The Sun.
London, England, 1831-01-07 00:00:00

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(From the Times.)
We have just received by express, the Paris
Journals, morning and evening, of Wednesday, and
letters from our private correspondents, from nll of

which it will appear that great apprehensions were

entertained in that capital that the terrible crisis of
affairs in Poland, and the uncertainty of the Belgic

a►rangen►ents, were calculated to embroil Europe, at
no distant time, in a general war. The hopes that
such a calamity may be averted rest upon the mo-
deration and abilities of the Ministers of the prinei-

pal Powers, who are now employed in negociation
in behalf of their respective Cabinets.
The following are extracts from Wednf.sday's
Paris papers, most of which give the proclamation
of the Emperor Nicholas against the Pa's, with
comments upon the probable fate of Poland :
The Journal des Debats, after giving the procla-
mation, smys, " We 'ee there that the combtions
offered by Russia are equivalent to a declaration of
war, and this war has perhaps commenced at the
moment we are tracing these lines. We shall re-
, turn to-morrow to the considerations which grow

out of so great an event."
It is said that a number of deputies, forming, the
centre droite and the centre gauche of the Chamber,
have addressed a memorial to the King, recom-
mending him not to dissolve the Chamber of ID:-
pities, and to strengthen the Peerage by creating 40
new Peers taken from the centres.—National.

The following circular has been addressed by the
Minister of the Interior to the Prefects of the De-
partments:—
" tint,—The official acts which you have already re•
ceived have informed you that General Lafayette has re-
signed his command of the National Guards of France. I
hare no occasion to notice to you the regret experienced
by the King on receiving his resignation. The National
Guards of your department will, I am sure, readily con•
ceive that they cannot better do honour to General La-
fayette than by redoubling their ardour and activity. The
Commanders of the National Guards must be informed
that the service is not on this account to suffer any inter-
ruption or change ; and that it is to me, through you,- they
are now to address themselves on all affairs relating to the
National Guards of your department, and I rely on their
ardour to second me in this respect. I take this oppor-
tunity of dissipating the uneasiness that may have been
occasioned to the National Guards by the Law Project on
their organization. This law will give to the Government
the power of maintaining their formation by battalions in
all the districts where it is possible for it to be establish, d,
and the Government will uniformly exercise this power.
Therefore, wherever there may be occasion, assure the
minds of the public, and let no person remain ignorant
that the first object of our solicitude is, and ever will be,
to maintain the organization of a citizen militia, which
will render order and liberty inseparable.

" Receive, &c.
" MONTALIVET."
The interest of Treasury Bonds will be fixed at
five per cent, from the Ist of Jan. 1831.—Moniteur,
The Commission named for the re-organization 01
the National Guards of Parisian Artillery, assem,
bled yesterday morning at the house of the Minister
of the Interior. We are assured they will not sepa-
rate without having arranged the basis of the re-
organization of this essential corps. It is si.id that
the organization by legion will be maintained.
Orders have been given in each nrairie, for the in-
scription of citizens who wish to belong to it. The
old members will have a preference.—Journal des
Debats.
Extract of a private letter of the 20th ult. from
Warsaw :—" The number of Russian officers who
are prisoners of war in this city is 140; they are all
lodged at the Royal Castle, and if one of our
Journals is to be believed, M. Schmidt, the Prussian
Consul, has frequent communications with them.
The new Journals which have appeared here since
the Revolution are the Conscientious Pole, the Spy,
the Patriot, the Standard Bearer, the White Eagle,
the Sarmatian Sybil, and the Bard of Free Poland.
The Sarmatian Sybil proposes the Duke de Reich-
stadt as King of Poland ; but this Austrian
Utopia is not approved by the other Papers. We
have a French theatre, in which are displayed
the Polish white flags and the French tri-coloured
one, the White Eagle of Poland and the Gallic
Cock. Every evening the actors sing the " Mar-
seilloise," the " Parisienne," the " Polish Lancers,"
and other patriotic compositions. The police can
scarcely be said to exist at Warsaw, as the Uni-
versity National Guards discharge the functions of it
with extraordinary ardour and activity. The staff
of this guard occupies the building formerly appro-
priated to the censorship. The Warsaw National
Guards wear no uniform, but are distinguished from
the other citizens by printed cards in their hats
bearing two numbers, one of the arrondissement,
and the other of the company to which they belong.
A singular fact is related of the Prince de Lubeke
When the Emperor was at Warsaw, in June of last
year, the Prince recommended him to change the
system of his Government, and foretold the revo-
lution of France as well as that of Poland; but
Nicholas laughed, and replied Your prophecies
are mere dreams.' It is this same prophet, however,
that is sent by the Dictator to St. Petersburg!) at
the head of the Polish deputation. He possesses the
confidence of the Emperor,and is well acquainted with
the wants of Poland and Russia, for he was Russian
Governor at Wilfl, and was subsequently sent on
several diplomatic missions to Berlin and Vienna. A
general persuasion exists that the Emperor will listen
to the remonstrances of a man so highly esteemed
as he is. Yet the propositions he is authorised to
make are of a very serious nature, and the Dictator
declares that the Polish nation is ready to perish if
his Majesty does not agree to them. They are :-
1. The union to the actual kingdom of Poland of all
the provinces separated by the first, second, and
third division ; 2. The abolition of the additional
act to the constitution of the kingdom, by which the
proceedings of the nuncios and Deputies are carried
on with closed doors ; 3. The correction of several
articles of the Charter; 4. The establishment of the
same constitutional system in Lithuania which will
only make one country with the kingdom ; 5.
Guarantees for the execution of the laws ; 6. Not
a single Muscovite soldier shall remain in Poland.
As to the freedom of the Press, individual liberty,
and other fundamental points, they are all found in
the Constitution of 1715, which requires but very
few changes. Never would the revolution have
broken out in Warsaw, if the Grand Duke and other
Russian agents had not violated the Constitution
every day."

CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.—StrrixG Or JAN. 4.
The President took the Chair at one o'clock.

M. Arthur Labourdonnaye took occasion to com-
plain of severe measures exercised upon M. de la
Houssaie, a young mercantile man of his depart-
ment, who had been arrested for some inconsiderate
expressions. A search had been made at his house,
by which his interests had been greatly injured, and
a draft for 3,000 fr. had been lost. lie had been
now three months in prison, without being brought
to trial, although the Keeper of the Seals had pro-
mised that the affair should be brought to an issue.
M. Willard Kerbortin, Chief President of the
Royal Court of Rennes, said that NI. de la Houssaie
had been arrested upon charges of a very serious
nature. Among others, it was alleged that, after
having made an agreement with a boatman to convey
him to St. Lo, he put a pistol to his breast, and
made him sail for Jersey, where he remained several
days. It was necessary to make researches and in-
quiries at Jersey,
and this necessity occasioned de-
lay. There was no doubt, however, that the Chain-
her of Council would shortly come to a resolution.
M. Dupont (de l'Eure) observed that there was
reason to believe that M. de la Houssaie had gone
from Jersey to Charles X. in England. His arrest
was not illegal. It was not svithout great efforts
and the intervention of the National Guards that
he had been apprehended, for he threatened the
gendarmes with his pistols.
M. Arthur de Labourdonnaye had no intention
of accusing Ministers. In the affair in question he
could only see a misfortune; and would persist in

