The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-13 00:00:00

N. LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING. N VEMITE'II. 13 1849.

drop being inconveniently crammed. But even
at that early hour we found it wholly
impossible to do more than catch a dis-
tant glimpse of th %allows. The narrow en-
trance to Horsemonger-ilne was likewise barricaded,
and none but policemen and privileged persons per-
mitted to pass. Here an immense crowd, collected
in Blackman-street, contented themselves by catching
a remote look at the scaffold. A large stand or
platform, erected immediately in front of the drop,
in Winter-terrace, was crowded with occupants long
before daybreak, and the windows and house•tops in
all the surrounding vicinity were crowded with eager
spectators of both sexes.
THE GAOL AND ITS APPEARANCE.
If a person could last night have placed himself
upon some high eminence, and have obtained a clear
perspective view of London, he would have seen
wending their way along the principle thoroughfares
when the great city is ordinarily hushed in silence
people of all classes and of both sexes, seemingly
bent upon one and the same destination,
Perhaps at a considerable distance from the general
place of rendezvous the echo of the streets was only
disturbed by the hurried tramp of solitary parties of
pedestrians, but as the distance grew less the number
of persons in the streets increased, and the actual spot
to which, as it were, the different streams of moving
humanity ran, was one dense and gigantic mass
of people, filling the roads and thoroughfares.
and covering some of the houses to their very tops.
Strange it is, that the morbid tastes and feelings of
the people to witness a public strangulation are so
great, that remaining throughout the night in the
streets in cold, foggy weather, squeezed on all *ides
by the mob, and first pushed one way and then
another, and the probability of being seriously in-
jured or robbed, are not thought too great risks to
encounter, in order to witness the terribly real drama
of which llorsemonger-lane gaol was the scene this

BERMONDSEY MURDER.

