The Sun.
London, England, 1849-05-05 00:00:00

ebtlling '4IA

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 5, 1849.

Ministers are at length resolved to grapple fairly
with Irish difficulties. They appear to have taken
the state and condition of that unhappy country into
their most serious consideration, and measures have
been introduced calculated to improve materially the
national resources, and to remove some of the chief
impediments to the development of its natural capa-
bilities. It is not by any single enactment, however
beneficial, that the social amelioration of Ireland
can be effected ; nor can an immediate change be
hoped for. There must be a series of judicious
measures tending to produce remunerative employ-
ment for labour in the due cultivation of the soil, the
drainage of the bogs, the reclamation of the waste
lands, the opening of proper modes of communica-
tion throughout the country, as well railways as
of miner, so as to ob-
tainthat now lies buried in the
ordinary
t the
e mineral
de
rs the
Health
land; the extension of the fisheries, inland, coast, and
deep sea; and in a variety of other channels
. _

available for the industrial occupation of
the people, but which remain uncared.for and
wholly neglected.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER last night
brought forward two of the measures proposed by
Government for the permanent improvement of the
country. The Right Hon. Baronet also stated that
he had intended applying at the same time for a vote
authorising an advance to the Great Western (Ire-
land) Railway, but that the state of the arrangements
rendered it necessary to delay the application. He
emphatically declaredtthattheuipn.tenTtihoenrewiass,,how
no
how-
ever, only postponed, given
there-
fore, no reason to fear that the project which
prominently
Memberso rads
oJnoe
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which were about to be brought for-
ward, is to be abandoned or relinquished. Two votes
were taken, amounting together to 500,000/. sterling,
of which 300,0001. is to be added to the fund avail-
able under the Land Improvement Act, and 200,0001.
istto be applied to arterial drainage, in addition to a por-
tion of the repayments into the treasury for advances
previously made, which, under the Act of last session,
may be re-issued without further application to Par-
liament. The entire stun that will be expended in
river drainage during the ensuing year will be about
270,0001., a sum which will be pioductive of the most
beneficial results, not merely in the employment that
will be thereby afforded, but in the increased value
of land within the districts in which the works
may be carried on. These are, in Teed, ex-
cellent measures in their way, and they proceed
on the just and sound principle, that every
shilling that may be required will be repaid by
instalments into the Imperial Treasury. Ireland
does not require grants ; we should not dole out
pittances sufficient to sustain the lives of the people,
but inadequate to produce any permanent ameliora-
tion in their condition. Such gifts are like the
halfpence bestowed on casual mendicants, which do
not benefit the recipients, or induce any feeling of
gratitude towards the donors. A vicious system is

thereby perpetuated, to the injury of all con •
cerned. 'We should rather induce, habits of
self-reliance and strict punctuality in every
dealing. Thousands of small tradesmen, or of
industrious workmen have been enabled, by judicious
loans, to struggle through seasons of difficulty, and
ultimately to repay all their obligations, and to be-
come perfectly independent in their circumstances.
If those persons had in the first instance been
treated as paupers, and consigned to the parish work•
houses, they would have remained perpetual burdens
on the rates. By more judicious treatment they,
however, became useful members of society, and re-
paid with thanks the aid they had received in their
emergencies. So we should act towards Ireland. Let
us deal with her rather a 3 an equal than as
an inferior—as a friend involved in temporary diffi-
culties, whom we may fairly and willingly aid with our
credit and resources, but from whom we have a right
to expect that our assistance will be made really
beneficial, rind applied to the purports for which it

was granted, and also that we shl.ll be saved harmless
from every loss. The sums that have heretofore been
lent for useful works have generally been repaid with
strict punctuality. Wherever there has been a rea-
sonable profit realised, that profit has been applied
towards discharging the liability to the national Ex-
chequer ; where, however, not the slightest bene •
fit has been conferred on the country, we
can scarcely feel surprised if there should be delays
and difficulties in the repayment. The present ad-
vances will not only be made for profitable purposes,
but they will also he upon good and available security,
charged upon property which may be readily sold, if
any default should take place. Under such circum-
stances we shall most probably find that the effect has
been really advantageous to the Irish people, and that
we shall have no cause to repnt of the confidence we
have reposed in their honour and integrity.

