The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-29 00:00:00

ITALY.

The Risorgimento of Turin has the following from
Florence, 20th inst., concerning the prohibition of
the funeral ceremony in memory of Charles Albert :-
6. A subscription had been opened here for a funeral
ceremony to be celebrated to the memory of
the late Charles Albert, and permission had
been applied for to Government for the purpose.
The permission was delayed some time, but was granted
at last, and the ceremony was to take place in
the Church of Santa Croce. Half the inhabitants of
Florence intended to be present, notwithstanding the
ceremony was to be restricted withing the limits of the
greatest simplicity. There was to be a simple in-
scription over the door as follows To Charles Albert
the SLgnanimous,' then the arms of Savoy over the
cenotaph, nothing else. General d'Aspre even published
an order of the day to his troops inviting the
Austrian officers to assist at the ceremony. It so hap-
pened, however, that the Sardinian Ambassador, Villa-
marina, neglected an invitation to a grand festival
given by General d,Aspre in honour of the anniver-
sary of the Emperor of Austria's accession to the
throne. General cl'Aspre took offence at this, hastened
to the Ministers, and insisted's:in the funeral ceremony for
Charles Albert being suspended which was accordingly
done at the eleventh hour. Villamarina, it is said, in-
censed at such an insult, has written to his Government
for authorisation to celebrate a funeral ceremony in the
name of the Sardinian Embassy. The Tuscan Govern-
ment has extended its prohibition to Pisa, Lucca, and 11
other principal towns."
of the 23d the Minister of Grace anu ic In the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies Justice
Turin
pre-
sentedurin
in order to make
of
several
Crievfmiolr
Cesd
et,o be introduced in
different a
aßrticles
them harmonise with the Constitution. The Minister
of Finance also presented a report on the situation of
the public treasury, and the ways and means to meet
the present financial difficulties.
The Milan Gazette of the 23d gives an official
account of the disturbances that took place at Milan
on the 18th on the occasion of the Emperor's birthday.
It further states that 20 of the persons arrested have
been condemned to the bastinado, and 14 to several
months' imprisonment.

