The Sun.
London, England, 1822-03-07 00:00:00

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NAVY PAY OFFICE, December 42, Is2l.
D. 3469.
ANDREW DANIELS, of his Majesty's Ship.
AFItICAINE, &c. A Creditor having applied for Pay.
went of a Debt due from the above-named Seaman, amount-
ing to Lis 9 Gd,
Notice is hereby given to the next of Kin or Executor,
who may apply (if distant, by Post) to the Inspector of Sea-
men's Wills and Powers, for further information, stating the
above Number, D. 3469,

LITERARY NOTICE.

NAVY PAY OFFICE, December 9.1, 1821.
R. 3319. •

RICHARD ROBINSON, of his Majesty's
Ship CONFIANCE. A Creditor having applied fur
Payment of a Debt due from the above-named Seaman,
Notice is liereby given to the next of Kin or Executor,
who may apply (if distant, by Post) to the Inspector of Sea-
men's IVills and Powers, for further information, stating
the above Number.

NAVY PAY OFFICE, December 18, 1821.
-S. 543,1.
GEORGE SHOTTON, of his Majesty's
Ship TARTAR. A Creditor baring applied for Pay-
ment of a Debi due from the abore-named Seaman,
Notice is hereby given to the nest of Ki❑ or Executor,
who mar apply (if distant, by Post) to the Inspector of Sea-
men's Wills and Powers, fur further information, stating the
above Number.

HERALDRY.

FOR THE SUN.

MR. EDlTOR—Perhaps I am too far trespassing
on your goodness in requesting another hearing,
as the controversy between Y.Y. and myself
seems completely at rest. The reasons which
induced me to believe that, until after the pub.
lication of my first letter, Y.Y. had never looked
into the elements of heraldry, have been left un-
answered ; and the 66 authentic" blazons which
I cited, and which certainly affect the question
vitally, have been left uncontroverted.
There are, however, sone assumptions and as-
sertions in your correspondent's letter which I
wish to notice in as few words as possible. And
I must beg of your compositor to set those few
words accurately, inasmuch as we have to deal
with a " word catcher, who" (not only) " lives on
syllables," but whose undiscriminating voracity
sometimes falls foul of letters, and even of marks.
It is, however, some consolation to observe that
the abominations which have horrified this" awful
Aristarch" have (as he must perceive by My letter
published with his) been merely typographical ;
except one, indeed, which (somewhat oddly for
a man of letters) he terms " HELEN ISTICAL."
The joke about " Cambridge House," though,
doubtless, admirably facetious, is, as Y.Y. must
have already perceived, destitute of an important
point--foundation.

CHAP

To come to the letter.—A matter of fact is
stated, which militates against Y.Y.'s hypothesis.
Arguments are adduced in support of the fact.—
These my adversary does not confute, or attempt
to confute; but triumphantly turns on me, and
asks me to explain the principles of the fact.—
This is so unfair a method of arguing, that,
although I have some conjectures on the subject,
I do not think myself called upon to state them:
it being Y.Y.'s duty to disprove the effect, not
mine to investigate the cause. I thought, how-
ever, that Y.Y. had at least read enough of
heraldry, since he saw my first letter, to enable
him to discover that I was not treating " a new
point."

Y.Y. has fallen into an error in confounding
the sable with the Muslela. This latter word
can never be applied to the sable, except gene-
rically; and certainly was never applied to it by
the ancients. BUFFON doubts whether the sable
was known to the ancients, but thinks that it
may be recognized in the o-a9s;cov of ARISTOTLE.
It is obvious that, had the sable been the same
with the mustela, the learned naturalist could
never have doubted whether an animal was
known to the ancients, mention of which occurs
in almost every Latin author.
Again the same naturalist states (and it is only
what Y.Y. may learn from any furrier) that the
black sable is the most valuable. It is evident
then that, if this fur were admitted into armorial
bearings, that kind of it would be selected which
‘%ns most in request. But the argument which
Y.Y. has made use of (if it be any) turns against
himself, for it happens that the three colours
which he attributes to the fur of the sable, arc
actually to be found in the sabulum, from which
he, I suppose, would derive the name of the
tincture, as GUILLIM has done. The following
are the words of PLIN Y fist. Lib. xvii.
cap. iv.) " Sabulum ALBUM in Ticinensi, mul-
tisque iu locis NICRUM, itemque ItUBRLM etiam
pinguiterra permixtum."