maintaining that not a single fact would be brought by
d,)ete. strnohenedleN'eil
against M. de la Houssnie. this ours
M ' . Dupont wished the affair to be referred to the ,
Keeper of the Seals, in whose office would be found are the ''re
all the papers upon the subject, which would show sonai
that in the arrest there was nothing of an illegal rioes_in
oat ore. member t
After a few words from General Lamarque and pared
11. Bar the, the petition was referred to the Minister for
of Justice.-Adjourned. measure
SITTING OF WEDNESDAY, JAN.S. of the A
The Deputies assembled again to-day to proceed Severe
to the preliminary investigation of the law for elect- to wear t
ing of the Members of the House. It is said that
merry bureaux have opposed the plan of elections (Prom t
proposed by the Government ; and that they are of
Opinion that a sense should be fixed in the same t Nothir
manner as that which imposes any other eligibility. Proposed
This electoral sense should, according to these, be as we she
less than 300 francs of direct taxes., as established tioned
by the Charter of 1814.. The adji:
l'he Deputies of the centre of tho Chamber start, talented
it is said, so many difficulties, that it is supposed canna 1
they will succeed in rejecting the projected law. firmly be
When the 'Members assembled it was half-after such a I.
two o'clock ; they seemed still heated from the die- hers will
cessions that had taken place in the bureaux. von to tl
The llouse continued to deliberate on the pro- tione h;
posed law for the organization of the National Guard. ir is sai
The following are the punishments which may be to gore
iiffcted on National Guards :-I. A reprimand ; Lefitte t
2. Reprimand, with correction ; 3. Incapacity to has ma
receive rank ;4. Imprisonment, not exceeding five France,
(lee's. The Chamber considered it improper to in- dieted th
flict fines for transgressions. and Ow
General Lafayette entered the house at half-past `vas not
three o'clock; arid M. de Tracey was left speaking at expect t
four o'clock, upon parts of the National Guard Law, men of t
FRENCH FUXES.-PARIS, JAN. 5.-Five per Cents., after wh
92f. 20e. 15c. 10c. 15c. 10e. 92f. 91f. 75c. 50c. 91f. Prevailir
80c. 92f. 91f. 90c, 921. 92f. 20r. 30c. 20. 921. 10e. Dupont
15e. 10c. sc. 92f. ; Four per Cents., 77f. 761. 50c. ; about tl
Three per Cents., 61f. 20c. 10e. 61f. 601. 80c. 50c. 85c. opinion.
61f. 61f. 15c. 611. 20e. 10c. 20c.. Bank Stork. 1,5201. who w*
11
°re
1,5151. 1,517 f. 50c. 1,5101. 1,5001. 1,5101. ; Rente de not 7'
.
Naples, 61f. '7sc. 621. 25c. 15c. 62f. 62f. 10c. ; Rents N,
d'EApagne, 16 15 ; Royal Spanish Loan, 60 ; was the
i 71;
Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 45t 45 46 461 461 made so
46 451 46. Exchange on London, one month, money, fayette't
251. 15c. ; three months, money, 25f. 5c.-Ceuvs House,
Authentique. Guards
fools of,
(From the Times Private Correspondent.) action-
PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. frighten
You will find by the journals that the affairs of plot-ii
Poland arid Belgium are looked upon with anxiety the mer
and apprehension. Some of the students of the spot or
schools are this day engaged in presenting standards, ceed fc
in the square of the Pantheon, to several natives of for orde
Poland as ho are about to depart this evening to joist over th
the patriots of their devoted country. At the head spirator
of these is a gentleman named Czapski, who is, if 60,000
lam not misinformed, the same person who so fre- acsistan
quently appeared at the soirees of General Lafayette I ask
in the proscribed ancient costume of his country. there 1,
lam informed whilst writing, that the ceremony of to mak,
presenting these standards was conducted with great victory
enthusiasm. O'Gorman Mahon has arrived in felt sat
Paris to present a Dublin address to M. Odillon power
Barrot, at the hotel de Ville to-morrow, sight
You will find, too, that the popular societies, lendino
which were crushed by the firmness of the Govern- Chard.
ment last autumn in the metropolis, where, bow- of Lib
ever, 1 have reason to believe they have since kept and la
up it silent organization, have reappeared with The
more than their original strength in Alsace, the dc- rable I
partment lately represented by Benjamin Constant. facility
I subjoin their prospectus, which I have this more- republ
ing received by post, dated in Strasbourg on the 2d His a
instant, where it has just been printed in French reache
arid in German. of the
The new electoral law will give rise to warm de- but it
bates. It is said that the centre of the Chamber are which
indignant at the admission to the electoral franchise some
