The Sun.
London, England, 1822-06-08 00:00:00

[MORNING HERALD 1

Last night we. heard that Mr. Wallace had put
off the further consideration of his Warehousing,
Act till next week. This will give the Manu-
facturers an opportunity of meeting for the pur-
pose of petitioning the House against it. This
Measure, so fr:r as -British manufactures are
concerned, strikes at the root of the Expor-
tation' Trade of the United Kingdom. The
following branches of manufacture are most
likely to be affected ; and we suggest to
all those engaged in them, to lose no time
in opposing this inconsiderate Bill. Makers of
silk goods (for the concession in this branch has
been made so far only as regards the silk throw-
sters) ; manufacturers of woollen ; cotton ; hard-
ware ; glass ; earthenware ; publishers of books
and maps ; makers of trinkets ; haberdashers ;
cutlery ; watches and clocks ; mathematical
instrument makers : indeed, there is not a single
manufacturer but will be seriously injured should
this Bill pass. Mr. Wallace is a Gentleman,
who, we hear, knows nothing whatever-of the
manufacturing interest of the kingdom and yet
be is much looked up to by the Board of Trade.
Air. Ricardo, we believe, is one of the Come
mittee on the Bill, and every body knows,_ that
he is acquainted practically, With nothing be-
yond buying and selling of stock, and that he
retired upon a handsome fortune, "in consequence
of, being lucky in that pursuits Mr.. Huskisson
is also, we believe, one of the Board of Trade,
besides being on the Committee. flow can he
know any thing of the manufacturing interest a"
the country ?

[BRITISH PRESS.]
Last night the second reading of the ,Con-
stables Bill, the. first proposition for the amelio-
ration of Ireland which has emanated from the
Dew 'Government of that country, was moved. in
the"Hpuse of Commons by Mr. Goulburn: The
plan embraces great variety of details', but the
great principle consists in this, that the power
which has' existed for ages in the. Grand Juries' to.
appoint the baronial constables in their respective
counties, shall be henceforward transferred to the
Executive Government. The measure was stroUgly
opposed bySir J. Newport, Sir H. Parnell, Mr.
S. Rice,Mr,Charles Graut,and several others,who
declared that if carried" into a law, the country
Would not be fit to live in. They all admitted,
that the system of police was Wcctive,.bu.t they
never could consent to a measure so unconstitu-
tional, and so widely remote ftern that benig-
nant spirit of government which the deluded peo-

ple of Ireland had been lately taught to expect.
Mr. Plunkett, on the other hand, maintained
that it was a perfectly constitutional measure,
and could in no way be considered as a departure
from the known laws of the land. The King was
the fountain of all officers intrusted with the
execution of the laws, and to transfer the power
of nominating the Constables to the Executive
Government of Ireland could not consequently
be considered unconstitutional. This may be
true in the abstract, but the present is not a dry
question of law ; it is a proposition for the
amelioration of the state of Ireland, and
how that cau be promoted by degrading and
depressing the gentry, is not within our
comprehension. The great defect in ;the sys-
tem of society in Ireland we thought con-
sisted in the want of an adequate local
body of Gentry dispensing the laws in their
character of Magistrates, and exercising a pa-
rental,care over their tenantry as landlords, sup-
porting the Government with one hand and pro-
tecting the people with the other. The present
Bill, instead of curing, aggravates the defect,
and depriving the people of the benefit which
they derive from the superior classes, consigns
thein over at once to the Executive Government.
The motion for the second reading of the Bill
was carried on a division by a majority of 58.

[THE TIMES.]
Fresh papers respecting the lonian Islands
serve to elucidate the unhappy situation of
those possessions of ours, though up to no very
recent date. The documents, we perceive-, were
ordered last May, but they relate chiefly to
transactions which took place early in the year
1821. However, elucidating that which, we fear,
at his time of life, is unalterable—the temper of
the Governor—they cast a strong light upon the
general system of his government, and are there-
fore of present interest. It appears that a peti-
tion was privately circulating in the island of
Zaute last March tvvelvemonth, and that the re-
presentative of the Lord High Commissioner
there, Sir Patrick Ross, being aware of the cir-
cumstance seized the petition on the person of
M. de Rossi, the Judge of the island.

[MORNING CIIRONICLE.]

