The Sun.
London, England, 1822-02-16 00:00:00

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sure *as ever regarded as an exception to the rule
and not the rule itself, and he could only propose
to refer to it on the special merits of the case,and
:not on the general principle. He, however, was
not so wedded to general principles, but in certain
'cases where great distress was experienced from
'depression of the markets, and other temporary
causes, he would be content directly to resort to
a loan where it could be immediately applied to
the relief of the sufferers; under adequate secu-
rities for the repayment. Without such securi-
;--,ties he could never sanction the advance of a loan.
He, however, contended that it was quite a dif-
ferent thing to make an advance in this way to
the commercial interest, from dealing with the
agricultural world, combining as it did the in-
terests of cultivators and proprietors. It had
been a consideration with Government whe-
ther relief might be afforded by a loan so ap-
plied as to relieve the farmer from bringing his
stock prematurely to market. This bad been one
of the chief causes of distress : the farmer having
had his rent reduced by his landlord, that the
latter might get something regularly paid, was
compelled to take his stock to market in order
to make up his rent, and to pay the interest on
money borrowed at a time when the market was
kept down by the mass of produce thrown on it
from all quarters. In corroboration of this state-
ment, he could add that the quantity of corn re-
cently brought to the London market had been
double what had ever been brought before. On
due consideration it had not been thought right
to attempt offering that sort of relief to which he
had alluded, but he stated the attention of Go-,
vernment to have been given to it, as he felt that
they would not have done their duty had they
not looked to every expedient that held out a
chance of removing the distress. But acting on,
a more limited view it was thought by Govern-
. ment that considerable advantage might result
from adopting a measure that would diminish the
local pressure under which the agriculturist,
now, in many instances, laboured. Though it
was difficult to deal with landlords, impossible to
deal with tenants in their individual capacities,
yet it might be practicable to advance sums
to parishes on the credit of the parochial rates,
which, advanced to them in their corporate cha-
racters; and used for corporate purposes, might
be the means of affording relief to all classes.—
The Government therefore would ,not object to
-employ a large portion, if not the whole of the
advance to be made, in the way alluded to. His
Right Hon. Friend would, on a future night, sub-
mit a proposition to the House for enabling the
Commissioners of Public Works to apply relief
on amore extensive scale,, by advancing sums to
parishes on the credit of their rates, to be repaid
in four or five years—(Hear, hear !)—not ex-
ceeding the amount of one year's assessment.—
This mode of proceeding would, in his opinion,
afford relief; but he should confess that Ministers
would be happy if Government could see their way
to a more direct mode of assisting the agriculture
of the country. There was only one other
great branch of this subject to which be had to
call the attention of the House; and he should
think the Government would have taken a very
imperfect survey of the state in which the agri-
culturist was placed, if, after the view opened to
them by the Committee who sat last year, they
had not turned their attention to that subject—
he meant the system of protecting duties. He
had fairly stated in the last Session, that though
• he did not oppose the appointmeht Of the Com-
mittee, he could not see his way through it so as
to be enabled to hope that its labours would
prove beneficial to the country. He had feared
the contrary, and was therefore against the in-
quiry, because he thought,it had been called for.
on no solid view of, the question, but on a devia-
tiou from all those principles which it was most
essential to the general interest to maintain, and
likely therefore•but to terminate in delusion. He
was happy to say that the result had not corres-
ponded with the apprehensions which he had en-
teitained. If the Committee had done no other
good, their labours had had the effect Of leading
the public to view this question in its proper
light. A much more correct idea was taken of
it now than formerly. He believed the period
of delusion to be rapidly passing away. A more
sound opinion was formed now than had existed
hit year. Both the great bodies which had sup-
'posed they had separate interests, but which he
had ever considered to have one common inte-
rest, he meant the manufacturing and the agri-
cultural classes, now saw that they had been in
error. It' was at length understood that it was
as little the interest of the agricultural classes
to impose high prices on the manufacturers, as
it wasthe interest of the manufacturing body to
break down the agricultural classes, their best
'customer's in the market, by reducing their
prices lo low that they could not purchase
the produce of manufacturing industry. He
had ever looked on these two great classes
as having but one interest, and the only
difficulty was to make them see the central
points; where the welfare of each became
blended with that of the other. He- thought
it an auspicious circumstance for the coun-
try that the errors which had prevailed on
this subject were no more. Protecting duties,
or the want of them, could have nothing to do
' with the present distress, as the farmers were
protected Trom the importation of foreign corn,
up to 80 shillings, while the market price was
but 50. After the Report which had been laid
on the table—after the suggestions which had
been thrown out, he felt that Government would
blink '
the guestion, and fail in their duty; if
they were not to propose the revival of the Agri-
cultural Committee to the re-consideration) of
their Report. He begged that it might not be
supposed, from what he was. about to say, that
he Was inclined to favour a new Corn Bill. Such
was not his' object, and it would be remem-
bered that he had already argued against the
idea that immediate relief could be afforded.—
Hut after the view of the subject opened to that
House by the Report of the Committee, he wished
the Report to be re-considered for the purpose
of ascertaining whether some modification might
not be suggested that would cure the evils ad-
mitted to belong to the existing law, and to pre-
vent those iniurions consequences, which) though ,

