The Sun.
London, England, 1838-12-24 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

CAMBRIDGE, DEC. 22.—There 'will be Congregations on
the following days of the ensuing Lent term :
Saturday Jan. 19, (B. A. Commencement) at ten.
Thursday • 31, at eleven.
Wednesday Feb. 13, at eleven.
Wednesday 27, at eleven.
Friday Mar. 15, ( 11. A. Inceptors) at ten.
Friday 22, (End of Term) at ten.
The subject for the Seatonian Prize poem for the present
year is Gidcau.

The Rev, William Chapman Kinglake, of Trinity Col.
lee in this University, has been presented to the Rectory
of West Ivlonckton, Somerset, on the cession of the Rev.
J, G. Maddison.

The Rev. Isaac Spooner, M.A., of Clare Hall in this
University, has been presented to the Perpetual Curacy of
St. Ueorge's Edgbaston, near Birmingham.
The Rev. M. Wilkinson, M.A., Classical Lecturer, and
late Fellow of Clare Hall, in this University, has been ap,
pointed Principal of the Huddersfield Church of England
Collegiate School.
The undermentioned gentlemen were ordained by
,the
Lord Bishop of Lincoln, in the Cathedral Church of Lin-
toln, on Sunday last, the 16th hist,

hkktONS.
Richard Edward Basgett, 13. A., LineOln College; Oxford.
Robert Jostph Buddieornb> 13. A., Bragennose Cul.; Oxford,
Richard Grade, 13. A., Trinity College,
Charles budding Holland, Caius College, Cambridge.
Wilßani LAW, 8.A., Queen's College, Cambridge.
Cosmu Charles Orme, B. A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
Hugh William Smith, M.A., St.. John's College, Cambridge.
Josias Jessop Blandford, B. A., Christ's College, Camb.
Richard Brough Maltby, B. A., St. John's College, Camb.
Let. Dim. from the Archbishop of York.
• rsitSTS.
George Bull, 8.A., Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Thomas Ambrose Clarke, 8.A., Lincoln College, Oxford.
John Kenning Fowler, 8.A., Queen's College, Cambridge.
Henry James Gore, B. A., Merton College, Oxford.
George Jepson, B. A., Bt. John's College, Cambridge.
\\vVnoondtttvhnorrtphec&thoatirnl:osnit,o%Ah.t,ol, St.lll J.oAh., n's
College
Emmanuel Col. Camb,
Cambridge.
John Sansom, B.A.' Queen's College, Oxford,
The Honk Philip Yorke &Nile, M. A., Trin. Col. Camb,
Edward Langdale Smith, M. A., St. John's Col. Camb.
ex,roDrdo.blin.
AAubrey Tvoe sirt
entsl nßd.,
AB. Ath,a
gTdratinet
nt y
iCaoi
11,1 eog
Curzon Cursham, 8.A., CalUs College, Cambridge.
Cambridge.o 01l
Ilt.ioabrkertpSyuerttoF:ll,rel!elet.hAe'
t.
The Bishop of Lincoln's next ordination will b;; held in
.TDArii:nr; yfrroaC2moc Inl
theneg secXrehblsh op of York.
the Cathedral Church of Lincoln, on Sunday the 24th of
February next. Candidates must send their papers to his
Lordship, at Willingham, near Market Basco, before the
13th of January.
At an ordination held by the Lord Bishop of Chester,
:tut
DI: eue
rn-iliGeetnti:,!enßrs.et
following
oStluv\inTniclgl
William Alexander Osb:ili
ir
pnti
thteit.e:
ei3aCT Cathedral
ioyf
rtdhceaortel city,
ete the
George Palmer, B.L'A. 211:1::1:ine Hall.
Matthias
hlaecatgxtriialnieinaasdlsdeßr:'
roivernengsteß,
Watson,B.B CorpusCatherine
cor
pcuhsr
isHtiall
Christi.
College.
College.
Samuel 0. BoutfloweDr,"ne.°AN.S:
A.
Queen's College.
St. John's College.
Henry NV. Jackson, 13. A.,
John H. Macguire, S. C.LQ.,"Qeeuneen9soCileoglee.ge.
James Moore, B. A., Magdalene Colleg
William Price, 8.A., Corpus Christi Ceollege.
Daniel E. Stephens, S. C. L., Emmanuel College
Jeremiah Stoddart, 13 A., Corpus Christi College.

Air. Urquhart has accepted an invitation from the
Chamber of Commerce at Hull to a public dinner on the
26th inst,

ANSWERS.

