The Sun.
London, England, 1838-01-11 00:00:00

CAMBRIDGE-THURSDAY.

(712011 A CORRZIPONDENT.)
FIRE.—We are sorry to inform our readers that another
fire, no doubt the act of an incendiary, has taken place on the
premises of Mr. J. Ellis, of Quy, near Cambridge. The
wretch who committed the former intended it should have
been conclusive, although within a few yards of extensive
premises ; this also by the interposition of Provideoce, broke
cut about nine o'clock on Wednesday morning, and being
d•scovered immediately, by the exertions of numbers of in-
dividuals, the buildings were saved, except a little damage by
removing the thatch to prevent them from being consumed ;
but we are sorry to add four wheat stacks, three barley
stacks, one oat stack, and one whole, and great part of
another, hay stack, were totally consumed.

OTTON-SPINNERS' TRIAL.—From the great in-
terest excited by the trial of the cotton-spinners, and the un-
precedented length of the proceedings, we intend, on Friday
next, to publish a supplementary sheet. As it is highly pro-
bable the verdict will not be returned earlier than Thursday,
the Observer will be the first paper which can give a full re-
port of this extraordinary investigation.—Edinburgh Observer.
THE WEATHER.--LONDON, JAN. 12.--In the
course of last night the thermometer fell to 18. At nine this
morning it stood at 22. There has been almost a continued
fall of snow since yestercay, and the streets are now com-
pletely covered with it to a considerable depth. The greatest
cold last winter was on the 2d of January, when the thermo-
meter fell to 24—not so low by 6 degrees as it was last night.
The Weekly Dispatch of Sunday next, January 14,
1838, will contain the best account of the total destruction by
fire of the Royal Exchange, Lloyd's Coffee House, and adja-
cent buildings, on the evening of Wednesday last, with every
particular connected with the history of the building ; also a
full and descriptive account of the origin of the conflagration,
and other interesting matter connected with the calamity.—
Dispatch Office, 139, Fleet-street.
The weather at present is remarkable—much milder
than we have often experienced in the middle of May. partiesmight be seen last week walking, by hill and stream, as in
t.
esnjoyAing-Coesp
the
eehoenderefnutl day,m without furs,
mentions that in
::rnporiffnf,
oorr
g m-
c6or
the garden of Mr. Macleod, merchant, Tain, peas are in full
sruema t
bloom, and one pod nearly full. Whether we are soon to ex-
perience the truth of the old saying—
As the day lengthens,
The cold strengthens,
we cannot yet foresee, but such a mild Christmas--zuch a
union of January and May—has scarcely been seen in this
northern latitude since the days of old Chaucer himself.—
Inverness Courier.

d PEDESTRIANISM.—A few dais ago, a publican
of Kenilworth, ran the distance of a mile in four minutes and
three quarters, being a quarter of a minute under the time
specified.
A Limerick paper mentions a duck-gun, now on
the stocks for a merchant in that city, of which the barrel
measures eight feet in length, weighs 1141b5., and " is capa
ble of shooting 250 yards."

LONDON :
THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 11, 1333.

TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF THE
EXCHANGE BY FIRE.

In another part of our paper, will be found full
particulars of the above disastrous event.
We are happy in being enabled to state to our
readers connected with the Shipping Interest, that the
whole of the papers and memoranda connected with the
Policies of Insurance effected at LLOYD'S during the
last year have been saved—the Underwriters' drawers
in the different tables have been secured and de.
posited in St. Bartholomew's Church and the Bank of
England, where they are kept till claimed by their
respective owners.

So great was the anxiety to rescue every scrap of
paper, and every species of property, from the
destructive element, that Bank of England notes
to the amount of 4001. or 500/. were, this morning,
found openly lying on a chest, in St. Bartholomew's
Church, which had been there during the whole of the
night, although hundreds of persons had been en-
gaged in depositing property there during the fire.