A diabolical project appears to be on the eve of
b-ing carried into operation by the Governments of
the Northern Absolutists—a project for the trampling
out of Hungarian liberty by an overwhelming in-
cursion of barbarians from the dominions of the
AUTOCRAT. After conquering the independence of
their native land with a heroism and a military
sagacity such as have been the admiration of Europe,
these glorious patriots are to be trodden down into
their former state of serfdom by being grievously
outnumbered. Such at least is the intention of
the Imperial Cabinet at Olmutz, an inten-
tion eagerly adopted by the congenial adminis-
tration of St. Petersburgh. Such at least
is the ghastly revenge reserved to themselves
by the Austrians, still smarting (as they are sorely)
under the remembrance of their recent expulsion
1 from the different cities of Hungary. Their vindic-
tiveness, as much as an anxiety for their own preser-
, vation from destruction, prompts them to demand in
this ignoble manner the military assistance of the
Cztn. Finding that the auxiliaries already obtained
, have been insufficient- to preserve their " grand
army" from a succession of murderous defeats, see-
ing that the soldiers originally sent by NICHOLAS for
the retention of Transylvania have been ignominiously
thrashed, as General BEM, the Hungarian Commander-
in-Chief himself expresses it, being expelled from Her-
manstadt and driven confusedly beyond the boun-
daries of Wallachia—young FRANCIS JosErit and
his statesmen find themselves reduced to the painful
land even degrading necessity of begging for more
help from the power of the AUTOCRAT. Russia, of
course, is only too heartily rejoiced to assume the
attitude of a Protector, and in so doing to participate
in the castigation of races so long objects of extraordi-
nary harassment to herself. No less than 150,000 men
are to march across Lithuania, to aid in propping up
the crumbling foundations of the Austrian empire.
Of these 100,000 are at once to be directed upon the
Hungarian and Polish provinces of Austria----upon
Gallicia and upon the country surrounding Buda
Pesth. Associated with the remnants of the army
successively commanded by WELDER and WINDISCH-
GRATZ, these mercenaries are to desolate, with fire
and sword, the land which during the last campaign
has been conquered, inch by inch, from
the Imperialists __...by its own children—the
land which, during the last seven months,
has acquired a. novel and supplementary
glory from the conduct of the courageous patriots
who have fought for tbeir rights and freedom, for the
.. rights gained by their ancestors and the freedom
Icherished for their posterity. Under the benign in-
fluc nee of the Provisional Government, inspired by
the genius of Louis KOSSUTH', the Hungarians have
so done as to have pushed forward from the marshy
environs of Debreczin, to have gained one pitched
battle after another, to have routed the formidable
band of Croatians under JELLACHICH, to have
taken the capital city, lying like a siamese
metropolis on either side of the Danube, to
have defeated two of the most redoubtable soldiers of
a nation whose army had given to the world such
captains as WURMSER and the Archduke CHARLES,
as MONTECUCULI and WALLENSTEIN. Scarcely have
the Hungarians accomplished all this, scarcely
have they succeeded in compelling their as-
sailants to fly in dismay beyond Pres-
burg in the direction of Vienna, scarcely have
the Liberals of Western Europe heard the glad
tidings that Hungary is victorious, than a new and
sinister coalition is formed between the northern
despots—a coalition which threatens to crush
under the weight of two gigantic empires an inter-
mediate state which, contrasted with either one or
the other of them geographically, is of miniature
dimensions. There is to be, it seems, an end of fair
fighting towards Hungary. Up to the present time,
fair fighting has only proved disastrous to the ag-
gressors. A change in the system of warfare must
consequently be effected—the struggle must be
rendered altogether unequal. Hungary must be
placed at the mercy of Austria, and when, through the
help of Russian auxiliaries, the Hungarians are
so at their mercy, no mercy must be shown them.
Right must be strangled again in the Titanic grasp
of Might. It is the old tale. Only the illustration
about to be afforded as to the accuracy of that old
tale is more mournful and more atrocious than any
yet engraved on the tablets of history by the iron pen
of the annalist.

By the perusal of the interesting communication
from General BEM published in another column—
s communication forwarded to Lord DUDLEY
STUART by Mr. COLQUHOUN, the British Consul at
Bucharest—it will be seen how noble were the
achievements of the Hungarian patriots when first
confronted by the combined forces of Russia and
Austria, among the Transylvanian mountains. Let
us feel satisfied of this fact that, however gloomy the
prospects of their country may now appear, from
the approach of the soldiers of NicuoLss, the co.
patriots of KOSSUTH have not lost any of that self-
reliance which has hitherto conduced to their triumph
under the banners of BEM and DEMBINSKI. On the
contrary, let us feel sure of this —that their heroic
determination to stand or fall under the constitutional
banners, originally raised as far back /13 the twelfth
century, is unshaken—is not only unshaken, is con-
firmed.

