The Sun.
London, England, 1809-09-23 00:00:00

CLERK-EA-11 EL.4 54.StS401VS.

•
Yesterday Thomas Nntvan and John Gibbons
were itidiWa ,t6r-asSitulting,.Wdliain Downes, a con-
stable, in tiii.i:`?"eetitiOn of his duty.
On'Satui&i/ ni bt, the 4th .be Tune, last, the.
Prisoners, 'wilth' a number of Others, all Iri4l la-
bilurers, thernselveS, after the fatigues
of the day, at a public-hoilse in. George-yard, High-
street, Whitechapel ;• the harmony of the night
ended, as usual, in 'a row, and the Prosecutor,' to 7
geiher with other'Peace Officers, interfering to pre-
serve the peace, he was' severely cut and beaten in
the attempt ; the Prisoner Donovan was secured on

the spot, and' Gibbons shortly atter.
. It was attempted• to be proved, that- the latter
was not concerned' in the affray , but the fury
found them both Guilty.—Donovan was sentenced
to be imprisoned fourteen days, and 'Gibbons for
seven. _ _

remains.

William Haynes was indiEted fora misdemea
now., by indecently exposing himself in the pubiic
highway, to the great annoyance of , the King's

subjths. •
On the night of the 25th of July last, between
nine and ten, the Prisoner was observed loitering
about' in Church-sheet, Hackney, wheie he in-
sulted several females, as they passed by, by the
most indecent exposures of-his person; and having
persevered in it for some time, he was at last taken
Into custody.
The Prisoner said, he could not contradiEt what
was sworn to, as he was so intoxicated at the time,-
as to be incapable of knowing what he was doing.
The Jury found him Guilty. He was sentenced
to three.months imprisonment in the House of Cor-
rediOn.
Thomas Maxwell was indiEted for assaulting Han-
nah Mulberry, with intent to commit a rape.
The Prosecutrix, a fine girl of IT years of ale, is
the daughter of Thomas Mulberry, a blackamith,
residing in Chelsea Market, and the Defendant is
a barber, who rented the shop froM him.--The girl
swore, that, about two o'clock in the afternoon•of
Monday, the 2ist of August last, she returned home,,
after leaving her little brothers and' sistersat
The Prisoner 'asked her if her father was at house ?
and ghe said he was not. -She then went up stairs,,
and he 'followed her up to the front room. As.,he
shut the door, "she asked him what he wanted ? He
replied, if she came to him he would tell her ; and
she. said she would.not. He then took hold of 'her
by the hand, and pulled her towards" him., Upon
her resisting,- he said it was in Vain for her to strug-
gle; as nothing should preVent hts gratifying his de-
sires.`. She instantly snatched up a knife that was
' lying on a table, and declared that he should not.
He then confined both her armi6, aficl she attempted
to get to. the window. He forced her front the
window against the table; which broke in the strug-..
gle, and he being alarmed at the knife in her hand,
let her go,, when she escaped out of the room, and
`ran down stairs into the4treet. When her father
came hone; she told him what had happened, when
he instantly procured a Constable, and had the Pri-
soner apprehended ; but upon the intercession of
some friends, and his promising, he would not again
, offend her, lie forgave him. The same night, about
ten o'clock, the Prisoner returned to his lodgings,
and behaved in a very violent
.maonet. tirri+at„,
ened to be revenged, and attempting to lay hold of
her as she stood at the toot of the stairs, she fainted
away. He was then secured and sent to the watelt-
house. •

The Prisoner'read his defence from a written pa-
per.. He totally denied the particulars as sworn to,
but merely asked her for a kiss. He attributed the
prosecution to. a wish to get him out of the shop, in
filvour of another of the same trade; and claimed,
some consideration from having served his country•
'fourteen years in the Light Dragoons, on the Conti-
nent, and having been wounded several.times. The
Jury found him guilty ; and the Coat sentenced
hifin to be confined for twelve months in the House
of Correelion.

COLONEL WARDLE V. MRS. CLARKE, &C.

