The Sun.
London, England, 1838-01-04 00:00:00

LOUIS PHILIPPE'S PENINSULAIt POLISH ADDRESS TO THE CHAM-,
POLICY. BER OF DEPUTIES
•

MMsalD, DEC, 24.—Calatrava has addressed a long and
able letter to the editor of the Eco, in reply to the misrepre-
sentations of Martinez de It Rosa, in his late speeches on the
Treatt of the Quadruple Alliance. The reply is in the best
and chard:4o'lWe manner of Calatrava—temperate, matter-
of-fact, and conclusfl As all eyes are again turned towards
the Pyrenees, which you alai .4' AV lase the Moslerados have once
ntare m "1 Spain, the letterade parturient with the saiva:l
has naturally attracted much attention. Be;'::',c mush too long,
even for your ample columns, I shall merely give the principal
facts and opinions contained in it.
Replying to the equivocation of Martinez de la Rosa,
that it was not so much the revolution of La Granja
as
the events which preceded it in the provinces, that pre-
vented France from sending troops into Spain, Calatrava
writes :—" So far," he says, " from the demonstrations in
the provinces, previous to the revolution of the 13th of
August, having dissuaded France from sending troops into
Spain, these demonstrations really induced that power to
increase the nuinher of forces arranged with the Spanish
Ambassador, and destined for that service, from 6,000 to
10,000 men, with 300 cavalry and two batteries of artillery ;
France undertaking to pay the expenses of the whole arma-
ment." In proof of this statement, Calatrava cited the speech
of M. Mold on the 14th of January in the Chamber of Depu-
ties, in which he remarked that the French Government sent
Bois le- Comte to Madrid in the beginning of August, wth
instructions to propose an extensive intervention at the moment
when Isturiz was struggling with less hope than j,erhaps courage
and decision. The speech of M. de Passi, another member of
the French ministry, on the same subject, on the 16th of the
same month, is also brought to bear on the point by Calatrava.
M. de Passi observes, `• We are forced on by events. We
were well aware that a storm was collecting over the Peninsula,
and that in order to prevent its bursting it was necessary to
make a demonstration which would give strength to the
Administration of Isturiz." From these declarations of the
French ministers themselves, Calatrava concludes that the
movements in the Spanish provinces in July and the beginning
of August could not have been the cause of France not having
taken an active part in the affairs of the country.
Continuing the same line of argument, he next conies to
consider what were the true causes of France not sending the
troops prepared into Spain about this time. " The real, the
only, the well-known cause," says Calatrava, " of the dissolu-
tion of the legions at Pau was, that all the members of the
French Cabinet were never agreed among themselves with
respect to an armed intervention, and that Louis Philippe at
no time agreed with the majority of his Ministers on the sub-
ject." upon this point Calatrava refers to the declarations
of Thiers after his resignation in consequence of his disagree-
ment with Louis Philippe on the question of Spanish affairs,
and intimates that Thiers would have stated more had he not
been bound to silence on matters which took place in the
Council during his Administration, but that he, Calatrava, not
being bound by similar obligations, would proceed on the
best authority to state that Louis Philippe never seriously in-
tended to grant an efficient co-operation to Spain. " From
facts," he continues, " which have come to my knowledge
and upon which I can depend, I am enabled to assert that
after the question of increasing the number of French
troops destined for the service of Spain had been dis-
cussed by Louis Philippe, and his first Minister, M.
Thiess, who, in consequence of these discussions, was
induced to tender his resignation, Louis Philippe resolved on
the night of the 12th of August to resist the proposals of his
Ministers, having learned through the complaints of the agent
or agents of the northern powers that it was intended to in-
crease the French auxiliaries from six to ten thousand men,
and that France was to take upon itself the expense of this ex-
peditionary force. Thiers, observing the determination of
the King, insisted on resigning. After spending four days
in endeavouring to reconcile Thiess to his opinions, the King
fixed on the 17th for accepting the resignation of the Minis-
ter—the day on which the telegraphic account of the events
of La Granja on the 13th, reached Paris. The receipt of this
intelligence prolonged the existence of the Ministry for four days
more, :Louis Philippe waiting to see what course the affaiis
of Spain might take before he dismissed the Cabinet,
or dissolved the auxiliary legions of Pau." The conclusion
drawn by the writer from these facts is the veryseverse of that
stated by Martinez de la Rosa, who is now universally acknow-
ledged to be in error in asserting that the movements in Spain
prevented the entry of an armed force into this country.
Equally under the Constitution," remarks Calatrava, " as
under the Estatuto—equally under every administration which
existed amongst us, the constant and decided resolution of
Louis Phillipe was not to send French troops into the Pe-
ninsula under any form or denomination, or to assist us with
pecuniary means." The remainder of the letter is devoted to
the consideration, chiefly, of the seventh article of the treaty
of the Quadruple Alliance.—lllorning Chronicle.

