The Sun.
London, England, 1849-01-26 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, THURSDAY.
Her Majesty walked this morning in the grounds
around the Castle. . . _

The Royal Family took their accustomed airing.
Prince Albert went out shooting this morning,
accompanied by his Royal. Highness the Hereditary
Prince of Parma, the Earl of Lincoln, Sir George
Grey, Sir Charles Wood, and the Right Hon. Tho-
mas Pemberton Leigh, and attended by Captain the
Hon. A. Gordon.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange, attended
by I:is Gentlemen in waiting, Admiral Arnens and
Captain Gudicher, is expected to arrive at the Castle
this afternoon, on a visit to her Majesty and Prince
Albert.

His Excellency Count Schimmelpenninck, the
Netherlands Minister, is alto expected to arrive this
evening at the Castle.
The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening
‘N ill include her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent,
his Royal Highness the Prince of Orange, their Royal
Highnesses the Hereditary Prince and Princess of
Parma, her Serene Highness the Princess Amelia of
llohenlohe Schillingsfurst, his Excellency Count
Schimmelpenninck, Lady Fanny Howard, the Coun-
tess Lopez (in waiting on the Princess of Parma),
BA.oness de Speth, the Countess of Jersey and Lady
Cleinentina Villiers, the Earl of Lincoln, the Right
Hon. Sir George and Lady Grey, the Right lion. Sir
Charles and Lady Mary Wood, the Right Hon. T.
Perrinert.n Leigh, Admiral Arnens (in waiting on
the Prince of Orange), and Captain Guidicher (in
waiting on the Prince of Orange).
The Queen's private band was in attendance in the
Castle yesterday evening, and performed the following
pieces :
Overture, "Die Waldnymphe" M. S. Bennett.
Finale, 2d Act, " Zauberflote" —Mozart.
Tanz—Signale Walzer

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, at-
tended by Baron Knesebeck, returned to his residence
at Kew, yesterday, from honouring the Marquis of
Winchester with a visit at his seat, Amport House,
Andover.

Thu following Cabinet Ministers dined with Lord
John Russell on Wednes,lav, at his residence in Ches-
ham-place :—The Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of
Lansdowne, the Earl of Minto, Earl Grey, Sir Francis
Baring, Lord Campbell, the Right Hon. H. Labou-
chere, Sir John Hobhouse, the Marquis of Clanricarde,
and the Earl of Carlisle.

Lady John Russell had an evening party on Wed-
nesday.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had
a general meeting yesterday, at their office, in White-
hall-place.
A deputation, including the Rev. J. E. Tyler and
the Hon. and Rev. H. Montagu Villiers, had an inter-
view with the Earl of Carlisle yesterday, at the office
of her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests.
Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening frOrn
the Colonial. office, for the Governor of the Cape ,of
Good Hope.

SCOTTISH CoNCERT.---The Fraser family (father,
two sons, and two daughters,) are at present giving
their musical ent••rtaintnents, and they have brought
ror ward a pleasing novelty among their usual pieces.
The admirable poem of Barns, the " Cotter's Saturday
Nigh," has been set to music,,and arranged in airs, cho•
ruses, solos, duetta, and trios, the character of each
being adapted to the sentiment of the part. This beau-
tifully moral piece could not have been gone through
with any effect were it not lightened and rendered into-
resting by this arrangement, and indeed the different
scenes presented in the poem require a varied' mode of
harmonic treatment. The beautiful picture presented in
his composition deserves the attention of the public; it
is only to bo wished it should be sufficiently appre-
ciated. In this part of the kingdom it may not be so
suited to gratify the audience as other compositions, but
all musical, like other entertainments, are rendered more
useful by their morality.
THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS' BALL.—Tbe ball at
the London Tavern, last night, in aid of the hinds of
that excellent institution, the Licensed Victuallers'
School, went off to the entire satisfaction of a very nu-
merous company. The ball• room was opened at seven
o'clock, and dancing, which embraced every variety of
quadrille, waltz, and polka, was kept up with unflagging
spirit for some hours after midnight. •
TDB CONVICT MITCHELL.-It. appears that letters
have reached the Government from Bermuda, describing
the health of John Mitchell, the convict, as exceedingly
precarious. It has accordingly been determined that he
shell he removed to another colony, the climate of Ber-
muda being calculated to aggravate the symptoms of the
disease he labours under.

THE PARLIAMENT GINGERBREAD.—An amusing
absurdity has recently appeared under this facetious
c,,gnomen. The skeleton of the flyleaf—for it is a
mere fly-leaf printed in the form of a regular Parlia-
mentary enactment—has been evidently suggested by the
comic Acts of Parliament lately published from the pen
of Albert Smith. Here, however, the similitude terminates.
The humour of the political squib is altogether un-
borrowed. It purports to be " An Act for Promoting the
more effectual Relief of the Resolute and Able-bodied
Poor, and the Destruction of Industry in Ireland." By
a singular blunder, the document is dated January Ist,
1849—Victoria Regina, Anno VI, and VII. One of
the best " points " is the tenth clause in the enactment,
word( d as follows:—" X. And, further, whereas it has
been suggested to impose an Income-tax in Ireland (ex
empting interests under 2001. per annum) in aid of the
Townland Rate aforesaid, to be collected and applied as
Parliament may direct, for the benefit of the Labouring
Classes and the general good, Now be it enacted, and
it is enacted, that it is infinitely better to draw on the
Imperial Treasury, or totidem verbis,' to dive into the
pocket of John Bull than to make Ireland support her
own poor, which, under such a system, she is well able
to do."

DEATH OF LADY C. MAHON.—Lady Charlotte
Mahon died on 'Tuesday night, at her residence in Ste-
phen's-green, Dublin. Her Ladyship was in her 85th
year. She was the youngest daughter of Peter, second
Earl of Altamont, sister of Jobn Denis, first Marquis of
Sligo, the Eight Hon. Denis Browne, and Anne Countess
of Desart. Lady Charlotte married John Mahon, Esq.,
who died in 1834, brother of Sir Ross Mahon, of Caa-
tlegar. •

We. regret to hear of the death (after but a few,
hours' Hitless) of the son of the Bt v. Henry Chaplin,
nephew of Charles Chaplin, Esq., of Blankney, and heir
to that gentleman's extensive landed estates. Thus,
another instance is added to.the number of uncertainties
in all human calculations.—Lincoln Times.
Lord. Palmerston has attached Mr. Wolff, son of
the Ice♦ l)r. Wolff, to ;h.. regular stuff of clerks em-
ployed at the Fureign.oflice, that gentleman having pre-
viously been assistant to the headclerk.

