The Sun.
London, England, 1849-12-15 00:00:00

EVENING, DECEMBER IA 1849.

be laid at his door—it could not be said of him that
he was ungrateful, or that he dared not meet the
farmers of England in every part of the country. He
met the farmers of England in every field in which they
congregated; he told them of the great importance it was
to them and to the landowners, and to the labourer
too, that the agriculture of the country should be
improved; and he reminded them that upon agricul-
ture depended the well being of the whole of the
empire, and he told them to put their shoulders to
the wheel, and do the best they could, be the result
whatever it might. He exhorted them, at all
events, to endeavour to improve the agriculture of
the country; for he would say of agriculture as he had
already said of cattle, that if good farming would not
pay he would defy bad farming to pay. He thanked
them from his heart for the compliment they had paid
him, and for electing him president of that association.
He regretted that there were not more young land-
owners present in the room ; for, at his time of life,
he could not expect to preside long over them, but he
had hoped to have seen young stock paraded before
them, from among which they might have fixed upon
some future preside nt. As long as he had health he
would never abandon the Smithfield Cattle Club.
Of the numerous associations for the improvement
of agriculture he knew none the funds of which were
in a more satisfactory state, and he took that as a
proof that a great body of the agricultural interest
believed the club ought to be patronized.—(Hear,
hear.) He believed that they had in the banker's
hands more than sufficient, without collecting the
subscriptions of the year, to pay the whole of the
prizes.—(hear, hear.) Again thanking them warmly
for the reception they had given him, the Noble Duke
concluded by expressing a hope that next show the
landowners would "show" in greater numbers.
The CHAIRMAN shortly rose again and proposed
the health of the " Unsuccessful Candidates." Usually
there was a great deal of difficulty in getting anybody
to return thanks for this toast, but he hoped there
would be none in this case, and he named Mr. John
Villiers Shelley and the Hon. Mr. Wilson to respond.
Those gentlemen having severally acknowledged
the compliment in handsome terms, the , toasts of
" The Judges of the Show" and " The Stewards of
the Show-yard" were drunk and acknowledged. The
health of the Secretary was then duly honoured, and
Mr. B. GIBBS returned thanks.
The company soon afterwards separated.

THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S

COLLEGE AT HAILEYBURY.