EXECUTION

morning.
For two or three days past ;the gaol has been an
object of great attraction, but yesterday, owing to the '
near impending fate of the Mannings, the
excitement of the public to see it became greater,
and the neighbourhood was visited by thousand
of people before nightfall. To many, however,
the appearance and situation of the prison must be
comparatively unknown ; for although it abuts
almost close upon one of the largest thoroughfares in
London, it is entirely screened by houses from the
sight of the pedestrian. About half way between
London bridge and the Elephant and Castle
there is, on the east side of the road, a
small narrow street, which is called Ironmonger-lane,
so nearly faces the wall of
.the Queen's Bench prison,
and although very narrow at the commencement,
about half-a.dozen houses down it opens into a wide
open road. On the right of this road is the gaol; it
is surrounded by brick walls so high that the tops of
the buildings inside can scarcely be seen as
one walks along. In the centre of this wall,
and in a line with it, is the entrance-gate,
or tower, which is about 40 or 50 feet from the
Upon the roof, which is almost level, is erected the
scaffold, painted in black, and of very simple con-
struction. It stands not in the centre, but at the
west end of this building, close to a stack of chimneys,
and consists simply of a slightly-raised platform, upon
which the fatal beam is fixed. The beam is about
twelve feet long, and supported by two up-
right posts, ten feet or so high. The platform
is enclosed by a wooden railing, except
about three feet at the corner, where steps are made
for the criminals to ascend. At the other end is an-
other platform, a little higher, also surrounded by
wooden rails, upon which the culprits will first make
their appearance, and engage most likely in
prayer with the Chaplain before their execution.
Only a few minutes' walk of the prison, in that
direction to which the faces of the unhappy couple
will be turned, and no doubt within sight of the
gallows, is Minver-place, the scene of the dreadful
tragedy for which they are about to pay the penalty
of their lives.
Nearly along the whole front of the gaol is a row
of small houses, called Winter 'Terrace, each having
about 40 feet of garden in front, and therefore afford-
ing a most unlimited amount of space for the erection
of seats for spectators. It is but justice to state,
however, that of these gardens only two
at the west end had been fitted up for the occasion,
The two houses alluded to were nearly facing the
drop, and the seats for the accommodation of visitors
were fitted up in a kind of amphitheatre style, one
being erected above another; and no doubt the pro-
prietors of them reaped the highest sum of any on the
occasion. The Masons'Arms, to the west of the terrace,
was filled from top to bottom, and the extensive pre-
mises behind running down the corner of Swan-
street had been fitted up .with awnings. The win-
dows of the houses between it and the top of the lane
had all been taken out, and were filled with
spectators, and some had ensconced themselves on
the pointed roofs, and very chimney-pots. On
most of the houses placards were fixed intimating
that goods were to be let.
Thousands of peOple had assembled at an early
hour last night, and they kept gradually increasing
in numbers until daybreak this morning, when all
approaches to the place of execution were
completely blocked up. Better order was
preserved than could have been expected, owing to
the most indefatigable efforts of the police, who mus-
tered in great force. The crushing and swaying to
and fro of the crowd was terific, as every now and
then the police had to renew their efforts to keep
clear the space immediately in front of the
scaffold and to prevent the approach of the gradu-
ally thickening mob to the baricades which
had been placed across the entrances of
the different streets. Here were stationed
policemen mounted on horseback, and the kicking
and plunging of the animals they rode were not suffi-
cient to keep back the crowd. Many who had strength
enough to keep their feet, and bear up against the con-
stant pressure and pushing and kicking which they were
subject to throughout the night, were at break
of day so exhausted as to be compelled to quit their
positions, and give them up to those who had more
recently arrived. Towards eight o'clock the excite-
ment of the crowd reached its highest point.
THE GALLOWS.
The machine of death was erected immediately
over the porch of the prison. It was firm and sub-
stantially constructed, but it lacked the black cloth
covering that is usually placed over the trap and
planks of the drop of the Old Bailey. Of course it
was the grand point at which all eyes were
directed for hours before the fatal period of execution.
The area in front and all the adjacent outlets were
thronged almost to suffocation, but the precaution of
erecting stout barriers had been adopted to break the
waves of the multitude. These barriers were guarded
by strong bodies of police, whose conduct was beyond
all praise. They resorted to nothing in the shape of
of violence to preserve order, using their tongues
rather than their truncheons, and it is gratifying to
know that this new policy of the po-
lice authorities has proved, in this instance
at least, highly successful. Let merit be awarded
then where merit is due, and, acting upon that trite
but excellent maxim, we take leave to award our
meed of praise to the police authorities for the tact,
foresight, and humanity they displayed in the regu-
lations observed at this painful but necessary exhibition.
Little can be said of the form, shape, and appearance
of the gallows itself, further than in point of strength
and position it was well adapted for its fatal pur-
pose. It occupied nearly the whole of the roof
of the entrance-gate to the prison, and from
the north it could be viewed with great
distinctness. A number of chimnies built in stacks
are to be seen at the back and sides of the roof, but
with the exception of those at the back they did not
seem to be in use. Strange to say one of
those caught fire some half hour before the
execution, and for a time the gallows was com-
pletely enveloped in smoke. Soon after this occur-
rence Calcraft and some of the gaol officials were ob-
served to ascend the scaffold, and inspect with it mi-
nuteness and attention
TIIE POPULACE.
Of all the multitudes it has been our
lot to witness and examine at a scene
like this, the most orderly and best behaved was that
which had concentrated itself immediately in front
and around the place of execution. Go where you
would, little of that low ribaldry and brutal conversa-
tion which generally characterises such assemblies was

ever,

to be heard. It proved beyond all doubt or question that
the admonitions of the press upon this subject have
not been thrown away, and the tone and feeling that