THE COMMON SENSE OF THE
HUNGARIAN QUESTION.
It is a gallant and noble thing to trample upon a
fallen nation. We may expect that the reverses of
the Hungarian arms will be followed up by attacks
upon the Hungarian character. Already this has been
begun by the writer of an article in Thursday's
Times, headed as above. The writer professes to have
resided on various occasions in Hungary, and to have
carefully studied Hungarian history and political
geography. If this is the case, he has done so to
little purpose.
He says, "the ultra Magyars wished to drive the
Croats and Tschechs by force into a foreign na-
tienality ;" and proceeds to assert, that "the utijusti-
fiably violent methods used by them are indisputable.
The flogging of peasantry that refused the change of
language in public worship; the innumerable cases
of forcible interference between parent and child, in
the matter of education ; the refusal of the Magyar
censors to allow the Tschechs any newspaper what-
ever, in their mother tongue ; are all too incontest-
able to be effaced from the page of history."
Now it happens that there are no Tschechs in Hun-
gary. The writer, doubtless, means the blovacks,
who belong to the same great Slavic branch as the
Tschechs of Bohemia. But letting this pass, we may
ask why, instead of vague charges, he does not pro-
duce at least one single fact bearing upon these
charges. Such similar accusations as have been made
in German papers have been invariably refuted. As
for Magyar censorship, the notion of such a thing is
most ridiculous. The censorship in Hungary was in
the hands of the Government, and consequently anti-
Magyar ; and it was always the policy of that Govern-
ment to fan the jealousies which existed in Hungary,
as they do everywhere else, between races speaking a
different language.
It is false to date the occupation of the greater part
of Hungary by the Turks from the battle of Mohacs.
After that battle, Solyman withdrew without occupy-
ing a single village of the realm. Whatever he and
his successors acquired was gained from Sovereigns of
the House of Hapsburg. After Austria had been
saved by Sobieski, the Austrian arms made progress
in Hungary, and gradually the Hungarian kingdom
was re-extended to its present limits ; but Hungary
could never, according to any maxim of national law,
have been considered a conquered province by the
House of Hapsburg. The election of each Hapsburg
Sovereign was accompanied by a solemn oath on his
part to respect the liberties and independence of the
realm ; and when, in 1687, the crown was rendered
hereditary in that family (consequently after the time
from which the writer of the letter dates the com-
mencement of the Constitution in Hungary), an
equally solemn oath was taken to the same effect by
the heir Joseph 1., who was crowned in the lifetime
of his father Leopold ; and has been repeated by
every one of the hereditary Sovereigns since that time,
with the exception of Joseph ll.—who is therefore
always counted an usurper.
But it seems that Austria " rendered Hungary de
jure an independent kingdom, but de facto married to
Austria, by the imperial and royal armies forming one
corps under the War-office of Vienna." This the
writer of the article asserts ; and does not perceive
that by 30 doing he shows, in its strongest colours,
the perfidy of the House of Hapsburg. For 165
years, according to this calculation, the House of
Hapsburg admitted by solemn oaths the de jure inde-
pendence of Hungary, while she was doing all in her
power de facto to render that independence a nullity.
Of course, as long as the House of Hapsburg could
send Hungarian regiments to Italy, and garrison
Hungary with Bohemian and Italian troops, her inde-
pendence was in a most precarious condition. The
Hungarians were fully justified in demanding a sepa-
rate Ministry of War, without which there could be
no permanent security for their liberties. Such was
the opinion of that great man, Count Szechenyi,
whose name has been pressed into the service of ab-
solutism in a way that he would be the first to repu-
diate if Providence should be pleased to restore his
faculties and who himself took office, by the side of
Kossuth, in a Constitutional Ministry formed upon
those principles.
The curious ascending scale of civilisation in rural
Hungary, according to this writer's views, is one
that will hardly bear the test of inquiry. It must be
indeed a very strange taste that would prefer
the condition of the military frontier to that
of any part of civil Hungary. In most parts of
the Banat there are local advantages which will ac-
count for its flourishing condition, without seeking
any such cause as that of its having been longest
under imperial civil admininistration. But vil-
lages:could be pOinted out in the Banat as wretched
as any that are to be found in any other part of
Hungary ; and villages could also be named in other
parts of Hungary that would do credit to the Banat.
With regard to passable roads and bridges, smiling
villages and neat cottages, the best-informed travellers
have been able to discover them in Hungary without
ascending the Save, Drave, or Danube, into Styria,
Austria, and the Tyrol.
If the Hungarian Reform Bills were passed only
at the eleventh hour, it was solely because since 1832
they have met with' a most determined resistance on
the part of the AuStrian Government. The present
war in Hungary cannot be said, according to any
known and familiar application of language, to have
begun in preventing a repeal of the union : for no
union ever existed except according to this newly-
fangled, far-fetched de facto interpretation. But a
union did exist, and had existed for eight centuries,
between Hungary and Croatia, which the House of
Hapsburg attempted by the most perfidious means to
dissolve.

As for the supposition that Austria will introduce
any system but that of absolutism, it is too childish
to be worth answering. The essence of the Austrian
system of government is to govern by a complicated
mechanism of salaried officials. The charter of Count
Stadion makes no provision for any real self-govern-
ment, and can only be forced upon the various peoples
that inhabit the Austrian territories at the point of
the bayonet.
The fruits of the great crime of the annihilation of
Hungarian Independence will be reaped by Russia.
The Austrian Emperor is henceforth the vassal of the
Czar, dependent upon Russian bayonets for protection
against his subjects. Russia will bide her time. She
wfirisllt waitundertihlier t
ihnefl fureuni
ct e
andripet,
haennd
uthe
eprr ohveirn c
de so
mfail_l
nion. The last barrier is swept away between Russia
and Turkey.— Exa •
nuner.

STATE OF TRADE.
(From the Manchester Guardian of this day.)
MANCHESTER, TUESDAY.—The Cambria's reports
of injury to the growing cotton from excessive rain,
followed by the anomaly of a quiet market iu Liver-