The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-03 00:00:00

£547 10 0

Interest on clpitml ...
Wear and tear on stock, 9501.-
25 per cent ... •• ••• 237 10 o
Cost of fuel, labour, &c., 255. per day 455 16 o
B l lance, or profit ... ••• ••• 1,498 4 0

Total

£2,737 0 0

By 300 passengers, at 6d. each ... £2,737 0 0
Thus, it appears, that manual power, under the
circumstances stated, would be much more advanta-
geous than horse or steam-power, as the following
comparison exhibits :
By gain with manual-power ... £1,858 15 0
By ditto with horse-power ... 1,477 10 0
By ditto with steam-power 1,498 4 0
I, therefore, think, as far as respects power and
other advantages, manual power is, at least, 50 per
cent. cheaper than horse or steam-power to accom-
plish a given amount of work. lam quite aware, if
there should be traffic sufficient, that steam would do
at least double the Work in the same time, causing
only the addition of about 2d. per mile for fuel. It
will be perceived that the foregoing comparison is
only to show the results of a given quantity of power
to accomplish the same amount of work under the
same circumstances, not as a calculation of profit or
loss of a railway project, although it might form a
basis on which to found an encouraging prospectus.
Now, if manual-power is as cheap, or cheaper, than
horse-power, is it not desirable to employ it, instead
of applying the produce of the land for the support of
horses ?—more especially, where there is a large un-
employed population, as is the present case in Ire-
land, and even in many parts of England and Scotland.
I will conclude by observing, that I think the past
experience in railway making amply confirms the
view I entertain as to the rule that ought to guide
in constructing railways, which may be thus ex-
plained :—Suppose it be deemed desirable to con-
struct either a turnpike-road or a railway over a level
district, of say 12 miles, and imagine the difference
of friction to be eight times in favour of the railway
—viz., that one engine on a railway will do as much
as eight will do on a turnpike-road, then, doubtless,
it would warrant an outlay eight times greater to
effect the railway. Telford estimated the cost of
making a good turnpike-road at 1,0001. per mile, and
to keep it in good repair 501. per ie e annum, the
difference may be thus stated
Turnpike-road.
Cost of turnpike-road
Ditto of eight engines—say

... 12,000
••• 8,000

20,000
Interest on 12,000/.
Wear and tear of engines-25 p. et. ... 2,000
Repair of road ..• 600
Four enginern en... 300

Railway.

Cost of rail vray— say ...
Ditto of ono engine ...

3,500

... 120,000
... 1,000

Interest ...
Wear and tear of engine

121,000

6,000
250

Annual repair of railway, at la per mile 180
Two enginemen •. • ••• ••• 150

6,580
It will be seen I have allowed a double set of en-
ginemen for the turnpike road, who will have to go
four times each oftener than the railway, which, I
presume, would be a greater public accommodation.
By the foregoing it appears, admitting both roads to
be level, that the difference in favour of the turnpike
road is. nearly 100 per cent., which, I imagine, will
most amply compensate for the ordinary undulations
of turnpike roads, and that, therefore, from 10,0001.
to 12,0001. per mile is the prudent limit for the cost
of ordinary railways ; otherwise the time may come,
and I think will come, when steam on common roads
will successfully compete with railways that may
have cost from two to four times that amount.
Entertaining these views ten years ago, I did all in
my power to prevent lavish expenditure on the Bristol
and Exeter Railway, but so spell-bound were the di-
rectors and shareholders, that my exertions were but
little heeded; though I believe 1 was a great means of
saving them many ten's of thousands, at a sacrifice of
much time and many hundreds of pounds, which the
contractor for the works of the line will, and the
directors can, confirm. The original estimate for
that line was 1,250,0001., and which amount, if the
original plan, gradients, &c., had been adopted, might
have been amply sufficient, but which has ended in a
cost of about double that amount, notwithstanding
considerable alterations that were subsequently made
in gradients, &c., after my exertions and statements
were published.

