The Sun.
London, England, 1836-03-05 00:00:00

Zrble

LONDON,
SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 5, 1836.

The Tories will make a vigorous attempt on Mon-
day next, when the Irish Corporation Bill goes into
Committee, to extract all that is good in the measure,
and leave nothing but that which is worth nothing.
Sir IL PEEL, and Lord STANLEY—ominous conjunc-
tion for both !—will of course take the lead ; and en-
deavour, by clubbing together all the tact and inge-
nuity they possess, to make something like a success
ful stand. And this they will do, on the plea of pro-
moting Reform, especially as regards Ireland, whose
interests, they will roundly assert, cannot be so ably,
or so cheerfully advocated as by the Conservative
party. The Right Hon. Baronet, in particular, will
protest, in his most solemn and plausible manner, that
he has ever been among the sincerest friends of Ireland;
that he only upheld the Orange system because he felt it
was for her benefit, though she herself might not know
it ;.and call Heaven to witness—for nothing is more
easy than to anticipate the declarations of common-
place—that in pursuing his present course of conduct,
he is swayed by no party considerations ; no, he
holds all such unworthy motives in the loftiest con-
tempt ; but is influenced solely by his zeal for
the general good of the sister-country. Following
the tone of his leader, Lord STANLEY will protest
with equal energy, that he is disinterested to a like
extent ; that no rancorous feeling towards O'CoN-
NELL induces him to oppose a measure to which he
has tendered his support ; but that an overpower-
ring sense of patriotism is his sole guide of
ac-
tion. Of course the whole Conservative squad
will lay claim to precisely the same amount of high-
souled disinterestedness as these two guiding Oracles ;
just as when a few foremost sheep take a flying leap
over a low gate or ditch: the whole herd follow, care-
less whither they go, provided it be in the track of
their leaders. But this parade of superior patriotism
on the part of the Tories will not deceive the House ;
still less will their desperate combination affright them.
They know we* what " disinterestedness" means,
when proceeding from Conservative lips ; and that the
phrase " patriotism" is neither more nor less than a
specious mode of concealing the agonised sensibilities
of a Conservative pocket. Your true Tory is sincere
only in his desire to wriggle himself into place. All
other sincerity he flings to the winds. He swears, not
by the Constitution, but by the loaves and fishes. He
pays allegiance to his Sovereign, not as the father of
his subjects, but as the pleasant fountain whence all
honour and promotion flow. Believe in the fictions of
a Munchausen—in the love of a coquette—or the in-
scription on an epitaph—but never believe in the
patriotism or disinterestedness of a Conservative. Had
this party possessed the slightest spark of either, they
would not have placed themselves in bailie, array
against the very best measure—Catholic Emancipation
itself not excepted—that has ever yet been projected
for the good of Ireland. For what, as a primary ob-
ject, does the Corporation Bill propose to itself ?
Why this, to give fair play to Catholic and Protestant ;
to see that the one is not unduly elevated, nor the
other unduly depressed. Moreover, it extracts by the
roots the incredib!e municipal abnses that have afflicted
the sister-country for centuries—abuses, the existence
of which, in a most aggravated form, even the Tories
themselves do not deny. Why then, you will ask, do
these men oppose such a beneficial measure ? Simply
because it is beneficial; and because, being so, it gives
the Ministers who have originated it, a hold on the

confidence of the people, which no Conservative intri-
gues will henceforth be able to unsettle. Once pass
the Municipal Bill, argues this reckless faction, and
Ireland is lost to us for ever. Let us then make a bold
stand against it. It is our last chance ; and we have

