The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-09 00:00:00

r-rifie protection of the public that the Legislature should hits
-pose certain conditions and-regulations on Railway Comes
parties ; but, subject to these, all the rest should be le't
to the sole means and management of those associations.
The two lines recommended by the Commissioners are,
one extending from Dublin to the south-west of Ireland,
and- the other from Dublin to the north. The south.
west line is described in the following summary
" The point selected for the terminus of the southern lines,
in the city of Dublin, is on the bank of the river Liffey, close
„ to Barrack-bridge. Thence the railway has been laid out
in a southern -direction, on the right bank of the Liffey,
through Palmerstown, and close to Lucan. From Lucan the:
. line takes a south-western direction, passing near to tho
towns of Sallins, Rathangan, Monastereven, Portarlington,
and Maryborough. Three miles beyond Maryborougb, Rharu
the line crosses the summit of the country, between the val-
lies of the Barrow and the Nore, it is proposed to form a
branch to the city of Kilkenny, by the town of Abbeyleix
and Ballyragget. The distance between Dublin and the corn -
mencernent of this branch is 521 miles, and thence to Kil-
kenny is 24 miles, making a total length, from Dublin to Kil
kenny, of 79 miles. From the Maryborough summit the line has
been continued through the lime-stone country to the road from
Barr is-in-Ossory to Rathdowney, which it crosses at the dis
tance of 66 miles from Dublin, and three miles from Borris-
in-Ossory, on the Limerick road; and this point, which will
serve as a station for passengers and reerchandise from tins
towns of Roscrea, I3orris-in-Ossory, Castletown, Mount-
rad), and the districts around them, must eventually become a
point of very general resort. From the road to Borris-in-
Ossory the line pursues its south-western direction, passing
near to the towns of Rathdowney, Templemoree and Thurles,
to Holycross, in the county of Tipperary, where it is proposed
that the line to Limerick should diverge. This line has been
laid out with great care, skirting as close as levels will permit
to the south-eastern base of the range of the Keeper mountains,
and thence, without encountering any difficulty, proceeding
in a direct line to the city of Limerick. The distance by the
proposed line of railway between Dublin and Holycross is 89i
miles, and between Holycross and Limerick 35i miles. making
a total distance between Dublin and Limerick of 1251. This
distance is only six miles longer than the direct post-road
between those points, a circumstance we deem very satisfac-
tory, when it is considered that the proposed railway commu-
nication between Limerick and Dublin will be effected by a
-divergence from the Cork line of only 35i miles in length.
From Holycross the main Cork line proceeds in a southern
direction to Cashel, and thence to Marhill, near New Inn, in
the county of Tipperary, at which point it is intended that
the line to Clonmel and Waterford should commence ; but
to complete a direct railway communication between Limerick
and Waterford, it is also proposed that this branch liner
should be continued in a western direction from Marhill to-
wards Limerick, and, crossing the river Suir at Golden, join
the line from Holycross to Limerick at Donaghill. The dis-
tance from Marhill, by Golden, to Donaghill is 13 miles; and
by adopting this arrangement there will be a saving of distance
between Limerick and Waterford of 143.- miles; without it,
all the traffic from Limerick to Waterford must necessarily
pass from Donaghill, round by Holycross, to Marhill, in order
to reach the commencement of the Waterford line. Between
Marhill, on the Cork line, and the City of Waterford, wo
have not thought it necessary to make a detailed survey fur-
ther than Clonmel, between which point and Waterford it has
already been ascertained, by a careful survey, that a railway
can he made at a moderate expense. From our passenger
and commercial traffic maps, it appears that the present
intercourse between Waterford and Clonmel is very consi.
derable, and, though perhaps not sufficient to insure the suc-
cess of a Railway speculation were it limited to those places,
still, when to this important local traffic the rapid communica-
tion between Waterford and Limerick, and Waterford, Dub-
lin, and Cork, are added, we apprehend that few parts of the
general system of Railway communication which we recom-
mend will be found more remunerative than that between Wa-
terford and Clonmel. The distance between Dublin and
Marhill is IC4I miles, and thence to Waterford 37 miles.
Continuing in a southern direction from Marhill, the Cork
line follows the valley of the River Suir to Cahir, situated at
the eastern extremity of the Galtees Mountains, at which
point, owing to the physical structure of the country, it has -
been necessary to adopt a south-western course, passing
through the narrow valley interposed between the Galtees
and Kik orth Mountains, whence it continues by Mitchell_
town to Kildorrery, and thence to the town of Mallow, si-
tuated on the River Blackwater. The valley of the Rivet-
Blackwater, at Mallow, offers a very favourable line for the
extension of the Railway in a western direction to Killar-
ney, distant 40 miles. No doubt, during the summer season,
this line would be much resorted to by visitors to the Lakes,
arid at the same time it would connect the extensive culm col-
lieries situated immediately to the north of the Blackwater,
and 14 miles west of Mallow, with the interior of the lime-
stone country, where fuel, and particularly culm, is much re-
quired for burning lime, both for building and agriculture.
But we do not recommend the execution of this branch at
present ; we merely allude to it as one which it may be desir-
able to construct at a future period, and which would add con-
siderably to the traffic on the main trunk both in passengers
and merchandise. From Mallow the main line takes a direct
southern course to Cork, and necessarily crosses a ridge of
slate country, which intervenes between the limestone vallies
of the river Blackwater, at Mallow, and the river Lee, on
which Cork is situated."

