The Sun.
London, England, 1831-01-10 00:00:00

OLD BAILEY. JAN. 8.

George Gillet was indicted on the Coroner's in-
quisition, which charged him with having thrown
bricks and mortar into the room where Mary Steers,
since deceased, was sitting, and with entering the
room afterwards with a sheet on him and an axe in
his hand, using threatening gestures, by which the
deceased was mortally frightened, of which she lan-
guished, from September to the 9th of December,
and then died.

The parish surgeon examined the body eight days
after the decease, but he could not state the cause
of her death.—The Jury acquitted the prisoner.
John Simms, a lad about 17 years old, was charged
with stealing a table-cloth, and some other trifling
articles, the property of his mother, Frances Simms.
The mother, a Ns Oman of rather respectable ap-
pearance, entered the witness-box in a state of great
agitation. She proved that she had not given her
son leave to pawn the property produced, which
was her's.

On her cross-examination she stated, that she
had been a widow twelve years, and lives in the
house of Mr. Jenkins, Regent's-park. Being pressed
respecting her having younger children, instead of
answering, she threw herself on her knees, and ex-
claimed in a most impassioned manner, " Oh, God
forgive me, I will never transport my child !”
She was carried out of Court in violent hysterics.
Two pawnbrokers proved that the prisoner had
pawned the articles laid in the indictment.

The Jury acquitted him.
He was tried on another indictment for unlaw
fully pawning the clothes of his mother's servant ;
but ai it appeared that these were mixed up wit
his mother's, he was again acquitted.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS, JAN. 8.

GROSS ASSAULT UPON THE NEW POLICE.

Itrilliam Kemp, Reuben Room, and John Phillips,
were indicted for assaulting Henry Kiss and John
Dove, two of the new police. The Jury found the
prisoners Kemp and Room Guilty, and acquitted
Phillips. Kemp and Room were sentenced to four
months' hard labour.

John and Janics ASCII, two brothers, the sons of
highly respectable parent, were convicted of steal-
ing a silk handkerchief from the pocket of a gen-
tleman, at the late public meeting of the freeholders
of Middlesex, held at the Mermaid tavern, Hackney.
Sentence was not passed, it being understood that the
boys would be sent to sea by their father, and they
were detained until a ship was got ready for them.

A metallic piston has been introduced in
steam-engines by Mr. M‘DowALL, of Johnston, which is
said to be a great improvement—it requires no packing,
the steam itself being found to be the best lubricator.—
With a metallic air-pump bucket, a metallic piston, and
a metallic stuffing-box, a steam-engine will now be a
permanent machine, as far as the strength of materials is
concernel. There is no loss of power from the packings
giving way, no withdrawing of pistons, or pump-buckets
to be repacked, no expense for hemp and tallow, which
will, in one ye tr, cost as much as a new metallic piston,
independent of the attention necessary at all times to keep
the piston and stuffing-box properly oiled, so that the
engine may work smoothly, and at the same time be
steam-tight. From the nature of their construction, the
lonver these metallic pistons are worked, both cylinder and
piston acquire a higher degree of polish. The friction is
thereby diminished, while, at the same time, the power of
the engine is increased to the extent (it is alleged) of one
eighth.—Greenock Advertiser.

"%I HE COTTON TRADE.
rem the Airerpool Herald.)
On the cotton trade depends the prosperity
of Lancashire ; every other local manufacture is
subservient to this, and indeed the whole of the
commerce of Liverpool bears a more intimate
aught, therefore,iotntoitth than
beis well
letrianderstood by more
generally supposed. It
Wan those directly interested in it, and as its
very extensiveness renders speculation in this
important article a thing of constant occurrence,
a Niel' view of the prospect which the cotton
market at this moment presents, may not altoge-
Wer be useless either to merchants or manufac-
turers. There is a palpable error into which
even commercial men are perpetually falling, re-
specting the quantity and value of all produceable
trticles. We are constantly told that West India
Planters will cease to produce sugar and coffee,
ecause the price is not a remunerating one, and
the same principle has been applied to the pro-
duction of cotton. A knowledge of the first
axiom in political science would tend to correct
:his error; and the truth enforced by the econo-
mists is confirmed by experience. Sugar and
cotton continue to be grown in abundance, and
they always will be grown, because no article
will ever be brought to market, year after year,
unless the price obtained is a remunerating one.
It must come up to this, or the commodity will
not be brought to market, and as it is essential
that it shall come to market the average price
will always be fair and ample, compared with
the profits of other pursuits. Thus, those who
,peculated twelve months since, on an advance
in the prico of cotton, have been miserably dis-
appointed. It is now even lower, and though
the political disorganization of the Continent has
occasioned a diminution of consumption, there
can be little doubt that the supply, had the sale
been greater, would have fully equalled the de-
maaid.

