The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-31 00:00:00

As' •he maintainatl4i7nrne,other agitators for recites he ee`a
, corn-lea an lataeasesainteiaing, that it eveol!
wages. 4 0 then, if it will lower wagen" s:id itaVvot lc-
ing people, " God .forbid there should be a repglleef the
corn-laws." "But it. will eheepen bread," tejnined the 's-
-aginttdr, " and that will more than compensate-dor any
reduction in your wages." "We are not so site Sabout
that," was the reply, and it was a curious factnothing.
more was said on the idea of lowering wages, and from
g
that time forth they held no public meetin except b
ticket, because the working people would have come iny -
and overwhelmed them. That was the fact.—(Cheers.)
He mentioned this to show how the wisest of men were
very wrong when they came to speculate on futurity.
God knows we acre poor limited beings, not always
seeing what was around and about us, and never at all
what will be in the future. But it always was the
opinion maintained by those with whom he associated
cn this subject—it was the most important lesson that
could he drawn from the result of that contreversy,
end whatever easpened to press on the farmer, it was
the more important lesion for Mtn to learn—it
became deathly slid trebly imps rant that he should
move all his p erers, an i pot all leis energiv s is fierce and
action for the purpeee of increases g the produce of Ids
laed and dineuishieg the expense of Isis cultivation.—
(Cheers.) That tees the greeted on which they ina.slit
Sill meet, a hatever their opieisma on local peatees or
general pitta's might be. Ills friend the High Shelia',
fleeing paused some time in the East, had imported au
eripetel erlogue, tor which he did not believe, there was
the slightest tome:alien in fact.— (A laugh.) Ire that
excellent Arabian iVisehts' tale he ;nave them an account
of a fight between a bloc bsar and a yellow boar, and Ira
the time might come when, as the ereechere of peace and
arbitration promised. " the lion should lie down with the
lamb"—although that was lien Lkely soon to happen—
he did not know what progress lied b'en made in Africa
towards taming the la'n, by paring his claws. and meek-
hie him submit with sci-uore in hand; but long before
that the blue and the }el ow boar were certainly at peace
with each weer on the pre:eut occasion.—(Cheers, and
a laugh.) If they would allow him to make a somewhat
scholastic allegory on the subject, he ould say that, as
the opticians told them that the mixture of the two
colours, yellow and blue, made green, so did their mix-
ture here naturally tend towards the object of their pre-
sent meeting—the improvement of the green earth.—
(Cheers) He must then be permitted to say, that
this improvement, which was every man's interest—the
intt-rest of the lendlerd, of the tenant farmer, of his
workmen, or all the people whether connected with land
or net, as consumers, ought to be strenuously, actively,
anel mire wittingly pursued. Ilis Noble Friend had justly
sdverted to the great importance of draining. It did not
require a man to know much of fartnieg to appreciate
the importance of that rustier. For himself, he hardly
knew more than the difference between an ox and a
sheep—(A laugh)—he scarcely went further in his
knowledge of stock than that. H., might be able tee dis-
criminate barley from wheat. With barley and rye he
might, perhaps, tie taken in.—(A laugh )In short, he
knew almost as little as the Legislature on the subject.—
(A laugh.) It was utterly impossible to know less.—(A
laugh ) For instanc!, they passed a measure—a most
important measure, for it was a model Act—the Muni-
cipal Clauses Act., impesing various penalties for over-
driving cattle. They d.d not know an ox or cow to be
cattle; and, in the interpretation clause, which had been
very carefully framed, they said—putting forth, no doubt,
all the knowledge they possessed—" cattle shall be taken
to mean horses"—not very likely to be overdriven ;
" goats"—not very likely to be overdriven; " mules"
—hardly ever seen—(A laugh)—" swine"—not to be
driven.—(Laughter.) They might as well talk of
driving the Legislature, the 'seedy way of driving them
was to pull them back,—(Laughter continued.) Ilow-
e ver, the Legislature left out oxen and cows
as if they were not " cattle," and very likely to be aver-
driven.—(A laugh ) He knew almost as little as the
Legislature; but, without knowing much more, he could
easily tell that as long as the earth was a sponge of
water, as in many parts of the country—some, not far
off he was sorry to say it—still remained, it was utterly
useless in ploughing and putting in manure. He had
actually seen people throwing lime into wet ground
making lime water, very good for a-burn, but of no use
to make the ground dry. His Noble Friend near him
had taken the judicious course—deep draining.
(Cheers.) He had drained to an enormous extent; and
be would go on draining until he made his land doubly
valuable. From many practical agriculturists he knew
that the effect of deep draining had been to double the
value of the land.—(Cheers.) After they had drained
it was of the greatest importance no doubt to attend
to manure; and a friend of his who had attended very
much to that subject produced a most valuable inven-
tion which had been patented in France, and would
have been patented in this country but for his death.
It would have been a very great accession to the
powers of manure both in respect of cheapness and
e ilicacy. But a very great step had been made
lately, and approved of by all farmers, not merely specu-
lative but practical, with whom he had the opportunity
of cons ersing. He alluded to the effect of liquid manure.
This he knew, that Lord Fortescue, himselt a very ex-
cellent farmer, stated lately at, a meeting of a sanitary
association that manure in a state of liquidity, itepreg-
mated with offal, applied to the eoil—when the experi-
ment was tried on a moderate scale, raised the value of
the land from 7a to 165,, and when tried on a most ex-
tensive scale, the value was increased by the I:quid flow
in the proportion of 71. to liBi.—(Cheers.) Lerd Fer-
tescue gave the details of these experiments, and he hoped