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
FRACAS BETWEEN THE SHREWSBURY AND
CHESTER AND THE BIRKENHEAD RAIL•
WAY COMPANIES.
A dispute, which has occasioned considerable
interest in railway circles, has just occurred between
the two companies above-mentioned. In order to
understand what follows, it will be necessary to ex-
plain how it originated. It appears that the Shrews-
bury and Birmingham line is to open this day
(Monday), from whence the Shrewsbury and
Chester Company always contemplated receiving
some portion of the traffic between Liverpool and
Birmingham, as the distance between these
two towns is the same by the route of the
London and North-Western and that via
Birkenhead, Chester, and Shrewsbury. The latter
route having the disadvantage of crossing the Mer-
sey, it is proposed by the Shrewsbury companies to
make a reduction of charge in order to place the two
routes on an equal footing, and for this purpose a
mileage rate for the three companies interested in the
Shrewsbury and Birmingham route should be agreed
upon. This arrangement the Birkenhead Com-
pany declined to accede to, and it was therefore
resolved by the other two companies competing
for the passenger traffic with the London and
North- Western to establish omnibuses from
Chester to Birkenhead, at a less charge than the
railway fare, so as to accommodate passengers who
preferred a saving of money to a saving of time.
These omnibuses have now continued to run from
Chester to Birkenhead for several days, no doubt
considerably diminishing thereby the amount of pas-
senger traffic on the Birkenhead line. The contract
for the omnibuses is taken by Mr. Smith, an extensive
omnibus proprietor in Chester, and it has been the
practice of his drivers to take the omnibus direct to
the booking offices at the Chester general station, and
thence to carry such passengers from Shrewsbury
and elsewhere as preferred omnibus to railway
accommodation.
On Thursday last an intimation was given by the
manager at the station to the driver of one of the om-
nibuses, that he would not permit him again to enter
the station premises, for the purpose of decoying
passengers from using the Birkenhead line. No at-
tention, however, was paid to the prohibition, and in
the afternoon the driver attended with his omnibus as
usual, upon which the station-manager called in a
policeman and gave him into custody. Immediately
after the driver was conveyed to the lock-up a train,
filled with " navvies," armed with clubs, was driven
into the station, prepared for any work that might
have been apportioned to them. As the prisoner,
however, had been removed, no disturbance took
place.
On the following day (Friday) the driver was
brought up at the Chester Police Court, charged by
Mr. Jong, the station-manager, with wilfully im-
peding and obstructing the business of the station.
Mr. C. W. Potts appeared for the complainant, and
Mr. Kelsall, the law clerk of the Shrewsbury and
Chester Railway Company, for the defendant. It
appeared from the statement of Mr. Potts that the
station was built at the joint expense of the
London and North- Western, the Shrewsbury
and Chester, the Chester and Holyhead,
and the Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire
Junction Railway Companies ; that its regu-
lation was cou.mitted to a committee consisting of
two directors from each of the railway boards, who
had appointed Mr. Jones as a general manager. By
the regulations of the committee parties were ex-
cluded from plying from the station with omnibuses
in the direction taken by the converging railways.
Mr. Potts, therefore, contended that Mr. Jones was
justified in ordering the driver off the station, and
that the latter, by refusing to go, had impeded and
obstructed the business of the station, and rendered him-
self liable to a penalty not exceeding 51., and in default
two months' imprisonment under the Act 4th and sth
Vic., chap. 97, sec. 16, commonly known as Lord Sey-
mour's Act.
Mr. KELSALL argued that the omnibuses really
belonged to the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway
Company during the continuance of the contract with
Mr. Smith ; that the Shrewsbury and Chester Com-
pany were part owners of the station, and as such had
a right to authorise, and did authorise the defendant
to enter upon and use the premises, and that Mr.
Jones had never consulted the station committee
before he ordered the defendant to be taken into
custody. He stated these facts for the information of
the magistrates, but denied at the same time their
jurisdiction in the matter, as the question of right
must necessarily be tried elsewhere.
The Court consulted for a short time, and
Mr. Porrs, the presiding magistrate, then gave its
decision, to the effect that no " wilful impeding or
obstructing" had been proved ; that the defendant
believed that he had a right to act as he had done,
in consequence of his instructions from the Shrews'
bury and Chester Company; and that they roust
therefore decline to adjudicate, and leave the parties
to seek a remedy in the superior courts.
The dispute between the railway companies seems
likely to furnish some employment to the gentlemen
of the long robe ; in fact, we understand proceedings
have actually already been commenced.

prevailed this morning amongst that immense and
heterogeneous multitude must afford much pleasure
to the philanthropist, as it clearly establishes an im-
provement in the spirit of the age.
THE EXECUTION.

