The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-05 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY EV 144. N !NG, SEPTEMBER 5, 1849,

I very filthy, the rooms small and over-peopled, and the
walls and floors saturated with dirt and riestines.'
" SOMETtS TOWN.
"F. 58, widow of pawnbroker, cholera, 7 days, August.
21, Johnson-street.—Drainage, &c, good; at the back
part of Johnson-street there is a street called Warring-
ton-street, where there are several vaults, which are
very injurious to hedth, as all manner of filth is con •
st ditly thrown in them, and putrid fish, &c ; the ground
on which the vaults stand is to let for building, and per-
sons of loose and disorderly habits congregate therein
night and day.
"F. 64, wife of market gardener, cholera, 7 days,
August 30, 23, Melton-street.—Drainage, &c., good; de-
ceased, who was from the country, came up to attend a
sister at the same house, who died of the same disease.
after 3 days' illness, on the 20th of August, and kissed
her sister just before the funeral. She was in perfect
health when she came to London.
" ISLINGTON (East).
" F. 28, wife of labourer, cholera, 24 hours, Aug. 27,
45, Windsor-street.—Along the back of this_street runs
a ditch or drain partially filled up; the privies of some of
the houses are warm from the coppers in the washhouses
being set next to them; this draws in the smell, which
is very offensive at times.
" ST. GILES (North).
" Mr. Simpson, the registrar of North St. Giles, reports
upon his district in the following terms:—' The deaths
in his district have increased from 9 last week to 17 this,
ending Saturday, Sept. 1, of which 11 were from cholera
and diarrheea. Although the number of deaths from all
causes is more than three times the number in the cor-
responding week of last year, yet the epidemic in
Church-lane, St. Giles's, is on the decline, and it is quite
certain that it arises from the sanitary efforts which have
been employed in cleansing and whitewashing, and the
feeding of the poor Irish families who inhabit these poor
lodging.houses. In Tower street several fatal cases
of cholera have occurred. The houses are densely
populated and badly ventilated, and the inhabitants
complain bitterly of a sewer, which receives the blood
and offal from a butcher's shop in the street, as also the
refuse from a tripe shop at the corner of Lumber-
court. It is constantly emitting the most poisonous ex-
halations to the whole neighbourhood. At 35, Great
St. Andrew-street, the wife of a fishmonger's porter died
from cholera ; the following day a child two years old
expired, and the nurse who attended on the wife is since
dead. The husband was also attacked with cholera,
and has been removed to the workhouse. The room the
family occupied was always close, with a strong effluvia
of stale fish, arising, no doubt, from the drying of soles
skin. The houses are densely populated, and the lo-
cality is not one of the most healthy, as it adjoins Dud-
ley•street and Seven Dials.'
" CLERKENWELL ; Goswell-street.
"F. 70, widow of a general dealer, cholera 30 hours,
28th of August, 6, Spencer-place.—ffer general habits
were cleanly ; but she was lying on a bed the head of
which was against a wall saturated with moisture from
an adjoining privy or water-closet. I was informed that
this had been the case for a long time, and although com-
plaints had been made to the landlord nothing had been
done to remedy the nuisance, the stench from which was
at times intolerable.
EAST LONDON; St. Botolph's.
" M. 6. son of a charwoman, diarrhoea, cholera 17
hours, August 29, :-16, Seven-step-alley, Gravel-lane,
Aldgate.—Close, ill cleansed, and unfavourahle to health;
a locality in which there have been so many deaths from
cholera within the last month that nothing but a re-
modelling or rebuilding of the houses on this spot can
possibly remove the baneful effects of disease, to which
the crowded and dirty habits of its inhabitants render
them a prey.

" SHOREDITCH; Hackney-road.
" M. 58, hawker, cholera 24 hours, not certified, 14th
of August, 2, Charlotte-court.--A very close, crowded,
and ill-drained court. [A parish case, buried without
being registered. The name and the street being fur-
nished, I, with some difficulty, found the person attend-
ing the deceased, who informed me of the particulars
registered.]
" ST. OLAVE'S; St. Olave and St. Thomas.