At eleven o'clock this Gentleman attended at the
Sessions House, and in a little time after was called
in before the Grand Jury, where he under-went an
examination, which continued nearly two hours.—
Major Dodd and Mr. Glennie were likewise exa-
mined, and a little after three o'clock'the Grand
Jury, headed by they Foreman, appeared in Court,
and reported several,Bills for larcenies and minor of-
fences. They then presented, as a TRUE BILL, that
against Mrs. MARY ANN CLAAKE and the two
WRIGHT'S, fora CONSPIRACY.
When the Foreman presented this Bill, he was in-
formed by the Magis;rate then Presiding, that not
having a quorum present, namely, five Magistrates,
they 'could not receive it.
:;tl-. ALLEY, on the part of the Prosecution, ob-
served, that when the dinner hour should arrive,
theta would be a considerable number of the Bench
preitnt; and the Jury,woold wait.until:that hour.--
? At lour &clod: the Jury in a great body again came
into Court, and a full Bench of the Magistracy ap-
pearing, the Foreman again presented the Bill, and
it was received.

Mr. ALLEY then submitted the usual motions,
calling upon the Defendants to find bail for their ap-
pearanee next Sessions to answer the charge. Some
relu(tance was manifested, but it was finally settled
that no warrant was to be executed, provided Mr.
Stokes, the. Solicitor f6r the Defendants, would put
in bail for, the Messrs. Wright to-morrow, and for
Mrs. (jlarke on Tuesday next.
The-words A True -Bill " were indorsed .upon
the back o( it inletters three inches in length.—A
vast crowd of people witnessed these occurrences, led
thither from the expeCiatibh of the Bill being to be
presented this day.

The Rev. Mr. Ford, Rector of Charlton-Mackarel,
in ,consequence of the hail storms in July, 1808,
which destroyed a great part of the corn and apples
in the said paribb, has made a liberal abatement to
each farmer, in his annual money payment in lieu
of tythes.. . .
. Thursday afternoon, a journeyman painter, while
painting A window in Aldersgate-street, tell into the
street, and had his arms and legs dangerously wound-
ed. He was taken.to the hospital without hopes of
recovery. ,

THE

On the Effeas of the Sea at different periods on the Con.
tin6nt of the Earth, and on the Annihilation of several
Species of Animals. • • •

The.tracee-of a great annihilation olniany whole
animal genera of an earlier world are distinctly ob-
serVed, part iculArly on the fossil bones of.Vtil
animals. A. celebrated natural philosopher af-
firms, that; of-all animals, whose fossil bones he
has been
,able to compare wit h those-now extant,

he has not discovered One which belongs to a knoWn
species. This -philosopher enumerates twenty-two
species of quadrupeds, which, according to the

results of hi;''researahes, during the tWo-firscyears,
are to this day wholly unknown .; but whose_ exist-
ence in ageslong since elpSed, is confirmed by their
He notices other species; which are not

sufficiently determined; :but which, Fr(„bably, be-

long to the unknown.
'As to the class of the quadrupeds which are the
least numerous on our earth, it is probable lbat4e
are acquainted with almost every species of them;
and as hose "which yet remain unknown, to us,. are
ceilainly small and very insignificant, it therefore
appears, from these observationS, that the great re-

volutions, of which our earth contains so many too-

nurnents, have frequently annihilated'wholc animal

species, and buried their remains at great depths be-

low the surface of the earth..

In regard to marine anunals, the observations on
the annihilated species, are much less decisit'e, than
in regard to marnmillary annuals although a' con-
siderable number of muscle, and other marine crea-
tures, have been discovered, whose existing she-

des we look for in,vain in the sea, their aanibila-

tion yet remains dubious; as the depths and abysses
of the sea,,. where they would be found, are inac-
cessible to us:
'RespeCting plants, this incriiry is also attended
with great difficulties; the remains of plants chan't;e
themselves, by .ing.ard tet mentation and solLiiiim,

gradually into the substance which forms coal: rhis
mineral carbonation almost w holly effaces the traces
of their organization ; they are therefore principally
to be looked for in the impressions which the plants
have lett behind them, in masses formerly sott, but
now hardened. Among these impressions, particu-
lar ones are to be found; whose originali, on the
earth, have hitherto been sought tor in vain. Dc
Luc, for example, obServed impressions of unknown
plants in the strata of sound.stone which appeared in
the vicinity of coallE; and Whitehurst quotes similar
observationit: but the queStion—Yhether the ori-
ginal of these vegetable impressions still exist on the
earth, cannot "be solved with certainty ; xs their
botanical examination is uncertain,.• and as we are

yet far removed from a full compreheusiou of tile'

vegetable kingdom.
, The many and sudden changes of the climates
which,the earth has suifered, are very apparent in
the tos'sil remains of the former orgatnzation on the
surface of the earth. The assertions, indeed, of
many.renowned naturalists, that, they have found
the remains
.of the quadrupeds of foreian, climates;

