auction or public bid-
ding in the Royal Exchange, and the scene which then
took place, through the eagerness of the numerous cern-
vtitors for it, was probably without any parallel since the
days of the South Sea bubble, the descriptions of which
figure in the accounts of that period. The current price
obtained was about 90 per cent.; the same stock has sub-
sequently been ,as low a 3 9, or it may rather be said has
become utterly unsaleable ; the dividends upon it are
unpaid since 182.5. There have rarely occurred any
quotations of it lately in the official list, and there
appears to have been no speculation excited b!, the arrival
of these documents, which announce officially-what the in-
tentions of the Peruvian Government are in this matter,
which is to be taken as a sign that the public mind is very
much sobered down from that state of excitement which
such announcements as these used formerly to bring on.
The following are the docutneti's above referred to

FROM THE CONSUL-GENERAL OF PERU, TO THE COMMITTEE

OF SPANISH AMERICAN LONDHOLDERS.
" NichoL's Hotel, Wcz,trninster-britiv,
October 19, 1838.

" Sir,—The undersigned, Consul-General of the Peru-
Bolivian Confederation, has received orders to communi-
cate to the bondholders of the Peruvian h-an, that Gene-
ral Santa Cruz, from the moment of his installation in the
command of that State, directed all his attention to the

Lyment of the English debt, and, as will bc seen by

the circular which -his secretary addressed to the fo-
rtign diplomatic body on the 17th of August, 1835,
bound himself in the most solemn manner to liquidate
it, and had commenced the adoption of the most cner-
getiz._means fbr the reduction of all the charges upon
the Treasury, in order that there might remain a sur-
plus, with which he should be able to fulfil that obligation.
Initnediately niter these first steps were taken, the unjust
war which the Government of Chili declared zgainst the
Confederation intervened, and from that time the necessity
of self-defence has absorbed all the attention of the Gm ern-
ment, and all the resources of its Treasury. Gen. S ,nta
Cruz made every effort compatible with honour for putting
an eud to these hostilities. He offered to give satisfaction
to Chili, in the event of bringing forward real grievances,
and the Government of Chili refused it. He solicited and
obtained the mediation of Great Britain, and the Govern-
ment of Chili refused it also. Finally, the conduct of Ge•
neral Santa Cruz, in making the peace of Paucarpata, is
universally known, when, having forces double the number
of his enemy, he generously conceded to him an honour-
able peace.
" As a proof of the sincere desire which animates Gen.
Santa Cruz for the payment of the Peruvian debt, the
undersigned takes the liberty to call the attention of the
Committee to the two enclosed documents. The one
(No. 1) is the official despatch communicated by the
Protectoral Government to the Minister of Finances
of the State of North Peru, shortly alter peace had
been signed, and before knowing that the Chilian
President had refused to ratify it. The other
(No. 2) is a letter which General Santa Cruz wrote to the
undersigned, at the moment that he was preparing for his
voyage to England. These two documents will clearly
show to the gentlemen of the Committee what are the
desires and what is the policy of the present Chief of the
Confederation.
" The undersigned takes the liberty of requesting that
the Chairman will be pleased to read this note, and the
two documents which accompany it, to the gentlemen of the
Committee, and takes the advantage of this opportunity to
express to him the very distinguished consideration with
which he has the honour to subscribe himself,
" His most obedient servant,
" JOSEPH JOACHIM DE IIORA.
" To the Chairman of the Committee of
Spanish American Bondholders."

" PERU-BOLIVIAN CONFEDERATION.
Protectorial Palace in La Paz, Jan. 4, 1833.
" TO THE MINISTER OF FINANCE OF THE STATE OF

NORTH PERU. .
" Sir,—The termination of the war with Chili, and the
consolidation of public order, which we already see happily
realized in all parts of the Confederation, will greatly iusiA
the Protectoral Government in the fulfilment of the pecu-
niary obligations which it has inherited from the preeedii,g
Administrations, and which it has cheerfully made itself
liable to, with the firm determination of duly fulfilling
them. The home debt, which is ramified into so many
subdivisions, all of which are•stamped with the seal of
jua-
tice—the foreign debt, whirls for a space of so many years
has done so much injury 10 our credit in the eyes of one of
the most generous and illustrious nations in the world, are
charges of which the Government has resolved to lighten
itself, lia,ing pledg,d its solemn word to follow up th:s
great object immediately that the cal s attendant upon the
war show d enable it to do so. His Excellency is riot
ign..rant that the continuation of our former insolvency
would be fatal to us, spreading a great mass of misery
amongst our creditors, and exciting against us the bad
opiLion of our natives and of foreigners. The recognition
and consolidation of these same debts must contribute in
an efficacious and direct manner to the increase of the cir-
culation, the prosperity of our towns, give a stimulus to
the exchanges and to mercantile operations, and, above all,
to establish our good name in the markets of both hernis-
Vieres, upon the basis of probity and rectitude—prin-
ciples which animate every branch of the Protectoral Ad-
ministration.