" F. 38, wife of a hatter, premonitory diarrhea, 3
days, cholera one day, August 23, 9, Webb•street.—
The medical attendant, Mr. Challice, of 4, Alscot-place,
adds on the certificate—' Tho state of the drainage in
this house is pestilential, and the water is in the same
state.'

"BERMONDSEY; St. James.

" Mr. Martin, the registrar of St. James', Bermondsey,
appends the following note to his return:—' It will be
observed that six of the deaths registered this week have
cccurred on the banks of the disgusting tidal ditch so
often reported, now rendered more offensive than ever
from a great length of its narrow part having been
covered in; nearly all the refuse from the very poorest
houses have accumulated at that part of the ditch near
to the new water pipes, and where, under the window of
a typhus patient of mine, might have been seen the
bodies of thirteen dead dogs and cats on one day this
week, beside other offensive matter. As district surgeon,
I have, with great respect, but perfect sincerity, warned
the authorities of the fearful and tremendous respon-
sibility they are incurring.'
" SOUTHWARK; Borough-road.

"To the cases in the neighbourhood of the Borough-
road the following report is appended:—' With reference
to the various streets and dwellings in which deaths
from cholera and diarrhoea have occurred this week, any
observations I could make would be but a repetition of
those conveyed in last week's return ; indeed, the
whole of this district, with the exception of the
leading thoroughfares, may be said to be densely
populated ; it is truly astonishing oftentimes to
find the number of persons who live in the same
house. Of the 14 cases which have occured in the work-
house, it will be seen only one was an inmate. Many
of the other 13 were persons brought in when the disease
had done its worst for them ; one did not survive a quar-
ter of an hour after admission, and some only a few
hours, I have ascertained also that several were per-
sons of very questionable reputation and habits; still,
the sudden and great increase this week ov( r the pre•
ceding clearly shows that those localities which have
been visited by the epidemic, and where it appears par•
tially to have subsided, are by no means to calculate on
security at the present, as will be seen by the following:
—ln the weeks ending August 4th, 11th, 18th, and 25th,
the numbers were 48, 28, 25, and 21. This week I
have registered 33, hence the importance of increased
watchfulness and increased exertions; and this applies
not only to the authorities, but to tradesmen, employers
of workpeople, and heads of families; who can often
impart advice and instruction to their neighbours and
dependents with greater effect than official communica-
tions produce; and thus, whilst the guardians of the
poor and the medical officers of the various parishes are
endeavouring to fulfil their duties, let those to whom I
have referred strengthen their hands and aid their
efforts.'

" LAMBETH; Waterloo-road (Ist Part).
" M. 3, son of a journeyman carpenter, cholera, 14
hours, August 25, 9, Le Graud-place.—Le Grand-place,
where these four deaths occurred, is a small place, con-
taining 12 houses, situate at the back of the Waterloo-
road; one end is close to the wall of the churchyard,
the other runs into a mews at the back of Stamford-
street; the houses have, I believe, two rooms each;
they aro densely populated; and the entrance from the
Waterloo-road is the site of nuisances which increase
the pestiferous atmosphere breathed by the inhabitants.
" M. 20, shoemaker, natural death, cholera 11 hours,
July 25, 5, Bate's-buildings, Broadwall. Inquest.
Bate's-buildings is one of the narrow courts in Broad-
wall crossing the boundary sewer. The house No. 5 has
been the scene of more than one tragedy; a brother of
deceased, a youth of 12 or 14, hung himself—by accident,
it was presumed; a younger sister died of cholera in
July; the mother was next taken ill, and removed to the
workhouse, where she also died of cholera; the next
death was the one now registered. The father, a shoe-
maker, was in the hospital during the period of the ill-
ness and death of his wife and two children.

