The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 9, 1849

very great and dangerous extent in the city, I may ob-
serve, that among persons who are ill-informed on the
subject there exist erroneous notions as to the preserva-
tion of bodies under these circumstances. They are
supposed from their complete closure to remain un-
changed for ages, like the embalmed bodies of Egypt
and [fern; or, at least, if perhaps they undergo some
interior and invisible change (as the chrysalis within its
sheath), that there is no interference with the general
arrangement, no breach in the compactness of the enve-
lope. Nothing can be less correct than this supposition.
" It is unnecessary that I should detail the process of
decay as it occurs within the charnel house, nor need I
inquire for your information whether indeed it be true,
as alleged, that part of the duty of a sexton consists
in tapping the recent coffins, so as to facili-
tate the escape of gases which otherwise would burst
forth from their confinement. It is sufficient that I
should state that whether such be or be not the duty of
the functionary in question, a time certainly comes,
sooner or later, when every corpse buried in the vault
of a church spreads the products of its decomposition
through the air as freely as though no shell had en-
closed it. It is matter of the utmost notoriety that
under all ordinary conditions of vault sepulture the
wooden case of the c ffin speedily decays and crumbles,
while the interior leaden one, bending with the pressure
of whatever mass may be above it, yields, bulges, and
bursts as surely as would a hat-box under the weight of
a leaden portmanteau.
" If the accuracy of this description be doubted, let
inquiry be made on a large scale after the coffins of
forty years back—let it be seen how many will appear
lf, on the contrary, its accuracy be granted, then I
apprehend nothing further need be urged to establish
the importance of abolishing a system which maintains
on so large a scale the open putrefaction of human re-
mains within places of frequent resort, and in the midst
of populous habitations.
" It is a very serious matter for consideration, that
close beneath the feet of those who attend the services of
their church there often lies an almost solid pile of do-
composing human remains, co extensive with the area of
the building, heaped as high as the vaulting will permi ,
and generally (as I have shown) but very partially con-
fined. And if it be the case (as perhaps it may), that
the frequenters of the place of worship do not complain
of any vitiation of the atmosphere, or perhaps do not
experience it, not the less is it true that vitiation occurs,
and (whether to the special detriment of the congrega-
tion or not) contributes to the overladen putrefactiveness
of our London atmosphere.
" In respect of such vaults, I do not consider that the
mere cessation of interments will be sufficient, seeing
that at the present moment they contain amongst them
many thousand coffins as yet tenanted by the materials
of decomposition ; and year and after year, if left in
their present state, these will be poisoning the air with
successive instalments of their progressive decay.
" It seems to me quite indispensable that some com-
prehensive measure should be undertaken for abolishing
at once and for ever all burial within the city of London.
Conjointly with the general application to Parliament
for prohibition of further intramural sepulture, I would re-
commend that authority be obtained by the City for its
several parishes to procure the decent removal to extra-
mural cemeteries of such coffins as already occupy their
vaults; or failing this measure, I would recommend that
all coffins now lying within vaults be walled up in
their present resting-places with uniform impermeable
masonry."
We make no apology for the length of the above
extract, for the matter to which it relates is one which
affects the life of every attendant at every metropo-
litan place of worship, and we feel that any attempt
at comment would only weaken the force of the ar-
gument so excellently, so strongly, and so plainly put
by Mr. SimoN. The report then, at great length,
describes the miserable state of the habitations of
the poor in courts and lanes and allies, where are to be
found rookeries of houses absolutely incapable of ven-
tilation, and proposes the following remedy :
" I would beg to recommend," says Mr. Simon, " that
a survey be made of the worst districts which I have
specified, with a view to the immediate purchase and de-
struction of some considerable portion of the court pro-
perty lying in them; and still more, I would urge that
this is an exertion which for some years must proceed
systematically, in order to thin the numbers of a popula-
tion which now breeds pestilence and augments mortality
by its overcrowding and excess.
" I am aware that considerable difficulties lie in the
way of accomplishing an object of this sort with imme-
diate rapidity. It is my great hope, however, that the
principle may be distinctly recognised; and that the City
will not tolerate within its municipal jurisdiction the
continuance of houses absolutely incompatible with
healthy habitation. This principle being once esta-
blished, and a certain annual expenditure devoted to
enforce it, I feel assured that within a very few years
opportunities enough will have arisen for that outlay to
have been made in the most judicious manner, and tor
its results amply to have demonstrated the advantages
of the system which I recommend."
Mr. SIMON then proceeds to consider " the per-
sonal habits of the lowest classes, and the in-
fluence of destitution in increasing mortality ;" and
in the course of his observations pays a well-deserved '
tribute of praise to the efforts which of late have been
made by various benevolent societies to improve those
habits and lessen that destitution. Mr. SIMON sums
up his report with the following statement of what he
considers to be absolutely necessary for the security
of the health and welfare of the City :
"To provide an inoffensive ontfall for the sewerage of
our vast popula'ion; to render the ricer a source of un-
' qualified advantage; to give an indefinite extension, an I
a sounder principle, to the system of water supply;
to suppress all trade; and occupations which taint the
atmosphere with materials of organic decomposition; to
abate the nuisance of smoke; to provide the tacilities ter
extramural interment, and to procure the prohibition of all
further burial amidst our living; to improve the domestic
arrangements of the poor, and to ensure their adequate
supervision; to hinder the occupation of houses which
breed pestilence; to destroy such as are irremediably
hostile to health; and to thin the stifled population of
courts and alleys; to establish public baths and laundries
which may offer to the poor the utmost facilities and in-
ducement for the maintenance of personal cleanliness;
to erect, in the stead of such courts as we may hope to
depopulate and destroy, but in open streets and with
perfect ventilation; to erect and to place at the disposal
of the labouring classes houses and lodgings which not
only may offer to their inhabitants every convenience
essential to health end decency, end c imfort, but may
likewise serve as models of housf hold economy for the
whole district in which they stand."
Mr. SIMON has entitled himself
,to the gratitude
and admiration of every philosopher and of
every philanthropist, by the publication of this
perhaps the most valuable contribution that
has ever been made to sanitary science—a science
which, to use the eloquent words of Mr. SIMON
himself—
" fa the great objects which it proposes to itself, in
the immense amelioration which it proffers to the phy •
sical, social, and, indirectly, to the moral condition of
an immense majority of our fellow creatures, transcends
the importance of all other sciences, and in its beneficent
operation seems most to embody the spirit and to fulfil
the intentions of practical Christianity."