" The peace which we happily enjoy is accompanied by
the suppression of the considerable expenses which the ne-
cessities of a just defence demanded ; these economies can-
tilt be employed in a more moral and honourable manner
than in the payment of the different classes of debt which
wkigh upon our Treasury. In this mode we shall not only
succeed in satisfying those claims founded upon the most
incontrovertible rights, but we shall also establish our
pubic credit upon a solid basis, which is one of the great
objects that his Excellency has proposed. His Excellency
is fully convinced that public credit is an element of inse-
parable nectssity towards the consistency and prosperity of
the, grand organization which ought to be given to those
States ; and that the public Treasury must be considered
as the support and substance of that institution, and to
which the best constituted Stites are indebted at the present
moment for their riches and respectability.
" Penetrated with these principles, and firmly resolved
not to recede from the career which has been traced out

for the glory and well-being of these countries, his Ex-
cellency has directed me, through you, to call the atten-
tion of your Government to a point of so transcendent an
interest, and I hope, from your knowledge and patriotism,
that you will efficaciously co-operate towards attaining the
proposed end.
" His Excellency desires that these matters should be
proceeded in with the greatest activity, and you will be
pleased in the interim to give.an account of your progrcss
through general secretariat under my charge.
" m haye
God preserve you, &c.,
t
" MANUEL DE LA. CRUZ MENDES."

" La Paz, Feb. 20.
" My esteemed Consul. General,—Considering that you '
are now about to put yourself en route for your destination,
and that the commisiions which. you are about to fulfil are
so highly important, I think it proper to insist upon the
exact fulfilment of tiemstructi.onis which I have given to
you. I charge you most especially to explain in detail to
the bondholders of the Peruvian loan all that you' can
-know regarding my disposition and desires to fulfil, in pre-
ference to every other object, that engagement—the plays
which were about to be realized, had not the Chilians upon
two occasions interrupted them, that which had been done
for the creation of a hank according to the plan of Mr.
Baring, presented by General O'Higgins and Mr. John
Thomas, and finally assure them, that all my efforts are
directed towards that important end, and that the abunnant
resources of Peru, the extension which her commerce must
necessarily receive f. oin the new laws regardin; it, and the
general confidence wldelt is inspired by the new order of
things, will afford means more than sufficient for tile pay-
ment of the dividends, and the progrcs,ive redemption of
the principal.

" S. SANTA, CRUZ.
" Senor Dr. Don Jose Joaquin de Mora."

ROMAN RELIC.—Some French labourers, i
piercing a railroad tunnel at Rive-de-Gier, near St. Etietn3,
recently discovered an antique tomb, evidently intended for
two persons, which was scooped in the rock, covered with
Roman tiles, and had an oak lining, several inches thick.
A CAMEL FIGHT.—About the middle of lb?
day, as usual, the sheik rode ahead, and striking his spear in
the sand, he had coffee prepared before we came up. While
we were sitting round the spear, two of our camels so far Err-
got the calm dignity of their nature, and their staid quiet
habits, as to get into a fight, and one of them finding himself
likely to come off srcond best, took to his heels, and the other
after bin; ; they were baggage camels, one being charge I
with my boxes of provisions Bed housekeeping apparatus, and
his movements indicated death to crockery. I will not go
into particulars, for eggs, rice, macaroni, and lamp-ell "cake e
bad mixture; and though the race and fight between the
vla v
loaded cameli were rather ludicrous, the consequence b.
no means a pleasant thing in the desert.—..Stephens'3 4nocteql
of Travel in the Holy Land,

I SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNAL-
-

____.3.--_

poteedingi French in Northern Africa have,
ave suppose, not passed entirely unnoticed even ill, the pre-
a:4A Ministers of Great Britain. Those proeeCdinss are
sufficiently significant of the ulterior designs of Frank ;
sufficiently threatening to the commerce of this country,
and to our military and maritime dependencies throughout
the Mediterranean, as well as to our political ascendancy-
and dignity among the nations which surround that im-
portant sea, to rouse the watchfulness at least, if not the
active precautions, of any British Government not totally
lost to all sense of its most sacred duties. It is difficult.
even to glance at this unpleasant subject without resorting-
to language which it would be desirable to avoid. It is a
severe trial of prudence and temper in an Englishman to
think, much more to speak, of transactions wbich reduce
his country to the humiliating condition-Of a party which
has for years been suffering grievous wrorg, and lifs
not yet made the slightest movement towards apply-
ing a remedy, or towards obtaining reparation. No-
thing could be more positive than the assurances
of M. de Polignac, at that time Representing the
French Government, that the sole object of the expedi-
tion prepared under Charles X. was to obtain redress
from the Algerines for an, outrage offered to France, and
to be fairly guaranteed against future insults. These as-
surances were belied front the outset by each act of our
very liberal, soft-spoken, and inoffensive ally. • The pre-
tc.xt of redress was almost instiintly abandoned, and sys-
tenialic aggrandisement was prosecuted without intermis-
sion or remorse, without the faint( st ref, rence to the
rights. of Africa, or to those restraints of justice and good
faith which ought to have checked the rapacity of con-
gin:st through the prclituinory engagements entered into
by M. Polignac with the Unisters of this country. Under
the false profession of redress for an isoicted insult—Te
do not say delieiately provoked—the Fiend' Goverinnent
rot merely exacted an enormous sum of money from the
Dey, but wanto,ly dethroned him, seized his capita!, and
has since subdued and garrisoned as its own lea ful demi-
Lien the whole of the extensive territory heretofore form-

i;ig portion 01 the Tutlish empire, under the title of king-
dom, or Reg( ncy of Algi,rs ; besides alt;ckine., by block-
ade or °then% districts which Jay beyond the jurisdic-

Lion of that regency. Such has -been the encroaching
suirit of the French Government, that we find her military
posts and naval stations sprerdieg from Tlemecen on the
west to Tunis on the eastward, more than 500 mile', as a
bird would fly along.the Mediterranean frontier of Nor-
thern Africa, and placing the m,reatitile intercourse of Eng-
land throughout that vast extent of coast at the absolute
mercy of the French Government, or its functionaries, mi-
litary and civil. This is the first time in the history of
Christian Europe that the independence of British corn-
meree has been subjected to such disgraceful bonds. It is
the first time that any Foreign Power has ever dared to
produce at its own pleasure, unauthorised by treaty with
Great Britain—unassented to in any manner by Great
Britain-to the detriment of her merchants and the disho-
nour of her flag, a change so decisive and so mor-

tifying in the -foreign relations of a great peop'e.
If the encroachments threatened by Russia upon
the Turkish empire in the East of Europe be such as
to necessitate that forcible interference which England
has just, however tardily, commenced for the sake of
protecting the maritime equilibrium of the several Powers
in communication with the Euxine, by what process of ar-
gument can it be denied that the wholesale territorial de-
predations of France, not merely threatened, but already
perpetrated, and not perpetrated merely, but still pro-
gressive and insatiable, do not warrant, nay require, from

. -
this country, Conservative as she is, and ought to be, of
all existing rights, a vigorous and reso!ute interposition in.
defence of the equilibrium.of the Mediterranean, glaringly
violated by these large French aggressions? A good while
ago, the French Commander-in-Chief took possession of
Bona—a station of importance to the E.N.E. of Constan-
tine, and pretty far forwards along the coast, upon the
r.)ute to Tunis ; which city, with its capacious harbour,
and the great promontory to the eastward of it, there
is no difficulty in perceiving that the Government of
Louis Philippe has determined, when practicable, to
embrace within his African possessions. The space
thus seized upon in Africa by France will have for its
frontier a line of coast fully equal to the European distance
-

between the mouths of the Ebro and the Tiber! And
this, too, for a " no conquest" undertaking !—a pledge no
less positive, no less solemn, and fulfilled with no less con-
scientious fidelity, than the famous " no patronage" of the
Whigs. But it is not enough to have separated points
upon the coast of Africa. So Marshal Vallee, to fill in

the outl:ne, has denied it necessity to lay hold of a post
at the bottom of the Gulf of Stora, duk, wtst of Bons and

nei;rly north of Constantine, with which it communicates by
a shorter rcute than that between B,nin and the latter city.

capture, or rather occupation, of this post, took place

. -
without a single shot, seeing t at the march was male
through. a country where no emmy was to be found,
and that the place thus gloriously stormed was utterly
without inhabitants—was, in fact, a pile of ancient Ro-
man or Carthogenian ruins. Tile de,patch. nevertheless,
which details this exredition and the results of it, is nearly
as long i:s the Duke of Wellington's after the battle o'
Waterloo, we need hardly say more boastful and mag-
niloquent than any English offlox would have ventured to
pon, with the fear of ridicule b&ore him. However, if the
rei•ord he pompous and inane, the th:ng deSeribed is a
solid mischief to this country. It gives to the aggressors a
strong post, a good roadstead, convertible without much
difficulty into a harbour, and binds and cements more firmly
than beFore the maiq; of French usurpaticns. The domi-
nion thus acquired bc •' our worthy, liberil allies" in North
Africa, is toi-her more nor less than a flank attack urea
the who!e line of British commerce, from Gibraltar to
Corfu. It renders the western section of the Mediterranean
an " enemy's camp," as it were, for England, and places
Malta, the lonian Islands, and Egypt at once in a state of
siege. So much for Whig dexterity and foresight. " Pal-
merston for ever r —Times.

