The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-18 00:00:00

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OCTOBER 18,
1849.
N°.17,805.] LONDON, THURSDAY rar
v E G

SEA, FIRE, LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Offices,
31, CORN-HILL, LONDON.
Empowered by Act of Pariament.
Ca ,ltal 0,000
En Shares of Twenty Shillings
each, to be paid in full on Allotment
DIRECTORS.
Eresvell Gwyn, Esq., M.P. George He'more, Esq.
John Bennet, Eqi. S!r William Ogilvie, Bart.
Thomas Bunting, Frederick A. Peel, Esq.
Alexander D, Esq. W. Yates Peel, Esq.
John Kellaml Dora it, E.q. John Wrefcrd, Esq.
Augustus Co:lingridge, Esq., Managing Director.
AUDITORS.
I Henry W00d,,, Esq.
Samuel Henry Ranger, E.,q.
MEDICAL REFEREES:
PHYSICIAN.
James Ridson Bennett, Esq., M,1).,24, Finsbury-place North.
SURGEONS.
John Fisher Goude Esq , M.R.O S., 83, Cheapside.
Matthew French Wagstaffe, Esq., 10, Walcot-place, Wes
Lambe,ll.
BANKERS.
Messrs. Currie and Co., 29, Cornhill.
Commercial Rank of London, Lothbury.
SOLICITOR.
John Chapple, Esq., 70A, Aldermanbury.
MARINE DEPARTMENT.
UNDERWRITER.
Mr. John Powis, Member of Lloyd's.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.
ACTUARY.
Mr. Alfred Burt.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
SUPERINTENDENT.
Mr. John Nelson.
SURVEYOR,
George Moody Longtnore, Esq.
BROKERS.
John 11. Golding, Esq., Warnford-court, London.
Thomas Bayley, Esq., Warnford-court, London.
Messrs. Turner, Brothers, Throgmortou-street, London

henry Rogers, E-q.
Ebenezer Eoper, Esq.

ISTINGISISHING FEATURES.
I. Exemption of SharD
eholders from all Liability.
2. The Right of Transfer at Will.
3. Periodical Division of Profits.
4, Five per Cent. Interest Guaranteed (irrespective of further Divi-
dends) upon the paid-up Capital.
5. Yearly Audits of Accounts by Auditors exclusively chosen by the
Propri ,t ors .
G. Life Policies INDISPUTABLE and free of Stamp-duty to the As-
sured.
Applications fer the remaining unallotted Shares, and on the sub-
jact of MARINE, FIRE, and LIFE ASSURANCES to be addressed
to the Agents of the Society; or to the Head Office as above.
AUG. COLLINGRILME, Managing Director.

THE CATHOLIC LAW and GENERAL
LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY.
No, 8, New Coventry-street, Leicester-square, London.
TRUSTEES.
The Right Rev. Nicholas Wiseman, D.D., 35, Golden-square.
The Right Rev. William Morris, D.D., Acton, Middlesex.
The Right Hon. the Lord Stafford, Cossey Hall, Norfolk.
nir Henry Paston Bedinglield, Bart., Oxburgh, Norfolk.
Sir Richard Jenkins, G.C.8., Director of the Hon. the East India
Company.
Thomas Barnewell, Esq., 15, jerk-terrace, Regent's-park,
Thomas Eyre, Esq., 62, Pulteney-street, Bath.
James Marshall, Esq„ 24, Carlton Villas, Maida-11111.
DI/LECTORS.
The-Right Rev. William Morris, D.D., Acton, Middlesex—Chairman.
341chael Forristall, Esq., 13, West-square, Southwark—Deputy
Chairman and Managing Director.
Sir Richard Jenkins, G.C.8., Director of the Hon. the East India
Company, and of the London Joint Stock Bank.
Rev. Thomas Doyle, D.D., London-road, Southwark.
Edmond Beales, Esq., Carlton Villas, Maids-hill.
Henry Clark Duppa, Esq., Malmain-hall, Stoke, near Rochester.
George Drew, Esq., Streatham, Surrey.
James Marshall, Esq., 24, Carlton Villas, Maida-hill.
alcrusay —William Henry Archer, Esq.
SECRETARY—WiIIiaM NO/Tis, ESQ.
Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every Information promptly
forwarded en application to the Actuary or Secretary, at the Office,
8, New Coventry-street, Leicester-square, London.