We cannot but think that the Legislature over-
looks a very material consideration, when, in its
unbounded confidence in the virtues of Ministers,

it passes Bills that give Government generally
extraordinary powers. Surely the majority should
reflect, and a heart-breaking reflection it is, that
the rare perfection now in office is not immortal ;
and undoubtedly then there should be some se-
curity, providing that the powers so discreetly
entrusted to the unparalleled moderation of one
set of men, may not fall into the hands
of another. We have got now, by great
good luck, a number of temperate, trusty,
virtuous Gentlemen, addicted to no man-
ner of excess, patterns of forbearance, political
Scipios, to whom captive liberty may be com-
mitted with as much safety as captive beauty was
to the Roman conqueror. But who knows how
she may be treated by any libertines who may
succeed to the powers of these Worthies, without
possessing their rare and brilliant virtues ? We
have been led into these melancholy reflections
by the debate on the Alien Bill ; and we
would implore Tories to consider for a mo-
ment the possibility of Ministers being turned
out (we would use the smoother phrase, going
out, were not that act of volition too re-
mote from probability), and let them figure
to themselves another Administration of course
as depraved as the present is excellent—let
them then fancy some worthy Monarch, Fer-
dinand of Spain for instance, taking refuge in this
asylum of cast-off Kings—why, this excellent
person, while forming the most legitimate schemes
for the correction of his unruly, misbegotten sub-
jects—while brewing a little foreign war, might
be whisked away in a moment, without any sort
of state or ceremony, in the custody of Lavender,
the police-officer, for ignominious deportation. To
obviate the possibilty of so dire a calamity occur-
ring,it would be well that powers granted in respect
of themoderation of particular individuals in office,
should be restricted to those individuals ; and

therefore, in such Bills as the Alien Bill and Six
Acts, it should be set forth, in the preamble to
the Bill, that certain powers therein contained,
were granted in consideration of the extraordi-
nary moderation of the Ministers for the time
being, with the termination of whose official ca-
reer those powers should expire and cease to be.
This would set the thing in its true light, infi-
nitely tend to the fame and credit of Ministers,
and inspire the whole world with a sense of the
sound grounds on which we legislate. There
was a time, indeed, when liberty was thought to
consist not merely in the present enjoyment of
rights, but in having an effective legal security
for such enjoyment ; but that doctrine seems ut-
terly exploded now, and has given place to the
precise converse.

From the heat of the weather this week, se-
veral horses drawing stage coaches and other
conveyances have died on the road in the neigh-
bourhood of Stamford. Humane persons may
prevent much suffering by restraining rather than
urging the speed of postilions and drivers. Mr.
Edward Scholes, of Scotgate, an industrious man,
who keeps a team for hire, lost two good waggon
horses on Wednesday, owing to their working
hard in the heat.

OLD HOUSES IN ALDERSGATE-STIMET.--AI ten
o'ciock yesterday morning a stack of chimneys of the house oc-
cupied by Boyle, tailor, within three doors of Bull and Mouth-
street, Aldersgate-street, fell in with a tremendous crash, that
drove in the roofs of three adjoining houses, occupied by Mr.
Newman, trimming-manufacturer, Mr. Todd, cheese-monger,
and Mr. Goodman 's billiard-rooms. The neighbouring inha-
bitants were thrown into great consternation from the occur-
rence; some of their houses being in a very dilapidated state.
Constables attended to warn the passengers from approaching
too near. There.were several young children in the houses,
and families; and' a woman long confined to her bed, where the
roof fell in, but no more damage was done than the shattering
the houses, windows, and partitions :--household implements,
and china and crockery, all went into devastation.
MARLBOROUGH-B'TR EE T.—YeSterdaY Wan. HaftbUry was
brought before J. E. CONAN T; Esq. charged with breaking and
entering the premises of Luke Hansard, Esq. of Great Turnstile,
Hallam, and stealing therein a barometer, a clock, and many
other articles to a large amount. , Mr. Hansard attended, and
identified the barometer and clock to be his property. The pri-
soner said nothing in his defence, and he was fully committed
' to take his,trial.