EIGB Y WA SON'S PROJECT
FOR BAYING OFF THE NATIONAL DEBT.

7,10 2714, EDIT_ QI TEE
Sta.,-1 feel confident that you will not refuse /be
following short observations upon.Mr..Rigby .Wason's
Project for Paying off the National_Debt; inserted in
• your journal yesterday. Such a proposition is at
first sight so plausible, and the balance of relief which
it puts forward is so inviting, that it cannot but oc-
casion great excitement throughout the country, in
spite of the glaring inaccuracy which you have your-
self pointed out in the amount to be raised by taking
5 per cent. from the capitalised value of property in
these kingdoms. Assuming no difference of opinion
respecting the advantage attending paying off the
debt, were the plan otherwise feasible, I proceed at
once to state some reasons for denying that it is pos-
sible in this manner to get rid of the debt.
ht. The term realised property is not appropriate
or any capital calculated upon so high an estimate as
220,000,0001. of annual returns. The cri,ire incomes
of the country exceeding 1501. annually, yield at
3 per cent. only 5,000,0001., corre-pondiug only to
about 175,000,000/. Now, although many small
indeprident properties undoubtedly lie below 1501.
per annum, yet how many salaries, flucliating
earnings, fees, See., are included in the sum now
taxed, which clearly do not. deserve the title of
realised property ? Are salaries in public offices, the
pay of the army and navy, and the countless other
sources of revenue, to say nothing of farmers and mer-
chants' profits, of dividends on stock, railway, mining,
banking, and other shares, realised property ? Yet
all of these are taxed when they pass 1501. per
, annum, and consequently swell the 175,000,0001.
income, from which we shall see they must all be
deducted before any trial can be made of Mr. Rigby
Wason's plan. _

2dly-. Having established a proper distinction be-
tween what is realised property and what is income
mainly derived from the circulation of the annual
production of that property, we shall find the average
value of the land, houses, machinery, &c., form a
very small sum in comparison with that of the cir-
culating capital employed in r paying wages and em-
ploying the labour of the country, whether exerted
with the head or the hand, which combines the two
into a fruitful whole.

3dly. But either Mr. Wason intends to throw the
whole burden of paying off the National Debt
upon land and houses exclusively, in which case he
must carefully separate their value, as has been indi-
cated, or he would take in at least the whole of the
recipients of the estimated 220,000,000/., and in that
case include the tundholder himself; and all receivers
of salaries, pay, fees, profits of trade, dividends, farm-
ing profits, in short all receipts whether over or under
150/. per annum. In the latter case, he proposes little
or no transfer of the burden, since the prosperous
mass of the nation (not only the realised property)
has ever formed the security for the public creditor.
4thly. It would probably be found, on a min ire analy-
sis, that the earnings derived from unrealised incomes
are far greater than those accruing from land and houses.
Now it is notorious that the existence and growth of
this kind of wealth is what so proudly distinguishes
Great Britain from all other countries. A Gallic
owner of Tamworth would, in all probability, be no
more able to pay the wages disbursed by the present
proprietor, than an English landlord at Cannes is re-
quired to exceed the rate of wages in the south of
Prance. It is exactly this "wages fund," which
would have been destroyed by foreign conquest, as it
has repeatedly been on the continent, and it is the
" wages fund," as the French now know, which has
first fallen before domestic revolution in that country.
the realised property cannot well be carried off, and
by timely submission might be secured to its original
owner. What Englishmen, therefore, fought for
especially in the last war, was not the realised, but
the unrealised property of the country. They fought
for the religion, laws, and liberties which
allowed of a sound social and economical
system, of good trading profits, and of the highest
wages in the world. Rents are not higher in En-
gland than elsewhere. It is of paramount importance
for all parties both that the nation should know for
what the National Debt was incurred, and that the
public creditor should know what is his security.
sthly. The realised property is undoubtedly security
enough, but it is clear that any attempt to enforce
an unfair burden upon it must first destroy all un-
realised incomes by the panic it would occasion. The
possibility of raising 220,000,0001. by the wave of
an enchanter's wand is a fairy vision of no more solid
foundation than a waking dream of Mr. Rigby
Wason. The ease with which that sum can be ex-
tracted as a loss, with gain to no one, from the
national wealth, is matter of record on the history, of
the last two years. The bad harvest of 1846, in the
ab-ence of means for alleviating the pressure occa-
sioned by the temporary sacrifice of 8,000,0001. of gold,
created a panic in which the Three per Cents. fell from
a capital value of 500,000,0001. to 320,000,0001., while
railroad shares were depreciated 50 per cent., making
a capital difference of at least 500,000,0001. more.
,Here was no mistake, and if Mr. Wason will go into
the labour market and inquire, he will learn who
were the parties that suffered most by this loss.
Works stopped, mills on half time, mines abandoned,
salaries reduced, establishments reformed, bankrupt-
cies in trade, were the result of so slight a pressure
when it led to a panic. By maintaining public tran-
quillity and seriously applying to industry, things
have been partially brought round ; wages are
creeping up ; business looks better—in short, con-
fidence is returning. But will any man in his
senses say that rents have either fallen under the
crisis, or that they are likely to rise on the revival of
activity, in any proportion resembling the fluctuations
Itahme
ksuhrlde.thaTt
Then, Sir,
osheirs,t
why
cani n p
rdoefic tl
sa
anythingraendvges?
of
should the public be tantalised with any such specula-
tion as that of Mr. Rigby Wason ? a calculation
adapted to mislead and shake that returning con-
fidence to which alone the recipients of unrealised
incomes can look for improvement. The true friend
of the people is he who shows them the value of the
pc-operty they can create for themselves by intelli-
gence, skill, and industry. This property is now in
England a greater fund than the land, since it sup-
ports three individuals to one agriculturist.
But this immense fund of wealth is only
retainable by high civilization. There is more
matter for pride and congratulation that such an
accumulation of wealth exists, than in the few square
Miles of territory which originally produced it. To
its increase we must look for the means of getting
rid of our National Debt, if we feel it a burden, and
we can well afford to choose the period for paying it
off Alen it shall be most convenient. The price
which the owners of unrealised incomes would have
to pay for prematurely throwing its repayment on the
shoulders of the owners of reali:ed property is clearly
too high to find any advocate besides the writer of
the letter himself.

