The Sun.
London, England, 1825-11-03 00:00:00

! a territory in which Spanish power and occupation have been
extinguished, can be of no practical utility to the mother coun-
try, and may endanger the peace of the world.
"All political communities are responsible to each other for
their conduct—that is, they are all under an obligation to ful-
fil their established international duties, and to indemnify any
violation of the rights of others committed by their citizens or
subjects. Sow, since the mother country must continue
to he responsible for acts over which it cannot exercise the
shadow of authority, the inhabitants of those countries whose
political independence has been established, but whose title
has not been recognized, must be placed in a situation in which
they are responsible for their actions, or must be punished like
pirates placed beyond the pale of law, for those deeds which
supply a 'ground of complaint to other ❑ations. In the first
pact of this alternative the total irresponsibility of the states not
recognized is too absurd to be maintained ; and in the last,
the treatment of their inhabitants as pirates is too monstrous to
be applied to a great portion of the habitable globe.
"There remained no other resource to Great Britain, or to
any other country which maintained a commercial intercourse
with the Spanish American provinces, but to recognize in time
their political existence and to consider them in the enjoyment
of the rights and duties which civilized nations are obliged to
respect among themselves, and entitled to claim from others.
"The example of the last revolution of France, and of the
happy re-establishment of Louis XVIII. upon his throne, is
cited by M. Zea, in support of the principle of the imprescrip-
tible rights of a legitimate sovereign, and the obligation of all
foreign powers to respect those rights; and in consequence this
Minister invites England to act consistently, and in its conduct
towards the new States of Spanish America to observe the same
reserve as was exhibited, in a manner so honourable to her,
towards revolutionary France.
" But it is necessary to recal to the recollection of M. Zea,
that all the powers of Europe, and particularly Spain, one of
the first, not only acknowledged the different Governments de
facto which deprived the Bourbons of the throne of France, and
which afterwards kept that family at a distance from it for 25
years, but that Spain besides concluded strict alliances with
them, and above all, with the one which M. Zea justly desig-
nates as a Government de facto in the strictest sense—that of
Buonaparte, against whom his unrestained ambition, and not a
principle of respect for the rights of legitimate monarchy, had
armed all the powers of Europe.
" It is useless to attempt to give another colour to facts
which have already been displayed in the page of history ; and
the undersigned is, in consequence, obliged to add, that Great
Britain cannot, in justice to herself, accept the eulogium which
M. Zea bestows upon her in this respect; nor can she pretend
to except herself from the general accusation of having nego-
ciated with the chiefs of the French revolution.
" It is true that in 1796, England abstained from treating
with revolutionary France, long after the Powers of Europe had
given it the example. But the causes of this reserve, alleged
in Parliament and in different documents, was the subordinate
state of the French Government, and it cannot be denied that
Great Britain twice, viz. in 1796 and 1797, opened negociations
for peace with the French Directory, which if they had succeed.
ed, would have led to a recognition of that form of government.
In 1801 peace was concluded with the Consulate, and if in 1806
peace was not actually concluded with Buonaparte, then Em-
peror of France, the negociation was only broken off by one
condition ; and if in 1808 and 1814 England refused to listen to
any overture on the part of France, she did it solely because
Buonaparte refused to admit Spain as a contracting party in the
negociation. Moreover it cannot be denied that even in 1814
Great Britain would have made peace with Buonaparte, if he
had not been so immoderate in his pretensions ; and Spain can-
not be ignorant that even since the fall of Buonaparte it was a
question among the Allies, whether it would he proper to place
On the throne of France a Sovereign who was not a Bourbon.
" The appeal, therefore, to the conduct of the Powers of
Europe and to Great Britain, with respect to the French revo-
lution, only series to recal abundant examples of the recogni-
tion of government de facto by Great Britain, which in this
respect was always more tardy than the other Powers of Europe,
and especially Spain, which gave them the example.
" In the note of M. Zea are two other points which demand
particular remark. _

" DI. Zea says that the King of Spain will never recognize
the new States of Spanish America, and that his Majesty will
not cease to employ force of arms against his rebel subjects in
that part of the world.