There is not in the history of this country, since the
Revolution, so complete a departure from constitutional
principles as that evinced by the Tory Lords in the course
pursued by them, throughout the Session of 1838. That
Session will long be memorable, for the dangerous prece-
dent which was set of a constant invasion of the functions
of the Executive by the Legislature. The insurrection of
the Canadas, originating in a strong desire on the part
of the French population of the lower province to throw
off their dependence on this country, and' to become a se-
parate nation—a desire which, if realized, would neces-
sarily lead to the loss of the upper province, and sooner or
later to the loss of all the British provinces in America
—the contiiluity to the Canadas of a great democracy,
in which the Government, it is true, did not
countenance the insurrection, but of which a great
proportion of the people in the border states took
an active part in it, openly organizing armed
bands to invade the British territories—impressed
all reflecting persons with a conviction that though
unusual success had attended the efforts of the
military force in crushing the rebellion, yet the still more
arduous task remained of restoring order to the Colonies,
and guarding against future insurrections, by a delegation
of extraordinary powers to a statesman of high character
possessed of talents equal to the emergency. When it be-
came known that the Queen had signified to the Earl of
Durham her wishes that he should undertake this high and
arduous task, and that, trusting to the fiber allowance
which would be made for the peculiar difficulties of the
situation, he was prevailed on to accept the trust, the mem-
bers of both branches of the Legislature seemed to vie with
each other in expressing their satisfaction at the arrange-

meat. Bat faction soon began to display itself. Before
the Earl of Durham had taken his departure from our
shores, the leading organ of the Tories d;ty after day circu-
lated the most malicious reports respecting his proceetEngs.
His outfit, even I:is culinary hr r t cm nt s, were made the
subject of malicious comment. Endeavours were assidu-
ously made, both in Parliament, and in the Tory journals,
4i to excite api:rensions the Cimadiatts, and prepossess
akinEt their Governor, before his arrival
among them. Scarcely had the news. of bis Lordship's
arrival in Canada been received in this country, when
the war of faction began in the House of Lords. So

far from extending a liberal allowance to Lord Durham,
the Miry Lords did not even await the arrival of authen-
tic ace •unts, but assailed him on the faith of all sorts of .
rumours. The French Cana iians succeed, din infusing
their spirit into a Tory tinioi y. Mr. Roebuck bad the •
sati,faction of having all his «i>hes and all his views pro-
pounded to the House of Lords, with more talented
skill, and not less ardour for the success of the cause d
bad
h
which he was identified, than be could have &p ay
e
he been suffered to communicate directly with that branch
of the Legislature ; and Lords Lyndhurst and El:enboroogh,
l
and the other Tory leaders, with a recklessness
ng impos-
will never confonnd
new even
to faction in this country, se, med eag
rerencier to
; . out. o each
other in paralyzing Lord Durban). and
Bible for him to fulfil his mission. We
ought
the Duke of Wellington with
some of the bold bad men
of his party, whose conduct session
them for ever as enemies to their country and
its best in-
ought to brand
terests ; but even the Duke of Wellington sullied his
laurels by the part be occasionally acted in this shame-
ful warfare. Common sense proclaims that
•
at all times
the respo
of men in authority, but more espe-
cially in .authority in countries in
.which the foundations. of
Government have been shaken, should not be diminished
by any. attempt on the part of the Legislature to diminish
its influence by interference or encroachment. The only.
safe course is the recognised constitutional one of this coun-
try of allowing to men in high and responsible trusts the
omnecne
iendeavouringd
ttoo
tprocure their r
md
ei semn
ei s
bs ayl .
which
full exercise of authority unimpaired and unimpeded, or at
s

