The Sun.
London, England, 1838-11-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1838.

The prosecutor was cross-examined at great length by
the prisoner, but many of the questions appeared irrelevant.
Mr. Hodson Goode, a clerk in the London and West-
minster Bank, proved the payment of the cheque.
The prisoner addressed the Jury in a very becoming man-
ner,iand threw himself on the mercy of the Court and Jury.
Ile admitted the fact but declared that he had no pre-
meditation to defraud or injure Mr. Shaw, and if death were
the consequence he would not put a plea of " Guilty" on
the record.

The COMMON-SERGEANT said, there was no doubt but
that the prisoner took the cheque improperly, but the
question was did he take it feloniously.
Mr. PRENDERGAST, the barrister, stated that he had
known the prisoner all his life, ana his conduct had been
most exemplary.
Another respectable person gave similar testimony.
The Jury consulted for a considerable time, and then re-
turned a verdict of Guilty ; accompanied with a very strong
recommendation to mercy, in which they were joined by the
prosecutor, who kindly abandoned a second indictment.
The COMMON-SERGEANT said the prisoner owed much to
the prosecutor and Jury, and the judgment of the Court was
that he be confined in the House_of Correction for three
calendar months.

The prisoner bowed respectfully and retired from the bar

BOW-STREET.-(THIS DAY.)

A journeyman bootmaker, named Archibaldßeed, of 14
Litchfield-street, Soho, was charged with assaulting a re-
spectable woman and her husband, under the following
circumstances :

Mrs. Susan Martin, 35, Portland-street, Soho, stated
that on passing through Great Russell-street last night,
about half-past ten o'clock, accompanied by her husband,
who had occasion to retire for a moment, the defendant,
who was a perfect stranger, came up to her, and, after
using disgusting language, committed an indecent assault
upon her. Her husband came up before the defendant had
time to get away, and on relating the circumstance to him,
he turned round to seek for a policeman, when the defen-
dant repeated the offence, and as he refused to go away, her
husband attempted to move him, but he became ♦ery vio-
lent and struck him with a stick. Witness came forward
to protect her husband, and she was met with a blow which
felled her to the ground, from the effects of which her side
was injured.
John Martin, husband of the complainant, corroborated
her statement, adding that the defendant had been drink-
ing, but knew well what he was about.
Constable Mable proved that lie saw the complainant's
husband bleeding in the mouth when he was called to take
the defendant into custody.
The defendant said a small quantity of drink had a pow-
erful effect upon him, and he did not know what he was
doing.
Mr. TWYFORD (with the concurrence of Mr. Thistleton,
a county Magistrate) ordered him to pay a fine of 51., or
go to prison for two months.
The defendant instantly paid the fine, and IA as dis-
charged.

BEDFORDSHIRE CONSERVATIVE

DEMONSTRATION.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR—On Thursday last a snug party dined together in
the town of Bedford, and as this demonstration was to strike
something like dismay, terror, or wonderment, among the
Whig-Radicals of the county, Cambridgeshire sent a few,
Buckinghamshire its portion, Huntingdonshire its modicum ;
whether the fens of Lincolnshire, or the hills of Hertford-
shire forwarded their detachments, I know not, but alto-
gether the imposing spectacle of nearly 200 sat down
together.
.6 Laymen all good and true, and Priests elate, •
Pledged to support themselves, and Church and State."
The dinner went off, of course, as usual ; eating and
drinking, nodding and wino-ing, was the beginning and
ending of the gastric exhibition. The cloth was withdrawn ;
of course, some Reverend said grace, and the more im-
portant business commenced.
Of course, the Queen was given, and we will not be so
uncharitable as to suppose, in the words of the immortal
bard, that it was " lip service, which the poor heart
would fain deny but dare not." No, no, the Tories are
notoriously loyal ! therefore their hearty hip, and loud
hurrah, for the " Queen," " the Queen Dowager, and the
rest of the Royal Family" (not forgetting the " illustri-
ous" Duke) were, no doubt, equally sincere. Then the
toast of her Majesty's Ministers—l beg pardon, I mean
her Majesty's Ministers that are to be, Peel, Wellington—
and who else do you think, Mr. Editor Why one of our
County Members, who, " par excellence," is styled the
" Farmer's Friend !" Verily tnis would be " a consumma-
tion devoutly to be wished!" for would but the present
Ministry " right about," and allow this Tory trio to occupy,
then indeed might be said " farewell" all public discontent !
Ye Canadas that haunt us now, "farewell!"—the " Agi-
tator's" power, his " tail," and even the " rent," farewell !
O'Connell's " occupation's gone !" I admit the two first
great Statesmen have been tried, and that our Tory
County Member never has been tried! but public ingrati-
tude was ever proverbial! !
This digression must be pardoned, the toast went on,
or off, as is usual on such occasions. " The Church,"
and of course, its accompaniment, " the jolly fully bottle,"
after eliciting thunders of applause, received due notice
from some gentleman in black, and after great oratorical
and intellectual displays from the Chair ; " the Vice ;" the
sitting Member ; and the Member that fain would sit, this
mighty mass of political power began to decline, and then,
by degrees became, of course, "beautifully less," and this
important demonstration ended, of course, in—
" The banquet room, deserted !
The priests are fled, the laymen dead,
And all, forsooth, departed ! I !"
Should this hasty sketch not interfere with more impor-
tant matters, perhAps for the sake of my Tory friends, you
will give it insertion in the corner of one of your columns,
and you will gratify, yours,
A CONSTANT READER, AND
FREEHOLDER OF THE COUNTY.
Woburn, 24th Nov. 1838.