To Tat RIGHT HON. ROBERT PEEL, &c.,

FOR THE SUN.
SlR—Since the publication of my former letter to
you on the Currency Question, I have met with
Mr. IticAuDo's opinion " on the effect produced
on the price of Corn by your Bill for restoring
the ancient standard" in the sth Section of his
late pamph:et. Mr. RICARDO says, " that from
1797 to 1819 we had no standard by which to
regulate the quantity and value of our money,"
and it appears to be his view that the Bank
ought to regulate its issues by the par of ex-
change; thus he accounts for the increased
pressure on the country," because the Bank did
not issue a sufficient quantity of notes to keep
the exchange at par."—This is in fact an
acknowledgment that the ancient standard
possesses merely the negative quality of check-
ing the circulation, and it contrasts the more
forcibly with that quality of paper money, that
being as it is, the anticipation or the consequence
of the exchange of things, it accommodates itself
in the proportion requisite thereto ; whereas,
in the case of the ancient standard, the exchange
of things must more or less be dependent on the
quantity of Bullion.—The objections raised
against paper money are on the supposition that
if it is not controlled by Bullion it has no check
against excessive issue or against an unnatural
rise in the price of things, and that it possesses
no real value.—Now its value or price, like that
of metallic money, and of every thing else,
depends on the demand, and in the case of
paper money this demand is certain ; the deb-
tor whom it " admonishes" knows its value full

well, and that he must have it to liquidate his
debt. It is the very essence of money that there
be a debtor to it.—As unjustly as paper money is
stigmatised as of no value, is it charged with un-
naturally raising prices; if it unnaturally raises
price, it thereby causes increase of production,
and there must be a re-action by the excess of
production lowering price again ; for paper
money is not the cause, though it affords the
means of a rise in prices.—lt is not, however,
the circulatio❑ of the metropolis that was so

much affected by your Bill, as that of the coun-
try, and accordingly the pressure has been the
greater on agricultural produce. The agrictil-
turists are therefore particularly interested in
the formation of chartered country Banks, as
now proposed. The facilitating circulation will
not raise the price of corn to SOs. per quarter,
while 655. is a remunerating price, but it will
keep prices steadier to this " standard," instead
of those fluctuations which a medium dependent
on the foreign exchange occasions, such as 505.,
when the barns are full, and money wanted for
the mortgaged rent, and 70s. as soon as the re-
duced stock is confined to such as have the means
of holding out for it.
Curzon-street, May 31, 1822.

E. SOLLY.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

Oxronn, JUNE 7.—On Thursday the following Degrees
were conferred :

'MASTERS OF ARTS.
George Rooke, Fellow of Merton College.
Rev. George Hemming, Merton College.
Rev. IVm. Robinson,l Magdalen Hall.
Rev. Henry Ayling,
Rev. Henry John Gunning, Balliol College.
Rev. George Edge Larden, Brasenose College.

BACHELORS OF ARTS.
Griffith Roberts, 8.A., of Jesus College, was incorporated

from Dublin.
The Hon. William Wingfield, Brasenose College, Grand
Compounder.
William Williams, All Souls' College.
Edward Wilson, Postmaster of Merton College.
Charles Hedges, Lincoln College.
Edward George Simcox, Scholar of Wadham College.
Henry Tull, St. Edmund Hall.

~
Thomas Coltman, 1 Bmsenose College
William Stone,
Henry Trimmer, Exeter College.
.John Horatio Lloyd,
Richard Lechmere,
George Sercombe Luke, a Queen's College.
Thomas Stringer, J