The Poles residing in Paris have prepared their-A:irate •
petition to the Chamber of Deputies, in which they recklitu..-;%;--,:;
_do
late the spoliatiuns, the persecutions, and iniquities of •Nii•-•„.„
kinds, perpetrated on th-ra in the course of 1837, by " the""Ztiti
cruel and savage oppressor of their country," " in violation of
a solemn treaty, guaranteed by England and France." From
the facts theo adduce in support of their appeal, it is evident
that the Czar has undertaken the task of effacing even the last
vestiges of Polish nationality, in utter disregard of the obliga-
tions of that treaty. " Thus (say the petitioners) have the
Universities of Warsaw and Wilna, and the Lyceum of Kize-
mieniec, altogether disappeared ; public and private libraries
have been seized and tra,.sferred to St. Petersburgh ;the
Russian language substituted in a great degree for the Polish
language ; the former s;atutc,, of Lithuania abolished ; Roman
Catholic churches converted into Grecian basilicks, and other
serious attempts directed against the national creed; an im-
mense quantity of private property confiscatz,d, and thousands
of other acts, having for their object the subvei-sion of Polish
nationality," which it would be tedious to recapitulate. " There,
are, however, some which Europe refuseti to credit until
borne out by authentic acts. Such were, for instance, the
carrying off of children, ordered by the Imperial ukase of the
24th orMay, 1832 ; the transplanting of 30,000 Polish fami-
lies to the line of the Caucasus, in virtue of a rescript of the
Russian Ministry of Finance, dated November 9, 1832, No.
&c."
" An ukase of the 7th of March, 1837, suppressed the na-
tional division of the kingdom of Poland into palatinaets or
wajvodes, established from time immemorial, which had been
adopted by the Constiintion of 1815, and preserved, even
after the late revolution in the organic statute of 1832.
Whoever has followed the progress of Russian encroachments
must know that the suppression of the name is soon followed
by that of the thing itself, and that the adoption for the
kingdom of Poland of the Russim; territorial division is
tantamount to its definitive incorporation with the Russian