With the return of Christmas festivities and Christ-
mas vacations, the greater part cf our readers must
have learned by this time to associate the recurrence
of the half-yearly examinations at the sister institu-
tions of the Hon. East India Company at Addis-
combe and Haileybury. But although the reports
of the proceedings on these occasions furnish, with
more or less directness, abundant proof of the value
of these institutions in training our English youth
for civil and military service in India, yet it may be
doubted whether the full interest cf these periodical
examinations can be fully reali,cd except by the
favoured few who have the gratification of receiving
the invitation of the Hon. Court of Directors to
" assist" upon these occasions. At Addiscombe 150
gentlemen cadets, between the ages of fourteen and
eighteen, are educated for the Indian army, forty-
seven of whom were selected fur commissions. At
the College et Haileybury, about ninety gentlemen,
between the ages of seventeen and twenty-one, arc
instructed in the oriental languages, in the principles
of murals, law, logic, and Jurisprudence, and are
fitted for the high requirements of the civil
service of India. The course of education pur-
sued under accomplished professors at the two
institutions, to develope the somewhat opposite moral
and intellectual qualities that distinguish the Court
and the Camp, is one of the first things that strikes
the visitors ; and all the minor accessories of dress,
customs, and discipline confirm this impression. At
Addiscombe the cadets wear a handsome uniform, go
through the evolutions of the parade ground with
remarkable smartness, appear to
,enjoy high hex! th,
and cultivate a manly and soldier.-like bearing, which
denotes how thoroughly they have caught the spirit
of their future profession. Their manner under ex-
amination, while it is sufficiently respectful, is, how-
ever, somewhat brusque, as of men whose destiny it
is to command as well as to obey, and who will en-
force obedience under the stern sanctions of military
discipline. The genius l.ci at Haileybury is, on the
other hand, more metaphysical, so to speak ; more
studious, more literary, and more refined. The
student there " walks gowned ;" "Old Remus' ghost
is busy at his brain," and strange caligraphic charac-
ters in Sanscrit, the "mother of languages,"
Persian, and Hindustani, not to mention Te-
loogoo and Hindee, which " quite had puzzled the
stout Stagyrite," float withal before his eyes in end-
less mazes. The training he receives is of the charac,
ter that will best enable him to cope with the sub-
tlety of the Hindoo intellect, to track the progress of
an intrigue in the courts of native princes—and to
make himself familiar with all the phases of the
Oriental vices of deceit, dissimulation, and treachery.
To do
.this efficiently presupposes no inconsiderable
acquaintance with the springs of human action, the
laws of the human mind, and the workings of the
human heart. These subjects form a portion of the
course of study at Haileybury, and the habits of nice
metaphysical distinction, and the knowledge of logical
processes which they require, stamp the physiognomy
and bearing of the student with a reflective air and
courteous manner, which are as marked in their way
as the blunter address of the gentleman cadet. The
Haileybury students, in short, possess the suaviter in
mode that usually characteriz the diplomatist and the
scholar, while the Addiscombe cadets are not less
distinguished by the fortiter in re which sits so
gracefully upon the soldier. Set the Gordian knot
before them, and the instincts of the one do not more
surely lead him to cut it than of the other to untie
and unravel it. This is not the place to examine
which course of policy has been more uniformly
successful in India, nor how it has happened that so
many of our more successful diplomatists in India
have been soldiers. Both have their uses and may
point to their respective triumphs. It is enough to
know that the pacification of the Indian peninsula
will enable the Addiscombe officer to direct his science
to the construction of railways, bridges, and other
useful public works, while the civil servants may be-
come the active agents of a Government which,
having nothing to apprehend from the meshes
of native intrigue, will be able to direct
its entire energy and resources to the ad-
ministration of justice among the native population,
to the just apportionment of taxation, to the develop-
ment of the industrial prosperity of India, and generally
to the comfort, education, and civilization of its un-
counted millions. The sight of so many high spirited
and ardent youths, anxious to throw themselves into
one of the vastest and noblest fields of usefulness that
the history of the world ever presented, is one upon
which no visitor can look unmoved, least of all those
who are related to these young men by the ties of
blood. The excellent half-yearly addresses of the
Chairmen of the Hon. Court bear testimony to the
affectionate solicitude which the Court of Directors
take in the comfort and happiness of their young
protlges, and many of them having themselves grown
old in the civil and military service of India, point
out with parental solicitude to students and gentlemen
cadets the snares and temptations which beset the
English youth on his arrival in India. Then warn-
ings and counsels from men who have grown grey
in years and in honours, and who have not unsuccess-
fully steered their barks among those rocks upon
which others have been shattered, impart something
of deep and personal interest to the occasions when
the Hon. Court attend to ,eyince their undiminished
interest and concern in the personnel of their Indian
administration.

Yesterday the half-yearly examination of the
students took place at the College, before the Chair•
man of the Hon. East India Company, Major- General
Sir Archibald Galloway, K.C.8., the Deputy-
Chairman, Mr. John Shepperd, and the following
directors :—Sir 11. Willock, K.L.S., Mr. W. 11. C.
Plowden, M.P., Mr. J. C. Whiteman, Mr. Ross D.
Mangles, M.P., and Mr. W. J. Eastwick.
The following visitors were also present :—The
Right Hon. Sir G. Arthur, Major General Sir G.
Pollock, G-.C.13., Sir George Russell Clerk, Mr. J. H.
Crawford, Mr. J. C. Morris, Mr. Alderman Copeland,
M.P., Mr. W. F. M. Copeland, Mr. G. C. Capper,
Major Chase, Captain Nairne, Mr. J. Chapman, Rev.
R. Heap, Mr. R. Hunter, Mr. C. A. Saunders, Mr. J.
Thorp. Civilians at kome on furlough—Messrs. C.
T. Le Bas, J. W. Cherry, H. B. Harington, C.
Forbes, J. J. Cotton, E. T. Trevor.
The directors and their friends assembled at the
East India House, at half-past nine o'clock, ‘l here an
excellent breakfast was provided by Messrs Bathe
and Breach, of the London Tavern. At half•past
ten a special train left the Shoreditch station of the
Eastern Counties Railway, which conveyed the party,
consisting of about 50 gentlemen, to Broxbourne,
where carriages were in readiness to convey them to
Haileybury. On their arrival they were received by
the Rev. H. Melvin, the Principal, and the profes-
sors of the instituticn. The directors were engaged
during a brief interval in receiving from the Prin-
cipal his usual report of the proficiency and conduct
of the students during the present term. From the
report, which was highly satisfactory, we select the
following passages :

