The Sun.
London, England, 1836-04-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL Eli 1836

starve or be driven to ijeck h 'subsistence either by beg=
ging, or by the perpetration, perhaps; 15f the ,g'r'eatest
enormities.' So fat the theOfy iS ekaeliy borne out
by the state at' fads in Ireland ; bill he goes on to
show , how this evil works its own dreadfdl care:
" Want, famine, and inditaliiv;" tin 4olikhltieS;
" would immediately lifek'n'il lh ii at class, and from
thence extend themselves to all the sunerior classes,
till the number
:e t inhabitants in the country was re-
to what could easily by the re-
venue dud StOck Which remained in it, and which had
escaped either the tyranny or the calamity which had
destroyed the rest." It is not so iii Ireland: Want,
famirie, and. tnottalitY do iodeed prevail ; bdt early
niartiages, and the pfolific Giodstifiitioii df
tlid people;
are trifire than a thatch tot these depopulating causes,
and numbers increase in spite of them. Nay, though
every part of England and Scotland, where there is a
great demand for labour, swarms with Irish, the num-
ber at home, in spite of all manner of privations, still
increases. They grow up like weeds, which cover the
ground where artificial cultivation is neglected. Some
of the witnesses examined before the Irish Poor Law
Commissioners attribute the improvident marriages
which are continually taking place to the wretched cir-
cumstances of the people. It
,is certain that there
are two distinct sorts of improvidence which afflict man-
kind. One of them is the neglect to provide out of pre-
sent means for future necessities ; the other is th e
result of a desperate belief that the future can brin g
nothing worse. One is the carelessness of the wel -
provided, the other is the desperation of the destitute.
The improvidence of the Irish labourers is very fre-
quently—perhaps generally—of the latter class. It
does not seem to us that any system for the elevation
of the Irish poor from their present degraded state can
be satisfactory, unless it comprehends some restriction
on these grossly improvident marriages. We believe
that the Roman Catholic priests encourage this mon-
strous evil for the sake of the marriage fees, which, on
such occasions, arc provided by a general subscription.
We therefore fear that the Commissioners will not
venture to recommend any such restriction, and that, if
they did, the present Government would not venture
to act upon such recommendation. What they do re-
commend is as we learn, briefly this, that a poor-law
machinery, similar to that existing under the new law
in England, should be instituted in Ireland, omitting
the workhouses. The persons to be relieved under this
system are those who from age or bodily infirmities
are unable to work. As for the able-bodied labourers,
it is plain that they are too abundant to be provided
for upon the poor law system, and a Board of Im-
provement is therefore recommended to be instituted,
with extensive powers for proceeding with the culti-
vation of waste lands and carrying on public works.
Emigration is also to be encouraged for carrying
off' the surplus for which profitable employment
cannot be found. The expense of the contemplated
improvements is to be subsequently defrayed by a
charge upon the lands, &c., improved ; the funds being
in the first instance, we presume, furnished by the
public. All this seems very excellent and laudable,
and if set about with energy, honesty, and care, much
good may be done. If it were possible, however, we
should rather not have two new Boards, and a whole
regiment of Commissioners, Sub-Commissioners, and
District Commissioners, which are recommended. We
much fear the jobbing propensities of Mr. O'Connell
and the Roman Catholic priests, being well convinced,
from all past experience, that they have no real anxiety
about the substantial welfare of the common people,
and no honesty to prevent them from accommodating
themselves at the expense of sacrificing great national.
advantages. We must await the authentic publication
of full details before a final judgment can be pronounced
upon the policy and practicability of the labours assigned
to the Board of Improvement ; but the principle of
maintaining the Irish poor, by employing them on the
improvement of waste lands, or providing for them by
emigration, are, although the old, the only feasible re-
medics which seem to present themselves for existing
evils. Education, and the prevention of early and im-
provident marriages, might also do much. We confess
we are startled at the preliminary work which is chalked
out as the foundation for the Commissioners' labours.
Ireland, we are told, is to be divided into " relief dis-
tricts," which are to be surveyed and valued. This
is easily said, but the division of a kingdom into dis-
tricts, and the surveying and valuing of the same, is
not so easily done. Yet this is but one. of the preli-
minary steps. The poor rate, it is said, will be
assessed upon the whole of Ireland, and the Commis-
sioners arc to direct what proportion shall be collected
from each district. It is proposed that occupying
tenants shall pay one-third of the rate in respect of
their occupancy, and two-thirds in respect of the pro-
perty which they occupy. If they are leasehold tenants
they may deduct these two-thirds from the landlord's
rent ; if tenants at will, they may deduct the whole
of the rate. We think it wily be very unfair
if the whole of Ireland should be obliged to
pay the rates for the landlords and occupiers
of the pauperised parts. We do not see why
the improved and industrious North of Ire-
land should pay for the gross neglect and exorbitant
rents of the merely agricultural South. We foresee a
multitude of difficulties in the adjustment of what the
Commissioners have recommended, and we fear the
Ministers have not the energy, nor their Irish friends
the inclination, to combat these difficulties, and to
succeed in spite of them. The public ought to exer-
cise great vigilance in this matter ; first, not to suffer
it to be neglected ; and, secondly, to hinder it from
being made the means of jobbing for individual or
party advantage. We repeat that this vast and vital
concernment—namely, the rescuing of upwards of two
millions of people from miserable degradation and
hardship, and the improving of Ireland, in the real
and practical sense of that term, calls for immediate
honesty,
atr d zealo
energy,
attention,erg y ,
and andca ?e
,w e
thishave no doubt
and
gstvoelaeroacm(
vacancies
s,n‘NevVtiohelrtsekh
may be accomplished. But they who expect such a
consummation under the present prevailing influence
with regard to Irish affairs, are more sanguine than we
are.—Morning Herald.
The conduct of the Government is defended in the
Parliament by one style of argument, in the Press by
another. In the House, some little respect for con-
sistency, some little regard for integrity, must be pro-
fessed.; in the newspaper, inconsistency and corruption
may safely be avowed and eulogized. When Sir Richard
Vyvyan blamed the exclusion of the name of Mr. Al-
derman Daniel from the list of magistrates for the city
of Bristol, Lord John. Russell defended the omission,
on the ground that Mr. Alderman Daniel was growing
old—that Mr. Alderman Daniel did not hear so well
as he used to hear—that Mr. Alderman Daniel was
unwilling to undertake the performance of onerous
duties. To the hearers of Lord John Russell, it
seems, some slight show of decency is necessary.
The Morning Chronicle is bolder. Ito saysr..bAnoh-
thing of Mr. Alderman Daniel's ace, nothingomction of
Mr. Alderman Daniel's deafnests,pnuotstathige
rejection
derman Daniel's reluctance. I
his honoured name upon 'the single and sole ground
upon which Sir It. Vyvyan asserted it must be placed.
It acknowledges that Mr. Alderman Daniel is not a
magistrate because Mr. Alderman Daniel is a Tory.
To the readers of the Morning Chronicle
Whenit
naked truth may be safely and successfully told. •
During the ascendancy of the Tories, so argues our
contemporary,
" They rigorously excluded all Reformers from the ma-
gistracy. Every alderman was a Tory,
in the corporation arose, they were uniformly filled by
Tories."

