The Sun.
London, England, 1831-09-28 00:00:00

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REFORM MEETINGS.

ABERDEEN.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)

On Saturday, the 24th instant, a most numerous and
highly respectable meeting of the inhabitants of the city of
Aberdeen took place in the public Court-house, for the
purpose of petitioning the House of Peers in favour of the
Reform Bill. The Court-house, galleries, and lobbies,
were crowded to excess. James Forbes, Esq., of Edit,
was called to the chair, and supported by Sir William
Seton, of Pittisedden, Bart. ; John Dingwall, of Ardo ;
John Gerrard, of Midstrath ; Professor Brown, of Ma-
rhallCollege;dest George Still, of Millden ; and a great
ntsicinbrburgesses and most respectable iv )f
the oldest
mer-
chants, manufacturers, and inhabitants of the city. A
petition to the House of Lords w,s moved by Mr. Stro-
nacf , of Drutnallan, Advocate, seconded by Mr. Allardyce,
and unanimously adopted.
Atter which the Very Rev, the Principal of the Univer-
sitv and King's College of Aberdeen (William Jack, D.D.)
in a luminous address to the meeting, in which he ably
advocated the necessity of the important measure of Re-
form, moved—
', That this meeting do unanimously vote a loyal and
dutiful address of congratulation to his most Gracious
Majesty, King William the Fourth, and to her Majesty
Queen Adelaide, on their Royal Coronation; and at the
same time express to his Majesty their entire confidence
in the ability, wisdom, and integrity of the Right Hon.
Earl Grey and the other enlightened Ministers whom Isis
Majesty has been pleased to call to his Councils."
The motion, after being seconded by Baillie Milne, was
carried by acclamation.

The thanks of the meeting, on the motion of Mr.
Blackie, banker, were unanimously voted to Lord Al-
thorp and Lord John Russell, for their arduous exertions
in advocating the Bill in the House of Commons.
Mr. Alexander Bannerman, merchant, then moved
that the petition be transmitted to the Right Hon, Baron
Paninure, of Brechin and Navar, who has been ao long
the consistent and able supporter of the rights and privi•
leges of the people,
After thanks to the Chairman the meeting separated
in the greatest harmony, giving three hearty cheers for his
most Gracious Majesty, and for the success of the Bill.
The petition was placed in the Hall in Union-street, a
fewbefore nine o'clock the same evening it had upwards of
15 0 after
t attached'e meeting
go
it.
(four o'clock) and
.
0 hourssignatures

ALDGATE WARD.—A meeting of this ward, Alder-
man Thorp in the chair, was held yesterday, to petition the
}louse of Lords to pass the Reform Bill.
BURY ST. EDMUND'S.--in compliance with a re-
quisition, ;gnel by 52 of the most respectable house-
holders, a meeting convened by the Alderman was
held on Monday, at the Guildhall, for the purpose of pre•
stinting a petition to the House of Lords in favour of the
Reform Bill.
tion, and it may be almost literally said that the whole
The great room was crowded to suffoca-
male adult population was present. Never was such an
expression
this
town ; and as a proof of the " re-action" which had
of vublic feel,ng before manifested in
taken pla-e in the public opinion, the meeting was three
times 39 numerous as the last held in February upon