Meanwhile, from the report given in this evening's
impression of the seventeenth annual meeting of the
Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, it
will be seen at a glance that the lovers of that brave
but unfortunate country are sanguine as to its
future destinies. Let the people of Gallicia
confirm those favourable auguries. Let Poland be
true to her past glory, and true also to the
fame of those daring Generals who, by heading the
Hungarian army during the last campaign, have
gained for the Polish tactics a brilliant and imperish-
able reputation.

If the aspirants for liberty, who are unhappily
situated in the immediate neighbourhood of Northern
Absolutism, be only true to themselves they may
even now "pluck the flower safety out of the nettle
danger," they may even now save themselves from a
common subjugation. This we maintain might
be accomplished in spite even of the
colossal armies of a Russo-Austrian coali-
tion. It might be effected by the Hungarians
still remaining true to the counsels of KOSSUTH, to
the banners of BEM, and to their own glorious re-
nown—by the Polish population rising in the rear of
the advancing troops of the AUTOCRAT-by the Turks
abetting the cause of the Moldo-Waliachians and'
pouring down in a contrary direction the legions of
the crescent standard of Monaangen ! Let this be
dune and terms shall not be dictated before Cracow,
or Pesth, or Bucharest, even by the united strength
of Austria and Russia. Let coalition be opposed by
coalition, and then Poland will be disinterred—
Constantinople will be secured from the ambition of
St. Petersburgh—and Hungary will be saved by her
heroic sons, led on by the sword of BEM, and in-
spired by the patriotism of KOSSUTH.

LOOK TO YOUR POCKETS—is the advertised advice
of a fashionable cos' umier in Regent-street, when describing
the new patented invention called Nicoll's Pocket Protector,
which is particularly addressed to the railway traveller as
applied to a Paletot, and the preservation of his railway
ticket. Perhaps but few are aware of the inconvenience that
may arise from the loss of this little bit of pasteboard; for,
upon many railways, the otficills are by certain bye-laws
empowered to detain or give into custody the unfortunate
loser, should he not be prepared at once to pay for another.
—211; rning Chronicle.
VICTIMISING LICENSED VICTUALLERS.—Twenty-
four good pewter pots were taken out of a cesspool at Lewis-
ham, a few days since, belonging to licensed victuallers in
the neighbourhood, fourteen of them being the property of
( ne tradesman within a very short distance of the place from
whence they were taken,.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC,

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The day was ob3erved as a grand fete, it being the
anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic by
the National Assembly. The PRESIDENT of the
Republic, the Members of the National Assembly,
and the Foreign Ministers assembled at the Te Deem,
which was chaunted on the Place de la Concorde.
Detachments from the 21, 31, sth, and 6th Legions
of the National Guard were on the ground. The
weather was beautiful, and the spectacle very grand.
There was no attempt at creating disorder. There
was to be a grand display of fire-works in the
evening.
The Gazette de France announces the entry of the
French troops into Rome.
The Patric says—
"A report was current this afternoon that the troops
of the French expedition had an engagement with the
Roman troops. This report is destitute of foundation ;
our troops entered without obstacle. It is supposed that
Mazzini and the chiefs of the Government have quitted
the city."
The Mennen?. du Soir publishes the following offi-
cial statement :

" A report has been circulated that an altercation has
taken place between the President of he TiTublic and
his cousin. We are authorised to declare that M. Napo-
leon Jerome Bonaparte, since his return from Spain, has
not had an audience of the President, nor have they
met anywhere. Moreover, although the President of
the Republic may show himself severe towards all the
members of his family who do not conform strictly to
their duty, he does not for that reason sever the bonds
by which they are connected with him."
The National Assembly adopted, on Thursday, the
Budgets of the Ministers of Justice and of War.
The National Assembly has refused, by a majority
of 67, to vote the salary of General CHANGAANIER,
who illegally holds two commands.
The editor of the Assemblee Nationalee has been fined
500 francs for the publication of a libel on M. ARMAND
MAaRAST.