empire.
" The occupation of the city of Cracow is another flagrant
violation of the Treaty of Vienna, which declart3 it, and the
territory around it, free, independent, and strictly neu-
tral,' and required (Art. 9), that no armed force, under
whatever pretext it might be, should be marched into the ter-
ritory of the Republic.' The memorialists state that riot only
does that occupation still continue, but that a new decision
of the protecting Powers,' dated the 9th of Septem-
ber, 1837, abolishes the principal guarantees of the Con-
stitution of that Republic—a Constitution which, agree-
ably to the 10th article of the Act of the Congress of
Vienna, was to have the same force and value as if it
avers textually inserted in thst Act.' Thus have the invaders
of that State, contrary to the Articles 4,5, 8, and 10 of the
same Constitution, decreed that its Government should no
longer exclusively reside in the Senate, composed hereafter of
eight instead of thirteen Members, but should be exercised by
that body, in concert with the residents of the three Powers,
who shall have the right of suspending its decisions, and shall
concur in the appointment of the principal functionaries of
the State. The election of Senators, in order to be valid,
must be approved by the residents ; the Senate may prorogue
the Representative Assembly fur six months, and dissolve it
and convoke another, always with the concurre:ace of the re-
sidents, who have arrogated to themselves the exorbitant'
right of sitting as Judges of the differences that may arise, in
financial matters, between the Senate and the Assembly of
Representatives.
" The Catholic religion, professed by the immense majo-
rity of the people, is the object of the incessant persecution,
with a view," say the petitioners, "to substitute the Russo-
Greek creed in its stead." "It was evidently with that in-
tention," say they, " that the two Ukases of the 13th and 15th
of January, 1337, were issued, the former placing the
affairs of the united Greek religionists under the direc-
tion of the Russian f..gcnod, and the other enacting that
the inhabitants of the Western ( Polish) provinces, not mem-
bers of the Greek church, should be held to serve during five
years in the Government of Great Russia, previously to their
being admitted into the Ministries and Central Administra-
tions. In the kingdom of Poland, where the 11th article of
the Constitution of 1815. as well as the sth article of the Or-
ganic Statute, secure a special prosection to the Roman Ca-
tholic Church, an ukase has been published respecting mar-
riages, which requires that the children born of mixed
unions be brought up in the Greek religion ( Art. 200), and
that the Catholic spouse should sign a written obligation to
that effect (Art. 201.)
"The language,tlsat other living symbol of Polish nationality,
shares in the same reprobation. A late ukase provides that,
after 1840, every public functionary must know the Russian
language, and that, previous to that period, the candidate for
office acquainted therewith shall obtain the preference. The
bulletins of the laws have been published since 1832 in Russian
and Polish, and by a decision of 1837 the same mode of publi-
cation is prescribed for the Warsaw official journal.
" The confiscation of Polish property still continued, in
1837, although the 159th article of the Constitution of 1 815
expressly stipulates that confiscation is abolished, and shall
not, under any circumstances, be re-established.' "
The memorialists then show that the recruiting, in the
course of last year, Lad been carried to an extent which
nearly surpassed belief. It amounted, in fact, to a complete
system of depopulation, executed on a vast scale, and as
most of the recruits were conveyed to the line of the Cau-
casus, it might be held in the light of a real transportation
en maw, although the 25th article of the Constitution of
1815 stipulates, even in reference to a convict, " that he shall
undergo his penalty in the kingdom, out of which lie is not to
be transported."
" Now," observe the petitioners—" Now we have pointed
out those new acts of cruelty, and those new violations of
treaties to which France was a party, can we doubt for an in-
stant that our cause will meet with the same sympathies and
be rendered the same justice, by a new Chamber, which
we are sure will not deviate from the line followed by its
predecessors? The grievances of Poland, increasing with
its misfortunes, will, we trust, call forth a still more energetic
manifestation of sympathy from the noble representatives of
the French nation."

SHOCKING CASE OF PARRICIDE.

