The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-05 00:00:00

MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, 1849

THE UNITED STATES.

SOUTHAMPTON, SUNDAY.—The Ocean Steam Na-
vigation Company's steam-ship Hermann, Captain
Crabtree, arrived off Cowes this morning, soon after
eleven o'clock, having left New York on the morning
of the 20th ult. The Hermann had a full cargo,
specie to the amount of 83;000 dollars, and fifty-five
passengers, thirty-three of whom were for England,
and the remainder for Germany. After tranship-
ping her English and French mails she proceeded on
to Bremen.
By this arrival we have New York papers to the
20th ult. The most interesting of the news brought
by the Hermann is that relative to Sir John
Franklin, which reached New York on the 20th.
INTERESTING AND PROBABLY IMPORTANT
NEWS FROM SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.
_ _

Captain Chapel, of the barque M;E:11a-n, of New
York, Davis's Straits, whose arrival we announced yes-
terday morning, furnishes information which will be
read with interest in the United States, and indeed in
every part of the world. About the Ist of August,
while the APLellan lay in Pond's Bay, an indentation of
Baffin's Bay, in lat. 74, long. 72. the natives of the coast
came on board the Chieftan, an English whaleman, and
gave information by signs that two large ships were then
lying in Prince Regent's Inlet, and had been there fast
in the ice for four seasons ; and being asked with re-
gard to those on board, whether they were dead or
alive, they replied in the same way that the crew were
not " asleep" (that is, not dead), but were all well. It
was considered by the Englishman and by Captain
Chapel, that the ship■ of Sir John Franklin were clearly
meant.

The Englishman landed at Cape Hay, some distance
from Bond's Bay, a quantity of coal and previsions with
which his ship was furnished by the British Government
for the use of the long-missing ships, if they should
chance to come there, as they would be obliged to do on
their return to England. This is certainly the latest
news from that quarter, and there is a possibility, per-
haps a probability, that the commander of the unfortu-
nate expedition and his crews are still alive. Heaven
send that it may be so I
The WLellan and her gallant officers and crew have
reached home almost by a miracle—at any rate, they
have done so under circumstances that entitle them to
the highest credit.

On the 12th of June the barque got nipped in the ice,
and only escaped destruction by the almost superhuman
exertions and good conduct of those who were in charge
of her. She was so severely injured that she leaked so
as to be kept afloat only by the incessant work of nearly
all hands at the pumps, and by means of two large
metallic pumps, obtained by Captain Chapel from the
wreck of two English ships crushed and totally lost just
ahead of him. The leak was, however, partially reme-
died by thrummed sails under the bow, though she con-
tinued to leak badly until her arrival home, andwas only
kept above water by the continued and unceasing labour
at the pumps till she reached the dock—which, indeed, is
still obliged to be continued, as she lies at the wharf.
The two English ships, Superior and Lady Gray, men•
tioned yesterday, were both lost very near the M.'Lellan.
Two of the crew of the lost ships arrived in her. They
are natives of the Shetland Islands.

On the 30th of August the M'Lellan lost a man named
Joseph Schneider, of New York, who fell from the wizen
topmast head, and lived but twenty minutes, being
shockingly mangled in the head and limbs. He was 21
years of age.
It is due to Captain Chapel, his gallant officers, and
ship's company, again to say that their conduct in bring-
ing home their vessel is deserving of more than common
praise; and even with their exertions it could not have
been done, but for the staunch and enduring qualities of
the ship. The skill and perseverance of the officers and
men were objects of admiration to the Englishmen who
saw them.

The Niagara did not arrive out from Liverpool
until the evening of the 19th, having experienced a
very tempestuous passage, and got somewhat damaged.

MONEY MARKET.

OCT. 19, Fona P.M.—The Stock Market continues
buoyant, and both Government and " Fancies" improved
a fraction, at the first board, upon yesterday's quota-
tions. United States Sixes, '6B, improved j; Pennsyl-
vania Fives, Erie RR.L. Island, Reading, and Canton
Co., each 40 Harlem, j; N. Haven and Hartford, s.
The ca►culation is, that the next California steamer
wiil bring to this port a million of dollars or over in
gold, private letters indicating that such a sum may be ex-
pected here. Such an importation makes up for the
exportations, and hence what is going abroad to
France and England is regarded as but of little mo-
ment here.

The trade with France is apparently a very unpros-
perous one for the United States. We buy an immense
quantity of silks and " knicknackeries," and we pay for
the most of them in coin. French houses not liking our
bills, we send abroad coin even to a positive disadvan-
tage of one or two per cent. Hence more or less is
always going to France. The trade seems to be nearly
all on one side, and mainly on the French side.
It can hardly be credited that the French (Poussin)
affair has been the nightmare on our market, that it has
been now for a month or so. Stocks and real estate have
been raidly depressed by it. Just as everything had an
upward tendency, this news came out, and everything
felt it more or less. Now, the mere rumour, by tele-
graph, that England will mediate, and save us from diffi-
culties, lights up the market. There have been some
considerable purchases and investments iu real estate on
the strength of that rumour. The stock market to-day
has been buoyed up by it.
The receipts of produce down the Hudson River
since the opening of navigation to the 16th instant,
have been as follows :—.

