The Sun.
London, England, 1836-10-13 00:00:00

OPINIONS OF THE SWISS JOURNALS.

The Nouvelle Gazette de Zurich considers M. de Mon.
tebello's recent note to the Directory as equivalent, or very
nearly so, to a declaration of war.

The Ami de la Constitution, a Berne newspaper, ex-
presses a similar opinion. It recommends Switzerland to
have recourse to reprisals, and adds, that in spite of the
arguments of some sophists, there is not a single Swiss
worthy of that name, and feeling the justice of his cause,
who would not spurn the idea of humbling himself before
a proud neighbour like that of the Government of France.
The Eidginosse, the Republican, and Constitutional
Suisse exhort their fellow-countrymen to resist the impe-
rious demands of France, and to place their hope in the
goodness of their cause, and in the support they will doubt-
less receive from Providence.

Our private correspondence from Switzerland represents
the people, lately so peaceable, as exasperated in the ex-
treme, and ready to adopt measures of reprisal against
French trade. The merchants of Geneva, St. Gall, Zurich,
&c., immediately contermanded the extensive orders they
had given for the end of the year. Lyons, and the country
along the whole frontier, begin to feel the effect of the ir-
ritation created in Switzerland by the stupid measures no-
tified to the Federal Government. Even the Genevese,
whose moderate opinions are well known, have joined the
Radicals in condemning the pretensions of the Cabinet of
the Tuileries. The Council of Geneva was unanimous in,
that respect, and the Cantons are determined on making
every sacrifice to defend their independence.
The Helvetie still persists in its opinion that the Diet
will not consent to give France the required satisfaction.
" The Federal Representative Assembly,' it says, " now
on the point of meeting, will not degrade itself to such a
degree, and thus betray the hopes rested in it by the na-
tion. The people expect a firm and dignified reply to the
note of the 27th ult., and a declaration energetically ex-
pressive of the sense of our outraged dignity, and of a con-
viction that our rights have been shamefully violated.
" We have bej menaced with an hermetical blockade,
the executiar of which has even already commenced. Well,
they create carry your threats of a blockade into effect ;

little alarm in the country. We shall not be the first to
get tired of it."
_ M. Jean Luc Legrand, former director of the Helvetic
nevaiig; 4i144 At Fouday, on the 3d inst., in the 81st year
t- 1-:- L.—, 4. bro+ flio nvoloonr," ...a. ,L,

of his age. It was in
deputies of the Convention, taken prisoners of war—Messrs.
Semonville, Bournonville, Camus, and Drouet—for the
Duchess of Angouleme, took place in 1795. This worthy
citizen devoted his entire life to the welfare of humanity. It
was at his suggestion that Pestalozzi took charge, at Stanz,
of the education of the poor orphans, and having himself
settled at Ban de la Roche with his family, in 1813, he be

came the colleague of the venerable patriarch of that coon
try, the late Pastor Oberlin.—Le National.

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 21.—A note was last week
delivered to the Porte from M. Boutenieff, the Russian
Ambassador, in which explanation is demanded with respect
to the present of a snuff-box lately made by the Sultan to
Sefcr Bay, the Circassian Chief. Circassia, though in a
state of rebellion against the Emperor, having been ceded
to him by the treaty of Adrianople, the conduct of the Sul-
tan in so distinguishing an individual of that nation,: al-
though unauthorised and unaccredited by the Court of St.
Petersburg, cannot, it is stated, be considered but as highly
offensive and unsatisfactory. The Porte, in reply to the
Russian Ambassador, has declared that the present in
question not having come under its cognisance, it could
give no further explanation with respect to it than that tha
gultan having been, on more than one occasion, spectator
of this individual's performances at the Okmeidan, it was
most probably intended as a tribute to his skill in archery.
This answer proves one thing at least, which is, that the
Porte, under Russian auspices, is rapidly improving in
diplomacy. M. Bouteniff seems to have forgotten that his
own weapons may be wielded with very good effect against
himself, and that while, under cover of the most friendly
professions, he is undermining the Sultan by every means
in his power, his Highness may, in his turn, with an equal
show of courtesy, endeavour to countermine him in his own
defence.