that power can be advantageously exercised, is utterly in-
defensible on any principle recognised in well-ordered com-
munities. Yet this ruinous policy was pursued by the
Tories throughout the last Session. Lord Melbourne
again and again told the Lords of their folly, and pre-
dicted the consequences. The composition of the Coun-
cil was first assailed by all manner of silly cavilling.
Afterwards, on the 7th of August, Lord Brougham
made the ordinances the foundation of a most enve-
nomed attack on the Government of Lord Durham.
" It was no light matter," said the Noble and Learned
Lord, " that the monstrous unconstitutional laws
entrusted to this Council should be used in so
reckless a manner"---[Opposition cheers, as if their
Lordships in their closets at home knew better what the
exigency demanded than the responsible authority on the
spot acquainted with all the circumstances.] "If these
powers were to be exercised at all, it was impossible that
they could be exercised too cautiously, too sparingly, and
with too great an attention to the consistency of each act
with the law of the land, and with too great a regard for
common sense and justice." [How could you tell, Doctor
Brougham, how the powers ought to be exercised ? What
was the use of delegating extensive powers, when you could
so easily tell beforehand the exact manner in which the
powers were to be exercised? Statesmanship with a ven-
geance !] " The sooner something was done, by instruc-
tion or by Bill, to curb the powers which, he had shown, were
exercised without the slightest consideration, the better."
And in an assembly, not of school-boys, but of bearded
men, this nonsense was listened to, and even applauded.
If the powers were exercised without the slightest conside-
ration, Lord Durham ought not to have been suffered to
remain a day longer in the colony than the space required
to convey the summons for his immediate departure. Lord
Melbourne observed :

" That it must have struck all your Lordships, on conside-
ration of all the circumstances which led to Lord Durham's
mission, that the great powers—no less than legislative powers
—to be exercised by him in connection with a council of his
nomination, being of an unusual and extraordinary nature,
must be exercised in an unusual and extraordinary way. I