A few minutes before the clock struck nine, the
bell of the prisoner chapel was heard to give forth
the fatal toll, and those who had collected
in the vicinity of the scaffold were observed
to uncover, which was taken up by the populace
below as signal to do the same, and to call
for silence. Immediately the roar of voices
which had previously prevailed became hushed
and still, and when the mournful cavalcade
to emerge, as it were, from ;the roof, and ascend
the steps of the scaffold. Calcraft went first, then
came the Chaplain, followed by the wretched man
Manning, who ascended the stairs with a firm step, but
appeared pale and emaciated, arid seemed to be cry-
ing. He was dressed in deep black, with a long
frock coat. The rope having been adjusted, and the
cap drawn over his face, the female partner
in his crime was brought first, and, like
himself, walked with a firm step. She
was attired in a black sattin dress, tightly bound
round the waist with a long white collar, fas-
tened round her neck. On advancing upon
the drop she observed her husband, doubt-
less for the first time since her trial, and as
acting upon the impulse of the moment she seized
his right hand and shook it for several minutes.
During this time the chaplain and another
person who was on the drop held an
earnest conversation with them, after which the
undersherirT advanced to the front of the roof, and
said something which did not, however, reach our
ears. The hangman then hurriedly com-
pleted his deadly preparations, and having a
suddenly disappeared, in the next instant the slam of
the drop was heard, and the dread sentence of the
law had been accomplished. Manning gave a few
convulsive jerks, and all was over, but his wife hail a
long struggle with death, and it was some moments
before the immortal spirit had quitted her body for

DRAINAGE OF TIDAL TOWNS,
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sia,—An original suggestion for the drainage of
London has been just made by Mr. Goldsworthy
Gurney, proposing to take advantage of the tide of
the Thames, running down seven hours, and only up
five. The paper containing this suggestion has been
put into my hands to examine into the correctness of
certain data and calculations necessarily connected
with its practical application. I have maturely con-
sidered the subject, and have been forcibly struck
with its originality ; and at this moment, when our
attention is so closely drawn to sanitary considerations,
deem it important to be put before the public. I
have obtained permission to do so; and if you think
so with me it is very much at your service. He says
—" The current of the Thames, in round numbers,
at London- bridge, runs down seven hours and up
five every tide—in winter more, in summer less—
depending on the amount of rain-water. It runs
at a rate of almost from five to seven miles per
hour—no matter the exact rate, if we suppose
that it ebbs and flows at the same ; it will be plain
that anything thrown into, and forming part of the
Thames at high water, would, in seven hours, be
carried by the stream more than forty miles down the
river, never to return. In order to snake this more
clear, let us suppose a portion of the sewage (or what
is better, a sea-log) to be thrown into the Thames,
and to become part of the current, precisely at the
turn of tide at high water, at London-bridge ; in
seven hours, taking six miles per honr as the mean
run of current, it would be carried forty-two miles
down the river. On the return of the tide, even sup-
posing it to run up at the same rate, in five hours it
will only have come up thirty miles ; and at the time
of the next high water, at the turn of the tide, it
would be full twelve miles below the bridge. It
would now run down again for seven hours, and be
carried 412 miles further, or 54 miles below London-
bridge. On the turn of the next tide it would
be left 24 miles down the river, and so on, de-
scending 24 miles in 24 hours until it went
clear into the sea. If our numbers are correct—
they are not far from the truth—it is self-evident
that if the sewage of London was collected and
allowed only to run into the Thames at high water,
like the sea-log above stated, it would at low water
be forty-two miles down the river, never to return ;
for five hours' flow would only bring it within twelve
miles of the place from whence it started." He goes
on to show that under such conditions the water of
the Thames above London-bridge would be always
pure ; that no pollution could affect it, and that the
river below the bridge, instead of being, as now,
constantly filled with filth, would only be fouled during
the short period of the opening of the sluices—about
an hour a day. His views are self-evidently true in
principle ; he follows them up by a detail of arrange-
ments to suit the conditions in practice, which need
not be stated here; but at the end of the paper appears
the following anecdote, which so clearly shows the
principle, and is so naturally put, that I cannot help
giving it as it originally stands. He says :—" When I
was a boy, I was much amused to observoa dead pig to
flow up and down a tidal river, every day; as regularly
as the day came my friend the pig came also ; he grew
bigger and bigger, and shortened his visit about a
mite a day, until at last he went to sea, and, poor
fellow, I never saw him more. He made me a phi-
losopher. What could make a dead pig grow bigger ?
If he bad been a living one the question never would
have arisen—or why did he choose to shorten his
visits so regularly a mile a day ?"
Now it is evident, carrying out this anecdote in
connexion with our subject, that if a " dead pig "
were thrown over Waterloo-bridge at low water, he
would go up with the tide for five hours, and he would
in five hours more return, making ten hours. He
would now only have two hours' ebb before he would
meet the tide coming up ; consequently he would
return again with it, and go up the river ; he might
be seen every day for a week : but if he were thrown
over at high water, he would float down for seven
hours, and up only for five, consequently he never
would be seen again within twelve miles of the bridge.
The calculations of under-current, the fact of its
being twelve and a half hours between tide and tide,
difference in rate, &c., are all in favour of the prac-
ticability of its being carried out.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
King's College, Nov. 10. JAMES HANN.