I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
i'llomAs C. BANFIELD.
Reform Club, Jan. 25, 1849.

FEARFUL COLLISION AT SEA.-HULL, WEDNESDAY
NlGHT.—Considerable excitement was created to-day by
the announcement of the complete loss of the Unicorn
steam-ship, a fine Yes s.el,'ab ou t ZOO ton s burthen; which
we regret to state, was run down, off the coast of Hol-
land, by the Rob Roy steam ship, on the night of Mon•
day last. The Unicorn was a new iron steamer, rigged
with air, e masts, and had only been running between
Antwerp and this port a fortnight. She was trading in
opposition to the Rob Roy, a steamer of nearly the same
tonnage. According to the particulars communicated to
Lloyds' agent, the unfortunate accident aprars to have
()mired about sixty mil, s off Flushing, during a heavy
gale of wind. The Unicorn left this place early on Sun-
day morning last, with passengers and a ge rn.ral cargo,
for Antwerp. About ten o'clock on Monday night she
met the Rob Roy, which left Antwerp on the same
evening, off Flushing, distant about sixty miles,
when, from some cause at present unexplained,
both vessels came in contact with tremendous violence.
Owing to the fury of the storm, the sea running over
both ships, it was most difficult to ascertain the extent
of mischief, and for a length of time the most serious
apprehensions were entertained on board the Rob Roy
fur the fate of the Unicorn, which at intervals was al-
most bidden from view by the heavy 'seas. At length it
was ascertained that she was cut down to the water's
edge, and, but for her water-tight compartments, it is
d!fficult to conjecture what might have been the fatal
consequence attending the disaster. The Rob Roy was
browrht to as close to the wreck as practicable, and by
the efforts of the crew all hands and passengers were
sa'ely removed from the wreck. Of her stores or cargo
nothing is reported to have been saved. Her compart-
ments gradually tilled in the course of an hour or more,
and she then went down in deep water. The Rub Roy,
although seriously damaged, continued her voyage, and
reached this port at noon this day. By the collision her
cutwater, head, and bowsprit were carried away, and by
her pumps going it was supposed she had sprung a ink.
The loss will exceed 20,0001.

NORTBFLEET.—FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Wednes-
day morning a most serious accident occurred at North-
fleet-dockyard, by which the lives of two men were sacri-
ficed, and another man most seriously injured. It ap-
pears that while the men were engaged at about eight.
o'clock in the morning in raising a steam-boiler, for the
purpoie of puttit.g it on board the Canton steam-packet,
now fitting in the yard, the guy-rope of the shears broke,
and, in the fulling of the shears, a man named Draper,
belonging to Gravesend, was thrown down in the hold
of the vessel. In his fall, besides other injuries. his neck
was broken, which, melancholy to relate, produced in-
stantaneous death. The shears, in their fall, forced
down another man named Tomlin, of Swanscombe, and
the shears falling upon his head, crushed it in a most.G:
frightful manner, producing, as in the prvviolusc,ho case, inwas
stantaneuus death. A third man, named I,s
also engaged in ti.e work, was struck with the boiler in
its fall; it struck the unfortunatefeiiu the scalp away,
on the head, in
a slanting dirt ction, sod completelyth toree
skull, and, conse.
without, we believe, injuring
quenly, at present hisfeissaved, and there are rea-
sonable hopes of his recovery. The demised man named
Draper, we understand,
left a wife and eight _
has
chil-
dren.---Maidstone Journal.

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.
(From the lanchester Guardian.)
Tigre is, perhaps, no brunch of our fortign com-
faerAte, r.ba4 avaactsa stntiler :hare of public attention
than,ltlictfltrade whitth we carry on with the countries
subject to the Ottemr.rn-Porte; and, through rhOse-cbun-
trios, with Stilt mere eistant regions. fi'ew Englishmen,
few Eaglisu manufa-:;turers even, arc aware that the
narrow passage of the Dardanelles is continually tra-
versed by fleets, freighted wi.h the produce et English
looms, of English mines, of English workshops, and of
English col,nies; that this great stream of commerce
having arrived at Constantinople, and having suffered
there such diminution as serves to supply the wants of
that capital and its surrounding provinces, passes on to
the Black Sea, where, dividing into two branches, the
smaller reeks the principali'ies of Moldavia and Walla-
chia, through the mouth of the Danube, whilst the
I,rger, reaching Trebizend, is again, subdivided, diffus
big itself over Persia, on the one hand, and on the
str, Wittig, by means of the great c ravan lines,
into the boundless cast, as tar as Caubul, Khokand, Buk
tiara, and Chiva.