The business in Parliament on the meeting of the
Houses on Tuesday, and probably for the Session,
will be the most interesting that has engaged the
Legislature since the discussions on the Reform Bill.
The state of the civil war in Canada, the redress of
grievances, and the re-construction of the Colonial
Constitution, will necessarily occupy the most promi-
nent part, and on the measures which the Government
may propose with regard to these three important
topics will be founded the hopes and the opinions of
the public as to their future conduct. For measures
of coercion and severity they are stronger than per-
haps any former Ministry. Any plans for restraining
the privileges of the Colonists, for punishing with ex-
treme rigour the guilty, and for retaining them in sub-
jection more from fear than affection or esteem, will
meet with the support of a party whose great engine
of Government has been brute force, who, when the
people began to call for Reform, gave them the sus-
pension of the Habeas Corpus ; who for ages, with
but very few intervals, have ruled Ireland as a conquered
country, and who have rarely made any concessions
to the people at home, or to our colonies in any part
of the globe, but from dire necessity. The Whig
Administration—who came into office—who were
continued in office for four years—and who, after an
ill-advised dismissal, were again brought back to office
by the affectionate support of the people—will shun
as a pestilence such an example, and avoid a line of
policy
ever followed by the most pernicious results.
The humane disposition of the Nobleman at the head
of the Colonial Department, if his advice be followed,
will secure to the misguided Canadians the most mer-
ciful treatment ; and followed no doubt it will be,
unless the Ministry court self-destruction. Were he to
resign his office from inability to carry his benevolent
wishes into effect, his resignation would be the signal
of their dissolution. That the war will be carried on
with vigour till the Colonists are brought to a sense of
duty, the latest accounts from Canada, and the prepara-
tions in progress at home, hold out almost a certainty ;
and the Legislature will then have to undertake the
peaceful, but not less difficult task, of remodelling the
Constitution in a way that will secure to the French
and British settlers in both provinces equal rights, and
confer on them the roost ample privileges that a co-
lony can demand from the Mother-country. Without
such conditions, it would not be for our advantage,
nor would it be in our power, to keep possession of
Canada. We should have again the same petitions
for redress—the same list of grievances annually
brought before Parliament—and should be forced to
keep down the people at an enormous expense, till
they enlisted the sympathy of other nations ; and some
unforeseen emergency at home, or a foreign war, com-
pelled England—after much vain expenditure
and great loss of life—to give up the con-
test I The time, too, is come for settling the
affairs of Ireland, and it affords great consolation to
the friends of that afflicted country to find that her
prospects are now so bright. The conduct of the people
for the last two years—their total abstinence from any
thing like collision with the discontented in any of
our colonies—and their unbounded loyalty to the pre-
sent Sovereign, entitle them to the highest praise,
and call on every Tory, Whig, and Radical in Great
Britain to unite in doing them justice. Never was
there a time more propitious, or an occasion when it
could be granted with such good grace, or received
with more kindly feelings.

•
We hare reason to believe that the LORD CHAN-
CELLOR has had before him for some time the re-
appointment of old, and the selection of new country
Magistrates. His Lordship knows very well that
this is a matter of vital importance to the people of
England, and that much is expected at his hands.
While rotten Boroughs existed, such rotten ioroughs
were the arteries of corruption. The country Magis-
trates in counties, and self-elected Corporations in
towns, were the veins intersecting nearly the whole
body politic, and conveying foul poison, and not healthy

blood, from the extremities to the heart. Many of
those evils, thank GOD, have been abated. The Mu-
nicipal Bill has purified the towns ; but it was found
not so easy to get rid of the corrupt influences that
hung over the rural districts. The land was over-
ridden with Parson and Tory Justices, and great
counties were held in the Light gripe of haughty Lords-
Lieutenant. However notorious the factious and des-
potic opinions of those functionaries, both high and

low, there was no fair or constitutional excuse for de-
priving them of their offices. It has not been the
practice, and we hope it never will be the prac-
tice, to subject Magistrates to indignities merely on
account of their opinions—hence, howerer palpable
the hostility of such Magistrates to both Government
and people, they could not very well be removed with-
out their having committed some overt act to justify such
removal. It is true the Tories dismissed the late Earl
FITZWILLIAM for attending a public meeting on the