not felt now, might possibly be experienced at
some future period. He was not disposed to
let loose for discussion the abstract principle of
the corn laws, on which he knew there were
such various opinions, some being disposed to
favour a perfectly free trade in corn, while others
claimed for the English farmer a greater mono-
poly than he at present enjoyed. He wished to
look at the present law, and with due regard to
existing interest, to protect the country against
those evils to which it was admitted on all hands
to be exposed. These evils were of such size
and magnitude as to demand the most serious
consideration. At present, if for the shortest
possible period the corn were ever so little above
a certain average, it made all the difference be-
tween perfect monopoly and the `most unqualified
supply of foreign corn, which might be forced
into the country in a way which it was frightful
to contemplate. He put the case that the ave-
rage on the 15th of August should exceed by
the smallest trifle the priCe of eighty shillings
per quarter, the effect of a single penny would
be to open the ports to the corn of the whole
world for the ensuing three months, with the single
qualification, that at the end of six weeks that might
be excluded which came not from beyond the
Oder and Bidassoa. But in the course of that six
months, all the corn in Europe might be ware-
housed, in this country. That only could be ex-
eluded, which, if the parties interested used any
management at all, would be in England in the
first or second week. Admitting, as he did, the
severe distress experienced by the agricultural
classes in thid country, he desired that it might
not be supposed that the people of other countries
were revelling in all the delights of flourishing
agriculture and successful- commerce. We were
suffering but in a small degree compared with
the cultivators of other countries. The cultiva-
tor in America and on the seabdard of the Con-
tinent was worse off, and the distress was still
greater in the interior. He had it on the autho-
rity of one, whose name, if mentioned, would at
once command the attention of the House, that
the distress in the interior of Germany was such,
that in. Silesia many proprietors in the last
year had thought their produce not worth col-
lecting, and the finest crops had been suffered to
rot on the ground. When the whole world was
convulsed, let it not be supposed that we were
the only sufferers, while the situation of so many
others was much worse than our own. To return
to his argument on the importance of supplying
some modifications to the present bill, he would
take the case of the late season. At one period
of it the weather was such, that it was likely
the ports would be opened. Corn had risen
above the average, but the weather having
improved, it rapidly descended. 'When he (the
Marquis of Londonderry) passed through Gran-
tham corn was selling at 100 shillings the quarter.
He would put it to the House, wheat now being
50 shillings the quarter, what might have' been
the situation of the country if the unfavourable
weather had continued.a little longer, so as to
raise the averages to that pfice which would have
. opened the ports for thiee months. In ordinary
times the present law might not be objection-
able, but the present period must. be regarded
as extraordinary. Europe was now in a most
disordered state with respect to its corn trade,
and therefore more than ordinary precautions
became necessary. 'He thought it right to call
the attention of 'the -House to this subject,
though at present, till the subject had been con-
sidered by those intelligent understandings
which had been applied to it before, he should
not open any particular course of measures. He
should rather state what he would not do than
what he would recommend to be done. He
was decidedly against raising the duty on the
importation of corn, but he could wish to
see such an afrangement made as should
admit more gradually a supply of Foreign
corn, so as to supply." the wants of the
country without overwhelming it with agri,
cultural produce. He was especially anxious
to provide a double average, which furnishing an
efficient check to unrestrained importation in the
first six weeks where this was desirable, would
better regulate the supply. With respect to
the warehousing system, he wished it to un-
dergo examination. Though he was convinced
that from this system no fraud 'had arisen,
or at any rate so little, that it could not be
regarded as contributing Materially to 'produce
the existing distress-, yet for other reasons he
was led to believe that the survey was not
made with sufficient exactness and regularity. He
thought it important both for this country and
for foreign countries that every Gazette should
state what was the amount of corn in warehouse,
as well as the quimtities just brought in or carried
out.—(Hear, hear o—Though he was well aware
of the difficulties in the way of applying public
money to encourage the stowing up of foreign
corn, yet growing out of the artificial system of
our corn laws, he thought he saw something like
a necessity for interfering, to prevent, if possible,
the transition from a scanty supply to the op-
posite extreme—a perfect glut. 'lt might on
consideration appear politic to hold out some
encouragement to stowing 'up English corn
when at a very low price ; the encourage-
ment not to be more than equal to the in-
terest of the mone-y that might lie dead for a time.
Were corn thus laid up for a period, he would
propose that th,e owner should be at liberty to
take, it to market when he pleased ; but if he did
this before wheat gained a certain price, the spe-
culation would be his own, and he should re-
ceive nothing from the public. This was an arti-
ficial measure, hut the whole system of our
Corn Laws was artificial, and therefore it might,
not 'be very objectionable on that account. He
begged pardon for thus detaining the House, but
he had felt that he should not do his duty had
he omitted to state his views in proposing to
revive the Agricultural Coinmittee of last year. He
now called upon the House to maintain those prin-
ciples of good faith which no nation had ever de-
viated from without tasting, and that at no distant
period, the bitter fruits of such a want of political
morality. lie felt the cause wag'sacred; add" that,
in defending it, he stood on consecrated ground.
However feeble his- powers might 'be', hoWever
impossible it might be for him to recall the elo-I

quence of that voice which was once raised to
establish that system which. the Hon. and Learn-
ed Gentleman now proposed, to destroy—how-
ever vain the hope that he could carry back the
House to those feelings inspired by the language
of Mr. Pitt, when establishing the Sinking Fund;
he laid the foundations for that prosperity which
the country had subsequently attained, and which
had carried them through the struggle now gone.
by, from which we had emerged with such sur-
passing glory : he was confident that he lived in
a country which admired Mr. Pitt's principles and
venerated his name. Looking 'up to him, they
would not now blast the hope which he had inspired,
and cover themselves with ignominy, by tearing
down the system which that great man had esta-
blished. He (Lord Londonderry) never would
believe that the Commons 'of England would
.act such a part—he never would believe that
they who had gone with Mr. Pitt through the
war—who had so firmly clung to the prin-
ciples which fell from his dying. lips when
speaking of the state of the country he loved,
the country which he had saved—(Hear, hear,
hear !)—he never would believe that the Com-
mons of England, who had remained firm
to his principles and' their duty, notwith-
standing the ' gloomy forebodings of the
Gentlemen opposite, who had contributed all
that was in their power to bring them into
discredit and retard
,their triumph, he never
would believe that they who bad thus persevered
till they had gained all they bad contended for—
the emancipation of Europe, anti chained its
Despot to that rock where he remained till the
day of his death, would now be seduced by the
eloquence of the Honourable and. Learned Gen-
tleman, or by that of those who surrounded him,
though ten times 'greater than it was, to give up
that system, and abdicate those principles which
had carried the country through the late 'tre-
mendous war, with glory never to be surpassed
and never to be tarnished, but by ail act of their
Own, like that which they had lately been
called upon to adopt.—(Loud cheering.)—He
knew-that, however- feebly he expressed himself,
he could conceive what would be the feelings of
the descending spirit of Mr. Pitt, could his atten-
tion again rest on earthly affairs, if be beheld the
British House of Commons engaged in debating
whether or not the Sinking Fund should continue
to exist. In the case supposed,The shade of Mr.
Pitt, anxious still for the welfare of his country,
would experience not dismay, but disgust, at its
being proposed that those who had acted.on his
principles so long, should now be invited to
desert them, now when the difficulties which the
country had to encounter were trilling compared
with those which had been already surmounted.—
(Hear, hear !)—For leis own part, he was well con-
tent to leave this great question to, that to which
be never feared to confide what concerned the
honour and welfare of the country—the wisdom
and justice of Parliament.—(Hear.)---He had no
dread on the subject—he was confident that
those principles would triumph stir[, and that
the House of Commons would add to the glory
which already belonged to their name, that of
consecrating anew those political doctrines which
had saved thenation by sustaining public credit,
and preserving the national faith inviolate, on
which the fame of the British. Empire had been
founded, and on which its greatness must rest to
the latest posterity.—(Loud cheering.)—Now
the Noble Marquis then observed, that he
shottldmove for certain papers and estimates.
On Monday he should move for the renewal
of the Agricultural Committee, and on a future
day his Right Houourablit Friend would bring in
the Bill for a Loan of Exchequer Bills, and when
the Malt Bill came before the House, he would
move to omit certain words, which would have
ithe effeet of taking off the additional duty. He
then moved for a series of documents on the sub-
ject of the Income, Expenditure, and Debt of the
country, to shew the comparative amount of each
in the last two years-