The disorder has exhibited some indications of a
at Devc,..port. dcatli7, for the we, k en,,ing on
24th, end
e'7l (1;
2 65,
etas,
daily,t
s'-',
S ifis;
1 2(.S;r i t'
15;1(7
30th, 6; 31st, 7. Several uninfected families have been
placed on board the Leda, hulk off Mutton Cove. Their
ingress to, and egress from the ship, is very Froperly
placed under regulation.
At Stoaehouso the deaths for the week ending on the
Ist of September are 4, against 13 for the week ending
on the 25th and 16 for the week ending on the 18th of
August. The-cholera hospital has nut been used. From
the commencement of the disorder, on the 2d of July,
to the Ist of September, the t0:,51 deaths have been
121, of whom 23 belonged to the Plymouth division of
Royal Marines.

The navy, during the week, has been unaffected.
There are no patients in the cholera hospital in the
dockyard, but nearly 200 artisans are out on the sick
list for diarrhcel, giddiness in the head, and tick sto-

The Royal Marines are perfectly healthy, the average
number only of casual sick being in the Royal Naval
Hospital.
Royal Artillery.— One death during the neck. Bom-
bardier Johnson, a respect'Ale man, was removed from
the Plymouth citadel, on Tuesday, the 28th, and died
at the Royal Military Hospital, Stoke, on Wednesday,
August 29.
The 28th Regiment in the Citadel, and the 82d at
Mount Wise, are all well.
The cholera visits with extraordinary
severity the
smaller towns and villages which are attack& d. Caw-
sand and Kingsand, adjoining fishing towns, to tie
south of Mount Edgecotnbe, containing together about
700 inhabitants, have lost 61 during the last 10 days.
.At Beeralston the disorder has been even more fearful,
and the miners who work in that vicinity have, through
fear, fled the place.

BRISTOL, SEPT. 4.
Notwithstanding all the precautionary measures
adopted, and the very zealous efforts of the medical offi-
cers employed by the corporation of the puor the cholera
is decidedly on the increase. The following is the re-
turn this day from the cholera hospital provided:—
" St. Peter's Hospital, September 4.—Diarrhoe2, 96
approaching cholera, 5; cholera, 24; deaths, 10." The
disease is spreading in Lewins Meade, a populous place,
principally inhabited by Irishmen and the lower orders.
It has likewise made its appearance at the Hotwells,
there having been 2 cases at Avon-crescent, and 1 at Ca-
roline place.
From the district of Bedminster our accounts are also
unfavourable, as will be seen by the subjoined report
from the cholera hospital for the last two days:—Bed-
minster, Sept. 3—diarrhcel, 10; cramp, 4, cholera, 5;
death, 1. Sept. 4—diarrhoea, 12; cramp, 2; cholera, 3;
deaths, 3.

In St. Philip and Jacob it is still prevalent, and three
deaths are reported to-day, one of which took place in
Marsh-street and one in Gloucester-lane.

In Stapleton workhouse there have been 27 new cases
of diarrhoea, 3 approaching cholera, 6 cholera, and 6
deaths.

The weather continues very unfavourable.

MERTHYR AND NEIGHBOURHOOD.

Our accounts from this district are not quite so fa-
vourable as they have been. At Merthyr the disease
has increased, and likewise at Dowlais. The following
is the official return for Monday, Sept. 3—Merthyr, at-
tacked 10, dead 7; Dowlais, attacked 4, dead 2; Aber-
dare, attacked 4, dead 2. Total number of cases from
the commencement—attacked, 3,381; dead, 1,412.