BIRMINGHAM AND OXFORD.
It is rumoured in certain quarters that negotiy
tions are pending between the London and North-
Western and Great Western directors for the sale 01
the Birmingham and Oxford Railway to the forma
company, who, it is said, are likely to obtain posses:
sioa of it. We believe we are correct in stating tblo
negOtiations have been carried on for such a purpose,
but that they have had an unsatisfactory terminationi
One of the eonditions of the negotiations was, th,tla
the London- and North-Western Company shoo'
advance 1,500,0001. on account of the purchase;
There were other conditions respecting the limits °`
the bread and narrow gauges. We can, however,
_state that negotiations are being carried on between.
the two companies in the most friendly spirit Of
working the traffic of the Birmingham and Oxforoj
Birmingham, Dudley, and Wolverhampton, o°,
some other connecting lines, with the greatest P°s
sible economy.

CALEDONIAN.
We mentioned a few days since that the direct°r!
of the Caledonian Railway had applied to the Lond'f,
and North-Western Company for pecuniary assi!"o
twee: On Saturday the application—viz , for L
advance of some 200,000/. or 300,0001. upon t,.;
rolling stock of the Caledonian Railway—was brougs'
under dsscussion at the monthly meeting of the L°n,
don and North-Western board, and, after a ver,:',3
animated debate, it was resolved not to advance t`'
sum required.
NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE. re
Some serious differences have arisen between -0
directors of the North Staffordshire and the direct° ,
of the London and North-Western Railways rat
specting the agreement entered into in 1845—.3,13:0
is, previous to the amalgamation 'of the old Lon 003
and Birmingham and Grand Junction—for taking t
Manchester traffic over a portion of the North stall
fordshire line. To carry out the agreement 1011 ho
necessarily injure the amalgamated companies, /10,
are now called upon to fulfil the terms of the sigt_nr 0
ment. Their objection to do so arises, it seems.l.pyith
the fact that a canal in connexion with the Mino
Staffordshire Company is competing with the Lon .;,,a
and North-Western for the goods' traffic. It is stile
that the latter company require this competition t°,;,ti
put an snd to before they bill consent to nee"-
upon the basis of the agreement of 1845.
SOUTH YORKSHIRE, DONCASTER, AND
GOOLE.
The portion of this line extending about nit°ooo
miles in length, from Doncaster to the Swin_Aa
station, on the Midland Railway, was opened for UV;
on Saturday. Four trains now run daily each 0.1
between Doncaster and Sheffield.

