The Sun.
London, England, 1838-01-05 00:00:00

(71'f) e

WITH WHICH
" THE TRUE SUN" IS NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 5, 1838

We have received the following from Liverpool,
dated yesterday afternoon :

" BAIIIA.—By the Venus, Captain Ramon, which ar-
rived at Liverpool, from Bahia, this day, we have advices
froM that place, to the 24th November. The insurgent
party were then in the entire possession of the town,
and had broken open the Custom-house, and possessed
themselves of a large quantity of arms and ammuni-
tion. They were fortifying the place in the best
manner they could, and preparing for an attack from the
Government party, who were encamped about ten miles
off the city. All business was at a stand, and many per-
sons had left the city. The President bad arrived off the
port before the Venus left, but was not permitted to land.
An action between the two parties wasqhourly expected.
The Venus brings no later advices from Pernambuco.

The following paragraph is copied from a Brussels
Paper, received this morning. We give it without
comment, our impression being that it is unfounded :
The Politique (a Liege journal) says--" A person arrived
this moment from Aix-la-Chapelle; tells us that it was gene-
rally reported in that city that the King of Hanover had been
assassinated by a student."

Important news from Upper Canada—from New
York Papers received to the 16th ult. inclusive—will
be found in another part of The Sun. The flame of
civil war has spread to that province.

That the termination of the civil war in Lower
Canada will be in the slightest degree influenced by
the resolutions passed, and the speeches delivered, at
the public meeting held yesterday at the Crown and
Anchor Tavern, is what no person acquainted with
the intentions of the Supreme Government, the real
state -of public opinion in this country, and the de-
fectilee organization of the Canadian insurgents can
believe for an ins!ant. No expressions of sympathy
in favour of those deluded inhabitants of the Lower
Province, who have been seduced into the error of
takiing up arms, to redress grievances which the honest
Re,Formers of Great Britain were in the process of re-
moeing, can enable them successfully to oppose the
military power of England But the meeting will not,
therefore, be unproductive of important results. If it
fail to influence the decision of the sword, it will not
fail to influence the conduct of the Government in the
h our of victory. Such a manifestation of sympathy
ft ir the victims of misrule,—even when we ourselves are
t he oppressors, and when the hostile arm is raised to
d tispute our power—must convince Ministers that it
vould be a fatal error, either to treat the Canadians
s Title severity after submission, or to neglect to reform
'whatever abuses are proved to exist in the Constitution
and Administration of our North American Colonies.
It is a noble proof of the diffusion of sound and hu-
mane principles among the people of England—of the
!really rapid progress they are making in a just discern-
:mem- of the causes which would extenuate the crime of
an appeal to physical force, even against their own
count ry. They are beginning to understand, that to
co-op! trate in the oppression of any portion of their
fellow—subjects or fellow-men, is not patriotism : and re-
memb! ering the crimes of which their fathers were invo-
luntari ty guilty, by trusting to the morality of past Go-
vernrn ents, we are not surprised to find them half. inclined
to dec.k!e the question upon the sole evidence of the
Brithdt advocates of the Canadian insurrection—the
Gov orarnent having admitted that great abuses have
existed, and continue to exist, in the administration
of :the Lower Province. But we must not allow the
extreme jealousy of the people to carry them too far—
to plunge them into a slough of error as fatal to the
f, arming of a right judgment as that out of which they
'are emerging. It is not true—as was contended yes-
terday by the more intemperate among the friends of
the PAPINEAU party—that the Canadians have
suffered under any oppressions which could justify
them in exposing the Province to all the horrors of a
fratricidal civil war : neither is it true that the whole of
the Canadian population of French origin are abettors
of the rising in arms of M. PAPINEAU, and his con-
fe(kra.tes in insurrection. Even Mr. ROEBUCK—
whose speech was worth all the rest—who carefully
en umerated, and indignantly expatiated upon the
W Tongs of the colonists—failed to make out a justifica-
l.ion of an appeal to arms on the part of the Canadians,
which would not apply with ten-fold more appropriate-
ness to the case of an insurrection in Ireland. This
fact ought not to be lost sight of. No Reformer can
conscientiously acquit the Canadians of blame in hav-
ing recourse to arms, without indirectly censuring Ire-
land for having so long submitted to the peaceable en-
durance of the injuries inflicted upon her by this
country. This is a grave view of the question, but it is
a 'just one—one which every true Reformer is bound
to take before committiug himself as the partizan of
Any party. Mr. ROEBUCK told the meeting that
ether the last war with the United States, some Mem-
b of the House of Assembly were sent to prison for
pr emising that Lower Canada should pay her own
pro portion of the debt thereby incurred. Ireland
was treated with less indulgence. Her sons- had
foug ht as gallantly as the Canadians, and yet
she was saddled with her proportion of the
debt, . without her consent. Mr. ROEBUCK did
not bring one charge against the Government, as
rega n is Lower Canada, in the remotest degree border-
ing ni )on the atrocity of those which Mr. O'CoN-
NIaL has so often cited against every succeeding Ad-
ir,inist, ration, for the last thirty years, in Ireland. He
(.141 no,t attempt to show that the Canadians were
3'afferirtv from excessive taxation—that they were
'driven fey famine in thousands annually, to become
hewers of wood and drawers of water in every neigh-
bouring State that would afford them such employ-
ment—that they lived for several months in every year
on one meal of potatoes in twenty-four hours—and
finally, that they died like dogs in ditches of cold and
hunger, in consequence of the absence of a law to
provide them shelter within the walls of a work-
house. These are a few of the grievances
of Ireland, and we entreat our more sober-
minded Radical friends to contrast them with the
real grievances of the Canadians, and then tell us
Ivhinh of them tend most to justify an appeal for re-