LIBELS IN DENMARK.—We see by the
Eckernforder Wochenblatt, of the 17th instant, that the
Editor of the h'jobenhavnspost was tried for a libel before
the Chief Court of Copenhagen, on a complaint of the Go-
vernment, and acquitted. He was, however, condemned
to pay all the costs, including a fee of 10 teichsthalers, to
the Government Advocate. Thirty shillings for a fee to an
Attorney -General will not entice any of our barristers to
seek employment in Denmark. The offence of Mr. T. F.
Gjsdvad. the Editor, consisted in publishing an article on
the distribution of Orders in the West Indies.

BATTLE OF DUNBAR.—" A thick fog had hither-
to enveloped the scene of action. It was just before the
moment of victory that the sun suddenly appeared upon the
sea, and the voice of Cromwell was heard in the accent and
with the manner indeed inspired—inspired by the thought
of a triumph so mighty and resistless—Now LET THE
LORD ARISE AND HIS ENEMIES SHALL BE SCATTERED !
At this a shout broke forth from the English soldiers
which seemed to rend the sky, and the rout of the enemy
was complete and frightful. The horse,' says Hodgson,
' fled what way they could get, ours pursued towards Had-
dington ; and the General made a halt and sung the hundred
and seventeenth psalm ; and by the time they had done,
their party was increased and advancing ; the Scots ran
and were no more heard of that fight. The Commander
of our army was busy in securing the prisoners and the
whole bag and baggage ; and afterwards we returned to
bless God in our tents like Issachar, for the great salvation
afforded to us that day.'"—Lives of Eminent British
Statesmen.

REPRESENTATION OF SALFORD.—PENDLE-
TON, Nov. 9.7.—The Reformers of the borough of Sal-
ford resident in this township and neighbourhood, to the
number of about 500, entertained last evening their re-
spected Member, Mr. Brotherton, to a dinner provided for
the occasion, The entertainment took place in Mr. Ara.ii
i
ta,ge's new mill. Invitations had been sent to Dame
O'Corinell, Esq., M.P., Charles Hindley,
Esq., M P., Sir
Peter Hesketh Fleetwood, Bart., M.P., Mark Philips,
.
ii
Esq., M.P., Thomas Thornely, Esq., M.P., George ‘Vm.
Wood, Esq., M.P., and several other gentlemen of rank
and station in society, and firm adherents to the principles
of liberality. Sir Peter Hesketh Fleetwood accepted the
invitation, but, having met with an accident, was obliged to
forego his intention of being present. Sonic of the Mem-
bers sent answers, politely declining to attend, in conse-
quence of other engagements. Thomas Potter, Esq., Pre-
sident of the Salford Reform Association, took the Chair.
At the cross table, on the right of the Chairman, were
Joseph Brotherton, Esq., M.P.. George William Wood,
Esq., M.P., John Brooks, Esq., Elkanah Armitage, Esq.,
James G. Frost, Esq., Daniel Lee, Esq., R. Millington,
Esq., David Pryce, Esq., Thomas Burgess, Esq., and
John Lee, Esq. On the Chairman's left were seated
Robert Philips, Esq. (father of Mark Philips, Esq., .P.
for Manchester), Thomas Thornely, Esq., M.P. for Wol-
verhampton, Charles J. Walter, Esq., of Longford, A.
Knowles, Esq., J. H. Heron, Esq., Jon H son, and John
Burd, Esq. The Vice-Chairs were occupied by Messrs.
John Hankinson, J. S. Ormerod John Brettereb, and
Nelson. After the usual toast's had been drunk,e on the
health of Mr. Brotherton being given, that gentleman rose
and addressed the company, thanking them for this the
ninth dinner with which the electors had honoured blm du-
ring the present year ; and adverting to the several political
questions
of the day. Some of the other
gentlemen also
spoke with much force and eloquence, and at a late hour
the company separated, having enjoyed " the feast of reason
and the flow of soul" for several hours.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, TUESDAY.—The Queen has not been out