Having proved last week that the late monetary
crisis and commercial distress was not ascribable to
the failure of the potato crop or to "over-pro-
duction," we now proceed to show that it was not
attributable to " over-speculation" or to the "rail- ,
way expenditure," but that the various evils that
were erroneously supposed to have originated from
these causes were altogether occasioned by the undue
"appreciation" of the value of money, which resulted
from the unjust and impolitic Acts of 1819 and 1844.
Any use of capital or wealth other than "hoard-
ing" or useless consumption must properly come
within the term "speculation." If men desire to
mske profit of any kind from-the employment of
the means placed at their disposal—if they are not
contented to bury their talent in the bowels of the
earth, and to become indeed "unprofitable servants"
—they must " speculate." If a man having a large
sum of money lying idle in his hands choose to invest
it in lands, in houses, in railways, in trade, or com-
merce, or manufactures of any kind, or even to lend
it out at interest on any species of security, he
is " speculating." In other countries where, from
political or ether causes, there was no security for
either life or property) many persons were in the
habit of concealing their treasurer, that they might
be available upon any emergency, so as either to be
carried away or remain hidden until disturbances had
ceased, and the owners were enabled to reclaim pos-
session, they being satisfied to forfeit the benefits to
be obtained from their use for the additional security
to the principal. But such was happily never an
English habit. Every man in the enjoyment of
superfluous wealth endeavours to obtain some profit j
from its use; he seeks the best species of investment,
considers which will yield the best interest, dividend,
or annual produce, combined with the greatest safety
of principal, and in many cases the prospects of an
increase in the value of that principal. We are a
" speculating" people, and it is to that specula-
tion that the greatness and prosperity of Eng-
land is owing, that the English language
is to be heard in every clime and on every SE a, and
gterrepartisceh,arearctie, rsi:teiecuioafti
et he e; , Afnogr
the terms that the sun never sets on the British dominions. The
Saxon race
reacaeis
in .en-con-
vertible ; and the h Engl. is man who would change
that feeling, and substitute listless
indolence and
apathy, is the worst enemy of his country. But
our money laws are rapidly producing that result.
The extraordinary fluctuations in the value of money
that have been so painfully perceptible of late years
have defeated the best devised projects, the most ac-
curate calculations, Legitimate, well-matured com- I

n ercial adventures, that under a more equable rnone-

tary system would ensure handome profits, become

wild and rash " speculations ;" white stupid sloth
and inactivity, without the possession of a single
good quality, is regarded as wise and prudent
conduct.

The " appreciation" of money it is that has rendered
every species of trading or commerce unprofitable, a
source of loss in place of gain. Persons who purchase any
description of commodities must make up their minds
to sell at less than first cost, or to retain the goods
deteriorating in their hands. Manufacturers must
dispose of their products at less than the price of the
raw materials and the wages of their workmen ; but
this is not occasioned by over-production or over-
speculation, but by the increased value of money,
which, although of the same nominal value—being
6 dwts. a grs of gold for the pound sterling, requires
a much greter quantity of goods to be given in
exchange than was formerly considered nn equivalent.
Merchants, manufacturers, and traders must therefore
suffer ; while the only parties who benefit are those
who hoard up their money, waiting for the fatal
operation of the money laws to depress all kinds of
industry, and to enable the drones to fatten upon the
spoils of their more active brethren.
Let us inquire a little further and see what
description of speculation it was that was chiefly,
complained of. The Governor and the Deputy-
Governor of the Bank of England in their evidence
before the Committee on Commercial Distress
declared that

"An unprecedented large importation of food caused
by a deficient harvest, required in payment the export
of a large amount of bullion to the extent of about
7,500,000/. from the coffers of the Bank, and probably-
not leas than 1,500,000/. from other sources—together
9,000,000/. From this large reduction in the available
capital of the country, in addition to the still larger
amount invested in railway expenditure, acting suddenly
upon a previous high state of credit and excessive spE cu-
lation, arose the pressure in the money market. There
was an abstraction of 7.500,000/. from the bullion held
by the Bank, and consequently a diminution in the notes
to that extent."

They then explain the sudden fall of prices of
bread stuffs, and the failure, first of the parties who

speculated in corn, and then of others whose resources
were materially affected thereby—the general alarm
and total prostration of credit that ensued, and the
" hoarding of money to a considerable extent. The
general complaint was a scarcity of money. Credit
was so entirely destroyed that houses trading to
distant countries, carrying on their business by means
of credit, by a renewal of their acceptances as they
became due, were no longer able to meet their
engagements, and were forced to stop payment.
This was the state of things previous to the issuing
of the Government letter in October." Now, it must
be borne in mind, that these gentlemen are among
the most strenuous advocates of the Acts of 1819 and
1844, and that their object was to prevent any altera-
tion in our money laws, and that their evidence was
, more particularly directed to the Act of 1844. The
first shock to the national credit was the " unprece-
dented large importation of food caused by a deficient
harvest."