149. 1848.
Flour, barrels 1,3008,832 ... 1,300 001
Wheat, bushels ... 364,546 ... 633,130
Corn, ditto ... 2,862,898 ... 1,832,411
Exports from Ist to 10th Oct.
Flour, barrels ... 15,647 ...
Wheat, bushels ... ... 30.000 ...
Corn, ditto ... .. 66.623 ...
Beef, barrels 491 ...
Pork, ditto ... 3 385 ...
Lard, kegs ... ... 15,562 ...

75,515
91,290
306,600
357
1,339
11,696

We learn that an association of colliers in Schuylkill
county (Pennsylvania) have an agent in this city at-
tempting to form contracts with the New York dealers,
so as to make both parties independent of the jobbers in
Philadelphia, who o❑ more than one occasion have been
said to have arbitrarily increased or reduced the prices.
It is contemplated to make the contracts for a series of
years.

FRIDAY, OCT. 19, Six P.M.

The delay of the Niagara i❑ reaching the city before
the close of business fur the day caused operations in
cotton to be quite limited, as dealers were anxiously
waiting the receipt of private letters due by her. The
small sales making were effected chiefly to spinners, at
the decline previously noticed. There was a better in-
quiry for Canadian flour, in bond, for export. The
market for straight brands Western and pure Genesee
was less firm. There was no change in southern brands
while prices remained the same, with some sales of
Richmond fancy brands for export. Wheat continued
heavy, with sales of Genesee and Southern. Some lots
of Canadian were being shipped on owner' account.
Corn was rather scarce, and firmer, with a good inquiry
for export. Barley was more steady, while oats were
less firm. There was no change in rye. The market
for pork was inactive, and prices nominal. Beef con-
tinued heavy; lard was steady, with a fair amount of
stiles. Coffee continued firm, with small soles. Sugars
were inactive, with moderate sales, at about previous
rates. Freights were firm, with more offering to English
ports. There was also some inquiry for vessels to
charter to proceed round the southern capes, or to ports
in the south of Europe.

THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION—ARRIVAL
OF THE CHIEFTAIN.
(From the Shipping and Mercantile Gazette of
Saturday.)
We have this day received the following from our
correspondent at Kirkcaldy, at which port the
Chieftain, from Davis's Straits, arrived on the Ist
instant :

" KIRKCALDY, Nov. 1, 1849.
" Captain Kerr, of the Chief man, arrived here from
Davis's 'Straits, confirms, in the main features, the
report made by Captain Parker, of the Tree-
Jove, ♦is.:—That on the 11th of July, being then in
lat. 72 40, and long. 75 W, off Cape Graham
Moore, and fast to the land ice, they were visited by
a party of Esquimaux (who came from the main land on
sledges), and on being questioned regarding the dis-
covery ships, stated that some of those persons present
had, in the course of last winter, seen four vessels (not
whalers), two of which had been lying near to the west
entrance of Prince Regent's Inlet for four winters, and
two for one winter, on the eastern side of that inlet, not
tar from the north entrance; that the vessels were com-
pletely ice bound, but apparently in good order, with
their masts standing and yards :truck; that the captains
and crews were in good health, and had no want of pro-
♦isions (salmon and reindeer). Captain Kerr expresses
his belief in this statement. He has had an interview
with Lady Franklin, who has hopes that this report will
prove true, although it &Tends on the veracity of the
Esquimaux."

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN- THE- WEST PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS.
—The ceremony of laying the first stone of the new pa-
rochial schools of St. Dunstan's was performed on Sa-
turday by the Lord Mayor, in the presence of the
Common Council and principal inhabitants of the ward
of Farringdon Without. The site of the new building
is the open space of ground at the Fleet-street end of
Fetter-lane, and when completed it will be capable of
eff,rding accommodation for 400 boys and 500 infants.
The Corporation of London have contributed the sum of
100/. in aid of the project, and the parochial subscrip-
tions have increased that amount to nearly 1,0001., leav-
ing 500/. to be obtained in order to insure the completion
of the undertaking. The Rev. E. Auriol, M.A., Rector
of St. Dunstan's, read prayers upon the occasion, and an
appropriate hymn was sung by the children. A glass
bottle, containing the coins of the realm and a copy of
e tch London newspaper, were deposited beneath the stone.
After the ceremony had been completed, " God save the
Queen" was sung, and the company present adjourned
to Clifford's Inn Hall, where a very handsome collation
was provided by Mr. Austin, of Peele's Coffee house-.
The usual loyal toasts were drank by the guests, and a
very flattering compliment was passed to the Lord
Mayor for his kindness in officiating. His Lordship
returned thanks, and the party separated, after making
a liberal subscription in aid of the funds.

