The Sun.
London, England, 1836-10-13 00:00:00

RUSSIAN ACGUESSION.

portance than the whole empire she had in Europe before
that time. These are facts which rest on no doubtful evi-
dence, yet they are such as may welt startle every thinking
man who has not previously reflected upon them ; and such
as no one who desires to reason on the present state of
Europe or Asia ought to disregard."
Every portion of these vast acquisitions, except perhaps
that in Tartary, has been obtained in opposition to the
views, the wishes, and the interests of England. The dis-
memberment of Sweden, the partition of Poland, the con-
quest of the Turkish provinces, and of those dissevered
from Persia, have all been injurious to British interests ;
and though some of them have found favour for a time, and
for a price given at Vienna and Berlin, even the kingdoms
that have shared her spoliations can now regard them with
no other feeling than alarm."
" The power and resources of Russia lie in the countries
to the west of the Volga, not in the wilds of Siberia ; and
her empire in Europe has been nearly doubled in little more
than half a century. In 64 years she has advanced her
frontier 850 miles towards Vienna, Berlin, Dresden, Mu-
nich, and Paris ; she has approached 450 miles nearer to
Constantinople ; she has possessed herself of the capital of
Poland, and has advanced within a few miles of the capi-
tal of Sweden, from which, when Peter I. mounted the
throne, her frontier was distant 300 miles. Since that
time she has stretched herself forward about 1,000 miles
towards India, and the same distance towards the capital
of Persia. The regiment that is now stationed at her
furthest frontiers on the: western shore of the Caspian has
as great a distance to march back to Moscow as onward to
attack on the Indus, and is actually further from St. Peters-
burgh than from Lahore, the capital of the Seiks. The bat-
talions of the Russian Imperial Guard that invaded Persia
found at the termination of the war they were as near to Herat
as to the banks of the Don ; that they had already accom-
plished half the distance from their capital to Delhi ; and that
therefore, from their camp in Persia, they had as great a dis-
tance to march back to St. Petersburgh as onward to the capi-
tal of Hindostan. Meanwhile, the Moscow Gazette
threatens to dictate at Calcutta the next peace with Eng-
land, and Russia never ceases to urge the Persian Govern-
ment to accept from it, free of all cost, officers to discipline
its troops, and arms and artillery for its soldiers, at the same
time that her own battalions are ready to march into Persia
whenever the Schah, to whom their services are freely
offered, can be induced to require their assistance.
" Greece is taught to believe that its tranquillity can he
assured only when it shall be a Russian province ; Prussia
purchases forbearance by acquiescence in the views, and
even the caprices, of the Emperor ; hostile restrictions are
directed against the commerce of England, and her empire
in the East is only threatened with attack. In the wilds
of Tartary, on the East, and on the West of the Caspian,
on the North, and on the South of the Black Sea, in the
centre of Europe, on the Baltic—everywhere we find her a
successful and persevering aggressor. With a larger extent
of territory than ever before was subject to one Crown, she
thirsts insatiably for more, and studiously directs all her
energies, not to the means of improvement, but to further
acquisitien.
" if we find that a Government has for more than a cen-
tury steadily pursued an important object through many
successive reigns, and has sacrificed about a million of its
subjects, and an enormous amount of money in efforts to
attain that object—if year after year we find it renewing
these efforts and accumulating means to effect its purpose
—if we find it steadily advancing towards 'the same end,
and resorting to the same means, it is impossible to doubt
that it continues to entertain the same views ; and if it dis-
avows them, it should show by acts, and not by words
only, that its policy is changed. Such is the position of
Russia in relation to all her neighbours—such are her views
and her objects."
I know not who the author of this work may be, perhaps
the same individuals who published in 1834 a similar pro-
duction entitled England, France, Russia, and Turkey,
and which attracted at the time great and deserved atten-
tion ; but, be that as it may, he brings before us a plain,
unvarnished statement of facts ; the deduction from which
is plain to the dullest comprehension, and not a little
startling to every thinking Englishman interested (and who
amongst us is not ?) for the honour and prosperity of this
glorious country. Such men as Mr. Joseph Hume, indeed
may consider the loss of our richest colonies, or even the
national hoaour itself, a matter of minor consideration,
when compared with the saving of a few pounds. But
these are not Englishmen.—l am, Sir,
J. C. W.

