The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-22 00:00:00

E ty

tdealing, they should be encountered upon their own
inexorable system of warfare.

The report of Mr. BERWICK, altho ugh placed in
the hands of the Irish Executive on the 22d. of
September, and acted on by the dismissal of Lord
RODEN and the Messrs. BEER from the magisterial
bench, has only just been given to the public. It is
a singularly able and well-considered document.
The amiability of disposition for which the Learned
Gentleman is remarkable is strikingly exemplified in
every paragraph. Ile forbears to comment on the
atrocious transactions which he was deputed to
investigate with the intense indignation
that must be felt by every person pos-
sessed of the ordinary feelings of humanity.
But he has narrated facts which exhibit the horrible
details in even a stronger light than any in which
they had hitherto been placed. He goes through the
whole case with the calmness of an unbiassed mind
and the acuteness of an eminent lawyer. He com-
mences by stating that, for a great number of years,
animosities existed and: collisions occurred between
the Orange party and the Roman Catholics of the
county of Down, caused chiefly by the recur-
rence of party processions at stated periods
i❑ each year, the 12th of July being the
principal obnoxious anniversary celebrated by the
Orange party. The temporary dissolution of the
Orange Society led to a better disposition on both
sides; the feelings of mutual animosity that had pre-
viously been so painfully perceptible had subsided to
a great extent, and would no doubt have eventually
disappeared had nothing occurred to revive the
bygone differences and dissensions. The Ribbon
Society, which, as we have already explained,
was the offspring of the Orange Confederacy,
declined in numbers and organization. All would
have been peace and tranquillity had not the Party
Processions Act, which led to such happy results,
been unfortunately suffered to expire in the year
1845. It was hoped that the:extreme sections, having
witnessed the practical effects of this most salutary
law, would have continued to respect the spirit of its
provisions even after its expiration. Our law-
givers, however, knew but little of the fell
and malignant feelings of these wicked factions•
Scarcely had the Act expired, scarcely had the Le-
gislative prohibition been withdrawn, when the
Orange Society was reorganized. At first they ,
were contented to meet in the secret recesses of
their lodge rooms, and to give expression to their
vindictive party feelings in drunken orgies, where 1
there were no indifferent witnesses to be disgusted or
enraged at their wild and reckless fanaticism. At
length, emboldened by numbers, and encouraged by
the countenance of men of some rank and standing,
they determined to make an exhibition of their
strength.-
There was at that period at least a plausible pretext
for their determination. It was in the year 1848,
and the Young Irelanders had proceeded to lengths
which their leaders had subsequently so much reason
to deplore. Revolutions were springing up in every
nation in Europe, and ancient dynasties trembled on
their thrones. The Orangemen pretended that they
were anxious to strengthen the hands of the Crown and
Government, to exhibit their loyalty and devotion to
their SOVEREIGN, and to the laws and Constitution
of the United Kingdom. They wished to make a
counter-demonstration to the revolutionary party
then formed in other parts of Ireland, and for these
alleged objects they determined to walk in processions
on the 12th of July, 1848. We say such were the
pretended objects of the association, for had they been
really sincere in their professions, they might have
proceeded in a more legitimate and unobjectionable
manner. _ _