Mr. BROUGHAM.asSured thd House that he had listened
to the able statement of the Noble Lord with 'a degree of at-
tention and anxiety which he conceived to be due to the im-
portance of the question then before them; and so-far his at-
tention was repaid. He had now to congratulate the House ori
the change that had that night taken place in the sentiments of
the Noble Lord, 'and 'the amendment' that appeared -to have
taken place- in his tone and manner, as contrasted with his man-
ner on a former night, when he had treated those subjects
with a levity that astonished many Members of that House.
Such was the change and improvement effected in the Noble
, Lord's mind in the short space of four days, that he seemed to
abandon all the tenets and invidious comparisons , which he
, had thrown out on Monday night, -arid et length condescended
to apply his mind with gravity to . the. great subject then
under consideration.. One, indeed, would now almost sup-
pose that the, Noble Lord had a suspicion that his plan ap-
peared, rather tin a dim light—that, it was surrounded with
difficulty, and had a veil thrown over it which could. not be
easily seen through... For his own-part, he (Mr. Brougham)
_could not, as yet, perceive its distinct features. But so far
as he was able to see it, the plan appeared to be somewhat of
this nature :—first, that, the great power on which the country
~must depend was the.pp,wer of nature; and, in the next place,
that relief was only to be obtained by, trifling reductions. One
part of it was to afford the trivial relief Of taking off a shilling
of the duty of every bushel of malt. The Noble Lord had re-
presented him (Mr. B.) as stating that the greatest misery pre-'
vailed among some classes of people.' What he had alluded, to
was the misery that prevailed among the manufacturers in-the
years 1816 and 1817. A lesser misery now prevailed among
those classes,.and the distress was chiefly confined to the agri-
cultural classes, which was now as great as was that of the ma,
nufeeturers in 1816 and 1817.' He (Mr. B.) had asserted that
there was no increase of consumption ; but the Noble Lord now
stated that, although there had not been an increased consump-
tion Of malt, there was an increase in the consumption of substi-
tutes. And what were those substitutes:? , Did the Noble Lord
mean to say that a substitute had been found in the increased use
Of brickbatS?—(Loud laughter.)—Then soap was said to be a
substitute; bat that was no answer to the complaints of the agri-
culturist.. At last, however, the Noble Lord came to the great
substitute of all, which, was tea. Now this, was the very substi-
tute whiCh he had most to Complain of ; 'for it appeared that in-
stead of the good 'old custom once practiced in England of drink-
ing
the wholesome and nutritive beverage called beer, the peo-
ple were getting into. the practice of using a beverage not near
so wholesome; a beverage which was not aßritishproduct, and
the extended use of which -gave no relief to the British agricultu-
rist, however beneficial it might be to the .agriculturists of China.
-(Loud laughter.)..---With the exception of the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, the East India Company were the only per-
sons in England who . derived.henefit from the increased con-
sumption of tea : for it did_ not cause the cultivation of one
acre of British ground, and therefore it was nothing to the Bri-
tish agriculturist. He (now had a. 'word or two to say on- the
-misconception. which the. Noble Lord apPearal to labour un-
der respecting industry and profits. The Noble Lord had
laid it down as a principle that the whole of the taxes paid by
a farmer amounted. to one-seventh part of' his .rent._ He had
indeed heard of calculators who dealt largely in figures, and.who
were more fanciful in fiction even than poets ; but this calcula-
tion of the Noble Lord Was' more extravagant than any thing
he had,ever heard of before. • Indeed 'nothing could be :more
abstruse than. calculations on taxes ; but the Noble ford, with
his wonted agility, leaped over the difficulties attending this
subject',' and by his' new sYsfetribf vulgar fractiOns, performed a
defeat that covered him- .(Mr. B.) with -admiration. Another
position of the Noble Lord, still more unaccountable, was that

the reduction of taxes could afford no relief to the suffering peo-
ple :—(Hear.)—But he did not say a word of the effect _which
' taxes must have in raising the price of labour, of diminishing
profits, and of increasing the prices to the consumer. Indeed
he called upon the House to look to the powers of resurrection,
(Loud.laug,hter) ; he told them that every thing was in a re-
viving state • and .advanced principles of political economy,
every word of which was a , complete satiee on the country.
The Noble Lord had produced a-certain. system .t, but he (Mr.
B.) had done no such thing : he only called on the House last
Monday night to correct the system that already existed, which
could only be done by diminishing the burdens of the people,
and not by the adoption of a Sinking Funde which could give
no relief whatever ; yet the Noble Lord maintained, that if the
whole mass of taxes were annihilated, the people could not then
obtain that relief which they had a right to look to in the pre-
sent state of their sufferings. The people had .a sight to look
up to their Representatives as the parties who were to relieve
them from all burdens. that were not.necessary for the public
service; and even if distress were altogether removed from_ the
country, he would still say that no unnecessary burden should be
laid on them; that. Government could have no rightto keep up a
single soldier,to keep one man on board aship,or one in any office,
whom the situation of the country did not render neeessary.--;
An appeal was made to the justice of. Parliament to remove those
cruel sufferings which their constituents were enduring—( H ear,
hear !)—He .considered_every thing like a trifling reduction as
an insult to the country—Wear, hear !)-11e looked for a-large
reduction of taxes ; the more they reduced the burdens the more
they would act in the strict line of their duty. The Noble Lord
distiosed one part of his project, which . consisted in making
a saving of two millions, winch was to be added to the Sinking
Fund, so as to' make the whole amount to two millions and a
quarter. This ho did as the proxy of his Friend the Chancel-
lor of the Exchequer. On this point, however, he was again
at issue with the Noble Lord. But he agreed with the Noble
Lord that faith should be kept with the public creditor, and how
had he recommended any thing contrary to that principle ? He
never recommended any thing of the kind ; but they must,
eventually,, go into that course, if they admitted the delusion
of the Noble Laid as to a Sinking Fund. Until the necessity
arrived let faith be preserved—at the same time let every possie
ble reduction be made ; and he hoped the necessity would never
arrive. The Noble Lord referred to the high authority of a
man who long ruled over the country; he never disputed the
transcendent talents of that man ; but the House must recollect
that the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Noble Lord had-
pulled the first stones out of Mr. Pitt's great edifice in 1813,
and left nothing of the Sinking Fund but the name—(Hear,
hear !)—That great man (Mr. P.) would have spurned with
indignation.thc little plans of his underlings who followed him.
His name should never have been in the lips of those men at
the time they took away that Sinking Fund which they
spoke so much of now. In 1813 it was destroyed by the pre-
sent Chancellor of the Exchequer; and instead of a Sinking
Fund of 21 millions, it was at last reduced to an uncertainty
whether there was any Sinking Fund at all. To say, then, that
the Gentlemen on his side were the enemies of the Sinking