of the learned bodies, who are deemed by them to in ill(
be the most turbulent of the population ; while the studer
extreme liberals of the left do not think the franchise Sor
sufficiently extended, and demand a more enlarged speak
electoral body. lb be an
I enclose you the prospectus of the liberals of cable_
Alsace. men c
[We have not room for it to-night. Our ear' have I
respondent, also speaks of a letter of vindication Grey,
written by M. Odillon Barnet, but it was subse- office,
quently withdrawn by the writer.] but in
PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING, a bo3
On the subject of local politics here, there was 0 Picnic
meeting at General Lafayette's house last Sundays
Solve(
Tit
in which, I am informed, it was determined to ore
ganize a proper " left" (opposition) in the Chamber; rid of
the leading members of this left to be the venerable „
General, M. Dupont (de l'Eure), M. IMatb euin, I‘l, "we
Salverte, M. de Tracy, M. Coreelles, and one Of to, Du
two others, who were to arrange tactics. An es'efia"P.
plosion in debate is hourly expected from this oleo' Th
nization, but I know the Chamber will be disstowlveeedri ins o)
the moment the new electoral lew has been enacted, I'olyt
M. Guizot will lead a sort of centre, or moderate theor
constitutional party-an intermediate body be
the Government as composed at prevent and the 0' to th,
treme liberals. The latter organization is in goo, rittml
time for these Ministers-it will be a " breakwater thee]
for their port against the tempestuous tide of coo' Corn
coaled republicanism. office
that
Meantime', the public out of doors are looking
on, as far as I can observe, rather tranquilly at there Stud
party arraneemente. Commerce and trade of 011 Min
kinds are in stagnation, and the youth of France evi' of th
dently seek with a keen relish the sad pastime of Porti
war for their occupation ; and all eyes are turned to'' form
wards Poland, to see what combustibles are within they
the reach of ignition, from the sparks which must be e
struck out of the collision between Russia and Po' had
land. Marshal Soult is most active in putting th 6 in le
whole military establieleraent upon a war footing' Denis
However, the Government declare these measures revol
to be alone precautionary. bible
There is at this moment, in Paris, a violent con;
troversy raging between the disbanded artillery an°, V
Count Nlontalivet, who is said to be the author 0' eubli
their dissolution. The Commission, at the head of Gove
which is General Lobau, is now sitting to re-or' I:lriienel
ganize this corps, and to purge it of some refracted( Cab
members. I will not engage in this controversy, w
which I have heard a good deal at either side, but and
refer you to the Journals for the arguments prat nen,
and con. I am, however, from private sources 0, Ada,
information, which I believe to be accurate, enabled
to inform you, that while on the one hand a number bat'
meat officers (of artillery) have signified to the Govern'
ment their approbation of this re-organization, Fr; sever
veral others are at this moment combining to proses se),
against it in the following tarns. I must prernisc' sAy,
however, that the paper which follows is at this( in
moment only a projet, in circulation among some ° 'mug
these gentlemen, to see how far it meets the appr°' arrei
bation of those who feel unjustly stigmatised by tie
disbandment of a corps which, they insist, was l
rnrc
ways ready to do its duty. The projet is in the" Nit
words:- , Zoe
" The artillery of the Parisian National Gueru cost
has been organized like the whole National Guard' env
by virtue and according to the forms of the law , next
1791. tow
" The elections have been made, under the force ":
of this law, in presence of the municipal authorities'
" This lass, is the only one which this day rules day,
as, and that which is before the Chamber of DePir sent
ties is not yet enacted. 131'4
" Nevertheless, a simple ordinance has dissolved me,°,l`
the artillery, under the pretext that some officer°
p`'zutai
have given in their resignation. tuin
" NVe declare that this ordinance is illegal in rif Lek
its parts, and that we have the right to reclaim °lle has
artillery and the standard which have been entrusts ties
to us. a, a
" We believe it, then, to be our duty to protee,
nll
and we now protest formally, against the royal ord,
nance, countersigned Montalivet,' which dissolver ttohnel
the artillery of the Parisian National Guard. tae nes,
think, even if it be true that twenty officers hair' „f
sent in their resignation, that is no reason for ll di
solving a corps of National Guards-a corps "hips
could only be suspended or deprived of its funetiO°

