The Sun.
London, England, 1822-11-21 00:00:00

CITY, WEDNESDAY
EVENING.

The French mail, due yesterday morning, stilt
remains out, and the Merchants complain of the circumstance,
not without cause. They are perfectly aware that the forward-
ing
of the French mail to England depends entirely on the
French Government, and not on the Post Office in Lombard-
street ; and they are also aware that the French packets betwixt
Calais and Dover are so badly paid by their Government, that
they will not go to sea until they obtain a remunerating freight
by passengers. Still they think that some arrangement Might
be made by which their letters may be received as soon as
any other information. The Turkish, Austrian, Italian,
Spanish, Portuguese, and French correspondence, are de..
tained because the French packet-boats are not compelled to
put to sea as soon as they receive the Post Office bags, and
surely means may be adopted to remedy such inconveniences.
In the mean time several private expresses have been received,
by which the Paris Journalsof Monday, and written communi-
cations to the evening of that day have come to hand from the
French capital. These advices contain very important news
from, Greece. It appears that the Albanians had joined the
cause of liberty, and that a considerable corps of Grecian troops
had penetrated into the southern parts of Thessaly, where they
attacked and entirely defeated the Turkish army commanded by
CHOURSCHID PACHA, who, by the able conduct of tbe Grecian
General BOZ.ZARIS, was afterwards forced to take refuge in
Macedonia. Larissa consequently fell into the hands of the
Christians. From Arta the news are equally favourable to the
cause of humanity. Prince MAumicoßDATo had brought
the Albanians in that district over,to his cause, and after having
defcated the Pacha, had shut him up in that city, the speedy
surrender of which was anticipated. ori the side of Persia the
affairs of the Turks were equally unfortunate. Bagdad it-
self was closely invested, and Erzerum, the chief fortress in
Armenia, ivas in the same situation. In short, the speedy
dissolution of that empire, which for nearly five centuries has
trampled on the inhabitants of the fairest portion of the earth,
will be the result of the glorious actions of the Christian popu-
lation in the Levant, thereby proving themselves worthy of
their descent from the once illustrious masters of the civilized
world.
In Paris on Monday, both the French and Spanish public
-securities considerably improved in value, the Rentes closing
at 89 50, and the Spanish Bonds of 1821, at 64 on the even-
ing of that day.
The following. are the current prices of this day ;
French * Five per Cents. Dividend from 22d Sept. 90.
Spanish * Five per Cent of 1820, Dividend from Ist No-
vember, 72.
Ditto Five per Cent. Bonds of 1821 (sterling), Dividend from
Ist Nov. 601 B.
Ditto Scrip, 31 discount.
Russian *Six per Cents. Dividend from Ist July, 82.
Ditto * Five per Cents. (metall.) Div. from Ist Sept. 83.
Ditto New Fiye per Cent. (metall.) Dividend from Ist Sept.,
87/.
Ditto Scrip, 864 j.
Prussian Five per Cent. Bonds of 1818 (sterling) Dividend
from Ist Oct., 87.1.
Ditto of 1822 (sterling) Dividend from Ist July, 881. •

Ditto Scrip, 86i I.
Neapolitan * Five per Cent. Bonds, Dividend from Ist July,
77i.
Colombian Six per Cent. Bonds (sterling) Dividend from Ist
Nov.,. 78.
Chilian Six per Cent. Bonds ,(sterling) Dividend from Ist
Oct. 77.
Marked * are subject to the rate of Exchange. ,
Morning Chronicle.)

LITERARY NOTICE.

FEDERATIVE CONSTITUTION FOR ITALY.—Pro-
ject for its Regeneration ; founded on the respective interests
and reciprocal advantages of the several Italian Sovereigns ;
embracing the objects proposed by the Holy Alliance,_ and
tending to make that country participte, not only in the re-
sults proceeding from such objects, but also in the benefits
promised by the enlightened state of the age, &.c.—By Capt.
FRANCIS ROMEO.

Although from the deep interest of their pre-
sent internal movements, as well as the charac-
ter which the final issue of their struggles will
give to their external influence upon the sur-:
rounding- states, Spain and Greece now occupy
the largest share of the attention, and excite the
liveliest sympathies of Europe,—yet to the eye
of the Statesman, ITALY offers an object of con-
templation, still more important, perhaps, than
that presented by the Ictual condition of any
other section of the European Continent. One
thing is certain, that it is impossible to give per-
manency to the present arrangement of its States,
and that it contains, therefore the germs
of future convulsions, which may destroy
the repose and the equilibrium of the civilized
world. Every project for the regeneration of
Italy, therefore, and for placing its political con-
stitution on a secure basis, is entitled to delibe-
rate examination. The well-known Captain Ito-
auo has offered a plan for the accomplishment of
these important purposes, in the first place to the
British Government. The following extracts
will enable our Readers to comprehend the de-
sign, and some of the political reasonings' in
which it has originated
_ . .

A PROJECT to conciliate the national unity of Italy with the
existence of its several Sovereigns, arid thus to secure the in-
dependence of its people, the authority of its Legitimate
Princes, and promote the noble objects which the Allied
Sovereigns have proclaimed.
Italy should haie a uniform Constitution in all its several
States; which should be connected in a federative Government.
A National Presidency should regulate the interests of the Con-
federation ; and each kingdom direct, by itself, the adminis-
tration of its own affairs.