Yet this trade is important on account of its present
msgnitude, and still inure important by the preenise
which its rapid increase affords of an almost indefinite
:more d, velopmeitt. The ignorance which prevails re-
.pect.ng lie reeeturces, can only be explained by the cite•
cumstance that ites carried on almost exclusively by the
agency of foreigners. It is true that in the days when
e Levant Company flourished, the l'urkieh tr tide was
principally conducted by English merchants, through
the medium of factors, establist. e 3 at Smyrna and
Constantinople ; but since that period a great Coln-
meecid revolution has tale n place. The Greek, Syrian,
i'nt ktsh, and Armenian de eters, aho formerly pur-
chased British manufactures and other produce from
these factors, perceiving that the tiade might be
greatly extended, if the wants of the popu-
lations in the interior of Asia were more attentive ly
consulted, be gan, about thirty years ago, themselves to
establish commercial houses is London, Manchester,
Liverpool, and Glasgow, and thus brought themselves
into immediate communication with the British mann-
lecturer. These enterprising merchants were enabled,
by intimate acquaintance with the languag, s, manners,
and customs of the nations of the east, to develupe a
trade, which, in the hands of Europeans, had become
stationary, or, more properly speaking, had begun to de-
cline; tor it is scarcely too much to say, that where one
piece of cotton goods was formerly sold, 100 pieces will
now find purchasers. And thus, while the Levant houses
have for themselves amassed princely fortunes, they have
at the same time, by their exertions, bestowed no mean
advantage on the industry of this country.
The question is sometimes asked, what interest can
England, a Christian nation, have in the preservation of
the Ottoman empire? When the facts which we have
just stated are known, the question admits of an easy
answer. To place as few restrictions as possible on
foreign trade appears to be an immutable principle of
Turkish policy. The first treaty which the Porte cou-
eluded with a Christian power—that into which Mourad
the First entered with the little republic of Ragusa, and
to which he is said literally to have set his hand, having
iirst dipped his fingers in the ink—is remarkable for the
liberality of its provisions with regard to the trade of his
Christian allies. Whilst countries which boast of a
higher degree of civilization have vied with each other
in inventing complicated contrivances, having for their
ebjeet the protection of native manufactures, to the cer-
tain injury and sometimes to the utter destruction of
their foreign commerce, the Turkish Government has
adhered to its ancient maxims; and on this point, as
well as on some others, has set an example of liberality
which has been little applauded and still less imitated
by western Governments.
Now, suppose for a moment, that any European
power, Austria, France, or Russia, obtained possession
of Constantinople. Would the manufactured goods of
England be p. rmitted in that case to pass into the Black
Sea, as they are permitted at present on paying a small
ad valorem duty of between three and five per cent? Is
it not more rational to conclude, that any European
power on gaining the command of the Dardauelles would
extend its present tariff to its new dominions ? Now
the tariffs of France, Germany, and Russia, are pro-
hibitive of British manufactures, with the exception of
the half-manufactured article of cotton twist, which
is admitted into the two latter countries as
a great favour, at an ad valorem duty of 30
per cent. We must therefore expect, if the rapidly
approaching frontier of the Russian empire should
ever reach the banks of the Hellespont, not merely to
see the increase of our eestern or Greek trade, as it is
termed in Manchester, receive a sudden check, but we
must be prepared fOr the almost total annihilation of
that valuable branch of our commerce. Nor does this
opinion rest merely on a calculation of probabilities; it
has received the confirmation of actual experience. Up
to the time when the Russians took possession of
Georgia, merchants from the country visited Constanti
nople in cons:derable numbers, for the purpose of pur-
chasing English manufactured articles; but a few years
atter its annexation to the Russian empire, this com-
merce ceased, and the Georgian traders have entirety
disappeared from Constantinople.
Toe late Lord Grey is reported to have said, that the
meanest artizan in the kingdom is interested in pre-
serving the balance of power. The observation is no
doubt correct; but the interest must, in many instances,
be somewhat remote. The interest, however, of the
Manchester operatives, in preserving the independence
or Turkey, is direct and obvious. Fortunately, we have
at Constantinople, in the present conjuncture, a repre-
sentative who, by the honest and straightforward mode
in which he hire discharged his official elides, has gained
a degree of influence with the councillors of the Sultan,
such es has seldom, if ever, been attained by an English
ambassador ; but neither the representatives nor the
ministers of a country which enjoys a tree constitu-
tion, can expect that their words will have full weight,
if left unsupported by the popular voice ; and, there-
lore, it seems most desirable, particularly in times like
the present, that the English people should endeavour to
discover how tar their substantial and permanent irate
rests are dependent on the fortunes of foreign States.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERSALL'S.— YESTERDAY.
If we except, Executor for the Chester Cup, and
Canezou fur the Metropolitan, both of whom were in
high favour, the horses quoted were backed for small
sums, and with scarcely any effect upon the prices.
Business, on the whole, was very flat.
LIVERPOOL STEEPLECHASE.
30 to 1 agst Lord Waterford's Shamrock—taken
30 to 1 agst Lord Waterford's Sir John—taken
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE STARES.
12 to 1 agst Mr. Crawturd's The Cur—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. Bouverie's War Eagle—taken
METROPOLITAN HANDICAP.
Bto 1 agst Lord Stanley's Canezou
12 to 1 agat Lord Eglinton's Lugar
15 to 1 agat Col. Peel's Dacia—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. Gregory's Loup-garou—taken
30 to 1 agst Mr. Nteiklam's Rowland—taktn
30 to 1 agst Mr. S. L. Fox's Executor—taken
1,000 to 30 agst Mr. J. Clarke's Maid of Lyme—taken
CHESTER CUP.
25 to 1 agst Mr. Nolan's Blucher
30 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Geraldine
33 to 1 agst Mr. Meiklam's Inheritress
1.500 to 30 agst Mr. M. Blake's Be.lhnafad—taken
4,000 to 80 agst Mr. S. L Fox's Extcutor— taken
1,000 to 20 agst Nlr. Dixon's Do-it again—taken
2,000 to 35 agst Mr. Gregory's Clermont—taken
2,00 to 35 agst Mr. Irwin's King of Kildare—taken
5,000 to 50 agst Mr. Maughan's Rathmines—taken
DERBY
5 to 1 agst Scott's lot—taken
4 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Flying Dutchman
take 9 to 2
22 to 1 agst Mr. A. Nichol's Nunnykirk—take 25 to 1
25 to 1 ugst Lord Stanley a strongbow—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Osterley—taken
35 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Elthiron-40 to 1 taken
STOURTON STEEPLECHASES.
The Hooton.Park Stakes of 10 sove. each, h ft, and 50
added.
Mr. Cotgreave na The Rover, 9st 101 b 1
Mr. Mo..:elay's Dickey Misfortune, lost 101 b... ... 2
The Stourton Stakes of 20 sovs. each, 10 ft, &c.
Mr. Ralph na Peter Simple, lOst 411)
Mr., J. G. Murphy's La Sylphide, lOst 81b ... 2
Capt. D'Arcy's Knight of Gwyune, lOst 81b... ... 3
Three or four others ran. Won by a head.
For the third race Equinox came in first, but not
having carried proper weight the race was given tu Pet-
ticoats, aged, who came in second.