MIDDLE TEMPLE.—CALLS TO THE BAIL—The
following members of this society have been called to
the degree of barristers.at•law, and were on Saturday
evening sworn in before several of the bencherc_
John Robert Davison,
Esq., and Theodore Walrond
Esq.

PANAMA, Sept. 26.
Since our last nothing of moment has occurred
here. The city has been remarkably healthy, and
the season unusually fine. Emigration still con-
tinues, and the last arrival from California (the
steamer Panama) has brought more passengers back
than usual, 150, which certainly does not augur well.
Gold is there, it' is true, but hard labour is required
to obtain it, and many find that had they remained
at their homes they would have been much better off.
The remittance from California this month, by
Panama, is, say 700,000 dollars. Private letters vary
wonderfully, but this lam certain of—a friend of
mine, who left England in March last, a medical
man, is now making easily 120 dollars per diem ; 'tis
true he is a man of talent, and deserves all he can
realise for being insane enough to leave a good prac-
tice in England.
No difference of opinion exists on this side the
Isthmus that San Francisco will be the city of the
Pacific in a very short time. To the south of this
all is quiet, except in Bolivia, which is in a shock-
ingly disturbed state. The silver mines of Copiapo
continue to yield very largely.
The English Pacific Steam Company find difficulty
in procuring a renewal of their privileges for the
coasting trade ; in fact, as I have before written, the
general feeling is against it.
A meeting was held here last week, and a company
formed to procure small steamers for the Bay of
Panama, which are now actually requisite, if only to
supply the city with provisions, which are abundant
in the province. The company has an exclusive pri-
vilege for three years, and eighteen months allowed
to commence working. i"
Two small steamers, it is calculated, will leave a
certain return for investment of 20 per cent.; in fact,
so clear is the affair, that on the first meeting half the
sum required was put down by the natives only—this
being the first time they were ever known to enter
into any affair of this sort.
We have now four steamers laying in the bay of
Panama, and four on the other side, at Chagres.
Panama, which was scarcely mentioned twelve
months since, from present appearances, will soon
become a point of some note.
Speculation has been going on here in land, if I
may so term it ; the railroad company has an agent
here purchasing lands in the vicinity of the Panama,
from which we may infer where the position of the
terminus will be on the other side.
Her Majesty's ship Champion was to leave Mazatlan
for this, with specie, on the 28th inst.

CO WES, ISLE OF WIGHT.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

COWES, -Nov. 4.
PARKHURST PRISON.—ESCAPE OF PRISONERS.—
Six hopeful lads from the juvenile prison made their
escape on Saturday, and although a pursuit was made
almost immediately they are still at large. The
wardens, the rural police, the coast-guard, and some
of the troops, have been on the look out all night and
this day. There is very little chance of the young
rascals getting out of the island, as the departure of
all the steam-boats is watched, and the preventive
boats keep an eye on all boats and vessels leaving the
shore ; but the inhabitants of all the cottages and
country places are much alarmed. They last night
broke into Arctic Cottage, and robbed the larder of
four loaves, all the cold meat, an apple pie, and a leg
of mutton, plates and dishes; they seemed to have
tied them up in the servants' aprons to take them
away : they then visited Mr. Bannister's rope-walk,
near Cowes, when all track was lost of them.
The Ocean Steam Navigation Company's steam-
ship, Hermann, Captain Crabtree, arrived here at
eleven A.M. this day, from New York, and after for-
warding her mails, &c., per Queen steamer, for
Southampton proceeded for Bremen.

COURT CIRCULAR.
WINDSOR, SATURDAY.
The Queen and Prince Albert walked early this
morning on the Slopes and Eastern Terrace.
The Royal Family took their accustomed walking
and pony exercise.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert went out shoot-
ing this morning, attended by the Marquis of
Ormonde, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. C. B. Phipps, and
Lieut.-Colonel Hon. A. Gordon.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended
by her Royal Highness's Ladies in Waiting, dined
with the Queen and Prince Albert this evening.
The Bishop of Chester arrived at the Castle to-
day, and had the honour of joining the royal party at
dinner.

SUNDAY.
The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual
early walk.

The Royal Family walked this morning on the
Eastern Terrace and Slopes.
The Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
the ladies and gentlemen of the Court, and the
domestic household, attended Divine service this
morning in the private chapel. The sermon was
preached by the Bishop of Chester, the prayers being
read by the Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley, Domestic
Chaplain to the Queen.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge re-
turned to his residence at Kew, on Saturday, from a
visit to the Duke of Rutland, at Newmarket.