MALLOW.—This town adopted a petition, without a
dissentient vote, on Friday. The following is one of the
resolutions :—" That we continue to consider the Reform
measure as essential to the peace and prosperity of the
country, and to the stability of its institutions; and that it
would be much to be deplored that the House of Lords
should counteract the fervent wishes of the people, and
come into ungracious and even dangerous collision with the
Commons House of Parliament on this important question."
This petition is the more important, as the greater part of
the town belongs to a noble absentee and anti-reformer.
MIDDLESEX.—We yesterday gave a considerable por-
tion of the proceedings of the freeholders at Hackney.—
After our reporter left, several gentlemen addressed the
meeting (among whom were Sir F. Burdett, Mr. Byng,
Mr. Home, Mr. Bodkin, Mr. Stocks, and Mr. Scales), in
which they most energetically advocated the cause of
Reform, and the necessity of the immediate passing of that
great measure as a means of satisfying the wishes of the
people. Resolutions and a petition founded upon them
(to be presented to the House of Lords by the Duke of
Sussex) were unanimously agreed to, and thanks having
been voted to the Sheriffs, the meeting gave three times
three cheers for the King, and then separated.
SCOTLAND.—In the Scotsman of Saturday we find
reports of Reform meetings held in nearly every part of
Scotland : we have already enumerated some of these
places, in addition to which we find the following :—The
incorporations of old Aberdeen, the working classes of
Edinburgh, the united incorporations of St. Mary's Chapel,
the inhabitants of Dalkeith, the town council of Linlithgow,
the inhabitants of that town, the inhabitants of Mussel-
burgh, the town council of Hawick, the inhabitants of ditto,
the incorporated bodies of Perth, the inhabitants and bur-
gesses of Qoeensferry, the inhabitants of Dunshalt, the
Political Union of Auchtermuty, the magistrates and town
council of Stirling, the guildry of the same town, the seven
incorporated trades ditto, the inhabitants generally ditto,
the inhabitants of Falkirk, the Reformers of Alloa, the
tenantry of East Lothian, the seven incorporated bodies of
Easter and Wester Portsburgh, and of several of the Edin-
burgh incorporations.
SUFFOLK.—A requisition is preparing for a meeting
of this county.
VINTRY WARD.—A meeting of this ward was held
yesterday at Cutler's Hall, Mr. Deputy Whitby in the
chair, at which a petition to the House of Lords, to be pre-
sented by his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, was
adopted.

WIGAN.—A meeting, to petition the House of Lords
to pass the Reform Bill, was held here on Monday last.
The meetings hitherto held in this borough for the pro-
motion of the great measure of Reform have never been
under the auspices of the Mayor. On the present occasion
his Worship called the meeting, pursuant to requisition,
most respectably signed, and presided. It is worthy of
remark, as a sign of the times, and one that the Lords
Spiritual and Temporal may view as indicative of no
growing indifference to the Bill, that the first name in the
requisition was that of the Ex-Mayor of the borough, who
twelve months ago negatived the requisition presented to
him to call a meeting to devise the best mode of extending
the elective franchise! A further proof may he gathered
from the manly declaration of the present Mayor, who
asserted that though three months ago he was opposed to
Reform, yet now, when he saw the King, his Ministers,
and the country in its favour, he was as zealous an advo-
cate for it as any in the Hall. Two urgent resolutions
only were submitted to the meeting, and embodied in the
petition, which were carried by acclamation. Of the tie-
fusel of the Lords to pass the Bill, and its conseittenees,
Mr. Thicknesse spoke in terms of apprehension and dis-
may, not only as regarded the tc,t4l stagnation of trade,*
but also the insecurity of razoperty. The second rescd4::..n
was submitted to the meeting by Mr. 13anelik, wlto, in
illustrati•sig the blessed effects so salt‘tazy a measure
would have in the borough, Lid Igfo:e the meeting the
coal-practices of the corpotog,rs. At the close of the pro,
ceedings Mr. Bands again presented himself to the evneci-
ing, and, in proposing thanks to the Chairro4u, observed
that three times three cheers should be given to his Wor-
ship for his services, and also, cis hailing another convert
to the cause of Reforca, which were immediately given,
. .
and the same nninber for his Majesty.

THE SMUGGLEII,---ThiS long-expected work
is at length before the public. Perhaps greater curioalty
has been attracted towards Mr. BANINt'S present story, on
account of the scene being laid in t. ngland. The fre-
quent comparison of thin, nuthor% productions, with Sine
paintings of SA-.;,:::KaoR, ROSA, cannot lose its ftarCt,' lay re-
petition, for those who are conversant with ;he works of
that great master, must admit the podonlinance of kindred
,ensations, when spell-haohd by the awful and eNeit;nt
narratives whicL Mr. BANS"! draws. SVhet be thinks
fit, however, he can transfer himself frwaa the portraiture
of man engaged in deeds of ;Le deadliest enmity to Kafellow-creature,
fellow-creature, to the sketching of chapters 1/.0r,-,which
WHAM feign
copy the liveliest sketehetto" good fellowship
and bonhommic.