We may, therefore, and dealers in cotton ought
to know it, rest assured, that in the absence of
hostilities with America, there will be no defi-
ciency in the quantity beyond the influence of
seasons, and it is pretty certain that an advance
i❑ price cannot be calculated on. The stock
on hand is considerable, and the means of im-
portation ample. The crop in the United States
is calculated at 1,01)0,000 bags. Egypt—dis-
crediting the report of improved means of pro-
duction—may be taken at 90,000; and though
Brazil is, as usual, involved in mystery, the plan
adopted by the East India Company for raising
the character of their cotton, enables us to look
to the East with considerable confidence, should
the supply from other places fail short. The
sale of cotton in this market for the preceding
year, may be taken at the average of 14,000
bags a week. During the first six months it
exceeded 16,000 bags, and as the stock in the
manufacturing districts is much less heavy now
than at the close of 1829, we may set down
by anticipation 15,000 bags, at least, as the
average of the weekly demand for the next 12
months.

Ihe principal supply of cotton comes from
the United States, and the following statement
will show the quantity produced there for the last
six years:—
la

1825-6—.710,900 bags I In 1828-9 —857,744 bap;

1826-7-.937,000

162 fl-SO. .976,845

1827-8-.712,000
Of this quantity, somewhat more than half was
imported into this country; the annual consump-
tion, made up from other places, during the same
period, being

Liverpool. Great Britain.
1826 560,532 653,779 bags
1897 651,263 783,830
1828 678,630 895,678
1829 VP 897 862,057
1830 739,290
During the same period, the stock on hand
was, at the beginning of
Liverpool. Great Britain.
1826 311,000 416,000 bags.
1327 238,000 342,400
1828 342,700 452,200
1829 . . —298,470 405,S Q 6
1830 203,050 289,382
1831 258,000
The price of cotton at the conclusion of each
year has varied but little since 1826. Take
upland, ordinary to middlings, for example. In
1826 it is quoted from bid. to 6id. per lb. In
1827, 54d. to Sad. In 1828, Sid. to 6d. In
1829, NA. to 6-141., and in 1830, sid. to 6+d.
It is an unpleasant reflection that events
which awaken our last sympathies, and give
hopes of brighter prospects of humanity, should
be followed by commercial and manufacturing
inconvenience, that ultimately fall on the labour-
ing classes. The continental revolutions which
have happily succeeded each other so rapidly,
have occasioned a considerable diminution in the
quantity of employment previously afforded in
the manufacturing districts. Commerce thrives
only in seasons of tranquillity ; it had been pro-
gressing, with a still further promise of improve-
ment, when the revolution in Paris, last July,
gave a sudden shock to trade. Capitalists shrunk
from adventure. Merchants became suspicious,
and the want of means, consequent upon the
want of employment, incapacitated the people
from purchas►ng. The revolt at Brussels gave a
further extension to the evil, and the unsettled
state of affairs ever since has been any thing but
beneficial to our trade. In the consumption of
cotton alone there is a sad decline, and it is even
now a question whether a steady confidence in
commercial men can be restored in time to en-
able us to describe the evil as but partial.
The manufacture of cotton has not, according
to the latest returns, increased to any extent on
the Continent, and circumstances may arise to
give us a decided advantage in those political
revolutions which, though attended with partial
embarrassments to ourselves, excite our just ad-
miration. The disorders in other places may—
and are likely to direct the attention of monied
' men and speculators to the sec►►rity this country
affords ; the interruption given to manufacturers
may ultimately increase the productive industry
of our looms. Something like this is now taking
place ; the cotton mills are nearly all employed
and the activity which prevailed inspired the
operatives with the desire of obtaining an in-
crease of wages. Manchester was threatened
with a " turn out," but as the earnings of spin-
ners are comparatively high, the project fa►led,
and discontent is still confined to Ashton-under-
Lyne and its neighbourhood, when in conse-
quence 120 mills are idle. There is, however,
an approach to accommodation, and though
trade has sustained slight interruption, there are
hopes of permanent good being the result.
Liverpool, Jan. 3. 1). D.

Their MAJESTIES mean to honour in an
especial manner the next birth-day of his Royal Highness
the Duke of Sussex, which takes place on the 27th inst.,
when the Royal Duke will enter his 58th year. A large
party will by entertained to dinner at the Royal Pavilion,
and in the'evening her 31.tarsTr will give a splendid ball
and supper • for which upwards of 100 cards of invitation
will be issued to the principal Nobility ard Gentry of the
neighbourhood.....Court Journal.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Monifear of Friday.)

Pants, JAN. 6.—His Majesty has appointed the Duke
de Alontemart, Aroba.sador Extraordinary to his Majesty
the Emperor of all the Russia., and has intrusted him
with a special mission. This nomination dces not revoke
that of the Marshal Duke de Treviso.