Total agricultural cluses
3. Taxes on commercial property... £2,000,000
4. Ditto on prorcssions 1,021,187

3,021,187

350. —Nor is this subject to be dwelt on solely as a question
of finance. Let it be considered, that it is the land which
furnishes the raw materials of the greater part of our manu-
factures; that the proprietors and occupiers of land are the
best customers of our manufacturers and merchants; and that
through them the greater part of all other professions gain
their livelihood. The fundholders also must be aware that
upon the prosperity of agriculture the regular payment of
their dividends must principally depend. For it is to be ob-
served, that as the property-tax was imposed on all the classes
of the community, in proportion to their supposed wealth or
income, hence we may conclude that the taxes payable in every
other way, by each class,. and every individual in each class,
who spent his income, were probably paid, in nearly the same
proportion, as the tax on property.—ld.
A.----It is land that furnishes raw materials ; but not
necessarily the land, which means their land. The pro-
prietors and occupiers of land at borne are not the best cus-
tomers of our manufacturers and merchants ; by the token
that the proprietors of land abroad are ready to give two
bushels of corn where the others give one. All professions
live by bread ; but not exclusively by their bread, when
the bread of somebody else would do so much better. The
fundholders too, know that the people who are to pay
them must live on the produce of some agriculture ; but
they do not for that reason wish them confined to half the
agriculture when they might have the double.
351.—1 t cannot, at the same time, be doubted, that the
agricultural classes are much indebted to those employed in
trade and manufactures, for being the means of consuming the
produce of the soil. But still, it is the surplus productions of
agriculture, raised under the superintendence of the owners of
the soil, and by the skill and industry of those who occupy it,
which constitute the real basis of our national prosperity ; and
exported manufactures may be considered as nothing else, than
so much beef, mutton, wheat, barley, lee. converted into
another, and more convenient shape.—ld.
A.—The perpetually protruded fallacy about " the
owners of the soil." The productions of any soil are just
as capable of being the basis of national prosperity, as those
of the home monopolists. The beef, mutton, wheat, barley,
&c. of foreign growers are just as capable of digestion and
*,ransmutation into exported manufactures, as any other.
352.—Where manufacturers however, are fed by the pro.

ductions of foreign industry, and when the articles they manu.
facture are produced from foreign raw materials, as fine wool,
&c. &c., instead of being an advantage, they have the effect
of depreciating the value, checking the improvement of do.
'nestle agricultural productions, and bringing foreign articles
into competition with them, by means of British capital.—ld.
A.—They have the effect of breaking down the monopoly
of the monopolists. But the community at large gains twice
over, what the monopolists lose.

353.—These statements must satisfy every impartial indiv

. .
dual, that the stenv.,,th and resources of this country, principally
arise from the productions of the soil ; that the land, is the ba-
sis of our national wealth ; and that on the amount and the
value of its productions, our commerce and manufactures,
and the payment of the public creditors, in a great measure
depend.—ld,.
A.—They will satisfy nobody, who is not to be mystified
by the:fallacy of confounding sonic land with all land, and
assuming that what is true of all the land in the world
whose produce to ricOessiblo, is true of the little bit belong-
ing to our monopolists at lialiCe
3.54.—,The revenues of the Church, by far the largest pros
portion of the payments to the poor, and various other public
charges, are likewise payable from the same source. Hence,
nothing can be more impolitic, than to neglect the. adoption
of any measure, by which the interests' of agriculture may be
promoted ; or more hazardous, than to (Mee any step, by which
its prosperity can be impaired, or those who live by it, reduced
to poverty or ruin. —ld.
Ik .—That the revenues of the Church, &c., are paid by
the home agrictilturisq, can be no reason why they are to
pay themselves by cutting the nation oft from foreign com-
merce. If they pay more than they ought (which weak!
probably be strenuously denied, and the contrary affirmed),
divide the ati it ought to be, and give us commerce.
(i%'de
Buitdo not let the landed sagra burn the house to roast
their pig, as their Chinese exemplars did.
355.—it has long been considered as an incontrovertible
proposition, and approaching to the nature of an axiom,
That whoever could make two cars of corn, or two blades
of grass, to grow upon a spot, where only one had grown be-
fore, would deserve better of mankind, and do more essential
service to his country, than the whole class of politicians put
together. "•
A,—lf this had meant giving the country the use of two
ears of corn, or two blades of grass, where there would only
have been one, it would have uttered a great truth. But
it means keeping two cars of corn, or two blades of grass,
out of the country, that monopolists may grow one' in their
own nooks and corners, and charge a higher price for it,
So much for the landlords' axiom,