Manchester massacre ; but such dismissal was most
violently attacked by the friends of liberal principles

for its unconstitutional character, and it would therefore
ill become them to act upon it as a precedent. There is
no necessity, however, at this time for such a prece-
dent, or for the slightest deviation from the delicacy
that has generally been observed towards the nomi-
nees of the Lor&-Lieutenant, in effecting a great
and beneficial change. The commencement of a new
reign affords a most admirable opportunity for placing
many of the friends of the people on the bench; which
opportunity, if the Government, from any infirmity of
purpose, do not embrace, they will most richly deserve
the inevitable fate that will await them in forthcoming
County Elections. We are glad that one notorious
Metropolitan Magistrate, who rarely knew how to
temper dignity with mildness, or look with compassion
upon misfortune, has, for very sufficient reasons, felt it
prudent to retire, and we think the Government is
deserving of some praise for the means by which it pro-
duced such a result ; but this, though good as far
as it goes, is nothing compared to the vast and bene-
ficial alteration which might be effected. Vie will
just point out one way to which we ask the most fas-
tidious to advance—if they can—a single personal or
constitutional objection. The Reform Bill has divided
most of the Counties of England, and now by the
operation of that Bill each division is almost as much
a County in itself as the whole was before. If for the
purpose of the representation of the franchise, why not
for the administration of justice, act upon such division?
Why not have a Lord-Lieutenant for each half ? Give
the present Noblemen the choice as to which division
they will severally continue to govern ; or give each of
them that division in which his property is chiefly
situated ; and then there would be no dismissals—no
removals—no indignity—no injustice—each would
continue the title and rank he at present holds, with
merely the addition of north, or north-east, or west
affixed to his locality ;—while at the same time another
might be appointed to the distant district who re-
sided upon it, and whose opinions were not in
hostility either to the Ministers of the Crown, or the
liberties of the people. This would lead to a

just and permanent - increase of an independent
and popular Magistracy, and in time ef-
fectually cure the evil which has so long and
so cryingly existed. We could heap instances upon
instances of the perverse spirit with which Tory Lords-
Lieutenant are animated in refusing to recommend
Magistrates for districts where they are absolutely
wanted, merely because those resident gentlemen who
cannot be passed over take a different line of politics
to the Lords-Lieutenant. In a parish connected with
the metropolis, containing 50,000 souls and immense
property, there is but one resident magistrate who
is 70 years of age, another having removed sometime
ago, and a third being a Parson Justice, who considered
it prudent some years since to absent himself without
making any noise in so doing, and whose return is neither
desired nor expected. In many cases the presence of
more than one Magistrate is necessary for justice-
business, and upwards of 700 of the most respectable
inhabitants of all parties in this parish, feeling the
inconvenience, have petitioned the LORD CHAN-
CELLOR to let them have another Magistrate, on the
ground that the Lord-Lieutenant (whose family are
the greatest sinecurists in the kingdom), will not
stir in the matter, in consequence of the liberal opi-
nions entertained by the gentleman whom all acknow-
ledge to be the fittest for the office. Other cases of a
similar character are also before his Lordship, and
have been so for months—yet nothing is done. Why ?
Will the Government take our hint, and then the
reason that restrains them will be removed perma-
nently and effectually.