Prince Louis .N apoleon has taken the box at the
opera formerly rented by Louis Philippe. We are
astonished at this, considering that his ex-majesty was
evidently in the " wrong box."—Puppet Show.
TILE CHOLERA AT TOOTlNG.—Yesterday morning
Mr. Baker, the Coroner for the Eastern Division of Mid-
dlesex, resumed the inquiry which was commenced on
Saturday, the 13th inst., into the deaths of four pauper
children of the parish of Islington, who died shortly
after their removal from Mr. Drouet's asylum, on the
Bth inst. The reports made by Dr. Graham and Mr.
Popham were read, but no additional evidence was re-
3eived, in consequence of an intimation from Mr.
Drouet that he was prevented from being present by the
necessity of procuring bail in accordance with the ver7
diet of the Holborn jury. The inquest was adjourned
till Tuesday next.
Court of Di-
EAST INDIAN RAILWAY. —At the ..
wa6
rectors at the East India House on WednesdhaeyEaisst
resolved to refuse the terms demanded by
line no In-
diandis-
Railway Company for the line fro:nay
Delhi, or a portion of it. Oa the Be
re therefore, not
suasion took place, and its prospects
are,
Case Will "7
bffected by this decision. II? neithered by thee Board ef
resolution be final until sanctioned tealcutta to
Control.
es
The report received Y
cotton market mention,skit
that sales
from the Havre
s bad slightly declined,
owing to purchasers st '
s allude to an increased brisk-
The k i -
ness in
The Frankfurt advie
public securities, occasioned by the general
would not be submitted to
a reduction in prices, which
to by holders.
c
desire creators to buy for the rise, and a further ael-
-I,co
e hod
edt,,n
established.
The advises from Smyrna of the sth inst. state
that no material alterations had occurred in the general
aspect of business affairs. Transactions principally re-
mained confined to opium, madder, valonia
,
but in thet.e articles nothing of importance and wool,
had taken
place. Cotton was rather firmer in price. The Exchange
on England was 1191 to i,
The Honourable John Elliot, who was long em-
plo), d in the civil service in India, has been appointed
one of the fSeeretari, s of the Board of Control, in the
place of Mr. Wyse, who has resigned.
We have heard a great deal lately about Sovereigns
being light. This will, perhaps, account for the facility
with which they always fly.—Puppet-Show.

WEST INDIAN AND MEXICAN
MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 2.s.:t7The,roval. mail steam-
ship Teviot, commanded . by Captain Rivet, arrived
this day, at vrie,c!'cleck P.M. from the.: West In;lies,
with the usual mails, in charge oi*LieUteriant ItaY,
11. N., Admiralty agent.
Her late arrival is now fully accounted fote.i._sha
was obliged to perform quarantine at Havarinah,d)oth
out and home, independently of Which she 'ezperittnced
very boisterous weather on her passage.
.I.favantlaii
wa; fast filling with ships from America and England
—vessels from both of which countries are subject to
a long durance on account of the cholera. •
DATES OF MAILS.—Vera Cruz, Dec.. 19 ; Tam.
Pico, Dec: 15 ; New Orleans, Dec. 20: Havginriah,
Dec. 30 ; Honduras, Dec. 11; Jamaica, Dec. 22';'
St. JttiZO de Cube, Dec. 20; Demerara, Dec. 19;
Trinitial, Dec. 91 ; Tobr.go, Dec. 20; Barbadoes,
Dec. 29; Antigua, Dec. 30; Martinique and. Gua-
,idoupe, Dec. 30 ; Grenada, Dec. 23 ; Porto Rico,
Jan. 1 ; St. Thomas's, Jan. 1; Bermuda, Jan. 9..
The Teviot brought eighteen passengers; amongst
whom were—Lieutenant Colonel Ra.wnsley, lady,
and two daughters; Aliss Burton, Lieutenant Joyce,
Messrs. Crossley, Shift, IMeour, Moss, Haynes,
Mourelle, &c.

Her freight comprised 1,139,884 dollars on mer-
chants' account; 26,363 dollars for the Alexican
(lends; 1440 z. 5d s ts. gold dust; 1,133tr5. 6gs.
silver ; 37,465 francs ; 811/. 7s. British coin ; 194
gu!lders; 222 serons of cochineal; 17 ditto jalaps ;
31 cases of cigars ; 40 bales of tobacco ; 15 turtle;
34 packages of sundries.
At Barbadoes there had been abundance. of 'rain,
and the canes are represented as being excellent, with
every promise of large and good crops.
Fever was still prevalent amongst the troops in gar-
rison at St. Ann's, though not to the extent stated a
short time since.

A severe shock of an earthquake had been felt at
Tobago on the 15th of December.
Things in Jamaica were represented in a very bad
state, with little prospect of an immediate improve-
ment. From the accounts received, everything- is
represented as being in a worse position than when
the former steamer left.

De Cordova's Mercantile Intellie;encer makes the
following observations on the state of trade
" In our last we stated that the balance of trade
against this island, or, iu other words, the excess of our
imports over our exports, amounted to 200,000/. Wi
have since found by the official return that we have,
unfortunately, very much understated the fact: It ap.
pears by the document alluded to that, whereas we ex-
ported from the 10th 'of October, 1847, to the 10th of
October, 1848, produce amiunting to 894,6211., the irk.
ports into the island reached the now enormous sum-of
1,289,9141.—thus leaving a balance of trade against us,
of no less than 395,2931., or nearly 400,0001. To this
cause, coupled with the fact that, for some years past,
the same unfortunate disadvantage has steadily in-
creased upon us, are to be attributed the scarcity of
bills of exchange, and the continued drain of specie
which takes place by every packet. These facts offer
subjects for most melancholy consideration; bilt when
the prospsct of the future is taken into reflection' eon-
templatiun becomes most painful. The small amount of
specie remaining in the island is being steadily dimi-
nished ; and we cannot make or produce anything that
will recall it ; when, therefore, it is all expended, how
shall we go un ? Where shall we find our means of
barter, when we shall have neither the earth's produce
nor its representative in the precious metals to offer in
exchange for our wants ? Can anything place more
strongly before Britain the dreadful state to which we
have been reduced by the law of 1846, which has ren-
dered our produce valueless, now that we procure it by
means of tree labour, while our rival neighbours are
suffered to continue slavery under England's protection
and patronage ? Is it possible to adduce any stronger
argument to prove that unless the law of 1846 be imme-
diately altered, the inevitable ruin of this and the'other
British island must ensue?