REmANET 1-7EkS..—By the following extract
from the Third Report, dated July 6th, of the Law Com-
missioners, just published, it will he seen that the remanet
fees are to he abolished ;—" If a cause enured for trial in
London or Middlesex be made a remanet, it appears to be
the practice to require from the suitor, and of c,,urse to
allow in taxation, additional fees known by the name of
Retnanet Fees. Now as the parties are in no default, it
seems hard that they should be liable to this charge, and
it is one of which we feel ourselves bound to recommend
the abolition,"

scrupled to oppose King William, and to reiain.
England even to this hour in strict vassallage
to James Stuart and his descendants. But
at least it will be admitted, that as matter of
history, the revolution of 1688 was founded on
a resolute exercise of the power of resistance,
that resistance having no justification but in the
extremity of the case, and that extremity being no
otherwise proved than by the general sense of the
people of England, who judged, and judged wisely,
that it was better to depose their King than to sur-
render the securities of their freedom. We do not
go, then, one inch beyond the letter of English his-
rely, when we describe the hypothetical (though, it
is acknowledged, most unlikely) circumstance of an
opposition by the majority of the Peers to the King
himself, to the majority of the Commons, and to the
unanimity of the British nation, on a question which
they all conceive to affect fundamentally their dearest
rights and privileges,no less than their practical wel-
fare, as constituting another " extreme case" which
could in all human probability be no otherwise pro-
vided for than by measures, mutatis mutandis, two-
logous to those of 1688, the delinquent at that
period being the occupant of the throne, and at the
assumed period a different branch of the Legisla-
ture. We do not know that the Peers, individually
or collectively, hold their power by a title more
sacred than the King's. With regard to one small
section of the House of Lords,—namely, the Right
Rev. Bench of Bishops,—it must be obvious, and
indeed has been conscientiously admitted by some of
themselves, that the true ramparts of the Chinch are
the national respect and affection. We can scarcely,
for our parts, imagine a state of politics, however
wild or tempestuous, in this country, that could de-
tach the breasts of English Protestants from the
doctrines and spirit of the Established Church
of England. No vote of Parliament could do that;
nor any perverseness or ind:scretion on the putt of
the superior clergy. For tho spiritual ascendancy
and potency of our Church, th.refore, and for the
duration of its influenee over the religious principles
of its congregations, we are under no alarm. But
it is not meant to be denied that the material or tem-
poral Church has no such firm anchorage in the
minds of the proph) of England: its worldly for-
tunes are not built on the same eternal rock. l'he
wealth of Bishops and dignitaries, and the existing
arrangements of the general fund of Church pa-
perty, are not held by the people to be matte's of
divine institution, but merely of political regulation;
and touch, if not the whole, of the tolerance afforded
them, 'alai depend on the sense entertained by the
nation of the conduct of the clergy themselves. So
long as the Church moves in harmony with the
State, and offers no conspicuous or wilful irnpedi-
', meats to the progress of our national well-being,
just so long will the country be disposed to let pass
some glaring faults in the ecclesiastical machinery,
relying on the good-will of the Bishops, aided by the
Legislature, for their gradual and effectual cure. But
if the Church becomes odious, we shall begin to fear
for its prosperity as a temporal power. If, as we
have before hinted, the heads of the Church shall
t.lram of setting up a sovereignty spirit bons or op-
posed to the nation, and shall, in pursuit of such a
chimera, nroustom men to regard the Episcopal privi-
leges as being vested in a body which, sustained by the
national industry, spurns the hand that feeds it—if,
unfortunately for the Bishops, for the Church, and
for the country, these learned and exemplary prelates
should employ their political privileges as Lords of
Parliament for the obstruction of measures unitter-
sally approved throughout the kingdom, and to the
f:i.oatration of hopes which excite and animate every
lay breast within the realm—what will the people
of England say ? " The Church has become a
publie enemy ; it first plunders, and now would
trample on us. Shall we suffer the Bishops to pre-
vent our Reform, or shall we turn to and Reform
the Church ?" Perhaps, in that schedule 11
might be somewhat extended; anciPiertuhseY should
we lament it, in common with many °
lint the question
reflect-
ing portion of our countryolf,"_!_. y
did the Church
would recur to every body,
rqoke its fate?" How,
beet'!" Pug'sant''• and
i; likely to embarrass or tor.
ever, no such Ves" being
The people, prepared for most
melt us.
feel that prevention i 5 the best kind of
evaergencies,
case,

