The Sun.
London, England, 1849-07-12 00:00:00

THE SUN,

cent discoveries have proved that diseases of the
most fatal character are produced by noxious
smells and a disordered state of the
atmosphere. An open cesspool, a neglected drain,
may really cause a greater destruction of human life
than a hostile army, while an overcrowded grave-
yard in the heart of a populous city may present
greater dangers than those encountered " i ' the im-
minent deadly breach." And those dangers are not
the less formidable because unseen, and approaching
silently and insidiously. That smoke has had no
trifling effect in swelling the bills of mortality in
those towns in the vicinity of which large manufac-
tories are carried on is unquestionable. Even the vegeta-
tion in the neighbourhood is dwarfed and stunted, and it
may safely be assumed that what is thus found deeply
injurious to vegetable life will to some extent prove
deleterious to animal life. If, therefore, any altera-
tion can be effected by which this flagrant nuisance
may be abated with reasonable care and at a mode-
rate outlay, it should forthwith be adopted. Now,
the present measure is founded entirely on the fact
that it is not only practicable to consume the
great mass of smoke issuir g from furnaces,
but that, putting higher motives out of the
question, it is cheaper for the manufacturers to do so.
The report of Sir H. DE LA BECHE and of Dr. LYON
PLAYFAIR, alluded to by the President of the Beard
of Trade, expressly states, " That it cannot for a mo-
ment be questioned, that the continued emission of
smoke is an unnecessary consequence of the combus-
tion of fuel, and that, as an abstract statement, it can
be dispensed with." And the letter from a very
eminent engineer, subsequently read by Mr.
SANDARS, proves " That it is practicable,
and that without any serious annoyance to
the owners of steam boilers generally,"
to reduce the quantity of smoke to such a point as to
be no longer an annoyance to the public." Thus then,
the main question in the case being answered in the
affirmative, it becomes the obvious duty of the Legis-
lature to provide an easy method of enforcing the
law. An easier remedy must be given than
a tedious and expensive prosecution for a com-
mon-law nuisance. It will be not only for
the public benefit, but even to the advan-
tage of manufacturers themselves, that such
should be the case. Ample time, too, will be afforded
to carry the necessary alterations into effect. The
Act is not to come into operation until 1851, and if
it can in the interim be shown that it is impossible
to carry out the full provisions of the Bill, any requi-
site changes may be made during the next session. A
slight alteration in the details would, in fact, effect all
that could be required, viz., an enact-
ment, that the' issuing of opaque smoke
should not be held to constitute an offence against
the Act, if the owner should prove that " he had
adopted, and carefully used, some well approved
methoi for the consumption of the smoke issuing
from his furnace, and endeavoured to the best of his
power to abate the nuisance arising from the same."

The year 1849 will long be distinguished in the
annals of the Corporation of the City of London as
the period within which that great municipality
earned its brightest laurels. It is not merely for the
unbounded hospitality displayed on all occasions
since Sir JAMES DUKE ascended the civic throne—
although that hospitality has been seldom equalled,
never surpassed, by any former Lord Mayor—that
these laurels will be obtained. Neither will it be for
the glorious manifestations in the cause of civil and
religious liberty, the fixed and steady determination
to remove the last vestige of intolerance from
the national statute book, and the establishment
of perfect freedom of conscience to all,
without exception, who owe their fealty
to the British Crown. Striking as have been these
demonstrations, brilliant as may be the page of his-
tory on which these records will be inscribed, a
higher and more enduring fame will attend the ex-
ertions of those who strove to ameliorate the condition
of their suffering fellow-creatures, to arrest the pro-
gress of the distress and destitution, the misery and
‘iide-spread ruin which threatened the destruction of
c•ir Irish brethren. A " monument more durable
than brass" will be erected to those who boldly flung
themselves into the breach, and brought their exten-
hive resources into operation on behalf of their fellow-
' subjects who were sinking under the unequal struggle.

