The Sun.
London, England, 1822-04-10 00:00:00

AMERICA.

( Extract of a Letter from Washington, dated March 10.)
" The Message of the President, though long anticipated,
will excite a good deal of public attention •, yet, it the measure
be well understood, it ought neither to affect our condition re-
lative to any of the parties, nor their condition relative
to us, since neither will be made to suffer a change.--
Some time ago, the United States proclaimed their detennina-
don to observe a strict neutrality during the civil war in South
America; the principles of public law were duly respected in
tnis declaration ; and neither Spain nor the people of Spanish
America have objected to it, because it has been most impar-
tially observed..
"In the course of the last year the civil war has ceased. In
Mexico, the revolution is completed without confusion or vio-
lence ; in Columbia the war is at an end ; in Buenos Ayres
and Chili the inhabitants have long been in the full exercise of
the power by which they are governed ; and in Peru there
seems to belittle expectation of a further struggle.
" Spain herself requires the whole attention of her people, in
the revision and establishment of her Constitution ; and, ac-
cording to the example of England, and her own example in
the case of the Netherlands, good policy must urge, and the
highest interests of Spain recommend, a treaty of mutual inter-
course and trade with the new States, founded on the basis of
reciprocal independence.
The identity of language, religion and laws, will do more
to-cherish and perpetuate mutual intercourse and friendship
between them, than any treaty intended to secure the same can
ever effect.

" The pride of Spain may be an evil counsellor on this im-
portant subject. She may be offended that the United States
have not waited until she herself has acknowledged the New
States ; and it is possible that other Powers, from the want of
good will to the -free institutions of the United States, may en-
deavour to provoke the resentment of Spain against us, though
the Message will in nothing alter the condition of the parties,
since it announces an impartial neutrality, should the war be
renewed.

" When France acknowledged the Independence of the
United States, she entered into a treaty of offensive and defen-
sive affiance with them ; and, by her Ambassador in London,
announced her engagement to make common cause with them
in the war. Instead of this course, the American Ambassa-
dor at Madrid, in communicating the Message of the Presi-
dent, will announce the determination of the United States to
continue to observe an exact neutrality in the event of a contin-
uation of the war. _ _

" Had France done no more, there would ha'e been no just
cause of war between France and England, and the step now
taken by the United States affords no such cause.
" We neither have nor desire Treaties with the New States.
We may enter into stipulations with them for the purpose of
extending and establishing the principles of free trade, but we
shall neither desire nor seek to conclude with them, or any
other country, Treaties, by which exclusive advantages may
be attempted to be secured. 'We will receive their ships and
cargoes as our own, provided they will receive ours as they do
their own ; there is nothing exclusive in this rule ; it may, be
extended to all nations, and we are willing and ready to ex-
tend this rule to all nations with which we have commercial in-
tercourse.

