The Sun.
London, England, 1813-06-01 00:00:00

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1"110,.lect they reduced the natives to fretiiy
I'l dcipair ! In India some of the cotton pro=
.Iced wes prepared by bard labour, in a manner
iifierent• from that prepared any where else. It
ottlil he so prepared in India alone, on account
11 the low price of labour in that country. That
lOttOli so prepared, if brought here, avonld com-
rasnl a higher price than any which had ever ap—
Peared ia this country, and our cotton-weavers
~,uld be able to produce such yarn as had never
Jeeti produced yet. From the superiority of the
alachiaery of
_this country, we could supply India
ih spite of the difference between the price of la-
bour thete and here (labour being there paid at
the rate ec two-pence per day), with spun yarn at
,i6oht half the price which it at present cost them,
'l''ough cotton were assumed to be only 3d. per lb.
•'here, and in England 2s. 6,1. In proof of this,
#'t ipmed the evidence of Mr. Lee, of Man-
'''p'eter, a Gentleman who was not one of those
algeine spendatora 'of whom they had heard
much, who wens not a mere theorist„but a prac-
'cal man. That the tine cotton of which he had
r)keli had never carne into competition. with
i't Georgian wool ; he accounted for from this cir-
i/mstance—GeOrgia had enjoyed a free trade-- had been oppressed by a monopoly. But
fee this they would' not now have beard of the
practicability of producing the finest cotton,
ilrOnl India. If advantage: like those to which he
Pet( for Ward were- to be derived from a free
trap.lle tl India, be wished to know what advan-
ea,",:hvete to be scented to the people of this-
,,-;4lrY, by way of compensation, if this trade
car-
tied
thalied to them ? The trade to India, as car-
ti,,,l l',‘lll the Company, had been a losing trade,
re„,',g' tent to China was successful. 'The re-.
ot 1"„ af India bail been said• to amount to 16
trim '4);000 of money. - He could not conceive
col,t it Ivan in the preSent system which made the
Posl;l1Y. with revenues so immense at their dis-
-11(:d,:„.11")InPetent to fulfil. their engagements.---
tut, ."'ted whether the affairs.of India were heat
toil to a monopoly. Most writers on po.li-
, til.. economy bud censured monopolies as inau-
-I,,iiutt.o the countries whic,. maintained then). lie
hO,Ol ' to ask the advocates for the East India mo-
itt!'t r?' i.t the speech of Lord Grenville on this sub-
-1 ',as that of a theorist ? lie thought of a phi-
-431111er
atattin . 3 a politieat economist, and a practical
1)44. L'4". In this speech the inconsistencies of the
vat
sl,l` qsetn were' strongly pointed out, and it
it
.v limn of what jarring and
.conflict elements
~`(t!s_ composed. The arrangement now, pro-
LiTost he had complained of, as going to make it
e2l sable for the 1-4;nglish Merchant to enter into
.I;l4l44.etiTtiot. with Foreigners,' or with 'the Com-
faerl, he C4mTany, or those connected with
ta,„„ ;.,hen speaking on this subject, held lan-
%tar 'l,te this--." thty" (the private Merchants)
I,_,
teiliter into competition with Os, will they ? p".ti
_llcm—we'll soon give them enough of it." I:_e i twat% er, was not afro id, if the Merchants tre once admitted to a fair competition ;
Pradence
. management anc their
Company ; but if the I'Le(11""
Company chose to carry..
would defeat
on a ruinous trade for the purp- pose
'V their rivals, they might
. ,and he
at of it ' saw nothing in the plan of the
dr-i,:ea?iy getting rid
'able Lord that Merchants
gave tiny security against this.