(From the Times.)
As the onward march of Russia to a military supre-
macy over both Europe and Asia has at each of its
successive stages called forth from all surrounding
countries expressions of displeasure and surprise, it
may be wondered at why such frequent symptoms of
anger should have confined themselves to mere words,
and why so many powerful Governments and warlike
nations as form the great commonwealth of Europe
should never have resorted to more effectual means of
administering some check to the encroachments of a
public offender.
The cause may be in part the skill and dissimula-
tion of Russia in preparing the success of her schemes
before she attempts their execution ; partly her having
inspired into the military States most contiguous to her
own frontier the delusive sense of something like a
common interest with herself in the perpetuity of that
gigantic wrong which she had originally seduced them
to perpetrate against the Polish race—a wrong from
which Russia has contrived to draw an hundred times
the advantages that have accrued to either of her
guilty colleagues ; partly the distance between the
scenes of her political aggressions and the great foci of
opinion in the west of Europe—viz., the French and
British capitals ; but lastly and chiefly the artifice, at
once audacious and insidious, which she has of late
years played off against the credulity of the continen-
tal Governments, in persuading them, first, that their
just and only object of alarm was the infectious prin-
ciple of revolutionary democracy throughout Europe ;
second, that it was a principle to be efficaciously or
prudently repressed by general combinations of all Ca-
binets against the popular movements of each separate
country. The purpose of Russia in fixing almost ex-
clusively the attention of other Governments upon this
phantom of her own upraising has been pointedly de-
nounced on more than one occasion by political writers
both in France and in this country, but unaccountably,
disregarded by those—to wit, the Governments—by
whom it was of most importance that it should have
been watched and frustrated.
The result is, that Russia has hitherto accomplished
every aggressive design which she undertook through
the application of military power, and has, by a sys-
tematic and subtle diplomacy, so far advanced towards
the completion of her remaining plans, as to leave but
a small arid easy portion of them to be finished by a
recourse to arms.
Still, however, the question is not satisfactorily an-
swered, why no serious effort has yet been made to meet
the adverse march of Russia by a vigorous develope-
ment in the west of Europe, either of national opinion
or of physical power ?
There is sometimes a fashion in these things.
Phrases, vague though imposing, are employed by
persons who exercise some influence npon other minds,
and possess a sort of following in the minor political
world or in society. These phrases, again, arc often
paid. for—paid for by those who have a direct interest
in their circulation, such as foreign Governments, who
pension a certain class of writers to betray the security
and honour of their native country ; and here let us
affirm, in earnest.language, that we mean no insinuation
disparaging or disrcspectful to the daily press of Eng-
land, where, we trust, it would be difficult, if not im-
possible, to find a puMic journal base enough to sell
its country for Russian gold. But there are other ve-
hicles of fraud and falsehood beside newspapers. We
have heard speeches made, we must not say where, only
to be explained on grounds indicative of the most cor-
rupt subserviency in the speakers to views which were
not English.
It is at the same time certain that
of
or
stupidity, or the temporary purpose ot an inefficient
Minister, may set going a notion about a foreign State,
which creeps into use and affects opinion, through the
growth of mere laziness, and habitual repugna:lee to
investigate the truth, because of the trouble which it
costs us.
The pet fallacy respecting Russia, whieh appears
to have ripened into a maxim with many people, and
to be encouraged by others for sinister ends, is, that
". she is intrinsically an unwieldy and feeble Power,
and that she suggests no reasonable subject of alarm."
The maxim is not of yesterday. It is not of Lord
Palmerston's invention, although it may have some-
times helped him out of a scrape. Nor was it invented
by the Whigs of Mr. Fox's time, when, with the per-
fidy of a recreant faction, they actually sent a secret
negotiator to St. Petersburgh to counteract the patrio-
tic efforts of Mr. Pitt, who would have deterred th
wicked Catherine from seizing Oczakow from Turkey.
But still it is a common-place expression, which long
use has countenanced—a course of apparent apathy
with regard to Russia, assumed by Ministers who held
her in real terror. The cry that there was " nothing
to fear fi.om Russia," has been taken such advantage
of by that dexterous Power, that under the shade of
it she has moved from one point of aggrandizement
to another, until at last there is every thing to fear from
her. It is from this same pusillanimous assumption
of indifference in other States that Russia has progres-
sively got on to be almost careless whether we dread
or disregard her. We have been so long satisfied with
crying " who's afraid ?" that she has at length taught
the stoutest of us to tremble for the result of her forth-
coming enterprises.
A series of publications, all exhibiting more or less
of the artful plots and formidable means of Russia,
have been submitted to the people of England within
the last two or three years. They all deserve conside-
ration, and would have received a good deal more, had
not the anxieties of all men in this coui;txv been so
engaged by questions affecting the existence of our
own institutions as to leave the Russian Aut(Zrat
almost an open field for the unmolested prosecution of
his most unwarrantable projects. A letter in this day's
Times, signed "J. C. W.," refers to a pamphlet,
entitled Progress of Russia in the East, to which we
invite the serious notice of our readers ; and if he be
not afraid to look a pressing danger in the face, the
attention of Lord Palmerston is yet more peremptorily
called to it. As for Lord Durham, we really fear that
he is, as he has before been, too much overpowered by
the hollow flatteries of the Czar to leave his natural
good sense and love of country room to act with
freedom. We shall soon return to this subject, of
which we warn all sound Englishmen not to lose sight.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