"Any suppositions, therefore, that we wish or expect ad-
vantages from this measure, are not only not true, but they
are illiberal. We have good will for, and take a cordial in-
terest in, the prosperity and happiness of our neighbours ; and
shall at all times be ready, by the uprightness and fidelity of
our principles, to prove to them our sincerity."
COMMERCIAL.—The following interesting article is taken
from the Charleston Mercury :
CONSUZIPT'ION OF COTT•ox—From the port of Liverpool
alone there were shipped, in the week ending 7th January last,
2,121,992 yards cotton goods. Of these 1,419,213 were sent to
New York, 4,000 to Baltimore, 35,000 to Savannah, 97,760 to
Charleston, and 31,299 to New Orleans. The remainder was
distributed over Europe, South America, and the West Indies.
The great European markets for cotton goods are Portugal and
Italy, each of which takes off a vast amount of British manu-
factures. New York, it appears, was a customer to the extent
of considerably more than half the export of the week. The
United States collectively were the destined market for nearly
three-fourths of the total exports.
The shipments for the week ending January 14 were
2,645,334 yards of Cotton goods ; for New York, 748,612 ;
Philadelphia, 241,386; Baltimore, 29,000; Charleston, 14,000;
New Orleans, 70,123—making a total of upwards of eleven
hundred thousand yards sent to the United States. The
mass of the other shipments was for Portugal and Italy.
During the succeeding. week, ending Jan. 21, the yards of
Cotton goods exported increased in number, so as to amount
to 3,609,865. For the United States, 1,437,817 were exported ;
being distinguished as follows—for Boston 505,619 ' • New
York. 481,058 ; Philadelphia, 299,293 ; Baltimore, 114,520 ;
Charleston, 30,815 ; New Orleans, 6,512; amounting to more
than one-third of the whole export. A very large proportion
of the remainder went to Portugal and Italy.
The aggregate number of yards of cotton goods exported for
these three weeks, from Liverpool, is 8,377,191, and of these
4,663,021 were for the United States ; being much more than
half of the whole number exported.
It is to be observed, that this large export to the United
States is not a standard for an average annual valuation. The
northern merchants, always receiving their spring goods very
early, swells the amount of British exports in the month of Ja-
nuary. After that time they usually fall off, as regards the
United States, and begin to increase again in the months of
July, August, and September, when the orders for the fall
goods are in a course of execution.
Situated as the trade is between this country and Great Bri-
tain, in the material of raw cotton.and in cotton-goods, the mu-
tual advantages are very striking ; she being our very best cus-
tomer for the raw article, and we in return taking off a prodi-
gious amount of her manufactures produced from it. It is not
to be wondered at, after viewing these facts, that an interrup-
tion of American trade, and an American war, should be so un-
popular, and excite so much distress in the manufacturing
towns of Great Britain.
The attention of the British merchant is strongly attracted
towards South America, especially Chili. The exports of cot-
ton stuffs to Valparaiso are very large,. being in one week up-
wards 0f.270,000 yards. Rio Janeiro is also a considerable de-
pot, as.are also Para, Monte Video, Buenos Ayres, and Italy,
—Lima has become noticed.
Of cotton hose, during the three weeks above alluded to,
there were exported from Liverpool to all the world, 16,179
dozens; and it is remarkable, that of that number, 10,102
dozens were destined for New York.
Some idea may be formed, by referring to the extreme ex-
cess of the merchandize shipped for New York above that for
any other port in the Union, of the commercial enterprize and
growing consequence of that city. She not only leads in the
van of commerce of this country, but seems destined, at no very
remote period, to rival the great mercantile towns of the old
world. Whether it be northern, southern, or western trade,
such are the facilities and advantages of that favoured place,
that it commands and controls the whole. Whether for sale or
for purchase, her market bears an unrivalled pre-eminence.
MARCH 14.—LATE ritom Lima.—Captain Brown, arrived
at Baltimore from Chagres, brings accounts from panama to

the beginning of February, at which time the new Government
was going on well.
An English ship of war had arrived at Panama from Lima,
which she left on the 26th of December last. The United
States frigate Constellation was there, and also several merchant
vessels.

We understand that a serious misunderstanding exists be-
tween our Government and that of France, relative to the ton.
nage duty on French vessels arriving in ports in Louisiana.
The Louisiana Treaty stipulates, that for twelve years after
the ratification, French vessels shall be admitted on the
same terms as those of our own ; and after that period on
tems of the most favoured nations. By the late law of Con-
gress, French vessels are required to pay a tonnage duty of 18
dollars a ton, which our Government extends to Louisiana as
well as all other parts of the Union. The French Government
resists the payment of this duty under the Louisiana Treaty.
We further learn, that an active correspondence between the
French Minister and our Secretary of State has lately taken
place at 'Washington.
MARCH 15.—(BANKRUPT BILL.)—The fate of this im-
portant Bill, on which hung the long deferred hopes of many
a sick heart, and which were still kept alive by the lingering
expectation that relief would at last be afforded by the compas-
sionate consideration of their fellow men, has been finally re-
jected in the House by a majority of 27.

ENGLISII LITERATURE IN POLAND.