This, then, was the " over-speculation" of which
they complained. Was there, we ask, a single
quarter of corn imported which was not required
by the nation ? If it had not been for that large im-
portation, must not the people have endured the ut-
most privations, and encountered a scarcity similar to
that under which our Irish brethren suffered so
severely ? The "speculations" in corn, then, although
1
1 they may have acted injuriously on the money
1 market, were absolutely essential to the safety of the
country ; and it is manifest that we owe much to that
" speculation" which averted the most fearful
evils, and unparalleled misery from the com-
munity at large. The dealers might have
I sustained pecuniary losses, but they preserved their
I fellow-citizens from the most frightful calamities?,
But how did the large importation produce the money
-
j crisis ? Simply because it led "to the export of a
large amount of bullion," about 9,000,000/. sterling.
This was the effect of the fixed price of gold, which
was thereby rendered the cheapest commodity the
foreigners could take in payment for their goods.
Had it been otherwise, had its price varit d with the
money market, our manufactures would have been
taken in place, and increased employment would
have been occa4loned, but unfortunately our currency
laws prevented this salutary result, that would have
I ahno3t counteracted the evils of a deficient harvest.
But even this large abstraction of bullion would not
)
necessarily havq, produced the orris, had it not been
for the operation of the Act of 1844,
that rendered it necessary, when 7,500,0001. was
drawn from the coffers of the Bank, to withdraw an
equal amount of notes from circulation. This it was
that compelled the directors to put on " the screw ;"
thst obliged them to limit accommodation, and re-
duced prices generally, so as to lead to the great pecu-
niary losses that ensued, to the hoarding of money,
and the run upon the Bank, which terminated the
moment the celebrated letter of the 25th of October
appeared suspendirg the operation of the impolitic
Act of 1844:

This view of the case is confirmed by the evidence
of Mr. SAMUEL GURNEY, the eminent bill-broker,
who, in speaking of the proceedings of the Bank
directors, said—
" Under the Currency Act they found themselves
under the necessity of not only withdrawing their usual
accommodation by way of discount, but of calling in
with a severe and unrelenting hand the loans they had
made upon the security of bills, Exchequer•billa, &c.
The suddenness and severity of this change was forced
upon the Bunk by the Currency Act. Had it not been for
that they would have spread over months what they
felt themselves compelled to do in a few days, to the
serious derangement of the money market and to much
alarming disaster."
Under such circumstances, then, and with such
evidence before us, are we not justified in asserting
" that the monetary crisis was not occasioned by
' over-speculation,' but that it was attributable to the
undue appreciation' in the value of money which
resulted from the unjust and impolitic Acts of 1819
and 1844 ?"

PINE APPLES AND BARONS OF BEEF.-011 the
Lord Mayor's table this evening, on the occasion of
the grand banquet in Guildhall, will be placed two
enormous barons of beef, perhaps the very largest
ever cooked for any similar celebration—ono weigh-
ing no less than 312 lbs. and the other 354 lbs. These
gigantic join's were bred and fed on the estate of the
Earl de Grey, Lord,Lieutenant of Bedfordshire.
Besides these monster dishes of meat, there will also
appear, on the table of the Chief Magistrate, two
huge pine apples weighing 15i lbs., grown in Staf-
fordshire, by the Duke of Sutherland, and for the
production of which a gold medal was awarded on
the 6th instant by the Horticultural Society—the
fruit having, moreover, been recently exhibited in
Regent street, to public admiration. The whole of
the civic banquet will be provided by Mr. Thomas
Younghusband, of Gerard's Hail, making the fourth
successive year in which he has been the caterer to
the grand inaugurative dinner of the Lord Mayor of
the city of London. We believe that this continuous
selection is altogether without a precedent.

ROCHESTER, Nov. 9.—The corporation of this city
have judiciously chosen for their mayor S. Sidden,,
Esq., a gentleman highly qualified for the office,
he being a staunch supporter of the rights and pri-
vileges appertaining to this ancient and loyal place.
We must not omit, however, on this occasion, also
to acknowledge and tender our best thanks to our late
respected mayor, Robert Clements, Esq., who has so
judiciously presided over the civic business during the
last year. In addition to being a man of high
principle and integrity, his general urbanity and
courteous manners render his retirement from office
to be much regretted.

MR. BAPTIST NOEL IN ROME.—It is understood
that Mr. Baptist Noel has proceeded to Rome with the
view of operating with greater effect for the release of
Dr. Achilli. We also learn that Mr. Noel is by no
means secure in his new position in Doughty-street
Chapel. This, we believe, is the property of Mr. Henry
and Lady Harriet Drummond, and it is understood that
upon the demise of Mr. Evans, the use of the chapel will
not be continued to Mr. Noel.—Record.
THREATENED DISSOLUTION OP THE WEST LON•
DON ANTI-INCLOSURE SOCIETY.—In consequence of the
determination of some members of this society to divide
it and its library into St. Pancras and St. Marylebene
13renehes against the will of its founder and secretary,
and Earl Stanhope and other friends and members, a
dissolution of this useful acciety may be expected,
though another and still better society will be formed
in its stead. Already some most valuable presents have
been withdrawn from the library by their donors, and
other withdrawals are expected, so that should a division
of tke library he still insisted on, opponents will not
have much to divide; if otherwise, such books as have
been withdrawn will be restored.