this advantage attending a prompt and energetic decla-
ration of hostility, that the House of Lords will be
with us, almost to a man. There, at least, we
are sure of unequivocal support. And the Con-
servative's are right ; for there can be little or no
question that their Lordships will • set themselves
steadfastly to oppose a measure, which ranks Mr.
O'CONNELL among its staunchest supporters. So con-
vinced are we of this, that we almost regret that the Hon.
and Learned Member did not make a show of violent
opposition to the Irish Corporation Bill ; for then there
would have been some probability of its being looked
on with an eye of favour by our hereditary legislators.
However, all this is premature, and we will not be the
first to anticipate disaster. Our business at present is
with the House of Commons. Let there be a strong
mustering of. all the Reform forces on Monday ;
let none hesitate ; none be luke-warm ; none abstain
from attendance in his place in Parliament ; for the
Conservative and STANLEY factions having combined,
it is more necessary than ever that the Reformers put
forth all their strength. As for the specious amend-
ments of Sir R. PEEL, we are convinced that no true
friend to good Government will put faith in them for
an instant. Let those who are inclined to believe, re-
member the Tamworth Manifesto, and be decided. Let
them also indulge in a salutary recollection of the
hustings, and of the intense anxiety with which their
constituents are keeping watch upon their movements.
The people have not been lulled into indifference by
the last month's calm. Far otherwise. They have
regarded, and still regard it, as but the calm that pre-
cedes the hurricane, and are of course solicitous that
their Representatives should be fully prepared to en-
counter the coming tempest.

The unanimity which prevailed in the House of
Commons last night, when the Navy Estimates • were
under consideration, augurs well for the country.
Still we think an increase of five thousand men insuf-
ficient for the defence of this country against the
aggressive policy of Russia. We want a large and
an efficient fleet ; and to maintain one adeqbate to
the national dignity the country is willing to make any
sacrifice. But the main evil of our past policy has
been this :—The Navy has been partially sacrificed to
the maintenance of a large standing Army—a force
seldom useful for any good purpose, and always dan-
;erous to the liberties of the people.' Her Army
never can be an object of pride to England; her Fleet,
well maintained, can never be other than her chief
bulwark against every danger that may assail her—
her right arm in war, and the watchful and in-
trepid guardian of her honour in peace. We repeat
that we consider the increase of five thousand men to
the naval force of England, under our present peculiar
and precarious circumstances, as much too small. 1
Fact double the number, at least, is wanted at the pre-
sent moment. We entirely concur in the praises be-
stewed by the Hon. Member for Middlesex, Mr.
HumE, on the manner in which the navy esti-
mates have been drawn up. The manifest
care which is bestowed in the classification of the
various items, renders fraud in any department
ilmost impossible ; nor can the country over-estimate
the service done to it by the Government in a
measure which concerns the pockets of every man in
',he British empire.
In one word, there is not only unanimity of opinion
in Parliament, but throughout the country, with re-
spect to the necessity of a large augmentation of our
naval force. Even Lord JOHN RUSSELL admitted
that Russia all but menaced us by the superiority of
her fleet in the Black Sea.

The insults heaped upon the Governments of Eng-
land and France by the perfidious and repeated viola_
tions of the Treaty of Vienna, are so glaring that
Europe views with astonishment the martyr-like pa-
tience with which the Whigs, the Tories, and the
Doctrinnaires endure their infliction. " The down•.
fall of Poland," say the advocates of the peace-pre-
serving system, " was a most unfortunate—a most dis-
astrous event. But how could it have been prevented
We were ourselves on the very brink of a revolution,
in consequence of the obstinacy of the Borough-mon-
gers, who, by refusing to pass the Reform Bill, pro-
duced in the public mind a state of anarchy ❑ever
equalled in a season of proffiund peace. No
Minister would have dared to propose a war with
Russia without laying himself exposed to the
charge of having bartered away the rights of the
people. And as to France, the nation had enough to
do in effecting the expulsion of CHARLES X. Rus-
sia took advantage of our difficulties and dangers at
home, to annihilate the independence of Poland. The
evil is beyond remedy, but henceforth care will be
taken to prevent her further aggressions." Supposing
a justification of our past conduct (for we here iden-
tify Ministers with the nation) could be pleaded upon
the force of these circumstances ; what shall we say to
the occupation of the free city of Cracow on the 11th
ult., by an Austrian army, in the name of the Impe-
rial and Royal Governments of Austria, Russia, and
Prussia ? Are Ministers now labouring under any
domestic embarrassments on the score of public opi-
nion ? Are our affairs at home so very pressing, and
in such danger from delay, that a Minister would be
justified in apprehending a popular impeachment, were
he to denounce the repeated violations of the treaty
of Vienna as a grave offence against the dignity of the
British Crown and nation ? Have Ministers any rea-
son to suspect that the country is now indisposed to a
war with Russia, even with no view ulterior to the re-
suscitation of the Polish nation ? We are here pre-
suming, though without just cause, that the CZAR'S
aggressions in the East are overlooked by the mass of
the British people.