. 01,1'.1.10 ine.ana wished to speak dtsrespectful-
'On ' thr Pire.etOrS Or the List India 'Cinn-
. yei or of the great body 'of the. Company-. but
`e wild not help observing, that in what fell
Mat them, he Often perceived the spirit which
Iglu I.)e F)oked for in monopolists, hut not from
verce, "
• ens. The increasing price of the produce
t India come„e,,_,,quent upon a free trade, they tlepre-
kb_Tsan evil, though it vvai.ntivantageous to their
4.11(i/e,,lt He'thought this a subject for rejoicing ;
tot
tiiroi avt they aia
a not was a powerful arginnent
Nod ore', that they were not so anxious for the
be „,`ti)ose under them as i,overeigns ought to
~,lii4ilti, heir . ideas,, however, though not what
ever, he loolici for in "the Sovereigns of India,
Leadei?liisterit in British Merchants. It Was in
that .rt -street and: not in •Downing-street,
"(I iat 1,',1.1,.,61; off in the Revenue was anticipated;
net ill 4i's among the, despotic lords of Asia, and
111 1 '"at House, ,that alarm was first felt for
e f.ally
tl'iglit "ers with which a change .in the trade
'entviailillenaee the British Constitution. He was
.4,tatt,‘d,g to notice smuggling, as that would be
t"aa lie"hy Gentlemen more acquainted with it.
e'ctell4,ll/a5, but he would wish to see eommerce
,;,4tethiol " lunch as it could be, and trust to that
'he 0! °f trade for an increase of revenue.
144'c *lleillties of making a change in coin-
,.thta in ,were generally greater in apprehension
".1,e,, th'eAlity, and be sipluld not be surprised,
Ilea weretrittle to'l,ndia; China, and South Attie-
4ti ext.: thrown open, if there should be so great
kilerabli,l s.l°n of trade, as even to benefit very con-
4liteti, 1 the Port of London. But in a question
tile gi,,g, the inhabitants of' so large; a poition of
'4 %)e. tl ,
~ litty , ' Icy ought not to put the petty chtiins.
.111' "It wtaimt the interests of an Empire, the
"et t.• ' -
‘,,(441. felons of the city orLondon against the
I,'Ll'es. e i)if so many millions of their fellow crea-
It'ith ~ 'e hoped they would no more be deterred
,rthoiLetlitig the trade to India, by the petitions
I.+:4t
, IntereSted in the continuance of the pre-
"to,',,,h'te,in, than they had. been deterred by the
the 31751°118 Of the slave dealers from-abolishing
th avetrad .
t.! (a, L. With respect to the duration of
Whet' aller, he wished to
he
it to the Noble Lord
!:,z,yr,nilrtor not, it would he desirable to extend it
iv,„ en years. , -
)/,,141.1; h(i.paay'r, sen. said, of all the questions
'liat, , '". ever been discussed, this was perhaps
Its, v'eli from want of prepos-
knowledge and,
ti Ilq, biAl 1 1 of •
-er11%,,N. ` e( those out doors who thought
t;11,.e interested in it, into the greatest mis-
lkis thet was but recently, from the exaggerated
til ..y had formed. that India was hooked to
glints!hatiintrilize
.an immense mart for British flier-
ittnenii_
.„). winch would make our manufacturers
length he
r. si/or all they had suffered in a twenty years
,1114 t the. t perceived with satisfaction
r. illuiio a
ed, an 1 Iv Were in a great degree dissi-
' that the most sanguine speculators no
user looked t .
mat ~. 0 India as furnishing the means
i)nds Lrvolei.iy extending the market for British
i.,), Twit+,
....,,erritery,
mentioned
to the Company's claims
,peeti,,
wic as. their property, entioned in the
aii}eak,,,, , , Bleb =had been referred to hy: the last
1',t!,0,i,,11, ,'d le would observe, that theirindian pos-
Aicts
`"'„ furl' " been acquired under the sanction of
`
lanletit,o with the treasure of the
ki.

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, .
tonsisait'?, at their own COrt \ and
The right' of tu East India Ctimpany to
theM had Been so far recognised ass to be left
for future decision ; and this wAs a qUestion
which lie thought of ht to be decided, not in
that House, but in-the Courts of Law. no, was
surprised to find opinions. expressed in that high
quarter which had been referred to of such a na-
ture, that though they were -Maintained thirty or
forty.years ago, they grad been thought in nt.) *aY
justifiable in later years. To prove this, he went
on to spew, that withoor the interference of Go-
vernmeot, a system of laws had been established by
which the administration of impartial justice Was
secured in India. It was said, that the Company,
to support their character as sovereigns, had boa
rowed money to carry on their commerce.