" Out‘Vt.Bo sitYdNnts who have been under examination
only two have failed to reach the prescribed tests, aid
those two have failed only in one department. The
other 78 have not merely passed, but a very large pro-
portion of them have displayed attainments considerably
exceeding what is actually required, no fewer than 61
having obtained honours, and 44 of them having
reached the highest rank—that of • highly distinguished.'
All the students of the fourth term have been found duly
qualified for leaving college, and have all obtained
honours—ten being "highly distinguished.' With
regard particularly to the Oriental classes the visitor
remarka that they have acquitted themselves with very

uniform credit. One student of the fourth term, Mr. J.
Colvin, besides highly distinguishing himself in the ordi-
nary course of study, having gained the medal in Sans-
crit and a prize in Persian, has acquired an acquaint-
ance with the Arabic language to SR Pxtent which has
rarely, if ever, been equalled in the college. Another,
Mr. Chapman, has also entitled himself to a reward for
his knowledge of Hindee, in addition to the honours be
has deserved in Persian and Hindustani, in both of which
the medal has been awarded to hint."

The Rev. Principal's report proceeded to state that,
with regard to the students, the conduct of the great
body had been exemplary, it homing been as much
distinguished by regular conformity to the rules of
the place as by diligent attention to their studies.
The company shortly afterwards assembled in the
Examination hall of the institution.

The proceedings commenced by the list of prizes
being read by Mr. Hooper as follows :

MEDALS, PRIZES, AND OTHER EIONOURABLE PISTINC.
TIONS OF STUDENTS LEAVING COLLEGE, DECEMBER

1849.

Chapman—Highly distinguished, with medals in
classics, mathematics, political economy and history,
law, Persian, and Hindustani, and prizes in Sanscrit
and Hindi.

J. 11. B. Colvin—Highly distinguished, with medal
in Sangerit, and prizes in Persian and Arabic.
F. R. Cockerell—Highly distinguished, with prize
in Hindustani.

T. N. Chase—Highly distinguished, with medal in
Teloogoo.
Grant, Muipratt, J. J. Gray, Lawford, Broadhurst,
Neave— Highly distinguished.
B. W. Colvin, Spencer, J. M. Lowis, Pollock,
Coulthurst, P. C. Forbes, and G. S. Forbes—passed
with great credit.
PRIZES AND OTHER HOtOURABLE DISTINCTIONS OF STU
DENTS REgAINING IN COLLEGE.

mental in opening through Central India roads con-
necting the presidency of Bombay with that of Agra;
and what is more, he has enabled the merchant tra-
veller to carry his goods in safety, and unsearched,
through tracks and forests, which before were the
abodes of wild beasts, and of men hardly less hostile
to the traveller than the beasts of the forest. How
has this been done ? The roads were made at the
joint expense of our own Government and of the
native states through which they pass, and with the
assistance of those very will tribes, the Bheels, who
in former times were so inhospitable. The roads are
comparatively excellent. The traveller, at the
commencement of his journey, pays his toll for
the distance he intends to go, calculated not upon
what he carries, but by the number of his draught
cattle; his ticket for this is his warrant, and he pro-
ceeds on his journey without impediment with con-
fidence and delight, for the very Bheels are now his
protectors, because those primitive beings have their
share of the tolls in proportion to their aid in the
construction of the road, and the land belonging to
them through which it passes. " All Bheel plunder-
ing has ceas.d, all detention has been done away with;
a small Bheel chief, with two and a half miles of road,
gets as his share of the tolls 1,000 rupees per annum,"
and thus the traveller passes freely and with safety.
I read this with great joy when first it was brought
to my notice. here is civilizition going hand in
haLd with the progress cf public works.—(llear.)
I must also mention another instancy to you of
successful tact in this department. The widow of
Jusurent Rao llalkar was desirous of laying out a
lac of rupees as an act of pion's benevolence in