to-day.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, accompanied
by Lady Mary Stopford, drove to Kew, and returned to
the Castle in the evening to dinner.
This morning the Marchioness of Tavistock arrived and
succeeded Lady Barham as Lady in Waiting on the Queen.
Viscount Torrington arrived and succeeded Lord Fingall
as Lord in Waiting.
Sir F. Stovin arrived and succeeded the Hon. William
Cowper as the Groom in Waiting.
Lord and Lady Barham have taken their departure.
Lord Fingall left for his seat at. Richmond.
The Hon. William Cowper left for town.
Mr. Brand will arrive this afternoon.

A Cabinet Council was held at three o'clock yester-
day afternoon at the Foreign Office. It was attended
by Viscount Melbourne, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis
of Lansdowne, Viscount Duncannon, Viscount Palmerston,
Lord Glenelg. the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl
of Minto, Sir John Hobhouse, and Viscount Howick. The
Council sat two hours and a half.

M. de Hummelauer, of the Austrian Embassy, had an
interview yesterday with the Chancellor of the Exchequer
in Downing-street.
Mr. Buxtoa bad an interview with Lord Glenelg yester-
day at the Colonial Office.
The Spanish Minister and Mr. Colquhoun, Diplomatic
Agent for the Hanse Towns, transacted business yesterday
at the Foreign Office.
Several of the Cabinet Ministers dined with Lord Hol-
land, at Holland House, Kensington, on Monday evening.
Yesterday was the birthday of the Princess Mary of
Cambridge. The Duchess of Gloucester went from town
to visit the Duke and Duche,,s of Cambridge, at their resi-
dence at Kew. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had
a dinner party in the evening.
Lord Holland visited Lord Melbourne yesterday in
South-street.

The Austrian, Prussian, Turkish, and Russian Ambas.
sadors, transacted business yesterday at the Foreign De.
partment. _

The Hanoverian and Neapolitan Ambassadors transacted
business yesterday at the Foreign Department.
Lord Glenelg transacted business yesterday at the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer's Office in Downing-street.
Sir John Hobhouse transacted business yesterday at the
Chancellor of the Exchequer's Office in Downing-street.
The Agent for I3arbadoes transacted business yesterday
in Downing-street.
Despatches were forwarded yesterday from the Fo-
reign Department for the British Ministers resident at the
Courts of Brussels and the Hague.
Despatches were forwarded yesterday from the Foreign
Department for Lord Ponsonby, the British Ambassador at
Constantinople.

The Queen is expected at Buckingham Palace to-
morrow, at two o'clock, to hold a Council.
The Countess of Radnor and Lady Jane Bouverie
will shortly leave town for Dover, where they have en-
gaged a mansion for the winter season.
Lord Fitzgerald and Vesci, who arrived in town a
few days since, from Cheltenham, has taken his departure
for Paris, where his Lordship will pass the winter.
Sir Richard Bulkeley Philipps has left London on
a visit to the Earl and Countess of Lichfield, at Shugbo-
rough, Staffordshire.
Mr. C. and Lady Mary Ross have arrived in Port-'
land. place from a tour on the Continent.
The Rev. John Peel (brother of Sir Robert Peel,
Bart.) and Mrs. Peel have arrived at Mivart's Hotel from
Waresly Hall, Stourport.
The Right Hon. Thomas Grenville entertained the
Duchess-Countess of Sutherland, Lady Davy, Lord Wil-
liam Bentinck, and a select party at dinner on Monday, at
his residence in Cleveland-square.
REPRESENTATION OF KIRKCUDBRIGHT.--Mr.
Murray, of Broughton (Whig), has offered himself for the
vacant seat ; and Mr. Carrick Moore (Conservative), bro-
ther of the hero of Corunna, has started in opposition. A
Galloway Paper also says that Mr. Forbes, of Calendar,
will be brought forward by the Conservatives.
Lord Morpeth is not expected in town from Dublin
until the middle of January ; in his way to town he will
make some stay at Castle Howard.