IV HITE HART HOTEL, LEICESTER
A report having ben freely circulated that this Hotel has
been closed within the last fortnight, no doubt with the intention of
injuring Its trade, the Executor?, acting under the Will of the late
Mr. Waghorn, beg to inform those gentlemen who have kindly pa-
tronised the Hotel for so many years, and the public generally, that
such is not the fact, but that it is carried on in exactly the same
wanner as heretofore.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET.
Dissolving 'news, ef Rome.—Lecture and Experiments, with the
Hydro-Electric Machine.—Lectures on Chemistry—Exhibition of the
Oxy-hydrogen Microscope.—Diver and Diving-bell.—The Chroma-
trope.—Explanations of Models and Machinery.
Open daily from Eleven to Five ; and in the Evenings (except
i iturday) from Seven till Half-past Ten.
Admission. Is.—Schools, Half-price.—The New Catalogue. le.

TO TAILORS and DRAPERS.—An eligible
opportunity now offers to any one with moderate capital de-
sirous of commencing either of the above trades in one of the chief
provincial cities. An income of 2,0001. per annum has been cleared
up to the decease of the recent proprietor, and which could be easily
and considerably increased by an energetic man of business. There
will go with it an agency for the sale of NICOLL'S PALETOTS, and
other patented goods, rnanteactured exclusively by Messrs. lac°lls,
114, 11G, 120, Regent-street, and 22, Cornhill, London.
For full particulars personal apdlication should be made at the
counting-house department of the above firm, between the hours of
Eleven and One. .

A NOVELTY for the approaching season is in
ilk preparation to which a distinguishing name has not yet been
given, but which the inventors, Messrs. NICOLL, can recommend
as one of the most useful, warm, comfortable, and graceful art'cles
of gentlemanly attire ever produced. Specimens can be seen at 114,
116, and 120, Regent•street, and 22, Cornhill, as also THE TREBLE
Garment, or PALETOT, called THE NICOLL, which retains all the
characteristics of the famed Paletot (registered 6 and 7 Vic., cap. 65)
is its exterior, and has the additional advantages of being convertible
from a warm to a light Overcoat, or vice versa, at the pleasure of
the wearer, or as the mild or cold nature of the weather may re-
quire. This garment must be seen and worn to be properly appre-
ciated ; it will be found, perhaps, the best preservative of health in
this variable climate. THE NICOLL has been secured by Royal
Letters Patent in ENGLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND, and the
COLONIES ; it can, therefore, only be purchased in the country, or
abroad, of Messrs NICOLL'S (the patentees) recognised AGENT.:,
and in LONDON only of themselves, viz., at 114, 116, 120,
REGENT-STREET,. and 22. CORNIIILL.

,HE NICOLL PALETOT (Regd. 6 and 7
Viet., cap. 65) WAREROOMS, 114, 116, 120, REGENT-
STREET. and 22, CORNIIILL.
Also for Nicoll's Morning Coat, now in almost universal request
for the Country, Riding. Walking, Seaside, &c. Shooting Jackets
adapted for the Moors, &c.
Many have assumed the use of the word PALETOT, but Messrs.
NICOLL are the sole Patentees of the design and material.

31E SSR S. NICOLL'S Wholesale and Counting
House Departments for the London Branches in the Ship-
ping and Woollen Trades aro in CHANGE-ALLEY, CORNHILL,
and 120, REGENT-STREET.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA. and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops,
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad,
and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious sauce is the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 6, Vere-street, Oxford-
dreet, London, and 6E, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs.
iiiarelay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen
aid Merchants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in
sauce.

N.B. To guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA
and PERRIN'S" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle.

ALDGATE'S
AIR —" Auld Lang Syne."
Should Moses' Warehouse be forgot,
Or ever set aside?
Shall Moses' Warehouse be forgot.
Which stands as Aldgate's pride ?