The efforts made in the beginning of the 17th
century, although the results have indeed been mag-
nificent, will sink into insignificance when compared
..i.i. ei.,....3.:.......-_,_ _e 42.., present year. At the
former period the great companies of the British me-
tropolis undertook the duty of " colonization." They
received free grants of large tracts of lands that had
been confiscated from the former proprietors. They
drove the present inhabitants from their birth-places
to seek refuge in the western provinces, and they re- I
peopled the land with a new race, whose steady and
unceasing industry, and calm and resolute deter-
mination, speedily brought the bleak and
sterile soil of the
." black north" into the
highest state of fertility and cultivation, and who
attained a prosperity similar to that enjoyed by the
inhabitants of this happy and highly favoured land.
But the Corporation of the present day have higher
aims and objects. They do not desire to obtain the
fruits of confiscation, to succeed to any estates for which
the former owners shall not receive the full and fair
value, even to the uttermost farthing. They seek not
to realise any pecuniary profits, to aggrandize them-
selves or their successors at the expense of others.
They are entering on no mere commercial speculation,
in which the prospects of gain more than compensate the
risks to be encountered. They are animated by
feelings of the purest philanthropy and benevolence,
and by none of a baser or more worldly character.
They only seek " a return of the capital to be in-
vested with interest," to be restored the amount of
their outlay in the purchase and improvement of
estates and waste lands, and the employment of the
labouring population. All further profits will be
strictly applied in promoting the welfare of the people,
for the benefit not only of their immediate tenantry,
but of all who come within the sphere of their
operations.
Their proceedings, too, if more disinterested and
equitable, will also be distinguished by greater huma-
nity and benevolence. They do not contemplate the
banishment or expulsion of the present occupants.
They do not intend, in the first instance to depopulate
the district that may be required—" to make a desert
and call it peace." No ; they will undertake the
more arduous, but the more humane and beneficent
duty of working out the welfare and happiness of the
native occupiers, of elevating Ireland in the social
scale, of promoting the national wealth and prosperity
of the sister kingdom, through the agency and by
the industry of her own children, who, whatever may
be their faults, are a warm- hearted and grateful race
—nay, more, an active and energetic people, able
and willing to work whenever the legitimate rewards
of labour are placed within their reach.

The admirable letter of the illustrious Nobleman
who now so worthily occupies the Viceregal Throne
of Ireland clearly indicates the due appreciation
with which the glorious undertaking is regarded
by those most competent to form a sound judgment
as to its probable results. The Earl of CLARENDON
expresses not merely " his satisfaction" but " his
delight " at the " prudence and genuine philan-
thropy " of the originators of the movement—a
movement likely to be productive of the happiest
consequences, not only to Ireland, but " through
Ireland to the United Kingdom."

Although the state and condition of that unhappy
land is gloomy and discouraging, it is by no means
hopeless. There are already afforded slight but certain
indications of a more propitious season, of a " good
time coming," when the aspirations of the well-
wishers of Ireland will be fully and completely rea-
lised. Every sentence of the LORD-LIEUTENANT'S
letter to the Chief Magistrate of the city of London
bears the impress of trutb. There is a " verisimi-
iitudte" that must convince the most sceptiealb that
must remove the fears of the greatest alarmist. In
it we are told ". that the present state of things con-
tainsit aelf no
remain er f ml
„it
vc
.a
nt h n
ontevenworseos
t
a
at
i
o
n
ea
irar
oy
"
ton"—h
it
ha
t
amelioration"—that
recommend
must go from bad
to
no-
thing informed edindbuyee hishiin
to Excellency
ee'd it if he
but we are
men
that " no-
did not conscientiously believe that the investment
would prove remunerative," and that he entertains
doubt on the point; " for if good land is to be boughs t
at a cheap rate, if secure titles can be obtained at a
small expense, and if capital is available for improv-

ing the soil and rendering it productive, such an in-
vestment cannot fail to be profitable." The auxiliary
circumstances that justify that opinion are clearly
and distinctly set forth. The cessation of political
and agrarian outrages, the chastened disposition of the
people, whose only present anxiety is " to obtain em-
ployment," all afford the most cheering auguries as
to the result. And "if the bright example exhi-
bited by the Corporation of London, by the
greatest capitalists and best men of business in the
world," be only followed, as there is every reason to
hope it will be, Ireland will speedily emerge from
her difficulties. The sufferings and wretchedness of
the past will be forgotten in the cheering prospect
before them. They will learn the truth of the asser-
tion of their talented countrywoman, " that there is
a silver lining in every cloud;" that " the brightest
day succeeds the darkest morning."