Fund was one of the greatest delusions, whether arithmetical or
poetical, which ever was broached in that House. Dr. Price
was the inventor of the, Sinking Fund which Mr.- Pitt adopted,
ahcl which went on the principle of compound interest. It did
not appear from the Noble Lord's plan, whether any of the
Civil List, or any of the offices or sinecures, were to be touched.
—(Hear !)—What, then, became of his retrenchments. There
was a little heard of superannuations, amounting to shoot
150,0001., and that was all that was to be gained by retrench-
ment, and gained to the comforts of people who were starving: '
for want. This was all that was to be done towards diminish-
ing the enormous patronage of the Crown. He had heard of
10 per cent. being intended to be taken from all salaries, not as
a seving, but as an insurance. That might be a great deal too
much V, take from some ; even 5 per cent. would be a *great
injustice inflicted on men who had embarked their whole lives
and their health in the offices they held. In other cases it
might be a great deal too little, particularly in the higher
offices, and utterly incompatible with the just demands of
the people, and would be a complete mockery to them.—
Why could not the great offices of state be filled merely for
the honour of them and the patronage, without any salaries?—
They might be said to prop and adorn the Crown ; and they
would not adorn it the less by acting without any pay, and
these places would be better if no salaries were attached to
them ; and they would be more sought after if not mere than
half the salaries were attached to them, and the holders of the
places would serve their 'country better. Not a farthing more
ought to be wrung from the people than was absolutefy necessary
for the safety of the country. There were some offices which he
thought might not to be touched at all, or touched with great
delicacy, he meant the judicial offices—(Hear !)—When a man
was made a Judge he was taken away from a lucrative profes-
sion. He knew one who by being made a Judge abandoned
half his income at the Bar. Those men were an incalculable be-
nefit to the country ; and in every t oint of view in which they
could be considered, no part of their incomes ought to be dimi-
nished. Although he had trespassed so long on the indulgence
of the House, he could not terminate without some reniarki on
the concluding observations Of the Noble, Marquis. It appeared
that the next, and perhaps the most notable part
.of the Noble
Lord's plan, was, to borrow four millions, to be lent by the
Bank. That sum was to be disposed of in a way that was not
very clearly explained by, the Noble Lord; it had been so im-
perfectly -explained,
,that many Members had' not been able
to catch even a glimpse of the Noble Lord's meaning: . if he
understood the Noble Lord correctly—should he be wrong the
Noble Lord would set him right, the lending of the four mil-
lions would apply to a two-fold purpose. In the first place, a
portion of the sum was to be applied to the purchase of Stock,
for the purpose of keeping up the price of Stock ; 'it was to be
another pulley, by means of. which to support the market ;
secondly, what was not so applied, was to go in aid of the poor's
rates. —How the application of money to such an object could
afford any relief to the country, or even to the parties them-
selves, he was unable to comprehend.—(Hear, hear.).The
Noble Lord seemed to be unaccountably afraid Of 'a torrent
of gold setting in upon the country. To apply the Noble Lord's
own figure, lie appeared to have a perfect "hydrophobia" of
gold,—(llear, and laughter.)--He seemed -to apprehend that
the setting in of such torrent wouldeproduce ravages of which
no roan could imagine the-extent. 'He (Mr, B.) thought there
was no ground to dread the effects of such a torrent and its
accompanying raveges. When the setting-in was, gold would
take a contrary direction; the workings would continue till
the gold found its lave', and that result was' as certain from
the unalterable principles of the subject, as were the Noble
Lord's 'unchangeable principles of political economy. Even
supposing the Bank to have its coffers filled with gold—though
why it should be treasured he could not tell—he could not an-
ticipate .those evil effects which appeared to be .contemplat-
ed by the overflowing of the Noble Lord's torrent. Let
them pour Out their gold -as they might, so long as paper was
not the exclusive medium, while continued convertible, it
was beyond the powers of all the Noble Lord's financial
plans, aided as he might by. Exchequers, to keep up gold
beyond its just level. The level it would most assuredly find.
At to the latter part. of the plan, it was stillworse in its prin-
ciple. The first part of the plan was nugatory, the lattereaor-
'tion of it was worse still—it was mischievous. It was neither
more nor less than to lend money to every parish that chose to
apply, and -thus, in fact, encourage extravagance.—(Hear,
hear !)—The sound of such a proposition had beento him Most
marvellous, to one too, who was not albeit unused to be compelled
to listen to most marvellous propositions. The remedy for. the
benefit of the Country Gentlemen—for that was the shape
which the plan first took—was not of so 'miraculous a charac-
ter. Could there be an individual who did not see in a twinkling,
that if the rates were relieved this year, they must be doubled
next year ?—(Hear, -hear !)—There would be , the principal
to refund as well as the interest. The original plan was ridiculous
and absurd ; it had been scouted by those who first ventured to
think of it ; it had been abandoned by the original proposer :
but even that scouted plan, 'of lending Exchequer Bills to the
country gentlemen, was not so bad as the one now submitted
ley the Noble Lord to relieve the various parishes. To what
could it lead but. to a wasteful and careless expenditure,. for
the money would get into the hands of overseers, Whose office
lasted only, during the .year ? The Noble Lord at length
reached the climax on which he. perched\ 'his plan. He was
not only to run through the parishes, lending'any that would
borrow—a mode of relief that would impose on such parishes
double rates• for the succeeding year; but the Noble 'Lord
was also to extend relief in aid of public works--7(Hear,
liear.)—What public works were meant—what public works
merited such species of aid ?—(Some remark was made
across the table.) He did net wonder that some hesitated
to believe it possible that any such proposition would,be
made. It had been made—what he related he had heard
with his own ears. What the public,. works could be he
could not imagine, except there was, some. intention to carry
Into effect the plan proposed by the Noble Lord at a former
' period, " to - dig holes one day and fill them up the next."—
(Hear, and a laugh.) —lf they thought of public works, it ought
to be only when the parishes couldafford them ; it was very
rare; indeed, that such 'works could be warranted under any
other circumstances. If parishes contemplated iinprovements,
it would be far more advisable to compel them not to think of
carrying their public works into execution tißthey could afford
to pay-for them. If they were stimulated to commence such
improvements before they had their own money to meet • the
_expenditure, and the offer of Government-to lend would ope.
rate as such stimulus, who was there that did not see, that
et would inevitably induce parish officers to squander Money
on, what, 'after all, perhaps might only be imaginary im-
. proveenents ? Who. was there that did not • see that it was
_calculated 'to create Parochial extraiagance, and 'was that de-
sirable, when the 'country had 'so long suffered. under piiblic
profusion ?—(Hear, hear.).—Would it relieve the country, thus
to create in every parish that spirit of profusion, of which the