The neighbourhood of Wing, near Leighton Buzzard,
Buckinghamshire, has been thrown into a state of great ex-
citement within the last few days, by a dreadful murder com-
mitted upon a wealthy farmer named Adams, under such
circumstances as to fix the guilt upon his own son, a lad
eighteen years of age. The following are the particulars of
the melancholy affair :—lt would appear that the unfortunate
deceased had been living on very bad terms with his youngest
son, the accused party, for a long time ; and he had been fre-.
quently heard to declare that his son would no more mind shoot-
ing him than he would a dog. On Thursday, the day of the
murder, the deceased and his son had made an arrangement to
go to a cowshed upon the farm, for the purpose of dressing
some sheep that were affected with the rot They were proved
to have been in the cow-shed together, and about the same
time the report of a gun was heard to proceed from it. In
al,out a quarter of an hour the son was seen to come away from
the cow-shed alone, and riding upon his father's pony. The
deceased not making his appearance, alarm was excited, and
a search was made for him, and upon going into the cow-shed
the body of the deceased was discovered covered over with
hay. The head had been literally blown to atoms. The
body was removed to the Cock Inn, at Wing, and on Monday
a Jury assembled before Mr. Cowley, the Coroner, when the
proceedings were adjourned until Tuesday, and from what
transpired it was deemed necessary that the son of the de-
ceased should be taken into custody. A most rigid inquiry
then took place into all the circumstances of the case, and the
following facts were elicited :—The medical men who exa-
mined the deceased were unsnimously of opinion that he
had been shot from behind, and from a very shKt distance.
lit the head was found a pellet, which was the exact size.
of the mould used by the prisoner for making his
pellets. It also appeared that on the day of the murder
the prisoner went to one of his father's labourers,
who had been in the habit of going to the shed after they had
dressed the sheep, and told him that he must not go there on
that day. The man replied that his father had told him to go
and see whether the sheep were all right. The prisoner re-
plied, " Never mind, I tell you you must not go there to-day."
After the murder was discovered the prisoner went to the same
man and said, " If I cannot get some one to swear that they
saw me part from my father lam done." The man replied,
" My God! you don't say so I" To which the prisoner an-
swered, emphatically, s." I do." When the non-appearance
of the deceased caused alarm to his family, the prisoner
accompanied the persons who went in search of him ; and,
after looking over several portions of the premises, they
went into the cow-shed, and the prisoner immediat,ly ob-
served that some one had been movieg the hay since he
was there. This induced the parties to look under the hay,
as the body was completely covered with it, and hidden
from the view. When the prisoner saw the body of his father
he was dreadfully excited, and exclaimed, " Oh, my poor
father !" In the first instance no suspicion fell upon the pri-
soner, and lie was suffered to be at large as usual ; but when
Parkins, the officer, to whom great credit is due for his acti-
vity and intelligence in the prosecution of the inquiry, found
it necessary to take some steps with a vies to his apprehension
he went away from his father's house. The officer had, how-
ever, made arrangements to prevent him from getting away,
and took him into custody on Saturday. The jury were oc-
cupied in the investigation of the melancholy affa r until Tues-
day morning at nine o'clock, when they returned a verdict of
" Wilful murder against the prisoner, William Adams."
During the whole time the inquiry lasted the prisoner was
in the house under the care of Lucas, one of the Aylesbury
pobce. He evinced the utmost calmness and self-possession
during the whole trying period, and did not seem to be at all
affected by the awful position in which he was placed. When
the result was announced to him, he declared that he was in-
nocent of the heinous crime alleged against him. The great-
est excitement prevailed in the neighbourhood during the time
of the inquiry before the bench, and crowds of persons were
assembled to hear the result. The deceased it is said, was of
a very eccenti ie character, and it is also t umoured that lie was
in the habit of conducting himself with great violence not only
towards the prisoner, but also towards all his other children,
eleven in number, nine gills and two boys. The unhappy lad
who stands charged with taking away the life of his parent is
only eighteen years of age. He has the appearance however,
of being somewhat olds r. When the jury had returned the
verdict, the Coroner issued his warrant fur the commitment of
the prisoner, and yesterday morning he was lodged in Ayles-
bury gaol to await his trial at the forthcoming assizes.

DUN DEE.—The Town Council having authorised
the Provost to comply with a requisition sent him for a public
meeting to consider the anti-reform declaration of the present
Ministry, the Meeting was held in the Thistle-hall on the
evening of Tuesday ; and by the time business commenced it
was completely filled. Baillie Anderson was called to the
Chair. The Meeting was addressed by Mr. Alexander
Eason, Mr. Hunter, teacher ; Mr. Cristie, banker ; Mr. An-
derson, baker ; Mr. Penny, &c. ; and resolutions passed to
the eff ct, " That her Majesty's Ministers, by their avowed
determination, as recently expressed by Lord John Russell,
to
maintain the preponderance of the landed interest in the
Commons' House of Parliament, and thereby manifest their
intention to roust all farther reform in the representation of
the people, and to preserve the present unjust Corn Laws, by
air extravagance in voting such an enormous Civil List,
pensions and secret service money to her Majesty, contrary to
their former declarations of economy and retrenchment, and by
the violation of the constitutional rights and their coercive
measures to stifle the complaints of the Canadians, have given
c.mse for the withdrawal of that confidence which the British
nation formerly reposed in them."—That " it is absolutely ne-
cessary that the votes at the election of Members of Parlia-
tnent he taken by Ballot—that the duration a Parliaments be
limited to three years—and every man to have a voice in mak-
ing the laws he is bound to obey. That a more equal system
of representation is necessary ; and that, in place of boroughs
or counties (as at present), the population should be divided
into equal divisions, each having its representative. That a
committee be appointed to attend and watch the conduct of
our public men, and the measures brought before Parliament ;
and that they shall take proper means in order that the sense
of the public may be taken and fully expressed thereon. And
that a petition, founded on the first three resolutions, be laid
before the inhabitants for signature, end presented by Mr.
Joseph Hume to the' House of Commons."— Scotsman.
LO NDO N NST RELS.—llenry 1., unentlowcd
with the warlike spirit of his ancestors, took great dalight
in
listering to the songs of the minstrels. His Queen, the be-
nevolent Matilda, was also much attached to them, and loaded
then with favours. One of them became so wealthy under
her patronage, that having more money than was necessary
for his own wants, he imitated the laudable example of
royal mistress, and built a -priory and hospital to adorn the
city of London. This was IZahere, the founder. of St. Bar-
tinl,nnew. Minstrels of an inferior description—half minstrel
half mendicant—used to frequent the taverns and houses of
resort of the poorer people. Many of them used to be found
about Thames-street, which, in the first ages after the con-
quest, was chiefly inhabited by wine and provision sellers, and
was much resorted to by dissolute company..—Hrte/tay's