And what said the Morning Chroniclei n thoseuni-
times of this rigorous exclusion of Reformers ?—of
these universally Tory aldermen ?—of this
form supply of vacancies by Tories ? It said
that if the individuals selected were fit for their
office, the system was still bad which raised them to
that office. It said that if justice was rightly adminis-
tered by men chosen for political reasons, still it
was impossible to make it be believed that justice was
rightly administered. It said that it was not enough
to shut out partiality from tl',e Bench, it was fit
to
extinguish the suspicion r.,1 partiality. There was
much truth in these a
by a great mass of evr.rigr-
duents. They were supported
tion Commission', collected by the Corpora-
that borouPi hwa•e(ii tbteoe
nsh
coowr,r
unpott, saosmtuheaht
borouPl- -
an i s t retvi silt ed.
that Lordwhie
which
John
e
It.
,23441 professed to avoid ,-. Af;:g‘siistwrahticcsh
d.
4 gig ,rates hadbeaesn

• •
1116riting Citraidete iecouinierids to,liim as an, earnple.
I4t the SecletiirF EltatC thldpt the !ilea of the
idurnaliSt ; let it Be aVowed that, Because the Tong
appointed, by Oolitic:al pieference, Tory MagiSttates,
the Wligs leave AO inted,
J
,7.! • • ley iolltical
#
. 1
• .tic ugistrates. e ask no more ; 011
Vyvyan needs to call no evidence ; the issue is ripe for
the verdict of the country.—Morning Post.

Cdr dpididas dpdrl the Pdlidy add htiniadity of mi-
litary, fioggidg are sd well known toodt readers, that
to say adythidg riidie upon the subject *mild be to
eirda theta wits a repetition of What We hod again
and again expressed in this Journal. The system is
Aire giant withevery evil under the sun. It is bad in
prineiplc—it is sieketiidg aiid lidfrifyidg ill pidetice=
it is calculated to transform men into brutes, and
brutes" into criminals, or murderers. It does not
reform the party who is punished, but it has the happy
effect of converting whole regiments into rebels, and
the swords which ought to be drawn only against the
enemies of the state into weapons of offence against
their commanders and natural protectors. The sys-
tem, in fact, will not bear the slightest examination ;
and however admirable and excellent the letter to
Lord Melbourne, which will be found in another
column, may be, still we are all but inclined to apo-
logise to our readers for running the risk of offend-
ing their common sense, and their common feeling of
humanit) and justice, as well as of sound policy, for
having given it insertion. A more admirable display
of the contradictory statements and opinions of the
Military Commission, as well as of the false inferences
upon which they_ founded their Report, has not yet
appeared in any Journal ; and as there happens to be
parties still so devoid of humane feeling, as well as so
blind to the certain consequences of the false policy
which they persist in recommending—and further, as
our able correspondent is intimately acquainted with
the subject in all its bearings—it is our intention to
lay before our. readers and the public a few more letters
upon it. We are quite aware that there is no possi-
bility of altering the opinions of what is now very
properly designated " the Grandma= Military Com-
mission ;" but if we can only keep public feeling alive
upon the subject, and save from the disgrace and in-
humanity of publicly stripping the bare back of any
defender of his country, we shall be satisfied that our
columns have not been given in vain to the admission
of such communications.—Morning Advertiser.

