The Sun.
London, England, 1822-10-07 00:00:00

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]

Through the polite attentions of a friend, we
have been favoured with the perusal of several
letters from Lima, received by the last arrival
from Buenos Ayres, and also of Gazettes from
the latter place, containing observations respect-
ing the late action at Pisco, near Lima, and a
statement of the receipts and expenditure of the
Ayres Treasury. The Lima letters represent the
action near Pisco, between Gen. Tristan, of the
Independent service, and General Canterac, a
Royalist Chief, in very different terms from those
in which it had formerly been described. It has
indeed seldom happened, during the course of
the great South American struggle, that the first
accounts of battles or important events (often
transmitted to Europe for interested purposes)
have been correct, and this is a fresh in-
stance added to the many already on record.—
In no portion of the South American continent
has the warfare, been alike. The elements wield-
ed, and the aspect of the country have varied in
many respects ; but no where so much so as in
Peru. This country is naturally divided into
two distinct portions, the upland and lowland
districts. The former embrace all the ranges
and subdivisions of the Andes, running cen-
trically along the whole line of coast, at cer-
tain distances from it ; whilst the latter consist
of the intervening vallies and long narrow strip
of land contiguous to the sea, containing the chief
cultivated country. A large portion of the upland
country is in the hands of the Royalists, and their
range throughout it is in a great measure unmo-
lested, owing to the difficulty of access, and their
facilities for retreating. Unable to attack in
the Lowland Countries on any fixed or regular
plan, they prowl along the mountains till they
find an opportunity of descending and surprising
some isolated point, or detached corps having
to guard an extended surface, when they avail
themselves of the secure retreat open to them.
This kind of warfare can produce no results of
any consequence; but the Royalist Army thus
becomes harassed and weakened by desertion,
and it must eventually give up the contest. In
the mean time the people of Peru have an op-
portunity of seeing a regular Government conso-
lidating itself in the capital, and justice adminis-
tered in an impartial manner. Peru, although
so far removed from Europe, has been famed for
the cultivation of science, and the possession of
proportionally more learned men than any
other portion of the Southern Continent, and
these gradually become identified with the new
order of things. Already several, are Members
of, or employed by the existing Government.
—Among them is Dr. Unanue, the friend of
Humboldt, the Representative of Peru in the
Spanish Cortes in 1814, and well known in
Europe by his work on the Climate of Lima, and
his scientific labours in the Mercurio Peruuno.
He is a Peruvian, indefatigable in his exertions,
and now labouring for the welfare of his country-
men. These circumstances inspire the people
with confidence ; and this accession of moral
power) added to the well-known military talents
and enterprize of General San Martin, must, ere
long, free the remaining portion of the country
from its oppressors, and lay the foundation of a
regular and free Government—the anxious object
of the people, as well as of their leaders.

[MORNING HERALD.]
There appoared, in an Evening Paper of Sa-
turday, an article, treating, in an authoritative
tone, of the " auspices " and " objects " of the
.Congress. It professes to be a private letter
written from. Paris, but might have been written,
every word, by a person sitting quietly in Lon-
Acon. We. not, however, enter into the
private tactics of a cotea porary, or offer any
conjecture upon the motives of a Ministerial
Journal in giving this article by a side-wind. It
is only with apart—and, indeed, a small part—
;of its contents, that we have any concern. It
begins with a preamble,. partly truism, such
as informing the world that " no war be-

tween independent nations is—no commercial
treaties can be—the subjects upon which
tilts Congress is called to deliberate :—that
the main objects of its (Congress) labours-are'
Turkey and Spain." It then goes on with rather
a large morsel of what is called galimatias ; con-
sisting of extracts from Vattel's book on the Law
of Nations, commented upon and applied to prove
the right of the Continental Alliance to inter-
fere in the internal concerns of Spain. Ever
since the name of Vattel has been made familiar
to the writing populace by Burke," every whip-
ster" in the field of politics thinks that a quota-
tion from this writer gives him the air of being
erudite and profound ; but such is the quackery
of these dealery in authority and quotation, that
in nineteen cases out of twenty, they merely re-
produce the hackneyed passages extracted by
Burke ; fever probably haviAg seen the work
itself. So it, is in the inst,:itce of this " corres-
pondent at But to come to something
more palpable. The writer maintains that "Spain
called upon all nations to save her from Buonaparte
—that they rescued her—and that therefore they-
have the right to interfere." Now, conceding, for
the sake of argument, that the premises are true,
who but must perceive that the conclusion is
grossly false ; It is exactly the counterpart of
the reasoning and the morality of a robber,
mentioned in one of the Italian novelists ;—we
believe, Lasca. This robber, hearing a lady
scream for assistance in the hands of a brother
bandit, gallantly came up and liberated her; but,
instead of escorting, or permitting her to pursue her
way, he soon turned round upon her, and asserted
that he, as her liberator, had acquired the right
to rifle her legitimately. This is bad enough; but
the premises of this writers syllogism are still more
shamelessly false than the conclusion. Spain did
call upon the nations of Europe—not " to rescue
her," but to follow her brave example, and resist
the common oppressor. But " did they come ?"
No such thing. Every man who walks up and down
the Strand must know that the call of Spain was
received with a deaf ear by these nations ;—that
the Spaniards fought their battles with no
ally but England. Every person who looks into
the Annual Register must or may know from the
State Papers, that, at the most interesting crisis of
the affairs of Spain, that magnanimous rescuer of
distressed nations, the Emperor Alexander, pro-
nounced the Spanish Patriots to be rebellious
subjects in arms against their Sovereign, Joseph
Napoleon. But the fact is, that Spain more pro-
perly may claim the merit of having rescued them.
Was it not her example, and the powerful diver-
, sion, which her resistance operated in favour of
,' the other nations of the Continent, that enabled
them to make their tardy effort for indepen-
dence ? There is much more in this letter of
,he same calibre, but not worth notice.