denied that such .a circumstance occurred at any--
time within the last nineteen years. Having re-
plied to various other arguments which had been
used against the Company, he noticed the charge
preferred against them of receiving-their territorial
revenues inkind. This was not theirpractice. From
the East to the West, over the whole surfabe of their
possessions, he knew but of one instance of it, and
that was in the article of cotton. Tills was con.,
fined to one small district, the Company
had found this to be the established and ancient
practice,and there, as was agreeable to the in-
,habitaitts, they had 'allowed it to continue. With 1,
respect to the purchases made of the people, he
contended, their goods were botizht at an equi-
table price ; the natives were satisfit'd, and he bud'
heard of no complaints on the subject except from'
a few interested cotton merchiuts. As to what
had been said of the supply of fine cottons to be
obtained froM India, the Company were ready to
co-operate with Government iii„,any thing which .
could make the produce of India serviceable to this
country. This cotton, however, was invariably
only called for in war, and therefore it was im-
possible to put it fairly in competition with the
.Georgian.wool. No good .could be done in this
respect, unless -the arrangement were made per-
manent; If it were cafled for one. or two years,
great speculations would be entered into in India.
for raising cotton ; and if' the Georgian cotton
should then furnish a supply, so that them-should
no longer be a call for.thist raised in Indict, those
who had engaged in such speculations must be
ruined. If India were called upon to furnish -
Co-ton and Hemp when' we Were 'at war with
America and Russia, and could no longer find a -
market for her commodities, when their ports.
were opened to us again, it was vain to expect a
supply when it was wanted. It had ..been said,
that we could supply India .with spun-yarn ; but
so many lived in India by spinning it, that to in,
troduce it' from England woold be to ruin the
whole mass of the:population. He denied that
the India trade, as carrie&on by the Company,
had been uniformly a losing trade, and had
no doubt that it Would be seen, if the proofs'
were gone into, that the Company bad gain-
ed more by it than the private merchants,—
The South American trade, which had been
mentioned in the discussions on that subject,
he wa's Of opinion was not likely to be profitable
to us if thrown open, and such as it was, it was
' not likely to be thrown open by the Government
of South Anierica.. It was not prof able that.
merchants or Mir .could find, employ here.
It was said of the Company, eotwithstatuliog their'
good government, that they were *actuated by a
commercial spirit, because they refused to admit
an unlimited nuniber of British merchants into all
parts of India. He begged to say, that this mea-
sure bad been adopted with something higher thari
a commercial view. The last speaker asked, Was
. it fOr Parliament to attend to the representations
of 'a petty port, Where the fate of an. empire was
to be decided ? They would say with him, that it
was the duty of Parliament to attend to the Mil-
lions whose fate Was in their hands ; and it was
for their good that he opposed the change pro-
posed, convinced as he was, the present system
was essential to their security'.
..Nlr..PutLies in explanation; read a letter to
prove, that 'Supplying India with spun yarn would
not prove injurious to the population of the coon-
try, as a greater nnniberof hands wouldbe employ-
ed in preparing-the cotton by hand labour, to an- •
sWer the deinund which there 'won't' be for it. in
this country, than- were at; present occupied in
spinning it.
MI% CANNING agreed with the last speaker, •
that of all the questions which had ever conic be-
fore Parliament, this was perhaps that which had
caused -rile greatest exagerations in all the argu-
ments used in discussing-it out of doors ; but he
could not think ' as the Honourable Gentleman
(Mr. Grant) appeared; to do, that.till the extig-
geration had been confined to one side. He ad-
mitted the glowing colours in which the imagina-
tion. of the people had adorned the prospects which,
they. anticipated a free trade to India would open
to th.em, required what they had already eXperienc-
cd, and, what they would feel still more befOre these
discussions were closed, that discouragement.
which enabled them to take a more sober and
chastened view of the subject, which brotight
their hopes within a more reasonable compass ;
and he thought it one great duty of that House
and of the other, as it would be most advantage-
ous to all concerned, to lop off' those excrescences
from the tree, which were barren and useless, that
that which they established as their system might
be productive and sound ; that they Might come to
an ultimate decision on this awful subject, if not
of one mind, at least with thesatisfaction of know-
ing that they had thrown much out of them.