There was, it appears, a certain spot in the neigh-
bourhood where peculiar jealousy was evinced to
Orange exhibitions. Dolly's Brae had long
obtained an unhappy notoriety, as a scene of san- I
guinary outrage and disturbance. Thirty years pre-
viously
blood had been shed in one of the many
murderous conflicts that took place between Orange-
men and Ribbonmen in the country, and it was well
known that the Roman Catholics, by whom it was
exclusively occupied, bad made it a point of honour to
prevent Orange processions from defiling through
their mountain pass. Nothing but a reckless deter-
mination to insult their Roman Catholic brethren could
have induced the Orangemen to select the mountain
path. A wider and more convenient road wound
around the foot of the mountain, which, although
more circuitous, was infinitely better suited for a
numerous assembly than the straight and narrow
defile to which we have alluded. It is, therefore, by
no means surprising that the Orangemen, even in the
plenitude of power and insolent domination, should have
gone out of their way to cast a gratuitous insult
upon the inhabitants of the district. For thirty years
nu Orange procession had passed through Dolly's
Brae, and it was scarcely supposed that the disputed
territory would again be invaded.
A rumour was, however, spread in the beginning of
July, 1848, that the Orangemen would march by the
mountain road, and sworn informations were
promptly laid before Mr. FRANCIS BEERS, a magistrate
of the county and a leader of the Orange faction,
stating the danger of a serious collision if a course so in
sane were adopted. Mr. BEERS, in 1848, had some slight
portion of common sense. Even his brother, the
doughty FRANCIS, was not quite given over to his own
vain imaginings. The latter, therefore, called on
Mr. MORGAN, the Roman Catholic clergyman of the
district, requesting his influence to prevent a breach
of the peace, and promised that the disputed position
would not be assailed ; but that they would march by
the new road, or the way from Ballyround to Castle-
wellan, whereupon Mr. MORGAN at once
undertook, on behalf of the Roman Catholic
party, that no interruption would be oared
to the procession. Both sides remained faith-
ful to these engagements, and the day passed off
in comparative tranquillity ; a few stray shots at
the Roman Catholic clergyman who had interfered
to restrain his own party being the only achievement
of the Orange heroes. This insult to their beloved
pastor inflamed the passions of his congregation, and
great indignation was naturally excited among the
peaceable Roman Catholics there assembled. As
they could not avenge themselves by force of
arms, they resolved to do so in the manner so agree-
able to Irish he arts ; and a doggrel song was accord-
ingly composed and chaunted in derision of the
Orangemen, who, in turn, felt deeply exasperated at
the ridiculous lampoon. Such was the state of feeling
on both sides in the beginning of the present year.
We regret to be obliged to postpone our notice of
the subsequent proceedings which led to the san-
guinary disturbances and outrages of the last anni-
versary of the battle of Aughrim.

.LONDON,

LE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

Wre have received the French papers of Saturday
and yesterel
The cleblite on the Roman question was con-
tinued on Friday, and the report of the dis-
cussion up to the conclusion of the speech of
M. VICTOR litrco appeared in the Third Edition
of The Sirn of Saturday. lie was replied to
by the great Jesuit orator, M. DE MONTALEMBERT,
who commenced his speech by a gross insult, which
roused the indignation of every member of the As-
sembly, except those belonging to the parti-pretre, and
for which even M. Doris felt himself compelled to
call the most Christian and religious orator to order.
This incident was also reported in the Third Edition
of The Sun of Saturday. M. MONTAIEMDERT then
proceeded in the most enthusiastic strain to justify
not only the present POPE, but all his predecessors,
even the BORGIAS. The following short extract
from his speech will show the lengths to which M.
D.E MONTALEMDERT and the obscurantists are pre-