THE HEALTH OF LONDON DURING
THE WEEK.
(From the Registrar- General's Return)
The deaths registered in London in the week end-
ing Sept. 1 were 2,796, of which 1,663 were by
cholera, 234 by diarrhoea. The mortality exceeds
that of any previous week. The greatest number
ever registered before in any week since 1840 was
2,454 deaths, in the week ending Dec. 4, 1847, when
the last epidemic of influenza prevailed. In the
cholera epidemic of 1832, parish clerks, in the old
bills of mortality, returned 1,021 burials for the week
ending Aug. 28 ; which, allowing for the defects in
their returns, and for increase of population, are
equivalent to 2,450 deaths at the present time. The
burials after that week in 1832 declined.
The mortality is nearly three times the average of
the season, and is sensibly felt all over the metropolis ;
but the inhabitants of the north and west districts,
and people in the distance, can yet scarcely form a
notion of the suffering on the south side the Thames,
and since the middle of August, in the east districts,
" the 12th, 13th, and 14th of August," says one of
the registrars of Bethnal-green, " will long be remem-
bered in this neighbourhood, the outbreak of this
fatal disease being without any adequate preparation ;
surgeons were wanted in many places at once; the
hurried passimg and repassing of messengers, and the
wailing of relatives, filled the streets with confusion
and wo, and impressed on all a deep sense of an
awful calamity."
Cholera has already destroyed, in this epidemic,
9,129 lives in London.

As it is one of the purposes of the Registration
Act to ascertain the "causes of death," and of the
weekly tables not to gratify idle curiosity, but to
point these out to the public, the registrars have been
requested to give all the information they can re-
specting the state of every part of their districts.
This many of them have taken considerable pains to
do, and their notes will, it is hoped, be found service-
able to the guardians and medical inspectors, now and
at future times. For it is important to bear in mind
that cholera only brings into a strong light the
localities which elaborate calculations in the annual
reports prove are at all times fatal to the health and
life of the inhabitants.

After the perils of this terrible week we seem to
see land ; but as many thousands of lives may be
lost in an epidemic by negligence, so many thousands
may be saved by skill, vigilance, and energy—by
more ample supplies of water—by the rapid removal
of nuisances from the houses and streets—by the
prompt administration of medical appliances and other
comforts, by the active co operation of the medical
profession, of the boards of guardians, of employers,
of every householder, of every individual, with the
Board of Health, and health officers.
Of the 9,129 deaths from cholera, 4,731 occurred
on the south side of the Thames.

RETURN OF DEATHS FROM CHOLERA IN THE WEEK
ENDING SEPTEMBER 1.

