The Sun.
London, England, 1822-10-16 00:00:00

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1822.

ficiently insolent and insane to dare to attribute to the wish
and orders of my august father, Don Joaru VI., to whpm
Brazil owes her rank of kingdom, the.-wish to demolish at one
blow the finest monument which the history of the universe has
to. record. Ii is, doubtless, incredible that so great a delusion
should have been attempted : but facts speak for themselves ;
and sophisms cannot prevail against ehvious truth.
While my august father still remained on the plains of the
river Janetio, from which he has been unfortunately drawn by
secret and perfidious manoeuvres, to inhabit again the banks of
the Old Tagus, the Congress of • Lisbon affected to entertain
sentiments of fraternal equality and enlightened principles of
reciprocal justice towards Brazil ; declaring formerly, by article
21, of the basis of the, Constitution, thatthe fundamental law
which was about to be made and promulgated, should only
have application in this kingdoM in the case of its assembled
deputies-declaring such to be the will of the pet)* whom they
represented. But how shocked were those peoe when they
found, in contradiction of this article, and in contempt of their
inalienable rights, a fractional portion of the general Congress
deciding on their dearest interests ! when they saw the domi-
nant party in that incomplete and imperfect Congress legislat-
ing on subjects which were of transcendent importance, and
peculiarly referable to Brazil, Meths; absence of about two.
tlettaaattf herrepredentativesel, "e- ' --
That dominant party, which still shamelessly' insults the
knowledge and probity of the worthy and judicious men who
have seats in the Cortes, has tried all the means of a dark and
infernal policy to deceive Brazil by an apparent fraternity.
which never resided in their hearts; and secretly took advan-
tage of the errors of the governing junta of Bahia (which they
secretly promoted) to break the. sacred bonds which }mite all
the provinces of Brazil under my legitimate and paternal re-
gency. How could the Congress recognize in that factious
Junta a legitimate authority capable of undoing the political
ties of the province, and separating it from the centre of the
system to which it was bound ? and this, too, :after the oath of
my august father to the Constitution promised to tale whole
monarcy ! 'What right had that Congress, whose national
representation was ehen sOicly limited to Portugal, to sanction
acts so illegal, criminal; and fatal in their consequences to the
whole united kingdom ? What were the advantages which
Bahia was to obtain ? The vain and ridiculous name of c
Province of Portugal, and, what is worse, the evils of civil war
and anarchy in which that province is now plunged, in conse-
quence of the guilt of its former Government, sold as it was to
the demagogues of Lisbon, and of some other men, misled by
anarchial and republican ideas.. Were it possible for Bahia
to be preserved as a province of the poor and broken dovni
kingdom of Portugal, would it be better so than by being one
of the first provinces of the vast and powerful Empire of
Brazil ? But the Congress had little other,vicws. Brazil was
:to be no longer a- kingdom ; it was to be deprived of its throne,
to be stripped of the Royal mantle of its Majesty, to be com-
pelled to lay down its crown and sceptre, and retrograde in the
political order of the universe—to receive new fetters, and
humble itself like a slave at the feet of Portugal.
Itnt we thust not stop here. Let us examine the progressive
marelt-of the Cortes. They authorized and established alkar-
• chical provincial governments, independent of each Other, but
subject to Portugal. They destroyed the responsibility and the
mutual harmony of the eiv;l, military, and financial powers,
leaving to the people no resource for -their inevitable evils, un-
less they sought it across the vast ocean—a vain and delusive
resource. A happy idea, indeed, it was of the Congress to
break to pieces the majestic architecture, to separate its parts
and place them in a state of continual contest, to annihilate the
strength of the provinces and to convert them into somany hos-
tile republics. ,But little do the Cortes regard. the misfortunes
of Brazil. It is sufficient for then that opportunities may arise
for taking advantage of the disasters they create. Like the sa-
vages of Louisiana, they would cut down the tree to get at once
at the fruit, rather than gathetit regularly from the branches.
The representations and efforts of the governing junta; and
the deputies of Pernambuco, to rid theniselves of the European
bayonets, to which that province was indebted for its melan-
choly intestine dissensions, were unavailing. .Meanwhile
Brazil began to tear aside the thick veil which covered her
eves ;,elna perceived the purpose for which- these troops were
destined; she inquired into the causes of the reception that had
been given to the proposals of the few Deputies she had in Por-
tugal, and was gradually losing all hope of improvement and
reform in the deliberations of the Congress, and she at length
found that the justice of her claims, and the patriotic voices of
her deputies, were disregarded.
But this. was not all. The Cortes of Portugal well know
that Brazil was oppressed by the enormous debt of the treasury
to her national bank ; and that if the latter should fail, num-
berless families would be reduced- to ruhi and total indigence.
This was a subject of the utmost importance, yet not the least
attention was bestowed on the credit of that Bank : it rather ap-
peared that they were carefully labouring to give it a final blow,
taking from Brazil the surplus of the provincial revenues, which
ought to have been paid into her public and central treasury :
and they even deprived the Bank of the. management of the
contracts which the King my august father had conceded to it
for mortgaging that debt. - •
Finally, there arrived at Brazil the fatal decree of my recall
to Portugal, and the total exclusion of 'the tribunals of Rio • de
Janeiro, while at the same time those of Portugal continued
in existence. Every hope instantly vanished even of preserv-
ing a delegation of the elcecutive power which -forms the
common centre of union anti strength of all the provinces of
this vast nation : for without this common centre, which gives
regularity and impulse to all the movements of the social
machine, in vain would nature have bestowed all that she
has profusely expended for the rapid development of
the power and future prosperity of Brazil. A vigorous
and constitutional government can alone smooth the way for
augmenting the civilization and progressive riches of Brazil, de-
fend her against her external enemies, and repress the plots of
ambitious and evil-disposed men, who presume to make at-
tempts on individual liberty and prosperity, and on the peace
and public security of the state in general,. and of each of her
provinces in particular. Without this common centre, I once
more repeat, all the relations of mutual amity and commerce
between this kingdom anti Portugal and foreign countries will
encounter a thousand collisions and obstaeles ; and instead of
augmenting our wealth, under a solid and adequate system of
public economy, we shall see it stagnate, decline, and perhaps
totally vanish. Finally, without this- centre of power and union,
the Brazilians cannot preserve their natural limits and frontiers,
and will lose by the present machinations of the Congress all
that they have gained at the expence of so much blood and trea-
sure ; and what is worse, with the loss of their national honour
and glory, and their great and legitimate political and commer-
cial interests. But, happily for us, outraged justice and policy
will raise a universal cry, and suspend the execution of theise
mischievoui decrees.