HEALTH of the QUEEN DOWAGER.
(From the Court Circular.)
" The Priory, Nov. 3, 1849.
" The Queen Dowager has again passed a restless
night, obtaining hardly any sleep, owing to the fre-
quency of her cough.
"In other respects her Majesty continues in much
the same state this morning as during the last two
days. "DAVID DeviEs, M.D."
" The Priory, Nov. 4, 1849.
"The Queen Dowager's cough was less harassing
during the night, and her Majesty had a few hours of
quiet sleep.
"Her Majesty consequently feels more comfortable
this morning. _ _ _

`DAVID DAVIES, M.D."
The prayers of the congregation of the Chapel
Royal, St. James's, were desired yesterday for her
Majesty Adelaide the Queen Dowager. The sermon
was preached by the Rev. Dr. Maddy. The Countess
of Jersey and Lady C. Villiers, Lady Willoughby
de Eresby, Lord de Mauley, and Lord Duffwrin were
among the nobility present.

DEATH OF SIR GEORGE ANSON,
G.C.13., GOVERNOR OF CHELSEA HOSPITAL-
We regret to announce the almost sudden decease
of General Sir George Anson, G.C.8., Governor of
Chelsea Hospital, and Colonel of the 4th Dragoon
Guards. This gallant, distinguished, and venerable
officer was seized with sudden illness yesterday
morning, at nine o'clock, at his official residence at
the Royal Hospital. The medical officers were im-
mediately in attendance, and everything that their
acknowledged skill and experience could suggest was
tried to save him, but without avail ; the worthy old
General never rallied, and at a quarter-past three in
the afternoon breathed his last.

Sir George Anson was the second son of George
Anson, Esq., (previously Adams), by the daughter of
the first Lord Vernon, and was uncle to the present
Earl of Lichfield, to G. E. Anson, Esq., keeper
of the privy purse to her Albjesty, who died a few
days since; and to Colonel Anson, clerk of the Ord•
nance. lie was born in 1769, and entered the army
in 1786, as a cornet of the 16th Light Dragoons,
and became, successively, lieutenant, March, 1791 ;
captain, September, 1792 ; major, December, 1794 ;
lieutenant. colonel, December,ll797; colonel, January,
1805 ; major-general, July, 1810; lieutenant-
general, August, 1819; and general, January, 1837.
He served in Holl ind under his Royal Highness the
Duke of York and Sir R. Abercromby, and subse-
quently acquired a very high reputation in the Pe-
ninsular war, having served with the great Duke in
the campaigns of 1809, 1810, 1811, 'lBl2, and
1813. He commanded the 16th Light Dragoons at
the battle of Oporto, and a brigade of Light Ca-
valry at the battles of Talavera, Busaco, Salamanca,
and Vittoria, and received a medal and two clasps
for his services at Talavera, Salamanca, and Vit-
toria, and the thanks of the House of Commons in
November, 1816, for his services generally in the
Peninsular war. The above is, however, the merest
epitome of his gallant affairs with the enemy, in
which he earned for himself a high reputation in the
service.

Sir George represented Lichfield from 1806 to
1841, and was Groom of the Bedchamber to Prince
Albert from 1836 to September, 1841. In February,
1827, he had conferred upon him the colonelcy of the
4th Dragoon Guards ; in 1846 was appointed
Lieutenant Governor of Chelsea College, and only
since May has held the pDst of Governor, in which,
as in all his preceding appointments, he was most
universally loved and respected for his noble, just, and
charitable bearing. He married in 1800 the daughter
of the late J. W. Hamilton, Esq., and sister of Sir F.
Hamilton, Bart., who died in 1834, and by whom he
had thirteen sons and daughters. The gallant deceased
had lost by death within the last few months his son,
grandson, and nephew; and from these bereavements
and other domestic afflictions ho appeared to sutler
most acutely.
That must distinguished old Peninsular officer and
well tried soldier of the Duke of Wellington's army,
General Sir Colin Halkett, K.C.8., K.C.H., who was
appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Chelsea Hospital
a few months since, will, it is hoped, have the vacant
appointment.

DEATH or Silt J. B. PECIIELL, BART.—This
gentleman expired on Saturday, somewhat unexpectedly
at his residence in Hill-street. He bad returned from
his country seat about three days since, apparently in
improved health, but he was again taken seriously ill,
and expired et eleven o'clock on Saturday morning.