LADY FRANKLIN.—Lady Franklin returned to
town yesterday from the north, to see Sir James Ross
and Sir John Richardson, on their return from their re-
speetiire expeditions. _

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
On Wednesday evening a trial of strength took
place in the National Assembly on the subject of the
National Education Bill, introduced by M. DE FAL-
Loult, when the parti-pretre was beat by a majority of
4in a house of 610 members. On the motion of M.
DUPONT, the Assembly determined by 307 to 303 to
refer the National Education Bill to the Council of
State, which is tantamount to preserving merely the
preamble, and altering the whole character of the
measure by changing every one of its clauses.
The correspondent of a morning contemporary
says, in speaking of this measure—
" This Education Bill was intended to be the great
compact of reconciliation among the different sections
which compose the majority. The clerical party ob-
tained by it all their claims of right to exercise con-
trol over education. The University gave way, and
M. TRIERS and the champions of the exclusive right
of the State to direct colleges and schools abandoned
a cause which they had supported all their lives. The
fruit of this concession was to have been the thorough
union of Legitimists, the parti-pretree, the Orleanists,
and even the Bonapartists. The act itself was con-
sidered the great triumph of M. DE FALLOUT, and the
one for which his adherents felt most grateful.
The restoration of the POPE and the partial sur-
render of education to the clergy were the two
achievements which marked the ascendancy of M.
DE FALLOUT and the Legitimists in the Government.
Their foreign and domestic policy were characterised
by these two measures. M. DE FALLOUT has retired ;
his colleagues have been dismissed ; the message of
the PRESIDENT has shaken the allied parties, and as
the first patent proof of their disruption, we have this
vote of last evening." He thus explains the meaning of
the reference of this measure to the Council of State:—
" The Constituent Assembly passed a resolution by
which all laws should be referred to the Council of
State. The same Assembly also ruled that certain
laws which they called organic should be looked
upon as an app ndix to the Constitution, and
become a part and parcel of that funda-
mental Act. Amongst those laws denominated
organic was this Bill concerning public instruction.
The Constituent Assembly consented, however, to its
own dissolution before it had time to make the
organic laws. The late Ministry having decided that
th Legislative Assembly was entitled to take up the
unfinished work of the Constituent, held that in so
far as the organic laws were concerned there was no
need of reference to the Council of State. That
body, it now appears, thinks otherwise, and ex-
pressed its sense of the slight put upon it by M.
DE FALLOUT, in a letter to the PRESIDENT of the
Assembly, which was not, however, of an official
character. Now, when we consider that the Council
of State was chosen by the Constituent Assembly,
and that it is of a highly Republican character, we
make no strained conclusion when we say that IDE
FALLOUT'S Bill may be expected to return out
of its hands so completely altered—we shall not .say
disfigured—that the parent shall have some diffi-
culty in recognising his offspring. Those who
voted for referring the Bill to the Council of State
know this well, and the triumph of the Republican
and University parties last evening is, in fact, a tri-
umph over the TRIERS, BERRYER, Monr, and MON.
TALEMBERT fractions."
The Ministry ostensibly abstained from interfering,
although it was evident that their desire was that the
measure should be referred to the Council of State.
We congratulate the PRESIDENT, the Ministry, and
France herself; on the result of this division, which
has rescued them from the tyranny of a sacerdotal
obscuratism at once grinding, degrading, and ridi-
culous. They must, however, be on their guard as
they have to do with enemies as unscrupulous as they
are cunning.
Owing to some marks if impatience expressed in
the gallery set apart for the editors of the Paris
papers, the President of the Assembly considered it
his duty to order the attendants to instantly close the
gallery, and the editors were obliged to withdraw.
The following protest, signed by seventeen of the
editors who were present on the occasion, appears in
all the Paris journals of yesterday :
" Aa unheard-of incident occurred at the conclusion
of the sitting yesterday. About five o'clock, just as M.
B:40 was about to address the Assembly, one of those
murmurs which are every day heard from the tribunes
proceeded from that of the editors of journals. Imme-
diately, and without any previous warning, M. Dupin,
the President, ordered one of the ushers to clear the
tribune. All the editors retired. In presence of such
an unjustifiable and unprecedented measure, the press,
justly offended, thinks it its duty to protest in the interest
of its dignity and of its rights."
The semi-official Patrie publishes a letter from St.
Petersburgh of the 27th ult., which states that
explanations having been given to the EMPEROR by a
courier dispatched from Paris on the 15th ult. by the
French Government, that the orders given to the
commanders of the French and English fleets to sail
to the Dardanelles, were the result of a misunder-
standing, and that, moreover, those orders were
given before the answer of the CZAR to FUAD
EFFENDI was known, the CZAR declared himself
satisfied with those explanations, but at the same
time ordered Count NESSELRODE to communicate his
resolution to the Turkish Envoy to the following
efEct :—The EMPEROR will not admit that any
Power has a right to interfere in his differences with
the Porte either as regards the refugees or the pro-
vinces of Wallachia and Moldavia. The measures
respecting these provinces are to be maintained inde-
pendently of any control of the Western Powers.
One serious condition is that, notwithstanding the
treaty of Balta Limen, the EMPEROR is to retain
40,000 men in the Danubian provinces during the
winter. The garrison of Bucharest alone will
consist of 10,000 infantry and 8,000 cavalry. The
advanced guard of the Russian army centered in
Bessarabia moves to the line of the Pruth. Jassy is
also 'to be occupied by a strong garrison, forming
communication with the army in Bessarabia. As a
compensation for these measures, the Turkish
Government may increase the garrisons on the
Danube from Widdin to Silestria. These conditions
have been communicated to the Ambassadors of the
different Powers.
The same journal publishes the following paragraph :
—" The Government has, it is said, just given orders
for one of our steam-frigates to proceed to Portiei, to
be placed at the disposal of the POPE, who, it is said,
appears decided to return immediately to his States,
and will land at Civita Vecchia."
M. AUGUSTE CHEVALIER, brother of M. MICHEL
CHEVALIER, has been named Secretary General of the
Presidency of the Republic, in the place of M. FER-
DINAND BARROT. M. A. CHEVALIER occupied an
important situation in the administration of the Great
Northern Railway.
The Attorney General, ROVER, began his address
to the jury of the High Court of Versailles on the evi-
dence of the witnesses, which had just concluded. He
continued speaking until five o'clock, when the Court
adjourned.
At the meeting of the Assembly yesterday, an
attempt was made by the parti pretre to quash the
vote of the preceding day on the ground of infor-
mality. The attempt, however, only produced them
another defeat of a still more decided character, for
the Assembly passed to the order of the day by a
large majority. M. TRIERS and his clique exclaim
loudly against the bigotted section of the parti pretre,
and talk of the abyss into which M. DE .MONTALEM-
BERT has led them. It is too late now for M.
TRIERS to make these complaints ; he must
take the consequences of his actions, although
we believe he must be by this time con-
vinced that the support which he has given to the
parti-pretre is worse than a fault, it is a mistake,
and a mistake into which we are surprised that one
who knows the temper of his countrymen so accu-
rately as M. TRIERS does, could by possibility have
fallen.
The editcrs of the journals have declined attending
the Assembly until M. Durm shall have apolo-
gised for the insult he put upon them
in ordering their tribune to be cleared. Their tribune
was unoccupied yesterday.
Colonel RIBELLOT has been created a general, and
will be succeeded as Prefect of Police by M. CAR-
LIER.