THOMAS MOTLEY, C.E.
Stangate, Lambeth, Bth month, 21.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
WEST DURHAM.
On Friday the annual meeting of the shareholders in
this company was held at Darlington. Mr. N. Plows,
the chairman of the board, presided. Among the direc-
tors present was Mr. George Hudson, M.P.
The CsAIRMAN opened the proceedings by reading a
statement of accounts from the mortgagees, which
showed that a considerable reduction was made annually
in the liabilities of the company, and that upwards of
50,0001. was now in the hands of the receiver to be ap-,
plied to the benefit of the public.
Mr. ALLISON moved that a committee of shareholders
be appointed for the purpOse of investigating the accounts '
and transactions of the mortgagees of the company,
three of those shareholders to forin a quorum. That
the committee consist of Messrs. Abbot, Middleton,
Murray, and Thompson, and that they report the result
of the investigation to an adjourned meeting to be held
on the 26th of October.
Mr. Baows, seconded the motion, which was carried.
Mr. ALLIsom observed that it would be necessary for
the committee to have access to the books of the com-
pany, and that authority should be given to them fur
that purpose.
The Casten:4LN said the committee would have no
difficulty in that respect, for everything would be
placed at their disposal.
Mr. ALLISON then moved that the committee now ap-
pointed should have power to call for and examine all
books, vouchers, papers, and documents relating to the
company's affairs:
Some other business having been transacted, and
several questions having been asked and satisfactorily
answered by the chairman, the meeting closed with a
motion by Mr. Abbot that the meeting be adjourned
until October 26.

LOWESTOFT HARBOUR AND RAILWAY
COMPANY.

On Tuesday the half-yearly meeting of the share-
holders in this company was held at their offices at
Lowestoft; Major Tyndale presided; and among; those
present were T. Morse, Esq.. James Peto, Esq., J. 0.
Taylor, Esq , IL Bolingbroke, Esq., R. Till, Esq., and
other gentlemen.
Mr. TILL having read the advertisement convening
the meeting, the chairman affixed the seal of the com-
pany to the register of shareholders.
The CHAIRMAN then said there was no report of the
directors on this occasion, and the traffic accounts were
made out by the Eastern Counties Company. The works
of the harbour were progressing slowly; they were now
under the direction of the Norfolk Company. and they
would be so till they were completed. Last year they
were under the direction of the Eastern Counties Com-
pany. At the previous meeting, some of the proprietors
wished an application to be made to the Eastern Counties
Company for a free pass to attend these meetings. That
application had been made, and the Eastern Counties
Company, acting, he supposed, on the principle they
had adopted, declined to grant it. He regretted this ;
but the Eastern Counties Company did not mean to pass
their own proprietors free, and they could not, there-
fore, grant the privilege to the Lowestoft shareholders.
Mr. TILL said he had made an application on behalf
of the Norfolk Company, and had received a reply to the
effect that the directors could not comply with the re-
quest.
Mr. BOLINGEROBC said ho had seen an advertisement
stating that the shareholders in the Eastern Counties
Company might have free passes to attend the next
half-yearly meeting on applying for them.
The CHAIRMAN said it would be so this year, but on
no future occasion would they have the passes.
Mr. TILL then read the statement of the accounts as
follows :
ACCOUNTS OF THE LOWESTOFT HARBOUR AND RAILWAY

COMPANY EXPENDITURE TO JUNE 30, 1849.
RAILWAY COMPANY ACCOUNT.
Amount expended to 31st Dec. 1848,

as per statement £139,560 4 1
Further Expenditure to 30th June, 1849:—
Surveying
Parliamentary and law charges . ..
Miscellaneous charged ll 6 0

£140,350 17 3
HARBOUR WORKS ACCOUNT.