The indignation of the people of this kingdom was again
roused by the contemptuous treatment offered to the worthy
citizens of Brazil; for in the numerous list of Diploma-
tists, Ministers of State, Councillors, and Military Gover-
nors, there appeared not a single Brazilian name. The sinis-
ter purposes for which these new bashaws were appointed un-
der the title of Governors-general is now apparent.' It is suffi-
cient to observe the uniform conduct winch they held in our
provinces, in opposition to the dignity and liberty of Brazil—it
it sufficient to remark the consideration with which the Cortes
attended to their dispatches, and the influence which they exer-
cised in civil and political affairs, totally unconnected with mi-
litary employments. The condescension with which the Cortes
received the congratulations of the fratricide troops expelled
from Pernambuco—the late approbation bestowed by the Con-
gress on the proceedings of General Avilez' who occasioned the
premature death of my lamented son, the Prince Don doom—
the disregard paid to the sanguinary scenes of Bahia, perpe-
trated by the infamous Madeira, who was supplied with fresh
troops in spite of the protests of the Deputies of Brazil ; ail
this proves that after overthrowing the liberty of the pro-
vinces, stifling the cries of their just demands, denouncing as
anti-constitutional the patriotism and honour of the citizens,
these disorganizers seek only to establish, under the deceitful
titles of union and fraternity, a complete military despotism,
by which they hope to crush us.
No just Government, no civilized nation can fail to com-
prehend that Brazil, deprived of an executive power, bereft of
the necessary tribunals, and obliged to go through distance
and dangers to seek favour and justice from Portugal her
provinces drained of their revenues by Lisbon--her rank as a
kingdom annihilated—and herself subjected to the bayonets
sent by Portugal—it would only remain for her to be erased
for ever from the list of nations and free states, and to be once
more reduced to her old state of a colony and exclusive com-
merce. But it does not suit the Congress to publish in the
face of the civilized world their occult and abaminable pro-
jects, and they endeavour to disguise them by the appoint-
ment of Commissioners charged to treat of the political and
mercantile affairs of this kingdom. The opinions of these
commissions spread over the world, and evince all the Ma-

