The Sun.
London, England, 1849-03-21 00:00:00

ITALY.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Rome, Rus-
com, has published a note dated the 3d, and addressed
to all the powers. The following is a summary of

this document :
The calumnies that have been spread against the
Romish Revolution oblige the Government to contradict
them. The Italian nation, which had conceived the
most sanguine hopes of regaining its liberty in the
struggle lately commenced against Austria, found its ex-
pectations dashed by the very man who had awakened
them, and who on the 29th of April, at the very time
when the war was at its height, openly disapproved of it,
and checked the idea of nationality among the people.
From that moment began a silent, but terrible and fatal
opposition; the disasters of Lombardy being in a great
measure the consequence of the defection of
the Pope, a conviction arose that the insti-
tution of Papacy as a temporal sovereignty
was incompatible with freedom. The insurrection
of November was the consequence; the Pope whose
safety was not threatened, fled from Rome. This flight
was a second detection from the cause he had formerly
embraced; still the people patiently examined whether
a Constitutional Prince could thus leave his State; and
it was found that the constitution was but a false mask.
The people asked who had been left by the Sovereign to
govern during his absence, and only found a Small
letter, in which Pius IX. recommended the Romans to
spare the lives of his menials. Still the people
after
patient ; a governing commission was
named from Gaeta. The act was unconnssdtoiotsunttiilolntahle;
the commission refused to ;accept
Pe°Cwebra'maber, of Depu-
people did not fall into anarchy.
ties protested against the act thsaitinn'
not bearing the signature of a a
Acommmesissasgioenw, as
The people made
trates; but the message lib; eerc.l
presidentvsof the commission named by
sent to the Pope by the RigrehfuCsoedu.ncil and the magis-
a last effort.
ThelCastracani himself, sent a new lea,
sage Pope,
h t a bead, named a Junta of State, to
ihnuat without effect. The country then,
t anarchy this Junta
convoked a Constituent As-
sembly,preven that alone could supply the want of a supreme
power.
The Pope, who had tied, who had left the Go-
vrnment without a chief, r, plied to the act of convoca-
tiont: by excommunicating the Constituent Assembly.
The Constituent Assembly wasinaugurated ; 200,000 votes
had contributed to the elections. The Assembly, after
maturely considering the preceding facts, and the state
of the country, declared the downfall of the Pope and
procluitned the Republic. None of the calumniators of
this Republic can accuse it of the least reprehensible
act; it honours Italy, and is worthy of the eternal city.
Let Europe judge. As long as the Pope showed himself
the friend of Italian independence, the Roman people
stood by the Pope; but, when he deserted that cause, his
temporal sovereignty was repudiated. It is welt that
Europe may have a standard whereby to measure the des•
tiny with which the Roman lid aliic is t hreaetied ;—a
destiny which the men who guide it will meet without
clam prestuntion 94 fear) With the dignity Of pan who