therefore implore your Lordships to consider the circumstances
of the colony—to consider the circumstances in which Lord
Durham is placed—to consider the difficulties which he has to
contend with—and also to consider what I have before alluded
to ; namely, his being on the spot, and being aware of the
whole of the facts, and consequently being the best judge as
to what measures it was necessary or expedient to adopt :—a
much better judge than your Lordships can possibly be.
Therefore, I say, it is not right—it is not prudent—it is not
just, Ido not mean merely towards Lord Durham, but to
yourselves and the measures you have passed—it is not just to
the interests of this great empire to concede these measures in
such a manner as to suffer yourselves to be too cinch struck by
any anomaly which may appear on the. face of them, or by any
disparity between the steps tak,m by Lord Durham and the
practice of this country, in a settled state of society, and in
times of perfect tranquillity, where no peril or danger could
be apprehended."
This sentence embraces, in fact, the whole question. Lord
Durham and his Council were vested with legislative powers,
and to say that the powers of the Legislature should not
be co-extensive with the exigencies of the state is to be-
tray the grossest ignorance of what is implied by a Legis-
lature. The Legislature is omnipotent at home. In times
of danger it imprisons without trial—nay, in times of com-
motion it delegates to unfledged officers the power of sum-
mary execution. And yet, forsooth, Lord Durham, in a
country so critically circumstanced as Canada is, with the
great body of the population aliens to England in laws and
in language, just defeated in an attempt to shake off her
authority, is to exercise the extensive powers intrusted
to him as if he and his Council were quietly domi-
ciled in the county of Middlesex. Lord Melbourne
roceeded to observe that if their Lordships con-
sidered that Lord Durham had acted imprudently,
unwisely, unjustly, unfortunately, in such a man-
ner as to hazard the interests of the country in
that part of the empire, it would be unquestionably wise in
them to interfere to prevent such a course from being per-
severed in ; but " if they did not see any ground for inter-
fering, there was but one other course to take—to have
some confidence in him to whom they had delegated such
high powers, to place some reliance on his judgment, and
not to be perpetually interrupting the course of his pro-
ceedings by incessant comments on his conduct, and thus
weakening their own authority, and the authority of the
Government, by an implied condemnation of that which they
did not mean openly to censure." His Lordship added
these memorable words, which, if ever applicable, were as-
suredly so to the Tory majority of the House of Lords,
who scrupled not to sacrifice the interests of their country
to the lowest and most despicable feelings that ever were
entertained by a party :
It is," said k 3, " unfortunately one of the evils which ap-
pertain to popular governments (for all governments have
their faults)—indeed it is one of the ingenita vitia of such a
form of government, that in consequence of political strife, of
Folitical attacks, and party and personal dislike, the enemy of
the country, whether foreign or domestic, has always found the
greatest assistance and encouragement in the bosom of the Le-
gislative Assemblies. That has always been the ease, and it is
undoubtedly a great misfortune."
The feelings of exultation with which Papineau and
his associates must have gloated over the reports of the
efforts of Lords Brougham, Lyndhurst, and Ellenborough
to pave the way for future rebellion in Canada, by striking
at the authority of Lord Durham, would form the best com-
mentary on the conduct of the Tories. Space will not
allow us to proceed further at this time in travelling over
the records of Tory infamy ; but we shall resume the task.
They are secure from all other punishment ; but the public
indignation shall reach them.—Morning Chronicle.
We quoted yesterday from the Maidstone Journal, an
account of the effect upon the fruit-growers in Kent, of that
relaxation of the duties on foreign fruit, which was deter-
mined on last session by the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
and which has just come into operation. A few days ago
200 bushels of foreign pears passed the Custom House,
paying only fourpence per bushel of duty, instead of seven
shillings and sixpence, as heretofore. The consequence of
this change of system must be utter ruin to the English
fruit-grower, and the case in question furnishes an addi-
tional illustration of the character of our prevailing com-
mercial policy. The end and object of that policy is, to
sacrifice every class, in succession, of native producers, to
the insatiable-lust of cheapness, by which our idle con-
sumers are possessed. Great Britain has risen (as all
powerful countries of which history furnishes any record
have risen) to eminence and influence, by regarding the
interests of the producing classes as paramount over those
of mere consumers ; and if Great Britain is destined to de-
scend from her pride of place amongst the nations, the
causes of her descent—manifold although they may appear
—will be found to resolve themselves (as the causes of de-
cline in all thenations that have hitherto passed away have re-
solved themselves) into an inversion, by legislative influence,
of that order, which nature has established between the con-
suminc, and producing classes—an order which never
can be violated long, but at the risk of social dis-
solution. No men appear to regard a falling revenue
with deeper dismay, than do our present rulers. Yet
mark the unceasing ingenuity which they evince, in order
to bring about the result, which when made manifest,
overwhelms them with terror. How clumsy were the at-
tempted evasions by Mr. Spring Rice, last year, of the
difficulties, to which a falling Revenue reduced him ! How
rapturous, on the other hand, was the flapping of wings,
on all the unsavoury heaps in the purlieus of Downing-
street, when the income of the country gave indications,
a few days ago, of even partial and temporary amend-
ment ! Yet, here—in the case before us—we have a
picture " in little" of Whig wisdom and its characteristics.
Here, we see our official political economists absolutely
throwing away a Revenue derivable from foreign fruit ;
,d—for the mere duty abandoned, is in itself compara-
tively trivial in amount—crippling the means, which a.
large class of native producers has hitherto possessed, of
contributing to the generaltr burdens of the country ! This
case of the Englisl
brief fruit-growers affords, as we have al-
ready stated, a " c abstract" of the principles of
Whig commercial policy, Only mark the operation
of this most unjust reduction ction of the duty on foreign
the
fruits ! Note, bowsocial evils caused by one
little impolitic movement
may diffuse themselves, on the
part of a Government,
the gradually-widening
circles which are caused byl thee violent displacing of a
small portion of water ! The unfairreduction of the duty
on foreign fruits involves, in the first
dimi-
nution of the national income from that
a direct
•rom
change robs, moreover, a valuable class of (who have,
on the faith of legislative protection. emb
onseantitn.g, or nearly
their capi-
tals in the trade affected) of that comp
merely is the
compensating price, to which they were entitled to look
aamtrkens:duree- The
forward in a season of scarcity. But not
class of cultivators in question robbed of a partial and
temporary protection from loss ; their.
per-
manently deprived of at least one properties are h laf the value that pre-
viously belonged to them. That depreciation of property
is caused by the necessary abandonment of their trade to
foreigners ;—and that abandonment of a branch of native
industry not merely inflicts injury on the capitalists who car-
ried it on, but on a considerable body of labourers, whom
that branch of industry supplied with the means of occupa-
tion. This process of narrowing the market for native la-
bour, and the field for the employment of native capital, l
in-
jures to a certain, although scarcely definable degree, all
other classes of labourers and capitalists—in the first place,
by increasing, to a greater or a lesser extent, the general
pressure of competition in the employment both of capital
and of labour—and iu th© second place, by lessening to
precisely the same extent, the consumption in the home
market, of the other products of native industry. Then
follows increased pressure on the poor rates, accompanied
with diminished means of supporting the burden which they
impose. Then come the customary denunciations of the
poor—because they are without that employment, of which
the legislature has, by its specific acts, deprived them

then come, on the other hand, the feeling of hatred towards
property, the sense of injustice inflicted by law, and those
deep desires of vengeance against the privileged classes by
whom the law is " ruled"—dosires which, when they have