chiavelism and hypocrisy of the Cortes of Lisbon, which can
impose only on the ignorant, and give new arms to the secret
enemies who exist between us.

These false and wicked-politicians now tell us that the Con-
gress desires to be made acquainted with the wishes of Bruil,
and that it always endeavours to be just in its deliberations ;
if this be true, why have the Cortes of Lisbon hitherto rejected
every thing that has been proposed by the few Deputies whom
we' have sent them ?

The Special Commission charged with the political aff'airs of
this kingdom has already before it the representations of many
of our provinces and magisterial councils, in which the abroga-
tion of the decree for the organization of provincial govern-
ments, and my continuance in this kingdom as Prince Regent,
arc sought. But what did the Commission do ? Nothing was
to be expect-d from it, and it was with difficulty that it pro-
posed that I should remain temporarily at Rio de Janeiro,
without entering into the attributes which should belong to me
as delegate of the Executive Power. The people call for a
single centre of that power, in order to avoid the dismember-
ment of Brazil into isolated and rival parts. What did the
Commission do ? It was Machiavelian enough to propose that
two or more centres should be granted to Brazil, and that only
till such time as those provinces which desired it should cor-
resp,:mddiretkly with Portugal. • "
Repeatedly did our Deputies raise their voices in favour of
Brazil; but they were drowned in the clamours of the hired
rubble in the galleries of the Cortes. To all their outcries, it
was always answered either that they were contrary to the ar-
ticles already decreed by the Constitution, or contrary to the
internal regulations of the Cones, or that-it was impossible to
repeal what was already decided ; or, finally, it
.was contemp-
tuousiy urged that no Provincial Deputies could there be ac-
knowledged, that they were all the Deputies of the Nation, and
that the majority could alone avail—a false and unheard of
principle of public right, though extremely useful to the
usurpers of it, in as far as they could make it a pretext, under
cover of the majority of their European votes, for enslaving
Brazil at their pleasure. The. letter addressed to me by the
Government of S. Paulo was present at the Congress, and con-
sequently they were acquainted with the unanimous wish of
the deputation which was sent to ine by the Government, the
Magistracy, and the Clergy of. its capital. It was all without
effect. P Junta of that Government was insulted, taxed
with rebellion, and threatened with a criminal process. Finally,
through the organ of a free press, the Brazilian writers made
known to the world the injustice and errors of the Congress ;
and as a reward for their loyalty and patriotism, they were
upbraided with venality, and considered to be inspired 'only
by the genius of evil, in the Machiavclian opinion of the
commission.