Y. Y. has misunderstood me about the technical
use of the word colour ; had I called argent (or
sable, on my hypothesis) a colour, I certainly
should have been misemploying a technical term;
but in applying this word to white and black, it
is evident that I use it in its ordinary sense, be-
cause the names of white and black are unknown
to heraldry. Ido not describe them therefore
" as colours where they are only seen as furs."
I am sorry, Sir, that I should have occupied so
much of your valuable columns with refuting such
assertions, and rectifying such blunderinc, mis-
conceptions as those of your correspondenCY. Y.
To atone for this conduct, I intend to say no
more on the subject, as lam very well con-
tented to let the public (if they care about the
matter) judge from what I have already said,
which of our " conclusions" is chargeable with
lameness and impotency. Perhaps Y.Y. now
that he found out that I actually am not Baron
BERGAMI, will not think his dignity compro-
mised by asserting the woman's prerogative—the
last word. In this he shall receive no molesta-
tion 'from

Your obliged servant,
Cambridge, March 4. TALTHYBIUS.

THURSDAY, MARCH 7, 18211

PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS 'on MR. RICARDO'S
PRINCIPLES of POLITICAL ECONOMY emd TAXA-
TION. By JOHN STUCKEY REYNOLDS, Esq.
As the author of this pamphlet is said to hold
a respectable situation at the Treasury, it may
fairly be inferred that if it be not actually pub-
lished under the sanction of Government, he
at least derives his materials from official autho-
rity. We shall not at present enter into a de-
tailed examination of the reasoning, but simply
state the general purposes. The topics are inte-
resting and important. The author commences
With an inquiry into the validity of Mr. lticArtno's
opinion, "-that a rise in_rwages does not in-
crease the price of commodities," and his
opinion " as to the manner in which a rise of
wages affects the profits of"fixed capital." On
the first point the author observes-,-
"It would not be difficult to trace Mr. Ricardo's theory to
consequences inconsistent with the goodness of Providence,
'and to the scheme of Divine government. Surely, however,
Mr. Ricardo, on further consideration, will admit, that a cir-

culation of gold never can have more Oran a temporary in-
fluence on natural value;' and that whatever commodity is
raised in natural value in any given country, whether by tax-
ation, or other curse, above the natural value of the same
commodity in other nations, will immediately cease to be-
come an object of export, and cannot again be made so by
any unforced distribution of the Freeious metals."
On profits, Mr. It ryNoLns enters into a greater
latitude ; and, if his views are correct, they will
be found.of vast importance in the science of Po-
litical Economy :
" In all discussions on political economy, it is most impor-
tant to distingeish profits from accumulations; it is admitted
at once, that when recourse is had to worse soils, the nation
will not have equal means to accumulate from those soils;
but this does not appear to me necessarily to affect profits.'
" A ma❑ loses, when he cannot obtain for an article IM nu -
fa ct tired, the value, or accumulated labour, contained in the
corn and other necessaries consumed by him ; he is even when
he gets the exact value; be makes a profit when Ire gets more.
" An individual may make large profits, or, in other words,
get. a large quantity of the annual productions or accumula-
ted labour of the country into his hands, yet by a still larger
expenditure become poor. The individuals of a nation may
do the same, or so ninch may Ire taken from them in the shape
of taxes arid loans, to maintain persons in idleness, that the
national accumulations may be diminished rather than in-
creased.
" Corn is grown in one county, and the grower remunera-
ted by obtaining for it Gs. per bushel; it is carried to an ad-
joining county at an expence of ed. per bushel, and sold fur
85. per bash°, ; a profit is thus made of Is. Gil. per bushel,—
in other words, a transfer is made from the accumulated la-
bour of the individual purchasing the corn, to a middle man.
It will not, bowever, be argued 'that the national wealth is
increased to that extent ; the same mass of commodities (so
often defined to be national wealth) will exist as previous to
the transfer,—the value in use only is increased."
" What are called profits,' do not therefore in any coon-
try depend on the annual productions or revenue of the year,
—they may, nay must, frequently be paid from labour already.
accumulated.'•
We have not room at present for further ex-
tracts, but we shall take an early opportunity of
recurring to this work, as it appears to come from
an official quarter, as it is totally devoid of the
spirit of party, and is obviously creditable to the
talents, knowledge, and candour of the writer.