MAGAZINES.
THE UNITED SERVICE.
An article on the " Hungarian Campaigns" gives
an interesting recapitulation of the victorious progress
of Bern in the spring and summer campaigns of 1849;
but the best contribution to this number of the United
Service is the first article, on the Russian Navy.
From this article, which is well worthy of perusal, we
quote the following remarks. They tell us nothing
new as regards the designs of Russia, for it has long
been to all an indubitable fact that (as Lamartine has
happily expressed it), " the slope of Russia is towards
the east."
" The disadvantages under which the Russian Go-
vernment has always laboured, and still experiences in
the organization of an effective and dangerous naval
power are therefore the inverse of those circumstances
which enable it to appear so formidable on land. It may
be said indeed of the various nations which compose the
population of the Russian empire, that some only feel
themselves at home on the saddle, others only on terra
_firma, and but few upon the oscillating and uncertain
plank. It has people who although dwelling near the
sea, have a confirmed and astonishing antipathy to water,
the Lettes for instance, on the shores of Courland and
Livonia, venture scarcely a mile or two seaward in their
boats. The Tatars of the Crimea, with a sea abounding
with fi,h, are neither good fishermen nor sailors. On
all the shores of Russia, fishing and the coasting trade is
carried on by foreign peoples, and the Czar is con-
strained to drive is nomadic and agricultural subjects by
force to the sea shore, and convert them into mariners
and sons of Neptune as best he can. Alone on a few
districts of the coasts of the great northern empire, viz.,
near Archangel and in Finland, is there any consider-
able fishing or coasting trade, capable of furnishing crews
in some manner adapted to the manning of a fleet. Yet
though denied by her position on the map of Europe,
that favourable field for the development and appliance
of a naval arm—which almost all the other continental
states possess—what have not her rulers achieved in that
direction, by au undeviating and untiring direction of the
vast passive energies of the nation? It has sufficed to
will, and in the teeth ofevery disadvantage of geographical
position, Russia has placed herself in a prominent naval
rank among the European states. It is true that the whole
extent of her north coast stretching through the ice
bound Polar Sea renders a fleet useless in that quarter.
Not much greater service can it derive from its fleet in
the Baltic, where for six months in the year the har-
bour and naval war ports containing it are closed with ice,
and its ships can alone avail themselves of a short period
for the exercise of their crews, to be constrained again
to six months' inactivity and exclusion from the sea.
Without colonies in other parts of the world, the imperial
navy of Russia has no tangible and vital interests to
watch over and protect. The commerce of Russia may
be considered merely as a passive commerce; hence in
reality she requires no—or at least fewer—armed ships
to protect it or to act as convoy to her merchant vessels.
The interests of Russia meet those of other nations upon
the sea at few points. Hence, even in peacetime, it
would be and is impossible to find employment for her
seamen and officers in the merchant service. The only
maritime undertakings to which at such seasons Russia
has applied her ships, consists of a few scientific voy-
ages in distant parts, and in the expedition of a ship of
war every two years to Russian America. In every
other respect without any extenuation, the appearance
of her ships in other seas have had for motive (as ac-
knowledged at home) to show the progress made in the
nautical arm of the empire, and have been mere efforts
of parade and show. The fleets of Russia may there-
fore more justly be considered in the light in which Mr.
Cobden deemed that with some right he could consider
our Mediterranean squadron, i. e. in the light of an ex-
pensive luxury. The fleets of Russia are indeed, and
have ever been a most heavy burden to the empire, and
if considered in the limited view of a mere financier,
have ever been and are an ill calculated speculation. But
as time has rolled on has nut Europe had for a succes-
sion of years, the most eloquent reasons to entertain a
higher opinion of Russian statesmanship, than to allow
all the above considerations and even more that could be
cited, to lead to the opinion that its indefatigable zeal
to form a respectable naval arm—in the face of so many
grave obstacles, is limited to no wider sphere of action
than that in which it moves at present.?
" With so many tangible and convincing proofs around
them, the progressive growth of long years, have the
nations and governments of western Europe, and above
all the statesmen of England acquired so little insight
into the Muscovite policy, as to have been so long its
dupe?—a policy which dates even beyond Peter the
Great, and which lies in the .Russian element itself?
Do they yet require further elucidation, upon the ab-
sorbing and expansive principle on which all and every
thought and act have been unswervingly based, which
has emanated from the Cabinet of the Russian Govern-
ment? This national featnre, this idiosyncrasy of cha-
racter, is possessed by the eastern Sclavic race, parti-
cularly by the people of Great Russia, in common with
the west Romans (the French), with the difference that
these exhibited it after another manner. The wily
serpent-like Sclavic element, which seeks to creep and
slip unobserved into every place, until it can boldly ap-
pear in all its power to enforce its rule, is alone charac-
teristic of that race in Europe. And thereto it moreover
possesses a certain false bonhommie, as the French would
express it (the word truthfulness of heart would be here
inapplicable), which even deceives the uneducated, in the
same manner as its appearance of courtesy and its sem-
blance of acquiescence, mislead those above them. That
hereby it has undeniably proved itself superior to the
mo,t boasted diplomatic talent of the other European
states have been long evident, and the recent events in
the east of Europe have at length brought about that
desired crisis, which has so long and so patiently been
awaited by the Sclavic element, to show the real object
and meaning of all its mighty labours, t! .e tendency of
all its effort.; of past years to form an efficient navy. To-
wards the effectuation of two deeply-seated resolves, long
firmly fixed in the minds of the Muscovite rulers, the
whole energies of the state have been progressively ad-
vancing, and the ultimate possession not only to Constan-
tinople, but of the Sound,* will yet convince the world
of the sagacious forethought which has ever directed
those energies. When they shall have obtained those
long-coveted stations for the fleets which they have con
strutted, in the anticipation of those long-prescribed
events—then it will not be denied that they have specu-
lated rightly in them, that they hare provided themselves
in time and beforehand with the instruments to maintain
their possession. Then for Russia will bet at length de-
rived the long-protracted profits, the interest and returns
so patiently awaited upon the outlay of so much national
wealth. Capital and interest will alike then flow back
to the nation upon the waters of the Miditerranean and
the Atlantic; and the shores of Greece and Denmark—
their ports and their population absorbed into and identi-
fied with its power, will furnish able seamen and ma-
terials with which to dispute with us the sovereignty of
the sea.