which had embarrassed the question, and which
had influenced the minds of those whose interests
were affected by it, But he could not admit that,
it was in the sanguine views Of those who
wished for a free trade to the East Indies that
much-exaggeration had been-found; and if, up to
this night, he bad thought the interests of the
Country required th 4 the East India . Company
should retain all the power. and influence which it
at present possessed, had such been his feeling up
to -that night, he c)uld not but confess that in
the speech of the-1100-liireetor, and in th:tt
speech, of which he might well be proud, which
had been made by onpthee Member of that HOuse,
there was enough :to show Trim :that whatever de-
cision the House 'might ultimately come to, it
would at least he propety.t.aeoi.a the complete
-ladoptioA of their -ikvvo,„6 nu4acessary for

Li nt; and le any Min airy
thing like. anialoSity_ taAvitialt the'-East India
Conipady. He ciauld not think that jay one nrotild
entertain a Spirit of eOrporatiuti. entnity towards
.then t. But when they claiuied th,.i right of be-,
ing,Sovereigns iii India„ and f:;:kl.t.l the question
Of how far the territories They held we .re their
owq property, to- be one too delieate to be eta.•
terteined by that House, he . must lay. that 'that.
Was a view-of the subject into wi.ich lie
.could not
enter., He could not but feel, that Wherever Bri-
tish subjects acquired territory, (no matter by what
iheam-s)they were still subject to ,the controtii of
that paramount authority which presided over that.
.acieiety to which they belonged. He could not
lace why they should not now proceed in regulat-
ing the affairs of India, as: they would priced in
nuking any ordinary colOnial arrangement. Flan,'
the anomalotts character of our. Indian posses-
sions, front the manner in. which they had been
acquired, and from other circumstances, he ad-
mitted that it might be. wise to give a sane,
tion to the sovereign power they, exercised; but
this was merely a question sif expediency, and
they were indeed but little advanced in their in
quirks into this subject, if they could doubt
whether it was expedleacy or right that could
drive the hand of ParliaMent from the terra-..
toriat'possessions of the Company iu India. He
edmitted it might be proper this anomaly should
continue, but that it was that which under any cir-
camstances should he maintained, he was not pre-
pared to contend. Because it was that which musti
be maintained, ex necessitate red, it did not
.follow
that it was that of which they ought to be proud.
He begged distinctly to say, that he was uphold-
ing thqsovereignty of the Company, but not its
right tb hold web sovereipty. Tle could not re-
cogniSe the right, hut he could confess the expe-
diency, still contending that if Pin liament thought
fit to-morrow to take the sovereignty from them,
they were fully competent to do so. liirout hear-
ing. the speeches of that night, he thought the
, trading community might ask if the Company had
made themselves sovereigns of an independent
.empire ? This answered, they might put another
question, and say, if you are an independant wive-
reign; arc you net an amicable one ? It not a de-
pendant, are you not an ally ? We should take it •
bard of any independent sovereign;of the Autocrat
of Russia, or of the Emperor of China, we should
think it a littic.nngracious if they were to say, as
they might, " You shall not trade with my em-
pire ;" but what would be thought, if they went
on to say--;." and we will not trade
.crith you, be-
'cause you are a set of piratical ragamuffins, who,
,if once admitted, will proceed to lay our villages
in blood, and. carry off oar children; you tome
here stained with a vile traffic, which you carried
on for centuries without shame, and did not at'
laiit give it up withont 'a struggle." This would
be taken unkindly from any iiidependant sovereign,
but -vvhat shall we say to it, wl.en it. comes, out
from a Prince of the House of Timour, but from
one of the Princes ofziSia, a trader in Leadenhall-
street ? Would it be believed that those who
owed their all to trade, would teet thus by their bro-
thers.? Surely, it the prayer of the traders Must ne-
cessarily be rejected, it might have been done in
-milder tern's. • Fortunately these Sovereigns had
arolitbe rigba and the power. Me right did not
exist, and the power could not be esereised.•:-.-
These Lords of Aaia must be subjected to, the Bri-
tish and he hoped, ere long they
would- he made, to -acknowledge how much they
had exaggerated their rights. Those -territories
obtained-by British industry, held by British arms,
and purchased by British hood, belonged to Eng-
land. The Honourable Gentleman (Mr. Grant,
jun.). had unnecessarily brought forward the Slave
Trade •on this occasion. Wishing to avoid all ir-
ritation on this subject, what had the slave trade
to do with the traders of the out-ports ? Was the
guilt of that traffic, that was secured by the Treaty
of Utrecht, which was avowed as the ground
of their policy, and as the fruits of the triumphs
Of their arms, which as such bud been defended,
when lie through whom it was done away, and
who in procuring its abolition had by that great
work gained an immortality. Was a trade thus
engrafted on the system, thus encouraged, and
thus for. a long time annually re-enacted, to be.