The family circle of Sir Lowry and Lady Cole have
been plunged into the deepest grief by the sudden death of
their niece, Miss Balfour, which took place last week at
Dover Castle, Isle of Wight. The young lady fell down
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Rectory
Wednesdayeßerße. 23d year,
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county
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y daughter
Louth,
Ireland. /Vl r and Lady
in an apoplectic fit, and shortly afterwards expired. She
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e
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it'o. al
costo‘rh.
hprrisroicfnoiutEynxtc:otleolrenzientbscetiatumtberdidtghce
presenta-
tion of the Rev. Canon Rogers.—Western Luminary.
FUNERAL OF THE LATE EARL OF SEFTON.
—The interment of the above highly-respected nobleman
took place yesterday noon at -the vault of the family at
Hanwell. It was the desire of his late Lordship to be
laid with his father and mother, or he would hare been
buried in the ancestral vault at Croxtetb, Lancashire.
The funeral cortege left Arlington-street precisely at nine
o'clock.
Captain Duncan Chisholm, adjutant of the 2d
battalion of the Coldstream Guards, serving in Canada,
has come home on leave, in consequence of having suc-
ceeded to the large estates of his late brother, The Chis-
holm, of Chisholm, M.P. for Inverness-shire. He was a
passenger on board the packet-ship Garrick, from which
he landed off Dungarvan, and reached Liverpool on Mon-
day, via Dublin.
It was stated erroneously that the Duke of Lucca
and suite dined at the Royal Hotel, Richmond, on Sun-
day last, and afterwards returned to Belgrave-square. His
Royal Highness dined with their Royal Highnesses the
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, at Kew Palace, with
his Grand Equerry, Baron Lowenberg. The Noble Duke
has not a residence in Belgrave-square, but occupies apart.
ments at Mivart's Hotel.
His Excellency the Marquis of Normanby has com-
muted the sentence of seven years transportation by the
Recorder, at Michaelmas Sessions, upon Daniel Hughes
and James Browne, for combination against their em-
ployers, to imprisonment and hard labour for two months
in the city gaol, the last week solitary confinement........
Limerick Chronicle.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has
kindly promised to preside at the anniversary dinner of the
Scottish Corporation on Friday next, St. Andrew's Day.
This is the first time a member of the Royal Family has
been present at one of these meetings since his late Ma-
jesty, on his succession to the throne, resigned the Pre-
sidency of the Corporation, after having held it nearly 20
years.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Sligo and the
Ladies Browne have left Mansfield-street for Leamington
Spa, where that noble family intend to stay several weeks.
The Marquis of Downshire has left Oakley Park,
the scat of the Hon. Colonel and Lady Harriet Clive, for
Hillsborough Castle, Downshire, Ireland. The Mar-
chioness and Lady Charlotte Hill continue on a visit at the
Park.
The last letters from the Earl of Burlington were
from Berne. The Noble Lord, the Countess, and family
were then about to proceed to Milan.

The motion to present the freedom of the City of
London to the venerable Thomas Clarkson, the founder,
as he may be considered, of the great cause of African
emancipation, will, we understand, be the first subject
brought on in the Court of Common Council on Thurs-
day, according to the notice of motion given by Mr. She-
riff Wood. We trust the corporation will evince its respect
for the character and services of the veteran champion of
the oppressed negro by a unanimous vote. Distinguished
military and naval services have often been acknowledged
and rewarded by the corporation in this way, but the moral
victory to which Clarkson led the way has decked the brow
of England with laurels which, unlike those of war, never
cost humanity a tear. We shall to-morrow make some
observations on the subject, for which we have not room at
present.—ilforning Herald.
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE.—OR Saturday morning last
a large and handsome mill belonging to Messrs. W. Butter-
worth, woollen-manufacturers, of Rochdale, was totally
destroyed by fire. The mill was 72 yards long and five
stories high, and was quite full of machinery—the loss is
estimated at from 90,0001. to 25,000/. The property was
insured in the Atlas Alliance and York and London offices.
We regret to add that an old man who acted as gate-
keeper is supposed to have perished in the ruins.
POST-OFFICE ARRANGEMENTS.--The present
Postmaster has issued an order that all property letters
shall in future be registered according to the system
adopted by the Earls of O'Neill and Ross, when Post-
masters, aided by their very efficient Secretary, Sir E. S.
Lees. This order has been wrung from the present Post-
master, by the astounding evidence given before a Parlia-
mentary Committee—it being made manifest that enormous
sums had been lost to the public, by frauds committed in
consequence of the want of a proper check being placed
over the persons in the employment of the Post-office.—
Dubbit Evening Packet.
Air. Hamilton Dowdall, through the influence of
the Archbishop of Dublin, is to be the new secretary to the
Education Board.—Courier.
At :the Central Criminal Court yesterday, a prose-
cutor was refused his expenses, on the ground that he had
exposed the goods which had been stolen outside his shop.
The Recorder said it was holding out temptation to dis-
honesty.