" The skilful exclusion of English and French ships
of war from the Black Sea, by the celebrated article of
the treaty of Unkar Iskelessi, which closed the Darda-
nelles to the navies of those two powers, has secured to
Russia the most perfect sense of safely from all hostile
access to her ports. With a supremacy and dominion in
that sea, which the further possession of the Golden
Hern can even scarcely increase; although doubtless,
she is herself thereby restrained from appearing in the
Archipelago, yet she has hereby secured to herself a
position, of whose advantages it will be always difficult
to deprive her, so long as that article of the treaty is un-
anulled or unmodified. Her fleet in that sea, her best,
and most efficient naval squadrons, stand there in un-
assailable security, ever on the watch for that auspicious
moment, which, by a sudden fait accompli, shall make
her mistress of the long-coveted capital of the Moslem;
and long ere a British Heet from Malta can hasten to
the rescue, the fate of Turkey can have been decided."

Admirably well arranged though these plans may be,
we are inclined to think that they will bear some
resemblance to the dockyard accounts, of which
mention is made in this article, which appear wonder-
fully well on paper, but are found miserably defi-
cient in practice.
"In this direction the political forethought of the
House of Romano N has extended the mesh of its here-

ditary right of succession by its close family alliance
with the house of Holstein-Gottorp."

THE CHURCH.—The vacancy caused by the pro-
motion of the Rev. Henry Hart Milman, Rector of
St. Margaret's, Westminster, to the Deanery of St.
Paul's, will, it is generally thought, be filled up by
the appointment of the Rev. William Stone, Rector
of Spitalfields, and formerly Fellow of Brazennose
College, Oxford. Besides being the clergyman of
one of our most important metropolitan parishes, Mr.
Stone has for many years taken an active part in all
the great social measures affecting the condition of the
poor. We believe that the Rev. Gentleman is of
Liberal principles, but we do not recollect any in-
stance in which he has prominently distinguished
himself as a politician.
A POEM ON HUNGARY. —An ingenious and
graceful little poem, entitled "Russia and Hungary,
or the Triumph and Downfal of Tyranny," written
by Mr. John Newton, of Cheltenham, has recently
been published, the proceeds of the publication being
intended to swell the amount of the Hungarian Tes-
timonial. Apart from the generous intention of the
author, the effusion is not undeserving the regard of
those who symrathise in the heroism and misfortunes
of the illustrious Kossuth and his compatriots.
Penned very fluently in the Spenserian stanza, the
poem is replete with evidences of the earnestness with
which Mr. Newton has observed the progress of that
memorable struggle which was only
_broeourght to a
calamitous termination by the treason ofGgeY and
the overwhelming forces of the RussianAutm Autocrat.
Appended to this humane productionn is thethe graves magnifi-
cent of
cent prayer offered up by Kossuth on
his countrymen at Kapolna—a document which
cannot fail to enhance the value of the pamphlet in
the estimation of its purchasers.
LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.—The Royal mail steam-
ship America, Captain ilarriaon, sailed from the Mersey
this morning for Halifax and New York, carrying out
the usual North American mails and a full complement
of passengers. The steam-ship Caledonia, Captain
Leitch, siith the mails from Boston and Halifax of the
24th and 26th ult. respectively, will be due here on Tues-
day (to-morrow),
By the death of the Earl of Albemarle the following
horses are disqualified fur races in 1850:—John o'Groat,
for 50 sous. Stakes in the Craven Meeting; Borneo and
Eugenie, fur the four yrs old Triennial Stakes at Ascot;
Borneo, Eugenie, Diana, and Grasshopper, for the
four yrs old Triennial at Newmarket. Bolingbroke's
engagements being in the name of his trainer, Mr. Win.
Edwards, stand goud.
Many adorn the tombs of those whom, living, they
persecuted With euvle—Elixo 02A'; Journal.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Su; --Having observed Professor
.111w/watt's !re-
marks upon the rumoured adulteration of tobacco, of
which I confess I know nothing more than that I am
firmly convinced the matter is immensely magnified
by the Excise authorities, and that many a respectable
man has been put to unnecessary expense through
the difficulty existing of coming to a definite opinion
as regards the presence of sugar in manufactured
tobacco; indeed, one remark in your journal of the
Ist instant, and made by Professor Aluspratt him-
self, is sufficiently conclusive that the matter cannot
be tested in all cases so conclusively as justice de-
mands. Professor Aluspratt states that he first sub-
mitted some tobacco " that had a sweet smell" to the
capreous test, and that the result was the presence of
sugar. No doubt in this the gentleman is correct, but
is he correct in his after remark, that he then tested a
cigar, " which only left faint indications of the
presence of sugar." Was there any indication at all?
If so, I have not the least hesitation in stating that
the cigar was either manufactured expressly for the
purpose, or that the sugar was produced from the
tobacco itself. In my humble opinion the latter is
most likely, as the tobacco plant is as likely to, and (I
believe does) contain saccharine matter as well as
others. Aly object in writing this letter is not to
deny the fact that some houses in the tobacco trade
are guilty of malpractices, but having been in one
branch of the trade myself, viz., cigar manufacturer
for the last fourteen years, and knowing many of the
tobacco manufacturers, several instance of oppression
have come under my notice, in Leeds in particular;
therefore it behoves the Excise authorities to be cer-
tain in future ere they oppress innocent persons, who
have but little chance of contending against their
power.
As I before stated, the tests resorted to are not con-
clusive as regards adulteration in tobacco, for lam
certain that no person would be stupid enough to put
sugar with tobacco they were going to make up into
cigars, as it would be certain ruin for the best sort
that could be made; hence it is that the professor,
finding sugar in both tobacco and cigar, it must have
existed to a certain extent in the material itself.