pared to go in their support of sacerdotal mis-
government :
" Where are the executioners and the tortures he talks
of under the reign of Pius IX., or even under his pre-
decessors?
"A Voice—History will tell you.
" M. de Montalembert—Yes, and history will prove
that for a long time past there has not been a single
Pope who was tyrannical and oppressive—
On the Left—And the Borgia.—(General Laughter.)
"M. de Montalembert—The Pope always pardons;
he is obliged to pardon.
"A Voice on the Left—Yes, when he is paid for it.—
(Murmurs.)
" M. de Montalembcrt—That is why, in the amnesty
which you so insultingly designate as a proscription, he
is compelled to make exceptions."
It would appear that M. DE MONTALEMBERT never
heard of the execution of the unfortunate UGO BASSI, it
would appear that he has never heard of the arrest of
Dr. Acuteee, and of hundreds of others, and of their
transference to the dungeons of the Inquisition, of
that prison which, when examined at the suppression
of the Inquisition by the Roman Republic, was found
I to have in its passages a series of trap doors, through
t which unfortunate persons fell a great depth into the
dungeons below, in which dungeons, when examined,
were found not only human bones, but human
bodies in various stages of decomposition, a proof that
the murders which had been there committed must
have been some of them at least of recent
date. Even the acts of HAYNAU, albiet admitted
by M. DR MONTALEMBERT to be detestable and de-
plorable, are justified as acts of reprisal. "As to
the massacres in Hungary," says the Jesuit orator,
" if what the joureals say be true, I condemn them,
detest them, deplore them ; and I add, that after all
they are but acts of reprisal."—(Movement.) The
pious and most Christian vindicator of acts of reprisal
does not condescend to particulars ; he does not ven-
ture to state for what crimes these acts of
Hesreau are acts of reprisal, although the Re-
publicans and Orleanists also French may learn
the fate that is in store for them should the
parti pretre ever get into power. M. DE MONTA-
LEMBERT will, no doubt, be severely reprimanded by
the Jesuit fathers for the incautious candour with
which he has broached this doctrine of reprisal. This
speech was received with frantic enthusiasm by the
members of the parti pretre, and by the abb6s, priests,
and women who occupied the galleries. M. VICTOR
HuGo rose to explain, but the members of the parti-
pretre, both those in the Assembly and those in the
gallery, drowned his voice by their interruptions, and
the debate was adjourned. It was resumed on Satur-
day by M. VICTOR HUGO, who having explained, was
followed by M. EMMANUEL ARAGO, who condemned
the policy of the expedition in toto with regard to
the expulsion of foreigners from Rome. M. Em-
manuel Arago having retorted energetically on M. de
Montalembert,contended that the French installed in
Rome a greater number of foreigners than they had
expelled. Cardinal Lambruschini, for instance was
not a Roman ; he was born at Genoa. Out of the
57 cardinals who composed the Sacred College, only
30 were natives of the Roman states. Considerable
laughter was produced by this palpable hit, after
which M. E. Arago proceeded to stigmatise the
conduct of those Ministers of the French Re-
public who had presided at the restoration
of the absolute 'government of priests at Rome
as an act of treason.
M. ODILON BARROT then rose and said, that
he could not allow the discussioa to close
without specifying the nature of the vote the
Cabinet claimed from the Assembly. He demanded
a reasonable and enlightened adhesion. The Roman
question was now known. Enough had been said on
the subject. In the demands it had addressed to the
Pope, and of which it pursued the realisation, had the
Cabinet exaggerated its rights, compromised the inte-
rests of France, made any unreasonable application,
or were the means employed unjust or impolitic?
Such was the question. He then examined the cir-
cumstances under which the expedition was under-
taken, and agreed with General Cavaignac that had
France abstained she would have disgraced herself.
There was only one alternative left, besides sending
an expedition to Civita Vecchia, that was, to recog-
nize the Roman Republic and conchm:e with it an of-
i'ensive and defensive alliance. That plan had been
proposed to the Constituent Assembly by M. Ledru
Rollin, and supported only by a very small mi-
nority. Its adoption would have been an act of
unpardonable folly. Universal war would have
been its inevitable result, and a political and
religious war at home. It would have been, he
repeated, an act of insanity—the greatest of crimes.