CORN-LAW FALLACIES, WITH THE

ANSWERS.

(Continued from The Sun of Monday.)
282.-20. That though prosperous manufactures may benefit
agriculture, yet if foreign corn be admitted, the advantages are
reaped, not by domestic, but foreign agriculturists. —On the
Corn Laws. By the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart.
Addenda to " The Code of Agriculture," No. xr.—[Conti-
nued.]
ANSWER.—That is to say, the agriculturists lose their
profitable wrong, and urge the gains of the foreign agricul-
turists as a reason why they should not. It is as if the
feudal cow-stealers had said, " If we allow these cattle to
be sold over the border, the advantages will be reaped, not
by domestic, but foreign beef-eaters."

283. —Nor can it be too seriously inculcated, that a manu-
facture, the materials of which are imported from foreign
countries,—where the workmen are fed on foreign produce—
and which depends for sale on foreign markets, (which must
always be precarious), instead of being a blessing, must be a
curse to a country.—ld.
A.—A. mere enemy's representation ; which those who
are fond of taking the advice of enemies and rivals, may
accede to if they please. The propositions concerned,
have been answered point by point, in the proper places.
284.-21. That it is proved by the history of nations, that
commerce and manufactures are uncertain and evanescent
sources of power; that they tend to enervate those who de-
pend upon them, and that there are other objects to be attended
to, as the manly vigour and moral habits of a nation, of much
higher importance than the mere acquisition of wealth.—ld.
A.—" Believe us, commerce and manufactures are very
dangerous. Allow us to put them down, and raise our
rents. Our objection is, to your being a commercial coun-
try ; and so we make laws to hinder it." It is not always
a plan is so fairly avowed.

285.-22. That the present unsettled state of the Corn-
laws, is highly unfavourable to the interests of agriculture :
That it prevents those exertions for improvement that would
otherwise take place ; nor is it possible, during that state of
uncertainty, to form any just idea, what ought to be the rent
of a farm, or the value of an estate. —ld.

A.—Very probably. Men naturally desire to be sure ol
the ground they go upon. But this makes no argument
with the other side.

286.-23. That if we wish to continue a great and flourish-
ing country, our object ought to be, to lay the foundation of
national prosperity, on the basis of domestic, and not of fo-
reign agriculture, and with that view, that it is incumbent
upon us to take care, that the prices of agricultural produce
shall be such as to encourage production, and shall not have
the effect of driving inferior soils out of cultivation. That if
such an unfortunate event were to take place, thousands of
industrious individuals, who depend for subsistence on the
culture and produce of such lands, would be reduced to mi-
sery ;—extensive tracts of country would be rendered waste ;
and all hopes of any further improvement of our national ter-
ritory must be abandoned.—ld.

A.—What the agriculturists want, is to be paid for
growing corn on the sand at high-water mark ; and when
they have that, they will want to be paid for growing it on
flag-stones next. Their principle is, that they are to be
paid according to their own pleasure, and not according to
what other men want to buy. To this are reducible all
their wailings, on the misery of industrious individuals, the
tracts of country rendered waste, and the improvement of
national territory abandoned ;—all meaning, the not paying
them for growing corn on the said flag-stones.

287.-24. That even those British Statesmen, who were
the least favourable to the agricultural interests, admitted the
danger of depending on foreign supplies for food.
That the late Lord Liverpool, in a speech on the 15th
March 1815, admitted, that a nation of 10, 15, or 20 millions
of people, could not depend on foreign nations for the neces-
saries of life, without the most palpable impolicy, and the
greatest danger : And that Mr. Huskisson, in a speech, on 27th
of February 1815, expressed his apprehension of the hazard
of such dependence. "If foreigners, (he said), withheld their
corn from us, it might only affect their revenue; but the want
of corn, might inflict on this country the mischiefs of revolution,
and might occasion the subversion of the state."—ld.
A.—The world has had nearly a quarter of a century to
think of it, since then. Neither Lord Liverpool's autho-
rity nor Mr. Huskisson's, will persuade men now, that they
must be starved lest they should be starved ; that they
must run their beads into the certain evil now, to escape
the risk of what they believe to be a next to impossible
evil in the future. And men may reasonably have a vast
difference of opinion, at the beginning of a mischief and at
the end of it.