dress to the physical energies of a whole people. Mr.
ROEBUCK complained that in the present war in
Lower Canada the Government struck the first blow.
We grant all that, and may add too, that a most un-
lucky blow it was. But the Learned Gentleman did
got state, as it behoved him to have done, that in
striking the blow when it did, the Government only
anticipated by a few days the design of the leaders of
the Canadian revolt, who were only waiting for the
closing of the St. Lawrence to unfurl the standard of
Canadian independence. The great error of the
Government was in striking at all, when it had
taken measures for striking more effectually. It
should either have waited for the rising of the
disaffected, or it ought to hare seized the whole of the
leaders ; instead of beginning, as it foolishly and ab-
surdly did, with an experiment upon the temper of
the masses.

The presence in Lower Canada of a numerous
French class well affected to this country, can only be
called in question by those who are entirely unac-
quainted with the real state of political feeling in
that colony. We confidently assure our readers
that the whole of the Catholic Clergy of Lower
Canada, and a great proportion of their flocks
in every parish, have declared themselves opposed
to any attempt to disturb the friendly relations
subsisting between the Province and the Mother-
country. We have before us an address of the Right
Rev. Dr. J. J. LARTIQUE, Catholic Bishop of Mon-
treal, to the Clergy and Laity of his diocese, dated
the 24th of October, from which we make the follow-
ing brief but important extracts. The first shows that
the Bishop has at least a right to be considered an
impartial authority :

" There is, moreover, nothing that can render us the objects
of suspicion. In our veins, as in yours, flows Canadian
blood : we have given frequent proofs of the love we have
for our dear and common country ; and, as the Apostle, so
can we take God to witness, how we long after you all, in
the bowels of Jesus Christ. —Philip, 1, 8. Besides you know
that we never received any thing from the Civil Govern-
ment—as we expect from it nothing but that justice which
is due to every British subject. And we bear testimony to
the truth, when we solemnly protest, that in speaking to you
on the present occasion, we speak of ourselves, impelled by
no exterior influence, but solely actuated by motives of con-
science."