It is impossible that Brazil can throw a veil of eternal obli-
vion over such insults and atrocities ; and it is equally impos-
sible that she can ever again place confidence in the Cortes of
Lisbon, trifled with as she is by them on every occasion, la-
cerated by a civil war commenced by that iniquitous people,
and stilrmenaced with the horrible scenes of Hayti, which our
furious enemies long to see revived.
Is not the act of that Government, too, in prohibiting. foreign
nations, with whom we trade -freely, froni supplying us with
military and naval ammunition, a real commencement of hos-
tilities ? Should we suffer Portugal to offer to yield to-Prance a
part of the province of Para on condition that that power would
furnish her with troops and vessels sufficient to enable her more
effectually to tie up our hands and shut us out from our just
rights ? Can the brave Brazilians forget that similar proposals,
and for thesame purpose, were made to England, accompanied
by an offer to iferpetuate the treaty of commerce of 1810, and
even with greater advantages ? To such an extent has the
malice and bad policy of the Cortes proceeded !
Moreover' the Congress of Lisbon, sparing no endeavour to
oppress and enslave us, has scattered abroad a cohort of secret
emissaries, who employ all the resources of cunning and per-
fidy to mislead the politic spirit, to disturb good order, and to
fo-
Went disunion and anarchy in Brazil. Assured of the Just hatred
which the people entertain towards-despotism, these perfidious
emissaries do not cease to pervert the public opinion, to as-
perk the most pure and just actions of my Government, and
even to dare to impute to me the desire of completely separat-
ing Brazil from Portugal, and of reviving the old -system of
arbitrary power. In vain they endeavour to disunite the in-
habitants of this kingdom; our honoured European fellow_
countrymen will never prove ungrateful to the -country which
has adopted them for sons, and from, which they have derived
honour and riches.

Not content with this series of perfidies and atrocities, the
factious emissaries of the Cortes have dared to insinuate that a
great part of these disastrous measures has emanated from the
executive power. As if the cheracter of the King, of the Ile-
nefactor of Brazil, were ca aide of such Illachiavelian perfidy ;
as if it were known to Brazil, to- ;he whole world, that the
Senhor Don Joam VI., my august• father, is actually a state
prisoner, completely incapable of action, and deprived of that
free Will which should be possessed • y a true Monarch, en-
joying those attributes which any legitimate•constitution, how-
ever careful and suspicious it might be, would never deny him.
It is known to all Europe and to the whole world, that, of his
Ministers -some are in the circumstances With himself, and
others are the Mures and partizans of the predominant
faction. . .

_ .
Doubtless the provocations and injustices of the COnmress
with regard to Brazil are the offspring of parties divided among
themselves, but united against us. Some seek to force Brazil
to separate herself from Portugal, in order that the constitutional
system may be then more effectually stifled:Others desire it,-too,
because they wish to unite themselves to Spain, • Thus every
thing in Portugal. is turned to the prejudice of Brazil.
Blinded with pride, or impelled by revenge and conceit,. the
Cortes would decide with two strokes of the pen a question of the
greatest importance to the great Portuguese fathily, establish..
ing, without consulting the general, wish-of the Portuguese of
both hemispheres, the seat of the monarchy in Portugal ; as if
this smallest part of the Portuguese territory, and its stationary
and timorous population, should be the political and commer-
cial centre of the whole nation. In effect, if, it is requisite for
States naturally divided, but united under one sole chkf,
that the vital principle of their movements and energy should
exist in the most central and powerful part of the great social ma.
chine, in order thit the impulse may communicate itself to the
whole periphery with the greater readiness and vigour, certainly
Brazil possesses the incontestable right of holding within her-
self the seat of executive power. 'leis vast and rich country,
whose lengthened coasts stretch from two degrees on the other
side of the Equator down to the river Plata, and are bathed by
the Atlantic, stands as it were in the centre of the globe, on the
borders of the great canal over which the trade of nations is con-
veyed, and which forms the link which connects the four quar-
ters of the globe. Brazil has Europe and the most considera-
ble part of America on her • left, .A filen •in front, on'her right
the remainder of America and Asia, with the immense archi-
pelago of Australia, and the Pacific Ocean washing her sides,
while the straits of agellan and Cape Horn lie within reach.
Who does not know that it is almost impossible to impart
new strength and vigour to people enfeebled. and exhausted ?
Who does not know that the good days of Portugal are passed,
and that it is only from Brazil that that little portion of the
monarchy can hope for certr.nt support, and the power of re-
covering her former er.ergy ? But Brazil will certainly he un-
able to afford that support, should the Portuguese Government
succeed in the mad project of enfeebling, disuniting, and de-
stroying her.
In so long and systematic a series of folly and atrocity, what
should be the conduct of Brazil? Must she suppose the Cortes
of Lisbon to be ignorant of her rights and necessities ? Cer-
tainly not; for in that Cortes there are, even among the fac-
tious party, men who, though wicked, are not ignorant. Ought
Brazil to suffer, and merely content herself with humbly soliciting
the remedy of her misfortunes from merciless and egotical men ?
Does she not see, that though the despots might be changed,
the despotism would Continue ? Such conduct, besides being
unwise and dishonourable, would plunge Brazil into an un-
fathomable gulf of misery : and Brazil being lost, the perdition
of the monarchy is certain.
Placed by Providence in the midst of this vast and blessed
country as the heir arid lawful delegate of the King, my august
father, my first duties are not only to labour for the welfare of
the Brazilian people, but also of those of the whole nation which
I shall one day be called to govern. In order to fulfil these
sacred duties, I assented to the wishes of the provinces which
entreated me not to abandon them ; and wishing to execute my
resolutions to the utmost point, I consulted the public opinion
of my subjects, and nominated and convoked Procurors-Gene-
ral of all the provinces, to advise me how to act for the common
welfare of the state. Next, to alibrd a new proof of my sincerity
and love, I accepted the title and duties of Perpetual Defender
of this kingdom, confided to me by the people; and finally,
seeing the urgency. of affairs, and hearing the universal voice of
the people who wished to be secure, I convoked a constituent
and legislative assembly, to labour for the permanent happiness
of the country. Thus I conformed with the wishes of the