We have said that a disproportion between our ex-
ports and imports has existed tor some time, but it is
worthy of note that the falling off in 1848, as compared
with that of 1847, has been immense.
The imports in 1847 were
The exports were

... £119,864
... 121,284

Showing a balance of trade against the island,
in 1847, of , 86,200
Balance of trade against the island in 1848 ... 395,293

Excess of balance of trade against the
island in 1848 over that in 1847 ... 409,093
" We leave these facts to speak for themselves in the
coming session of Parliament, merely premising that ,it
was impossible to export more than we did, and that 'it
is extremely improbable that we can ever export so
much as we did even in 1848, while the law of 1846 stains
the statute-book of England.
"In addition to the extreme pressure in the money
market, we have to reprt that business is still very
.dull
even at this season of the year. The hilarity which
formerly marked the advent of Christmas in Jamaica, is
Icst aid gone apparently for ever, because, as we were
compelled to state with reference to the August holi-
days, 'no one can talord to be happy.' " '
A good deal of excitement and angry feeling hicl
been occasioned by the Jamaica Council passing the
Import Duty Bill, which contained a clerical error;
by which the Bill was made to endure until the 15th
of December, 1849, instead of the 15th of February,
1849, as was intended. This error was committed by
the engrossing clerk. The Assembly refused to
correct the mistake, and sent the Bill to the Council,
who passed it, not having the power to amend it, it
being a money Bill. Then there arose a difficulty,
which puzzled the Council and Assembly, when it
was thought that the dilemma could only be got rid
of by the latter abstaining from meeting for the next
two days, which would afford his Excellency the
Governor some pretence for proroguing it, and calling
it together by proclamation. We find from the
Kingston Morning Journal of the 23d of December,
that his Excellency the Governor had relieved the
Parliament from the difficulty in which they had
placed themselves by proroguing it, and calling it to
meet again on Tuesday, the 26th of December, 1848.
From Mexico there is nothing new of a political
nature. Her Majesty's Hound was at Sacrificoa on
the 19th of December.

THE MARKETS.
(From the Jamaica Dispatch.)
Flour—Sales of New Orleans fine have been made at
28i., and of New Orleans superfine, at 30s. per barrel.
360 barrels Baltimore have been taken, 60 at 20s. 6d.
cash, and 300 at 31s. A large sale of 1,275 barrels and
100 half barrels has also been effected at 31s. •

Meal—We have heard of the sale of three parcels—
one of 150 barrels, at 15s. 6.1.; another of 200 barrels
(an older parcel), at 155.; and a third of 600 barrels, at
16s. The article is inactive. _ _

Rice-5,700 bags of a cargo from Madras, chiefly
yellow, and some broken white, have been sold at as
per 1001bs. in hand. The holders reserved 2,000 bags,
which are still on band. Caroline is unsaleablu: over 16s.

Bread—Pilot is very dull, at 15s. to 16s. per barreL
Crackers are wanted, they fetch 19s. per barrel.
Butter-50 firkins Cork have sold at Ild. The article
is quoted at 11d. to Is., with a light supply. Recent
arrivals of American have brought Bd. to 9d. per lb.
This description is held in abundance.

Brandy—Martell's is worth ss. 6d. per gallon, short
price.

Tobacco—Cavendish sells at Bd. per lb.; 18'5 and 20'0
are in greatest favour.
Rum is dull, at .3s. Gd. per gallon; proof 21s. for con-
sumption, equal to 2s. for exportation.
Sugar has again receded in value. We must call it
12s. to 155., according to quality. It is almost unsale-
able. hark v. ould not fetch so much as 12s.

Pimento sells at 2d. per lb., with a brisk demand.

- -
Freights to England are very dull. The current rates
are arum 21. 15s. to 31. ss. for sugar to London.

R E
gr
Fl t,
I. 1
,EsrasaspEtneeNdrr
ester,
ewoci
taT:owl Nil
from
:on
ir
whetherL So rodu TT.. i te
ow
rSi
dsThALarer
Lewisham,
p sa
1 li
if:: 11 i.
BIRMINGHARI, 1 HURSDAY.— Ibe canvass of Lord
ishani appears to proceed most successfully, ande
to
one or
applications are understood to have been !CI
otmwp.poeogtsi
ientilgiotsine
ornhfaestithoyee
s in the southern
held at Handsworth and other
i tri
friends
Ineudeesnn codefe
declared,
Southinorredd,
nowriStshEntitirmoirtdhesszh:,,e_ireecb,,:enwino
1 division,st whichat stated
d s
occurredo
mbute t
fheaawt mostidvao:,is
_yule
11)13:ler:ot apaPtttcoihba en:ans,e; e:dhsaLtit
o.eevorieadsraliidaloryonL7',emooslartitiesterthwhreha samoet.f
a most important body
obtain a
representative
n.xl,7in_°oluswsalie_,dge of their interests. Mr.
county, were
youthful Lord Ingestre (his cousin),
hca.vTi n.
i however, declined the offer proffered
p jtonayndestelirdr.ayj,
them. At
Lalsvt'oe.vh
i erban
•
ied by Le '
accomPan- - e influential meeting of •
a vet.' tronmasters.
attended
short address
StoWthuer
After a
id the ironmasters only r. W. H.
Sparrow
givehistime to theL wished to ask ono
business of the district, and
islhianiWwoulild
questior!,
really
attend to the deputations of the trade, and generally to
whatever advanced the commerce of the district. Lord
Lewisham replied with much earnestness, " Most on.
tainly I shall do so. I give you every assurance to that
effect. It is my wish and determination to do so." The
Noble Lord, who throughout was received most favour-
ably, then retired, and the meeting at once broke up, it
tieing fully understood that his Lordship would recoivo
the support generally of the ironmasters of South Star.
lordshire. This conclusion would appear to settle dm
election. _

Lord Viscount Molesworth has appointed the Rev.
C. R. de Ilavilatid, M.A., Incumbent of Downside, near
Bath, to be his Lordship's domestic chaplain.
Mr. John Parry sang at a concert at Liverpool, on
Monday evening, to an audience of upwards of two
thousand persons, and was loudly encored in a couple of
his buffo songs. Miss A. Romer and her brother, Mr.
C. Romer, sang several songs with great success; as did
Miss Whitnall, who gave the concert.
TEE PRINCE OF Oassioa.—His Royal Highness
the Prince of Orange accompanied by a numerous suits,
has arrived at Fenton's Hotel, St. James's-street.
HUDDERSFIELD COLLEGE.—The bead mastership of
this institution has been conferred on W. J. Read, Esq.,
13. A., of St. John's C.-Ilege, Cambridge.
The son of a reverend gentleman living in this
town, having purchased pickaxes, spades, and other
tools, has lett Brighton for the purpose of seeking his
fortune in the gold mines of California. Another.of the '
,
reverend gentleman's sons has emigrated to
Brishien Paper

Vtirt Vlibttiou

SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock.