by some just ground of forfeiture. If any of us be
deemed guilty, let us be put on trial. We demand
this ourselves.

" We do not speak of the calumnies of which we
are the objects—this discussion might become per-
sonal. We raise our voice in favour of our institu-
ti°,lB—in favour of all France, who still must re-
member that the Mimistry of Charles X. had pre-
Pared for the days of November, be the dissolution
or the National Guard, and who four tLata similar
measure may be now attempted by the dissolution
of the Artillery."
Several of the artillery corps continued this day
to wear their uniforms. Y.

(From the 31orning Herald Private Correspomdent.)

PARIS, JAN. 5.

Nothing is talked of at present but the new
, Proposed loi des elections. Though not as popular
as we should desire, we wish to hear it may be Km-
i doped by the Chambers, but it is very doubtful.
The adjunctions of the Jury, of the officers, and the
talented classes amongst the electors, arc things that
I cannot be approved of by the Deputies; and I
firmly believe they are right when they say that, if
✓ such a law is carried, very few of the present Mem-
bers. will be returned. We expect a strong opposi-
von to the project of the Government. The reduc-
tions have also frightened them. The King,
▪ it is said, is determined not only to reign, but
e to govern by himself. It was he that impelled
Lefitte to present the law of the Civil List, which
o has made so bad an impression throughout
e France. I was well-informed last week, when I pre-
. dieted the retirement of Lafayette, Dupont de l'Eure,
and Odillon-Bat rot. The resignation of the latter
t was not accepted by the King, but you may soon
t expect to see him out. It is utterly impossible for
men of their avowed principles to continue in office,
, after what has passed, and with the system that is
1. Prevailing. The speeches of Odillon-Barrot and
Dupont de l'Eure hare confirmed what I have said
; about the plot. Every thing leads to the same
e opinion. Ido not say that there are not some men
le who wish the return of Charles X.; but they could
not organize any law that was likely to succeed. It
to was the second act of Titus Oates' conspiracy that
made so much bustle, and was never proved. La-
fayette's retirement, and his explanations in the
-V's House, have opened the eyes of the National
Guards ; they perceive now they have been made
fools of, and lent their support to the system of re-
action--the word anarchy was the talisman that
a. frightened them ; and if, after all, there was no
)1 plet—if, as is the fact, the crowd was composed of
ty the mere rabble, and some persons brought on the
le spot out of curiosity—if their number did not ex-
Is, teed four or five thousand, where was the danger
of for order ; and what is the victory that was gained
in over the conspirators ? But what were thor e con-
%d q)irators ? The National Guards, amounting to
if 60,000 men, were under arms— the Schools lent
acsistanee—the work-people remained at their work.
:to I ask again, what were the conspirators ? and, if
.y. there were any, was their number dangerous enough
of to make such a bustle about it ? There was one
tat victory gained, however, for the Deputies must have
in felt satibfied with the essay they had made of their
on power on the Garde Nationale. It was a singular
sight to see the deluded Garde Nationale, while
ee, lending their support to the new despotism of the
rn- Chamber, erecting out of the same a beautiful statue
of Liberty, and singing around it the Parisicnnc
lot and la Marseillaise.*
ith The Times' correspondent is abusing the eerie-
de- rable Lafayette when he says, " He is with great
nt. facility influenced for the moment by a few staunch
re- republicans, who are his most constant companions."
Ilis adieux a la Garde National, which must have
rich reached you, explain the conduct and the sincerity
of the best of men. He was influenced, it was true,
de- but it was by the promises of the Hotel de Ville,
are which are not fulfilled, and I fear will not be so for
use some time. You must not believe what is reported
to in the same letter about Lafayette's words to a
the student.
Some of the correspondents of the English Papers
ged speak of the students as of raw schoolboys :it would
Y•E be an error to think them so young and so despi-
so; cable—their mean age is about 22 ; and certainly,
men of that age, and enlightened as they are, must
:..ore have the knowledge of good and evil. Pitt, Lord
tioo Grey, Lord Palmerston, Lord Althorp, &c. were in
office, or in the Parliament, about the same age ;
but in France, at least with our Deputies, a man is
, a boy until he is turned 40. Such is the conse-
as 0 quenee of the institutions of Louis XVIII.
chip The artillery of the National Guard has been dis-
or, Solved to be again organised. They wanted to get
bet; rid of some of the officers.
able We expect a new change in the Ministry, not,
D 1• d however, on account of our home affairs, but owing
c 0, to our external politics; perhaps it will lead to the
ex, change of one of our principal Ambassadors.
e-ge The newspapers announced this day that a meet•
Irecl log of the Students of Lawe Medicine, and of the
:ted• Polytechnic School would take place at the Pan-
n.afe theon, for the purpose of presenting to their fellow
uee Students of the Polish nation (now about to return
, ex, to their own country to participate in its defence) a
roe number of standards. On proceeding to the Pan-
ttei I found, however, the doors closed, and a
con' Commissary of Police, with his tri-colour scarf of
office, standing in front of it. On inquiry I learned
!kiljg that his object was to prevent the entrance of the
:hese Students into the building. Three or four hundred
if All Young men had assembled ; but, on being informed
of the intended opposition to their proceeding, a
ne of Portion repaired to the Sorbonne, and the remainder
to, formed into groups on the place. After
short time
,ii this they dispersed.
Ist be * When I saw it, it put me in mind of a poor fellow I
Po' had heard the day before expressing his disappointment,
• the his clumsy way,
bg i
and crying about in the Rue St.
Amp Denis, ‘. I have lost my revolution ; they have taken my
sures revolution. I must make apther ;" at least he was sen-
sible of the loss.

coli;
r ~,o, We have reason to believe that the statemen,
or 0 Published in our last Paper as to a supposed division in the
!ad 01 Government the bye, ought to have been
printed for Cabinet)wwozsrd, by
incorrect. We are assured that
re-EW
there is at present no dissensionxtorl any kind in the
,of Cabinet—on the contrary, that aoroof perfect and cordial
.v.
tit co-operation, a more complete and good understanding,
~ 10 a and a more entire absence of dictation from any quarter,
el)r
of
Anedver. existed, than among the members of the present
munstration.—Brighton Gazette.
abled
It is a circumstance not unworthy of remark
imber
were, that a great number of persons of Scottish lineage are to
5 se, be found in Poland. Among the
county
nobility are
several names very commor i s aso
sb.e l oLnigtsi n g,
rnto, lesg
soArour, oldest and first families, such casuJnoirTN,
t .1,0
.11
geGneOraßlDON, and MitormEroN. These individuals 'apre-
__teilar Isou_, . descended from Scottish adventurers, who
imppro, az. j.::employment,d. in the 17th century, in the Russian
fill .—E tnburgh Advertiser.
- '
It I THE ENGLISHMAN SUNDAY NEWSPAPER,
.ass 0
macs Sm.
th,,,
... ENPENCE.-The Thirty-threa Prints of Comi-
c estates, which appeared in last Sunday's Belrs Life in
_ rd
cL.y. Onendtor , under the head of " Comic Annual," and which
.o_ci,
engraving,
Hundred and Sixty-five Guineas designing and
iascoaarof
nett, t
will be given in the _Englishman of Sunday
usual,
onlyJanuarysel 9. The price of the Englishman, as
enpence. It will be kept on sale all next
ford I"ek---Office; No. 169, Strand.
!rri ttiliees;
day,
omkstthee New Court of the Old Bailey yester-
perni,toenncere of
who of the Jurymen were greatly astounded when
Dow transportation for life was pronounced on a
had stolen 12s. from the person. The Com-
solved MO N SERJ ,
AicT told them that the representation could
ffi
ceig not be listened to,. and that it was necessary to make an
1 .11
II example as
Lawas the crime was frequent. This is English Cri-
., tolden to Judges, 1 a It
walf,toerall, the. thieves are much he-
m 00' hthus point out to them that there
A 5, been over• trading in atrarticular branch. The ra-
rtlate" lienal and reflecting
to betake
:ei judicialire:
rote4')!lst
to-eththieevme-
n.ew branch of purloining. It
1 ordi, stich
stowav
as bankruptcy is to other traders. So'
!soil° e.s. I.",neg_salsvanloyo'p.snar'lnteige.ular branch of thieving is not overstocked
haVy:
),els
its
skevei
inttenntiliy on the offenders ; but kindly inter-
prudence points out the necessity
.or dig
i.' `,,figiving a new drirectionn to criminal industry.—Morniny
whjec. Chronicle.
gtiOn.