288.-25. That those who must procure food from other
nations, must ever be dependent on those who sell it : That
the celebrated commercial cities of Tyre and Sidon, (the Lon-
don and the Liverpool of ancient times), who depended upon
Judea for grain, had rashly ventured to quarrel with Herod
the King, but finding their error, that they were compelled
to bribe the King's ministers to obtain a supply. " They
made, (we are told), Blastus the King's Chamberlain their
friend, and desired peace, because their country was nourished
by the .Kiny's country ( Acts, xii. 20) : That such is the state,
to which the degenerate sons of commerce, would wish to re-
duce this mighty empire.—ld.
A.—Those who raise the food in other countries, are as
dependent in turn, or more. The proposal therefore is, to
cut off the great source of concord among nations ; or in
other words, keep us all in war condition, by lack of food.
But there is no similarity between the cases produced.
Will Mark-lane be alarmed at the threat of depending on
Judea for grain ; or " the degenerate sons of commerce"
in the Chamber at Manchester, be frightened with the
prospect of wooing " Blast us the King's Chamberlain ?"

289.-26. That the northern countries of Europe are not to
be depended upon for a constant supply of grain : That, in
Dr. Aikin's " Annals of George • III." (2d edition,
vol. i. p. 358), we are told, " That in the year 1785, de-
structive inundations occurred in several parts of Europe, par-
ticularly in Germany, where vast losses were sustained. This
calamity, joined to the inclemency of the seasons, occasioned a
scarcity, approaching to a famine, in the north of Europe."
What then would have been our state, had we depended, at
that time, upon those countries for bread ?—ld.
A.—Blow the wind north, south, east, or west, it can
blow no where that it will not bring England corn. The
argument therefore from famines in the north of Europe,
falls to the ground.

290.-27. That the Roman history furnishes ample proof,
of the danger of depending, even on a distant part of the same
empire for food : That when Vespasian aspired to the throne,
be hastened to Alexandria, with a view to distress Rome by
famine, since from Egypt chiefly, the city was supplied with
corn. But when he was proclaimed Emperor, instead of
distressing the city with famine, he dispatched thither, a great
number of vessels laden with corn, which arrived very season-
ably, for Tacitus informs us, "that fifteen days' subsistence
was the most that Rome had then in store. The winter pro-
videntially was mild, and favourable to navigation ; distress
and misery must otherwise have been the consequence. In
former times the case was very different. Italy was the gra-
nary that supplied foreign markets. Even at this hour, the
prolific vigour of the soil is not worn out; but to depend on
Egypt and Africa is the prevailing system. The lives of the
people are by choice committed to the caprice of winds and
waves."—(The Annals of Tacitus, vol. 1, p. 386, book 12,
chap. 43.)—1d.
A.—The circumstances are quite changed, since the
modern improvements in commerce and navigation. Fancy
the King of Hanover, hastening to Odessa, with a view to
disturb Queen Victoria upon the throne ; and when pro-
claimed King of England in consequence, dispatching a
fleet of vessels with corn, to relieve Great Britain from the
pressure of his hostilities.

291.-28. That any individual who peruses the above ex-
tract from the first of ancient historians, and who wishes to
render Great Britain dependent on the caprice of the winds
and the waves, for the food of its inhabitants, must have little
of the feelings of a British patriot, and is unworthy of that
name : That for Rome, read London, for Egypt and Africa,
read Poland and Prussia ; and what Tacitus wrote eighteen
hundred years ago, is exactly applicable to our state at present.
How the million and a half of inhabitants in London, and its
neighbourhood, and the thousands who reside in Liverpool,
Manchester, and the other towns and villages in Lancashire,
are not alarmed with the idea of depending for their food, on
the caprice of the winds and the waves, and more especially on
importations from so boisterous a sea as the Baltic, (which is
likewise shut up from navigation by ice during the winter sea-
son), is perfectly unaccountable.—ld.

A.—They might as reasonably be alarmed, at the prospect
of depending on the caprice of plough-horses. If one
kicks, it is presumable another will not ; and on this
slender thread, the public is willing to go on. Any man
acquainted with commerce and navigation, knows that the
prospect of Great Britain being starved through the
caprice of the winds and waves, is of precisely the same
degree of practical importance.

292.-29. That, on the following grounds, a dependence
on foreign supplies, is in the highest degree dangerous to any
country, whether it is weak or powerful.
I. The country on which we principally depend for food
may have a deficient harvest.
2. There may be difficulties in carrying on intercourse,
more especially in the winter season.
3. Foreign powers may impose heavy taxes on the grain
they suffer to be exported, both for the sake of revenue, and to
prevent high prices at home.
4. There may be a war between Great Britain and that
country, or with other nations, by whom our navigation may be
interrupted.
5. The countries whence supplies must be obtained, may be
afflicted with contagious disorders : And
6. Foreign nations may refuse to take any other mode of
payment, for the grain we must purchase from themp"
than
specie, any great exportation of which, if a metallic currency
persevered in, would cramp our circulation,—injure all our
branches of industry,—and materially diminishourrevenue.
—ld.
A.-1. We will " principally depend"
on no country ;
any more than on the good behaviour of a particular team
of horses.
2. Our seamen do not mean to carry on. the inter-
co
urse in the winter season ; unless they like best.