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The following is the state of the poll for the elec-
tions of Paris, so far as the same was known yes-
terday :

CONSERVATIVE LIST.
1. Lanjuinsis 111,773
2. L. Bonaparte 109.284
3. Magnan 108,099
4. Malh'ville 107,794
5. De Bar ... ... 107,797
6. B. Delessert... ... 104,517
7. F. Barret ... 104 410
8. Chambolle ... 103,334
9. T. H Ducos... 102.841
10. A. Fould ... 97.701
11. Boinvi 93,975
REPUBLICAN LIST.
12. Guudchaux ••• 91,857
13. Dupont de Bussac ••• 83,964
14. Gumard ..• ••• ••• 83,928
15. Flocon 82,822
16. July, ••• ••• 80,685
17. RtbeyrolleS ••• ••• 80,430
18. Demay ••• ••• • • 76,711
19. Charasein ••• ... 75,932
20. Esquires ... 72,833
21. bid arm-t . . ••• ... 72,363
22. Lamartine ... 32,258
This above return is the aggregate of the votes
polled at 222 polling places out of 253. Among the
district-) from which the numbers have not yet been
received are many arrondissements of the Banlieu, in
which the principal,- strength of the Republicans lie ;
it is therefore not improbable that M. GOUDCHAUX
may be returned instead of M. Boisivii,Dans, and it
is possible also that M. DUPONT (DE BUSSAC) may
have a majority over M. ACHILLE FOULD.
The Conservatives have on this occasion acted with
unanimity ; they have had but one list, and every
Conservative of every shade has paid implicit
obedience to the commands of the Union Electorate ;
the Republicans, on the contrary, atter having agreed
to a coalition list, broke up into separate sections,
and there were, besides the coalition list, lists of
every shale of Republicanism, from the Constitu-
tionalism of M. MARRAST to the Communism of M.
PROUDHON. No party, however strong, which adopts
such absurd tactics as these can hope for success, and
in consequence the result was never for one moment
doubtful. The election has excited scarcely any sen-
sation in Paris.