PRICE SEVEN PENCE::

• .
people, who consider my august father and King as deprived of
his liberty, and subject to the caprice of that band of factions
who rule the Cortes of Lisbon, from whom it,would be absurd
to expect just measures suited to the situation of Brazil, or
tending to the real welfare of the whole Portuguese nation.
I should be ungrateful to the Brazilians—l should be false
to my promises, and unworthy the name of Prince-Royal of :the
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and -Algarve.s, if I had
acted _otherwise. But I protest, before God, and in the facc.of
all friendly and allied nations, that I by no means wish;to
separate the bonds of unity and fraternity, which are calculated
to render the Portuguese nation one single, political, and -well-
organised whole. I also protest, that, saving the due arid just
union of all the parts of the monarchy under one single
sovereign, as supreme chief of the executive power of the whole
nation, I will defend the lawful rights and future Constitution
of Brazil (which I hope will be good and prudent) with all my
power, and even at the expense of my blood, if such should be
necessary.
I have explained, with sincerity and Conciseness to the
governments and nations to whom I have addressed this
manifesto, the causes of the final resolution of the people Of this
kingdom. -If King Don Joam the Sixth, my august Father,
were now in Brazil, enjoying his liberty and lawful autho-
rity, lie."Wieild doubtless concur in the wishes -of this-- lOyal
and genersne people ; and the immortal founder af•ljiis
kingdom, wild., in February, 1821, convoked Brazilian Cortes
at Rio de Janeiro, would not fail to convoke them..iri the
same manner as 1 now do. But our King being a prisoner and
ataptive, it behove me to rescue him from the degraded situa-
tion to which he is reduced by the factious of Lisbon—it is my
duty, as his delegate and heir, to save not only Brazil but the
whole Portuguese nation.

My firm resolution, and that of the two nations which .I go-
vern, being lawfully promulgated, I hope that sensible and im-
partial men, all over the world, and That the governments and
nations friendly to Brazil, will render justice to such honest 'and
noble sentiments. I invite them to continue to maintain relations
of mutual interest and amity. I shall be ready to receive: Weir
Ministers and Diplomatic Agents, and to send them mine, so
long as the King, my august father, shall remain in captivity.
The ports of Brazil shall continue open to all pacific and friend-
ly nations,lfur lawful trade not prohibited by the lavrs. Euro-
pean colonists who emigrate hither, may rely on being pro-
tected in this rich and hospitable country. Philosophers,,art-
ists, capitalists, and speculators, will also experience a friendly
reception. And as Brazil will respect the rights of other legi-
timate governments, she hopes, as a just return, that her unali-
enable rights will be by them respected and acknowledged, and
that she may not, in the opposite case, be placed under the
painful necessity, of acting contrary to the dictates of her gene-
rous heart. PRINCE REGENT.
Palace of Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 6, 1822.