The Right Rev. Prelate next refers to the state of
political feeling in the Province, from which it is evi-
dent that the French Canadians wets as divided among
themselves as the friends and enemies of the Supreme
Government :
" For a length of time back, dear brethren, we hear of no-
thing but agitation, and even of revolt, and this in a country
which has hitherto been distinguished by its loyalty, its spi-
rit of peace, its love for the religion of its fathers. On
every side, we behold brothers rise up against their brothers,
friends against their friends, citizens against their fellow-citi-
zens, aid discord from one extremity of this diocese to the
other, seems to have burst asunder the bonds of charity which
united the members of the same body, the children of the same
Church, the children of Catholicity, which is a religion of
unity. In circumstances of such moment, the only position
that we can take, is, not merely to stand to an opinion (which
nevertheless, as citizens, we and our worthy fellow-labourers
in this holy Ministry should have, equally with others, the
right of emitting), but to act up to the obligation which the
Apostle of the Gentiles imposes upon us by saying, ' Wo is
unto me if I speak not the Gospol : for a necessity lieth upon
Cor., 9, 16. "

Now mark the solemn admonition with which this
distinguished Prelate concludes his address to his
fellow-countrymen of the same origin as himself :

" Did you ever seriously reflect on the horrors of civil war?
Did you ever represent to yourselves, your towns and your
hamlets deluged with blood, the innocent and the guilty car-
ried off by the same tide of calamity and woe? Did you ever
reflect on what experience teaches, that almost without excep-
tion, every popular revolution is a work of blood? Should
then any one wish to engage you in a revolt against the pre-
sent Government, under the pretext that you form a part of
the Sovereign People, suffer not yourselves to be sedueed."

In all probability, before the meeting of Parliament,
we shall have news from Canada which will change
the opinions of many with regard to the nature of the
contest. The intelligence from the Upper Province
which arrived this morning, though strangely tinged
with party feelings, leaves no doubt of the important
fact, that the question is not one only between the
Executive and the Canadian nation, but also between the
latter and the British settlers, on whose conduct the fate
of the contest hangs. It was known some weeks ago
that Sir FRANCIS HEAD had sent every soldier of
the line to Montreal, believing from the professed
loyalty of the population that he should, with the vo-
lunteers and militia, be able to repress any attempt at
insurrection, and though somewhat taken by sur-
prise, the result hitherto proves that he was
not mistaken in his judgment. The insurgents
in considerable force entered Toronto, the inhabitants
of which were not preparetl to repel them ; but finding
no support, and being quickly attacked by the volun-
teers, they were dispersed in all directions. We shall
not learn the exact details till the publication of the
Lieutenant-Governor's despatch ; but of the main fact
there can be no doubt, taking even the account given
by Papers favourable to the insurgents. We thus see
that after the British troops are withdrawn from
the Upper Province, the inhabitants take the
cause into their own hands, and repel those who
are in league with the French Canadians, and
therefore have forced on us the conclusion, that if
England were to give up the contest the country would
still be exposed to civil war. We have thus the choice
of two evils—either to leave the parties to fight the
battle, or to lend our assistance and mediation in bring-
ing the unhappy contest to a speedy conclusion. Mr.
ROEBUCK says the feelings against the Government in
Upper and Lower Canada are equally strong. We doubt
the statement, and the news, as Lr as they go, war-
rant something more than doubt. Though both Pro-
vinces had just grounds of complaint, we have all
along been convinced that the British settlers had no
wish to separate from the Mother Country, and that
all they wanted was a redress of grievances, such as
the re-construction of the Upper Assembly, and some
more fair mode of appointing the Officers of the Exe-
cutive. On this point every thing depends. Time alone
can show whether Mr. ROEBUCK is right, and whe-
ther the British settlers call upon England for protec-
tion, or are prepared to join the Canadians in throwing
off the British dominion. A few weeks, perhaps a
few days, will enable Parliament and the country to
come to a safe conclusion.

The Paris Journals of Wednesday have all been
Jeceived. They bring the opening of an important
debate in the Chamber of Peers on the address to
the Throne, for which we have not space in our co-
lumns of this day. The following extracts include
the latest news from the Spanish frontier ;
The Sentinelle des Pyrennees of Dec. 30, has the follow-
ing article :

FRONTIERS or NAVARRE, DEC. 20.—The Carlist expedi-
tion, after having been reviewed by Don Carlos, has entered
Castillo. The troops of this expedition consist of 15 batta-
lions, making about 7,000 men, and 600 horse. This corps,
almost entirely composed of Castilians, is now equipped and
armed with English muskets, recently landed in the environs
of Bilboa. A great number of French officers of different
ranks are in this corps ; it is even believed that an important
command will be given to a French officer of high rank.
Nothing considerable, however, is to be undertaken till a
junction has been formed with the troops commanded by
Cabrera."

