The Sun.
London, England, 1849-01-08 00:00:00

PORTUGAL.

The Portuguese Cortes was opened on the 2d inst.
The following was the Speech from the Throne :
" Worthy Peers of the Realm, and Gentlemen Depu-
ties of the Portuguese nation,—
" With extreme pleasure I again see the national re-
presentatives re-united around my constutional throne.
" Public tranquillity has remained unaltered during
the interval since the last session. Peace and order—
essential guarantees of the representative system,
founded upon public liberty and prosperity—have been
maintained without the necessity of extraordinary mea-
sures, which are always of a painful nature.
"The Portuguese nation, in the free use of the liber-
ties guaranteed by the constitutional Charter, has become
worthy the envy of the most civilized countries, in con-
sequence of the peace and tranquillity it enjoys whilst
Europe has been devastated by the flame of civil dis-
cord. The monarchical and social principles, in so
many places threatened, derive their force in Portugal
from the hearts of subjects essentially venerators of the
Crown and of the religion of their ancestors.
" I have been careful to reciprocate tha proofs of
friendship I continue to receive from foreign Powers,
and my Government seeks still further to consolidate
and cement the ties which ally them with the Portu-
guese nation.
" With profound sorrow I received accounts of the
unhappy events which made the Holy Father consider
it necessary to withdraw himself from his dominions
and proceed to Gaeta, to which place he was followed by
my Minister in Rome, who attended him in all his tri-
bulations, according to my orders.
" Animated by the religious sentiments which gained
for my august predecessors the title I so much value, of
Most Faithful Sons of the Church,' I sent a peer of the
realm, who is a chamberlain of my palace, upon an extra-
ordinary mission to the Sacred Pontiff, to whom I wrote
as an obedient daughter, assuring him of the joy it would
cause me should he be pleased to sanctify these realms
with his presence.
" In consequence of these events it is to be feared
that delays will arise in the solution of pending negotia-
tions, which are called for by the spiritual necessities of
the people, and by the interests of the Crown, in the
enjoyment of rights which were always held in great
value by the monarchs of this kingdom. Meanwhile, I
have the satisfaction to announce to you that some re-
solutions, adapted to promote the religious well-being of
Portuguese subjects, had been agreed upon in common
accord with the Holy See, as my Government will in
due time inform you.
"You will likewise be made acquainted with a con-
vention entered into with the empire of Brazil for estab-
lishing a just reciprocity in navigation dues, founded
upon the mutual convenience of both countries.
" The state of the Public Treasury suffers from the
defects of the present system of taxation, in which im-
portant modifications have become of urgent necessity,
in order to combine the bona fide collection of the im-
posts with the convenience of the people, founding the
improvements of the system on the clearness and sim-
plicity of its regulations, and the severe responsibility of
218 agents.

"My Government will lay before you the budget of
the receipts and expenditure of the State, and will render
you an account of the execution of the laws recently
passed for the administration of the public revenues.
" Upon fixing the naval and military forces, you will
attend to the exigencies of the public security and the
honour of the nation, seconding my Government in the
measures it has to propose fur attaining those important
results.

" All my ultramarine provinces continue in perfect
tranquillity. If their position be not so prosperous as
might be expected from their valuable resources,
it has, however, generally improved. My Govern-
ment will propose to you such measures as it considers
most appropriate for aiding the development of those
resources.

" I rely upon your devoting most serious attention to
the examination of the budget and the proposals of
organic laws which my Government will present to you,
and thus promote, by care and united efforts, adminis-
trative improvements in the most important branches of
the service, adopting, with respect to each, such mea-
sures as experience indicates and the public necessities
demand.

I hope that the Chambers will give to my Govern-
ment the efficacious and enlight« ned co-operation which
the cause of monarchy, of order, and of liberty exacts."

GERMANY
THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA.
The Wiener Zeitung of the 30th ult. publishes the
following official dispatch :

" REPORT OF FIELD-MARSHAL PRINCE WINDISCHGRATZ.
" Moor, Dec. 30.
" I learnt yesterday, at Fisher, that 10,000 of the
enemy, under the command of I'erczel, had taken, in ad-
vance of me the direction of Moor, and I immediately
went in pursuit of them. I came up to them at Moor,
where they had taken an advantageous position. I kept
on the defensive, in order to allow the Martlief divisio❑
to come up, which was a short distance in my rear. The
enemy, however, commencing to retire, I was forced to
attack them with the Grammont brigade and my ca-
valry. In halt an hour we drove in the enemy's centre,
took six cannons, and a great many prisoners, of whom
many were officers. A general officer is reported to
have been killed. The field of battle is c•,vered with the
dead. The troops behaved with their accustomed
bravery. The remainder of the enemy, about 8,000
strong, retreated in the direction of Sthulweissenbourg.
" JELLACHICH, Field Marshal."
WINDISCHGRATZ is advancing on Pesth, and JELL.A.-
cnicu on Buda.

The Augsburg Gazette says " Arrests are still
made. Every day fugitives of the days of October
are brought in loaded with chains. Several, journalists
have been arrested."
The Grand Duke CONSTANTINE of Russia has ar-
rived at Prague.
A letter from Vienna, of the 30th ult., announces
that the Bank has entered into a treaty with the
firm of ROTHSCHILD, by which that house engages
to furnish it whi' four millions of florins (about
10,000,0000 on drafts on other countries. Discounts
were high in Vienna at the above date. M. STUMA-
CHER, the editor of the Journal of the Present Time,
had been arrested.