The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-03 00:00:00

... £245,207,611 98
... 135,387,897 00
~. 78,706 05

46,053,169 59
79,735,383 00

8,310,000 00
565,793 00
20,626,235 25
1,331,715 00
50,000,000 00
50,000,000 00
10,000,000 00
42,581,488 13

12,779,541 39
4,000,000 00
2,396,225 00

230,000 00
3,973,963 72
2,662,397 00
155,448 81
158,194 00
161,643 50

3,000,000 00

... 1,075,000 00

E 720,670,412

f. 67,900,000
... 28,350,000
... 10,000,000
... 2,980,750
... 4,000,000
... 363,501,600

Ditto of the branch banks ... ... 45,519,400
Ditto to order (post-bills) 774,617
Account-current with Treasury creditor 66,895,035
Various accounts current ... ... 84,397,427
Ditto in branches ... 25,435,757
Bills payable at sight ... 9,356,500
Ditto at branches 1,621,228
Bills of the branch banks payable by

•
the Bank ••• ...
... "ID
Ditto of the Bank payable by branches..
Dividends payable ••• • • •••
Liquidation of the Algiers Bank ...
Discounts, interest, and expenses ...
Ditto branch banks ... ••• •••
Re-discounts of the last six months ...
Ditto in branch banks .. ... ...
Miscellaneous ••• ••• ••• •••

6,730,250
3,464,034
1584,493
169,312
1,298,928
809,323
143,693
321,562
416,470

46
00
25
44

00
49
00
27

f. 720,670,412 42
Certified by the Governor of the Bank of France,
D'ARGOUT.

POLY TECHNIC INSTITUTION.

During the past week Dr. Bachhoffner, in conti-
nuing his lectures on Domestic Chemistry, has chosen
the subject of aerated fluids and beverages of such
like description. The professor confined himself almost
entirely to the preparation of soda water, lemonade,
&c., which he, in his experiments, manufactured for
the benefit of his audience, both in an intellectual as
well as practical understanding. The apparatus
chosen for illu3tration was that lately patented by
Mr. Masters, and certainly from the experiments
performed at the lecture proved itself one of the most
perfect inventions of any yet extant; in size and
appearance it might be taken to represent a small
vase or dessert jug, forming altogether an elegant
ornament for the table and sideboard. After pointing
out the principles upon which these aerated drinks have
been previously prepared, the lecturer proceeded to ex-
plain the modus operandi of this new vessel. It may
be briefly described as follows :—Two glass receivers
are disposed one above the other, the upper one
having a descending pipe leading from about midway
in its interior to the bottom of the lower receiver.
The upper one contains the material for producing
the gas necessary for aeration, the lower one the
compound to be aerated. When it is required to set
the apparatus in action, a small quantity of water is
poured into that receiver containing the chemical
salts for liberation of the gas—the whole apparatus
being firmly screwed together. The gas having
no means of exit save the descending pipe previously
mentioned, is forced to descend that channel, and
bubbling the contents of the lower chamber, strongly
impregnates them, giving them a sharp and agreeable
flavour. After the process has continued for a few
minutes, the aerated drink may be drawn off at the
convenience of the operator, an ingenious tap being
arranged for that purpose. The Learned Doctor con-
cluded his lecture amid loud and continued applause
from a highly respectable audience.

THE CONVICT WasoN.—Maurice Wilson, or Glee-
son Wilson, the prisoner in Kirkdalo Gaol, convicted for
the murder of Mrs. Henrichson and family, continues
to manifest the same indifference to his fate. He still,

strange to say, protests his innocence; and, like Rush,
appears offended if the turnkeys, or others with whom
he comes in contact,: express a doubt of the
correctness of his assertion. The prisoner, as we
have before stated, is a Roman Catholic, and is
spiritually attended by the Rev. Mr. Duggan, of
St. Joseph's, who will accompany him to the scaffo!d.
Yesterday what is termed the " condemned sermon" was
preached by the Rev. Mr. Appleton, the chaplain of the
gaol, but Wilson was nut present: owing to his faith he
is excused from attendance at church. It has been stated
by our contemporaries, and such was at one time the
understanding, that the prisoner would be executed on
Saturday next. We have official authority, however, for
stating that the sad ceremony will not take place till
Saturday week. The executioner (Calcraft again) has
received notice from the sheriff that his services will be
required on the 15th inst.—Liverpool Albion of this day.
STATE OF THE WEST HIGHLANDS.—We under-
stand that notices of removal have been served on a great
number of croftiers, or small tenants, on the estate of
Lord Macdonald in Skye. Not less than 600 ejectments
are contemplated, which, at the usual estimate of five
persons to each family, will, next spring, cause the re-
moval of about 3,000 souls from the island. Means of
emigration to Canada, we believe, will be provided, but
the case is an extremely painful one. The condition of
these remote Highland properties is a subject surrounded
with unusual difficulties and responsibility. The loss of
the kelp trade and the potato failure rendered it impos-
sible for the poor croftiers to pay rent. Not only is rent
lost, and the land unimproved, but the people are suffer-
ing the utmost destitution, hundreds of them being
merely kept alive by the Destitution Board and the pro-
prietor. When the relief fund fails, the result must be
deplorable. Every attempt to sell these large Highland
estates, burdened with thousands of cotters, has proved
fruitless. Lord Macdonald, we believe, has not had a
single offer for North Uist, though advertised for sale six
months since. When the lands are heavily mortgaged,
the obvious though hard resource is dispossessing the
smaller tenants to make room for a better class, able
to pay rent, and this task generally devolves on south-
country managers or trustees, who look only to
money returns, and cannot sympathise with the
peculiar situation and feelings of the Highland
population. Had a poor-law been established fifty
years since, greater attention would have been
paid to the condition of the people in those districts;
but they have gone on settling and multiplying as
they choose, and for a while little hardship was expe-
rienced, except in peculiarly bad seasons. Now, the
want of employment, the failure or uncertainty of the
potato crop, the operation of the poor-law, and the pe-
cuniary burdens upon many of the proprietors, have
produced a crisis which calls for some new system of
management. Where the soil or climate is unfavourable
for arable cultivation, or where capital cannot be ob-
tained for improvement, emigration is undoubtedly the
most desirable course. The people are helpless in the
Lowlands. They prefer Canada, because large bodies
of their countrymen aro settled in the colony, and the
Gaelic language is found to be no impediment. They
have there a better county, where labour is in demand,
and a spirit of emulation and steady industry is excited.
Where means are provided, voluntary emigration pro.
ceeds on an extensive scale. Within the last ten years
at least 20,000 Highlanders have left this country for
Canada. This season great numbers have gone. We
formerly noticed the emigration from Glenelg—about
350 persons ; and from South Ulst 1,803 have sailed
within the last few weeks. From Lord Macdonald's
part of the island about 900 have emigrated, and from
nthesCourier.property
of Colonel Gordon of Cluny, 891.—Inver-
es
DUBLIN, SNPT.•
land. I.—Wind S.—Sld. Fairy, Newfound-
LIMERICK, SEPT. I.—Wind W.N.W.--Acrd, 31st
ult., Briau Abbe, ,Tieraswortb, Neff York.