[Extract of a Letter from a Pole at Warsaw.]
" English Literature is more and more gaining
ground in Poland. During last year there ap-
peared in print Lord BYRON'S Bride of Ahydos,
translated by the Count OsTaowsxt ; and lately
Sir WALTER SCOTT'S Lay of the Last Minstrel,
translated by Mr. BuonziNsKr, who is at present
the most distinguished young poet in Poland.—
Of works that are yet preparing for publication
are, Sir WALTER SCOTT'S Lady of the Lake, and
Lord BYRON'S Corsair, both by Mr. SIENKIE-
wicz, who last year lived for some time in Edin-
burgh. Besides, in the Polish periodical writ-
ings there appear very often many extracts made
from the works of these two authors, as well as
from those of other celebrated English poets.—
Translated into Polish are CAMPBELL'S Lochiel,
and O'Connor's Child; Lord ByuoN's Fare
thee Well, and also different fugitive pieces of
poetry.—Ossian's Poems had been frequently
translated ; but since the time of KRASICKI
and TYMIENIECKI, who first made them known
to their countrymen, they almost daily mul-
tiply by the particular predilection of some
promising young Poets for that species of poetry ;
such is the progress of your literature in Poland.
The ancient stock of English Literature in that
country, consisting of specimens from MILTON,
DRYDEN, POPE, THOMSON, and many others,
gets there continually a new increase. SHAKE-
SPEARE'S Plays are an object of study in Poland,
and the best of them are very often performed
upon the staga at Warsaw, Willie., Cracau and
Leopol. 'the Poles had cultivated for a con-
siderable time past French Literature almost ex-
clusively, but they appear at present to direct
their attention to that of the English."

[FROM " THE BRITISH MONITOR" OF SUNDAY

LAST.]

In the House of Commons, on Monday, on the motion of
Mr. F. Robinson, leave was given to bring in two Bills for
opening the trade between our West India Islands and the
United States of America, and other parts of the world ! What
fatal delusion is inducing Ministers, and the majority, we
fear, of Parliament and the people, to concur in this most
mischievous, most impolitic, and most fatal design ! The
West India Planters, it appears, are, like our agriculturists at
home, in great distress, because their produce is so abundant,
that they cannot sell it at a high price in the present market.
What then ! Is there no possible means of extending the mar-
ket for West India produce, but by voluntarily giving up to
the United States of America those principles and advantages,
for the maintenance of which Mr. Pitt would have employ-
ed every ship in the British Navy ? Is there no possible
means of enabling our owns population to consume an increased
quantity of West India produce, with advantage both to them-
selves and the Planters ? Is there no possible means of en-
abling our Colonies on the Continent of America to consume
more of the produce of the Islands than they have hitherto
done ? Is there no possible means of inducing the Planters
themselves to employ a part of their lands and their slaves in
raising their own provisions -within the Islands ; and thus to
adopt, with regard to them, the favourite remedy of bringing
down the supply of the produce for exportation to the demand ?
Is there no possible means of enabling Ireland to consume
sugar, and coffee, and rum ? Ireland, we will be bound, is
capable of sc.n bringing up the demand beyond the supply.--
Cannot the British Empire supply the West India Islands with
every thing that they require ? And cannot the whole produce,
and more than the whole produce, of the Islands, and more even
than the Islands are capable of ever •producing, be conrumed
within the British Empire? We are in a most diseased state in-
deed, when we have more of all the comforts of life than the pos-
sessors of them know what to do with; and when, instead of facili-
tating their distribution amongst our own people, we are at infinite
trouble and expense to give them away to our most dangerous
rivals, if not to our most inveterate enemies 1 We already
manufacture clothing, and hardware, and numberless other
articles of necessity, comfort, and convenience, for half the
world, while, our own people are inadequately supplied with
the same commodities. We arc about to make foreigners a
present of our coffee, sugar, and rum next, and of some of the
very elements of our naval and commercial greatness! It is
not our fault that we do not send our corn and cattle to them
also ! Indeed, there are many who openly avow that they
hope to see the day when England shall be an exporter of agri-
cultural produce ! The Ricardos have led the country to the
brink of a precipice. One step more in advance, and it sinks
probably for ever ! If Ministers do not immediately retrace
their course, and firmly resist the seductive though pernicious
theories which are betraying them into the surrender of the
best interests of the Empire, they will have to lament that
they have been made the instruments of yielding up to false
principles and specious speculations that ' commercial pre-
eminence and naval power, for which England has been so
gloriously distinguished, and which the world in arms could
not have wrested from her by force.