The northern line proposed is as follows :
" The first 28 miles—namely, from Dublin to Navan, are
common to both the Armagh and Enniskillen lines ; at Na-
van they diverge, that to the Belfast taking a northern course,
passing near to Carrickmacross, and through Castleblaney to
Armagh, the distance between Navan and Armagh being 57
miles and a half, and the total distance from Dublin to Ar-
magh 85 miles and a half. Between Dublin and Navan,
where the line crosses the lime-stone country, the gradients
are beter; and the average cost per mile will be 4,2001. less
than where it passes through the slate country already de-
scribed, which extends nearly for the whole distance from
Navan to Armagh. The north-west, or Enniskillen line, on
diverging from the Armagh line at Navan, has been laid out
in the valley of the Blackwater river, passing through Kells
and Virginia. As far as Kells the country is unusually
favourable, but between that point and Cavan, and thence to
Newtown-Butler, in the county of Fermanagh, the cost of
forming will be considerable, owing to the hilly character of the
slate district. Beyond Newtown-Butler the line passes
through the flat country skirting the northeastern margin of
Upper Lough Erne. In such a locality the gradients, as
might be expected, are excellent, and the cost is proportion-
ably reduced. The town of Enniskillen, situated between
Upper and Lower Lough Erne, may be considered as a central
station, towards which both passengers and commercial traffic
may be expected to converge for a considerable circuit, in-
cluding the importact town of Londonderry, Letterkenny,
Strabane, Omagh, Donegal, Ballysbannon, and Sligo; and
hence, for the present, it is considered to be the most suitable
point for the termination of the north-western railway. At a
future period it is probable that a railway may be constructed
from Londonderry to Enniskillen, passing through the towns
of Strabane, Newtown-Stewart, andiOmagh; and a prelimi-
nary survey for a line through those places has been submitted
to us by a very respectable body of gentlemen interested in the
improvements of the adjoining districts of the counties of
Dcnegal, Derry, and Tyrone ; but we are satisfied that for
some time to come the expected intercourse through the
country would not be sufficient to warrant the commencement
of this railway."
The estimated cost of the proposed lines of Railway ap-
pears, from the caleulations of the engineers employed, to
be about 5,300,000/. for the south-west line,and2,ooo,ooo/.
for the northern. The return estimated by the Commis-
sioners is 3i per cent. for the south-west line and its
branches ; 3if per cent. for the cross line from Waterford to
Limerick ; and 4i per cent. for the northern line ; the
cost of construction for the whole being calculated to ave-
rage 11,000/. per mile. With the exception of the matters
to which we have already alluded, the Commissioners seem
to have performed their task as wellas circumstances would
permit. Their report and appendices contain much useful
and interesting information, the principal of which we shall
lay before our readers in a condensed form.

At the Barton Petty Sessions, a poor but respec-
table woman, named Mary Elston, was brought up on an as.
sault warrant, for boxing the ears of an impudent young ur-
chin of the name of Simmons, a boy of eight years of age,
who had kicked and thrown stones at her. Several witnesses
proved the boy to be a most insolent and daring child, giving
great annoyance in the neighbourhood. Notwithstanding the
poor woman's defence, and the proof of its truth, she was
fined 103. and costs, which being unable to pay, she was or.
dered to be dragged froaa her family and confined in the House
of Correction for one month l—Lincolnshire Chronicle.
A confirmation by the Lord Bishop of Winchester
took place yesterday morning at the Chapel of St. John the
Evangelist, at Forton, which afforded a most interesting sight
to a very numerous and attentive congregation. The hymn
on confirmation, sung before the litany, was most impressive.
There were confirmed for the district of St. John the Evan-
gelist, 99; for Gosport, 79 ; Alvetstoke, 47 ; Rowner, 6;
Hasler 4-235. The Bishop was taken ill after the confir-
mation with a violent sore throat, from which, before he could
be recovered, he was obliged to be relieved by the application
of leeches ; and his Lordship's charge was read to the audi-
tory by the Rev. M. Jacobs. His Lordship, in consequence
of this indisposition, has been compelled to postpone the re-
maining confirmations until further notice.
—Hampshire Tele-
graph.

On Thursday, as Mr. Samuel Wilson was return-
ing to the house of his uncle, Mr. Andrews,
of
Tbliol7i:gl‘hi°
nis-
eux, from shooting, the gun went oft' es he was entering the
door, the contents passing through his head, and
brains out.—Bury Herald.
We will not disguise the fact—we have never Wit-
nessed a more important crisis in foreign or domestic polities
than the present. The struggle is not now between the sove-
reign and his subjects, but between the middle classes and the
lower orders of the people ; the aristocracy is but the gilded
capital, which must drop to the base or go with the shaft.
Those who have brought on this contest may live to see the
dreadful consequences, unless both those who recklessly incite,
and those who insultingly defy, the people, change their
course before the tide sets in, for neither can then controul it.
Silurian.

DEATH FROM SUFFOCATION.—An inquest was
held yesterday in Islington, on the body of a man, name un-
known, who was found lying dead near a brick-kiln, in that
neighbourhood, as detailed in The Sun of yesterday. The
state of the body left no doubt that the unfortunate mart
had suffered from extreme destitution. Verdict--" Acciden-
tally Suffocated."