PARIS BOURSE, THIII!f3DAY, Nov. 8.
The market has become much firmer to-day, and from
the commencement of business kept steadily looking up
to the close, when Threes for the itecount were marked
at 55f. 90e., and Fives, at 88f. 20e. The market
cloud as follows:—Threes, for cash, 55f. 85c.; for se-
count, 55f. 90c.; Fives for cash, 88f. 20c. ; for ac-
count, 88f. 20c; Bank of France Shares, 2,325 f.; Neapo-
litan, 88f.-75c.; Spanish Threes, 35f.; ditto Fives, not
quoted.
RAILWAYS.—The Share Market has also been firmer,
but prices have not materially varied; the turn, however,
has been in favour of sellers. Orleans closed at 730'.;
Rouen, 5251 ; Havre, 230 f.; Avignon, 215 E; Bour-
deaux, 393 f. 75c.; Nsrthern, 430 E; Paris and Stras-
bar;r, 356 f. 25c.; Nantes, 28If. 25e.; Montereau,
102 f. 50e.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TOE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Nov. 8.
Boulogne and Amiens, 5%—Luxembourg, lA—Namur
and Liege, 61/2—Orleans and Bordeaux, 2!4—Paris and
Itouen, 20—Sambre and Meuse, 21/2.

THE PRINCE OF WALES'S BIIITH-DAY.—To- day
being the anniversary of the birth of his Royal Highness
the youthful Heir Apparent, who completes his eighth
year, the auspicious event was celebrated by the bells of
the royal parishes ringing merry peals, and her Majesty's
tradesmen, and many of the inhabitants of Windsor, will
dine together on the occasion. The Heir Apparent will
not attain his majority until the age of eighteen.
TUE lior DUTY.—On Thursday the collection of
the first instalment of the hop duty for 1848 took place
at the George lan, and we understand that the payment
was obtained, in both the bop duty end rent charge,
with more ease than could have been expected, although
some of the farmers said their funds were quite ex-
hausted.—Maidstone Journal.

GERMANY

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA Atill HUNGARY.

The Cologne Gazette says :—" On Ist November
General HArNAu proclaimed the Hungarian consti-
tution at Pesth, and it will now be published through-
out the length and breadth of the land in the respective
languages of the inhabitants ; at the same time Gen.
HAYNAU has proclaimed an amnesty for all minor
political offenders."
The EmrErtort has ordered all domiciliary visits of
the police to be suspended, unless on the warrant of a
criminal tribunal. _ _ _

One of the Vienna journals has been suspended for
having deprecated the punishment of the bastinado.

USSI A.

The relations between Prussia and Neufchatel are
in a train of being amicably arranged ; Neufchatel
will return to the same position as before the re-
volution. England, it is said, has offered her me-
diation.

The First Chamber did not sit on the sth. The
Second Chamber passed the Eastern Railway Bill on
that day.

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.
The Frankfort Gazette des Postes, of the 341, con-
tains an article of an official character, according to
which the Ministry of the Empire has given orders
that the Danish war steamer the Gefion shall be
burnt or blown up sooner than suffer it to fall into
the hands of the Dane=. To this intelligence is sub-
joined a statement of facts which leads the Ministry
of the Empire to apprehend that Prussia will not lend
a hand to prevent this conquered vessel from being
delivered up to the Danes, under the pretext of an
independent Schleswig.
The German Reform, in a letter from Kiel, Nov.
3, says—' The crew of the German frigate Barharossa
arrived here yesterday, and set off to-day for Ecken-
forde, where they will form the crew of the Gefion,
and bring her up to Bremerhaven, to the rest of the
German vessels.

The President of the Assembly of the Duchies of
Schleswig-Holstein, on opening the session at Kiel,
delivered a speech containing an appeal to arms
against Denmark. The deputies of Schleswig were
present in the Assembly, although the armistice for-
bids them. According to the Independance of Brus-
sels, things are fast approaching to a crisis in the two
duchies.

.VIONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTET? TO THREE.
The Cotten market et Liverpool yesterday was active
and closed firm. Prices also were a shade higher. The
sales were cstituated at 15,500 Liles, viz., 9,000 Ameri-
can, 2,500 P,,rnam and Nlarharam. at 6id. to 7d., 1,000
Egyptian at qd to 70., 3,000 Surat, and 80 Sea
Liam!, the latt, r at Is. to Is. skd. per lb. Of the above
nearly 7,000 were taken on speculation.—Railway shares
rct re dull at previous rates.
The Corn market has not varied to-day in any sen-
sible degree.
The business done in the Colonial markets this week
has been large as regards many of the principal staples,
and the grocers and refiners, are coming forward freely
as purchasers of Sugar. In Coffee, Ceylon especially,
there have likewise been extensive dealings. Rice bus
been rather heavy.
The foreign arrivals bring nothing of prominent in-
terest. From Berlin, under date of the 6th inst., we
have the Three-and-a-half per Cent. Russian Bonds
quoted 88k, and at Vienna, on the 3d inst., Austrian
Stock was 94k. The Frankfort accounts of the Bth
quote Austrian 87i. At Amsterdam, on the 7th not
much was done in the funds. The Two-and-a-Half per
Cents. were 53 5-16.
The meeting of railway directors held at the West-
end, with the object of framing a measure that will give
a better system of audit, is in itself so important as
scarcely to need much enforcement ; but, unfortunately,
shareholders are so lax that they require to be
stimulated even in a proper course. The con-
clusion at which every one has arrived is, that
an alteration in the system of account auditing
is imperative, and that if the proprietors do
not take steps to bring it about themselves, Govern-
ment will take the matter out of their hands. One word
we may say, en passant, viz., that any new Bill in Parlia-
ment ought to be made applicable to all companies,
whether railway or other. Even in America railroad
companies, from the over-sanguine views of all parties,
have disappointed people. A New York writer states:—
" We have for some time past been satisfied that our
railroad system was rotten to the very core; that there
were not half a dozen solvent railroad companies in this
country or in Europe; that most of these concerns were
started more for the purpose of filling the pockets of
their originators and a few favourites, than fur any
public benefit, and that they have thus far generally
accomplished the object they had in view. England is
far ahead of us at present in the number of railroad
bubbles; but we doubt if, with all the facts which have
recently come to light, there have been greater frauds,
or a greater number of highly respectable swindlers, in
the railroad management of Great Britain than in this
country."
The English Funds have been rather higher to-day.
Consols 92i to 93 ; and New Three-and-a-Quarter
per Cents. 921 11. Exchequer-bills are 465. to 48s. prem.,
and very firm; and India Bonds have been supported
at 84s. premium.
In the Foreign market there is nothing doing.
Spanish Five per Cents. are 16t; and Peruvian Bonds
have realised 52i, These have been the only bargains.
Mexican are nominally 26 to i; and Portuguese Four
per Cents. 33 to 34.
Shares are very quiet, but on the whole rather firmer.
osili O'CLOCK.
0.!,1+1, or ..RITII3II s I.lllDs FRICES.
Rank Stock
3,per Cent. Reduced A:111$ ... 913474 91%
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 92% 93 93 4,
New 34 per Cent. Anna.— . 9254% 92 f;,,
Long Anne. to expire Jan.lB6o 8% 8 7-16 8 7-16
Ditto, 30 years, Oct. 10, 1859 --16 8 3-16
India Bonds, 1,000/. ....... ...... 84 p 84 p
Ditto under 1,0001..........» B4 p 84 p
Consols for Account 92% 93 93
Exchequer Bills. I%d. & 2d
1,0001. June 4B 46 p 48 p
500/. June
Small. June 45 48 p 48 p
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS osrx CLOSIN,
O'CLOCK. PRICES.

Danish 80nd5,1825,3 per Cent. —
Do., 5 per cent
Do. Bonds ..
Equador Bonds
a, cxican. 5 per Cent. 1846, with Coupons—
Ditto, Ex Jan. Coupons

991 A
33/4

Ditto, Account
Peruvian Bonds, 4 per Cent
I'lussian Bonds ..... -- 107
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840 16% 16%
Ditto, Passive —3%
Dutch 2% per Cent., 12 Guild. .. 53%
Ditto. 4 per Cant. Certificates — 82
Dividends on the above payable in London.
PRICES OF v ~,. BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES. ``''''' AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen
Do. Preference
Amber. Nott., Boston,
and Eastern Junction 6%......
Ayrshire and Galloway.. 7% —
Belfast & County Down 28
Berks & Hants -Extens.
(Gt. West. Per.s per ct.) 6 - 0 .
Birmingham and Ox-
fi rd Junct., calls duly
paid, or with aguaran. 20 .......
Do, withoutguarad!ce 20
Birmin p• , Wolverh'ton,
and Dudley, calls duly
pd, or with guarantee 10 .....
Do. without guarantee 10
Birming.,Wolverh'pton,
and Stour Valley 131. 14s ...
Birkenhead Lancashire,
and Cheshire Juno.... 20
Boston, Stamfd & Birm. 71. 4s.
Bristol and Exeter 9O ....
Ditto, Thirds 27% —
6uckinghamshire
Caledonian ...... ...... 50
Ditto, New 101. Pref... 10
Ditto,ClydesdaleJunc 50
:.. hester and Holyhead... 50
Ditto, Preference l5 - •••
Clarence
Do. Ist Class, 6 per Ct. 10
Do. 2d Class, 5 per Ct. 10
Do. Government Loan,
4 per Cent.
Direct London & Ports-
mouth
Dublin and Belfast June. 40
Dundalk & Enniskillen 27% — ..
East Anglian, 251., L. &
E. and L. and D...... 25
Do. 18/., E. & H..— 18
Do., 3/. 10s,, Pref... 3%
Eastern Conaties... ..... 20 ....„,
.._
....
Do. New, Gun. 6 per ct. 10
Ditto,Extension, 5 per
Cent., No.l 61.135. 4d.... - p.....•••.•••p.............
Ditto ditto,'No. 2...6/, 13s. 4d...
Do. North. & Eastern,
6 per Cent. -
Ditto. 5 per Cent
Do. New ... 43
Eastern Union, Class A
(late E. U. Shores) 25
Ditto, Class A, Oittc... 3% —
Do., Class B (I. & B.) 25
Ditto, Class 0, eitto... '25 .
Do. Scrip (6,ree c,:nt.) 20 ......
East Lancashire 25
Ditto, New
Ditto, New Quarters 614...... ..
Do., 6 per Cent Pre-
ference Quarters ... 614 — .•..•
East Lincolnshire ...... 25
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50
Ditto, Half Shares ... 25 .. .. •••
Edinburgh and Northern 25 —
Ditto. Newport
E,xeter,Yeovil, 4 Dorch 25,,, —