THE PEACE CONGRESS
(From the Derby Reporter.)
The Peace Congress has completed its short session
in Paris, and though its result is not very great, its
labours will not be lost on the world. That a consi-
derable number of grave, earnest men should meet
together, and hold counsel for the welfare of the
world, is not of itself a fact of much significance.
They might demonstrate ever so clearly that the
practice of war inflicts miseries unspeakable, and that
in the words of our great captain the features of
victory are only less hideous than those of defeat,
and that a monarch's greatness and an army's glory
are but shadows of a people's ruin. They might
exhibit in plain characters the need societies have
that all their superfluous means should be expended
in supporting institutions which render their mem-
bers content, and elevate their character; and that
the warlike attitude 'and warlike preparations pre-
clude as many social benefits as war itself entails
afflictions and vices. They might prove that a na-
tion's quarrels, like.those of individual citizens, are
capable of being advantageously submitted to the
arbitrement of an ordained law, or the conscience and
judgment of an impartial thirdsman. Or they might
tell us that the unrestrained intercourse of nations, the
interchange of commerce, of letters, thought, and good
offices, would help to bring nations to be ;of one ac-
cord in manners, principles, and politics. This is
what the Peace Congress has done ; but that which
gives weight to its proceedings, is not the opinions its
arguments vindicate and its resolutions embody, but
the community of desire and opinion with its mem•
bers of vast numbers of men in , every nation from
which delegates have wended their way to the Con-
gress. The voice of thousands repeats the sentiments
and approves the resolutions of this little Parliament
of the world ; and if that be not proof of its weight
and dignity, we know not that any assembly has a
title to assume an authoritative air.
For ages the saint has sighed for, and the sage
has foretold, and the poet has Sung of a Parliament
of man—a federation of nations-a delegation of the
wisest citizens to a council held for the general good,
and a high court of justice to administer its behests.
It will be long ere-a consummation so devoutly to be
wished is seen ; ,but in proportion as public opinion
grows strong in the strength of wisdom and humanity,
and, disdaining the crooked paths of selfish policy, re-
cognizes the accord between the welfare of each
nation and the common rights of all, it is certain
that the world will`gather beforehand a greater mea-
sure of the benefits which would flow from the insti-
tution of a general council of the world.
" There is a divinity that shapes our ends rough-
hew them how we *in.". We need not trouble our-
selves much about: the schemes which may fit future
circumstances ; for of the circumstances we know
nothing. All our, duty, is comprised in the one
maxim which teaches us to labour while it is yet day,
and to leave the things of the morrow to higher
guidance. Our business is to strive as we can to
preserve the peace of to- day by opposing to the force
of barbarism the force of civilization. But in good
time we cannot doubt that the same causes which
have operated to 'ally together under one rule, first
the neighbouring towns, then• contiguous countries,
and which have leaguered various nations for pur-
poses of commerce or war, will' extend their influence
over the whole world.
It would be folly, however, to hope that the reign
of opinion can be universal in the outward relations
of kingdoms, until it has become the predominant
power in the internal affairs of each. Armies are
maintained to keep in 'order the rebellious instincts
of people, who are taught by the instincts of nature
to resist authority* which is not exercised for their
benefit. It is but another step to use these ready
instruments to aid' any neighbour whose policy, like
that of Austria, prOves too weak to repress the desire
of self-government. In preaching the duty of
humanity, mercy, and justice, it is not wise to aban-
don the right of appeal to arms against whomsoever
persists in doing injustice. We know very well that
the force of opinion must ever rest on the force of
arms as its ultimate resort. Many people are apt to
say, " Ah ! see how vain 'and specious is this cry for
peace and diminished armaments ! no sooner does a
far-off trumpet sound on the plains of Hungary than
these very peacemakers 'prepare for the battle !" But
is there really inconsistency between the gentle and
just spirit which exhorts to peace, and the generous
courage which would resist oppression ? We would
advise Russia to be peaceful, and encourage Hungary
to heroism at the same time, without doing violence
to any rational love of peace—for the difference be-
tween peace and submission is great indeed