~.T~n~O

cure, and that they are administering in good ear-
nest. In the mean time, " what are The people
doing ?" They are up every where, and meeting
by.eounties, towns, &e., every where. Middlesex
and Southwark yesterday ; Gloucestershire to-day ;
Kent, Surrey, Hertfordshire, and Wilts next Fri-
day. We shall have another list for to-morrow's
Paper. So much for " re-action !" The re-
port of the meeting at Leeds has just reached
us, and their Lordships will find it well worthy of

perusal.—Times.
Lord Londonderry's menaced motion on the sub-
ject of the Chancellor's absence from the woolsack
the preceding evening, was heard last night in the
House of Lords. However hersot might regret
such absence, it would not, is hink, be very
grievous to the Noble Lord who made the com-
plaint if it were more frequent, as his superior mind
can derive no information from the learning and ta-
lents of the Chancellor, and may yet perhaps fall
short of the stoical apathy which renders the pos-
sessor of it insensible to reproof. He will there.
fore have nothing to gain, and may occasionally lose
something of comfort and self-complacence, by the
Learned Lord's presence. It may, indeed, be pre-
dicated of the attack on the Lord Chancellor, as
was once predicated of an attack equally abortive on
the public purse, by one not unfavourable to the
family of the Castlereaghs,—" This is too bad."—
Lord Brougham's explanation was deemed so satis-
factory by the House, that it only brought out
some general remarks from Lord Eldon on the office
of Chancellor, and the matter dropped.—Tintes.
The conduct of the West India merchants in the
case of the sugar refineries, is anything but credit-
able to that body. They knew very well that their
distress is not caused in the slightest degree, by the
refining of foreign sugar for re-exportation ; and their
endeavour to avail themselves of the sympathy of
well-meaning but ignorant members, by persuading
them to destroy a valuable branch f our manufac-
tures, in which much capital has been embarked, as
a means of affording them relief, 'is as revolting a
specimen of malevolence as ever we remember to
have witnessed. The statements of the West In-
dians refute themselves. During the late discussion
in the House of Commons, it was made quite clear
that the foreign sugars refined in this country could
could in no one respect interfere with the monopoly
of the home-market enjoyed by the West Indians;
or contribute, in the slightest degree, to keep down
prices. The monopoly of the home-market is un-
availing, so long as the supply greatly exceepls the
demand, and British sugar must compete wi Cuba
and Brazil sugar in the continental market. If not
an ounce of foreign sugar were refined in this country,
our sugars would not the less exceed the home de-
mand, and their price consequently would not the less
be regulated by the continental price. But our West
Indian merchants are dishonest not only in pretending
that they can be benefited bythe destruction ofthe sugar
refineries, but also in concealing from the public many
of the circumstances which contribute materially to
the difficulties of our own planters. We call atten-
tion to an able letter to Lord Althorp, in another
column, signed " Mercator," in which several of
these circumstances are exposed in a masterly
manner. Our readers need nor be told that the
real proprietors of most of the West India e-tares
are merchants in this country, who, in the character
of mortgagees, endeavour in a time of peace to ex-
tort from the unhappy planters charges which war
and monopoly prices could alone support. Your
Lordship is, doubtless, aware, says the writer, " that
the great majority of the old West India estates are
under mortgage to merchants of this country, but
the onerous conditions of which are, perhaps, not
eo well known to be the causes of a great
portion of the distress complained of by the
colonists; for, in addition to the colonial inte-
rest of six per cent. payable on the loan, the
whole produce of their estates must be consigned
to the mortgagee for sale, subject to exorbitant
freights, commissions, and charges, and a great por-
tion of the supplies necessary for their estates re-
ceived through the same agency, and subject to
similar extravagant charges. These, however they
might be borne by the planter during the war, when
