The Sun.
London, England, 1849-03-20 00:00:00

ITALY.

4- The Piedmontese Gazette of the 14th contains the
manifesto of CHA.RLES AnnanT on recommencing the
- war with Austria. It is signed by all the Ministers.
The document lays down that the Italian revolution,
instead of being a sudden impulse, hag been the slow
and sure work of time, by which it was preparedsand
that Italian independence was the object of that re-
volution, the different phases of which have, in fact,
been so many efforts, on the part of the nation to get
rid of the obstacles which stood in the way of its in-
dependence. The manifesto then proceeds to examine
the nature and character of these obstacles. The
leading one is said to be the domination of Austria
land her influence over the different states of the
peninsula, which weighed alike upon people and
Governments. The manifesto then examines
the rights of Austria over Italy, under the three
points of view of feudal reversabilitv, of treaties ante-
rior to those of 1815, and the treaties of IM6. The
feudal right is disposed of by the subsequent tarts and
'treaties chang es
are, b y
alike
which
repelled,
i t i
s declaredas resresulting
ing be annulled.
fromit
arbitrary
i t The
acts of will, and the treaties of 1815 areteld te.lie of
no force in consequence of their repeated, infringe-,
ment. Moreover it is laid down that there are limits
to the powers of a treaty which can only reconcile
differences amongst nations, but not, dispose of their
existence, no more than it can annihilate history,
abolish language, or decree that a transitory position
can be rendered perpetual, despite of the
laws of nature. Italy ought to exist as a
nation ; such is the desire of Italians
for centuries past, expressed in every
way they could express it, as testified by the lan-
guage of their literature. This desire bad already
been manifested by a universal appeal to arms. The
Sardinian Government, so far from repelling the re-
sponsibility of having begun the war, claims honour
for having yielded to the just wishes of the people.
All the Governments of Italy sent their contingents
to the war. Not one had refused. The Sardinian
Government does not feel called upon to explain by
what unfortunate complications Piedmont was lett
alone in the struggle. It is now not thought
advisable to wound, by any recriminatory lan-
guage, those Princes who were then her allies,
i whose misfortune it was to yield to bad advice
and fear, yet Piedmont takes leave to remark
in her own defence, that :the failure of the war and
the changes in central Italy that have since occurred,
are chargeable on those Governments which' refused
to listen to the wishes of their people to reconquer
their independence. The manifesto then vindicates
Piedmont from the insinuations of ambitious inten-
tions and bad faith, that had been artfully put for-
ward to create division, and appeals to the modera-
tion that. was exhibited during the occupation of
Lombardy and the Duchies by her victorious troops.
Piedmont waited tranquilly for the universal suffrage
of the peoples that desired to be united with her. It
is on account of this very vote that Piedmont
feels more than ever bound to recommence the
war for the &fence and delivery of those territories
that formed the theatre of the late campaign. Pied-
mont, although left alone, did not abandon the field ;
I the fate of arms was against her and the armistice
was declared. Having laid down these general
principles the manifesto proceeds to give an account
of the events that had occurred subsequently to the
armistice. Now that armistice had not been re-
spected, nor the implied engagements in which it was
accepted at all fulfilled, on which account it became
incumbent on Piedmont, for the sake of her own
honour, to make a second appeal to arms. The docu-
ment is signed by all the members, including General
CHIODO, whose resignation must consequently have
been falsely announced.
The following proclamation to the National Guards
of Piedmont has been published at Turin :
" On the point of obeying the call of honour and the
wish of my people, it is with pleasure I take the oppor-
tunity of exposing to you how great is the confidence I
place in you. The affectionate solicitude with which, on
a former occasion, you guarded the safety of my family,
public peace, the defence of the monarchy, and con.
stitutional liberty, proves to me that you will answer
with equal ardour to the new appeal which I address
to you. The condition of the country is not less
serious now than it was then; the times are not less
difficult. Your fortitude, your honour and faith will
conquer every obstacle. Strengthened by your aid, my
Government will be fable to maintain public order, the
inseparable companion of real liberty. Any attempt
against our institutions may bo repelled by your assist-
ance. Secure on this score, I, who have consecrated my
life and that of my sons to the cause of Italian indepen-
dence, will rejoice to meet fatigue and danger to obtain
an honourable pence. and that your generous brethren,
who are ready to fight the stranger, and to shed their
blood for their country, may soon return to their fa-
milies. "CHARLES ALBERT.
" Turin, March 13."
By a decree of the 13th; the King of SARDINIA.
has named Prince EUGENE of Carignan Lieutenant-
General
of the Kingdom during his absence. In the
sitting of the Chamber of Deputies of Turin, of the ,
14th, Minister ILITAZZI officially announced the
rupture of the armistice, which announcement was
received with loud applause. The Piedmontese press •
is unanimous in its approval of the measure, and the
same feeling pervades the great mass of the people.
The Milan Gazette of the 13th announces that on
1 the 12th a Major of the Sardinian Corps of Engineers
arrived at the headquarters of his Excellency Field-
Marshal Count RADETZKY, and formally renounced,
in the name of King CHARLES ALUM; the armistice
I concluded on the 9th of August, 1848, between the
two contending armies.
In thus renouncing the armistice CADORNA, the
Sardinian Envoy, stated that though the armistice
1 has been faithfully observed by the Sardinian army,
! nevertheless the Austrians had violated all its con-
! ditions' among other ways, by not restoring the,
1 moiety of the artillery of Peschiera, by the military
I and political occupation of the Duchies, the blockade
lof Venice, and cruelties of all kinds exercised
i towards the people, in lieu of the protection which
I had been promised by the Imperial Government to
life and property, &c. In consequence the Govern-
ment of CHARLES ALBERT declares that it is no
longer bound by the armistice, and denounces it
accordingly.
CADORNA was received by RADRTZKY with the
most perfect politeness. The Marshal made in-
quiriesthe
e nvoa)f,tetro the
dinner,Roy Royal ,
iesmiteaakinvor leave sent
d to keep
General KESS, the Chief of the staff; to accompany
alnd on family,
him. The general, on quitting CADORNA, significantly
said, a bientot. Immediately after, however, the Mar-
shal's humour changed, and he ordered the seizure of
certain inhabit ants to hold as hostages. Orders for
similar seizures were transmitted to all the towns of.
Lombardy. The lives of these persons are not con-
sidered quite safe, for there is reason to fear a rising
of the inhabitants. The PODESTA of Milan was
summoned, and to him were shown the preparations
made to lay Milan in ashes on the first symptom of
insurrection.