in all countries, in N,i/hiolt they have directed` their i
researches; must, from the circumstances which have:
been already remarked, undergo a more minute ex-
-"4"""4“'-----42tY corrn,sarz..tivti anatomy. _ the mean
time, the anirnaTi, to which these remains belong,
have been so similar to. those now found on the
earth, amongst which these naturalists class them,
that they can with probability. be clasSed under an
equal, or a similar climate. In the earlier periods of.
our earth, a species of elephant existed in llussia,
Siberia, France, Italy, and Germany ; and another'.
species of elephant a in Siberia, Tartary, Italy, and.
particularly on the :o the ,westwar'd of the
United States. ,
The remains of the following animals have been.
found in countries where they are now only, known,
by name. In Franconia, two species -of great
bears b ; in Siberia, and in Switzerland, a fpecies
of rhinoceros c; in Siehenburgen, a species 'of hy-
ena d; in Italy, a species of a
_sea-horsee ; .in
Fratte-e: and Italy, a species of hippotamusf; in
Holland, Germany, and France, a species of cro-
codile g ; and in France, .two species of the Ame-
rican tapir h. Ffotn these circumstances, it is highly
probable that the cliwatures of the places of our
earth's surface have undergone great and various
Changes:
The same results may be drawn• from comparison
of , the petrified conchylia with their, now existing
species. In many places of England, remains,.of.
testaceous animals..have been found, which are now
only found in the East and West Indies, in the,
Chinese sea, and on the coasts of Africa is The
same conchylia are discovereed in Germany -and
France k; and • many other countries /. In Eng-

* t3th Letter to la Metherie. ..•••
Whifehurst's Inquiry, eec. 47th chap. .
The number.of perfect skeletons of tois species of ele-
phant, which have been found embedded in sevetal parts of -
Germany, amounts to more than too. Ten Lave been. found
near Canstadt, in the Duchy of ‘Virtemberg, and One has ,
been found lately near Gotha. •
a 'CuVler calls tins specaes•inammuth, which name has
also been given to the fir.ct species. •
b ,Esper, in 4iS Treatise on the Caves of Gaileoreuth, has ,
classed them among the ice bears but Kinnper and Ito-
setunuller have given' it as their opinion, that they belcmg
to a particular species of bears. Cuvier, on a mote minute
examination, classes them among two unknown species of
hears. •
• Von Beroldingen, tst. Essay, !I; 40. DissertatiOns of
the Petersburgli Academy of Sciences, vol. 17. Cuvier has
proved, in a Treatise on the Fossil,- Bones of Quadrupeds, of
which there is an extract in the bulletin des Setences" par
la Societe Philmnatique, the 6th F ructulor' No. iB, that
this rhinoceros is essentially dilierent troni the tour species
now living.
• Fichtel's Description of the Carpatheans, p. 213.
e De Luc, t4th Letter to la Metherie. .
I La Metherie Theorie de la Terre, sect. iBO.
g Near Maestrkht, and near A !Wort', in the district of
Nuremberg, Cuvier has discovered another species of Cro-
codile, 'the bones of which were dug out of the earth near
Honfleur.
b Both species are, according to Cuvier, still unknown.
The species, whose bone were found in Langueaoe,
ap-
prgaches very near, to the S4l.ttli American Tapir. The other
species, whose bones were Mund near Comnunge, and near
Vienne in Dauphine, almost equal the elephant in bulk.
I Whitehurst, p. 157, gives an exaCt list of these marine
animals, with remarks on the countries and sea, whe:e they
are now found in existence. •
k Buffon observes, that among the enormous number
Of petrified conchylia, which are found in• these countries,
the number of the exotic tar surpass. that of; the indige,
nous.

I Vide Bozza's Treatise in the Bibliotheca, Fisica cl'Eurc.
pa, torn 12, Sec. Sernestre.