.. a.• ..-

Government had so long been guilty, shewed on a!jbaier
evening, by reference to the Finance Committees' Reports ?
(Hear, hear.)—He had already .detained the House too long ;
hut, if he were to encroach on as ;much snore of their tine; it
would be impossible to shew in stronger colours the injuriotes, if
not absurd character, of the Noble Lord's Plans of relief . even
the Noble Lord's own statements carried thou own refotation
with them. He should therefore not trespass forger on titeltbuse
with any detailed examinatiorner the Noble Lord's plan.. ;Be-
fore he concluddd, hOwever, he earnestly implored the ,Molise
to trust to themselves—to take .the management of ureic own
and the people's affairs into their own hands—.andnot to gust
the management of themto the Ministers, if the desireiwere
to save the country. If they Willed it so,, they migV.st4l.con-
tinue to. repose confidence, in the Ministers, as far as
.carrying
ointhe Administration was concerned;. but let them take into
their own hands the management of their own affairs. God
forbid that any human being should covet the places 'of Mini-
sters! ! He thought none could be so desperate. as to ;think
of succeeding them: He told the House two year ago
to drive the Ministers from their BIN against the Queen ;
he now called on the House to compel the 'Ministers -to
adopt such measures as would really relieve the 'Country.—
Let not the, House be alarmed—that if the Ministerei had
such a compulsion forced on them,. they would give up
their places,;—no such change was to be' fearod. They
.might continue their confidence in the Ministers if they
.pleased; all he desired of the Housc.e.was, to cempel the Mint-
,nisters to deserve their confidence. • Therefore he called on the
• House to. compel, the Ministers to adopt measures that would
relieve the country.. lie called on.the house to be.wise ere it
was too late; he implored therri to be wise in time, if they really
desired to save that public credit which the system of Ministers
threatened, and was moselikely to destroy. Let the country
gentlemen, the gentlemen of Esc-land, only pursue such course,
and they could do it without deviating from what they had
pledged themselves to perform; and he would answer for it their
votes would IA successful,, as well as that the Ministers would
.keep their places. Let not the country gentlemen be afraid—
the Ministers would not think of moving. They had only to
tell the Ministers that there must be redections--and, he would
answer for it, down they would, come next day with the de-
sired reductions; only bid them to perform such. work,' and
perform it they would. , The Ministers bad been Ace long
listened to—too long believed. It now became-the House
to think and act for themselves.; they had tow long trusted to
enspirics—they had too long confided in men Who had only
to bring forward the name of Napoleon to get the money
and the gold out of the people's pockets ; they had trusted
to • men who only deemed it necessary to say, " Jacobin,"
and " Radical," as an apology for taking away the people's
liberties. Their authority for what they did was perpetual
alarm ; their specific was endless evaeuation.-o(Cheers •and
laughter.)—At such a moment, he again solemnly implored
the House to bear in mind the importance of- the vote they
were about to give. If they. desired that the Ministers should
reduce, that reduction Should be forced upon Ahem. In. his
estimation, the vote of that night would be equal in importance
.to all the interests of the country—to any decision that had
taken place within the last thirty years : and lie therefore hoped
that his prayer to them would not be vain, inimploring them,
if they desired to. rescue the country from its difficulties' to
compel the Ministers to adopt measures of reduction.—(Loud
cheering.)
Mr. HITSKISSOX said,. that from the course,whicb the
Hon. and Learned Member had token, this oughf to be con-
sidered as an adjourned debate upon that which took place
the other night. The Hon. and. Learned Gentleman had
stated his belief, that in consequence of his speech upon that
occasion, his Noble Friend had altered some parts of the
plan which he had that night opened to ,the House. Of Isis
own personal knowledge, however, Lie could correct the Hon.
and Learned Gentleman upon this point, for nu such circum-
stance had taken place; awl at the same time he must say,
that nothing could be in his opinion, as an old Member of
Parliament, more irregular and unparliamentary than the
mode' which he had adopted of anticipating a statement of the
Government, and thea taking the chance of any coincidence
upon which to found a charge of having altered their views.
After claiming the indulgence of the House,. the Right Hon.
Gentleman characterised the speech of the Hon. and Learned
Member who preceded him as being made up of erroneous
principles, and contradictory references, calculated only to
act. upon the feelings and the sufferings of the people, and to
hurry the Parliament inte false steps which they could not
easily retrace. When. he was speaking of the distress of a
large class of the people, he should endeavour to discard ail
distinctions of party from Isis mind, notwithstanding the
example which had been set by the Honourable and Learned
Gentleman. Whilst considering of the C.MECS of the distress,
and of the remedies to, be applied for' its relief, he did not
think it irregular to look back and refer to former periods of
distress, from which the country,ha4mappily been delivered.
He slid. nut think it 'improper tillrek to such times for the
monitory cautions, or guides which they might afford. Souse
of the symptoms which the present period exhibited were
not unlike those of 1817. It would be remembered... that
the manufacturing districts were then in. a state of actual
starvation, and the .poor, destitute of food and clothing,
were obliged to sell their furniture to procure bread.—
In this state their minds had been acted upon by'unprin-
cipled. agitators, until they committed•fX6RSSeS which.com-
pelled the Government to resort to coercive measures
for the- protection of the public peace. • At that Ono-sleet
what was the language used by Gentlemen, who,. during the
war, had predicted its failure, and that it would end in national
humiliation ? They were then told „it was true we had saved
Europe, but we had ruined England. It was impossible.ever
to compete with the manufacturers of the Continent, and that,
in consequence, the capital of the
.eountry yould.seek em-
ployment elsewhere. At that time, too, the yublie credit was
shaken, and an apparently just alarm pervaded the minds
of many. Yet, in the midst of. all, the Government. said,
that the large capital embarked, and the natural energies of
the country, would raise it up from its diffidulties.to a state of
renewed prosperity. The event had justified their predic-
tions. Why did he mention these circumstances now? To
ahoy that the arguments used on the opposite side .atthat
period, and revived upon the present occasion, were falie and
erroneous.. Out of the evil of the distress to which he .had
referred arose this good. • The knowledge that time taxation of
the country did not weigh down its energies so that:they could
not relieve it from tempoiary difficulties. It enlightened
us upon the nature of our own resources, and gave us ex-
perience as to their just and beneficial application. The
same natural means. would, be trusted, bring the country
'through the present difficulties and distress -a the Agri-
cultural interest, with the eventual gain of knowinghetter
its true resources and, advantages. The country would.thesa
conic out of the trial mightierin its energies and power than
before its temporary sufferings were experienced. The causes
of those sufferings he thought he had strewn nut to consist iu
low prices and an inadequate return. He believed the real
causes to he a redundancy of supply. The Right Hon. Mem-
ber then took a view of the rise and progress of -the extreme
rosperity. of Agriculture duling.the war. When they cause
to the period of the passing of the first Corn Laws, he thought
that was about the point at•which the:produce of the country
became greater than its consumption. Those laws were
.passed under the supposition (and be had the authority of the
Hon. Member. for Essex, Mr. Western, for that tact), that
the supply was not equal to the wants of the consumers, and
that the average of eighteen shillings was to be the minimum
price and not the-maximum. The Bill had, consequently,
the unfortunate effect of being one of the causes of the pre-
sent distress. That there was an increased and increaser
consumption clearly evineed•upon all articles which the Ex-
cise could reach, eonld
.not be overturned by pre-conceived
theories, or new doctrines, which the Hon. and Learned
Gentleman was disposed to teach them in.his lectures of four
hours the other night, and two to-night, developing entirely
new principles of political economy. With regard to the plac
of his Noble Friend, if the markets were glutted with double
the quantity ofsorn usually brouglet to thein,,and if they rave
encouragements to capitalists to go into them and buy that
superfluous quantity, it • would be most likely to hays the
effect of relieving the.low prices so much complained of. The
Right Hon. Gentleman considered it necessary iii years of
abundance to adopt means by which the redundancy might
benefit the public in years of scarcity. It was nut, however,
his intention to dwell on this point; he, however, felt-that a
small sacrifice might lead to great public advantage, and.pre-
vent a great importation from abroad.. The Hon. and:Learned
Gentleman dwelt with much triumph on the subjeceof the
currency, and before he alluded. to the very extraordinary
speech of the Hoa. and Learned Gentleman, he coqJd out avoid
noticing his s avement on the Bank Rests iction Committee its
1509. He b• sr.! the Hon. and Learned ,Gesstleinaro wish the
House to u. dm-stand; that in case he had been a Member of
that Committee, be might have spared the country much dis-
tre-s, and that many of the incoveniences complained of might
have been obviated. When the • Hon. and Learned .Gen-
tleman made that statement, he (Mr. Hstskissonfliegnn to •
suspect that, in common with other Members ottlia Cum
mittee, he had done wrong, and that some compunction was
dime for not doing his dusty in the Committee. After.nsoch
preparation, the Hon. and Learned Gentleman roll the
House gravely, that the origin at all the evils which were
the subject of 'complaint was to be traced to the Bank re-
striction in:1797. That was a wonderful discovery, and a
wontleHul concealment. Instead of keeping it concealed in
his bosom till. 1322, the Hon. and Learned Gentleman, might
have declared the fact upon the discinsion of his Right lion.
Friend's Bill in 1819, and then what woes and misfortunes
had been* kept from the country. The •Hon. and Learned
Gentleman went on to chew what had been the _Mint prices
of gold since the Bank restriction, ,nearing Another wonder-
ful discovery, which it was rattier surprising he did not ins-
part when the subject came before him in a Committee. On

,114 Wed reading of the Bill, the Hon. and Learned Member
-took a share in the discussion, and entered into the subject.
If so, it was really difficult to understand why the Hon. and
Learned Gentleman was bound to keep this great discovery
tv,!ited up in his own bosom. The Hun. and Learned Gen-
tieruln, nso doubt, found relief from bringing the secret on
that oceasi:.in to light. The Hon. and Learned Gentldnan
hod also derlared that a return to cash payments had b?en

the cause of creatin4 the greater part of the distress and
untkr which the country was suffering, with re-
, iereoceLmt h to trede manufactures, and the agricultural in-
te,tsts. He (Mr..Hulisson) could not agree in that opinion.
Tie difficulties of the country had arisen irons different causes.
Qu the restoration of peace, the restoration of commercial in-
6:rcuarse, and the renewal of the property-tax, it was impos-
-.:hie to prevent the revulsion which took place. Ads erting to
Bill of 181:3, he might say he was one of those who was
- firmly persuaded that in passim a measure necessary for the
rest ration of the standard currency, due regard should be
i;:i;91 to the preservation of the value of the currency. More had
tA4n done than was necessary. The Right I ion. Member was
who thought, in the Committee, that they might return to
c.:.sh--iiayments with as small a reservation of bullion as possible.
Ir thought, with the altered value of the currency by the opr.
rwoli of war, during the last twenty years, they ought to make
t::e revulsion be felt as light as possible. It was almost im
vorsible this country could return to the old standard without
Increasing the value of the currency : Still he was of opi-
:tin that the present value was greater than might hare been
ex;7ectecl. When be saw the exchange far the last two years
;:.-.och in our favour, he could nut but think the currency of
the country had been kept strait and narrow. The absorption
of geld in the Bank rright also hare teen to too great an ex-
tent. Seery million of gold taken out of public circulation
and put into the Bank, was, to a certain degree, the cause of
&stress in the country. An arrangement which might re-
itore Bank payments to the rank gold held before the re-
striction, would be most desirable. The object was to make
he Bank give weight and currency to the gold they have in
tbieir possession. The Bank, perhaps, had accumulated trea-
sure beyond *bat they ought to retain, and measures should
be adopted to give it circulation. If 4,000,0001. came out
of the Bank, whether it remained in the country or not, it
would give the markets a turn, and assist all the operations
of commerce'. In all the marketsof England and Europe, the
circulation of metallic treasure would afford relief, and there-
fore it ought to be circulated. He might ask whether the
issue of ten millions by the Bank would not benefit the
. .

