The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-19 00:00:00

A collection of documents laid before
puties has lately come into our possessio:
it gives of all matters relative to Algiers
by the French in July, 1830, is singulr
whole is divided into two chief parts: the
occupation, the second to the administration of the territory.
As a specimen, we give the following translation of the
second di vision of the second part:—
"ORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT AND
ADMINISTRATION SINCE THE CONQUEST.
" GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
" FIRST EPOCH, FROM THE CONQUEST (JULY 5, 1830) TO THIS
SENDING OUT OF THE FIRST CIVIL INTENDANT (DECEMBER
12,
takingunta sdleerht f 0
ofi
sAlgiersthecity
ut
oey r
i a Gt
kither ra rl
tiponor-y wCehorf Algiers.
i e
tf ofm ethe et
busied himself in laying the foundation of a civil
nae dxe eti
,dnA pst itt
rBoreo3anr
vt theiibdou.ne sd, a
He founded, by a decree of the 6th of July, 1830 (the day
atter the occupation of the city), a Commission of Govern-
the wants of the moment, and to propose to him a system of
organization for the future.
" This comission was composed of the Intendant-in-Chief
of the Army, who was President ; of a Field- Marshal, a Pay..
master-General, a Lieutenant- General of Police (whose office
was not officially created till the 13th of July), the Consul of
France, and a Secretary. It proposed to the General-in-
Ceief, and through him decided on the formation of a Muni-
cipal Council, composed of natives, and presided over by one
of them. This Council, as far as concerned the inhabitants
of Algiers, took the place of the ancient Scheikh-el-Belad
(Chief of the City), in part of its prerogatives ; as much as
concerned the police was reserved to the Lieutenant-General
of Police. For the rest, the different civic institutions were
allowed to continue as they had been found ; the Jewish com-
munity with its chief, the corporations of the Mozabites,
the Biskris, the Lagronats, &c., with their amins (chiefs of
corporations).
• As far as regarded the political organization, this was not
preserved ; the' expulsion of the Turks demolished all the
machinery of the ancient Government. No authority suc-
cN eded that of Khasnadji, the Kodja-el-Kheil, the Mektoubdji,
in ;l of other leading officers of the Government. One only of
those offices, that of Agha, was momentarily re-established.
" General Clausel arrived at Algiers on the 2d of Septem-
b-r, 1830, and immediately busied himself about an adminis-
,crlaiiteivhehois predecessorrganization. hHadc kept uopnity he hemuenstiacibplisalheidnstiietutio
con-
nexion with the municipality, a commissary of the French
King, who exercised the administrative prerogatives of our
Mayors. For the general administration of the country, he
created, on the 16th of October, a Committee of Government,
composed of three members—one for Justice, another for the
-Interior, the third for the Finances, and presided over by the
Intendant of the Army, who took the title of Intendant of the
kingdom of Algiers.
" SECOND EPOCH FROM THE NOMINATION OF THE FIRST CIVIL
INTENDANT (DEC. 12, 1831), TO THAT OF TIE FIRST GO-
VERNOR-GENER•L (JULY 22, 1834).
" A Royal order, of the Ist of December, 1831, considering
that, even if it had been necessary, in the first period which
followed the occupation of the country of Algiers, to leave
the civil and military powers united in a single hand, it was ne-
vertheless necessary to the well-being of the establishment
that those powers should be divided ; that justice, civil admi-
nistration, &c., might take a regular course, confided the di-
rection and superintendence of all the civil departments in
Algiers, that of all the financial departments, and that of the
administration of justice, to a Civil Intendant placed under
the immediate orders of the President of the Council (M.
Casimer Perier.)
" There was in connection with the Commander-in-Chief
and the Civil Intendant, a Council of Administration, com-
posed of the Commander-in-Chief, President, the Civil In-
ti ndant, the Commander of the naval station, the Military
Intendant, the Inspector-General of Finances, and the
Director of the Domains.
fined, and whose relation with the Military Chief, the deposi-
Tinhisis traotregr,anwizhaetsioen
plraearteed gatbiluets awfeewre month ths. The
seffieie Civil
etlyde.
tary of the political authority, was not at all regulated, could
not remain by his side in the state of independence to which,
by virtue of the order of the Ist of December, he had pre-
tensions, without the result of many injurious collisions.
These collisions were such that it was soon judged expedient
—lst, to reunite the civil intendancy and the military cots-
mind under one authority, that of the Minister of War, to
whom were given some of the prerogatives which pertained
during some months to the President of the Council ; 2d, to
place the Civil Intendant absolutely under the orders of the
Military Commander, without otherwise changing his prero-
gatives, and without confounding anew the civil and military
administrations which were henceforth to remain distinct.
" For this mid the order of the Ist of December, 1831,
was revoked by that of the 12th of May, 1832. The Council
of Administration now kept up was to be composed in the fol-
lowing manner : —of the General-in-Chief, who was to be
President ; the Lieutenant-General charged with the in-
sr action of the troops, Vice-President; the Naval Commander,
the Civil Intendant, the Military Intendant, the Inspector..
General of Finances, the President of the Tribunal.
" In spite of all these precautions the same collisions were
soon renewed between the Civil Intendant and the General-in-
Chief.
" The Commissioners of Africa (La Commission d'.Afrique),
w'iom their journey to Algiers in the course of the year 1833
rendered a witness of this state of affairs, perceived the incon-
venience and sought a remedy. They thought to find it in
the suppression of the civil intendancy, and in the establish-
ment of a system analogous to that which exists in our
colonies. They consequently proposed a Governor-General,
in whom all authority, both civil and military, should be vested,
and a Council of Administration, where all administrative
questions of general interest should be discussed, in the pre-
sence of the Governor. This Council, over which the Go-
vernor should preside, was to be composed of the heads of
differentrr,sTt ri:et
idme enapjeafrtiatmye
on ft st,
Directorh andese of
ideasa
jretisct
wel
Justice,
ay
adopted
Directorw i tlire sppeyefettthheteo
Glceiotvvei
erl
riaendri,
amnidnisateDeisredeetcorre ofdecree
oFf Finances, alljcsets,of
t he independentfollowing
so fe petaecmh
boetlri.e r.
mnit, and the project of the Commissioners in great pare
realized by the Royal Order of the 22d July, 1834, and the
" THIRD EPOCH, FROM THE SENDING OUT OF THE FIRST omits-
NOR-GENERAL (JULY 22, 1834) TO FEBRUARY, 1838.
" According to the terms of the order of the 22d July, 11534,
the general command and the head administration of the
French possessions in the North of Africa were confided to a
Governor-General, under the orders of the Minister of War.
A General Officer commanding the troops, a Civil Intendant,
a General Officer commanding the Marine, a Procureur-
General, a Military Intendant, and a Director of Finances
were charged, under the orders of the Governor, with the
different civil and military departments, and composed his
Council, where he had the power of calling, with a delibera-
ti7e voice, the heads of the special departments (such as the
Directors of bridges and highways, of fortifications, domains,
customs, &c. ), whom the object of discussion might concern.
The French possessions were placed under the regime of
Royal orders. The Governor-General was charged with the
framing in Council of the designs of such orders, and he had
the power of rendering these executory provisionally, and its
extraordinary and urgent cases, by the way of decree.
" Special orders were to define the prerogatives of the Go-
vernor-General and of the Council, as well as of the organisa-
tion of the civil administration, of the administration of jus-
tice, and of that of finances.
" This organization has since been modified by a Ministe-
rial decree, dated the 2d of August, 1536, which still remains
in full force. The general economy of the preceding organi-
zation has for most part been continued ; but, on the one
hand, the heads of the various departments are authorized to
correspond with the Minister directly, and without the inter-
vention of the Governor; on the other hand, the Civil In-
tendant has under his orders the financial department and the
Director of Finances.
"This last disposition has given rise to other difficulties;
the inconveniences which it has produced have called forth the
particular care of Government, and these are at this moment
the objects of its new and serious deliberation.
" CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.