The Cabinet was charged with not fulfilling its
engagements with the Roman people. The French
army had entered Rome without a capitulation, un-
conditionally. It might have dictated terms, but, in
spite of the guet-apens of the 30. h of April, the
insults and murders to which that army was exposed,
France had redeemed her pledge, and France alone,
under existing circumstances, would have acted as she
did. General Cavaignac repudiated all idea of inter-
vention. Now, when no revolution had yet occurred
at Rome, and, on the mere report that the Pope's
person was in danger, the General told M. de Cor-
celles, " We place a brigade at your disposal, with
which you must secure the person of the Pope and
bring him to France." This was not an interven-
tion, it is true ; it was a direct insult to the Pope.
Auraseln;rstaiys
snttGaeta.cuiaana
and
ndewTohbtleui
ibdpndert
ereebntrpyofeaeeu
erirn ewng ,
ndoee
would
atnit
doi
in,
theirm, e
da r ch
by u pt
ho
en cRo
no
fme
re
e. n e
eil eo rf
, Na menacedn
ost
phruot
htnaeusdt-
ha was
v i em
behalf mb
ei ne ne n
.t
had arisen against her intervention, not even
at Gaeta, where it was tacitly approved of. When
compromisectotb hhona
their
iasrtpchpioafirerfbrenesletvcti
hcconscience
Cardinals
aouießpnstt
ihseont ephcaißepublic
alarmed
influence
flu itself. i tcao
cenoedd. ki dopnHfoowosiAtensfhetfioras
raisedt
influences
hi
aoyanh 1 ntleetceomhetshfe.
howatemdhh
His
rct
iGiyhst
already
Frenchootlsvhofe Government
Fr
amanrmeede dnaone
ncntnt
Presi-
dent
French
generous sentiments were heard, as they were, when
an order of the day of the Constituent Assembly spread
discouragement in the ranks of the French army
under the walls of Rome. The President was nut
afraid to proclaim those sentiments in the face of
passions and at the risk of incurring the hatred of
parties. He could not sanction private vengeance
and the re-establishment of old abuses, and he
protested in favour of the French diplomacy, and he
had already protested in favour of the French army.
Al. Victor Hugo had declared that that letter was in
complete opposition with the niotu proprio. M. Odilon
Barrot admitted that it did not realise all the
expectations of the Cabinet, and it was for
that reason it continued to negotiate. tile then
referred to the rumours which had circulated of late
relative to alleged differences between the Cabinet, the
PhAorsepsseeisidneobnflytt,hoofasnetdhwehßoesppaecbulilca, and the majority of the
indignantlyte
speculated
denounced a theble
collision.culpable
The Government was not, he said, ppureuing at Rome
the realisation of chimeras • it demanded for the
Romangovepeoplernmen government
waalsl theitn p
o s slibertiesimpossible
'ReFmahteib;lethweitshadthei
ex-
periment made of that form of governmenterepresewnatastiavne
wants and degree of civilizationcom'
insurmountable obstacle to its establishment, and it
at
was moreover incompatible with th
lsovereignty of
the Pope. His Holiness and Card'nea Antonelli, as
early as the 14th of July, had consentedi to grant the
Cunsulta of State the right of discussingsitand voting
wasiffwtoruuled,
twhheiebhudhgeet,trwusittehd ctheretainnobrleesmtriinctdieodn
Pont
speedily remove. But he here declared, is the
name of the President of the Republic and his
Mi-
nistry, that the idea of extorting by violence any con-
session from the Pope had never been entertained by
them ; and he was authorized by M. Louis Bonaparte
to give those who perceived a menace in his letter a
formal contradiction. The Pope had, moreover, con-
sented to the reform of the courts of law. In a con-
versation he had had with M. de Corcelles the Pontiff
thus expressed himself :—" You French are always in
a hurry. We Romans proceed more slowly ! Let this
not frighten you. I have a good piece of news to
tell you. A code of laws has been of late in progress
of preparation, but we wished to do something agree-
able to France. We have accordingly resolved to
adopt for our model the best of codes —the Code
Napoleon, with a few modifications in certain chap-
ters, such as that of marriage, &c." The Pope had
likewise conceded the most extensive municipal liber-
ties ever enjoyed by the Romans, or, indeed, by any
nation. In conclusion, M. Barrot said that, now
that the Assembly knew the acts and demands of the
Government, and the object it pursued at Rome, it
behoved it to approve or disapprove its conduct; but
the Cabinet was determined to reject any amendment
at variance with the explanations he had given.
After short speeches by MII. CHARLES LAGRANGE 1
and EMILE BARAULT, the whole of the amendments
were rejected without a division, and the first credit