Sir,—Allow me to draw the attention of your numerous
readers to a pamphlet recently published by Murray, entitled
" Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East," in
which her career of aggression is historically traced, from
the first establishment of a lino of posts from the Volga to
the Don, by Peter the Great, down to the treaty of Hoon-
kiar 'Skelessy ; which has transferrtA to the most ambitious
and unprincipled Power in Europe the right to shut the
Dardanelles and Bosphorus against the ships of war of every
other nation ; enabled her totally to exclude them from the
commerce of the Black Sea ; and then, in the event of a
war with any of the maritime Powers, reducing Turkey to
the condition of a frontier fortress, for the protection of her
fleet at Sevastopol.

The great mass of people in England are accustomed to
think but lightly of the acquisitions of Russia in the East,
and fancy that she is merely engaged in reducirr, to a state
of comparative civilization a few wandering hordes of plun-
dering Tartars ; and that, whatever ext ent of territory she
may nominally acquire, it is but a trifling consideration com-
pared with the benefit thereby conferred on the neighbour-
in.. nations. This is a fatal error. Let such read and ponder
well' on the following extracts from the auilior's Concluding
observations :
" A reference to the map attached to the pan;phlet will
show that Russia has advanced her frontier in every jiree-
tion ; and even the Caspian Sea, which appeared to pr.."'
sent an impediment to her progress, she has turned to ad-
vantage by appropriating it to herself. It will be seen
that the plains of Tartary have excited her cupidity, while
the civilized States of Europe and Asia have been dismem-
bered to augment her dominions. Not content with this,
she has crossed into America, and there disputes, in direct
violation of her engagements to England, the right of our
merchants to navigate the rivers that debouche on its
western coast. It will be seen that the acquisitions sho has
made from Sweden are greater than what remains of that
.ancient kingdom ; that her acquisitions from Poland are as
large as the whole Austrian empire ; that the territory
she has wrested from Turkey in Europe is equal to the
dominions of Prussia, exclusive of her Rhenish provinces ;
and that her acquisitions from Turkey in Asia arc equal in
extent to all the smaller states of Germany, the Rhenish
provinces of Prussia, Belgium, and Holland, taken toge-
ther; that the country she has conquered from Persia is about
,the size of England ; and that her acquisitions in Tartary
have an area equal to Turkey in Europe, Greece, Italy,
a ad Spain ; and that the territory she has acquired within
the last 64 years (since 1772) is greater in extent and im-