The Russians completed the evacuation of Silistria on
Sunday the 11th inst. The baggage and rearguard were
seen in full retreat on the Wallachian bank of the Danube
by the passengers of the Austrian steamboat who passed it
on Monday. They have left behind a considerable number
of guns ; but an English artillery officer who has visited
the place since, has declared them to be of the worst de-
scription, and calculated to do more mischief to those who
served them than to the enemy. The Emperor also caused
a dilapidated mosque to be completely repaired.
A French frigate, the Herminie, arrived here on Sunday,
to convey Admiral Roussin to Marseilles.

Mr. Ellis arrived here on Friday last from Taiteran, an
sets out to London in a few days.

BRAZIL.

RIO DE JANEIRO.—(From the Correia Official, August
12.)—The Minister of Justice proposed to the Chamber
of .Deputies, in the sitting of 9th August, some changes in
the criminal law.

The Minister adduced various instances of these horrible
proceedings at Para, among which was the capture of the
British ship Clio, the murder of the crew, and the plunder
of the cargo. " The injured seek redress, which cannot
be given them, because, if the guilty are tried in the ordi-
nary Court, they are certain of impunity. In the midst
of so many difficulties, the Government, which has ma-
turely considered them all, desires to substitute for an ordi-
nary Court, swayed by such divers passions, another more
equitable, just, and impartial, which may assert the rights
of all, sends me to the National Representatives, to pre-
sent to you, as a matter of the most urgent necessity, the
following proposal :
Art. 1. Those who are implicated in the crimes of re-
bellion, sedition, and conspiracy, and in all others prac-
tised beforehand for the purpose of committing those
crimes, and subsequently in consequence of them shall be
proceeded against in. the following manner :
The following Articles, 2 to 18, determine the manner
of conducting the preliminary proceedings, the result of
which (or the indictment) is to be communicated to the ac-
cused within 5 days, who are to be allowed the same term
of 5 days to prepare for their defence. After this term is
expired, the public trial is to take place, which shall com-
mence with the reading of the indictment, the interroga-
tory of the accused, the examination of the witnesses, the
promotor or prosecutor shall speak in support of the accu-
sation, the accused shall defend themselves verbally, sen-
tence shall be passed by the majority of the Court accord-
ing to the laws, and in case the number of voters on
each side be equal, the president shall have the casting
vote.

In another address the Minister proposes to alter the
dispositions of the existing laws, which relate to the num-
ber of persons concerned in the commission of the crimes
in question. Certainly it is the nature of the crime, and
not the number of the criminals, that ought to be consi-
dered. According to the existing law, a number of
20,000 persons is required to constitute the crime of re-
bellion. In the case of most of these crimes, too, the
present law punishes only the chiefs, as if all those who
were actually concerned did not likewise merit punish-
ment. He therefore proposes to remedy these defects in
the law, and to declare the crimes of conspiracy, rebellion,
and sedition, shall be considered as having been committed
in the cases already laid down by the law, whatever be the
number of persons stated to commit them ; all of whom
shall be liable to punishment. The chiefs, according to
the existing laws, and others who, though not chiefs, have
taken an active part, imprisonment and hard labour for
different terms, from ten to two years ; and all the others
to imprisonment for different terms, from two years down
to six months.

AUGUST 16.—The Correio contains the charter granted
to the Company formed in London by Jaoa Diego Sturz,
for the exclusive navigation by steam boats of Rio Doce.
AUGUST 24.—The Correio contains a notice from the
Minister of Finance, in which, after dwelling on the finan-
cial situation of Brazil, and the obligations which the Go-
vernment ought to fulfil, viz., 1. The payment of the ar-
rears of the loans in England ; 2. The payment to Portu-
gal to settle the current accounts ; and 3, the stability of
the currency, and the supporting the rate of exchange—
lie observes, that as the only means of procuring the neces-
sary money as a loan, he proposes a plan for contracting
a national and foreign loan for two millions sterling at 5
per Cent.

AUGUST 27 TO 31.—The Correio contains in 20 columns
the beginning of a document of the Minister of Finance,
relative to the currency.

Despatches from the Governments of almost all the
provinces represent them as tranquil.—Correio Official to
31st of August inclusive.

AFRICA.
(From the French papers.)