LONDON,
FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 7, 1831.

As the main body of the Russian army is
now in full march for Warsaw, and the Poles

still continue to display the utmost activity and
determination, we may daily expect to hear news
of a great battle having been fought between
the two belligerent Powers. Though we
are not without apprehensions for the gallant
patriots, still we arc far from looking on
their cause as one of extreme desperation.
We even think that the chances are equal as to
the results of the first engagement ; for though
the Russians may be superior in numbers, they
are immeasurably inferior to the Poles in acti-
vity, skill, veteran discipline, and, above all, in the
intense energy of their patriotic devotion. The
latter well know thatdefeat will be to them extermi-
nation ; that not merely their freedom, but their
very name as a nation, are embarked in the
struggle; while the former have no such extraordi-
nary stimulus to inspire them ; success will en-
sure them no such advantages, defeat inflict
on them no such disasters. Under these
trying circumstances, when every soldier in the
Polish army must see the necessity of exerting
himself to the very utmost, as if the fate of his
country hung upon his individual exertions, we
shall not, we conceive, err much in our cal-
culation if we set down one Pole as equi-
volent to two Russians. Granting this,
upon the principle of the SITAKSPEARIAN
adage—which experience has a thousand times
proved to be correct—" Thrice is he armed that
ath his quarrel just," it will be perceived, that

though there be a disparity in point of numbers,
the two armies are in reality pretty nearly equal
as regards strength and power. But should the
Poles be defeated i❑ the first encounter, their
cause is far from being so hopeless as may at first
sight be supposed. Events are working for them
in every nook and cranny throughout Europe. Let
them but contrive to make a show of opposi-
tion for some months to come, no matter how
faint or imperfect, and they will scarcely fail to
reap the benefit of such perseverance. Russia
has many angry spirits to quell, and cannot af-
ford the hazardous monopoly of a Polish war.
The claims of Finland—of Persia—of Turkey,
are yet unsettled, and here Poland will be re-
venged as surely as by her own exertions.
The following are extracts from Warsaw and
other Papers received this morning :
(From the Warsaw Gazette.)

WARSAW, Dec. 27.—0 n the 26th despatches from
Count Stephen Gratowski, and addressed to M. Sobo-
lewski, as President of the Council of Administration,
were brought by an express sent by General Rosen. ThThesedespatches contain an order that the Council of Admini-
stration of the kingdom, composed as it formerly was, shall
take on it the Government of the country. It is inferred
from this, that the deputation sent by the Dictator had not
yet arrived at St. Petersburgh.
Our journals do not give the proclamation of his Ma-
jesty the Emperor. According to the Courrier, Lieut.-
Colonel Wylezynski has been sent to St. Petersburgh.
The Warsaw Courrier says, " his Imperial Highness
the Cesarewitach had last Thursday, the 16th instant, his
head-quarters at Adamkew, half a league beyond :Brzese
Letewaki. It is said they will be shortly removed to
Bialystock. Count Zomoyaki, who was sect by the Dic-
tator to General Rosen, has returned to Warsaw. The
Prussian General, we hear, declared to him, that as be is
under the command of his Imperial Highness the Cesare-
witsch, he can do nothing without his orders. Captain
Bezebrazow, commanding a division of hussars, is on the
Niemen, but remains inactive. There is but little com-
munication on that aide between Lithuania and Poland."
On the 20th the city was illuminated on account of the
termination of the Diet, and on the following day there
was divine service on the same account.
The deputation to which the Diet has confided the care
of watching the Dictatorship, consists of six members of
the Senate and nine members of the Chamber of Deputies ;
Prince Adam Czartoryski is President. The Dictator has
now taken up his residence in the palace of the Viceroy.
On the II th of December the Provisional Govern-
ment issued a decree on the formation of the sta-
tionary National Guard in the capital. Our journals
are filled with numerous proclamations from Munici-
pal Authorities, Commissioners of the Waiwode-
ships, and commanders of the levies, containing exhor-
tations, partly to the defence of the kingdom, partly
to the sending contributions of arms, clothing, cattle, and
money. For the last object a book is opened at the Senate,
in which the citizens are to enter their names with the
sums they contribute. But accounts are received from se-
veral Waiwodeships, that the officers of the general levy
appointed by the commanders do not come forward, and
it is necessary to threaten to appoint others in their room.
The Journals, on their part, do every thing to encourage
the citizens to assist in the fortifications.
GRAND DUCHY OF PosrN, Drc. Is.—An apprehen-