We are happy to find, that his Majesty the King of the Ne-
therlands has noticed the humane and meritorious exertions of
Messrs. Burniston, Drake, and Burnett, Admiralty Midship-
men, employed in the service of the Coast Blockade, they ha-
ving been instrumental in saving the life of the mate of a
Dutch galliot, wrecked near the martello-tower, No. 33 ; his
Majesty having caused to be presented to each of the above
gentlemen, by his vice-consul at Rye, (Mr. Edward Chatter-
ton) a Gold Medal, bearing the following inscription :
DE KONING DER NEDERLANDEN
AAN
YOOR BETOONDE iIIENSCHLIEVENHIED
1821.

we have also the pleasure to---aai, that Messrs. Burniston and
Drake assisted in saving the crew of the French sloop, La
Julie, stranded near the same place. Li itestimony whereof,
the Magistrates and principal inhabitants of the ancient towns
of Rye and Winchelsea] stated the circumstances to the Right
Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and
strongly recommended them to their Lordships' notice and con-
sideration. In return, the Hon. Secretary (Mr. Barrow) re-
plied, " that their Lordships were pleased with the conduct of
these officers, and would not fail to bear it in mind."--(Kentish
Gazette.)

FOR THE SUN.

Mu. EDITOR,

Mr. C. C. WESTERN, Member for the County
of Essex, will, soon after the recess, call the
serious consideration of Parliament to the bold
measure of 1819, called Mr. PEEL'S Bill ; by
which the currency of the Country was con-
tracted and altered, and the nominal price
of all merchandize, commodity, and agricul-
tural property, was so greatly reduced, while
the great annuity of the National Debt, the
obligations of mortgage, and of bonds, offi-
cial salary, pensions, half-pay, rents, and tithes,
were all nearly doubled in their proportion and
burthen on the property, industry, and labour of
the active part of the population, and the pro-
ducing portion of the community. Mr. WESTERN
is an independant man, and suited to promote
a serious inquiry, before it be too late, into the
effects of this measure, and the policy and safety
of its enactment and endurance, in the present
circumstances of the country, after three years
experience of its action and effects. This is in
no respect a party question, in the political or
administrative sense
,of that word; but a vital
consideration in the present reduced condition
of values and prices, wages and rents. It is•
a serious and a vital consideration for the
ease of the whole people; and the confidence
and security of the public creditor. The in-
quiry should be extensive, and the deliberation
cool and impartial. Errors in the adjustment of
money, and the regulations of coin and currency,
have been very common here, and in all the
states of Europe, in the last four centuries. So
strong a measure of change as that enacted by
Mr. PEEL'S Bill, acting upon so large a mass of
property,.and its incumbrance, reducing the one,
and swelling the other, perhaps never before
took place in the ancient or modern world ;
it is therefore the more important •to be sure
that the theory of this great innovation is sound,
the system well understood, and the manner of
practice well-considered and wise.—lt can hardly
have any defence but its necessity. This has not
been felt nor shewn :—itsfuture advantage, if any,
after years of misery and degradation, are not
worth having. The questions are, of the pre-
cipitation, and of the degree of this alteration—
of the equity and the policy—and, lastly, of
that touchstone of . all politic legal regulation,
its advantage and success in execution and in
progress. In politic regulations, if a false step
be taken,— .
" Revocare gradum,—hie labor, hoc opus est,"
or, as the Norman proverb expresses the same,—
" Il faut reculer pour inieux sauter." Ri