tor►/ of London.
POWERS OF TIIE COURT OF CIIANCERY.--Ti:e
Court of Ch,ucery is the highest court of judicature in the
kingdom, next to the House of Lords. It is established for
the purpose of moderating the severity, and rectifying the
errors, of the other courts. It is essentially a court of equity.
but has also the right of acting in the capacity of a court of
common law, when that may be deemed expedient. It has no
power, however, to try facts between parties, or to summon ti
jury. When it discharges the functions of a cqurt of common
law, its p-o,:eedings are said to bo ordinary ; wheu sitting as a
court of equity, which it usually does, its proceedings aro said
to be extraordinary. When sitting as a court of equity, of
court of conscience, it proceeds by bills, answers, decrees, &c.,
and takes every step it thinks most likely to defeat and punish
fraud, oppression, breaches of trust, and every kind of injustice.
So great are its powers, that it car► compel a defendant to dis-
cover facts which arc against his own cause ; a power which
no court of common law possesses. ,It has also the power of
repealing the Sovereiga's letters patent when they are contrary
to law, or grounded on unfounded suggestions. The Queen
being supposed incapable of doing wrong to her subjects—m,
" God bless her," she doubtless is—it assumed that she will
be quite agreeable, on the representations of the Lord Chan-
cellor, to have her letters patent in such cases repealed. Hence
the dosignafon, as applied t., the Lord Chancello►; of being
the keeper of the Royal conscience.— The Bench and the Bar,
by the Author (ye.' Random Recollections." -
INDIAN DAINTY.—" So great was the want of
provisions during the assault on the castle of San Juan, that
the troops were obliged to subsist on the broth of boiled mon-
keys—a kind of food which Nelson often declared nothing
could induce him to touch, after seeing their appearance its
the copper. A lit roasted monkey is ccnsidered a dainty by
the Indians of South America. Its appearance resembles a
burnt child. I have, howe,er, in the course of my life eaten
much worse food."—Naval Keepsake for 183 S, containing a
new Life of Nelson, by the Old

ROCHDALE '
FLANNEL MARKET, MONDAY,
JAN. I.—There has been a flat market to-day in flannels.
Fewer buyers have attended, which is usually the case on the
Monday previous to the new market. In some cases pieces
been bought for less money than last week. The wool market
has been dull. There seems no desire, on the part of the
manufacturer to purchase; but the last weeks prices' have
maintained.—Manchester Guardian.
ROCIIDALE MONTHLY CATTLE FAIR, MON-
DAY, JAN. I.—There has been something like an average
show of cattle in the market to- day, but not FO much business
done. The prices have been high ; drapes and milch cows
have been most in demand. Manchester Guardian. _

STATE Of TRADE.—As might he expected from
the season of the year, very little business has been doing for
the last few days. There were extensive inquiries yesterday,
both for goods and yarn, but at present the buyers, especially
of yarn, do not seem inclined to give tie prices demanled by
the holders, until they see what course the cotton market is
likely to take. The stocks of yarn. especially of low num-
bers, are understood to ba light ; and th re is g,nerally a sound
and healthy feeling in the markct.—Manchester Guardian.
THE WEATHER.-otl Wednesday, while rambling
in the fields, I heard a noise, as if prOceeding from a bird that
was choking, making repeated attempts to sing. I dre.v
nearer to it, and perceived the noise proceeding from a throstle
or singing thrush. It continued its efforts nearly a quarter of
an hour. This is the only instance I ever recollect of hear-
ing a bird attempt to sing, in our climate, during the last
week in December. —Correspondent of the Preston Observer.