556,-.l3ut as our legislature have wisely deemed it expe-
dient, to protect both thanteactures and eornmerce, which, un-
der such a system, have so eminently flourished, no good
reason can be assigned, why agriculture ought not, in the like
manner, to be Encouraged in Great Britain, where it produces
such a great retenue ; &c.—ld.
A,.....The system of protections to both agriculture and
Manufactures, Is at best only the system of taking a penny
turn-and-turn-about from the people that pass at Charing-
cross, and throwing at each payment a halfpenny into the
river. But the manufacturers have found out more than
this ; they have found out that the pretended protection
against foreign manufactures, is a shadow, by which nothing is
protected ; and through the organ of the Chamber of Com-
merce at Manchester, they have had the genius to protest
distinctly against the pretext.
Attend to the facts stated before the Chamber of dthiiz
coerce. " Orcotton hosiery, while we export only 430,000
dozen pairs, the Saxons export 1,500,000 dozen pairs per
annum. They supply as much cotton hosiery to the United
States alone, as we do to all the world." But the Chair-
man expresses his doubt, whether the English hosiers
would be ready to give up their protective duty of. 20 per
cent, Watch then the pro and the contra. The English
hosiers are cut off from supplying 1,500,000 dozen pairs of
stockings to various parts of the world, which they could
do in preference to the Saxons, if they were allowed to take
corn in return. And they arc cut off from supplying
Saxony itself, which with their advantages in machinery
and skill they could have done had trade been free. To
balance this, they are told they shall be protected from
Saxon stockings by a 20 per cent. duty ; the fact being,
that nothing but the restrictions on our trade ever made it
possible for Saxon stockings to come here at all. We might
as well have been asked to.give up our trade, for the bribe
of a protection against stockings falling from the clouds ;
we were not under the slightest danger that they should
come. The protection, therefore, is one that protects
nobody and nothing. It is a mere stalking-horse, and the
manufacturers of stockings have surrendered their foreign
trade for a phantom. And the same of the whole race of
pretended " protective duties" in favour of manufactures.
Give us freedom of trade, and our manufactures will pro-
tect themselves. You cut off our leg, and then promise us
a wooden one shall set all right. We take the liberty, to
wish we had been let alone,

. .
kTO BE CONTINUED.)

AINIERICAN NAVY.—In the course of a
respecting the American navy in the New York Papers, it
is said that at the present time the United States have four-
teen first-rate ships of the line, all, or "at loot" more than
" a dozen," as it is expressed, afloat, besides fritatesi cor-
vettes, brims, schooners, &c., of which the number is not
mentioned except in general times, as being very consider-
able. At the commencement of the last war, it is observed,
there was not a " single American line-of-battle ship afloat."
One of these ships of the line is asserted, for the " size of
her offensive and defensive means," to be the first vessel in
the world. The " amount of naval force now afloat in re-
mote parts of the world in this time of profound peace was
threefold greater," it is said, than the whole Ainerican navy
at the beginning of the last war.

-••••einT)

CORN-LAW FALLACIES, WITH THE

( Continued from The Sun of Friday. )
349. —The superior importance of agriculture, has been
recently proved, in a manner so convincing, and indeed unan-
swerable, that the question may now be considered as at rest. It
is well known, that all the resources of the country were put to the
test, by the strict manner in which the tax on income was ultima-
tely exacted. By analysing therefore, the produce of that tax,
under all its several branches, the real foundations of our na-
tional wealth and prosperity may be ascertained, with a degree
of correctness previously unattainable. The result of the in-
quiry is as follows :
1. Taxes on landed property £4,957,247
2, Ditto on the farmers, or occupiers of land... 2,176,228

Difference in favour of the agricultural classes £3,412,288
Hence it appears, that during that eventful period, when
the ignorant and the prejudiced supposed, that we existed
solely by trade, and that we ought to be considered merely
as a nation of shopkeepers, it was the wealth arising from the
productions of the soil, that chiefly enabled us to go
on ; it was successful agriculture, that furnished us with
the means of carrying on the contest, and of bringing it to a
triumphant conclusion.—Code of Agriculture, by the Right
Hon. Sir .lohn Sinclair, Bart. Ch. v.
A.—Not the smallest progress is made towards esta-
blishing the point which is the real object of the writer,—
that the agricultural classes ought to oppress the commercial.
Suppose a farmer told, " You have more oxen than horses,
therefore your oxen ought to starve your horses." Would he
agree ?
And besides, the agriculturists should be compared, not
with the commercial classes as they were under a state of
depression from artificial or accidental causes, but as they
might have been, or might be now, after three-and-twenty
years of peace.