PRIDE

Chorus.
With Aldgate's pride, my friends,
With Aldgate's pride,
I'll strike some tidy bargains, yet,
With Aldgate's pride.
At Moses' Mart I oft have been
With famous dress supplied ;
Ind not a Dress•mart have I found
Like Alagate's pride.
With Aidgate's pride, &c,

I wonder not that Moses' fame
Is spreading far and wide ;
Since such superior dress is sold
At Aldgate's pride.
• With Aldgate's pride, &c.
Co seek the Mart, my worthy friends,
Where I have often hied ;
And you'll get a right good winter suit
At Aldgate's pride.
With Aldgate's pride,, &c.
Yes, surely they'll supply you well,
As surely I'm supplied
And we'll strike some t.dy bargains, yet,
With Aldgate's pride.
With Aldgate's pride, &c.
LIST OF pItICESI.
READY lUDs.
Autumn and Winter Over Coats, in every
style .
The Bulwer, handsomely and warmly trimmed 0 18 0
The Paletot, ditto.— ...... 018 0
Chesterfield, ditt0......... 1 0 0
The Albert Wrapper, a very handsome style
of Over Coat .••• • • . •••• •• • 1 5 0
Shooting Coats ••••• • • • .•
Lounging or Morning Coats .......• .. • •
Autumn and Winter Trousers, in Tweed ...• 0 4 6
Ditto ditto Doeskin ~ 0 7 6
Ditto 'Vests .. ••..• • • • 0 2 6
Black Silk Velvet Ve5t5......... ..... 0 13 6
Dress Coats .......... ....... ....... •• • • 017 0
Frock Ditto .......... •..••..• • • • .1
Youths and Boys' Over Coats, in every style,
from ...... ...............
Hussar and Tunic Suits • • 0 14 6
Boys' Autumn and Winter Vests ...... 0 0 8
MADE TO MEASURE.
Men's Autumn and Winter Over Coats.. from 1 1
The Chesterfield Wrapper, in a warm ma-
terial, lined •• .... •••• • . 18 0
warmly The Paletot, handsomely and trimmed 1 16 0
elagant style of
The Eglinton Wrapper, a very
.... ...• 2 0 0
The Strathmore Witney Oyer Coat, •
newest
style, lined throughout ••• • • • 2
Autumn and Winter Trowsers, in Tweed and 10 0
••0 10 6
Best Black Cassirnere ditto ••.• .• 1 6 II Autumn and Winter Vests ........ •
.. 0 8 6
Best Black Cloth ditto .......• •• ••
•• • • .... • • e 13
Black Silk Velvet ditto .• •.. ..• • • ... 0 18 6
~ Dress Coats... ..... •
...• • • from 325. to 2 lli 0
Frock ........ •••• • • • • ••from 85s. to 3 3 0
Hussar and Tunic 5u1t5........ ••• • • • „from 1 0
Superfine •••••• • • • • - •• • • •••••••• • • • • • • • 1 15 0
Men's Shooting Coat ••••• • • • • • 0 15 0
Elegant Dressing Robes, in great variety,
from •• • •
A Large Stock of Fur Coats, in every shape, from 60s. to 201.
Naval and Military Uniforms, Liveries, &c.
idollrning to any extent at Five Minutes' notice.
A Suit of Mourning complete for 11. 10s.
The new book, entitled the "Great Fact," with fill directions
or Self-measurement, can be had on application, or forwarded, post
roe, to any part of the kingdom.
Notice—The Shawl and Parasol Department are now replete with
every novelty of the season.
Observe—Any article purchased, either ready made, or made to
measure, if not approved of will be exchanged, or the money returned.
E. MOSES and SON, Tailors, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, Hatters,
Resters, Furriers, Boot and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters, 154,
155, 156, and 157 Minories, and 83, 84, 85, and 86 Aldgate, City,
Lc:orlon ; all communicating with each other, and forming one vast
Establishment.
Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret having to guard the public
against imposition ; but having heard that the untradesmanlike
falsehood of being connected with them, or " It is the same concern,"
has keen resorted to in many instances, and fer obvieus reasons,
hey beg to state that they have no connexion with any other hoists
in or out of London, except their Branch Establishments, 36, Far-
gate, Sheffield ; and 19, Thornton's-buildings, Bradford, Yorkshire ;
Sad those who require cheap and genuine clothing, &a., should call
at or send to the Minories and Aldgate, City, London ; or either of
the Branch Establishments, as above.
Take Notice,_This Establishment is IloSed fern sunset Friday,
tQ moot laturdarjwina bons L 1 rogamo4 UU twolTe 9'slock.

THE BEST AND CHEAPEST ATLAS EVER PUBLISHED.
Now publishing, in Parts, price Is. and 35., TALLis's Imperial copy-
right tof
HE ILLUSTRATEDEdition
ATLAS, and Modern
History of the World, Geographical, Political Commercial,
and Statistical. Edited by R. MONTGOMERY MARTIN,, Author of the
History of the British Colonies, &c., &c.
The MAPS are drawn and engraved by J. Rapids, from Gavern-
ment and other authenticated sources, including all new boundaries,
discoveries, and lines of Railways, of which accounts have been re-
ce:ved in London up to the time of going to press.
Each Is. Part contains two finely coloured Maps, with descriptive
letter-press.
" We can confidently recommend it, not only for its surpassing
cheapness, but for its merits."—Rent's Literary Advertiser.
Published by J. and F. Tails, London and New York.

