The Sun.
London, England, 1836-11-15 00:00:00

the FREIVH to unite in this measure along with
Great Britain. In the warmth of the instant Louis
PHILIPPE suffered some hasty expression to escape
him, and M. TRIERS confident that France could not
do without him, and that ere many months he would
be borne into office on the shoulders of the deputies, in-
sisted on giving in his resignation. His successor,
Count MOLE, was no stranger to the calculations of the
incensed ex-President of the Council, and he adroitly
commenced his career by doing all in his power to
ruin the reputation of TRIERS. With this view he com-
menced a quarrel with the Swiss Directory, and when
an outcry was raised against him, he very skilfully
threw the whole blame upon his predecessor, who had
compromised the dignity of France. Where there
could be no doubt as to the unjust severity of the laws
sanctioned by M. THIERS, as in the case of the
Press, and the punishment of political offenders,
M. MOLE took especial care to soften their ri-
gour in the execution, thereby leaving it to be in-
ferred that M. THIERS was the real author and
abettor of all unconstitutional oppression. The
ex-Minister grew alarmed for his reputation ; he
found that France was, after all, quite indifferent as
to where he might pass his leisure hours ; on the first
report of an insurrection at Strasburg he left Italy,
travelling day and night in order to reach the capital,
in time to mix up his name in some way or other with
clemency to the guilty, or a more than ordinary devo-
tion to the person of the King. He arrived too late.
M. MOLE had been before-hand with him in adjusting
the whole affair ; so that all THIERS could do was to
profess a willingness to support Ministers, now that the
safety of the State was declared to be in peril. The
Minister received him with a good grace, and with an
insincerity equal to his own, assured him that the Go-
vernment expected everything from his pure patrio-
tism, great talents, and enlightened influence in the
Chambers.

The great struggle-will be between THIERS and
MOLE. The KING will naturally support the present
Premier; but as he dreads the insolence of THIERS,
should be be constrained to recal him, he will
carefully abstain from mixing himself up with either
of them in any public way. Besides the KING and
THIERS know each other too well to make it prudent
for them to provoke inquiry into the pat ticulars of their
past relationship. Had LOUIS PHILIPPE trusted
THIERS less, his MAJESTY could afford to be less
scrupulous, in openly opposing him with all the in-
fluence which he derives from the regal dignity. But,
like most very clever men, the KING imagined it would
be very easy to divest himself of agents when
his objects were accomplished. THIERS, however,
is not a man to be so employed and discarded. He is
not a mere tool like PERSIL; nor is he like MOLE,
capable of being tongue-tied from a sense of personal
honour. The KING now knows and feels this, and
though he detests the Ex-Minister, he cannot divest
himself of the apprehension that nothing would be
more dangerous than to provoke his hostility. THIERS
awaits with impatience the commencement of the Ses-
sion, convinced that a triumph equal to that of M.
NECK ER awaits him.

There are few incidents of any moment in these
journals. It will be seen by our extracts from them
that Prince Louis NAPOLEON passed through Paris
on Friday night on his way to Havre, whence he is to
be shipped off to America. On the 6th inst. the siege
of Bilboa had not been recommenced:; but the Carlists
were making preparations to move against the town.
The rebels are busily employed raising fortifications at
Estella, Elisondo, Vero, and Urdache. The com-
munication with Bilboa, by the river, is reported to be
open, the Carlists having entirely failed in their at-
tempts in this direction, owing to the presence of a
British vessel which had approached the town during

the siege.

We copy the following letter, on the subject of the
wrongs inflicted upon the Polish refugees by the Prussian
Government, from the columns ofiMorning Contempo-
rary. Prussia has latterly distinguished herself by the
freaks of her agents at Cracow, and her base attempts
to stir up Russia to declare the political extinction of
the Republic :

Sir,—A Polish officer who has lately escaped from
Prussia, and whose veracity may be implicitly relied upon,
has sent to the Polish Committee the following account,
which I beg to communicate to you, in the first belief that
you will hold it up to the indignation of the British public,
and urge it on the attention of your Government :
The world believes that Prussia , which has mainly con-
tributed to the untimely end of the Polish revolution, has
at last faithfully executed the engagements which she has
entered into to allow the Polish refugees to leave unmo-
lested her territory. At the present hour there are in the
fortress of Graudentz (Grudziaz) 177 Polish non-commis-
sioned officers and soldiers, employed in the hardest labours,
and subjected to the most barbarous treatment. Their ex-
istence there is kept in the utmost secrecy. They are
not permitted to communicate with the outside of the for-
tress ; their appeals and petitions are not listened to, and
the Prussian soldiers are paid by the Government to watch
closely over and punish them severely whenever they find
an opportunity for it. I could adduce a great many facts
bearing testimony to my assertions.
The following show only the inhumanity of the Prus-

scans :

The soldier Ortowski has been thrown down from the
walls of the fortification by a Prussian, with whom he
humbly remonstrated that the hard labour which he un-
derwent was above his strength. The unfortunate man
broke both legs in his fall, and cannot but remain crippled
for ever.