The results of the elections in the departments
were not known yesterday in Paris, although
there is no doubt of the return of M. DE
LAMARTINE for the Department of the
Loiret. The numbers as far as they were known
yesterday, were-
LAMARTINE • • • • .. 7,259
IIADIER . • • • - • 2,026
RONDEAII . • • • • • • 280
Honour to the electors of Loiret for having re-
turned to the As.iembly the man of all France, whose
presence there at the present crisis is the most ne-
cessary. They have paid their portion of the debt
of gratitude due to him, who, above all others, is
entitled to be hailed as " The saviour of his country
—LAMARTINE the Liberator."
M. DuFauxe has announced that a commission has
been appointed to prepare an organic law for the
regulation of the National Guard.
In the Assembly, on Monday, M, LECLODURE
brought forward a motion for raising the state of siege
in Paris. This gave rise to an angry discussion, in the
course of which the President made use for the first
time of the almost despotic power conferred on him
by the new regulations. M. Ducee having com-
plained that the Constitution was violated by the
state of siege was called to order by the President, who,
in doing so, took occasion to indulge in his pedagogic
propensities by scolding the Members of the Left
generally, and Al. DUCKS in particular. The dis-
cussion then continued, and M. DucuE having said
that above the majority there was the country, to
which he appealed, was again called to order by M.
DUPIN, who proposed to apply to him the 119th
Article of the new regulations, which was of course
agreed to by the majority. He was, therefore, sub-
jected to the sir ople censure of the Assembly, the
salary for a fortnight. These proceedings on
tee part of M. LUPIN, and the majority are
worse than a fault they are a mistake.
It is absurd for toy party in France to attempt a
permanent exclusion from power of any other party—
the thing is simply impossible, and these precedents
of pettishness wiil be hereafter appealed to to jus-
tify deeds, perhaps, of actual violence against those
who now form the majority, but who will then be,
as they have frequently been before, the minority—
in which case, the only answer that will be vouch-
safed to their c•arnplaints will be an appeal to the
present proceedings, and a Vous l'avez voulu
GEORGES DANDI N, VOUS raven voulu.
The motion for raising the state of siege was re-
jected by a majority of 363 to 141.
The vote of thanks to the army of Italy was passed.
The Members of the left abstained from voting.
The Moniteur, publishes in extenso the official
dispatches of General OUDINOT, announcing the sur-
render of Rome on the 4th instant. The surrender
of the city was unconditional. Two columns of
French troops entered on the 3d—one, with General
OUDINOT and his staff at the head, by the Porta
Portese ; the otlier, with General GUESWELLEE, by
the Porta del Popolo and the Corso. They were
received with, acclamations generally. A
hostile feeling was shown in the Corso,
where a group was assembled with a
flag surmounted by a cap of liberty. The flag was
cut down by the troops. GARIBALDI, with from
3,000 to 4,000 mom, left at one side while the French
entered at the other. He was believed to have taken
the road to Albano. Rome was tranquil. The army
was in excellent health. No monument sustained
the least damage, except one church near the breach.
La Patrie say s that GARIBALDI, who had quitted
Rome with 4,000 or 5,000 men, had taken the road
to Terracina, anck traversed the kingdom of Naples to
take refuge in the Abruzzi, where he proposed to
carry on a guerilla warfare.
Since the above was written we have received in-
telligence from Paris up to a late hour yesterday
afternoon ; the following was the state of the poll up
to that hour. It is such as to leave no doubt of the
success of all the candidates of the Union Electorale :
Lanjuinais ... 118,194
Magnan 114,943
L. L. Bonaparte 114,434
Malleville ... 114,355
De Bar ... ... 113,470
Delessert ... 110,262
F. Barrot ... 109 843
Chambolle ... 108,529

Ducos 108,093
Fould 104.375
Boinvilliers ... 103,109
Goudchaux ••• ... 95,023
Guinard ... 87,794
Dupont (de Bassets) 87,544
Flocon ••• ... 86,584
Joly Ore 85 888
Ribeyrolles •.• .•. 83,084
De may ••• •-• ... 81,001
F. Vidal ••• ... 79,625
Charassin 79,570
Esquiros ..• ..• 76.920
Lamartine 38,007
J. Favre ..• ... 19,317
Do Lesseps ••• ..• ... 15,065
E. de Girardin ... 10,942
Marie ... ..• 10,790
Sinard ... 9,339
Marrast ~•
.. 8,809
The votes of the army, those of the canton of Ville-
juif, and also those of a section of the iith arrondisse-
ment, are still wanting, but it is certain that these
will not affect the above proximate majorities.
The speculators at the Bourse to-day commenced
business with the expectation of a considerable rise in
the price of Government Stock, but they experienced
much disappointment on finding that the Five per Cents.,
which opened at 88f. 80c., fell suddenly, towards three
o'clock, to 87f. 70e., and closed at 87f. 85c. No reason-
able cause was assigned for this species of panic."
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse at
53f. 80c. ; the Five per Cents, at 871:85c. ; Orleans
Railroad Shares at 797 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 555 f. ; Havre,
265 f. ; Great Northern, 430 f. ; Avignon, 187 f. 50c. ;
Trierzon, 3121. 50c. • Bale, 100 f. ; Bordeaux, 400 f. ;
Paris and Strasburgb, 360 f. ; Tours and Nantes, 310 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. JULY 11.

Northern of France, 1041— Orleans andiforeleauZ, 314—
Rouen and Havre,

We are assured that M. Thiers arrived in London
yesterday, and it is added that the object of his visit is
to open negotiations for a matrimonial treaty between
the President of the French Republic and Madame la
Duchesse d'Orleans. We have not heard in what way
it is proposed to settle this question of precedence be•
tween the Comte de Paris and the possible issue of th•
proposed marriage; but this point, doubtless, has not
"egyed the penetrating mind of I. Thierri.—A44