In our columns of this day will be found the sub-
stance of a Parliamentary Return, moved for on the
23d of last month, embodying all that is important in
the official correspondence between the Colonial Se-
cretary and the Lieutenant-Governor of Lower Ca-
nada, from the Bth of March 1837, to the 6th of
December following, inclusive. We cannot suffi-
ciently impress upon our readers the attention with
which it behoves all who are not perfectly acquainted
with the progress of insurrection in the Lower Pro-
vince, and who know nothing of the extreme reluc-
tance of the Government to adopt harsh measures, to
peruse these extracts carefully, before venturing to
decide upon the merits of the question at issue between
the Colonial insurgents and the Mother-country. The
despatches of Lord GOSFORD reflect the highest credit
upon his Lordship's sense of justice and humanity ; and
the many fruitless expedients had recourse to by the
Government ir ere, in order to avert an appeal to arms
on the part of the deluded Canadians, fully demon-
strates the pain with which Ministers saw themselves
at last compelled to oppose force by force with a view
to afford protection to the peaceable inhabitants, and
to vindicate the majesty of Great Britain. Lord
GOSFORD seems to have been but very imperfectly in-
formed of the intentions of the leading revolutionists
before it was too late to check them effectually. Thus
so late as the month of April last we find him address-
ing Lord GLENELG in these words : " I see no
chance whatever of any serious commotion here in
consequence of your proceedings. As to armed resistance
I see no ground for apprehending anything of the
kind." The proceedings here referred to, are LordJOIIN
RUSSELL'S well-•known coercive resolutions, of which
copies had been transmitted to the Governor-in-chief,
before they were brought forward in the House of
Commons. Now, Lord GOSFORD'S experience of
the temper of the House of Assembly, acquired
from personal observation, and his knowledge
of the career of his immediate predecessor, ought
to have convinced him, that the adoption, by
the ImperiallParliament, of the Resolutions submitted
to him would be followed by a political hurricane in
the Province. But up to the moment when the de-
signs of the rebels could no longer be concealed, Lord
GOSFORD trusted that by a judicious exercise of the
power vested in him---by steering a middle course
between the Ultra-Royalists on one side, and the
Ultra-Democrats on the other—he would baffle
the schemes of the disaffected, by leaving them
without any pretext for taking up arms. We
must here praise the Governor's heart, at the expense
of his head. In his early calculations he manifested
but a sorry share of political sagacity : nor was it be-
fore September that he became apprehensive of any
real danger. He then found that he had previously
miscalculated the strength, and misunderstood the ob-
ject of the outcry raised by the PAPINEAU party. In

a dispatch, dated Sept. 2, he thus expresses the con-
viction that then first dawned upon him :
It is evident that the Papineau faction are not to be satis-
fied with any concession that does not place them in a more
favourable position to carry into effect their ulterior ()Wets,
namely, the separation of the country from England, and the
establishment or a Republican form of Government. Mr.
Papineau has gone such lengths that he must now persevere in
the course he has taken, or submit to a defeat, which would
annihilate all his power and influence. The plan he pursues
clearly shows that he is determined to do all he can to obtain
his ends.

In another despatch, dated seven days later, Lord
GOSFORD, in demanding extraordinary powers to meet
the urgency of the case, details more fully the conclu-
sion at which he had finally arrived, respecting the in-
tentions of the disaffected, and the only way which
appeared to him likely to frustrate them :

We can now make no terms with Mr. Papineau ; you must
either put him down, or submit to let him put you down ;
there is no halting between two opinions. By at once irr-
creasing the power of the Executive and suspending the con-
stitution, you at once paralyse the designs of these mis-
chievous men ; it would establish confidence in the minds of
those disposed to peace and good government, and at no dis-
tant period you might be solicited to restore the Constitution
to the province, under arrangements better calculated to afford
satisfaction than could be accomplished by any effort or propo-
sal in the present state of things ; for, until you nullify; Papi-
neau's power, you can never be in a position to treat on ana-
thing like fair and liberal terms with a man of his extravagant,
uncompromising, destructive views, exercising as he does com-
plete control over the minds of many who have been too long
accustomed to be under his yoke. As I stated in former let-
ters I do not expect any serious commotion ; at the same time,
when I see so many clever unprincipled engines in action,
yielding implicit obedience to*the mandates of such a man as
Mr. Papineau, it is impossible to set limits to the extent of
mischief they may construct. The jealousy that exists
between the two origins, is also a powerful instrument in
the hands of a Convention, or Central Committee, as be-
fore alluded to ; and corresponding as they no doubt
do, with various parts of the province. The two
extremes arc doing incalculable mischief, and must dis-
gust every friend to liberal measures. The feelings of
the great body of the French Canadians are decidedly
loyal, and favourable to peace and order—and it now rests
with the Government by wise and judicious measures, to
protect them from the designs of those who are now working
upon their credulity by the most gross misrepresentations and
contrivances. The jealousy that existed between the two
races, I found upon my arrival here had reached such a height
that from the first I considered it one of the principal obstacles
to a satisfactory adjustment of difficulties. I must, however,
observe that this has been greatly diminished ; and I can reckon
as friends to my administration a large proportion of the reason-
able and liberal men of the province. The ultras on both
sides are struggling for ascendancy, and my determined oppo-
sition to the views of both in this respect, perhaps may in so-me
measure account for their hostility to me, but I cannot re-
linquish my principles on this point.
From the date of these extracts it is manifest that
Lord GOSFORD had his eyes opened too late. The
winter, in fact, had set in ; and no precautions were
taken to render abortive any attempt at rebellion. It
is evident that the defeat of the PAPINEAU party
under such circumstances could only result from the
staunch loyalty of the majority of the people in both
Provinces. The insurrection has now every chance
of being put down, without the presence of a single
additional regiment from this country.