The non-commissioned officer Lasczynski, and another
soldier, at the moment of walking out of their prison, were
suddenly stopped by a sentry, who would not allow them
to proceed further. They were immediately imprisoned,
and, merely on the testimony of the Prussian soldier, who
said that they pushed him, have been sentenced to ten
years close imprisonment.
A gentleman named Bogdanski having written for one
of the soldiers a letter to his family, has been held in a most
severe prison during three days, at the end of which he sud-
denly died.
The Rev. Mr. Kawczynski, who had fled from Poland,
has been thrown into prison, and after four years of close
confinement has bean given up to the Russians.
You will see, Sir, by this account that the hand which
murders the Polish patriots in Cronstadt and Siberia perse-
cutes them in Trieste and sends them down to the walls of
Graudentz.

I am Sir, your most obedient servant,
S. SZ ATK 0 SKI,
Secretary to the Committee of the Polish
Emigrants in London.
24, King-street, Regent-street, London, Nov. 11.

Dutch papers to the 11th inst. have been received.
We have copied from one of them a rather long ab-
stract of an article on the separation of Holland and
Belgium, to the effect that the people of Holland
are not and were not opposed to the nationality of
Belgium. This is true. The only person who sin-
cerely opposed the secession of Belgium was the
King. His opinion upon this question is unaltered,
and unalterable.

We have no news direct from Madrid this morning.
The following brief notice, on the subject of the war
in Estremadura, is copied from the Courrier Francais
Of Sunday
An extraordinary courier arrived on Saturday at the
Spanish Embassy with accounts from Spain of the date of
the 6th inst. According to these accounts Gomez was still
in Estremadura, between Truxillo and Caceres, upon the left
bank of the Tagus. Rodil was manoeuvring at a short dis-
tance from Gomez, on his right, and holding him in check.
march, in order to reach him ;
and it
it wasv as geuxipeekeetneicnlghisthat he would in a day re-establish
communications with Rodil. Madrid was quite tranquil,
and no apprehension was entertained there that Gomez
would be able to pass the Tagus."

artifices employed by the Tories
Among the many arti
to get up " Conservative manifestations," as they hu-
mourously phrase it, not the least silly is their attempt
to show off' their Operative Associations. Every per-
son who is above the rank of an idiot in intellect sees

and knows, that between the working classes of Great
Britain and Toryism, there is an impassable gulph
fixed both by nature and art. The Operatives are the
natural enemies of the Tories, because the fundamental
principle of Toryism is to keep things as they are—to
keep the working and useful part of the community as
beasts of burden, to minister to the pleasures and enjoy-
ments of those whom accident or the usurpation of the
rights of the people has placed above the necessity of
working for themselves. The struggle of the opera-
tive is to raise himself in the social scale, to emanci-
pate himself from the shackles in which an artificial
convention to which he was no party has bound him,
and to assert his claim to equal rights as a member of
the great brotherhood of man. The struggle of the
Tory is to keep him down to what he calls his proper
level, and to check as a crime against society every
generous aspiration that might tend to disturb the ba-
lance which he has established—that beautiful equili-
brium which gives him all the power and profit, and
his bumble neighbour all the drudgery.
What are the Operatives but hewers of wood and
drawers of water to the Aristocracy ? Do they exist
for any other purpose than to toil, and sweat, and starve
for the benefit of their superiors ? Let history answer
the question. To its decisions we fearlessly appeal.
The great object of Reform, as we understand it, is to
secure to the industrious classes a greater degree of
comfort and happiness than they have hitherto enjoyed.
It is to reverse the process, which has hitherto been
followed, of making the interests of the few every thing—
of the many, nothing. Hence the opposition it meets
with from the privileged classes: hence the enthusiasm
with which it is embraced by the mass of the people.
To bribe the Operatives into a confederacy against
themselves is what the Tories are now aiming to ac-
complish. It is a truly magnificent project, and will,
we have not the least doubt, be successful, as soon as
the Tories are able to suspend the laws of nature.
Judging, however, by what has already been effected
in this way, we are bound to say that the period which
is destined to witness this revolution in the moral na-
ture of man is at an indefinite distance. Now and
then the richer Tories make a subscription, and get up
a feed, to which they entice a few wretched half-starved
men, to whom a full belly is far from being an every
day occurrence ; or, which is more generally the case,
they compel by threats those Operatives over whom
they have the authority of masters to attend, and then
give out that these proceedings are altogether volun-
tary manifestations in favour of Toryism ! An example
of this occurred on Thursday last at Blackburn. But
what a miserable failure it turned out ! There are
probably not less than 10,000 Operatives in Black-
burn ; yet, will it be believed, with all the influence of
all descriptions that the Tories could use—after beating
up too for recruits at Manchester, Bolton, Preston,
arid other places—they could muster only about 400
guttlers I What was said and done at such a meeting
may, if it were worth a moment's consideration, be
easily imagined. The persons who had been mainly
instrumental in getting up the guzzle made speeches
full of all sorts of extravagant falsehoods and nonsense,
until nobody would listen, or was capable of hearing,
and the meeting dropped off. It is said, that " when
the wine is in, the wit is out." The same holds, we
suppose, with respect to gin ; for when the Chairman
came to give an account of the Association, the worthy
gentleman had the good-natured simplicity to state
that " the opulent had contributed largely to the pecu-
niary wants of the Association." This is just what
we suspected.