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in three vo:s.
MRS. ELLIS'S NEW WORK: HEARTS
AND HOMES. An elegant and app:.opriata Marriage cr
Birth-day present.
Will at once command the interest of the reader."—Atlas.
" Its style is unassuming, graceful, and fluent."—Dispatch.
" The scenes are always effective and striking."—M. Advert:ser.
J. and F. Tallis, 100, St. John-street.

NEW WORK, by the Author of " JANE EYRE."
On the
It S
31st instant will be publ,shed, in 3 vols. post Bvo.
A TALE. L
By CURRER BELL,
Author of " Jane Eyre."
Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhill.

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LONDON and NORTH - WESTERN
RAILWAY.
MILK TRAFFIC.
(Circular.)
The Lcndon and North-Western Company now convey Milk hone Northampton, Aylesbury, and intermediate Stations to London, by
Passenger Trains, at the undermentioned Rates:—
Willesden, Bushey, Berkhampatead,
dbury, Watfor,,, Tring,
Harrow, Langley,
Pinner, Boxmoor,
Under sine Gallons, 9d. ; aLoye, LI. per Gallon.
Cheddington, Woburn, Roade,
Aylesbury, Ridgmount, Bliswcrth,
Leighton, Lidlington, Northampton,
Dunstable, Ampthill, Weedon,
Bletchley, Redford, Crick,
Stratford, Wolverton, Rugby,
Under Nine Gallons, Is.; above I%il. per Gallon.
The fol!owing a-e the conditions upon which the Company undo..
take the daily conveyance of Milk;—
Each filled Can will be subjected to the usual charge of 2d. for
booking. • The empty Cans will be returned free of charge.
The Cans mast be very legibly stamped with the name of the
Station from whence they may be dispatched, in order to facilitate
the delivery on their return. The consignments of the filled Cans
must also be distinctly marked, and it is recommended tkat the
tallies, or address labels, be composed of wood or metal.
The Company will not undertake either the collection or delivery;
neither will they be responsible for any detention arising from acci-
dental delay to their trains,

If requisite, the servants of the senders and consignees will be
expected to assist in the loading and unloading.
The Milk will be conveyed by all, except Express Trains, from any
of the Stations at which the} may be advertised to stop.
By order, MARK
General Manager's Office, Euston .square, October, 1849.

MORTGAGE LOANS.
LANCASHIRE and YORKSHIRE RAILWAY
COMPANY,
The Directors of this Company are prepared to receive TENDERS
:or LOANS on Mortgage, for periods of Thres, Five, or Seven years,
for which interest at the rate of four-and-a-half per cent. per annum
will be allowed, payable half-yearly.
Further particulars may be known on application to the under-
signed. S. WM. BULTEEL, Treasurer.

CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY.
LOANS ON DEBENTURES.
The Directors of this Company are prepared to receive (under the
powers of their Act of Parliament) Tenders for Loans of Money en
security of Debentures, bearing interest at the rate of Five per Cent.
per Annum, the Interest payable half-yearly, viz., 10th January and
10th July.

Tenders, stating amount and term of years for which it is pro-
posed to be Lent, to be addressed to the Secretary, Euston Station,
London.

By order,
ANDREW G. GIFFORD, Secretary.
Easton Station, October 1, 1849.

A FASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.
NEWMARKET RACES.--HOUGHTON 31EETING.
In addition to the ordinary Trains, Special Trains will leave Lon-
don for Newmarket at Half-past Eight a.m. on the 22d and 23d inst.,
and return from Newmarket at a Quarter to Six P.M. each evening.
On SATURDAY, 20th inst., the 2.30 r.m. Train from London will
be continued on to Newmarket, and will convey Private Carriages
and horses.
A SPECIAL TRAIN will leave Newmarket for London at a
Quarter past Five P.M. on Saturday, 27th inst.
Bishopsgate Station, October 17, 1849.