Count Pozzo di Borgo has received his credn'tials as
Ambassador from his Majesty the Emperor of all the
Russia', to his Majesty the King of the trench.

(From the Gazette de France, dated Saturday.)

PARIS, JAN. 7.—Count Pozzo di Borgo received yester-
day an express from St. Petersburgh with despatches,
dated the 20th of December. At the departure of the
courier, the Emperor Nicholas was still at St. Petersborgh.
It is said that the:cottrier brought an answer from the
Emperor to a new letter of his Majesty the King of the
French, in which an explanation was required respecting
the movements of the Russian troops before the troubles in
Poland. The answer is in very pacific terms.
At the same time, the Emperor Nicholas has accredited
Count Pozzo di Borgo as Ambassador Ordinary and Extra-
ordinary. In consequence, the Count had this morning a
conference with General Sebastiani, who is to announce a
day for the presentation of the new credentials to his
Majesty the King of the French. It is supposed that the
presentation will take place to-morrow. General Sehas-
tiani has announced this diplomatic intelligence to the
Chambers.

The resolution of the Belgian Congress on the choice of
a head of the State is expected to-morrow. It appears that
the choice will fall on Prince Otho, second son of the Ring
of Bavaria, who is in his 16th year, being born the Ist of
June, 1815. This choice, which at first sight would ap-
pear unfavourable to France, is said to be connected with a
plan of alliance between our Cabinet and that of Munich,
which would embrace all the intermediate States,
An affray has taken place, as it seems, not Far from
Mont de Marsan, between the Basques and the Bearnais,
who composed the last detachment of the young conscripts
that left the city. The Bearnais were the most numerous.
The standard bearer of the Basques, a young man of
athletic stature, was killed ; others are more or less
severely wounded. This event gives rise to the most
serious reflections. The destination of this detachment,
above 600 strong, is Valenciennes, and yet it had, to con-
duct it, only three subaltern officers, and one officer who
had not even a uniform. There was no drum, no arms,
n 4. any sort of military organization.
(From the Quotidienne.)

PARIS, JAN. 7.—ln considering the present circum-
stances, it seems impossible that war should not take place,
We do not wish for war, but we see that by the Revolu-
tion in France it is made inevitable, sooner or later, in
consequence of the danger to which that exposes other
States. To stop the spirit and the consequences of July
29 is a task which some cannot and others will not un-
dertake. But what will be the issue of the contest and
the situation of the defenders of Justice? The principle
of the Sovereignty of the people by exalting again the
military genius natural to our nation, and admitting that
there shall arise, as there arose out of the first Republic,
Generals like Napoleon and his Captains, this principle
may again and ought to carry us to the gates of the Krem-
lin ; for the progressive party is under an absolute neces-
sity not to stop. Even the power which might be placed
at the head of this movement would be destroyed, should
it attempt to stop the progress. It would fall under the
contempt of the conquerors. It is said that we ought to
carry liberty not only into the cabins of Switzerland and
the Cathedrals of Spain, as we have already sent it into
the camps of Poland and the counting-houses of Belgium,
but that we ought also to send it to Turin, to Rome, to
Naples, and even to St. Petersburgh. The Republic and
the Empire went thither, being compelled by the same
principle. The first principle of the movement must ne-
cessarily beget a second, a third, and so on. We already
hear the Marseillaise singing on the banks of the Neva.
We will not, indeed, examine at what expense of blood
and treasure these principles will be completed.

(From the Journal des Debats.)

PARIS, JAI.% 7.—This Paper contains a long report
from M. Alerilhou, the Minister of Public Instruction,
concerning the religious society, called the Society of
Missions of France, which points out the illegality of that
Society, and of what laws its existence and the posses-
sion of property by it are contraventions. In consequence
of this report, and by the advice of this Minister, the
King has issued an Ordinance, suppressing the Society
front December 25, and again placing among the domains of
the Crown Mont Valerian and other property which, Charles
X. had bestowed upon it. •

POLAND.

(From the Private Correspondence of the Constetutionnel.)

WARSAW, DEC. 25.—The inhabitants of the Circle of
Radom had a meeting on the 10th. They subscribed
12,000 florins, and have announced their intention of rais-
ing a regiment of cavalry.
Cirnelius Syko, an old Polish officer, now Prior of the
Carmelites, is now working at the fortifications of Praga,
with all his monks.
The actual abode of Vincent Krasinski is not known ;
but it is announced that his eon Sigismond, who is now in
Russia, will shortly arrive here, to raise a regiment at his
own expense, and that he will enrol himself in it as a pri-
vate soldier.

Lieut.-Colonel Geritz, a descendant of William Tell,
forma a division of sharpshooters, which he calls his " In-
fernal Troop."