Robert Howlett,
William Wilkins Gale, Pembroke College.
William Weld, St. John's College.
At an Ordinatien held by the Lord Bishop of this Diocese,
on Sunday last, in the Cathedral at Ch. Ch. the following per-
sons were ordained :
DEAcoNs.—Richard Palmer, M. A. Student of Christ
Church ; W. B. Thomas, B.A. Scholar of Pembroke College ;
William Fisher, M.A. Student of Christ Church ; Thomas- V.
Durell, B.A. Student of Christ Church ; James It. Holcombe,
B.A. Fellow of Jesus College ; Robert B. Paul, M.A. Fellow
of Exeter College; Charles W. W. Eyton, B.A. Scholar of
Jesus Colleke ; James Norris, M.A. Scholar of Corpus Christi
College ; ..Vfin P. Roberts, B.A. Chaplain of New College 9 •
Rich. Bracken, B.A. Michel Fellow of Queen's College ; R.
Ito•kell, B.A. Scholar of Jesus College; Francis Horsley, 8.8.
Curate of Mixbury ; Charles Radford, B.A. Curate of Swa-
cliffe.
PRIrSTS.—Geo. Hayward, M.A. Scholar of Pembroke Col-
lege ; Richd. F. Laurance, M.A. Fellow of Pembroke; Henry
B. Newman, A.B. Scholar of Wadham Coll.; W. B. Hellins,
A.B. Curate of Lillingstone Lovell; Thomas R. Powys, A.B.
Curate of Whitchurch ; William Greswell, M.A. Fellow
of Balliol College ; Joseph Dornford, M. A. Fellow of
Oriel College; William Cleminson, B.A. Curate of Charl-
grove ; Joshua Stratton, B.A. Chaplain of New College ;
Robert M. White, M.A. Demy of Magdalen College ; Wil-
liam Boycott, M.A. Demy of Magdalen College ; John
Walker, B.A. Chaplain of New College; Henry Gipps, M.A.
Fellow of Worcester College ; Edward Philip Cooper, M.A.
Fellow of St. John's ; Thomas Lombard, M.A. Student of
Christ Church ; Augustus A. Colville, M.A. Student of Christ
Church.
At a General Ordination held by the Hon. and Right Reve-
rend the Lord Bishop Of -the Diocese in Gloucester Cathedral,
on Sunday, the following persons of this University were ad-
mitted to Holy Orders :
DEACONS.—Thomas Simpson Evans, A. 8., St. Alban Hall;
John Barnes Bourne, A. 8., Trinity College ; John Yolland,
A. 8., Worcester College; John Matthew, A. 8., Baliol Col-

le PRIESTS.—Isaac Bridgman, A. 8., St. Edmund Hall; John
Tucker, Pembroke College ; C. Hardwick, A. 8., University
College ; Charles Nutt, A. 8., Magdalen College ; Henry C.
H. Hawkins, A. 8., Cluist Church; Richard -Battiseombe,
A. 8., Merton College.

We regret to say that the abominable traffic in
Slaves is as briskly carried on as ever in the United
States. In the Alexandria Gazette of the 4th of
May we find the following disgraceful and infa-
mous notices :

" Negroes Wanted.—The Subscribers wish to purchase 30
or 40 young Negroes, from 12 to 20 years of age. Apply, &c."
" Negroes Wanted.—We will give cash for 15 or 20 likely
young Negroes."
" Negroes for Sale.--To be sold for cash, at Mr. Catt's,
West End, on the 4th day of May next, at twelve o'clock, a
Coloured Man and Uhild."
" Cash forNegrces.—Liberal prices in cash will be paid for
30 likely young Negroes of both sexes."
" Cash to give for Slaves.—The Subscriber wishes to pur-
chase a few likely young Negroes, male and female, from 10 to
18 years of age."

The Petition again3t the Catholic Peers' Bill,
from •Maidstone was signed by 850 persons. The town, of
Goudhurst, in twc days, furnished 168 signatures to a similar
Petition ; and both Petitions have been forwarded, to the Earl
of Ro 51NEY, to b: presented to the House of Lords:

FOR THE SUN.

LANDED INTEREST-AND BONDED GRAIN.

Ma. EDITOR—After the late protracted de-
bates in the House of Commons, where the
landed interest essentially preponderates, from
the very nature of the qualification required for
Members, it cannot be alleged that every oppor-
tunity has not been afforded of discussing the
merits of the agricultural question. The result
must, however, disappoint the farmer ; for of the
various plans devised, not one professed to give re-
lief from the actual pressure. All admit that there
is no immediate remedy, and the measure at last
adopted provides only against a contingency,
never to be realized while the seasons are fa-
vourable and crops abundant—but solely when
inclement weather, or a change in our political
relations abroad, may force the price of native
Wheat in our Home market to 80s. per quarter.
The farmer has now for more than three years
possessed the entire monopoly of the Home
Market, to the total exclusion of foreign corn,
and yet, instead of obtaining 80s. or any thing
like a remunerating price, it has successively
fallen each year far below it. If these high
prices cannot be maintained, it is obvious that
the only remedy for the farmer is to raise his
Corn cheaper, by diminishing all expensive
modes of cultivation, aided by a reduction in taxes,
Poor-rates, and especially in rents, which ought
to approximate to the old Peace Standard and to
the Peace Price of Corn. The remedy is in the
hands of the landed interest in Parliament. It
should be remembered that great as is acknow-
ledged to be the distress of the agriculturist, it
has not been peculiar to that class of the com-
munity. Every other class in society has suffered
equally by the transition from a state of war to
a state of peace, with the exception of the fund-
holder and annuitant, who were depressed by
the war while others were thriving. Who does
not recollect the calamities of the manufacturer
a few years back, when the master could get no
remunerating price for his capital, nor the weaver
find employment ? Ask the ship-owner and sea-
man the immense difference that exists between
present freights and wages, and those of former
times, as well as in the value of capital vested in
shipping. What return does the West India
Planter receive from his estates at the present
reduced prices of sugars, rum, and colonial pro-
duce ? or the proprietors of mines and iron foun-
dries in this country ? In fine, what losses has
not the mercantile interest suffered by the stag-
nation of commerce and the depreciation of all
kinds of merchandize ? and what relief could
Parliament afford to the distress of all these vari-
ous classes It is preposterous, therefore, for agri-
culturists more than others to expect always remu-
nerating prices. Time and economy more than Le-
gislative'measures will effect a cure. Were a sum-
mary made by each class, exhibiting the War and
Peace prices of their respective commodities, the
Agriculturist would find that he has not been the
only, nor perhaps the greatest sufferer. Agri-
culture was benefited in an extraordinary degree
by the impulse it received from a War of un-
common duration, and by the extension of our
Manufactures and Foreign Commerce during the
same period. The effect has ceased with the
cause, and proves that the interests of all are
closely allied ; together they prosper and together
they droop. The Agriculturist must at length
submit to the painful revulsion experienced by
all other classes.

