The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-16 00:00:00

RUSSIA AND POLAND.

The German Courier of Stuttgard contains a long reply to
the letter from Odessa, dated September 10, which we (the
Allgemeine Zeituny) lately inserted. We will make only the
following extract. The letter from Odessa said, "If it were
the purpose of Russia in any way to abuse its power, it would
have done so long ago. Impregnable in its own territory,
commanding the most energetic people in the world, meeting
with sympathy wherever the Sclavonian language and Sclavo-
nian manners prevail, Russia might long since have broken
through the barriers of Europe, and dictated its will as law."
The Stuttgard journal replies, " What inhabitants of a Euro-
pean State, what German, can read this without profound
indignation? Russia could break through the barrier of
Europe I that is Prussia, and above all Austria, whenever it
thought proper, and dictate to all Europe its will as law 1 If
this were true, the English press would be in the right, and
all Europe ought to unite against the impending danger.
But let us make ourselves easy. Go-to Galicia, to Hungary,
to Poland, and ask what sympathy will Russia excite there ?
But with respect to the facility with which Russia could break
through the barrier of civilized Europe, it will suffice (sup-
pressing all patriotic self-confidence) to call to mind the naked
fact that Russia was obliged to make two campaigns against
the Porte (which was,inuch weaker than it now is), and suc-
ceeded only by a very hazardous manoeuvre in concluding a
victorious peace,;" that it had likewise to make two campaigns
against 2.04000 Poles, which cost it its finest troops; and
that in the end Warsaw fell more by gold than by steel ; that
even now, after a conflict of many years, it is not able to bring
under subjection a handful of Circassians, with all its ener-
getic hardy people • lastly, that it never, at any time,
sent an army of above 150,000 men beyond its fron-
tiers ; and, in the actual state of Poland, and of the
former Polish provinces, is now far less able to do so. On
the other hand, let us look at Prussia, with its admirably
organised military force, which may bring 300,000 men into
the field ; still more Austria, that great and not duly-appre-
ciated power, which can draw from its territories half a million
of the finest troops, without the slightest apprehension of in-
ternal commotions ; and so we have the satisfactory assurance,
that either of these two powers is strong enough not only to
servo as a barrier tc Europe, but to oppose all possible plans
of conquest and notions of preponderance in Europe, with a
force which would speedily and for ever dispel the numbers of
traditional power. With respect to England, Cronstadt,
Odessa, Sebastopol, are not out of the reach of the British
fleets, and our tacticians have long since known the place
where Russia is vulnerable on the land side. But let us ex-
ienrttraiignul ye
ex-
amine one phrase of the demi Manifesto.—[lt was merely a
says
satthe
eleottdere.s—saNloetteteor,f AilietgeismeninbetZbeyit ung]
4 C
diplomatic
not by false conflicting hopes, which Russia (as its adversa-
ries falsely suppose) knows how to excite and keep alive_
that it (Russia) sees its wishes for the most part approved in
Germany—that France courts its friendship—that Persia
places itself under its protection, and that even Mehemet Ali
looks up to it and expects only from St. Petersburgh order,
tranquillity, and an equitable decision of the pending ques-
tions." This is the solution of the enigma.
ODESSA, SEPT. 23.—The armaments continue here with-
out intermission. A few days ago there was a grand review
of the corps assembled at Wosnesensk. A great number of
men-of-war of all sizes are gone to the Maslen coast in
order to make the blockade as strict as possible. The corps
of troops which have successively arrived in the extensive
southern part of the Empire from the Pruth to the north
of the Caspian are slowly moving towards the extreme
frontier.

We are here in the most anxious expectation of the result
of all the existing embarrassing relations. Russia has been
overreached at Constantinople by England. Baron Ruck-
mann, who has acted as Charge d'Affaires during Butenieff's
absence, seems to have had no presentiment of the approach-
ing storm, or at least not to have been capable of neutralizing
its effects. 'We have been for a moment baffled by the di-
plomatic intrigues of England ; it will very shortly be seen
whether General Butenieff will be able to regain the position
which Baron Ruckmann has been forced to give up."—All-
gemeine Zeitung, Oct. 10.

MR. SHARMAN CRAWFORD AND

THE IRISH CHURCH QUESTION.