sion that the insurrection in Poland might extend to our
Polish provinces was at first not small ; now we have no
longer any fear. For a moment danger threatened many
noblemen, who tried every means to induce their peasants
to tise ; but the peasants declared they were better off now
than formerly. Hereupon the noblemen went over the
frontiers, but the peasants remained at home. A Countess
M— harangued her neighbours front a tomb stone; after
her speech was concluded, the peasants went home quietly
and the Countess sought safety in flight. The soldiers
of the Landwehr from the provinces have repaired
punctually to their posts and several battalions
marched with loud buzzes through Posen. The estates
of those noblemen who have gone to join the insurgents at
Warsaw are it is said confiscated. Perhaps it would not
be amiss to divide their corporated estates, amnia!, the
peasants. The peasantry in our Grand Duchy have shewn
a correct practical judgment, for the object aimed at is in
fact a revolution in favour of the nobility, but what
would the peasant who is well off gain by it ? Perhaps,
in their simple minds, they felt themselves bound to grati-
tude, and attachment to a Government which has watched
over them with paternal care, and far from repressing,
has encouraged their national habits and character. That
this care has met with ingratitude in some instances, is
manifest in a part of the nobility ; when the province was
taken possession of in 1825, they were sunk in debts,
by the incessant favour and support of the Government
they have recovered their prosperity and import nice, and
this is the return they make for it. We hope that our
frontiers will henceforth be closed against them, and
many of our neighbours will take example from our Polish
peasants.
WARSAW, DEC. 23.—A deputation of the republic of
Cracow has arrived here with a declaration that the whole
population had risen, and wished to join us. Many stu-
dents from Cracow arrive here.

In contradiction of a report spread by several jour-
nals, that there were five thousand spies in the
kingdom of Poland, and nine hundred in Warsaw
alone, the Commission ordered to examine the papers of
the secret agents of the Police acquaints the public that a
book has just been found among the sequestrated effects of
the Police agent Schlei, containing an alphabetical list of
that number of names; in the title-page it is called, " Al-
phabetical list of the honorary members, civil and eccle-
siastical officers, in the kingdom of Poland, for 1826."
Several persons who had a sight of the book in which
there are the names of several ladies, took it to be a list
of spies (not looking at the title), and thus various re-
ports were spread respecting many persons.
Colonel Hauke, who arrived here on the 16th, is gone
back to St. Petershurgh.
THE lIAGIJE, DEC. 31.—General Van Geen arrived
here yesterday. During his absence from the army, the
Duke of Saxe Weimar has the chief command.

The breaking of the armistice by the insurgents near
Maestricht appears to have given occasion to extraordinary
measures of precaution both in the fortress and the army.
It is affirmed, however, that the enemy's troops retired
more and more from the frontiers of North Brabant.
JANUARY 2.—On the 28th of December there was a
Cabinet Council which sat from two till eight o'clock, and
at half-past nine there was a conference at the office of the
Minister for Foreign Affairs with the Ambassadors of the
several Powers, which did not break up till late in the
night. The result was immediately reported to the King,
but of course nothing has transpired. It can only be con-
jectured that the discussion related to the resolution taken
by the five Powers respecting the recognition of the inde-
pendence of Belgium.
It is supposed that the States-General will quit at the
end of February.

ANISTERDAM, JAN. 3.
Actual Debt, 2% per cent. 3914 to 40%
Deferred ditto l3-16 to 15-16
Arnort Syndic, 4% per cent,
Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent.

The following are extracts from the Hamburg
Reporter, received this day :

BORSEN-HALLE, DEC. 31, HALF-PAST FOUR, P.M.—
The frost during the early part of the week had the effect
of completely interrupting the navigation, so that our only
arrivals were by land-carriage. Several parcels of Wheat
that had been warehoused were brought into the market,
and were eagerly bought up by speculators as well as by
our own consumers. Holders demanded in consequence
higher prices, and in many instances obtained them. Of
Rye the prices remain unchanged. The only purchasers
are our own consumers. For Barley there is but little
demand, and only small parcels are saleable. Oats continue
firm in price, but with little business doing. From the
18th to the 23d inst.. three cargoes of corn passed through
the Sound, of which two were bound for England.