constructing a ghat or bathing place fur Ilindoos,
the river near indore. Mr. Hamilton heard of this,
and he suggested to her that if a bridge across the
river were also built there might be ghats on both
sides. She readily caught at this, but she said,
how am Ito get the bridge built ? Mr. Hamilton
immediately offered his assistance; and with his
own knowledge of engineering, by the last accounts
I have had, a beautiful stone bridge of nine arahes
was in the course of comph tion over a river on a line
of great traffic, which for many days at a time was
often impassable. I mention these things to show
you what a field there is open for you to promote the
public good. To you, gentlemen, who are to leave
college for India, I would address a few words. You
have, before you enter the public service, to acquire a
knowledge of two vernacular languages in use at
your presidency ; for until you understand the lan-
guage of the people you will be unfit for public duty.
You must get through this ordeal with credit, for
your character in the public opinion will be estimated
very much by your career in colikige there. Having
passed, you will then become rear members of the
public service. Every act of puMic duty you per-
form will affect others as well aVyourselves. You
must maintain all the gravity aril steadiness of cha-
racter of a man charged with important affairs.
Remember that, humble though they may be over
whom your power or your influence may extend, yet
that they confide in you, that they look to you for
protection and justice, and that they are your fellow-
subjects of the British Crown. Forget not that
it is your duty to raise them in the scale of
civilization ; and this you can only do by show-
ing them, in your own person, an example
of virtue. You will find the natives of India pos•
sessed of many good qualities ; but to avail yourselves
of these, you must know not only their langusge but
their customs, even their faults ; but especially you
must know your own duty thoroughly. If you pos•
seas those qualifications you will find them able and
valuable assistants ; but you must not implicitly rely
upon any man. Hear all ; judge for yourself. Be
punctual, regular, methodical. Without steadiness
of character, all your attainments, all your talents, so
called, will not avail you. In the ordinary affairs of
life, depend upon it, steady diligence is the passport
to promotion. Great incidents are the exceptions—
ordinary duties are the rule; and be assured that by
the manner in which you perform these will your fit-
ness be judged of for higher employment. Towards
the natives generally I cannot offer you better advice
than to treat them with good temper and great for-
bearance. Be kind to them, but not familiar with