By one of those blunders to which all papers are
subject, we exceedingly regret that a paragraph was
copied into The Sun of Saturday from the
Morning Herald, headed " TIIE GOVERNOR OF
THE BANK OF ENGLAND—(FrOM the Agricultu-
rist)," &c. Now, any one who knows the political
principles of The Sun, and its respect for private •cha-
racter, must have been grievously surprised at reading
such a paragraph in our columns. A more impudent,
lying, and scandalous paragraph we never recollect to
have read in any Journal. Happily the malicious ten-
dency of the paragraph is neutralised by its ignorance
alike of grammar as common sense. To those who
know the public and private worth of Mr. PATTISON,
the Governor of the Bank of England, it is quite un-
necessary for us to say anything in addition to our
already and long-recorded opinion of his merits ; and
we only insert the present explanation, as much in
justice to our own sense of propriety, as in delicacy to
the feelings of others, which must have been outraegd
by the abusive paragraph in question.

The partial interruptions of commercial confidence
which have lately taken place in Ireland are, we are
happy to see, at an end ; and, as is usually the case
after a period of excitement, men begin to wonder at
the acts of precipitation into which they have been
betrayed. Not the least ground can be shown for
even a shadow of suspicion against the solidity, either
of the agricultural Bank of Ireland or of the Belfast
Bank ; yet such is the public sensitiveness, where its
pecuniary interests are touched, or even appear to be
touched, that no sooner is a report, originating in
the basest motives, raised against the character
of the Agricultural Bank—no sooner is the
slander whispered, that it is " no better than it

ought to be,"—than people take the alarm without
giving themselves time to reflect or inquire into
the truth, and begin to act upon the faith of ru-
mour, until they themselves are within an ace of pro-
ducing the very catastrophe which of all things they
most dread. The establishment thus singled out for
destruction is obliged to protect itself by all the means
in its power. It cannot be expected to be just and
generous at the same time. It must circumscribe the
facilities which it may have been in the habit of afford-
ing, either in the way of accommodation to its cus-
tomers or to other banks, and the consequence is, that
a general feeling of insecurity gradually creeps abroad,
and commerce becomes paralyzed.
The notes of the Bank of Belfast are payable only in
Belfast, but the Agricultural Bank had been in the
habit of cashing them. Was it to continue this accom-
modation when a violent assault was made upon its own
credit ? Assuredly not. Its first duty was to look to
its own safety when a run was made upon it.
But look at the consequence of this simple act of self
preservation. The credit of the Belfast Bank becomes
immediately implicated, though that establishment had
nothing whatever to do in the matter, and never was in
a more flourishing condition. It is sufficient that thevnotes
of the Belfast Bank have been refused by another
Bank, to give a dangerous colour to a circumstance,
in itself, entirely unconnected with the security of
either.

It was reported too—perhaps the report originated
with those whose "wish was father to the thought"—that
the Galway branch of the Agricultural Bank had sus-
pended payments for a day or two. This is a sheer false-
hood. Had it been otherwise, it would have afforded,
under the circumstances, no just cause of alarm ; but
every demand made upon it was answered with-
out hesitation. The judicious measures pursued
by the Bank of England have in no small degree
contributed to restore confidence in Ireland. Large
and prompt remittances have been made by the
Bank to the establishments upon which the run
had commenced. Thus the evil has been checked
in the bud, and the consequence has been a bene-
ficial change in our own monetary affairs. A sensible
improvement in the funds has taken place. There is no
difficulty whatever in discounting good bills at the
Bank of England, and the pressure that was lately felt
has begun to abate. It is supposed that the CHAN-