We have heard it urged in defence of the occupa-
tion of Cracow by the three Powers, that, according
to the 9th Article of the Treaty of Vienna, the Free
City is bound not to afford an asylum to refugees fly-
ing from justice in these States. This is true ; but
by no means a justification of the outrage complained
of. We shall prove this by a simple statement of
facts :

First—The exiled Poles resident in Cracow were
not amenable to any tribunal in Austria, Russia, or
Prussia : neither had they violated any law of these
nations. This is proved by the very words of the pro-
clamation of General KAUFFMAN, which calls upon
the Senate- to render them up, not to trial, but to ar-
bitrary banishment to the United States of America.
Secondly—Had the Poles been guilty of any poli-
tical crime incurring the penalty of expatriation, the
Governments of Austria, Russia, and Prussia could
not legally pursue them beyond their own respective
territories, especially when the fulfilment of the sen-
tence was an act of free volition, sanctioned by the
Governments, on the part of the accused. Thus there
is no sort of analogy between the cases of two persons,
one of whom is ordered to quit the kingdom in so
many hours, and the other sentenced to transportation
to a penal settlement. Upon the person of the former
the Government ceases to have any hold the moment
he efosses the extreme boundary ; neither can he be
way whatever so long as he remains in
very utmost was the case of the
emxoillee.sterrd aanty
the

Poles resident at Cracow. And it is clearly a direct
breach of the law of nations to violate the sanctity
of the asylum which they had chosen.
Thirdly—France and England—joint interpreters of
the treaty of Vienna—had solemnly declared that the
Poles had not been guilty of the crime of rebellion
consequently, the conduct of the three Northern
Powers is an insulting and contemptuous reversion of

their judgment.
Fourthly—The 9th article of the Treaty of Vienna
expressly stipulates, that under no circumstances
whatsoever shall any armed force enter the " free, in-
dependent, and strictly neutral" town of Cracow ; an
article which is grossly and wantonly violated by the
three Powers under the most aggravating circumstances
of positive disregard of the Governments of France
and England. It is quite evident, that in the event of
a breach of the neutrality imposed by the treaty upo
the Senate of Cracow, the three Northern Powers
could not take any steps against the Republic, without
having previously obtained the direct sanction of the
Cabinets of London and Paris.

We pass over the order of the Northern Powers for
the expatriation of the Poles to America—a country in
which neither of 'them possess a rood of territory.
This in itself is a direct infraction of the law of
nations, and would justify a declaration of war against
Austria, Russia, and Prussia, on the part of the
United States.

It is easy to discover the motives which have in-
duced the Governments of Austria and Russia to
enter into this conspiracy. against the liberties of Cra-
cow. Neither of them can rest an hour in peace so
long as a shadow of Polish liberty remains to uphold
them with their treachery. And together with their
fixed determination to eradicate every trace of Polish
independence, which evil design formed the chief bond
of their infernal union, they secretly wish to impress their
subjects with a conviction that they are able to despise
and trample upon the menaces of the free Governments
of Western Europe. The CZAR is particularly anxious
on this point, because he knows that it will treble his
ascendancy in the East. There is not an Oriental
State in which NESSE!, RODE has an emissary, in
which the occupation of Cracow by the Imperial army,
will not be blazoned forth as a triumph obtained by
Russia over the boasted free Governments of England
and France. Nor need it excite surprise, if the re-
port of such an incontrovertible fact should have a
powerful influence in the Councils of MEHEMET ALI
and the PORTE, provided that Great Britain and
France are content to accept of some trumped up story
of a conspiracy, as a sufficient apology for the infrac-
tion of a solemn treaty.

In the conduct of Austria on this occasion
we perceive a confirmation of the EMPEROR'S ru-
moured dislike of the policy of Prince METTERNICII.
FERDINAND must have discarded the admonitions of
his veteran Minister, when he consented to become
a tool in the advancement of the ambition of Nlcuo-
LAs ; for it is inconceivable that METTEnNictr, who
was the only enemy of the CZAR in 1828, should now
embrace the views of the Autocrat at the ultimate
hazard—possibly ruin—of Austria.
Terminate as it may, the occupation of Cracow will
be fatal to the moral influence of France and Eng-
land, unless these Powers resolve to make an example
of the Autocrat. Nothing short of an actual demon-
stration of France will be of any avail. England can
be at no loss for either means or opportunities of con-
vincing the CZAR that his best policy is not to pro-
voke the just vengeance of a British people. Retalia-
tion is in our power. Let us declare Poland a free
and independent Kingdom, and the barbarian imperial
edifice, reared by treachery, and cemented by blood,
will crumble into dust before the expiration of five
years. This is our true policy—the only policy wor-
thy of a British KING, Parliament, and People.