resisted by one set of men, who were merely the
agents • who carried it on ?—were they thus to
shift the guilt of the country to one set of
• men, to :relieve the nation front its load
" of guilf.; at the expence of those who 'were
innocent Of • its progress, yet who were • the
-only sufferers by its abolition ? lie would not
treat this odious traffic as being less black
than it really'was, but why, he would ask, should
Gentlemen unnecessarily mix this with any other
great national cpiestion which might come before,
Parliament ? The'lton. Gentleman had told them
of the immutability of the Indian Empire ; that
it had remained unchanged for three thousatid
years, and after a lapse, of ages it was still the
same in its manners, agriculture and appear-
ance. It had been said that there was i.nitch ex-
aggeration in this question. tie knew of no
greater exaggeration than this picture of im-
mutability. A nation, whose whole internal
econoitny,- whose ferm of Government, whOSe
modes of jtirisdietion, and whose political system
hint been entirely altered, and which furnished
150,000 soldiers tai -fight under Christians
and yet to 'talk of its immutability !. He would
as:e7cdtteplairnoNtcreti
tehildeitiim'geest
Cywoic:ll)cipatil
tnitygh uegeal‘it:eof
:it.h(eznotltevitl,en actions
co
proved that every
thing had been changed in the territorial, jur:•ii-
cal; and military situation iii India. Anti it kV•ti
not likely that :t; people who had submitted to
conversion so great, would nut be aecessible, to
other improvementa, not tvm,tinhe to be Gci nver,v
:to purchase broad-cloth that they would not evert
receive it in presents. This, however, was reach-
ed by so many, WittIOSCS, and of so much infarma-
tint, and respeetability, that it
nips
be Convinced that they believed the titet to b
nipsas they stated, and that they cons.eyed India to
lac iinpertetrcilt'.e to ftamthcr
ialiontel,itrait)iprtatisreispfe he_
deniers this ther:efore~, it tone
to these witnesses, but from a respect. to the in-
credibility of the fart. He chef not mean to say
that .thajraflie to India would satisfy all that eu-
, Thl4 desire, nor ought it ; but he et•)n
sidered it to ,be Op indisputable right of British
40(1011 not. to be e;chhivd from that which fu-

•
reigUeii inJOYect. Whey aiig tt not tci iie lip iii
worse Condition then the Amerienti, or than eVed.
whit Was calleii thesecond-chop English inJridiii:
Tletse.were arguthents that were not to 1 e.ll ren:."
cd to, Find cren should the adventurers 'tail all id
the. firstyeiir, such reasoning ought not to he a
bar to their being tried. With respect to another`
•
objection, very strenuously u rged, ad to the clan»
ger of an indiscriminate. influx of EeropeanS into
India, he would aSki belly it WilS, positlie that the
introduction of a few British &mid create.so Mitch
. Mischief.; coned so sviarh and mihtnte,agaiiist that
which was so. firmly establiAied ? ininintable
Empire Which the l'tpse of so mativ tent itries had
not changed; eras surely not So condiestible isi td
be razed iii cOuiliyrßtioo, or thrown hp in tit.:
plo-,cni against those from sOioth it liktd deriVed SO-
many blessings, by a few peddling traders; With
packs of scissors or spectacles tin'their hacks
was satisfied-that in the present state of Etttdpe;
Parliament could not srty the trade of India ought
to he sealed against British Adventure. At the
same time he was free to, allow that the tradri
permitted to enter into this intercourse Should he
-guardetLs..with .Caution, hay Nilith
after What he had heard avoWed this night by the
Hon.,Gentlemao opposite; he would also add that
equal guards-otight to he imposed to secure their
liberty among .these. independent Sovereigns of
What these guards should be, *mild come
better to be discussed hereafter, when they enter=
ed more into detail ; but the general principle was
now to be disposed of between those who con-
tended that the Company should remain .divested
of all the privileges they now enjoyed, and those
Who held that not a feather should be plucked
from the wing of their sovereignty. It was a •
question of expediency. Parliament had to modi,,
fy these conflicting opinions ; and 'though the
tusk was difficult, it was riot. stf Much so as to in-
duce them to shrink from•their duty. In his opi,
Dion it was expedient that the power should re-
main with the Company ; and he avowed, that
though 'the evidence produced before the Com,
Mittee had failed in carrying conviction to his mind
oit some points to which it was addressed, it had
convinced him that the system could nut be bads.--i
must be good, which produced and nurtured sci
many able, intelligent men, of the most states-
inenlike views of practical utility and the soundeSt
judgments—men who promised a race calculated
to uphold British. glory in India, provided they
did not degenerate into the principle of exclusion.