London (population 1,948,369 i), 1,663.
WEST DrsTnrczs.—Kensington (74,898), 34; Chelsea
(40,243), 29; St. George, Hanover-square (66,657), 10;
Westminster (56,802), 75; ' St. Martin-in-the-Fields
(25,132), 10; St. James, Westminster (37,457), 11.
Total, 169.
NORTH DlSTRlCTS.—Marylebone (138,383), 41; Pan-
cras and Hampstead (140,078), 56; Islington (55,779),
15; Hackney (42,328), 11. Total, 123.
CENTRAL DISTRICTS.—St. Giles (54,378), 30; Strand
(43,667), 15 ; Holborn (44,532), 9 ; Clerkenwell
(56,799), 18; St. Luke (49,908), 22; East London
(39,718), 22; West London (29,188), 45; London, City
(56,009), 33. Total, 194.
EAST DlSTRlCTS.—Shoreditch (83,564), 139 ; Beth-
nal-green (74,206), 128; Whitechapel (71,879), 74; St.
George in the East (41,416), 15; Stepney (90,831), 64;
Poplar (31,171), 27. Total, 447.
SOUTH DISTRICTS.—St. Saviour (33,027), 65 ; St.
Olave (19,869), 41; Bermondsey (35,002), 70; St.
George, Southwark (46,718), 77; Newington (54,693),
93; Lambeth (116,072), 181; Camberwell (39,931), 56;
Rotherhithe (13,940), 20; Greenwich (81,125), 89;
Wandsworth (39,918), 31; Lewisham (23,051), 8.
Total, 730.
The following remarks on the weather during the
month of August, 1849, are by Mr. Glaisher:—Till the
12th the air was in very little motion, from the 12th to
the 16th it moved rather quickly, and from the 17th it
was frequently in a calm state. At the beginning of the
month the sky was frequently cloudy, but at times it
was free from clouds; during the latter part of the
month, it was nearly always overcast, accompanied with
a very hazy atmosphere; at times the haze and mist
were so dense as to cause a great gloom. Within the
last seven or eight days of the month London was not
visible from Greenwick Park, it was hidden by a dense
fog-like mist which hung over the city. After the first
few days of the month the temperature ranged high, and
towards the end the air was close and oppressive;
scarcely any rain fell, the atmosphere was dry; the
reading of the barometer, at the height of 159 feet,
ranged from 29'46 in. on the 13th, to 30.22 in., on the
22d; the temperature of the air varied from 42'4 to
82*5, thus exhibiting a difference of reading within the
month of 40.1; on some days at the beginning of the
month the difference of temperature on the same day ex-
ceeded 30 deg., the average difference of day and night
from the 22d was 17 deg.
From the tables prepared, it appears that the reading
of the barometer exceeded the average by 0.066 in., and
that the water mixed with the air counterbalanced a
column of mercury of less than its average height by
o'o3o in., and therefore the pressure of dry air exceeds
its average value by the sum of these two quantities, viz..
e e
fromded the
n
by 0.093 in., the temperatureofatvheeagio valuer exceeded
average by 2 deg. 1 min. The average
years is 60 deg. 8 min., the years in which the averages
for August have been as high as in this year, are 1778,
1800, 1802, ISO 7, 1818, 1819, 1826, and 1846. Notwith-
standing this high temperature of the air those of evapo-
ration and dew points were below their average value,
and consequently there has been less than the average
weight of water mixed with the air; the additional weight
of water required to saturate a cubic foot of air was 1.8
grains; the average quantity is 1 grain; this implies
great dryness; the degree of humidity in the air was
0 727 only, its average value being 0-110 more. Nu
August in this series of years has been so dry; the sky
has been :more clouded than usual; rain has fallen on
three days only, and the amount collected is less than
an inch; so small a quantity of rain has not fallen in
August since the year 1819. The number of days on
which rain fell in August, 1848, was 29, and the amount
collected was 44 inches. The amount of electricity in
the atmosphere was small throughout the month.

PRESERVATION OF LEECIIES.—Many of the readers
of your journal may be unaware of an extremely simple
method of preserving leeches clean and healthy, which I
have found to answer exceedingly well. It is as fol-
low s:—At the bottom of the. jar containing the leeches
place a layer, about half an inch thick, of common sand
(such as is used for domestic purposes), after washing
it in several waters to remove any soluble or extraneous
matter.—
emespondent of the Pharmaceutical Journal

MO R TAL IT Y 111 the METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATRS Fro:,,i ALL CAUSES REGIS LEI;ED LN
TEE WEEK .E2;3)ING SKI lII.IJAI, SEPT. 1, I'l4l.
Epi,'!,,inc, End€mio, and Coilto.gious Disc:ascs ...''2OC,9
DiSt;tlEC3 of Uncertain Seat ... ~ ... „, -52
Tubercular Diseases ... ... ••• ••• ~. 165
Pis-oases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses-. ... 135
Diseases of the Heart end Blood-vessels ... ... 33
Diseases of thu Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration ... ••• d•• ••• . .„94
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion... •.. ••• -•• ••• ... 72
Diseases of the Kidney s, &c. . ••• ••• 5
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, Ba. ... ... 9
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c. ... ••• ••• ... 1
Malformations... ... ••• ...
Premature Birth ... ... •• ••• ... 25
Atrophy ..• ... 32
Old Age ... ... ... 52
Sudden ... ... ... ••• • 1.1. ••
Violence, Privation, Cold, or Intemperance
Causes not specified