Exeter and Exmouth... 21s.
GIL sgow, Dumfries, and
Carlisle
Glasgow,Kilma.r , & Ayr 50 —
Do.Preferenee Consol.
Great Northern
Do., 'y2 A Deferred
Do., 1/2 B 6 per Cent... 7% —
Do., 5 per Cent. Pref. 10
;mat south. and West.
( Ireland) ... 47IA .....•
Urdat North of England.loo ...... —. ...
Ditto, New, 40/ 4O
Ditto, ditto
Ditto, New, 30/ 3O
Ditto, New,lsl l5 .. .. ..
Great Western 100 ...... 621 i
Ditto, 4 Shares 5O ...... ... ........ ~
Ditto, 14 Shares
Ditto, Fifths .......
Ditto, New 171........ 15 ...
Hull and Selby .. ...... 50
Ditto, Half Shares ... 25.

12

7
11%

-
521/2

7%
3

1114
1134
714
463%

Do. Quarter Shares... 12% — •••
Lancaster and Carlisle... 50 ......
Ditto, Thirds
Lancashire & Yorkshireloo
Do. do. M. B. $ 8... 98
Ditto, ditto •
Ditto, 14 Shares
Do. Quarters
Do. Fifth 5............... 10
Do. Thirds ...... . 1614 —
Do. New Guaranteed
6E er Cent..... ...... 10
Do. Liverp. and Bury 49
Ditto (Huddersfield
and Sheff.) 5O
Do. (W. Riding Union) 10 .....
Do. (Preston & Wyre) 25
Do. 14 Shares (A)... 10
Leeds and Bradford 5O
96% •••••••••••• 96%
Leeds and Thirsk 50
•••
Do., Prefer., 6 per Ct. 5
_ Do., Pref. Quar., 18 IS 9

13%

Liverpool, Crosby and
Southport ... 10
London & Black wa11...11/. 6a. 3d...
London, Brighton, an
South Coast... 10) ...... 73%
Do., New 54, guaran-
teed 6 per Cent 100
Do. Gaarant. 5 per ct.. 9
Do. Prefer. 5 per cent. 50
Ditto, ditto 1852 50 .

7334

10 i/ii

L, ndonandGreenwich 12/15s 4d .._ ..... ....
Ditto, Prefer.r.r. _ . 20
London and N. Western 100 ..... 114 114,4 .. 113.1
Ditto, New Quarters.. 12
Ditto,Fift4l.:
Do. 401.Shares(L. M.) 35 .....•
Do. 10/. (M. & B.) C. 1 ..... .. .....
Lond..lrS Western ..... 50 ••••- •—•
Ditto, New 501. ...... 421,4...... • .....
Do. Now 40'
Do., New Scrip, 1E43,
Pzef. 7 per Cent. ... 5 ...... . .....
Lendondcrry &C:Aeraine 25
Do. Va Shares .. 5
Londonnerz j and Ennrz-
kitlen...... .. ..... - ... ... 25
Do. ' Shares
_ 1/9 5

Lowesto.ff guar. 4 per et 20 .............
Ditto (6 p.m et.)
Manohe,ter,i3uston,and
atlock...
Manchester, Sheffield,
and Lincolnshire 100
Do. Quarters (No. 1) 23
„•
Ditto ditto (No. 2)... 25 -

5 000000 - •• ••• 00000000

Do.', Shares (No. 3) 12
Do. New 101. Prof..— 10 ~,,
Ditto, Gt. Grimsby ... 59
OO 000
Ditto ditto . 19
Ditto ditto 117,, ......
Di t N Sheffield and
Lincolnshire, ..... •••
Do., Grimsby Dock... 25
DoDo. Manchester arid
~
UniOn. 41. 2s
•••
DI cl?Ld .. ..... 1(1)
Do. Consolidated Prcf.loo
Do., do., 504 Shares 30 ...
Do. Bien., and Derby 10('
Do. Consol. Bristol and

47%
8%

Birming., 6 per ct.... 100
Ditto, Brist. & Glocar. 42
Ditto ditto ...
Do.,ErewashVal.,Pi .c. 50
Ditto, Leieest.& Swan-
nington, 8 per ct. guar.loo -
Midland Great Western
Irish

ISliddlesbro' and Redcar,
6 per cant. guar.
Newcastle and Caril3le.loo
Do. Quarters
Newmarket
Do. Extension
. •
cwport, Abergavenny, !.
end Hereford • 6 ••••••
Newry and Enniskillen 7
Newry, W arrenpoint,

and hostrevor
Norfolk ...... 100 _—
Do. New 20/. .. l5

Do. Guaranteed 5 p ct. 20
Do. Guaranteed 51,.. pc. 5
..
Do. do. Waveuey ,al. 2 ...... . —.
Northern CountieUnion 4 ..... ...... ...-.
North 8riti5h............ 25 ..... 11%... ..... ..... 11%
Ditto, Halves ..
Ditto, Quarters
Ditto, Thirds .... .. .. 8 -di .. .. --...—.
__ .