" The civil administration of the French possessions in
the North of Africa, is intrusted, under the orders of the Go-
vernor-General, to the Civil Intendant residing at Algiers,
and to two Civil Sub- Intendants resident at Oran and Bona.
" The Civil Intendant has the direction of all departments
of the civil administration. He unites the different preroga-
tives which in France arc vested in the prefects and mayors,
excepting so far as relates to the acts of the Civil State.
" The Civil Sub-Intendants have, under the direction of
the Intendant, the same prerogatives, each in the city where
he resides.

" Experience has taught that the power given to the dif-
ferent heads of offices composing the provincial commissions
to enable them to be masters of all the questions which might
occupy the Council of Administration, operated as a means of
creating great embarrassment to the superior authority, and
of disturbing the unity of action it is so useful to maintain.
Consequently the Commissioners cannot now assemble, except
under the special authority of the Governor-General, and only
to give their advice on subjects determined by such authority.
—(Decree of the 10th Oct., 1836. )
" MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION.
The Municipal Administration of the cities of Algiers!
Oran, and Bona, is intrusted to the Intendant, to the Civil
Sub-Intendants, and under their immediate directiotito a
municipal body, composed of a Mayor, a French Assistant,
aity an
Mussulmau Assistant, and, according to the c
Israelitish Assistant, and Municipal. o
rial decree of the Ist of September, 1834.)e
—l°out of the
(Ministe.
" The Mayors and Assistants,.'
whoit functions relative to
municipal funds, are charged with .
a s, both municipal and
C unsellpoarsid.
the civil state, and with other function _
b are delegated to them.
relating to the police,composed of French and
lusmabreer and proportion for each
by an decree of the Governor-General.
native Notables, hNeotMabulensic,ipaanld tChneiwurhninci
1 ,cality are determineddr
tthe Intendant or Civil Sub-Inten-
dant,by the Mayor ; they only de-
liberate and in d by the President as the order of
They are presided.defaultovecf
them,
the day.
on matters
municipal council of the city of Algiers is composed
,‘ The
of whom 10 are French, six Mussulmans, and
name
of 19 Imsreamelbieter2—(Governor-General's decree of the 18th of
tNhorveeember, 1834.) Those of Oran and Bona of five French-
men, three Mussulmans, and one Israelite.—(Decree of the
023 of December, 1834.)
~ The mayors have among their offices the keeping of the
registers of the civil state, authority ever the municipal police,
the rural police, and the employment of thepublic force. They
are besides charged with all those particular offices which be-
long to administration of communities properly so called, and
they fulfil the functions of officers of judiciary police.... Tim a