~.

i.

ji

laud, the horizontal layers, which are found incum- -
bent on coal, contain, in great quantities, impres-
sions of sloped al 'dist eiited)bamboo cane, of a' spe-
cies of. East: -India eupharbia, and species of Anie.:l-
- herbs,' grasses, and grain m. -Near Moscow;
impresionsof palm branches are found on the sand'i-
hills a. IniFrance, not.forffrom Lyons, impressioni
of. Eat-India •planks are 'found.e. Even in corm-
tries w;lich are now coverdtt alrhost throughout the
whole year with ice,' and which are therefore on-
favournble in the highest 'degree to vegetation, the
most distina signs of alormenluxiftiont growth of
plants•present themselves; which is, an incontrovert-
ible proof that its climate has -undergone h total.
change.
In Greenland, for example, great horizontal layers-
of coal are found, -whence the above conclusion is.
drawn; as the :accannulation Vegetable substances
is only possible in a,warrner'clirtratc; which presup-
poses the produidion of coal.-
The hynOthesis-of a slow refrigeration of the
earth, of a geoeral, change •of- temperature by the
abatement. and' imbibing of the- eleinental heat, at•
the origin of th&solid precipitations: ,and of.the for-
rner slow increase and decrease of' the inclination of
the earth.'s axis to the, equator, 'are iriWnflicient !Of
.define. these pitenc wneno,. as the 'presoppOse an e'x-
trerriely. rapid, • strong; and frequent-change -of the
clitnatures on the surface of the -..chich does
not coincide with those causes whose etil'c-tiiire re-
gular and uniform: •
Surat causes are'not Adequate twexplain how, for
example, the bones of a species of p could be-
found in the chalk 'moo:van-is of a:Kt
a few miles distant, in tie bishopric of Eiscsthad,
the bones of a species of elephant; •11,,.w, in the hill;
of Piedmont, the teeth of
_a specic.s.
could be found, brides many prodwitioni or
warmer conntries;•-•-h0,:,, at a small.di•;;l-nee from
Verona, manY.produClions could be
.found, espy-.
cially crustaceous animals, and iish„ onw in
habit the South. Se :1, t colts' sor Brazil; and 01
Newfoundland r ;•• how in the strata
of Charmont near ro Lyons, itopres.ions or Indian
plants and Dlyporlieis of colder countries could
be found in the same time ; and, finally, how Cie- •
phants' teeth con d -be, found 01) the bonks Of the,
Arno, covered with fragments of oak, In no point,'
Is the rapidity of thejevolutions of which tiw,e.
remains are documents more visible titan
the rhinoCeros, which was found, with skin :Ind
flesh, buried in the frozen soil of the hanks of
Vilhom, a :river, which flows ,into, the' Lena.--
The frost preserved it at the Cline when lhe revolik,
Lion transported it into the northern res.-loc.-4, and'
at the same time. suddenly 'fixed tlae elitnature
those parts as-they now present themselves at th:s
day.
When treating' liuman fo,,sil.bO
- res, I he to
premise, that truth alone is my objet ; I (..I;l,:iaiaV
all intention -)f subverting the fabric on w hicu the
happiness of othcrs is toymied; I wish, rather tct
guide them to 'an impartial investigation . of.
great causes which have ied to' the present's:ate of-
the material woild, and to support that invesrtiga-
tion by faaS, not by'deduetions, a
deelare open war against those routed prejudices.,
•which obstinately rejea theadmigsion of truth, be-
cause it militates agaim—t a fav6wito, acid an ester r-.
lished opinion, altl:ough it be. ded that
truth alone that opinion ist teil
in the d&;7.ge be necessary to the Imp,pinessTof nva",..!"
far be it it from me to rob hith of that-bell4f.
am not therefore, bound to ascribe the causes 6'
phenomenh to the deluge, When I 'cat'r account
••
them in a more simple and rational manner, and at
the same time without robbing the
.tabnc of re-
ligion of a singlestone. • A system may 'be decried.
and the founder of:,it, like the Grecian sage, mar
be sent into banishment,- and shunned as a datlge'
TOM man'; but let rememher. what
says, and with his words"; I shall close
paper

" Faisus honor juvar, et menciax infamia tercet
Quern -nisi mendosum et men,d,acent."

. . .
, m Whitehurst, p. t 94, - -
n Pallas Observations sur la Formation des Montaigne4i
• p. 66. -- .
a Bufron's Demonstrations of the Theory or the Barth..,
p Vide a 'journey through a part of • Frant.ouia'and
gen; by Riartin; rj9s.
,
•q De Luc's 14th Leiter' to Metherie. 1 burin •
r 13ibliotheca.Fisica.d‘Euroc,a, tom 22, sec. Seinestre• ' -
s Rh:moires de. l' Academie des Sciences.

Thursday night, about cloven o'clock, as Joseph:
!Millingion, a Sea•faripg lad, was goiig along_ turn.
mill-street, he' was surlobuiled—fiy a nun of
men, who robbed him of his watch and threo,loi.

ti P 6,