A Toulon letter of the 6th instant -has the following :
" The Jupiter has arrived from Oran with news to the 29th
ult. Preparations were making for an expedition of great
importance. The army, including the two battalions taken
out by the Jupiter and the Arab auxiliaries, amounts to
upwards of 15,000 men. The different corps of the expedi-
tion will pass the Cheliff, and, it is said, act in concert with
the army under Marshal Clause', which is in the direction
of Miliana. If, as every thing shows, the expedition against
Constantine takes place at the same time, a tremendous
blow will be given at once to Abd-el-Kader and Achmet
Bey, the two principal leaders of the hostile Arabs. At the
same time the news of the defeat of Abd-el-Kader by the
tribes he has attempted to plunder is fully confirmed. A sin-
gular report is current at Oran. It is said that Abd-el-Kader
who for some time has been compelling the tribes to con-
centrate themselves in the interior, has resolved to assemble
them at three or four days' march beyond Mascara, and at
the entrance of the Great Desert, where he will build a
new town, having determined to withdraw and leave the
country to France."

We have received intelligence from Tangier which indi-
cates, on the part of the Government of Morocco, an in-
tention to keep its promises with France, and resist the in-
trigues of all kinds by which it is constantly harassed. A
considerable contraband trade in warlike stores was lately
carried on in the district of Calah-el-Oned, near the Beylick
of Oran, by agents of Abd-el-Kader. The Government
of Mequinez, on being informed of it, immediately took
measures to put an end to the practice—the last resource
of the Emir by which to procure the arms he still stood in
need of, and to arrest his principal agents. Three corps of
regular cavalry have, besides been stationed along the fron-
tiers, from Tezerga to Oudada, and along the adjoining
coast, to guard the passages, and cut off all communication
between the Arabs of those provinces and the Augad,
which borders on the country of Tremecen. One of the
first officers of the Emperor's household is specially °barged
with this affair, and has orders to make a report on it to his
Sovereign.—Courtier Francais.
The ilioniteur Algerien, of the 80th ult., contains a
decision, taken on the 26th, by Marshal Clausel, against a
number of natives who had been arrested under charges
of conspiracy against the French, and of keeping up a trea-
sonable correspondence with the enemies of France. Five
of them are to be banished from Algiers, and three others
were restored to liberty.
According to the same journal, the arbitrary proceedings
of Abd-el-Kader towards several tribes had created muc
discontent among them, and the Flitahs, Oulecj Sidi-el-
Aribis, and the Bordjias, had resisted his order to removo
from the Minah to a distant place in the interior. A battle
ensued between them and the forces of the Emir, in which
the latter was defeated with considerable loss, and com-
pelled to retreat.

---
Sir William Heathcote has invited the whole of his
troop of Yeomanry Cavalry to dine with him next week, at
Hurley Park.

On Friday last the remains of Sir Robert
were deposited in the family vault in K.ng ' .51111"1
funeral consisted of a hearse g•-- church. The
mourning ...wn by six horses, and two
and four, followed by many carriages of
gentlemen residing in the vicinity—that of the Bishop of
London being among them. The coffin was planed by /he
side of that in which lay the body of Lady Graham, and who
was buried in the year 1832.
Kew Palace is undergoing repairs and improve-
ments, preparatory to the return of his Royal Highness the
Duke of Cumberland and suite to this country from the Con.
tinent,

COURT CIRCULAR.

~.,.41

His Majesty arrived in town soon after one o'clock yes'
terday afternoon, attended by Sir Herbert 'Taylor,froal
Windsor Castle.

His Majesty held a Court at two o'clock.
ND 'Count '
Count Sebastiani, Ambassador Extraordinary, an'
ulster Plenipotentiary from the King of the French, had an
audience of his Majesty, on his return to his Embassy,. an
to present a letter from his Sovercign. His Excellency
was introduced by Viscount Palmerston, his Maiest'
Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and een
ducted by Sir Robert Chester, Master of the Ceremonies:
Captain Roberts, R.N., had an audience, and returned
to the King the two Orders of the Bath and of Hanover
worn by his late uncle, Vice-Admiral Sir John Gore.
The Lord Chancellor, the Lord-Chamberlain, and "S.
count Palmerston had audiences of his Majesty.
Viscount Aslibrook and Lieut.-Colonel Taylor were the
Lord and Groom in waiting.
The Duchess of Gloucester visited his Majesty at St.
James's Palace.
Baron D'Ompteda, the Hanoverian Minister, had an
audience of the King.
His Majesty also gave audiences to Lord Holland, Sir
John Hohhouse, Sir Hussey Vivian, Sir Willoughby COt"
ton, Sir William Woods, and Colonel Wood.
At twenty minutes past six o'clock the King left St.
James's Palace, attended by Sir Herbert Taylor, on bis
return to Windsor Castle.