The Phare of the same day does not speak of the en-
trance of the Carlists into Castille. If the news were really
well-founded, we do not doubt that our correspondent on the
frontier, who, at the course of events, would have hastened to
inform us of it. The account, however, adds, that it is men-
tioned by the Memorial des Pyrenees.—Le Constitutionnel.
A letter from Oran of 17th December, published by the
Toulonnais, says,—" Abdel leader still manifests his desire
to maintain peace, though it is evident that he prepares for
war at a time more or less distant, according to circumstances.
Fie gives also his attention to the formation of standing armies,
and reanimates his cavalry. In short he turns his time to ad-
vantage. If hostilities are not resumed, the organization
of his army will enable him to consolidate his power and ex-
tend his influence.—Commerce.
FRENCH Ft) NDN.—PAftu!, JAN. 3.
Flee per Cents., 1 Sr sc.
Four and a Half per Cents. lusf,

Four per Cents., 101 f. 25c. hc.
Three per Cents., 7SE 90c. 79f. 78f. 95c.
Bank Actions, 2,542 f. 50c.
Aente de Naples, ISE 20e. 25c. 20c.
Roman Five per Cents., 100%.
Spanish Actives, 2N%
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents, 102%.
Belgian Bank, 1,485 f. 1,490 f. 1,483 f. 75c. 1,190 f.
Haitian Loan, 370 f.

NICHANGII ON LONDON.
One month, paper, —f. —e.; money, 25r. 474 e.
Three months, paper, —f. —e. ; money, Zf. :30c.

_
LAST PRICES.
Five per Cents. 10Sf. 20e.
Three per Cents., 79f, 35e,
Bank Actions, 2,542 f. 50t.
Romans' 100%.
Belgian Loan, 10234.
Belgian Bank, 1,490 f.
Portuguese Three per Cents., lON.
Haytian Loan, 3701.
Spanish Actives, 20S.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.)

Dait, JAN. 4.—Wind S.W., moderate.—Arrived, and proceeded for
the River, the Lady Nepean, Apsey, from Teneriffe ; Albion, and
Margaretha, from Cada. Sailed the Isabella, for Hobart Town. Came
down from the River, and remain with the outward-bound, the Aber-
deenshire, Smith, for Hobart Town ; St. Vincent Planter, Allen, for
Jamaica; Bertha, Folkes, for New York ; Montrosa, Blenkinsop, for
Honduras; Durham, Chancellor, for Oporto; Margaret Richardson,
Read, for Genoa; Helen, Taylor, for Pernambuco; Miranda, Muir-
head, for Barbadoes ; James Mattheson, Melivard, for Bahia ; Postboy,
Berriman, for Venice; Burrell, Mundon, for Trieste.
PLYMOUTH, JAN. 3.—Wind W.S.W.—Arrived the Tantivy, Ayes,
from Zante.

PORTSMOUTH, Jas. 4.—Wind S.W, fine.—Arrived the Chili, Smart,
from Sunderland. Sailed the Isabella, Denning, for Madeira and De.
merara, Her Majesty's ship Tyne is gone out of Harbour to Spithead.
I32Leasr, JAN. S.—Arrived the Morgiana, Hetherington, from De-
merara ; Aribiada, Ramos, from St. Übe's; Herald, Robinson, fro:n
London.

LimetticK, JAN. 3.—Arrrived the Arbutus, Pounds, Juvineer, Car.
tvr, Oscar, Matthews, from London.
CORK, JAN. 3.—Arrived the Three Sisters, Labres, from Newfound.
land; James Lemon, Lawton, from St. John's, New Brunswick.
PRNZANCE, JAN. 3.—Arrival off port, the Amphitrite, Jabury, from
Baltimore.