The venerable DUPONT DE L'EURE, the patriarch
of Republicanism in France, who from 1789 to 18-19
has consistently and honestly upheld the cans?, of
liberty through evil report and through good report,
who was one of the few who had the wisdom and
the courage to resist the elevation of Louis
PnuarrE to the throne in 1830, and who was chosen
by acclamation President of the Provisional Govern-
ment in 1848, died on Thursday night of cholera, in
the 831 year of his age.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. MAY 4.
Boulogne and Amiens, B%—East Indian, 31A ex. in.—
Great Indian Peninsular, % —Northern of France, 1114
Paris and Rouen, 22%.

SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 29th have been received.
Permission tas been given to SALAMANCA and
ESCOSURA to return to Spain.
The 13olsa was clond on the 29th.

GERMAN Y
AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

FRANKFORT.
The German Parliament dreads a coup de main on
the part of the King of PEJISSIA, who is concentrat-
ing troops at Nayence and at Kreuznach.

PRUSSIA.
The Prussian Monitor of the Ist contains a circu-
lar addressed by the Prussian Government to its
envoys to the different German States, in which it
hopes that the other German Governments will agree
with it in considering the constitution propounded
by the National Assembly of Frankfort as im-
practicable; and that therefore an effort should be
made to induce the Assembly to submit to
some modification of the Constitution ; and
if the Assembly would not consent, that then
measures should be adopted such as the gravity of
the circumstances required ; that should any dangers
be likely to arise from those measure?, Prussia would
be ready to face them with energy and promptitude,
in conjunction with the other German powers; that
it (the Prussian Government) deems it a fixed and
unalterable principle, that it is only in the power of
the representatives of the German Governments to
frame a constitution for all Germany, and it considers
that the real security of those Governments will be
found in a body of faithful representatives acting in
a Federative Assembly for the good of the whole.
This body should consist of a Chamber of State and
a popular chamber. This document is signed by
Count BRA.NDENBURG, and bears date April 28.

AUSTRIA.
ANOTHER DEFEAT of the IMPERIALISTS.
Letters from Vienna of the 28th ult. state that on
the morning of the 26th, at four o'clock, the Imperial
army was attacked near Ach, on the right bank of
the Danube, GEORG EY with his Magyars having
crossed the river in the night. The Imperial army
was forced to retire, and its head-quarters are now at
Presburg.
No less than 1,660 wounded were brought to
Vienna on the 30th ultimo, and quartered into the
hospitals, the former inmates of which were sent off
to the villages surrounding Vienna. It was stated
that Raab had been evacuated by the Imperialists.
The siege of Comorn has been finally raised. Crowds
of fugitives, who arrived at Vienna from Presburg,
asserted that the positions and entrenchments of the
blockading forces were giren up. A quantity of
battering artillery arrived at Vienna on the 30th
ultimo. M. Kossunt has forced the peasantry in
the vicinity of Comorn to destroy the entrenchments
of the Imperialists.

The Hungarian Dictator is, to all appearance, now
formally installed in Pesth. He has reappointed the
old magistrates, reorganized th© National Guard, and
proclaimed the independence of Hungary.

SAXON Y.
DISSOLUTION OF THE SAXON
CHAMBERS.
DRESDEN, APRIL 29. The official Gazette of
Saxony contains the following notice :
•` His Majesty the King, by virtue of section 119 of
the Constitution, and of section 9 of the Provisional Law
of Nov. 15, 1818, hereby dissolves the Chamber of the
Kingdom of Saxony, now in consultation assembled.
The same is made known by these presents.
" Given at Dresden, April 28, 1849.
(Signed) " FREDERICK WILLIAM."
Countersigned by all the Ministers.
The Ministers have published an ad cress to the
Saxon nation, in which they say they recommended
his MAJESTY to dissolve the Chamber, because they
considered that the proceedings of the Chamber were
not calculated to promote the true interest of the
country, or to carry out the real intentions of the
Saxon nation.—Cologne Gazette, May 2.

HAN OVER.
GOTTINGEN, APRIL 29.—0 n receiving the intelli-
gence of the dissolution of the Chambers of Hanover,
the civic guard immediately assembled and decided
upon an address to the KING, praying his MAJESTY
forthwith to issue writs for the election of a new
House of Representatives. The address went on to
say that the Civic Guard of Gottingen considers the
German constitution obligatory, and will defend it
against every opponent.
A deputation was at the same time appointed, and
set out for Hanover the same day, for the purpose of
presenting the address to his MAJESTY.
We hear from numerous sources that the King
of HANOVER is seriously indisposed. His MAJESTY
is suffering from attacks of Spasm in the stomach.