our colonists had almost the exclusive supply of the
European markets, can no longer be sustained
against the competition inevitably resulting from the
exclusion in India, Brazil, the United States, and
other countries." The writer does not content
himself with this general statement, but proceeds to
exemplify them. The mortgagee nets 15 per
cent. in the article of freight—be charges the
planter a commission of from ten to twelve per
cent., where a foreign sugar-grower would only pay
two and a half to three per cent. In charges of
various descriptions the planter pays one shilling per
cent. more than is paid by the foreign planter in this
or any other European market. In short, besides
the charges on supplies to the estates, which cannot
well be estimated, the planter is taxed by the mort-
gagee beyond what is paid by the foreign sugar-
grower, fully four shillings per cwt., or thirty per
cent on the gross rental of his estate. If the profits
.of West Indian estates could support a nominal
proprietary in the colonies, and mortgagees living
like Noblemen in the squares of London, with
splendid villas, and all that, we should have nothing
to say; but it is well known that they cannot. A
planter, who possesses a capital of his own,and can
send his produce to any consignee and to any market,
may do very well. There are also many West Indian
houses who live according to their profits, like mer-
chants, and not like Noblemen, who grow rich. But
the compound of the Nobleman and the merchant,
who, because be could spend twenty of 30,000/. a
year in war, would live at the same rate now, is
sure in the long run to go to destruction. And we
are assured, that in more than one of the late failures
of great West India houses, the cause has not been
losses of any kind, but extravagant expenditure be,
yond the profits. In fact, the merchants of London
have, for a long time past, been doing much to lower
the character which British merchants ever bad.
The commission trade has, we know, been in A great
measure lost, from the tricks played with double ins
voices, and extravagant charges of various kinds. Time
facility of communication by means of steam.packets,
has induce principals to frequent our markets, and
purchase for themselves at the cheapest rate. The
writer, alluding to the above tatlie4t, asks, " how
is it that the mortgagee, who derives so large an in-
come from his capital, lent to the colonist, is also
In distress ? The answer is a very simple oness-
That in many cases the planter, through misma.
nagement or extravagance, has not been enabled to
fulfil his contract. He' (the mortgagee) who formed
his expenditure on war prices and profits, and has
(continued them since the peace (with, perhaps, his
seat in Parlament), has been ruined by his own ex-
penditure; whilst the prudent, economical, and in-
dustrious merchant (in which the instances are much
more numerous, as well in this city as in CO out-
ports) has, during the same period, enjoyed as great,
if not a greater, show of prosperity, than time mer-1
chant engaged in any other branch of commerce."
We have seen a letter on the subject of the charges
on the planters, which corroborates part of the state-
ment above alluded to :—" Where the bills of lad-
ing are filled up at 51., the captain of the ship draws
a bill on his owners for 3/. to 400/., reducing the
freight to 31, or even below. This difference is a
great per tentage, independent of the tremendous
discounts to the consignees in the purchase of ma•
chinery and utensils for work:ng." The West In-
dians cannot draw more from the estates than the
profits will bear. If these profits are not adequate
to the support of a resident planter, and a mort-
gagee living in a palace in one of our squares, one
of the two must go the wall. We remember being
very much struck with an account in an able French
I‘
writer, of the causes of the superiorityNN of the French
Over the English colonies in the
Loeusitslxndlives.., prohi.
all traced to one single law of
biting mortgages. The consequences of,. this law
was that the Paris and Bordeauxcapitaists, wo
wished to lend money to colonists, were obliged tho
reside on the spot in order to become acquamte.d
with the characters of planters. The planters again
were obliged to keep their estates till a purchaser