3. They will not all tax it at once. They will not all do it
at all. Or if they should, it would be time enough to re-
turn to growing corn on flag-stones here.

4. There will not be war with all nations at once. It
must be part of our business, not so to conduct ourselves as
to bring on war with the whole human race.

.5. They will not all have the plague at once. And be-
sides, nobody in these days believes in quarantine.
6. No fear of foreigners getting our specie, but when it
is more profitable to give than to keep. The currency
fallacy may be considered as at this time nearly among the
obsolete " Vulgar Errors."

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

NON-CONFORMITY IN THE NINE..
TEENTH CENTURY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Srn,----I beg leave to submit to you a plain unvarnished
tale of certain doings in this remote part of the world,
which ought not, in my opinion, to be "hid under a
bushel." They relate to the Poor man's Church, as it is
called, but I will forbear to comment upon them. The
Rev. Ebenezer Morris is Vicar of the parish of Llanelly,
Carmarthenshire. It has been the uniform custom
of this parish to elect for its Churchwardens a
Churchman who is officially styled the " Vicar's Warden,"
and a Dissenter who is styled the " Parish Warden," by
which means the duties of that office have been hitherto
discharged, to the mutual satisfaction of both parties.
In 1837, one John James, a respectable farmer, renting
some 200 acres, a member of the Independents congrega
tion, in the town of Llanelly, was elected Parish
Warden, conjointly with another person, as the Vicar's
Warden, soon after entering office, a Church-rate was pro-
posed and negatived by adjournment ; and in lieu thereof a
voluntary subscription was raised, sufficient for all the
wants of the Church, so that there was no objection
to the Parish Warden on that score. As it had
been the custom to elect a Dissenter to represent
and to protect the interests of Dissenters ; and as it had
been an invariable practice in that parish to allow the Pa-
rish Warden to attend any other place of public worship,
John James did not attend the parish Church on the Sun-
days during his term of office, but frequented his own place
of worship, as his predecessors in office had been accus-
tomed to do. It must not be disguised that at the general
election of 1837, the Rev. Ebenezer Morris exhibited
himself as an active partisan of the Tory candidate for the
county, and that John James voted for the unsuccessful
Whig opponent of the Tory candidate. I will not venture
to surmise whether his subsequent treatment by his Vicar
and other Tory functionaries was a retaliatory movement,
in consequence of that vote. Your readers may think
what they like on that head. In due time.
however, after that, the General Election, John
James was cited in the Ecclesiastical Court of the
Bishop of Saint David's by his Vicar—the pious and Re,re-
rend Ebenezer Morris—for that he, the said John Jam es,
had, during the time of his said office of Churchwarden,
absented himself from the church of the said parish on
divers Sundays. In this bare narrative of facts, it is indis-
pensably necessary to state who and what is the Judge of
that Court before whom the Non-conformist Churchwarden
was cited to appear. That person is the Reverend David
Archard Williams, an unbeneficed parson, holding the
nominal office of a Rural Deanery, and being besides the
Judge of the Ecclesiastical Court, the known and
acknowledged Editor of that furiously rabid Tory
paper, the Carmarthen Journal. The defendant appeared
on the citation, pleaded ignorance of the offence, offered in
excuse that he was a Dissenter, and that he had only acted
as all his predecessors in office had done ; but he pleaded
in vain—and in vain be threw himself upo❑ the mercy of
the Court—all that was proved against him was non-
attendance at Church on certain Sundays. The non-
attendance was admitted ; he was ordered to be admonished,
and was admonished accordingly. On Friday, Nov. 23,
a demand was made upon the defendant for a sum
of nearly 20/., the costs of these proceedings, which he
was wisedly advised not to pay, and as he refused to pay
that sum he was dragged from his aged and bed-ridden wife,
from all his duties as a master and the head of a family,
and from all his responsibilities as a parent, and was that
night locked up in the common gaol of this county, where
he now remains a prisoner for conscience sake, unable to
procure his liberty, by bail, or by the Insolvent Court, if
either were desirable—a prisoner, with this conviction on
his mind—

" That he cannot escape thence till he has paid the ut-
termost farthing."

I submit these facts to you for for the benefit of the Dis-
stc.riters of Great Britain and Ireland, leaving it to you to
comment upon.them as you think necessary ; and on the
other side I hand you my name and address as a guarantee
for the accuracy of my statement, which I am induced to
make for no interested or unworthy motive, but

PRO GREGE-LEGE.

