The Sun.
London, England, 1849-07-05 00:00:00

blackened by the bombardment of Vienna, and blush-
ing with the carnage of the Viennese, advanced with
a vast army against the men who had dared to re-
quire the preservation of their immemorial rights—
when the Ban JELLACHICH, leading on an irregular
horde of Croatians, desolated the corn-fields and vine-
yards of the Danube—when the Hungarian Execu-
tive was compelled to fly beyond the inaccessible
morasses surrounding Debreczin, and the brand of
Hungary seemed broken, and her spirit conquered,
and her patriotism extinguished ! At that period
even Hope appeared to have vanished from the cause
of the vanquished. Scarcely one voice was raised to
deprecate the execration pronounced against the
Magyars by their assailants. Not one hand was
extended to extricate them from their abyss
of calamities. We remember that time not
merely vividly, but bitterly and painfully. With
hardly a single exception, the Press in this country
applauded the Austrians to the echo—to the echo of
the German newspapers According to them, an
atrocious rebellion was crushed. According to them,
JELLACHICH was a greater ALBEMARLE, and WIN-
DISCHGRATZ a more illustrious MONTECUCULI. Ac-
cording to our contemporaries, both native and
foreign—our contemporaries both of London and of
Vienna—the Cabinet of Debreczin were a group of
cut-throats and incapables—men who, to the volatility
of adventurers, added the cruelty of fanatics
and the heartlessness engendered by Commu-
nism. And so the slanders were repeated
from mouth to mouth, from journal to journal, until
the hour of vengeance had arrived, and the truth
blazed forth in the splendid victories of BEM and the
dazzling proclamations of KOSSUTH. Never in the
history of heroic races has the annalist had to record
a more wonderful or more glorious ebullition of
nationality. The Hungarians rose to a man—nobles,
peasants, traders, gentlemen, students, ecclesiastics,
artizans, all joined the national standard. They blew
to the winds every preceding difference of opinion,
and, for the salvation of their mother land, became
one in heart, themselves to
BEM they very speedily accustomed
in hand, in cause, in obedience. Under
victory ; and BEM was nobly seconded by his Polish
lieutenants, conspicuous among whom were GEORGEY
and DBMBINSILY. From the most obscure sutler in
the army of liberation up to the superior officers at
head-quarters ;a' from the private soldier to the
Commander-in-Chief, every Hungarian made
his will subservient to the dictates of one intelligence,
to the impulse of one patriotic heart, to the ardour,
and the devotion,. and the self-sacrifice, and the
genius of one man. That man was KOSSUTH. Di-
rected by him the flood of disasters was soon
turned, and Europe, at first with incredulity, then
with astonishment, and at last with admiration,
beheld that flood rolled back from the gates of
Debreczin to the walls of Presburg. All this,
moreover, the Hungarians accomplished unassisted,
except by GOD and their own valour. They
humbled the remorseless JELLACHICH to the dust.
They dispersed their enemies among the mountains
of Transylvania and upon the plains of the Danube ;
they drove some in confusion beyond the frontiers of
Wallachia, and compelled the grand army of Impe-
rialists to fall back in dismay from fortress to
fortress, from city to city, from river to river, until
they stood almost within gunshot of the Austrian
capital. The veteran soldiers of Germany found
themselves no match for the raw recruits of the in-
experienced Hungarians. One after another the
most renowned generals in the service of the Era-
Felton were compelled to retire from the command of
his forces, covered with disgrace and infamy. WIN-
DISCHGRATE was followed by WELDEN, and WELDER
by HATNAU. The faineant FERDINAND, after a reign
of unexampled atrocity, found the curse of outraged
Hungary falling around him i❑ many appalling
evidences, and, with the sceptre of RUDOLPH shaken
from his palsied grasp, abdicated in a paroxysm of
terror and confusion. While the very foundations of
the Austrian empire trembled on the verge ofdestruction
under the throne of his youthful successor, the Mag-
yars consummated the miracle of their emancipation
by refusing their allegiance to a blood-stained
dynasty, and upon the ruins of their monarchical
institutions erected the fane of Republicanism. As a
crowning act of justice, the liberated nation paid the
noblest homage to the genius and patriotism of its
Liberator, proclaiming LUDWIG KOSSUTH its first
President.