Weight. -Rix dollars.
Dantzic Wheat 122 to 126 —to
Silesian
Anhalt, white llB to 124 150 to 185
red 122 to 128 150 to 185
Danish.. ... . l2O to 128 110 to 130
Dantzic Rye IIS to 1.) 94 to 100
Upland 116 to 123 94 to 98
Danish 116 to 120 9O to 99
Petersburgli and Riga 11S to 122 94 to 100
Magdeburgli Barley 9B to 104 7O to 75
Anhalt OS to 104 72 to 78
Holstein
Mecklenburgh
Upland Oats 66 to 71 52 to 62
Mecklenburgh
Lower Elbe to
Danish 66 to 75 4O to 56
Pomeranian Malt to
Pease, yellow, Upland

To-day's liquidation went over quietly ; money was
abundant, but stock scarce. Our market shows a ten
dem!y to a rise.

End of January,
Anglo-Danish Loan 3 per Cent 55%
Anglo-Russian Loan 83%
Hamburg-Russian Loan fl3%
Polish Bonds Bl4
New Prussian Four per Cents. (1830) 74
Austrian Bank Shares (194
Austrian Metalliques B5
New Austrian 4 per Cents

New Hanoverian Loan

When the Polish Dictator received the commands of the
Emperor from the hands of Colonel Von Ilauke, he imme-
diately sent word to General Rosen, whose troops were
cantoned on the frontiers of Poland, that if he attempted
to cross the boundary, such a step would be considered a
declaration of war. General Rosen agreed to undertake
nothing unless in obedience to the Cesarewiteh.

The French, Austrian, Russian, and Prussian
Ambassadors transacted business, this morning,
at the Foreign Office.

The question now so much agitated, of the
expediency or non-expediency of the use of
Ballot in Elections, is one of applicability of
certain means to a given end. It is a point
which ought to be fairly and dispassionately
considered by all who are sincerely desirous of
an effective Parliamentary Reform, and which
should be decided by the prevalence of the rea-
sons for or against it. There has been a strong
clamour raised against it, altogether alien from
the voice of argument, and a dogmatical sentence
pronounced in its favour by the more strenuous
class of Reformers. The country will therefore
do well in directing its attention to the pro-
bable advantages or disadvantages that would
arise from its adoption.
In behalf of the Ballot, it is urged, that the
only object of sending Members to Parliament
is, that the will of the electors may be there re-
presented by those whoa► they elect. Every pre-
caution should therefore be used to ensure the free
and unbiassed exercise of that will, for if it is, in
truth, influenced by others, the end of the elective
franchise is defeated. Human nature is unhappily
so prone to temptation, and the present state
of society so favourable to the temper, that it
would be unreasonable to expect unflinching in-
tegrity in a body of electors. So far as possible
they should, therefore, be kept out of the power
of corruption, to which end laws against bribery
and treating have been enacted. Upon the same
principle as these laws, there should also be a
law to keep the votes secret, for if such secrecy
can be secured, external influence is effectually
shut out. In France, the Netherlands, and the
United States, the Ballot has for years been in
action, and in all three, especially in the former,
the result has been found eminently favourable

to the freedom of election. The practice of
clubs and private societies has also added a
sanction to its expediency. It therefore appears
desirable to be adopted as a part of any efficient
plan of Reform.
On the other hand, it is contended, that for

the law to sanction the concealment of the
manner ofexercising a public trust,is detrimental to
public morals, as tending to prevent the declara-
tion of the truth, and to uphold a system of
trickery and deceit. Public opinion and the
force of the truth will eventually be sufficient to
prevent any intimidation or corruption of voters,
and we should legislate not merely for the tem-
porary circumstances of society, but for the per-
manent good of mankind which the concealment
of the truth cannot possibly promote, but the
contrary. It is repugnant to the character of
an Englishman, which may be assumed to be
synonymous with an honest man, to do any act
which he would be ashamed to confess, and the
Ballot might consequently work a change in the
national character. Many travellers in America
say the Ballot does not answer, and is not
popular in that country. By an extension and
reformation in other respects of the elective
franchise, its defects would be remedied in a
manner much more conformable to established
laws and institutions than any introduction of

this innovation. The Ballot is therefore not ne-
cessary nor desirable.
To deCide between conflicting opinions is an
office which Journalists can hardly, without pre-
sumption, assume. We may, however, he per-
mitted to remark, that it appears to us a fallacy

to say, that laws ouuht to be framed otherwise
than with reference to the present condition of
society. If men were pure and perfect, there
would be no occasion for Ballot, nor for any
other law to preserve the purity of election, any
more than for statutes against larceny ; but, con-
sidering the frailty of human nature, our honesty
is for the most part best secured when the pre-
ventives against dishonesty are the most efficient.
The prostitution of the mind, like that of the
body, arises from the weakness of our composi-
tion. If a man, then, is not insensible to the
seduction of physical temptation, should he not
reasonably hesitate to open to allurement that
mind whose corruption is productive of conse-
quences far more generally pernicious ?