A Ii It I A G E.
M One half the world are desolately single, and the other
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
q:tter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
xmoprosing hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
end broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
and social content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour andinstice demand that health should form an item
in the compact ; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes or
seglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Header, if
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
lIEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. In 2 vols., is.
each (b ost, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively refined, er prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered oy mialnterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
then. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but for the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
tozether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
dale publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
by cost is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
avoid," and " How to be Happy." They ere not merely
pamp :lets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
'ife who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
serv.toca of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
wot..a 'se done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
4herwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvaiho, 147, Fleet-street • Mann,
39, Corwin'; Spokes, 5, Holborn hill ; or direct (by post or other-
wi.e) trona the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings end evenings), 10, Argyll-Owe Regent-street; and all
Booksellers.

WINDING UP OF JOINT-STOCK
COMPANIES.
On Tuesday last petitions were presented to the
Lord Chancellor and the Masters in Chancery, pray-
ing for orders absolute that the Kilbricken Silver
Lead Mining Company, and the Tontine Life As-
surance Company, may be wound up under the pro-
♦isions of the Joint-Stock Companies Act. The first
is on the petition of Henry Crockford, of Queens-
; ferry, in the county of Flint, holding 650 shares in
the Kilbricken Mining Company, and who states that
' in 1846 several persons resident in England formed
themselves into an association for working these
mines, which are situated near Ennis, in the county
of Clare. The proposed capital was 13,000 i., in
1,300 shares of 101. each, to be paid by two deposits
of 5/. The company, which was managed by a QOM-
mittee of three, was established in King-street, St.
James's; and it was proposed, without any deed •f
partnership being ez.cuted, to work the undertaking
on what is called " the cost-book" system, as it exists
in Cornwall. The two deposits of Si. per share were
duly paid by all the shareholders; but soon afterwards
it was discovered that no company, unless formed for
working mines in the county of Cornwall, can be
carried on under what is termed the " cost-book"
system, and, consequently, the Kilbricken Mining
Company never was and never could be so carried on,
the mines being situated in Ireland, where the Court of
Stannaries has no jurisdiction. Subsequently two fur-
ther calls, one of 108., and the other of 11. per share,were
made, but not being paid, affairs became embarrassed.
New shares were issued with the intention of trying
some other sytem of working, but the conclusion was
come to, that it was useless to proceed further, as the
liabilities exceeded 2,2001., including judgments
against the company for 700/. The lease, assets, and
materials of the mine were to be sold in April last,
but they failed to realise sufficient to pay off the lia •
bilities, and the debts still outstanding amount to
5001. The petition for winding up the Tontine Life
Assurance is from S. Dee, of the Tower. It was
provisionally registered in IS4Q, with a proposed
capital of 400,0001. in 20,000 shares of 201. each,
with power to increase the capital to 2,000,0001.
Offices were taken in Pall-mall, and the first deposits
were paid, but many of the shareholders did not pay
the first subscription of 11 per share. After carry-
ing on the business of granting policies, the directors
on the 17th of August last, came to a resolution,
without calling the shareholders together, to dissolve
the company, intimating that they had transferred all
the business to the Engineers and Masonic Life As-
surance Company, in the Strand, and that the out-
standing 11. per share " must" be paid to avoid legal
expenses. The outstanding liabilities are esti-
mated at 1,500/., and the directors state that the
sums due to the company on the a. deposit and
loans amount to 2,0001., which would " leave a sur-
plus of 1,400/., which might be returnable to the
shareholders in the event of a prompt payment." The
petitioner states his belief that two of the Tontine po-
licies, one for 400/. and another for 100/., have lately
become due, but that no provision has been made for
their payment.