country more than six millions. In the opinion of the Right
Hon. Member it would; but, at the same time, he was not
asserting that to be the best mode of assisting the country.—
From the state of exchange in the money market and other
.;ireumstances, the Bank might find it impossible to get fire
per cent, upon discounts; but if they had agreed to a rate
tdf discount, and extended their discount in a safe channel,
the country would have found the benefit. This was really
the question which applied with so much weight on the
interests of Agriculture. The withdrawing a large portion

of metallic currency from the world, produced not only distress
at home, but in foreign countries. The Rt. Hon. MeMber came
next to the question of withdrawing taxation. Hon. and
Learned Gentleman, with respect to taxatio., Vad indulged
;n extravagant theories. Some of the rioposittons of his
Right Hon. Friend sxere described to he visionary, but the
vie•NS of Hon. and Learned Gentlemen were romantic indeed.
It was said taxation reduced the profits of capital, but the
effect of taxation was the reverse, it increased the profits of
capital; yet the Hon. and Learued Gentleman declared that
his proposition came from an axiom as old as political eco-
nomy. He never heard of the axiom till it was stated by the
Hon. and Learned Gentleman. With respect to the revenue,
the statements were erroneous. The Hoq. and Learned Gen-
tleman stated, that the expenditure in 1314 was 84,000,0001.,
and that of the rast year Go,nooMool. In 1814 it was not
84,000,0001., hut the sum levied on the public ws 94,00,0001.
At the present period a deduction was to be made from the

10,000,0001, as a surplus applied to the debt. The Hon. and
Learned Cent'email had to consider the heavy chatges war
had brought on them. It was preposterous to compare the
sum levied by taxes in Ito 6, to the sum levied in a period
when the country was just recovering from an expensive
war. With an income of 56,000,0001. they were able last
year to meet the expenditure of Government, a circumstance
which proved the greatest economy in the public adminis-
tration. An Honourable Member for Essex (Mr. Wes-
tern), had stated that the expenditure could not be brought
within 50,000,0001., but he (Mr. Hushisson) could assure
the House that it would this year be within that amount.
The Hon. and Learned Member had expressed great triumph
over a !tight Hon. Friend with respect to the consumption
of malt. --

The Honourable and Learned Gentleman said

titz.re had been tt decrease. notwithstanding the increase of
populatiOn, of one-seventh. That staiewent could not be

True. Taking the average consumption during the last
nve sears, there appeared to be an excess this year of
si,ouo,ooo of quarters. On the subject of the consumption
anti taxation, the Honourable and Learned Gentleman had
Misunderstood the argument of a Right Hon. Friend, who
dn: not deny an increase in taxation of exciseable articles,
te..t said, if they took a general view of taxation, they would
find -it increased with the population. The articles, tea,
ruff. r, spirits, and other commodities, had increased in pro-
pen-tinn to the population, from 13 to 100 per cent. The
Ifon. and Learned Gentleman stated that ail the tea con-
sumed in this country did not increase the demand for any
riil,nglisb commodity. The assertion was a burlesque upon
;.olitical economy. Could any one reasonably suppose
thirty millions could go to China, and no benefit accrue to
British industry? If the Hon. and Learnedpentleman was
addressing a mob in Covent-garden, he could not say any
thing more absurd. Upon the whole, the cause of distress was
:41 the altered capital of the farmer and agriculturist; and ex-
perience would afford a lesson never to tamper with the cur-
rency. In cotton goods, and iron goods, which were cheaper
:n this country than any part of the world, the farmer and
agriculturist might expect some advantage. The Hun. and
Learned Gentleman considered the want of capital the great
cause of distress, and supposed he could see relief in the ab-
rogation of the Sinking Fund. In that view, be must differ,
and as allusions bad been made to his opinion, be would
sap his opinion was, that the only true Sinking-Fund
was that which came from excess of revenue beyond the
annual expenditure of the country. Upon the maintenance
of web a Sinking Fund would depend the honour and prhce

of the country,— Did the Honotirable and Learned fie'ntle-
man think England ought to be the only country without a
inkilig font ? Ail the nations in Europe had a sinking
fund. He was most desirous to promote economy so far as
it was consistent, and make all necessary reduction, but
wiwri faith was Wedged to the public creditor, and the national
itunour was at stake, it would he well to consider whether

Tuatmutt lioneslycould allow the sinking fund :o be abrogated.
i-fu could not bear it said tkat the sinking fund should be dis-
iJensed with. All the interests of the nation roust depend on
'the sinking fund. Without it our national credit must he im-
ljenched, and no man could say whether the country could
make exertion in war. It gave support to public credit,which
afforded the farmer more relief than the repeal of two or
three millions of taxation. The score of necessity bad been
urged, hut if the pressure of difficulties were great, they
could not give up their honour, solemnly pledged to the pub-
iic creditor. The preservation of public ci edit was of vital
importance to the country. What other pledge could be given
for the security of private property. The public creditor
held his security from the public power. The title to estates,
and the most solemn obligations depended upon the same
securities, and if public faith was destroyed, every engage-
ment, public and private, would be destroyed. Notwith-
idnitiling all be had beard, he was convinced Agricultural
Ilistresses were of a temporary nature. If capital was em-
ployed in other branches of industry, agriculture would find
its level. Withdrawing taxation would neither relieve,
nor increase the present difficulties. WLen Honourable
and Learned Gentlemen dwelt so much on the suggestion
id a Noble Friend to advance money to particular indi-
r;duals suffering under agricultural distress, the Honour-
able and Learued Gentleman misconceived what fell front
the Noble Lord. His Noble Fiiesid did not wean that

Parish Officers should be managers of public works.
Al; he said was this,—there are works on which Government
.was ready to advance money, provided security be given.
Oentlemen might say parishes would ',ever repay, but in some
inciances parishes had paid. Others had nut. Bat there could
• be- no inconsistency in relieving polishes : assistance of that
description most tend to the relief of the farmer. If, however,

be was to be told that every effort was hopeless, and that Par-
liament must break in upon pablic engagements, whilst the
country was full of capital, with buildings to an extent never
before kr,rm at any periAl—if this was ruin, "In God's
nanst. tell ow," said the Right Hon. Member, " what are the
signs from which I ani to judge of the increase of wealth,
strength, and I•OWCT. I: the country is so Sittliaed as (GI enjoy
1!Ir, blessings of peace and the advantages of increasing popu-
.