possessed of capital could be found, having no'
power over the estate after they parted with it. In
this way St. Domingo, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
and the other French colonies, bore the aspect of
civilized countries. The towns were elegant—they
had churches, theatres, well paved streets, while
even in our most civilized colony, Barbadoes, the
principal town is but an ugly miserable place. We'
bear a great deal in this country about the injury
caused by landowners being absentees. But what
would be thought of absentee farmers ? In
the West Indies, however, we have absentee
farmers, and absentee creditors of those farmers,
ell claiming a right to live expensively, as
if men who neglect their own affairs could com-
pete with men who reside on their farms or plan-
tations, and are not tied down to usurious cre-
ditors, but can send their goods to the best market,
and supply their own wants at the cheapest market.
The West Indians, in short, have not a leg to stand
on. They should not be allowed capriciously to
destroy a valuable branch of manufacture, because,
forsooth, they are not as they wish to be. Ministers
are bound to see justice done to all, and not to lend
themselves to this or that body. We are sorry to
see the same attempts to make this a party question
which were made last Parliament in the case of the
timber duties. But the attempt cannot succeed.
There are too many independent Members in the
House to allow such an attempt to succeed. The

sugar-refiners say nothing whatever as to a mono-
poly of the West Indians. All that they say is,
that their manufacture in no respect contributes to
the distresses of the West Indies. It can serve no
good purpose to attribute the distresses to circum-
stances which have no earthly connexion with
them. The discovery of a coal-mine, easily
worked, • frequently reduces the value of another
mine to nothing. Colonies abounding in fertile
land have rendered many of old colonies less valu-
able. These revolutions are constantly taking
place. If the West Indians can lighten the pressure
of these evils well and good ; but the country will
not suffer them, merely because they have not suc-
ceeded in their speculations, wantonly to destroy
other branches of industry.—Morning Chronicle.
We received last night, through the Hamburg
Mail, accounts from Poland as late as the 17th inst.
This intelligence is not all that we could wish, but
as compared with preceding arrivals, it is absolutely
cheering; and as it at length begins to emit a ray
of light upon the fortunes of the brave patriot army,
whose fate and " place of abode we knew not of"
since the fall of the capital, and to afford another
gleam of hope for the almost doomed independence
of Poland, we receive it in thankfulness, and are
but too much disposed to place trust in it as almost
infallible. For whether in the result, the Poles
become, or escape being, the slaves of Russia, it is
exhilirating to know that there is still a spot within
the line of ancient Poland where the voice of liberty
is upraised, and the protest of the freeman pro-
nounced in all its pristine vigour of angry denuncia-
tion on the Autocrat's tyranny. It appears now
quite certain that the army has not yet succumbed to
the conqueror of the citizens of Warsaw, but is in
the field, projecting new plans, and embalming fresh
resolutions of defying the worst in the cause of its
country. The papers to which we refer contain three
official reports from the camp of General Rozycki,
Commander of the armed force of the palatinates
of Cracow, Sandomir, and Kalisch. One of these
reports, after detailing a variety of skirmishes with
General Rudiger, proceeds to give an account of the
capture of Warsaw, which is a little different from,
and in a very considerable degree detracts from the
great credit which the Russians assumed to them-
selves in that affair. It says the first trenches had
been already taken, and the enemy was forcing his
way upon the ramparts, when General Rybinski
arrived with a brigade, and killed and wounded
upwards of 10,000 men. On the following day,
the 7th, Marshal Paskewitsch summoned the city,
declaring that he would plant 250 pieces of artil-
lery against it. This summons not having produced