In pursuance of the design announced in his former letter,
which it will be recollected professedly contained " Observa-
tions on the present position of the cause of Religious Liberty,
respectfully addressed to all the real friends of that cause,"
Mr. Crawford has now published his second letter. In this,
his last letter, the writer expresses his desire to develope " the
dangers which may be apprehended to result from the present
position of, the Irish Church question." After dwelling on
the new Tithe Act, and stating his own views regarding the
present position of the cause of Religious Liberty in Ireland,
Mr. Crawford proceeds to ask the friends of Religious
freedom in Britain, whether that unfavourable position will not
react against themselvos. " They are struggling (we quote
Mr. C raivlorr3d'lsa
tleeityt letter),
naegdai
in
t Irelanddon in asnttrencgutuhrecnh es
cause
. Will
not the v
of Church monopoly in Britain ? If the Irish Catholic Clergy
the
should be pensioned, will the pensioning system be limited to
that country ? Will it not spread its corrupting influence over
British soil ? Then, I would say to the Voluntaries of Eng-
land and Scotland—the cause of Civil and Religious Liberty
in Ireland is your cause ; and to the Voluntaries of Ireland__
the cause of Religious Liberty in Britain, is your cause. It
is a common cause, which can only be carried by a common
effort."

Mr. Crawford then proceeds to propose that " the united
force of the friends of religious liberty, in both countries,
should be directed to the object of a new and just appropria-
tion of tithe rent-charge, now levied for the uses of the Esta-
blished Church in Ireland, England, or Scotland."
" I would propose," continues Mr. Crawford, " that the
appropriation to be contended for should be based on the fol-
lowing principle, as expressed in the words of the resolu-
tion moved by me, and agreed to by the National Associa-
tion of Ireland, in the month of November, 1836 (but, in a
few weeks after, virtually upset, by a resolution of support
to the measures of the Administration). The resolution was
in these words Resolved—That it is incompatible with
the principles of religious liberty, that any man should be
compelled to pay for the ordinances of a Church with which
he is not joined in communion.'"
" I would propose, that an Association should be formed,
pledged to seek an appropriation founded on the foregoing
principle, but open to the consideration and adoption of
whatever system of application would unite the greatest
body of support, consistently with that principle.
" I would propose, that if such an Association should be
formed in Ulster, a Committee of Correspondence should be
appointed to communicate with the friends of religious free-
dom in other parts of Ireland, and in England and Scot-
land ; and to endeavour to establish a joint principle of action,
and a communication with Members of Parliament friendly
to the cause."

Mr. Crawford's letter concludes with the expression of a
hope "to see a principle of national education established,
which wou d combine all sects in a common system." " I
must confess" (he adds) "that, from the e-aillict of sectarian
contention, my hopes are faint that this desirable object is
practicable, under the existing circumstances of Ireland.
think it will, in the end, be found necessary to supply the
different religious communities with the means of educating
each their own people, and the appropriation I have suggested
above would facilitate such an arrangement."
It may be incidentally stated that the letter we have above
cursorily described, bears no evidence whatever of diminished
hostility to Slr. O'Connell or his policy. In the course of
his observations Mr. Crawford l:rites—" But it will be said
O'Connell has objected on former occasions to such proposi-
tions as these; he has declared his own dissent, and the dis-
sent of the Catholic people of Ireland from such propositions.
I ask, what signifies any declaration he. has ever made—any
principle he has ever supported--any pledge of conduct he has
ever offered, either as to political or religious freedoir!? Have
they not all been violated ? lam entitled to put this ques-
tion, having on so many occasions exposed these violations.
There are two pretences under which every violation_ has beeni
covered—the instalment pretext, and the pretext of Fep g
the Whigs in, and the Tories out. These are the apologies,
and will be the apologies for all delinquencies.

On Thursday a batch of strolling players erected a
large booth on the May-day Green,
l,for the purpose
---
of acting comedies for the amusement of the country lads
and lasses ; but lo 1 in the midst of their performances, a tre-
mendous gust of wind blew the whole of their crazy fabric
down upon the audience, about 150 in number. Shrieks and
loud bursts of laughter followed the event, as the auditors
rolled about beneath the weight of the canvass and boards.
Ladies' bonnets, hats, coats, and gowns were made shapeless,
a
Fortunately laughable and n
o damage ludicrous
m moment
couldmnt
wasscardcoenley
andbt:
imagined.
life or limb. —Leeds Intellijencer.
1
When the bridge at Bordeaux was built Napoleon,
sufficiently
insisted that the arches should beexpansive to
o
admit of a frigate passing through them
without her masts.
The soundness and utility of this
idea has just been proved.
The Callan, 46 gun frigate, launched a Lw days ago,
has
been taken through thebridge,
without the slightest accident.