THE NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE, " THE MAID
OF ORLEANS," by the Author of " Whitefriars," " Owen
Tudor," Esc., is published this day by Mr. Colburn, and
may now be had at all the libraries. Also, 2. Ernest
Vane, by Alexander Baillie Cochrane, M.P.-3. The
Old World and the New, by Mrs. Trollope.-4. The
Fortunes of Woman, Edited by Miss Lamont.-5. Bri-
tish Homes and Foreign Wanderings, by Lady Lister
Kaye.-6. The King and the Countess, by S. W. Ful-
ton], Esq.-7. Rockingham ; or, the Younger Brother,
second edition, 3 vols. 8. Mordaunt Hall, by the
Author of " Angela," and " Emilia Wyndham," second
edition.-9. Valeria, by Captain Marryat.
SUDDEN DEATH OF LIEUT. BAETTELOT OF THE
21ST REGIMENT.—We regret to record the demise of
this young officer, which took place yesterday morning,
under circumstances of a very afflicting character. On
Friday, while calling at Banks's Hotel, Union-street,
Lieutenant Barttelot was suddenly seized with an attack
of cholera, and notwithstanding skilful medical assist-
ance, continued to get gradually worse till death termi-
nated his sufferings at an early hour yesterday morning.
His funeral took place in the afternoon, and was at-
tended by a large body of the staff and the officers
and men of the 21st Regiment, which is at present
stationed in the Castle. His remains were interred in
the Dean Cemetery with the usual military ceremonies.
Lieutenant Barttelot had only recently obtaizied his
commission, and was u young officer of great promise.—
Edinburgh Airertiser.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
TIMES.—The present week sees the commence-
ment of the academical session in our two ancient
universities, and will send some eight or nine hun-
dred freshmen to encounter the various chances of
college life, and the proverbial perils of college debt.
These perils are not wholly imaginary, but so much
misconception exists on the subject, notwithstanding
its recent notoriety, that we may be doing some
public service by supplying the materiels for the
formation of more correct opinions. There are four
parties whose positions are to be considered in a
sensible review of the question—the college authori-
ties, the university tradesmen, the parents of the
undergraduates, and the undergraduates themselves.
It is in the habits of this last class alone that the
main source of the evil lies, and it is here alone that
a remedy can be effectually applied. At the outset
we should observe, that we do not admit the existence
of evil to any such extent as has ,been sometimes
described. It is not true that any considerable
proportion of students seriously injure either
themselves or their families by extravagant ex-
penditure during their academical career—such
tales are mere idle exaggerations ; but it is true, we
think, that in ninety cases out of a hundred expenses
are incurred in some degree incommensurate
with the means of the student's family, and wholly
uncalled for by the actual circumstances of his phi-
tion. We do not mean that all young men are at this
particular period of their lives extravagant, or that
they are even induced to be so by example; but there
is undoubtedly perpetuated, at each of the universi-
ties, a kind of traditional spirit, which is taken to I
warrant a certain extraordinary expenditure. There
is really nothing whatever, as we shall presently
observe, in the contingencies of a college education,
to justify this presumption, but it is nevertheless
almost universally conceived, that when a man gets to
Oxford or Cambridge the supplies which have hitherto
sufficed for his needs will suffice no longer. It seems
almost imagined that he is pushed up one step in
society, and that for the three next years of his
life he must comport himself as if his position were
something superior to what it really is. This
feeling is not altogether without its value, but it
conduces in almost every case to some needless ex-
pense, and, in its excess, involves the serious em-
barrassments complained of. There is no earthly
reason why a man should spend more in Uxford and
Cambridge than in Worcester or Huntingdon ; on
the contrary, there are many reasons why he should
spend less; but, either because in the equality and
fraternity of academic life a few individuals of rank
and wealth more readily give the tone to the whole,
or because the traditional institutions of the place
generate and encourage the idea, it is certain that
even the most economically-minded do incur ex-
penses here which they would not incur elsewhere.
These are not often, in particular details, either large
or culpable, but the aggregate is beyond what it
should or might be. Nor are the parents and fami-
lies of the young men always unimplicated in these
results. There is oftentimes a kind of pride enter-
tained in the figure which the son or brother is
making at the university, and if the cost of the
display is but confined to reasonable limits, we are
inclined to think that it is seldom taken with a very
bad grace. The worst part of all this is that particular
feature of the system which naturalizes the idea and
practice of debt. It is held to be an ordinary and
almost legitimate incident of a collegiate education,
that at its close there should remain certain obliga-
tions which are either to be discharged by an imme-
diate sacrifice, or are to be borne through a burdened
and embarrassed life. Credit is thought as available
a currency as money, and necessaries are often pro-
cured by means of the former, while the latter is
reserved for the enjoyments of the day. To show
the strange acceptance which this system has now
secured, we need only quote a few words from the
address of a certain Oxford tradesman recently pub-
lished in defence of himself and his brotherhood. He
puts two or three of what he thinks the most ordinary