thoroughly leavened the mass of the labouring poor, deprive
the possessions of the rich of their best—their only ulti-
mate safeguard. And for what mighty object, are these
results, "in little" risked in the case before us? Simply,
in order that the lovers of deserts may enjoy a luxury on
unnaturally cheap terms. The advantage to fruit-buyers
is scarcely perceptible, and will command no gratitude
from the men who will monopolise it. The loss, on
the other hand, to a large class of native producers, is
hardly to be calculated—and the consequences involved in
it are full of the elements of peril (however minute the
actual amount) to the existence of social order. And such
is the unerring tendency of Whig commercial policy !
Such are the paths of pleasantness in which the political
economists are never weary of soliciting us to walk I
Another circumstance of no light moment, in connection
with the reduction of duty on foreign fruit, is well pointed
out by the Maidstone Jonrn4

" But there is another circumstance connected with this
subject, which, if the measure remain unrepealed, will be a
source of greater injustice than any we have named, amount-
ing, in fact, to positive robbery. We allude to its effect
upon agreements under the Act for the commutation of tithes.
These agreements, it is known, are calculated on the average
produce for seven years, ending with 1835. Now, in the
fruit parishes of this county, fruit has in many instances been
valued nearly as high as hops—we may state the average
at about 255. an acre ; whereas now, in the opinion of able
and experienced men, five shillings will be much nearer the
value of the tithe on fruit. lf, therefore, the present regula-
tion of fruit duties remains unaltered, the fruit land will be
charged with a rate of tithe five times as high as its real
value."—Morning Herald.
The Ministerial Papers do not cease to pour forth a
stream of misrepresentation touching the conduct of the
Tory party in the affavr of Lord Durham's government of
Canada. It seems to us, therefore, to be our duty to re-
turn to this matter, and to do our part in the assertion of
truth, as opposed to the untruth which is so perseveringly
promulgated. The interference of the Haase of Lords
with Lord Durham's ordinances is described under the
figure of the House having made itself " an Executive
Committee for conducting the affairs of Canada." Than
this nothing can be more untrue, and it is an untruth ma-
nifestly addressed to the very ignorant, since all persons of
intelligence must know that they who possess the predomi-
nating influence in the Upper House of Parliament, are
extremely averse, both by principle and by habit, from in-
terference with the legal acts of the Executive Govern-
ment, whether it be conducted by their friends or their ad-
versaries. Instead of the House of Lords usurping the func-
tions of the Executive, the case in question was that of the
Legislature (and eventually the responsible Ministers
of the Crown) interfering to save a deputed and colonial
Executive from the consequences of illegal acts. Whatever
the House of Lords did was merely as a branch of the
Legislature, and it was agreed to by the House of Com-
mons and the Crown upon the recommendation of her
Majesty's Ministers. That the Ministerial Journals should
now attempt to shift the responsibility of that to which
Ministers consented upon the House of Lords, would ap-
pear to all the world a most monstrous instance of mean-
ness and perfidy, were it not that the public have been of
late so accustomed to meanness and perfidy on the part of