Ditto Preference
North Staffordshire ... 171,2 84% ............ 8
Sorth Wales . 3% —
North-Western . lnt . . „
uxterd, Worcester, and
Wolverhampton ...... 50
Reading, Guildford, and
Reigate
Royston and Hitchin ... 44 43/....... . ...
Scottish Central
Scottish Midland

4%

Ditto, New
Shrewsbury and Birm l2
Ditto ditto, Class B. 8
Ditto, New Guaranteed 8
Shrewsbury and llerefd. 4
Shrewsbury & Chester
(Nor. W. Min.)
Ditto Halves ... ditto 9
Ditto Wwestry 181/2 —
Ditto New
Do. 8 per Cent. Pref lO
Shropshire Union -
Jouth Devon
Do. Preference
South Staffordshire B% — ......
South Eastern .. 331/0 lB% .
Do., No. Y.
Do., No. 3 ....... ..... 30
Do., Registered No. 4 10
Do., Scrip No 4
South aies
Guth Yorkshire, L'on-
caster, and Goole l2
Sheffield, Rotherham, &
Goole (N. Div.) Gua-
ranteed 5 per cert. 16% — ......
Do. do (Sou. Div.) ... 5
& Looglior & Ca-
meron's Stm. Coe]

1.... 7 -

18%

6%
1654

raw Vale Extensioa ... 8
!lames Haven Dock
and Ra"way ..... ... 17%
Vale of Neath ..... . 8 4....•
Naterford and li"kenny ro ......
Witt,Jr_oid and Limei,ei 47%..... —. .....
ifiratend,Wxtrd,Wici'm
and Dublin
Wear Valley 6 per C ,n'.
Guekantee 1 ... .. ...... 60
Do. dr. do. ... 25
Do. do. do. ... 15 ..... ..... ... , —
West Cornwall ..... .... 6 ... .. —.
tV bit&eaven & Furness 18
Windaor, Staines, and
South Western ..... ... 14 -
4 ilts,Somerset,& Wey-
mouth 45
York, Newcastle, and
Berwick. ...... ......... 25
Do. Newcastle Exten, 20 -
Do. G.N..E.Preterence 8 ...
Do. Hartlepool Dock
and Railway 100
... .•• .
York gr.d .N orth Midland 50
Ditto. Preference lO
FOREIGN KA IL WAYS.
Anglo Italian (late Ita-
lian and Austrian). ... 5%
Boulogne and Ain;r-is... 20 ......
Central of France (Or-
leans and Vierzon)... 20 • - -
Demerara 17% — ... —
Dutch Rhenish ......... 8 ...
East Indian ..„ 314 3%... .. 3%
Great Indian Peninsular 5
Do. Do. ... .... 10s.
Louvain kla Sambre ... 7%
Luxembourg -
Ditto -- lO
Madrid and Valentia... 2
Namur and Liege ...... 20 ... .. GU.— 63‘
Northern of France l4l. 85... dis ..... ...... .... dui
Orleans and Bordeaux
Paris and Orleans ...... 20 ..... .... ...... ..
Paris and Rouen .... 2O ...... ... ...........
Paris and Strasbourg ... 12
Rouen and Havre ...... 2U
Sambre and Meuse 2O ... .„
Strasbourg and Basle
Fours and Nante5........ 13 ......

Tourney, Jurbise, .i..an-
den, and Hasselt .....;
30
WFlanders ..... ..... •••
Ditto ..
JOINT STOOLi BANKS.
. _

Australasia • - 40 ......
British North American 50
Colonial 25
Commercial of London 20
London Joint 5t0ck...... 10
London & Westminster. 20 ........

National Prov. England. 35
Ditto New....... ...... 10
National of Ireland 22%...... ..- ....... -..
Provincial of Ireland
Ditto New ..... ..... 10 - .....
,

6
9k4

2514

Union of Australia
Ditto,New.... ..... ..... 21/,...... .
Union of L0nd0n......... 10 ...... ... • ... ..•
Union of Madrid 40 —
MINES.

26

Santiago de Cuba... lO - ••• •• .. ..... ••
United Mexican 281,4 414

~...
414

LLOYD'S SHIPPING—(THIS DAY.)
LONDON, Nor. 9.—Wind this day at noon, S.S.W.,
moderate bret ze and dull, cloudy weather.
DEAL, Nov. B.—Wind, W. to W.N.W.—Arrd. a
barque, Hobart Town; Culloden, Ferguson, Calcutta;
Promise, Retallick (supposed), Quebec. Arrd. from the
River, Golden Spring, Spittall, Bombay ; Ostrich,
Parker, Madras; Trent, Peterkin, Ceylon; P. Dean,
Lovett, River Gambia; Zingari, Petter, Boston.
OFF THE WIGHT, Nov. B.—Arrd. Elliotts, Quebee,
Hull.

:30UTHAMPTON, Nov. B. Wind;'W.—Arrd. Alacrity,
Quebec.
__

POOLE, Nov. B.—Wind, W.—Acrd. John Thompson.
Seaman, Quebec.

LIVERPOOL, Nov. B.—Wind, W.S.W.—Arrd. 7th,
Aberdeen, Hows, Quebec. Bth. Equity, Nason, New
Orleans • Delhi, Young, St. Andrew's, New Brunswick;
Elizabeth Grimmer, Grant, St. Stephen's, New Bruns-
wick; .L.hu Hamilton, Walker, Dalhousie; Larch,
Wilson, Quebec; Sir Charles Napier, Feare, Quebec;
Ellen Jenkinson, Brightman, Africa, sailed from Trade
Town Sept. 8. Sld. Agnes, Aden; America, New Yotk;
Queen of tho West, New York; Philadelphia, New York.
The Andrew White brig, a derelict, was passed on
the sth instant, lat. 51, long. 13, by the Equity, Nason,
at this port. Off Port, Wallace, Quebec; Catherine
ship, -.

SUNDERLAND, Nov. 7.—Wind S.W.—Arrd. Welcome,
Thompson, Quebec; Robert Henry, Brown, Quebec.
WHITBY, Nov. B.—The Providence, of this port, and
the Defiance, of Hartlepool, have gone on Runswick
Reach, but likely to be got off.
HOLYHEAD, Nov. 7. The Theobald Mathew,
stranded yesterday on the west side of Salt Island, has
been assisted off, and anchored in our harbour, with
damage to her forefoot.

YARMOUTH, Nov. B.—The Newark, Stockton to
London, came into harbour this day leaky, has been
laid on the ground to stop the leak, which has been
discovered.