The Paris Journals of Tuesday have all been re-
ceived, from which we have gleaned the following
extracts :
We have the following from Bona, dated 31st Dec.:—
" Since the arrival of Major-General Negrier at Constan-
tine, of which he has taken the command, the face of affairs in
our province is changed, and we, unhappily, begin to fear that
the negotiations with Achmet Bey, interrupted by the death
of General Damremont, are going to be resumed. It is even
said, that in consequence of certain indications, the old Bey
has drawn nearer to Constantine, into which city he hopes soon
to return. Various circumstances are said to have occasioned
the recal of General Bernelle, whose energetic character
could not have accommodated itself to the viols of the Go-
vernment. We spent much money for the expedition to Tle-
mccen, in the province of Oran, and thlt place was afterwards
abandoned; it will be the same with Constantine."

Lord Clanricarde has just arrived at Paris. —Le Constitu-
tional.

The news of the approaching return to France of part of
the squadron in the Levant is confirmed by letters from
Smyrna, brought to Toulon by the Indienne transport. We
hear by this channel that Admiral Gallois was on shore to re-
cover his health.

We have letters from Bona of 29th December, which say
that troops were withdrawn from that part of the regency to
Algiers. Marshal Vallee seems resolved to occupy Blida.
Colonel Delarue was at Bona, on the point of going to
invest Constantina and the intermediate stations.
The convoys between Constantine and Bona were fre.

quent, but tne train loses many borses.-Le Commerce.
FRENCH FUNDS -Yams, JAN. 9.
Five per Cents., 108 f 46;!.. 55c. 335. 40c.
Four and a Half Der Cents. 115 f.
Four per tents., lclf. 30c.
three per Cents., 79f. 10c. 20c. 15c. sc.
Bank Actions, 2,5&,f. 2,570 f.
Remo de Naples, 98f. 15e. 10c. 98f.
Roman Five per Cents., 101 100%.
Spanish Actives, 21t4
Spanish Passives, 4%14.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cants, 1033,.
Belgian Bank, 1,455 f.
Portuguese Loan, 'lhree per Cents. 19 19LA.
Haytian Loan, 390 f. 352 f. 50c.
EXCHANGA ON LONDON.
One month, paper, --f. -c. ; money, 25f. 47%c
Three months, paper, 25f. 3234 c. ; money, 254 30c.
LAST PRICES.
Five per Cents. 108 f. 60c.
Three per Cents., 791. 20c.
Bank Actions, 2,570 f.
'lonians' 100%.
Belgian Loan, 103%.
Belgian Bank, 1,455 f.
Portuguese Three per Cents., 19.
Spanish Actives,
Spanish Passives, 4
Haytian Loan, 3512. f. 500.

CHANCERY COURT.-(THIS DAY.)

This being the first day of Hilary Term, the Lord Chancellor enter-
tained the Judges, Masters in Chancery, King's Counsel, &a. to break-
fast at his house in Brutcn.street, from whence they went in state to
Westminster, to take their scats in their respective Courts. The Lord
Chancellor tuok his seat at two o'clock, accompanied by the Master o f
the Rolls, the Vice-Chancellor, and Masters Wingfield and Senior.
His Lordship proceeded with appeal motions.