I,ltion, it is woctiery to say its situation is hopeless. ff:aiter

all oor struggles and trials, we iIEC in a motnentiof despondency
o destroy putilie credit, we shall, in the emphatic words in
the-Speech front the Throne, •1 cot off the resources which
hare raised us to the situation we have attained." .11 will sit
down with imploring' those with whom Ihave acted so long
in public life, Hutto he time instruments of their own destruc-
tion ; intreat thew, as they respect en illustrious Indi-

vidual, whose nanie has been wentioned—f would invoke

them upon the opinion of the great Rival of Mr. Pitt, not to
lireati down the bulwark which has so long protected the
eoutitry. no rot become authors of your own disgrace. If
politic credit is to he destroyed, let it he by other hands."—
(The speech of the Right Hots. Gentleman, at the conclusion,
was loustly cheered.)
I.IIiOUGH/si Lxplaincd, that be bed nut been able,

Last night the Marquis of LONDONDERRY,
pursuant to notice, laid open the views of his
Majesty's Ministers respecting the present state
of the country. Those who expected to be sur-
prised by the proposal of extraordinary and
sweeping measures must have felt considerable
disappointment. The hope of Government,under
present circumstances, is rested on two grounds.
First, on the general tendency to improvement
in the State of the Country, that system being
persevered in which has hitherto been pursued
for the reduction of the public burdens, and,
secondly, but in a less degree, on the effect
of certain measures applicable to the peculiar
difficulties of the time. In the first division of
the subject, Lord LONDONDERRY entered into a
computation of the Revenue and Expenditure for
this year, from which he concluded, that the ba-
lance in favour of the country would considerably
exceed the surplus of five millions, which was
pointed out as necessary by the Committee of 1819;
and he expressed a sanguine expectation, on the
part of Government,that it would in no long space
of time be practicable to redeem- the four and
five per cents., unless the present system were
disturbed by reducing the revenue.—The reme-
dies immediately'applicable to present difficulties
are—first, a reduction of the Malt Tax to the
amount of a shilling on the bushel; and secondly, an
advance of Exchequer Bills to a value not ex-
ceeding four millions, the application of which,
in loans, will, it is hoped, relieve the farmers
from the necessity, so severely felt at present, of
bringing their produce prematurely into the mar-
ket, and a part of which will go to alleviate the
distress of parishes, being lent on the security
of their rates. It is probable that this plan,
independently of its true merits and demerits,
will occasion disappointment to the complaining
part of the community, because an impatient
sufferer is more inclined to be dissatisfied with
the physician who applies his remedies to the ge-
neral and gradual re-establishment of his system,
than with the dashing empiric who exerts him-
self to produce a sudden and striking but tempo-
rary effect by the use of violent and local cures.
Mr. BROUGHAM very plainly disclosed, in his re-
ply to Lord LONDONDERRY, that in urging a
reduction of taxes it was at least as much the
object of his party to cut close the patronage of
the Crown, as to relieve any present embarrass-
ments of the country.

Sir FRANCIS etittnETT has engaged, unless
the task shall L undertaken by some other
Member, to propose a clause in the next Mutiny
Bill, intended to " rescue the Officers of the
Army" from what he considers the " base de-
grading situation" in which they are placed by
the existence of a power to cashier them with-
out trial. The Honourable Baronet is, doubt-
less, aware of the precedent given in the year
1734, when Lord MORPETH, after the reading
of the Mutiny Act, moved for leave to bring
in a Bill " for securing the Constitution, by
preventing Officers, tot above the rank of Colonels
ofßegiments,from being deprived of their Corn-

missions, other a ise than by judgment of a Court
Martial, to be held for that purpose, or by Ad-
dress of either House of Parliament." This would
fall short of the views at present entertained, as
far as we can collect them from the debates, yet
Lord MORPETII's motion is treated by SMOLLETT
as " an attack upon the prerogative," which
" might have succeeded in the latter part of the
reign of the first CIIARLES, but at this juncture
could not fail to miscarry." It was in fact re-
jected without a division, though supported by
an Opposition far more formidable than our days
are graced with, who exhausted in the cause
every topic that learning and ingenuity could
supply. A Bill to the same effect in the Upper
House, introduced by the Duke of MARLBOROuoit,
was thrown out after the first reading. We doubt
much if any thing that has occurred in recent times
is likely to smooth the way fora similar or more
comprehensive motion when it shall be brought for-
ward by Sir F. BURDETT. It is curious to observe
how the same topics and even the same phrases
are advanced at periods remote from each other,
by persons animated with the same spirit, though
not possessing, nor perhaps intentionally pro-
moting, the same views. When we hear Gentle-
men asserting that an officer has as much right to
his commission as if it were his freehold, or that
he can no more be deprived of it without trial
than a man can be deprived of his freehold with-
out a cause; that to exercise the prerogative, in this
instance, is a despotic practice,and that the sooner
such acts of tyranny are put an end to the better ;
when the cashiered Officer declares that if Par-
liament do not inquire into his case, they will
annihilate the spirit of the British army, and
convert them into a Corps of Janissaries, at once
the terror and disgrace of the country ; that he
will never cease to demand redress till he has
obtained it ; and till then he must ever stigma-
tize the Ministers as a set of lawless and vindic-
tive oppressors :`•- it is impossible not to feel
surprised at the striking resemblance between
this language and that of CROMWELL'S Mi-
litary Parliament, when the army, in 1647,
began openly to set themselves above the Com-
mons. A deputation of soldiers appeared at the
Bar of that House (at the time when measures
were projected for breaking the military force,
by disbanding part and sending part to Ireland),
and declared on behalf of the army in general,
" that they did not took upon themselves as a band
of JANIZAR.IEs, hired and entertained only to fight
their battles ; but that they had voluntarily taken
up arms for the liberty and defence of the
nation of which they were a part; and before
they laid down those arms, they would see all
those ends well provided for, that the people
might not hereafter undergo those grievances
which they had formerly suffered. They com-
plained that some members of the army had been
sent for by the Parliament, and committed to
prison, which was against their privilege, since all
soldiers ought to be tried by a Council of War,
and not by any other judicatory, and therefore
they desired redress in these and many other parti-
culars of as ingrateful a nature," Sec.—(Claren-1
don's History ofthe Rebellion, B. x.)--Our readers
will observe, that, while these patriots openly
menace the House of Commons, they profess
the same tender regard for the grievances of the
people which is so assiduously displayed by the
Reformers of our days ; in a very short time,
however, after this declaration, they had seized
the person of the King, impeached Members of
Parliament, and were, in fact, the supreme rulers
of the Country. There are individuals so ignorant,
or so regardless of historical truth, as to say
that it was not the power assumed by the Army,
but the unconstitutional stretch of authority by the
Crown, which led to the murder of King CHARLES.
Those who hold this opinion would perhaps have
received with much complacency the address we
have just quoted, and might have felt happy in
being allowed to sit in the House of Commons,
after it had been purged by Colonel PRIDE, as
they would at least have been secure, in that
situation, against any stretch of power by the
Crown. For our own parts we abhor, as much
as it is possible to do so, the very thought
of a body of Janissaries being created in this
country, and therefore we protest against any,
the slightest, curtailment of his MAJESTY'S most
salutary prerogative as head of the army ; for
we conceive the name of Janissaries to denote a
self-governed military establishment, uniting po-
litical turbulence with soldierly audacity, de-
spising all controul but such as they may enforce
among themselves, and a scourge and terror to the
country because they are independent of the
Monarch.