Among the arguments used in the late Debates
for not lowering the import price of corn under
80s., exclusive of duty, it was asserted that wheat
could be procured at Odessa, in the Black Sea,
as low as 16s. per qnarter, and some made it as
low as 12s. per quarter. But,.if inferior corn

can be purchased thus cheap in a remote corner
of the world, does it follow that merchants will
hazard the entire loss of their capital in bringing
it to England from a distance of some thousand

miles? Enough of inferior cheap corn of our own
growth can be had in Mark-lane, without seek-
ing it at such an immense distance. It should
also be recollected that Underwriters pay no

damage on grain arising from sea water, natural
decay—or from getting heated by long confine-
ment on board during a tedious voyage. Such
risks of total loss must, therefore, be taken into
the estimate of the cost, when calculating the
probabilities of importation, and not merely the
actual disbursement of prime cost, freight, pre-
mium of insurance, and interest of money. This
is a circumstance of great weight ; and by few
sufficiently adverted to among Theorists and
Landed Proprietors, in their calculations of the
price at which Corn can be afforded from Foreign
Countries.

Much jealous feeling and groundless alarm
have been excited among the Agriculturists on
the subject of the Grain bonded in Warehouses
since the closing of the Ports, in the Spring of
1819. Its supposed cheapness is the constant
theme. But if to tl►e original cost be added the
freight, insurance, interest of money, and heavy
charges incurred in warehousing and keeping it
during three years, together with the natural de-
terioration of quality by age, not to mention the
sea risks encountered, it will be found that it would
not near repay the capital disbursed, if admitted
now into home consumption, and much of it would
be subject to a very heavy loss. This applies to
other species of G rain, like Barley, Beans, and
Peas, as well as Wheat. At all events, as it was
imported on the faith of the Act of 1815, with
the concurrence of the Landed Interest, it has
not only a claim to be admitted into home con-
sumption whenever the price of Wheat may
reach 80s. per quarter, free of any duty that may
now be fixed,—but as the currency has since been
altered by Parliament, it has an equitable claim
to admission at a lower rate than 80s., and other
grain in proportion—for the Marquis of London-1
derry himself distinctly allows that 70s. now,
are equal to 80s. when the Corn Bill passed ;
and Mr. Western, and many other Land Pro-
prietors, declare the difference to be considerably
greater. On these grounds a compromise might
be advantageous both to the Agriculturist and
Corn Merchant before the price reaches 705., and
such a measure may be well deserving the atten-
tion of the public at the present moment.
In years, of scarcity, the importer of Corn is'

viewed with very different feelings, and as he
suffers now in common with the Agriculturist, he
has a right to the maintenance of the original
terms fixed for importation. Averse as may be
considered the Members of the House of Com-
mons, as individuals, to the claims of the Corn
Merchants, yet no doubt can exist that, as Legis-
lators, every attention would be paid to a Peti-
tion from the Corn Merchants of the kingdom,
founded on just reasons, and ultimately it might
lead to the adoption of measures equally advan-
tageous to all parties.
London, May 22, 1822. OBSERVER.