Amount expended to the 31st December,

1848, as per statement 163,019 1 8
Further Expenditure to 30th of June, 1849 :
Materials for piers
Salaries
Solicitors' costs 35 16 4
Creosote works
Drainage account . . 492 11 0
Interest to shareholders
Direction
Lowestoft Dispensary
Dredging machinery and coal•lifters 9,075 12 5
Medical attendance

£330,735 13 0
Less salo of materials and sawing timber 11,669 13 10

£319,065 19 2

Receipts to June 30, 1849:
Amount received on calls and loans to
Dec. 31, 1848
Advanced by Easter❑ CountiesCornpany 12,029 15 8
Farther receipts to June 30, 1849:
Arrears on old shares 142 5 0

New 6 per cent 246 0 0
Advanced on ditto
Mortgage loan.
Interett on arrears 2 8 0
Transfer fees

Balance duo to Norfolk Company

9,198 13 0
1,412 15 5

£319,065 9 2
Mr. TILL, in answer to a question, said that the un-
derstanding between the two,companies was, that the
completion of the harbuur should not exceed 30,0001.,
but there was no intention to spend any such sum of
money.
Mr. TILL, in answer to an observation, slid, under
their Act, the shareholders in this company had a
guaranteed rent of four per cent. upon their capital.
Some further conversation ensued, in the course of
which Mr. TILL stated that they had a Parliamentary
guarantee for their tour per lent., and that it was the first
guarantee of the Norfolk Company.—Norfolk Chronicle.

BRECON.—MURDER BY A LUNATIC.—On Saturday
last some gipsy boys, with their parents, encamped in
the neighbourhood of Pankelly, near this town, were
throwing stones at an idiot lad who happened to be
standing on the bank of the canal, when the latter pur-
sued and caught one of the children, who was not above
four or five years old, threw him on the ground and
trampled upon him, and then mercilessly pitched him
into the canal, where he left him. The idiot then im-
mediately made off after the other children, saying he
would serve them in the same manner, hut providentially
they were enabled to get out of his way before the dread-
ful threat could be put into execution.' In the mean time
the child who bad been thus barbaronsly treated
breathed his last. All endeavours to restore animation
proved ineffectual. An inquest was held on Monday,
when a verdict of " Manslaughter" was returned against
the offender, who stands committed till her Majesty's
pleasure shall be known. The prisoner is suite insane,
and will no doubt be henceforth confined in an asylum,—
Bristol Mirror.

FORGED BAic NOTES.—SIIIPLE MODE OF DE..
TECTION.—A short time ago a paragraph appeared in
.the papers cautioning the public against taking forged
notes of the Bank of England at that time endeavoured
to be circulated, and stating that a few days before a
101. note had been offered to and stopped by a respect-
able tradesman in Fleet-street, who being an experienced
engraver detected it to be spurious. It was also stated
that a 5/. note of the Manchester branch of the Bank of
England had been returned to Mr. Austin, the proprietor
of Peel's Coffee-house, Fleet-street, from his bankers,
which was so well executed that in taking it Mr. Austin
or his servants did not feel it necessary to mark it with
the name of the giver, so that he is himself the loser. A
day or two ago a gentleman connected with
announced
th tlaießo ceaunnkodf
England called on Mr. Austin, and
his name, and stated the object of his calling, wits shown
the 5/. note. At the first glance the gentleman pointed
out to Mr. Austin the proofs of the note being a forgery,
and also submitted it to a simple but unerring test to
prove the fact. He took from his pocket a genuine note
and placing it alongside the forgery, damped both in a
part, when the water-mak was clearly visible, and in an
instant the difference was quite perceptible. In the
genuine note the moisture rendered the water-mark more
conspicuous and distinct, while on the forgery it became
almost wholly obliterated. The gentleman subsequently
stuhpeolnolMr .
forged
Grge.dWn.otLeereesm, 47, Fleet
alenedt
i n street,the
waitedhan d
ipnr ews ehLocs ee
of that gentleman submitted the forged and a good note
to a similar test, when the result was precisely similar.
GOLD ?ROM Russu.—The ship Victoria arrived
from St. Petersburg, has brought one barrel and six
boxes of gold: from the Russian capital, as a portion of
her cargo, consigned to a firm of commercial eminence,