Another proof of the love of fair dealing that charac-
terizes the Conservatives, was exhibited last night in
the House of Commons. On Mr. WALLACE'S pro-
posing to print the petitions which he had presented
from Carlow, with the votes of the House, these men
clamoured loudly against such a proposition. It was,
forsooth, unjust to circulate ex parte statements !
And why was it unjust ? Because the petitions in
question told against the conduct of the Conservative
landlords in Carlow I Had they, on the contrary,
told against the Reformers in that county, then it
would have been perfectly just to print them ; and had
they reflected on the character of Mr. O'CoNNEL 1, in
particular, then it would not only have been just, but
absolutely indispensable, to give them the utmost pos-
sible circulation. Such is a Tory's notion of justice.
All is right that tells in his favour—all wrong that
tells against him.

Letters and Papers from Madrid to the 26th ult.
have been received. The elections were going on
peaceably and favourably for the Liberal party. Ma-
laga was the only exception, where on the 21st the
populace, headed by some of the National Guard, were
clamorous to have the returns for that town set aside.
This disorderly and unjust proceeding was very pro-
perly checked at the outset by the Governor, who ex-
plained to the people that if they felt dissatisfied they
might petition the Cortes against the return. With
this they were satisfied : and no further attempt was
made to disturb the public tranquillity.
A fire broke out in the Palace in Madrid on the
morning of the 24th. It originated in one of the
vaults where there was a large quantity of wax candles,
and immediately under the suite of apartments occupied
by the Infante DON FRANCISCO DE PAULO. After
burning for three hours, it was extinguished, without
doing much damage to the building. The total loss is
computed at 3,000,000 florins, including the costs of
repair.

The arrival of Prince CHARLES of NAPLES at
the Court of his sister, the QUEEN REGENT, has
caused some sensation in Madrid. It is asserted that
the marriage of the Prinee with Miss PENELOPE
SMYTH has been already solemnized. _ _ .

M. IsTurtiz has joined the MENDIZABAL Cabinet.
His appointment has not yet been Gazetted ; but he
has signified his readiness to accept the Portefeuille
for Foreign Affairs, previously presented to him by
M. MENDIZABAL. The QUEEN has also been
pleased to appoint the Archbishop of TOLEDO and
the Duke DE RIVAS to the Presidency and Vice-
Presidency of the Chamber of Peers during the ensuing
Session of the Cortes.
The Carlist rebel BATANERO had made his escape
at the head of 200 of his followers, to the mountains
of Soria, pursued by the troops under command of Ge-
neral QUESADA.
MENDIZABAL Will be elected by the capital, and
it is thought by several other places in different parts
of the Kingdom. The accounts from the north are
very favourable. On the 26th it was announced in the
Gazette that the Valley of Salazar in the Basques had
risen in defence of the QuEEN's cause. The Carlists
have completely failed in their attempts to carry the
war into Arragon.

We have received the whole of the Papers of Thurs-
day, in which we find nothing but a collection of Mi-
nisterial gossip, as idle as it is indifferent. The new
Cabinet is greatly puzzled to discover its own strength
in the Chambers, of which it rather dreads to make a
decided trial. Nevertheless, matters go on smoothly
enough. It is reported that M. PERSIL has dis-

pleased the KING by declining the honour of the
Peerage.
PARIS, MARCH 3.—A letter from Toulon, of Feb. 26, says—
" For some days past the-mountains about Toulon have been
covered with snow. During the course of last night, we had
a ♦iolent thunder storm, with torrents of rain and hail. Hap-
pily the winter has been so severe, as to keep back the vegeta-
tion, and the olive and orange trees have not yet suffered any
injury."
On Sunday M. Thiers had a great number of Deputies to
dinner at the Hotel of the Foreign Department. It was re-
marked that most of the persons invited voted against the laws
of September, and that there was not one of those who voted
for the adjournment on the proposition of M. Gouin.—llles-
sager, March 3.

FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIS, MARCO 3.
Five per Cents., 110 f. 10c. 15c. sc. 10c.
Four per Cents., 1041.
Three per Cents., Bsf. 90c 81f.
National Loan, 109 f. 90c.
Rank Actions, 2,1551. 2,152 f. 50c.
Rente de Naples, 99f. 80c. 75c. 85c.
Roman Five per Cents., 1035/4504.
Spanish Actives, 46 %4.
Spanish Differes, 23.
Spanish Passives, 15%
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents, 103% 104.
Haytian Loan, 3951.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, -c. -c.; money 25f. 50c.
Three mouths, paper, 25f. 35c.; money, 25f 35c
- t 05, rs Arthen/i2ue.
BOURSE, THREE O'CLOCK.-The Rentes are improving
rapidly. No reason is assigned for this, excepting that two
eminent brokers have made large purchases for the end of this
month. The Three per Gents. opened at 81f. 10c., and have
been done at 81f. 30c. ; hut the price has receded to 81f.
25c. The Spanish securities are stationary, little business is
doing in them. Prices as yesterday.
QUARTER TO FOUR.-Five per Cents., 110 f. 45c. ; Three
per Cents., 81f. 30c. ; Five per Cents. Spanish, -; Three
per Cents. Spanish, - • Cortes, -; Coupons, -; Gueb-
bards, -; Differes, ISR ; New Loan, -; Actives, 46i- ;
Passives, 15-'4 ; Ducats, 100 -; Romans, 1031 ; Pedros, -;
Belgians, 104 ; ,Dutch, -f. -c. ; Haytians, 395 f. -c. ;
114iguels, -; Brabant Bank, -; Belgian Bank, 141; Con-
tinuation, -c. ; New Differes, 23; Five per Cent. Perpc-
tuelles, -; Royal Loan,
HAMBURG BORSEN HALLE, Maitcit 1.
FOREIGN FUNDS. Bills. Monev.
Austrian Metalliques, 5 per cent.
Ditto ditto 4 per cent.
Ditto ditto :3 percent.
Ditto Bank Shares 1361 1359
Russian 5 per cents. Metal.
Anglo-Russian Loan
Paper Inscription, 6 per cent.
Itu,aian Inscription, Hope anti Co., 3d and 4th
Series
Ditto, Certificates

Portuguese Regency Bonds. 5 per cent Bl - —.-
Ditto, 3 per cent 5l
Dutch 2y, per Cents.
Ditto 5 per Cents —
Polish Bonds, 3 per cents.
A nglo_Danisli Loan, 3 per cents 7414 7-1%
Norwegian Loan of 1834, 4 per cents. '
Spanisl, in piastres, 3 per Cents —
Cortes loan, 5 per Cent
Greek 4 per cents. 15:33, guaranteed by France
EXCHANGES ON LONDON.
ItAmituito, MARcii 1.-1310• ; two months. 13914'
CHRISTIANIA, Feu. 2a.—Three months, 5 10.
SrocKlitiLm, Fee. 'XI—Two months, 6 28%.
Sr. PETELSBURGH, Fes. 19 —Three months, 10 31-64.
Di•iiti.trs, FBA, 2`.—Three m-onths, 6. 28%
—Hamburg Papers, March 1. •

DUBLIN ELECTION COMMITTEE.-
(THIS DAY.)

The law argument on the case of Thomas Walsh, a voter
in arrear for the Paving Tax for the year 1835, was this morn-
ing resumed, and- Mr. Austin argued that a demand by the
Collector was necessary before the voter could be disqualified
from voting. It appeared that no demand had been made.
The Committee then retired to consider the question.
The Committee, after an hour's deliberation, came to the
following resolution :—" That it appears to this Committee that
notice of liability or demand of payment is not by law indis-
pensable[to the disqualification of a voter for the city of Dublin,
where such voter is in arrear for the paving rate for more than
six months."

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.

OLD COURT.

George Cottle was indicted for stealing a service of plate,
valued at 501., the property of Ann Hodson.
The LEARNED JUDGE summed up, and the Jury returned a
verdict of Guilty.