them. As on a former occasion I observed to you,
so I now repeat; I have never known any one habitually
ill- tempered towards the natives rise to eminence in
the service. There is another subject to which I would
call your particular attention, and that is, economy in
your expenditure. I earnestly warn you against get-
ting into debt. Debt in all countries is ruinous;
in India it is absolute destruction.—(Cheers.) Look
at those who have been driven from our service to
poverty and shame. What has been their ruin ?
Heedless, thoughtless, extravagance, debt; and debt
has led to dishonour. As you priz?' then, everything
that is most dear to you, scrupulously shun pecuniary
embarrassment.— (Hear.) My young friends—let
me again remind you that you are to become members
of a body to which England has delegated more ex-
tensive power than she has ever before committed to
man—the civil administration of an empire of more
than 100,000,000 of her subjects. You are to join
men, who, by devotion to the public service, high
talents, energy of character, spotless integrity, have
signally upheld the British name. The honour, the
reputation, of that body you will have to maintain.
That is to done by following the career of those dis-
tinguished men who have gone before you, some of
whom lam happy to see here this day. And I will tell
you, gentlemen, how they earned their reputation. It
was by their devotion to the public service—by their
talents applied thereto with energy and perseverance—
by their spotless integrity. And I will tell you also, that
in no service on earth is a man so sure of working out
his own success as that on which you are about to
enter. And now, Gentlemen, let me address to you
a few words before we part. I have endeavoured to
place before you some of the prominent features of
the duty you owe to your profession and to your
country. But remember you have a higher duty
still—that which you owe to Him in whom:you exist,
the strength of nations, the Ruler of kingdoms. I
beseech you, my young friend, forget not Him—com-
mit yourselves habitually to His protection. He will
enlighten your minds ; He will bless your labours
with success ; in the hour of danger He will uphold
you ; and He will support you in the day of trouble.
Farewell, my young friends, and may the blessing of
the Almighty rest upon you.—(Cheers.)
The Chairman, accompanied by the other directors
and their friends, then adjourned to the library,
where an elegant entertainment awaited them ; after
partaking of which, together with the rest of the com-
pany, they shortly left the college for Broxbourne,
where the train was in readiness to convey them to
town. They arrived without accident at the Shore-
ditch station at about four o'clock, much gratified by
the day's arrangements and proceedings.

THE EARTH-WORM.
(From Eliza Cook's Journal.)
Uncouth and even offensive-looking as the common
earth-worm appears, there is much in its natural his-
tory and habits both instructive and useful. The
worm belongs to an extensive tribe of animals, called
by the the celebrated French naturalist Cuvler, the
Annelidas, from the Latin word annulus, a ring; the
animals composing the class, being formed of a series
of circles, perhaps answering the purpose of the spine
and bones of the higher animals. Some of the worm
tribe form cells for themselves in which they live,
while others simply burrow in the ground, or float in
water, as the earth-worm and the useful leech, without
any apparent coverings. To this large class belongs
that destructive animal the wood-worm, which is ao
destructive to ships, and to piles of wood when in
water. The unseen labours of this insidious worm
are the more dangerous, that it in general leaves the
outer surface of the timber untouched, while the in-
terior portion is but a mass of dust, which the
slightest accident may break. Unfortunately the
wood-worm is now but too common in our own seas,
although it is supposed to have originally come from
the tropics.
The earth-worm differs from its more destructive
brother, by having no visible outward covering, by
burrowing in the ground, and being but partially
oviparous; leeches and earth-worms depositing cap-
sules, as they are called, containing many embryo
young. The worm subsists upon decayed vegetable
matter, such as leaves, and where these are to be
had it seldom touches a living plant. In the autumn,
or early winter, its labours are best seen, for the
earth being strewed with the dead leaves from plants,
it is busily engaged in dragging them into the earth,
first for food, and afterwards as a manure to the
soil. The worm, however, is often a source of
great annoyance to those who preserve plants in the
house in winter. If care has not been taken to ex-
clude them from the pots, they are apt in the ab-
sence of other sources of nourishment to attack
the roots, or other parts of plants which may
be within their reach. In such cases we have some-
times been compelled to take the plant from the pot,
and pressing the soil gently, force the worm from its
lair. Many, however, use lime water, or a solution
of corrosive sublimate, which has the effect of de-
stroying the worm. This process is sometimes
necessary in gardens, where plants, whose leaves
recline on the ground, are liable to be injured by the
worm; but in destroying the poor animal we should
never forget its usefulness. Let us look to its labours
over all nature, and not to the slight injury we may
receive from an act of self-preservation. Look at it
in the autumn, in fields and woods, carrying the
leaves that strew the ground down through the small
aperture formed by its bcdy into its winter home, and
then think of the result of such labours. The soil is
fertilized, the trees and grass flourish, and what is
stealthily carried down from the surface is given to
the roots of plants, or cast up as excrement to the
surface, at once a source of nourishment and gratifi-
cation to man. The worm is indeed a great agri-
culturist.

The Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord President of the
Council), left town yesterday for his seat, 13owood
Park, Wilts.