A great impression exists that the tobacco and
cigar trade is one and the same thing; so it is, as
regards the name ; but let it be borne i❑ mind that
the tobacco leaf used in one instance is as different as
day from night to that used in the other, and that
the process of manufacture is equally as wide apart;
so much so, that a person may be all his life engaged
in the one and not have the slightest knowledge of the
other.

Apologising for thus obtruding myself upon your
notice, I conclude with boldly asserting that no
cigars are adulterated, as in this form it could not be
disguised.

I remain, Sir, yours respectfully,
London, Nov. 3, 1849. B. C. I.

ANOTHER CASE OF PREMATURE INTERMENT.—The
Paris papers relate a case of premature interment which
lately occurred in the department of La llayenne. A
soldier, who was supposed to have died from an indi-
gestion produced by too copious libations of wine, was
about to be buried in the C. metery. The coffin had
already been lowered into the grave, when a low groan-
ing was heard. Just in time. To raise the coffin and
tear off the lid was the work of au instant, and the
buried-alive was taken out. It is said that the man of
war intends to bring an action against his officious
friends for premature interment.
WORKMAN'S HALL.—At Messrs. Ransome and
May's establishment, Ipswich, the site of a workman's
hall has been determined upon, and the money is now
ready to build it. It will cost about 1,0001. There will
be 40 dormitories fur single men and lads, which will be
. .

let at about Is. 6d. a week, including attendance. There
will be a large room for evening resort, a workman's
drawing-room, a library, and I ead ing-r o our s. The build-
ing will be fitted up with baths. There will be a resi-
dent matron and mistress, a kitchen and a cook. The
privileges of the hall will be available to every workman
upon their establishment, upon paying a subscription of
Is. a quarter; each member will thus not only have a
cheerful room to spend his evenings in, but the oppor-
tunity of obtaining his early breakfast, his dinner, and
Lis cup of tea at a cheap rate.

LEAMINGTON SPA, Nov. 4.—The influx of company
during the last few days has been unusually great, and
among the number several families of distinction, many
of whom have announced their intention of taking up
their abode with us during the winter months. The
arrival-books at the Regent have this week been inscribed
by his Grace the Duke of Bedford, Earl and Countess
of Denbigh, Viscount and Viscountess Fielding, Lord
Charles Russell, Lord Cosmo Russell, Lady Pottinger,
Lord llenry Bentinck, and many other persons of rank.
The Baron de Lyons, Lord Clinton, Lady A. Way, I-lon.
Mr. and Lady Melville, Hon. Mr., Mrs., and the Misses
Lambton, Hon. Mr. Creighton, and Mrs. General Maitland,
are sojourning at the Clarendon. Sir Francis Shuck-
burgh and Miss Shuckburgh, Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Charle-
ville, Colonel and Mrs. Arbuthnot, Mr. and Mrs. Curtis,
Messrs. Philipson, Tumour, Stanley, and Graham, have
taken up their abode at the Bedford. Lady Toll( mache
and Miss Lyster, Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Cornet, Colonel
and Miss Campbell, Rev. IL S. John Howard, Messrs.
Coke, Villiers, Chisholm, &c., &c„ are also atuong our
general arrivals. Madame Sontag's morning concert on
Friday, at which Signor Calaolari, F. Lablache, B. Iletti,
and M. Thalberg assisted, was brilliantly attended. Mr.
snd Mrs. Chas. Kean, at the thtatre cn Saturday night,
met with a very flattering reception by a fashionable
audience.