The idea of " The Desultory Man " is original, and
boldly worked out by Mr. James, who has ingeniously
1, oven into his main storF a series of episodes, embracing the
lights and shades of existence, with talent worthy of Boc-
caccio, by the side of whose admirable stories those introduced
in this novel would not be inaptly placed.
CLOSE OF THE INDIGO SALES.—The Quarterly
Sales of Indigo, which commenced on the sth inst., termi-
nated this day. 7,104 chests were brought forward, 994
of which had been up at former sales, and either bought in
or withdrawn ; and the remainder, chiefly of the last year's
crop. The qualities of the Bengal were chiefly good and
good middling, with a fair proportion of fine, aid but little
ordinary ; the Madras, chiefly middling and ordinary ; and
the Kurpah and Bimlapatam, ordinary and very ordinary.
The sales commenced heavily, and continued to the close
without animation on the part of the buyers, who seemed
unwilling to purchase, excepting at reduced rates ; on the
other hand, the proprietors seemed unwilling to give way,
and bought in a very large proportion at prices full as high
as the July sales.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, OCT. 11.—
There is but a moderate business doing in the Cotton
Market to-day—the sales being about 1,200 bags. No
change in prices.
The Michaelmas Quarter Sessions throughout the
kingdom commence on Monday next, and the annual revi-
sion of voters in the course of the same week.
THE PRINCE OF CANINO'S MENIOIRS.—We
are requested to state that the Memoirs of Prince Lucien
Buonaparte, written by Himself, are now ready, editions in
French and English, and may be had of the Publishers,
Messrs. Saunders and Otley, Conduit-street, of their Agents
in Dublin and Edinburgh, and of the Booksellers through-
out the kingdom.
A forgery of the notes of the old Jersey Bank has
lately been discovered ; and two Frenchmen charged with
the offence have been committed for trial.
Waterloo-bridge is the nightly resort of some of the
most abandoned women of the vicinity, who insult pas-
sengers with every species of obscenity. It has long been
impossible for any respectable female to pass over after
ciok seithout insult. The pollee should exert themselves
,
to remove LPs nuisance.
The Essex 'ounty balls are in futere to be under
the control and maNigement of ladies, two beiwg appointed
stewardesses for each. This plan has been adopted :n con-
sequence of the patronage of the " Lords of the Creation"
not having proved as successful as necessary.
We understand that there is a very considerable
quantity of English oak timber waiting at this port to be
forwarded to Sunderland, and that this is generally the case.
The freight offered to take it there is 16s. per ton. Now
this is a strong proof that in the most important article re-
quired in the construction of vessels we have a great advan-
tage over the first place in England for shipbuilding. We
are not aware that Sunderland has any advantage over
Hull to compensate for this disadvantage. Can our ship-
wrights point out any? The subject deserves enquiry, in-
volving as it does the interests of a large body of our indus-
trious townsmen.—Hull Saturday Journal.
A LADY'S STUD.—The present complement of
the stud belonging to the Russian Countess Orloff
Tshesmensky is thirteen hundred and twenty Arab, Eng-
lish, and other racers ; the grounds attached to it amount
to a thousand and eighty acres, and the number of grooms
and labourers employed in it are four thousand three
hundred and thirty-nine. The sum realised by the sale
of horses is of considerable annual amount, and they arc
sold not only on the spot itself, but in the regular mar-
kets both at St. Petersburg and Moscow. It lies near
Broboto, in the province of Walonese, on one of the
Countess's estates, called Chricooro, and was set on foot
by her father in 1778.
We understand that a commission of inquiry will
issue into the laws and customs of the Stannaries in the
county of Cornwall, and that Davies Gilbert, Francis
Francis Barlow, and John Basset, Esc's., are to be nomi-
nated commissioners. It will be recollected that the Bill
brought in on this subject at the close of the last session
occasioned some opposition. Lord Lyndhurst in particular
described it in strong terms as an attack on the purity
and independence of the Bench, whereas the immediate
object it had in view was to prevent the office of Vice.
W,,:_rden being made a political one, and raised to a sta-
tion u, a level with the Judges of the land.
Last e;teek, while Lady Willoughby de Eresby was
proceeding t;;ein Drummond Castle to Crieff, in her car-
riage, she recot;_ised three soldiers of the 92d regiment,
apparently much fatied and proceeding a short distance
before her towards.tbe town. On approaching them, her
Ladyship caused th 3 carriage; to be stopped, and kindly in-
quired of the soldiers to what regiment they belonged, how
far they had travelled that 'lay, wharp they were going,
&e., and on receiving satisfactory ens:.' L's t.e 4 4 )er ques-
tions, her Ladyship was pleased to order their; !f.' co ,t 0 P4e
principal inn in the town, and call for their supper
a hearty bowl of toddy. The soldiers, after returning their
grateful acknowledgments to her Ladyship for her kind-
ness, proceeded accordingly to Mr.. it inn, where
they soon learned that her Ladyship had been before them,
and that nothing more was requisite but to sit down to an
excellent and substantial supper, coupled with a flowing
bowl of whisky punch.—Edinburgh Paper.—[How easy it
is for the rich to do good, and make themselves beloved.]

THE SUN, LONDON.:VIIURSDAI OCTORER 13, 1536.

one would be justified in hoping that this deplorable war
will speedily be terminated.

The elections for Deputies to the Cortes have termi-
nated for this province. The same respectable individuals
have been returned as at the last election, viz., Senor Zu-
rnalacarreguy (brother to the late Carlist chief, but quite
opposite to him in politics and principle) and Senor Fer-
rer ; the latter, it will be recollected, was offered the Mi-
nistry of Finance after the proclamation of the Constitu-
tion, but declined. He is expected here on his way from
France to Madrid ; he is a man of talent and influence.
BAYONNE, OCT. 7.—Senor Llanos, of the Spanish Com-
missariat, arrived here this morning from San Sebastian.
The object of his visit was to get cash for the drafts drawn
on account of the Legion on the Madrid house of O'Shea,
in pursuance of the arrangement recently entered into with
the Government by Colonel de Lancey. lam sorry to say
he has completely failed. Let it not, however, from this be
conceived that the credit of the house of Shea is doubted,
or that the good faith of the engagement under which the
bills have been drawn is questioned. The fact is simply
this :—There are now lying in the hands of one of the first
houses in this city dishonoured bills on the Spanish Govern-
ment. Until these are taken up, it is determined by the
merchants here not to lend themselves to the Government
in any way. Of this resolution Signor Mendizabal was fully
apprised, and it is singular no arrangements had been made
to obviate the difficulty. This is the sole reason, I can
assure you, that the drafts have been refused, and, if once
removed, there will be no lack of money to be experienced.
My information is derived from the principal of one of the
first houses here, who assured me that on the old accounts
being settled, Bayonne will cash drafts to any amount, on
whatever house in Madrid the Government may select as
agents.