Since then Austria, in despair, has sought the
assistanca of Rmsis, and the two Despotisms are
advancing with enormous armies to trample out the
newly enkindled flame of Hungarian liberty.
It is at this moment, when the glorious children
of Hungary are drawing their swords from their
scabbards, once more, to fight single-handed with the
legions of the Austrian EMPEROR and of the Russian
AUTOCRAT—that we call upon our countrymen to
aid these Magyar refugees at Folkstone. We
appeal to them to enhance this Testimonial to
strangers, or rather, we should say to brothers in
misfortune—to enable these sixty-five Hungarian
Hussars to place their lives at the service of the
land of their nativity. Remember—the Testimonial
is made in the name of English sympathy for Hunga-
rian patriotism.

There is, perhaps, no element of greater importance
to the attainment of national prosperity than the
banking facilities afforded to the various interests
throughout a country. Wherever a sound, judicious,
and extensive system of banking is carried on, there
also will be found a happy and contented people ;
full and remunerative employment is afforded to all
who are both able and willing to work ; industry is
seldom, if ever, deprived of its legitimate rewards ;
the national capabilities are fully and completely
developed; nothing affording a fair and reasonable
prospect of profit is neglected; the soil is properly
cultivated and brought to the highest state of ferti-
lity ; manufactures of every description are duly
attended to. All labour for the general advantage,
and few, if any, drones are to be found among
the busy population. There is neither time for,
no letevantation to, the commission of crime ;
there be any desire to 6,,,..diacoverable—why should
government under which rational liberty-aitant_of
prosperity are enjoyed. But how great a contrast
is afforded by a nation, in which there is a deficiency
of banking capital. There the best and most promising
speculations are neglected, the very life-blood of
industry is wanting ; no great or permanent ame
liorations are attempted; agriculture is on the
lowest scale ; no present advantage can be relinquished
for any deferred benefit, however great; every
energy is directed towards meeting the present exi-
gency ; nothing is thought of the future ; the
only real capital labour —is suffered to remain
waste and unproductive. The population, scantily
fed on the very lowest element of subsistence, are ripe
for any offence that may be suggested ; the people
have, unfortunately, but too much leisure time at
their disposal, and
" Satan finds some mischief still
For idle hands to do."
Political discontent and private want lead to general
disturbance, which consummates the ruin of the
country, and involves the people in the most heart-
rending misery and destitution.
Scotland and Ireland may perhaps be regarded as
affording the most., powerful illustrations of the na-
tural results 9f-a sufficiency or deficiency of banking
accommodation. We find the former, despite its
many natural disadvantages, the inclemency of its
climate, the sterility of its soil, and its inferior
geographical position, rivalling even England itself
in all. the arts of civilized life. Lanes naturally cold
and unproductive command high rents—rents which
are not merely promised, but which are invariably
liquidated with the utmost punctuality. The
farming is of the highest order, and abundant
crops reward the labour expended in cultivation.
''Scotch Stewards," acquainted with the system of
agriculture pursued in their native land, are eagerly
sought for by gentlemen anxious
ex
to establish model
,farms on their own estates, thus
strongest point of view the perfection the science
ibiting in the
that has been already attained. Glasgow—the Scot-
tish Manchester—Paisley, and other ;owns too nume-
rous to mention, sufficiently attest the national pro•
gress in commerce and manufactures. To what then
are these various advantages to be ascribed ? Why
has Scotland become so justly celebrated for her
agriculture, her commerce, her manufacture ? Simply
because she is equally celebrated for -her system of
"banking," because banking accommodation, on
a sound and judicious principle, is afforded