PRUSSIAN SOLDIFRS.--A horrible execution took
place on the frontiers of France last week. Three
Prussian soldiers were coederpried to death for refusing
to fire en the people. 'Three cellos were placed beside
them. One wan was shot, thrust into the cot/in, and
buried before he was dead. The next was then shot,
half dead with horror. The third was so far from being
dead when in his coffin, that ho broke off the lid when
placed in the gr. und. .His vvVe and four children were
withi❑ a huudred yards of this awful scene of ferocity.
THE ISLAND OF ItIADAGASCALL.--It will not be
forgotten that Vice-Admiral Dacres, when commander-
in-chief at the Cape, about two years since, proceeded to
Madagascar to endeavour to re,tore lrieudly relations
between Great Britain and the Queen of that island, but
that he failed in his mission in consequence of the ex-
traordinary demand of the head of Captain Kelly, of her
Majesty's ship Conway (who had a short time previ-
ously chastised the barbarian:), end some thousands of
dollars as a" peace otlering." By recent intelligence
from the island, we hear the important tact of the death
of Ranavaln Marigaeka, Queen of Madagascar. This
event, there is reason to hope, will put an end to the dif-
ficulties which had hitherto existed, as her son, who
succeeds to the throne, is a Christian, and likely to
pursue a more liberal and more tolerant policy than that
followed by his mother, of whom Englind and France
had so much reason to complain. The French, however,
appear to have some work on their hands in that quarter,
fur a alauritius paper of the 6th of August state, that
the Sacklaves bud made an irruption into the French
possession of Nossi-Li, killed almost the whole of the
garrison, and forced the inhabitants to take refuge on
board the vessels in the roadstead. The French vessels
on the station were concentrating in order to take ven-
geance for this attack.

THE BANK Or ENGLAND—EXTENSIVE IMPROVE-
MENTS.— In cons quence of the great increase of busi-
ness in the private banking department of the Bank of
England, consideiable alterations and improvements are
now being carried into effect in the interior of the build-
ing for the accommodation of the numerous clerks,
which will be complete in the course of a few days.
The site on which this office is erected is on the south side
of the Bank, adjoining the west wing. It is about 138
feet in length, 46 feet in depth, and 45 feet in height,
with a root in the form of a dome, in which are four
skylights; lofty fluted columns at either end, with
ornamented pilasters. A kitchen will also be c.nstructed,
for the purpose of providing dinner and refreshment for
the clerks who will have their meals in the establish-
ment. A new accountant office is to be built, as the
area to be occupied by the private banking department
was formerly that in which the accountant office stood.—
Weehly Chronicle.

THE EARL OF GUILFORD AND THE ST. CROSS
HOSPITAL,—The Right Honourable and Reverend Earl
of Guildford has announced his intention of resigning the
living of St. Mary's, Southampton, estimated to be
worth between 2,0001. and 3,000/. a year. It appears
also that in prosecuting an investigation into the abuses
of St. Cross Hospital at Winchester, of which the Earl
of Guildford is master, some informality has been dis-
covered as to the appointment of the Earl to that office,
and it is not improbable that he will Lave to refund the
vast sums which he has received from the revenues of the
hospital.
THE NEw CANON OF WESTMINSTER. —We have
much pleasure in stating that the Rev. William Cure-
ton, of the British Museum, has been nominated to the
Canonry of Westminster, vacant by the promotion of
Mr. Milman to the deanery of St. Paul's. Mr. Cureten
is well known, not only in this country but on the Con-
tinent, as one of the first Oriental scholars of the day,
and is the same gentleman of whom we recently an-
mnned that he had received from the King of Prussia
the Prussian gold medal of the Order of Merit, as a
token of the high appreciation in which the King held
Mr. Curet= for his recent edition of the " Ignatiart
Epistles."
MINISTERIAL MOVEN' iscount and Vis-
countess Palmerston are expected
dad) on a visit to her to-morrow (this
Majcsty at Windsor, where they
will remain till Wednestlay. Earl Grey is expected in
town on Monday, in order to be able to attend the
Council on Tuesdsy. Lordship will be present at
the Lord Mayor's inant;uratien dinner ou Friday next,
the 94). of November. Lord Paltnex sten will els° be
present. Sir George Grey is expected to arrive in town
before Friday, and will attend the dinner at Guildhall
on Lord Mayor's-day. Lord John Russell and several
members of the Government will be present at the City
festivities. At the Council on Tuesday, at Windsor,
Count Colloredo will take leave on his return to Vienna,
where it is not unlikely that he will be called upon to
take part in the Government of the Austrian Empire.
The Turkish Envoy and the Russian Ambassador
visited Lord Eddisbury at the Foreign. office yesterday.
—Observer.

MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN.—Ws company took
possession of the lauds in this county through which the
extension line to Galway will pass, in consequence of
which considerable employment will be given to the la-
bouring population of the district. We have heard,
upon the authority of one who ought to form a tolerably
exact estimate of such things, that the expense of
throwing a bridge across the Shannon at Athlone will
rominat tC) upwards of 40,0001,.. Westnteatis Guardian.