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES

... 27

... 2,79 G

Pcpulation Average weekly Deaths
Enunteraied, Deaths, 1844-8 in the

1811 Five 8u millers. Week
%Vest Districts... 300,711 . . 147 ... 353
North D.,tricts.. 375,971 .. 191 ... 309
Central Districts 373,653 ... 183 ... 386
East Districts ... 392,444 ... 227 ... 712
South Districts.. 501,190 ... 260 ... 1,036

T0ta15........ 1,948,369 ... 1,008 ... 2,796
Males . ... ... ... ... 1,321
Females ... ... ... ... ... 1,475

M t GAZINES, &c.—(CONTINUED.)

COLBURN'S NETV 1110.NTTIL Y.

The opening paper of the present number will be
r',.?.2.:1 with a melancholy interest by all admirers of
genius; it is entitled " fosthurnous Memoirs of Mysel,
by Horace Smith, Esq." It is introduced by the fol-
lowing note from the editor :
" Accidental circumstances prevented the appearance
' of this tale during the lifetime of its gifted and lamented
author, but the proofs were corrected by him. Taken
in connexion with the melancholy event which so
speedily and unexpectedly followed its composition, the
article presents a singular coincidence of title, and be-
comes invested with deep and peculiar interest."
We find in another portion of the magazine a bio-
graphical account of the two celebrated brothers
James and Horace Smith, the authors of the "Re-
ject( d Addresses." The following Rill, perhaps, be
new to many of our readers :
" Shelley and Horace Smitb were intimate friends. He
always spoke with high regard both of that logy poet
and his writings. lie did not, however, applaud the
mistaken theories of that enthusiastic genius in h;s
youth; theories which Shelley himself subLequently
modified. Thc,ugh Shelley is my particular friend,'
said Smith, I regret the imprudence of his publications
on more points than one; but as I know him to possess
the most exalted virtues, and find in others, who also
promulgate the most startling theories, the most amiable
traits, I learn to be tolerant towards abstract specula.
tions, which, not exercising any baneful influence on
their authors' lives, are still less likely to corrupt
others. Truth is great, and will prevail; that is my
motto; and I would therefore leave everything un-
shackled, for what is true stands, and what is falseought
to fall, whatever the consequences.'"
Mr. Skene continues his valuable series on the
" Spirit of Change in Southern Europe," and is himpre-
sent contribution furnishes us with much valuable
information on the state of public opinion in Greece,
and in the lonian Islands ; and we have also an ela-
borate review of Lamartine's recently published "His-
tory of the Provisional Government." Mr. Robert
Harris gives us an interesting account of "A Day
passed at Syracuse in September, 1847 ;" and Mr.
Blundell continues his admirable description of the
" Eastern Settled Districts in Australia." Soapey
Sponge continues his sporting tour with spirit, but
he must certainly yield the palm to M. Casimir
Blondeau, the Frenchman, whose " Account of the
Sights of London " is the most amusing compound
of vanity and shrewdness, sense and absurdity, wit
and philosophy, that has of late years been presented
to the public.

METROPOLITAN.
The opening paper of the Metropolitan, " Have
you ever been Behind the Scenes ?" is, we fear, an
" ower true tale ;" it exhibits a sad picture of heart-
lessness on the part of the aristocratic hero, and
of unmerited suffering on the part of the unfor-
tunate,
heroine. The author of " Swissiana '
contributes a new translation (at least the
thousandth) of Schiller's " Walk to the Forge."
Thera is also a review of Mr. Buckingham's
very Utopian project for a model town of 10,000
persons, from which all intoxicating liquors or sub-
stances, and all weapons of war, as well as all
gunpowder and other explosive compounds, and to-
bacco, in every shape, is to be excluded; besides
continuations of the various novels and romances in
the course of publication in the Metropolitan, and
some very tolerable poetry.