EC ON i) Uri() N.
SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock.
filE LONDON GAZETTE

THIS EVENING.

WAR-OFFICE, April 8, 1836.
Ist Regiment of Life Guards—Staff-Assistant-Surgeon A. E.
Campbell, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice F. Goedwin, who retires
upon half-pay, April 8.
Ist Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Captain J. A. Whitaker,
from the half-pay Unattached, to be Captain, vice J. B. Morris,
who exchanges, April 8.
2d Regiment of Dragoon Guards—W. S. Wilkinson, Gent., to
be Cornet, by purchase, vice Ricketts, -
who retires, April 8.
4th Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Cornet G. H. Eliot to be
Lieutenant by purchase, vice Holdsworth, who retires ; :G. Roch-
fort, Gent., to be Corndt, by purchase, vice Eliot, April 8.
11th Regiment of Light Dragoons--Serjeant W. Betson to be
Regimental Quartermoster, vice Henderson, deceased, Nov. 1.
13th Regiment of Light Dragoons—Assistant-Surgeon P. Bro-
die, from the 13th Foot, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Stephen-
son, promoted in the 3 4th Foot, April 8.
Scots Fusilier Guards—M. P. Drummond, Gent. to be Ensign
and Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Waldegrave, who retires, April 8.
3d Regiment of Foot--Ensign C. Sawyer to be Lieutenant, by
purchase, vice Peel, who retires ; C. J. Foster, Gent. to be
Ensign, by purchase, vice Sawyer, April 8.
4th Foot—Lieutenant E. Ricard, from the 2d West India Regi-
ment, to be Lieutenant, vice A. Lonsdale, who retires upon half-
pay of the 84th Regiment of Foot, April 8.
13th Foot—G. W. Barnes, M. D., to be Assistant-Surgeon,
vice Brodie, appointed to the 13th Light Dragoons, April 8.
17th Foot—M. Perfect, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice
Kelly, promoted, April 8.
54th Foot--Assistant-Surgeon T. G. Stephenson, M.D., from
the 13th Light Dragoons, to be Surgeon, vice C. Hamilton, who
retires upon half-pay, April 8.
60th Foot—Second Lieut. G. 11. Courtenay to be First Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Eversley, who retires ; C. S. Cochrane,
Gent., to be Second Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Courtenay,
April 8. _ _ .

'7lst Foot—Ensign A. Levinge to be Lieutenant, by purchase,
vice Pack, who retires - G. Dance, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur-
chase, vice Levinge, April 8.
89th Foot--Lieut. A. Hay to be Captain, by purchase, vice
Hawkins, who retires ; Ensign J. W. Crowdy to be Lieutenant,
by purchase, vice Hay ; 11. Edmunds, Gent., to be Ensign, by
purchase, vice Crowdy, April 8.
2(1 West India Regiment—Lieut. W. Pilkington, from the half-
pay of the 84th Regiment of Poo:, to be Lieutenant, vice Ricard,
appointed to the 4th Regiment of Foot, April 8.
MEMORANDUM.
The date of the appointment of Major Fane to the 9th Regi-
ment of Foot, is 12th Nov. 1835, and not the Ist April 1836.
Erratum in the Gazette of the Ist inst.
For Lieut. R. H. Peel, from the half-pay Unattached, to be
Lieutenant in the 3d Foot, read Lieut. R. Peel, from the half-pay
of the Ist Garrison Battalion, to be Lieutenant in the 3d Foot.

DOWNING-STREET, APRIL 8, 1836.
The King has been pleased to appoint John Reddie, Esq., to be
Chief Justice of the Island of St. Lucia.
The King has also been pleased to appoint Elzear Bedard, Esq.,
to be one of the Judges for the 'dDistriet of Quebec, in the Pro-
vince of Lower Canada.
The King has also been pleased to appoint W. B. Wolseley, Esq.,
to be Assistant Secretary of the Colony of British Guiana.

WHITEHALL, MARCH 22.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed Edward Lawrence Gibbs,
of Birmingham, in the county of Warwick, Gent., to be a Master
Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.