It is said that the Poles of the Provinces of ancient
Poland, who are residing in Paris, are to place at the
disposal of the Polish Government considerable sums of
money, and that Countess Tyschkiewitz, sister of the late
Poniatowski, has distinguished herself by a large sub-
scription.

There hai appeared, under the title of " The Great
lVeek of the Polonnaise," a succinct recital 'f the Polish
Revolution.

The Adjutant Zamoyski having executed his mission to
the Russian General Rosen, returned on the 19th. The
litter has declared that he would undertake nothing with-
out orders from the Grand Duke Constantine.

The Bishops of Warsaw, Prazmouski, and Manugie-
wicz, have given up for the service of their country 70.000
florins of their actual revenues, viz. two-thirds.
(From the Messager des Chambres, dated Jan. S.)

PARIS, JAN. 7.—lt is announced that the ordinance for
the re-organization of the artillery of the National Guard
of Paris is ready, and will be shortly published.

ALGIERS, DEC. 20.—Colonel Douvre has been sent on
a mission to Tangier, to require of the Government of
Morocco an explanation of the strange conduct of its sub-
jects relatively to the movements which took place in the
principality of Oran. It is believed that English emir•
saries at Tangier are concerned in these movements.

" TO THE EDITOR OF THE NATIONAL.

" When I entered upon my political career, I delivered I
toy life to the public, and was quite prepared to find, in
the organs of the press, contradictors or approvers. Both
the one and the other are in the exrrcive of their right, and
I have neither to thank nor to blame them : for it is not
my pert 'n, but the principles which I defend or the opi-
nions I represent, which they either blame or approve.
However, I cannot refuse myself the pleasure of testifying
to you, Sir, and in your person to the other editors of your
journal, how much I am sensible of the very kind manner
in which my feeble efforts in our cause have been appre-
ciated in it. And I have been particularly struck with
the article inserted in your number of last Saturday. You
have perfectly understood my views, and I shall have no
better answer to make to those who may require explana-
tions from me, upon my actual position, than to refer them
to your article.
" I could not retire before infamous accusations ; that
would have been to have given satisfaction to all that
coterie of intriguers who cherish, with reason, a great
antipathy for me. I could not retire for the sole reason
that Lafayette and Dupont de l'Eure had retired, because
the motives which determined them were not taken in an
estrangement of political system, but under circumstances
which were personal to themselves. I felt, nevertheless,
the necessity, after justifying myself to the public, to put
the Ministry in a situation of pronouncing between me and
my accusing coterie. The King and the Ministers hive
refused to accept my resignation ; they did net wish to
give that satisfaction to my accusers ; they did not wish to
break with the opinions and principles which I represent.
To insist, under such circumstances, that my resignation
should be accepted, would have been in my judgment a
political fault ; it would have been to sacrifice for my
private convenience, a position in which I might be useful.
I have not therefore thought it my duty to act so, and I
have seen that all the men whose opinions have weight
with me approve of my conduct.
.‘ For the rest, nothing is changed in my political situ-
ation as deputy ; I shall continue to defend our principles
to the best of my abilities ; as a magistrate, I shall endea-
vour to prepare our fellow-citizens for the exercise of the
municipal power, which ought soon to be entrusted to
them. I should hive wished, indeed that the law upon
the municipalities, like the law upon the National Guard,
had interfered only to regulate a fact, and not to create a
right. It was not my fault that this was not the case.

'ith reference to what is called my political magistracy,
it was never but in a case of necessity, and upon the for-
mal requisition of the King, and of his Ministers, that I
had uwd it. I hope that they will not here again
the like necessity, and I shall bt the fret to felicitate my-
self upon it.

" Receive, ir,l3e'g of you, the expression of my most dis-
tinoishea sentiments.

"Jan 3.

~ ()DILLON BARROT."

FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIS, JAN.7.---Five per Cents:,
93f. 90c. 50e. 40e. 30c. 45c. 50e. 45c. SOc. 40e. 93.
30c. 45c. 40c. 45c. 40c. 50c. '6oc. 50e. t oe. ; Four and a
half per Cents., 83f. ; Four vet. Cents,. 771. ; Three per
Cents., 62f. 35c. flee. 15c. 55c. 50c. 40c. 50e. `_•Oc.
25c. 621. Sec. :30e. 35c. 50e. ; Bank Stock, 1,5201.
1,511'1. 50e. ; Rente de Naple°,•,t3f. 62f. SOc. 95e. 63f. ;
Rente d'Espagne, 141 -k; Royal Spanish Loan,
6014 61 i; Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 46,1 47 47i 4-
17i- 47i 47 47 4- ; Haytiau Loan, 325 f. 33.5 f. 3401.
Exchange on London, one month, money, 25f. Me. ;
three months, money, 25f. 5c.-Cours Authentique.