By the labours of persons of this description the..
independence of Britain and the happiness of
India wouldbe fat ever insured.
Mr. C. GRANT, Mr, CANNING, and Mr. C.
GRANT, jun. mutually explained.
Mr. PO N.SONBY agreed w:th the mode of pro,
ceeding recount:fended by Lord Castlereagh, and
Ahought the hrSt proposition should be voted sub-
sc:quent.to theothers, the examination. into which
would much tend to elucidate its genesel' bearing.
Übe Must,' however, decide .on the first propos'.
sition to-night, and to decide on the principle trikem
ther the dovernment of India should remain as it
.was, or undergo alteration, he was disposed to
vote that the Government of Indict should not re-
main in the.state it was. They were told that
this Government had sprung froth necessity,
from •ehanac and Contingencietfrom time to time,
which no ;human foresi4ht could anticipitte
Were they then to render permanent that system
which grew out of such circumstances ? Thoy
were also told. that all oppressions and grievances
formerly complained of had beer) rectified. Hew ish—
ed to impute blame neither to those who directed
the Company's affairsabroad or at home, but he
'must deny the historical truth of the fact that the.
India Company were the reformers of these'
abuses., It wits the great men in that House who
had brought about the desirable event. One who
now. rested in the lap of :earth, Mr. Burke, was
the person .filto must be reckoned the saviour of
India, though he did not live to see his labours
brought to a close. To his talents and industry.
did India and thiS country owe the obligation.; its
the Catholics of Ireland would be indebted to the
exertions of hiS Right
.119». Friend (Mr. Grat-.
tan) whenever .the .day should- come which re-
'stored them" to liberty. It was not the India
Company who bad redressed the injured, nor was
it in.the nature of things—for monopolists never
healed grievances which arose oat of their own
systeM of monopoly. With regard to the business
before them, the first qttestion they had to con-
sider was, what 'Government was fittest to pro-
'mote the happineSs, pr,nperity, and wealth of
India, and, through India, of this country. The
qttestion of the higheSt . moment involved in this
was, how they could transfer the 'Governmeut
-front the. Company to the Crown ? This he would
do at once, could he be satisfied ahat it might be
accompliShed without increasing, by the patron-
.age and power it gave, the prerogative of the
Crown in a degree dangerous to the liberties of
the .subject. But Gentlemen not only called on
them to establish the,indian Government, hut to
do so from admiration of its excellence. Now,
what would be said of the man who would pi;o-
pm;e a similar torm of Government for the first
time for every other of our colonies Would he
pot he thought fitter for another room' than fwe
tiiis? As for what was said of the Lunnutability
of the manners and habitsof the natives of boil,
he was midy to admit-it to a cevtain extent-, tar
the form cf the government 'lnd religion al‘vays
Or rated in a certain degree on man;iind.; flt
denied drat they had changed the nature
and ti.l-..en i.;w:ay ell WA pr,,,jwiices
Irwaa iierhAps true also, t10411)..c
interento,,‘ should 'he' regulate"
into tilt 110:-
entc'' he bee„ Master '4
fttlt" trt. Atave coritittuecl the.
Government of,lnaia for six or.seven 'years its it
ttoori, to try the experiment of the rew
to it decision Which should make
ciet'itlec t'i'•;llllC"ibtele Ll;lned c;(94rciStillemretasgehe)l3enx-welilitetat lirtihne"
.tratlers from China, .While, he permitted them tta
approach India. wits'Tint -treclible • that , therti
was any great danger of offending the Chines
• Governineitt—for how could it be more dangc.rol3s
to admit the British than to admit Amtnitqui'•i
It Ive.A diAt if this •Were* 811-0* 04* it "'.)tl!t'
enibk tilt vessels to smuggle tea tiliftr the Ea-st-
ern Islands, and undersell the Comptiny in Eu-
rope. Why were they the only people to be ex.