The Italian Constitution should be put in actionsby three
directing Powers, viz.—the leg,islative,—the executive,—and
the judiciary. The first should discuss and decree the laws,
but on proposals made by the second:—the second should exe-
cute them :—the third should decide when they are violated,
and apply them to cases calling for a decision.
A superior Power, representing the whole of Italy, to be
called the Conservative Power, created as hereafter mentioned,
shall guarantee to every one of the other three Powers their re-
spective rights,—exact their duties,— and rectify the aberrations,
in case any one shall deviate from the sphere prescribed to it.
Every Italian sovereignty acknowledged by the Confedera-
tion, is to be under the guarantee of the whole Italian nation,
which is bound, in all cases, to watch for the safety of every
individual State.

The Government of Italy should have a general, and parti-
cular administration. That of each State should be diteected
by a Constitutional King, a 'Representative Assembly, and a
body of Magistrates. The General Administration should be en-.
trusted to a Senate and a Primate, to be at the head of the Con.!
federation, and preside over all the Italian Kingdoms.
The Executive Powers, vested in the Constitutional Sove-
reigns, should be concentrated in the Primate, who will thus
represent them all. The Legislative power, entrusted to the
Representative Assembly in each seperate State, for what con-
cerns that State, is in like manner to he vested in the Senate,
as far as regards the regulations and the interests of the Con-
federation. The Judiciary power, belonging to the Magistrates
in the individual States, under the name of the Conservative
Power, when the Confederation-is concerned, should be vested
solely in the Senate.

PARTICULAR AND GENERAL ADVANTAGES PROMISED BY

THE SYSTEM HERE PROPOSED.
Let us examine if this system .would he suitable to, those
Monarchs who should consent to it,—lf it would be agreeable
to their Ministers,--If the Nobles' .of Italy could esteem them-
selves humiliated, or the Liberals not satisfied,—And if the
Allied PoWers, Powers protendinct to dominion in Italy, or
neighbouring States, could regard it as' injuring them, or as'
contrary to their just designs."
The Sovereigns of Italy cannot deny that their dominions,
contagious to Spain, Greece, and France, are inhabited by an
enlightened and enterprising people attached to the constitu-
tional system, and acting in combinations very little known,—
that the voice of the age every where calls for Constitutions,—,
that Alexander has granted one to Poland, and the Kings
of Bavaria and Wirtemberg rival each other in giv-
ing to, their subjects ;—that Louis the XVIIIth has be-
stowed one on France ; and Great Britain introduced one into
Sicily ;—that the people, to whom constitutions have been con-
ceded, are tranquil, while those to .whom they are refused re-
volt ;---and that what is here proposed,- is at present actually
possessed by England ; .and, moreover, the very same which
the Allied Sovereigns had no difficulty, a short time before, in
offering to 'ltaly.
Whoever believes-it disadvantageous, should observe the pre-
sent and preceding condition of those nations in whicli constitu-
tions are eMablished,—What they were before obtaining them,
and how they became what they are. Whoever thinks that
'the Italian Princes would- sacrifice their power by conforming
to this-system, may reflect on the means employed by the King
of Great Britain in past emergencies, and on the sacrifices made
by -his people to secure his throne. Where is the nation which
would do as much to support a-despo.t?—and where are the Des-
pots who could have compelled their vassals to similar exer-
tions ? If the Sovereigns of Italy believe themselves degraded
by granting such Constitutions, let them tell us what is their
power at present ;—let them distinguish from how many falla-
cious undertakings a Constitutional Government protects its
Prince; from how many obligations it exempts him, and in
what manner it promotes his objects : they may easily pe.rceive,
from all these circumstances, if it would be humiliating for
them to adopt such a Government, or to assimilate their System
to that of Great Britain. If all this is not enough, it may still
be remarked, that by the plan proposed, Kings who possess but
a precarious and very circumscribed authority become efficient
Sovereigns, and Sovereigns of the whole of Italy. Ought such
results not to please than ?
Their Ministers May, at the same time, remark that, by this
system, they are to be responsible for the administration of the
State ; and that, consequently, they aredestined to support the
whole weight of the executive power, and enjoy all its advan-
tages. Instead, therefore, of this System filling them with dis-
' may, it should elevate their courage, and be flattering to their
talents. By this system will not they become the actual rulers
of the country ? Ought they to complain of thus acquiring such
an exalted influence? In thqproposed administration, however,
they have men, not brutes, to govern ; and the Ministers who
preside over the former ought to have superior qualities. But
what then ? Great talents abound in Italy, and let those not
undertake the office of governing who are not equal to its
duties.
The Constitution proposed gives to the Nobles a personal
representation in the Senatorial Assembly
:from private indi-
viduals,' therefore, they will become the hereditary Legislators
of their country. Can such an honour disgust them ? -
The Liberals of Italy demanded a Constitutional Monarchy,
and.not.a. Republic. They, inhabit a country in which the feu-
dal rights and titles of the Nobility cannot, in one moment, be
ettirpated ; and in the past changes, either fortune or prudence
seemed always to fail them. What .better system, therefore,
than this, can they now promise themselves ?
But' the Government here proposed will not perhaps
Observa-
tions ficient to guarantee that practical liberty in a Monarchy which
intelligent and social beings may require. Lord John Russell,
however, an enlightened Nobleman, in his Work-__4
on the English Constitution,"—has proved that such a
System is the best calculated to obtain this object. The situa-
of England confirms it,—the observations I made in the—
" Sfieccitio del- bisingaimo,"_appear. convincing on this sub-
ject ; and, if individual experience could add any weight to the
argument, it should now be clearly demonstrated;
(To be continued.)