Ministers and those employed by them, that any new act
of the same quality soon becomes almost as indistinct
" as water is in water." It is also affirmed by the
Ministerialists that for the Tories to whisper one sylla-
ble of dissatisfaction with Ministers in reference to the
disallowing of Lord Durham's ordinances, and passing
the Bill of Indemnity, is to be guilty of the height of
effrontery. In this a dishonest confusion is attempted
to be made by suggesting a cause of Tory dissatisfaction
with the Ministry which is not the true one. The Tories
do not object to the conduct of the Ministry, because the
disallowance of the ordinances was bad policy. They ad-
mit that it was right policy to disallow the ordinances, but
touching the Ministerial individuals who did so it was mean
and base, because in doing so they were guilty of treachery
to a confederate, and moreover they did so (upon their own
showing), not because they thought it right, but because
they were not strong enough to resist doing so. In short,
they did what (to them) seemed wrong, rather than put
their places to imminent hazard, by standing out for
what seemed to them right. Suppose that in same
walk of life less elevated than than of statesmen a
conspiracy existed to do an illegal act, and that some
of the conspirators, for the sake of their own gain,
joined the police in bringing the rest to punishment,
no one who respected the law could disapprove of the act
per se which gave a triumph to the law over those who had
conspired against it ; but they might very well scorn the
mean and sordid men who had turned against their fellows,
because they found a profit or avoided a danger in so doing.
There is, then, we submit, no " effrontery " and no incon-
sistency on the part of the Tories, who at once commend
the policy of disallowing the illegal ordinances, and treat
with scorn and contumely the Ministers who fir:A defended
these ordinances, and then condemned them, because they
did not dire to proceed with their defence. The journals
which, while they Oppose Tory principles and Tory policy
(we leave out of the question one " democratic" deserter%
are free f-om the trammels of Ministerial sycophancy, do not
scruple to tell the plain truth about Ministerial condu 't in
this matter. They say that it was the result of Ministerial
weakness, combined with Ministerial attachment to office.
Lord Melbourne and his colleagues would probably have
supported Lord Durham in his illegality, if they could
have done so without danger to their own interest as
place-holders. In what they did it was not because they
loved Lord Durham ss, hut because they loved themselves
more. They coul not uphold him, except at the ex-
pense of putting t eir places in great jeopardy, and that
was a price whic hey did not think proper to pay even for
the upholding of Lord Durham's Whig-Radical and illegal
despotism. It became a choice between the certain sacri-
fice of Lord Durham's ordinances and the probable sacrifice
of their profitable and pleasant positions in the Cabinet
and at the Court. No one who is acquainted with the
character of Whig-Radicalism can feel at all surprised that,
under such circumstances, its official leaders took care of
themselves, and left their friend in the lurch. If there had
been any doubt or misgiving in the public mind as to the
conduct of the Ministers towards Lord Durham in August
last, it must have.been dissipated by the very incautious
republication (by a Ministerial Paper) of an extract from
Lord John Russell's speech when calling upon the House
of Commons to pass the Indemnity Bill. Never was a
more palpable shuffle exhibited in words than Lord John
exhibited on that occasion. Never was there a more ob
vious attempt to blow hot and cold with the same mouth
than in the following passage :
" I ask you at once to pass this Bill of Indemnity, limited
as it is, but telling you at the same time that when the time
comes I shall be prepared, not indeed to say that the terms
or words of the Ordinance passed by the Earl of Durham are
altogether to be justified—and not that I think it a light mat-
ter, as the Honourable Member for Westminster supposed,
that persons not arraigned or summoned to answer for the
offences of which they are charged should be punished if
found wilhin the province—but I shall be prepared to say
that, looking at the conduct of the Earl of Durham as a
whole—that believing him to be animated by the deepest zeal
for the welfare of the country—that believing him likewise to
have wished to avoid anything which could be construed into
an act of unnecessary severity—that believing these things, I
shall be ready to take part with him. I shall be ready to bear
my share of any responsibility which is to be incurred in these
difficult circums4-inces."
The way in which Lord John took his " share of the
responsibility" in this case was, by having a Bill of In-
demnity passed, acknowledging that Lord Durham had
done wrong, and screening him from the consequences by
the authority of Parliament I Most chivalrous Lord
John ! We never in our lives saw a heavier example of
the " forcible feeble" than the above Ministerial shuffle ex-
hibits. It is verbose—flat—contradictory. It has but
one pervading quality in which it is consistent from be-
ginning to end, and consistent also with the Ministerial
character—it is mean, most mean ; and so even Lord Dur-
ham, whom it was intended so clumsily to flatter, must
have felt it. The whole career of this Ministry, from
the beginning to the present day, has been despicable, and
it may congratulate itself on having reached the very pin-
nacle of paltriness in the Canada business. Let us take
comfort in the old adage, that " when things come to the
worst they must mend."—Morning Post.
In reverting to the subject of the Durham controversy,
we are frank to own that we do so with considerable reluc-
tance ; not that we are at any time either afraid or ashamed
1 to express our sentiments, but because we are perfectly
aware that those sentiments, be they what they may, are
liable to gross misinterpretation, and that the time is not
Dsutrehradnsay
yet come when either Contemporaries, pledged to particular
opinions, or the excitement of the public, will permit cool
and unbiassed reason to have its fair sway. In our article
yesterdayhitadwanso ouoreemosaiionnotlgercetsitgonthe
prove, first, that Lord
high office with
which he was entrusted by her Majesty's Government—
secondly,
that he had only exhibited a proof of unstates-
m anlike weakness in throwing up his office, because
it had
pleased
find just
parties in the two Houses of Par-
liament to faultl with the exercise of its du-
ties—thirdly, that he
}oadno just reason to complain of
the Home Government fo
thator e althoughner his Lordship's retire-
ment for not having duly supported
hi m— him—and, lastly,the
Go r
ve a-G of Canada was an
event to be deplored, as postponing for several months
hiP
the settlement of the affairs of Canada, yet that there were
men, independently of his Lordship, quite as well qualified
to carry on the Government of Canada, •
, and, in conse-
quence, that no " crisis" had occurred, and no " dismay"
ought to he entertained for the future fate of the country,
We now approach a more painful part of the subjeet—we
mean the proof, on the one hand, that Lord Durham has