cases. " A gentleman on leaving the university has
possibly his bills for the last year or more, or less,
unsettled. Preparations for continental travel take
up all his present means, and he leaves his Oxford
creditors unpaid; or he gets his commission, and his
outfit uses up all his ready money; or a young
clergyman on taking to his living finds that the
wants of his parish require all the resources at his
command, &c." Now, these are not in reality by
any means ordinary cases either at Oxford or Cam-
bridge, but the assumption pervading the whole ar-
gument is that a man has debts and creditor:. to a
greater or less extent, as naturally as he would have
brothers or sisters, and this we suspect, though
less at Cambridge than Oxford, is too often the
case. As to the tradesmen who practise under such
a system, it is wholly preposterous to expect that
they should busy themselves about the means of
bringing it to an end. It is not in human nature
that reforms should be originated in this quarter, and
the outcry occasionally raised against them is alto-
gether unreasonable. They get their bread, like
others, under the conditions in which they find them-
selves. At the same time, it is wholly false to assert
that they are a sworn band of harpies living upon
plunder. They are nothing of the kind. With cer-
tain exceptions, not peculiar to the two universities,
except in the prominence which they have lately ac-
quired, they are, in their own vocations, as respec-
table, and in many cases as respected, as any speci-
mens of their class throughout the kingdom. They
are, of course, habituated to customer's of a peculiar
character—men presumed to possess certain means,
seldom careful of small expenses, not often inqui-
sitive about prices, and more or less inconside-
rate in their orders. Their dealings inevitably
assume 'a corresponding character ; but to assert
that they are dishonest, or that they make their
fortunes by impure gains, would be an unwar-
rantable libel. They sell good articles at a high
price, are accustomed to gifee credit, and to witness
unnecessary expenditure, but the supply must always,
by eternal laws, answer the demand, and we do not
believe that any class of individuals better calculated
to deal with undergraduates could anywhere be
found. Neither are they unconditionally interested
in the maintenance of the present system, for they,
as well as their debtors, frequently suffer. In fact,
we suspect that if the statistics of Oxford and Cam-
bridge trading were compiled, it would not be found
that those who ministered to luxury or extravagance
had been the most fortunate in business. The men
who retire with money are not so much the horse-
dealers, the wine-merchants, the tobacconists, or the
confectioners, as the booksellers, upholsterers, and
grocers, or such tradesmen as have commanded a
large sale of real necessaries at good prices. Alto-
gether, we believe that the, university tradesmen
would be just as willing as any other parties to
receive smaller gains and more regular pay.
It is obvious that a system so grounded and main-
tained as we have described this to be can be no
more changed by any decree of the university au-
thorities, than the social character of the people can
be changed by a Royal proclamation. All that can
be done by the governing bodies of colleges is to
exercise such indirect inilinence as lies in their power,
and to limit and curtail the necessary expenses of a
student. How far this has been done it is in the
power of any person to ascertain for himself. What
we are going to say may excite no little surprise ; but
we speak neither without experience tor information
when we assert that in no single college in Oxford or
Cambridge need the yearly expenses of a student ex-
ceed 1001., and they are often actually brought con-
siderably within this sum by men maintaining in all
respects the character and position of gentlemen.
There are no lodgings in England so cheap (*college
rooms, no dinners in a London clubhouse io cheap
as college dinners, and few lectures at a popular insti-
tute so cheap as college tuition. For 141. a year a
man may have as good rooms as he can possibly need ;
the most expensive set in the college vould probably
not exceed 301. nose of our readers who
have ever taken respectable lodgings in a country
town will know how to estimate these figures. The
charge for tuition, including lectures on every sub-
ject required for the academical degre, is 21. 6s. per
quarter at Cambridge, and 41. 4s. al Oxford, and
every single necessary charge for board, lodging, and
education may be, and often is, brought under M.
a-term. The addition of another 10(1. a year for
personal expenses, is amply sufficient for the wants
of any right-minded student during his academical
career. All above this has reference only !to those
demands to which we alluded at the commencement
of our remarks, and which are sohly chargeable
with the hazards of a college life. the relations,
as they exist at the present day, between tutor
and pupil, preclude any such personal superinten-
dence of the former as could check or guide the per-
sonal expenditure of the latter. The change can
only be radically effected by that revolution in the
general feelings of the mass by which social reforms
are ordinarily brought ab:nt. To promote and en-
courage this feeling is the special duty of parents
themselves • and a parental appeal to the honour of
theirs children on entering the threslold of univer-
sity life would probably save many a thoughtless
youth from destruction. Timely waning may do
something for individuals, common sense may do
more; but the true remedy is only to be looked
for in the correction of that traditional tone of
academical society which now, unfortunately, acts in
the opposite direction.