the desired effect, at one o'clock in the afternoon
the Russians pressed forward upon all points between
the Jerusalem and Mokatow barriers, and between
the Wola barriers and the Laboratory. But the
26th regiment offered resistance on every point,
and at eleven o'clock in the evening the attack
ceased. On the following day the army evacuated
the capital through the fear that the fire, which had
broken out in the suburb, might spread, and destroy
the city walls : a temporary armistice followed, and
the enemy desisted from further operations. The
loss of the Russians exceeds 12,000 men. Gene-
rals Geismar, Gortschakoff, Ulazoff, and almost
all the commanding officers, are wounded. Mar-
shal Paskewitsch himself has received a severe
contusion. The Government, the Members of the
Chambers, and all the public functionaries, artillery,
ammunition, and every material of defence, have been
removed to Modlin. The narrative then goes on
to state that General Ktukowiecki had resigned
the dignity of President of the National Govern-
ment, and had now no longer any official authority
in the country. The chances for the Poles, as op-
posed to their gigantic enemy, are then stated, and
may be summed up as follow :—The enemy,
weakened by severe losses before Warsaw, will be
obliged, if he attempt to retain possession of that
city, to garrison it with half his army. He will
then have but the other moiety to act with ; and
opposed by such an inconsiderable force, the pa-
triot troops, now from 40,000 to 60,000 strong,
may be trying what it can do in rousing Lithuania
and the other provinces of ancient Poland into re-
sistance. The operations of the Poles may so far
succeed as to isolate the Russians in Warsaw from
their resources, and, except the aid which they re-
ceive from that treacherous power Prussia, to de-
prive them of hope altogether. The occupation of
the capital would thus in effect prove, as such
things have happened before now, much worse than
a defeat to the conquerors. " For Poland," as one
of those extraordinary characters, which are the
creatures of extraordinary emergencies only, ex-
claims, "is not Warsaw—the native country of
the Poles lies within the shores of the Vistula, the
Niemen, the Dnieper, the Bug, and the D wine,
which have, in earlier times, witnessed the heroism
of the Polish nation. We must not forget our oath,
to defend to the last drop of our blood the last square
foot of our native soil." And the proclamation of
General Rozycki calls upon the Poles not to consi-
der the period of the armistice as one of repose, but
to employ it in preparing for renewed efforts to re-
confider 'the independence of their country. These
official documentli then proceed to point to some ar-
rangements, rendered necessary by the state of the
country, and conclude by stating th,e• advantages
Vib;0:311 the patriot arms have obtained.
in They say—
"So lepg ise the Government is not direct com-
munication with too pp.latinates of Kalisch, Cracow,
and Sandomir, the Presidents of those palatinates,
and such of the national represerstativee as happen
to invested with
supreme antieeeity. General Romarino, who
marched from ?rage =) the 22d August, pursued
the corps of Generals ..Frolow;t: and Rosen, whom
he defeated twipe, at Luckow and Itliendxyrzetz,
and then pursued the remnant, on the Stith, in
the direction of Brersc-Litewski?" In other re-
spects, no means seem to have been untried to
keep up the desponding spirits of the nation
The spirited Members of the government, who had
disdained to submit to the Raps:ans, had, it would
seem, brought with them the means of excitingthe
whole of Poland to a contieuation of generous re-
sistance. The appearance of a new paper, the
National Gazette, is attributed to some of the
Members of the Diet, who have accompanied the
army. The first number, which has just appeared,
contains a proclamation addressed to the Polish na-
tion, calling upon all capable of bearing arms to con-
tinuesoe
days ago
From Augustowo we learn that
m
a ago a small detachment of Polish in-
surgents arrived there. The Russian garrison of
Augustowo retreated on the first appearance of
soonbeen
the insurgents, whose force hadben greatly
ro v e the
e x
insurgents out, of w
ho -
a ggerat ed ; but they
to
many
returned,
were taken and e drove