The following may be considered as an approxima-
tion towards d, comparative estimate of the forces
under CHARLES" ALBERT and RADETZKT. The for-
mer can put 60,000 men at once in motion. The
troops under 114.13eTzxy are said to be composed of 29
regiments of the. line, 17 frontier battalions, 14 bat-
talions of chasseurs, 14 of grenadiers, and 7 regi-
ments of cavalry, which would give about 120,000
men. Supposing all to be complete, but making all,
due allowances ;for absent battalions of regiments,
troops in depots,,!Sce., RADETZKT can dispose directly
of 100,000 men. But as 30,000 of these troops are
employed to garrison different fortresses, the army
to be brought into the field is estimated at 70,000.
This army is composed of four corps under General!!
WRATISLAW, D'ASPRE, ATPERT, and kIATNAUaIid
with the exception of some 8,000 or 10,000 Italians
disciplined.andlunga rians, are inurefdthteo 8 wth:ranannodu
npecers thfectalyt
The Positiv• of Rome, o
secret sitting of the 7th, had
the Assembly, in the
torrdyi!:ireutimozaryte,potoweprrsovoidne the
r
Executivetdheet e
safetyrm intcf
otrob
vputtee
er
At Venice NINI has been proclaimed Dictator of
the Republic, all power has been concentrated in
in his bands.

SICILY.
REJECTION OF THE ULTIMATUM.

We learn by Correspondence from Palermo of the
Bth, published ;by the Corriere Livornese, that
Admiral PARKE'It, who arrived at Palermo on the 7th
with two ships of the line and the steamer Terrible,
together with Admiral BAUDIN. on board his own
ship, accornpaniid by the Vauban steamer, saluted
the fort with 21 guns, and hoisted the
Sicilian flag on- the mainmast, The two admirals
then waited upon the Minister of Foreign Affairs
BUTHRA, and said they had brought the ultimatum of
the KING. On the following day the Minister returned
his visiton board the admiral's ship,',:andlyas:saluted
with fifteen guns. A council of Ministers was after-
wards held. The ultimatum, says the letter, will be
refused, not only on account of the conditions being
unacceptable, hut because Siti'iy intends to prevent
Naples from faliiog with all her pow'r upon Rome at
this moment. battalions of ;he line have left
Palermo for the seat of war, and the National
Guard of si•lirtal. places hare mohEised themselves
spontaneously
beal'ing that hostilities `were to
commenc .
The organisat.il of the Sicilian army was rapidly
.
apolitans.
I"ceeelilg, and every preparation was being made for
repelling the Ne

___„___---------- s
FRENCII PLAYS AND Or- b"- LOMIQUE.--ST.
JAMES'S THEATRE..—Auber's celebro...,,d,opera Les Dia-
mans de la Coulonne will be performed et this theatre
to morrow eveniag, with a very powerful east, for the
b.nefit of that ae¢ompl.ish. d Pi n rer and public favourite,
LMad ICI ea.
ttalrbi
na rat, oil% td
t lair benificiaire Winne the part ofons. Coudere that of Henrique do
Sandoval; the other characters being sustained 11 Mae.
(49116101 WWI g*Yer, VA Moe. Writh S