THE BINGLEY RAILWAY STATION.—The North
Midland Railway directors have provided for the town of
Bingley, which contains 7,000 inhabitants, a wooden
station of the most wretched and disgraceful description.
It consists of a clerk's room, about three yards square,
at one end, a small open shed in the middle, and at the
other end a room similar to the clerk's, dignified with
the name of the " Ladies' waiting-room." During wet
weather the clerks transact business with an umbrella
over their heads, to protect themselves from the rain
dropping through the roof. In the open shed are
huddled together, first, second, and third class male and
female passengers, sometimes for nearly an hour, ex-
posed to all kinds of weather, as the trains are fre-
quently this period behind time. The' ladies' waiting-
room" is avoided from the dread of cholera, for the
stench arising from the conveniences, only separated by
thin boards, is dreadful. It is expected that the Im-
provement Commissioners intend to indict the station as
a nuisance, and that the inhabitants will take steps to
compel the directors to provide them with proper and
civilized aceommodation.—Leeds Intelligencer.
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—The following
gentlemen, having undergone the necessary examina-
tions for the diploma, were admitted members of the
college, at the meeting of the court of examiners on the
9th inst.:—Messrs. Alexander Williams, Army; Ralph
Holt Kaye, Ratcliffe-bridge, Lancashire; John Robin-
son, Medhurst, Sussex; James Howell, St. Clere, Car-
marthenshire; Henry Nuttall, Syston, Leicestershire;
Thomas John Warburton, Betley, Staffordshire; George
Peat Dunn, Ledbury, Herefordshire; Walter Hook
Bolton, Carriekraines county Dublin; George Fowler,
Bodington, South Colfield, Warwickshire; and William
Brett, Stratford-on-Avon. At the same meeting of the
court, Mr. William Newman Brake passed his examina-
tion for naval surgeon. This gentleman had previously
been admitted a member of the college, his diploma
bearing date May 16, 1844.
CALEDONIAN AND EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW
RAILWAYS .—Various conferences have been held
between a deputation of the Edinburgh and Glasgow
directors, and the Committee of Investigation lately
appointed by the shareholders of the Caledonian Railway,
with a view to the amalgamation of these companies.
The result is, that the above parties have agreed
that an amalgamation, in fair terms, would
be mutually beneficial. In the meantime, and to keep
matters open, it has been agreed to give the necessary
Parliamentary notices for a Bill to sanction the amalga-
mation. But of course when the terms of the amalga-
mation are further matured, the shareholders of both
companies must be respectively convened to give their
opinion on the expediency of this amalgamation, which
we need not say, if eventually:carried out, of which there
is a strong probability, will be an important era in our
Scottish Railway annals.—Caledonian Mercury.
James Matheson, Esq., M.P. for Ross and Cro-
marl, along with his brother, Colonel Matheson, UP.,
arrived in Edinburgh on Tuesday from Lewis, on their
way to visit Sir J. Hall Douglass, Cockhurns-path, and
thereafter will proceed to London.
The registration of Essex county electors, just
completed, gives 5,652 voters to the northern, and 5,514
to the southern division; being, as compared with the
previous year, a decrease of 12 in the former, and an
increase of 10 in the latter.

ABERDEEN. dee
The directors of this company have given 11°'itie
of their intention to apply to Parliament in „-1;
ensuing session for power to increase the ettli';`,,o
to make alterations in the authorised line' and statlict
in the vicinity of Aberdeen ; to repeal the;;ot
amalgamating the Aberdeen,Companywith the ("roe
North of Scotland Company ; to authorise,„ro
directors to guarantee interest on the new P:ifig
which may be created by the company for P.inv
off any mortgagees or bonds, and to guarantee 4
terest on any stock into which any new 11)00 P'to
be censolidated. It is intended to apply for einot,t
to raise additional capital to the amount of 1.500:„0;
but it is expected that 120,0001. will be suffici"
to provide the necessary stock for working the liv".

HEALTH of the QUEEN DOWAGt

(From the Court Circular.)
"The Priory, Nov. 11, Evenitig;tlt
"The
Queen Dowager passed a languid &Pe
her Majesty's cough has been much lesstroubles°-
" DAVID DAVIES, M.D. f)
" RICHARD BRIGHT, :14'""
1 teP
LEAMINGTON SPA, Nov. 12.—Among the„,;6oll
arrivals at the Spa are the following : —Lord LI: se
Hamilton, Lord Clifton, Lord Waterpark, Coullf"nuio
Countess Rossi, Hon. Captain and Lab' )100
Ramsay, Hon. J. B. Kinsey, Sir S. M. Colville, poll
Mrs. Denman, Hon. George Talbot, General v,,eh" too'
Lady Louisa and Lady M. Cathcart, Hon. S.
Mr. and Lady B. Browne, Mr. David and Lacll"-egt*
Rev. Sir Henry D. Broughton, Mr. Carnegie•.,ooo
J
Hamilton, Mr. and Mrs. Adams, Dr. and Dirs. e,,rbope
Mr. and Mrs. Whitbread, Colonel Spencer Stt" 14tr,0
Hon. Mrs. Macdonald and family, Captain 110,„', y •r).
Corbett, Captain Cooke, Captain E. H. Parry,
Edwards, &c.
The mercantile advices from Vienna of the tyo
inst. mention that the new loan was still decliniog'ce
of
last quotation being 2 discount. A further acivnrlai
I per cent. had taken place in the prewium °llr eel*
wuich was now 12i ; while on silver it was 71 Pe rsica'
In the rate of exchange on.tondon there Was no Ptt'
lar alteration. -