We received this morning the French Papers
of Wednesday. A private letter from Vienna, of
the 2d instant, mentions the arrival of the long
expected courier from Constantinople, with in-
telligence to the 10th ult. Orders have been
given by the GRAND SIGNIOR to the Turkish
Generals in Walachia and Moldavian° evacuate
those Principalities; but it is asserted that these
orders have been issued in consequence of the
impracticability of subsisting the Ottoman Army
longer in those Provinces; besides which, by
concentrating itself behind the Danube, it will be
supported by the fortresses, and thus avoid the
impetuous shock of the Russian army, if the lat-
ter should pass the Pruth. It is, however,
scarcely possible for the Russian army to take
the field before next month, on account of the
bad state of the roads ; and these accounts say,
it is generally supposed that the Emperor Antx-
ANDER will place himself at the bead of his
troops, as his presence not only animates the
courage of the men, but also relieves the Corn-
manders in Chief from too great a responsibility.
The peace between Turkey and Persia does not
appear to be definitively concluded, for the eldest
son of the Schah still continues his incursions on
the side of Bagdad. Napoli di Romania has
fallen into the hands of the Greeks, but the
Turks still hold possession or the citadel of
Athens. The Pacha of Egypt has conquered the
kingdom of Keartasan, so Well known for Us
gold and iron mines. The Sovereign of that
country fell on the field of battle.

ft is reported that the express which arrived
at Paris on Monday, from Madrid, brought
intelligence that the Cortes have rejected the
projects of Jaw presented by the KINQ, on the

Liberty of the Press, and respecting Patriotic
Societies, and that all the Ministers, old and
new, have resigned, except Senor CINFITEGOS
DE JOVELLANOS, the Minister of War. Nothing
official has been published on this subject, but
such are the reports in circulation at Paris. It
is added, that, at. the departure of the courier,
Madrid was in a state of great agitation.
In the French Chamber of Deputies on Tues-
day, the first article of the law relative to the
Journals and periodical publications was carried,
after a long and animated debate, and the re-
jection of several more amendments.

FRENCH FUNDS.
Feb. 12, Five per Cents.
Bank Stock 1550 f. c.

We have received since writing the above, by Express, the
French Papers of the 14th instant. On Wednesday, the KING
presided in a council of the Ni blisters, the sitting of which last-
ed an hour. In the Chamber of Deputies, an amendment to
the first article of the law respecting the Press, proposing that
the Government should not have the power of refusing permis-
sion to establish a journal, if the application for that purpose
were supported by. fifty Deputies, was rejected after a vio-
lent debate. The second article was amended by the Com-
mittee, so as to require that the first sheet or number of
any periodical writing or journal, shall, at the very instant it
is printed, he delivered and deposited at the office of the
King's Attorney General of the pt ace where it is printed. The
Committee also amended the third article, rendering a periodical
• publication or journal liable to be suspended for a period not ex-
, ceedingone month for the first time, three months for the second,
and total suspension for the third, in case its SPIRIT, resulting
FROM A SUCCESSION' OF ARTICLES, should be of tincture to
injure the public peace, the respect due to the religion of the na-
tion or other religions authorized in France, to the authority of the
KING, to the stability of constitutional institutions, and to the
inviolability of the national property, and its tranquil posses-
sion.—A letter from Aix-la-Chapelle says, that accounts from
Berlin state, that the great Landowners and-=Deputies from
the towns of Brandenburg have been asscmbkd at Berlin,
to receive proposals from the government for organization
of PROVINCIAL STATES in the march of Brandenburg.—
The last news from St. Petersburgh was of a warlike nature,
while those from Vienna were pacific. By news from Constan-
tinople, it appears dist the Janissaries having persisted
in their refusal to repair to the Army, the Porte had been
obliged to continue them in Constantinople, and to march
off a portion of the Asiatic troops, to reinforce Ciirtuascrti 'kr)
PACIIA, who has called for support to enable him to make head
against the Greeks, who are successful in Thessaly. The Otto-
man
fleet, destined to co-operate in the expedition against the j
Mona, is arming with great activity.

German Papers were received yesterday, the
contents of which have been anticipated by the
French Journals ; and last night a Dutch mail
arrived with papers to Tuesday. A Committee
has been formed at Amsterdam of a similar nature
to that in Russia, to collect subscriptions for the
relief of unfortunate Greeks, who have been
obliged to leave their own country. The Pro-
ject of law fixing the new duty upon wine has
been published and contains 59 articles, which will
soon be taken into consideration.

An important article, dated Petersburg, Jan.
19, appears in the Dutch papers. It is stated
that the Servians, rho have hitherto been the
most faithful adherents of the Porte, and to
whom, in consequence, many valuable privi-
leges were conceded, have lately evinced such
a hostile spirit towards the Turks, that the
Divan has withdrawn all those privileges, and
sent a number of Turkish troops to the Servian
frontiers.

Charlestown Papers to the '2oth January -ar-
rived this morning, but their contents are unin-

teresting.
The Cork. Intelligencer contains another nume-
rous list of outrages, including the burning of a
house by the insurgents. Letters from Cork
state, in a general way, that there is no real im-
provement in the state of the country, and that
reports have been circulated that the insurgents
design to seize some Magistrates or other respec-
table persons, for the purpose of keeping them as
hostages for the safety of such of their comrades
as fall into the hands of justice.
An Aggregate Roman Catholic Meeting was
held on Wednesday, in Dublin, Sir T. ESMONDE,
Bart. in the Chair; and a Resolution passed, that
both Houses of Parliament should be petitioned
on the subject of their claims. The petitions are
to be entrusted to Lord DONOUGIIMORE and Mr.
PLUNKETT, who are to have a discretionary power
of bringing them forward at any part of the Ses-
sion which they may deem proper.

NAVY.--The Navy Estimate for tie current
year is 1,781,325/.---the number of men 21,000.

-We this day received a letter from Florence,
dated the 3d instant, but we have no room for
its contents till Monday. We learn that THE
SUN is constantly taken in 'at the Gentlemens'
Reading-Room in that city, and in great request.
It appears that our Daily Extracts from the
LONDON JOURNALS are highly gratifying to the
natives as well as to our countrymen. Indeed
we have received similar assurances from many
other parts of the Continent.
On Thursday night at ten o'clock a Cabinet
Council was held at the Marquis of LoNnotv-
DERRY'S. The Ministers continued in delibera-
tion about an hour.
The late High Sheriff, Sir Josh SHELLEY SIDNEY,
Bart. has generously contributed twenty guineas to the re-
lief of the Poor Debtors confined in our County prison, the
the benefit of which they are receiving at the present tinie.—
(Kent Gazette.) - - - -

FEMALE SPIRIT.—Last Thursday nl Tttt, as Mrs. flew,
wife of f,rmer few, of fleavitree, near this city, was sitting
up with her maid-servant, after the males of the family were
in bed, they heard a noise without nmonz, the poultry,
when the maid sallied forth with great resolivion to i;e'e what
was the matter. Led by the noise, she ascended talks
or cock-loft; and finding a man there, attempted to seize him.
The fellow descended with all speed, the girl rol!owing him. By
this time Mrs. Thew came armed to het s,:ivant's assistance;
and a seuf9e ersued. Mfrs. R. receivtd several blows, and
the mar. was wounded in the arni, but escaped. Theji knew
him, however, to be one Ashford, of lioniton's Clist, and
he was secured next day under a Justice's vh.mtnt, and
committed for trial.—Another man, whoni the 'girl called
Digby, stood at the door, on the watch,. with a turkey under
his arm ; but, upon seeing the woman, ran off.—A warrant for
his apprehension was issued Also.—(Exeter Flying Post.)

ANCIENT BEAUTIES.----When I see some of
these ancient ladies supplying the bloom of youth
with rouge, and using all the arts of making
themselves still appear as canC.itiates for attention
from the spectators, they remind me of a circum-
stance which has often met my eye, and caused
me to smile on the read, viz. tee motto on an old
and very ruinous building, " The New Inn."
The claim of old materials to our notice is in both
Cases equally ridiculous and unjust.
The broad pavernent,s in the public streets
have of late been in an unprecedented filthy
state. Several persons have been informed against
for not having the pathway swept before their
doors, which should be done before ten o'clock
in the morning, otherwise the party who are
gvilty of neglect are subject to be fued.

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