Carmarthen, 26th Nov.

ANOTHER SUITOR FOR THE QUEEN.—At St.
George's Chapel, Windsor, on Sunday morning, a stranger
of gentlemanly appearance was shown to a sitting by one of
the vergers, but shortly after the commencement of service
was seen to cross the aisle to the reading desk, where he
stood some minutes and conducted himself in a very singular
manner, until a party were shown into the lower stalls, and
into which he also removed. Upon taking his seat which
was nearly opposite the Royal pew, he began paying his re-
spects to the Queen by kissing his hand, and sundry other
movements, which being observed he was requested to leave,
but refusing, was removed by force, and on leaving the chapel
looked up to the Queen and exclaimed, " Your Majesty
you see I am arrested in the church, in the reign of Victoria.';
He was not detained, but on being conducted into the
town, and promising to leave immediately, was set at liberty.
—Reading Mercury.

GREAT EXPORT OP MANUFACTURED GOODS
TO AMERICA.—Under this head we noticed last week the
export of manufactured goods to the United States. The
George Washington, which sailed yesterday, had to shut
out goods so early as Thursday ; and the United States,
which will sail on Saturday next, will be full early in the
week. The South America, the packet of the 7th of De-
cember, will also be quite full. It is likely, indeed, if the
easterly winds should continue much longer, that there
will be a scarcity of American vessels to convey the goods
which, it is understood, are preparing for export. In that
case it would not surprise us to see first-rate British vessels
laid on the berth for New York. The United States,
having recovered from the depression caused by the com-
mercial convulsion of 1836-7, are evidently once more
" going ahead."—Liverpool Albion.
Last night an inquest was held before Mr. Payne,
at St. Thomas's Hospital, on view of the body of Jeremiah
Neale, aged 34 years. It appeared from the evidence that
the deceased was at the Canterbury Arms beer-shop, in
Dean-street, Southwark, on the night of Saturday last,
where he became the worse for liquor, and, in descending
the stairs leading to the door, he took the wrong turning
and fell into the beer-cellar. He was picked up, and in-
stantly conveyed to the above hospital, where he expired
shortly after his arrival. In answer to a question from
the Coroner, the house-surgeon stated that he was unable:
to state positively the cause of death, as the friends of the
deceased objected to a post mortem examination of the
body ; but he was of opinion it was concussion of the
brain. Verdict—" Accidental Death."

Of the thousands who pass daily over Westminster-
bridge, but few, I venture to say, have noticed how thickly
the old portion of the stone with which the bridge is built,
is studded with fossil remains of testaceous animals. The
stone, being the more fragile, has mouldered, and left the
shells prominent and conspicuous, in many places almost in
masses, affording interesting specimens of remains of ani-
mals in existence before the formation of the stone by the
operation of nature.—Mirror.
Within these last few days, a fine new vessel, called
the Grace Horsley Darling, in honour of the heroine of the
Fern Islands, sailed from Newcastle for London.
A fisherman has found a two-handed sword in the
sands of the Loire, where the old bridge of Orleans for-
merly stood, and near the former fort of Tournelles. It is
five feet long, and probably one of those used at the siege
of Orleans in 1427.

Monks were formerly good stablemen. We read
of the stable for the guests at St. Alban's, which was so
large as to contain nearly 300 horses, which animals the
monks kept in excellent condition. It had a lamp burning
in it all night.
The other day, Mr. Lennox, fishmonger, St. John-
street, Perth, on opening an oyster found therein an Eng-
lish shilling. How the coin got there is a puzzler.—Perth
Advertiser.
'FHE DEVIL'S LAWS.-Bread, butter, cheese,
meat, potatoes, every necessary article of life--soap,
candles, even tobacco, the poor man's luxury—all have
risen very considerably in price, and there is every proba-
bility of their becoming still dearer. The harvest, good
or bad, is in ; work is become scarce, and rendered still
scarcer because some are willing to work harder and longer
on account of the dearness of provisions. We do not find,
however, that the wages of the agricultural labourer have
been raised to meet his present necessities. The farmers
arc doing well. The Marquis of Chandos is silent. The
Duke of Buckingham no longer talks about the labourers
drinking " ditch-water" instead of indigenous ale. No ;
his Grace, and his Grace's party get good rents ; land looks
up, and the labourer is forgotten ! The Corn-laws, or as
The Sun calls them, the " devil's laws," may press them to
the earth, but no assistance will they get 'either from the
Tory landholders or the Ultra-Radicals.—Brighton Herald,

The confectioners were busily engaged yesterday,
availing themselves of the present severe frost, to lay in
their stock of ice.