QUEEN'S BENCH.-(THIS DAY.)

TUMULI. V. CRAWLEY.
The question invclved in this case is a most important
one—it is, whether an innkeeper has a lien upon the
goods of a third party for a debt contracted with him.
The plaintiff is a coachmaker in Long-acre, and the de-
fendant is the proprietor of the Norwood Hotel. The
action was brought to recover the possession of a cariage
which he had lint to a lady, named Jordan, who is dead,
and who had resided a shorttime at the defendant's hotel.
The carriage was lent for three, six, or twelve months,
with a pair of horses, belonging to Messrs.. Wim-
bush. After Miss Jordan had resided about three
months at the hotel, she left at the request of the
defendant, as she was unable to pay for the carriage, on
which hor arms bad been put, and a part of her ward-
robe
which was afterwards sold, was detained, but the
,
horses were given up. The verdict at that trial went
for the defendant. A rule was subsequently obtained on
the ground that a landlord could not have a lien on the
property of a third party for a debt contracted by a
guest.
Mr. MARTIN (with whom was Mr. Hayes) showed
cause against the rule. He contended that, as an
innkeeper was bound to provide sustenance for
his guest, he had a lien upon all goods which
appeared to be lawfully in his possession. If he
caused the loss of a guest's goods from want or proper
care, he was liable to make the value good ; and again,
he., had !clearly a lien upon the horse of a traveller
which he had fed, so also had the proprietor of land into
which the horse had strayed and committed injury.
Mr. WHATELY, eho appeared in support of the rule,
held that no landlord was bound to provide sustenance
for all' persons who may enter his house. Mr. Justice
Storey had laid it clearly down that a landlord was not
bound to provide refreshments to persons who, he had
reason to believe, could not pay or were paupers.
Lord DENMAN inquired what eifference there was
between a landlord seizing a portmanteau and a
carriage?
Mr. WHATELY said there could be little doubt that
a portmanteau belonged to the guest; but there might
be doubt about the ownership or a carriage. It was
a common thing for parties who hired carriages to have
their arms put on them.
Lord DENMAN considered that the defendant was jus-
tified in detaining the carriage. The other Judges con-
curred. Rule discharged.

FATAL COLLIERY EXPLOSION,
NEAR BARNSLEY.
EIGHTY-THREE LIVES LOST.
(From the Wakefield Jourva/.)
It is scarce two years since our readers were startled
by an appalling colliery accident which took place at the
Oaks' Colliery, near Barnsley, in which 73 human
beings met with an untimely death. Great as was that
loss of human life it becomes our duty to record an event
of a similar character, which, in its fatal results, by fur
exceeds that at the above woi ks.
The intelligence reached us on Wednesday evening of
another fatal accident in the immediate neighbourhood
of that which took place at the Oaks' Colliery in March,
1847, and en making the necessary inquiries we were
informed that some fifty poor miners had met with in-
stant death by an explosion in a coal-pit near to
Barnsley.
On arriving:at Barnsley:on Thursday morning the cor•
rectness of the rumour received tearful confirmation, and
the gloom which such an event was calculated to en ate
in the locality was too clearly depicted in the sorrowing
aspects of bereaved wives, mothers. and chiluren, who
were wending their way towards the scene of
wholesale devastation, which lies about two miles on
the Sheffield side of Barnsley. After procceeding about
a mile on the road towards the Darley Main Col-
liery (where the fatal accident occurred), we were met
by rude but literal funeral processions following each
other its rapid succession from the pit at Darley, sur-
rounded by frantic widows and childless parents,
who had succeeded, not without some difficulty, in
recognising their own kindred from among the heaps
of fearfully mangled bodies from time to time sent
up from the pit's mouth. The scene was at once savage
and solemn, and on arriving at the works we found a
further crowd of spectators anxiously waiting to know
the fate of missing husbands, sons, and brothers, and
ever and anon the shrieks of the females indicated that
some fresh sufferer's. fate had been made manifest by the
recognition of the body by its friends.
From information gleaned on the spot we learn that
the Darley Main Colliery is about 1,111 yards in length,
'has been regulaily worked fix the last ten or eleven
years, formerly by Mr. Jarrett, hut latterly by Messrs.
Jarrett and Jeflcock, the former of whom resides at
Doncaster and the latter at Sheffiebt.

According to one report we heard on the spot the pit
had not been worked for some three weeks past until
Wednesday, but from another statement (which we
think the more correct) we are informed that the pit had
been regularly worked up to the hour of the accident,
and was only a fortnight since surveyed by Mr. Locke,
of Snapethorpe Colliery. Wakefield, a surveyor, and re-
ported by him in a fit and proper state for work.
On Wednesday morning several hands went down
into the pit to their employ at about four o'elnek, and
wero followed by the major part of the workmen at six.
All seemed to go on the same as ordinary until twenty
minutes to twelve at noon, when a violent ex-
plosion ensued, the re-port from which was
distinctly heard by those parties who were on the
surface. The alarm immediately spread and in
about fifty minutes the atmosphere became suffici-
ently purified to admit of some parties venturing down
the pit's mouth in a skiff, when only a faint idea was en-
tertained of the amount of lives which had been sacrificed.
The mouth of the pit was surrounded b) soy, rat parties,
some insensible, others quite dead, and a few who still
survived were fearfully burned, and only survived a few
hours. The number of sufferers who were rescued from
the scene of destruction up to ten o'clock on Wednesday
was twenty, but, in consequence of the difficulty in as-
certaining the number of hands in the pit at the time of
the accident, all was doubt and uncertainty until Thurs-
day morning, when vigilant measures were taken for re-
pairing the different parts of the pit which had been
blown down, and for this purpose a number of masons
were at once employed to brick up the different broken
compartments, within which:numbers of poor fellows
were securely embedded among the mutilated mass of
earth-work.