" ‘ire have neither the pretension nor the desire to controul
the conduct of his Catholic Majesty, but this declaration of
Zea is a complete justification of our conduct, as it proves
that we have seized the proper moment to put our relations
with the new States upon a firm footing. A further delay on
our part could not have satisfied Spain, or produced any bene-
fit, seeing that Spain has decidedly pronounced herself against
all arrangement, under any circumstances, or at any time ;
and that she is resolved upon interminable war with her an-
cient colonies.

I " Zea concludes by declaring that his Catholic Majesty
will protest in the most solemn manner against the means an-
-I...punced by the British Government, as a violation of existing
treaties, and of the imprescribable rights of the throne of
Spain.
4 Against what will his Catholic Majesty protest ?
" It has been proved that we have violated no treaty, and
we admit that our recognition of the new States of America
does not decide the question of right.
" But if the argument on which the declaration is founded
were true, it is eternal; and having placed our commerce under
the protection of treaties, we are guilty in the opinion of Spain
of an offence, the character of which cannot be mitigated by
time or circumstances. Having thus entered into an examina-
tion of the different points of the notes of M. Zea, the under-
signed is charged to declare in conclusion that his Government
etaxiously hopes to be permitted to close here a discussion which
now is without an object.
" The undersigned is also charged to declare to the Ministers
of Spain, that it was not a sentiment of ill-will, nor even of in-
difference towards the interests of his Catholic Majesty, which
dictated the measures of the English Government,—that his
Britannic Majesty- will not cease to entertain the most anxious
wishes for the prosperity of Spain, and that his Majesty is still
disposed to renew, and has commanded the undersigned to re-
new, to the Government of his Catholic Majesty, the offer of
the good offices of his Majesty to bring to an issue any amicable
arrangement which may be practicable between his Catholic
Majesty and the countries of America which have separated from
Spain. (Signed) " GEORGE CANNING."

FLoaznA CANAL.—The Agricultural Society
of East Florida have made a Report on the ex-
pediency and practicability of uniting the Atlan-
tic with the Gulf of Mexico, by a Canal across
the Florida peninsula, commencing at St. Augus-
tine, and ending at Vacassay Bay, embracing a
distance of 92 miles, which is estimated at 90,000
dollars, as the intersection of several rivers will
reduce the actual canaling to about 18 miles.—
This important Canal will save a distance of
nearly 800 miles in doubling the dangerous Flo-
rida reef of shoals, and bring tile trade and com-
merce of New Orleans and Mexico closer to the
Southern States. It is stated by the Editor of
the New York Advocate, that the value of the
public lands would be increased 500 per cent. by
the opening of the Canal ; if such be the fact,
the general Government of the United States is
as deeply interested in making the contemplated
Canal, as the State of Florida, and there cannot
be a doubt that upon a proper representation to
Congress, every facility will be afforded to
accomplish the undertaking.—(Baltimore Ga-
zette,Oct.6.)

The following Works have been lately pub-
lished by Mr. COLBURN, No. 8, New Burling-
ton-street, (removed from Conduit-street), viz.-
1. The Diary and Correspondence of Samuel
Pepys, Esq. Secretary to the Admiralty in the
time of Charles If. and James H., and the inti-
mate friend of Evelyn ; Lord Braybrooke, in 2
vols. 4t0.-2. The Miscellaneous Writings of
John Evelyn, Esq. now first collected, in 1 vol.
4t0., uniformly with his Memoirs.-3. A new
and revised edition of Tremaine ; or, the Alan of
Refinement, 3 vols.-4. Absenteeism ; by Lady
Morgan ; 1 vol. Post Bvo.-5. Matilda ; a Tale
of the Day ; second Edition-6. Memoirs of
the Court of France, extracted from the
Diary kept for above Thirty Years by the Mar-
quis de Dangeau ; Editions in French and Eng-
lish ; 2 vols. Bvo. a 2(1 Edition of Doblado's Let-
ters from Spain, 1 vol. and the sth and Gth Vo-
lumes of the Memoirs of Madame de Geniis.