they weuld be printed and cireuldted. The operation
required no apparatus—no expense of outlay. It only
required that sufficient water shau be applied to the
manure—that there should be no sort of hydrophobia.
no fear by diluting of destroyirg its fort (Cheery.)
The amount of waver was meest me( rink to the success
of the a; plication. Celore sitting down ho wished to
allude to anethe r matter, which he thought very ma-
terial—relating t machinery. He had been very much
delighted to see so good a show of valuable engines, some
of them most ingenious and very reasonable in price, for
churning, leo: ing, threshing, and so forth. A friend of
his, a practical agriculturist, informed him that a very
important step had been taken for the purpose of saving
Ilooar, and thereby economizing the expense of produc-
tion, and object which, with care and judicious mechanical
contrivances, was always in our power, even when we
could not increase the fertility of the soil.—(Cheers.)
Toe most valuable experiments had been made in the
application of steam on a small scale. People were apt
to suppose that steam could only be employed on a
gigantic scale, fur locomotion on railways, or in great
manufacturies: of various kinds; and of course, in pro-
portion to the size of the engine was its expense, both in
first cost, and in working it by means of fuel. But in
the town of Glasgow a person had been able to have a
steam-engine not larger than a teakettle—he had seen
such an one himself ; in one instance he had heard of
one fleet larger than a teapot, which was quite capable
of driving a small turning lathe on which a cutler could
work.—(Cheers.) Still it might be said this power
had only been employed in manufactures ; but it might,
with the greatest possible advantage in saving labour,
be introduced into agriculture as well as manufactures.
—(Cheers.) Thrashing machine's, straw•cutting ma-
chines, and various other engines, might be worked most
advantageously by the application of steam; and he had
the most confident, sanguine hope that he should live
to see this new and most valuable extension of the appli-
cation of steam.—(Cheers.) Why not ? His Noble
Friend had asked them to cast their eye back for thirty
years; and most judicious was his reference. Never
had he seen such beautiful cattle, such magnificent horses
and bulls, as he had seen that day—not to mention their
extraordinary exhibition of poultry. Thirty years ago
no man could have contemplated such a thing north of
the Trent. He ventured to say, that as great progress
had been made during the last twenty or thirty years, in
farming and stock, through Cumberland and ‘Vestmore-
land, as in any other part of England.—(Cheers.)
Perhaps one re.-son was, they hai very great occasion
for improvement; fur, certainly, thirty years ago, they
were riot quite in the state they eught to have been.—
(A laugh.) Bur, with reference to steam, it any one,
thirty or forty years ago, had said we should go to Lon-
don and back in twenty-four hours by steam, they would
have been laughed to scorn, as though the thine were
utterly, absolutely, physically impossible. Dr. Darwin,
indeed, by a most wonderful gilt of prophecy, antici-
pat e d the day when he said—
" Soon shall thy powers gigantic steam afar
Push the slow bark, drive the reluctant car."
But ho was supposed to be a visionary. Mr. Canning
noel other wits laughed at hire for his poem; but had Dr.
Darwin lived, he might have laughed at them for the
ridicule cast on him; for now steam was the great loco-
motive power in the universe. It travelled over the sea
and over the land—over the sea in spite of tide, current,
and wind—over the laud almost iu spite of time itself.—
(Cheers.) What reason had they to doubt that the
same wonderful engine which Watt showed applicable
to pump up water from the bowels of the earth, split
rocks in pieces, or manufacture the machinery of a
watch, shall be applied to something between the te
to some of the agricultural works whicn could noowuron y
be executed by dint of well-paid human lab
estion
?
(Cheers.) He could not help thinking
thbeetsteerggsystem
well worth the attention of farmers, that
of keeping their accounts, as tending
wealth in itself,
ato aeconomy above
all, arid to regularity, a great seu,reteed.
—(cheers.) He
aheual be more generally d p
dafarmer, on a considerable
osocale.
hardly ever knew a gresattete
who did not to a cer-
tainscale. or one on a
themoderato
office of his own accountant,
degree p erferr
le Mset of books, as tradesmen were
keeping a regular
o.
(Hear, hear.) was as necea-
accustomt t
farmer, the tnanufacturer of corn, as it
sary fur t
was for the manufacturer of cotton twist or steel blades,
to keep accounts of all the details of his business. Ile
,lever could tell exactly what state he was in—what was
Isis expenditure, what were his gains or losses, without
regular or systematic bookkeeping. He therel ore strongly
recommended his agricultural friends, although they
might not he so well educated as Shoo he now addressed,
and started back from pen and ink, to adopt a good
system of accounts.—(Cheers.) The Noble and Learned
Lord concluded, amidst loud cheers, by giving a Success
to the Cumberland and Weetmorelend Agricultural
Society," which was duty hanaured.
Mr. SENilousE., the Vice-President, proposed "The
health of the Members of the two Counties."
Colonel Lowther, Mr. E. Stanley, the Hon. C. 11.
Howard, Mr. W. Marshall, and Captain Lowther seve-
rally returned thanks.

The awards having been read, and the health of the
judges drur.k,
The Earl of LONSDALE proposed the health of Lord
Brougham. He lelt utterly unable adequately to express
the sense of obligation which he, in common with all
then present, felt to his Noble Friend for having con-
sented to take the chair upon that occasion.—(Cheers.)
They all knew the great variety of his Noble Friend's
attainments, as well as his great iuduitry and quickness
in attaining
knowledge of every kind. His acquire-
meats wen! in truth the surprise and admiration of all
who had watched his career—and who had not?—
(Cheers.) They must all, therefore, feel great satisfac-
tion in knowing that the enlightened mind of his Noble

/-