This having been partially efftcted, a number of
men proceeded down the shaft, and commenced car-
rying the bodies to the mouth of the pit, from whence
they were sent up to the surtace at intervals, where a
crowd of persons awaited their being landed in a
state of breathless anxiety. The majority of the
sufferers were fearfully mutilated, so much so that
it was totally impossible for many of the relatives
to recognise the mangled corpses, unless by some
peculiarity in the deeeastd'a dress. Nearly all the
bodies last brought out were fearfully mutilated, and
in several instances the head literally scalped, the
hair burnt off, and the viscera obtruding from the
lower portion of the body. A more horrible scene
conld not possibly be conceived, and as cart-loads
one after another were taken away to sur-
rounding houses numbers of maddened and anxious
parents and wives ran after the vehicles and threw
on one side the blankets, in the dreadful anticipation of
recognising some one dear to them. This scene of
horrid suspense continued throughout the early part of
the day, and at three o'clock there only remained three
bodies undiscovered, and these were expected to be found
on turthee masonry being thrown up in the back portion,
or what is technically called the " dip," or lower end of
the pit.
From the dreadful manner in which the sufferers in
this part of the mine were disfigured, and the uniform
destruction of all hands there emplo3ed, the supposition
is that the fire damp explosion originated in that di-
rection.
From later inquiries we learn that the number of
hands, of all descriptions, in the pit, at the time of the
acrAdent, was about 110. Of these twenty-seven were
giJt out out alive on Wednesday evening, three of whom
'After% ards died. The bodies which could not be
reached the same evening were, of Course, quite dead
when they were approached on Thursday, and from a
careful analysis of the numbers we find that the total
number killed is 83, and that the number of hands ascer-
tained to have been in the pit when the explosion en-
sued was from 107 to 110.
Of this number twenty-four only survive, who were
located in a part of the pit were the shock would ap-
pear to have been the least severe. It is therefore
possible that this melancholy event, which has sacrificed
near one hundred lives, and destroyed iii some instances
all the male members of poor families (one instance of
father and three sons being credibly reported to us) has
not left one survivor to r,-cord his impressions of the
first manifestations or cause of this
i explosion.
The seiroine.
The description of men who are employed n col
-are, as our readers are probably aware, of three or four
kinds; and may be divided for ordinary purposes as
Miners, who generally work in pairs, and who are
attended by one 1. 1 " or
ge-
nerally
a —3• • ;There are also a number of boys engaged
as waggoner," who is
das " trappers." whose duties consist in opening and shut-
ting the different "Pa, as the waggons or other things
pass through the shaft. A. third class are " daymen," or
" jobbers," who attend:to all the necessary repairs re-
quired in a pit, and who answer to our notions of a Jack-
of-ail. Trades. ,

, The names of the " collien...da_-
y men," sad "trap-
pers," whose deaths have been fully ascertained, are
respective heads, but the
given,
below, under their
waggon-boys," who have met an untimely end, we are
"
not able to fully supply, in consequence of these parties
being somewhat migratory in their habits, and their real
names and residences only ascertainable in a tow in.
stances. _ _ .

Tte following, with this exception, are the names of
that.° killed in each class resoPctively:—
'Colliers—Jahn, Winder, Thomas Darrin, John Dar-
James Siddons,.Edward Atkinson, John Parsons,
3.2 n. Joseph Swift, John Parsons, jun., Andrew Ham-
?mond, Frank Wilsnn, Edward Hutley, George Winter,
Joseph Sugar, Thomas Hammond, Edward Billington,
Mooney, Thomas Gillott, Charles Brook, Thomas
Firth, John Taylor, George Btffitt, Geo. Haigh, Geo.
Guest, Henry Forth, Geo. Barracloegh, Geo. Tetly,
John Kay, Charles Hammond, John Burton, George
Fisher, John Beavers, William Billington, Geo. Field.
Day Workers or Job Hands—David Brown, William
Humpleby, Isaac Swift.
Horse Drivers (the only names known of the twenty
killed)—Joseph Guest, Joseph Selis, Joseph Ellison,
John'Ellison, 'Moines Humpleby, Isaac Hollin.
Trappers—Thomas Solis, William Hollin, William
Gold, George Harper, Robert Gillott, William Hoylitnd,
Thomas Rutley, Thomas Hardisty.
Of the twenty-tour parties who survive we learn that
the major portion have not sustained any serious injury,

sad that all, with some one or two exceptions, are ex-
pected to survive the injuri( s they have received.
ti, ill respect to the cause of the accident there are a
raultitu,•e ,)f tumours, tending in some instances to reflect
on the negliAcnce of the pri.prietors, and, in others cal-
culated to attribute this melancholy catastrophe to the
reckless daring of the men themselves. All these, how-
ever, are wanting in credibility, as the survivors profess
to be quite ignorant of the immediate cause of the ex-
plosion, and that up to the moment when they received
the shock the " traps" were all acting properly, the air
was as pure in their judgment as usual, and in addition,
that the " foreman" had carefully examined the pit in
all parts the same morning, as was his invariable custom.

At present, therefore, all remains in mystery, save the
astounding loss of life which has resulted. That the dis-
charge must have been tremendous in its force, and ge-
neral throughout the whole pit, is evident from the fearful
mortality among those parties in the pit at the time.
The whole of the bodies are lying in the township
i❑ which the colliery is situated, and will so re-
main until the coroner's inquisition has been insti-
tuted. Mr. Badger, of Rotherham, is the coroner for the
district and purposes opening his inquiry on the spot
on Saturday morning. In the meantime it is anticipated
that a Government Inspector will be down to examine
the work in the course of this day (Friday), and in all
probability the investigation of the causes which led to
the fatal result will form the subject of a lengthened in-
quiry by scientific men, as from its violence and singular
fatality it stands almost without precedent in the annals
of mining explosions.