The Sun.
London, England, 1825-04-06 00:00:00

their nominations, and caused to be explained to the Com-
missioners of his Britannic Majesty the powerful motives I
hat for adopting this resolution, assuring them, at the same
—et— time, that in order to give fresh proof of friendship and good
BOGOTA.—CONGRESS. will towards the British Government and people, I nvould
atitentswelE or THE VICE-PRF.siDENT or COLOMBIA, IN permit the persons appointed to these Consulships to pro-
emeann OF WE GOVERNMENT, TO THE CONGRESs OF tect the commerce and interests of English subjects in the
MI capacity of Agents for the protection of sailors and commerce.
.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and Chamber of Represen- The Commissioners accepted these terms with pleasure, without
tatiwes. refuting the strong arguments on which my denial of the exe-
`lbis is the precise day appointed by our Constitution for the quatur was grounded. If the Congress will call to mind, that
nf,tlMbiy of the Representatives of the Republic, in order that in my former Message I pledged myself that, in the course
-.eel may exert themselves for the happiness and prosperity of of - the negociation about to be opened with the Commis-
meet eemetituents. If, in the two former Sessions, Congress as- sioners of his Britannic Majesty, I would not lose sight of
s=-tuVoi at a-later period than is piovided for by the Constitu- the dignity of the Government, and the interests of the Co-
t in,,owing to causes which are inherent in infant societies (al- lornbian people; it will perceive by the present statement,
inientii the enemies of the Republic have affected to overlook that I have strictly redeemed' my pledge. Public right does
tonnenethe present Assembly will convince them, that with the not recognise the admission of Consuls as a bounden duty
sp:opens of. time, we approach nearer to the exact observance of from one nation to another. The obligation so to admit
Cc-es:national principles. I must congratulate Colombia and tem, arises solely from treaties or conventions celebrat-
jaurseive% on an event which gives stability to the political sys- eel between the parties, or from a state of peace and friend-
Tem, and hopes of the most happy results from the present Ses- ship. between nations, whose independence is reciprocally
iCcee -le is with the greatest pleasure that the Executive is admitted. This
.principle, which the English Government
atone to, fulfil its duty, and contribute to this favourable issue, itself has lately observed towards the Consul General of Buenos
by-giving you an accurate idea of the state of the affairs of the Ayres in London, would have author
Commisshiised teons Executive to
iteptiblic in the various branches of its administration. withhold the exeqrsatur, of Con -
The Government of his Catholic ;Majesty, far from abandon- rugs been addressed to the Republic and Government of Co.
jog its fusilier pretensions to the sovereignty of these countries, lombia. Since this occurrence, nothing has transpired in fur-
nas Justice, experience, and the ruin of the Spanish nation would therance of the recognition of our independence. The Govern-
ncotinseT, still labours to advance
,its -hostile views, without merit of his Britannic Majesty makes this event to depend on
•=fforeling the slightest hope to reconciliation. The Executive circumstancet -peculiar to the interests of Great Britain, and on
.:113S reason toethink that the Cabinet of Madrid is well aware of the nature of the information it may receive from its respective
-a conciliatory disposition on. our part, and of our desire to ter- Commissioners. But if the Government of his Britannic Ma-
Piiimata a war, which, during fifteen years, has involved both iestY he guided by the feeling of the English nation, and that
nations in so many evils. The earnestness, however, with which the information given respecting the state of Colombia be dic-
the Executive has -sought peace with Spain, on the basis of in- rated by justice and impartiality, we may presume that this
deneetlence, has not caused its vigilance to ;lumber. Congress important decision on the part'of the King of the United King.
may be assured that our means of defence are at the present dom of Great Britain and Ireland is at hand.
moment abundant, and that any enterprise on the part of Spain The Commission of the King of the Low Countries has had
against the Republic will only serve to add lustre to our arms, the same issue. M. Quartell arrived in tide capital with powers
mun to increase the humiliations of Spain. • from the Governor and Rear-Admiral of the Island of Curacoa,
Our relations with the American Governments subsist on a issued in virtue of positive orders from his Goverrinent. The ;
footing of friendship and good understanding, becoming States Commissioner gave us assnaances of the favourable sentiments
suet:nal:it; a common cause. Tire services and supplies which of the King of Holland towatde the Republic of Colombia, and
'I
we have rendered to Peru have so meterially altered the situa- of his desire to establish and euldiate such relations of friend:.
nen of that country, that no doubt can exist cf us acquiring lie ship and commerce asses might be useful to both parties. The
berty and independence. The Liberator and President of Co- Executive accepted te demonstrations with gratitude, and,
harabia has displayed on this occasion, even more than on in like manner, gave assurances of the same sentiment% towards
former ones, those virtures. which are peculiar to illustrious the kingdom of the Low Countries. The Commissioner re-
men, and to which the Colombian Republic owes its existence. quired the crequatur for the Consular Commissions issued by
Surrounded with difficulties almost insurmountable; obliged to the Governor and Rear-Adiniral of Curacoa, which the Execu-
contend with enemies who, to numerical superiority, united the tive denied, on the plea that the nomination to these offices
confidence inspired by victory ; fettered by disasters brought rests with the Government from whence they proceed, and not
on by "rashness, weakness, and perfidy ; doubtful of receiving with its subordinate authorities. But as it was necessary to
in time the fresh succours which the Congress had so promptly give the Dutch Government a proof of the sincerity of our pro-
decreed • the Liberator has triumphed over all these obstacles, testations of friendship, I permitted- the persons appointed to
and, aided by the patriotism of those Peruvians who remained these Consulships to exercise the office of Commercial Agents,
faithfel to their duty, and by the valour of the united army, the same as if this intiormality had not been observed.
hee liberated an important part of the vast territory previously The Executive has sought, by theee means, to reconcile the
pesseiteed !)), the Spanish troops, after inflicting on them a se- respect due to the right of nations and its own dignity and hoe
per humiliation in Junin. The Executive has every hope that noun, with that friendship and 'harmony which we owe to
the auxiliaries which left Panama for Peru in October, have ar- friendly nations who seek an understanding with us, on behalf
rived at an opportune moment, and that, by extending the of our people, and of universal peace.
none of operations, they- will consolidate the advantages al- The superior authority of Hayti has also accredited to the
ready gained, accelerate tne day of Peruvian liberty, and irre- Government of Columbia a public agent, who proposed to ce-
vocably fix the destiny of South ennierica. This new glory lebrate and conclude a Treaty of defensive alliance with us
was reserved for Colombia, and for you the satisfaction of having against all invaders of either territories. The language of li-
contributed thereto by all the means in your power, and more berty displayed in the propositions of this agent, and the pri-
especially, by having permitted the Liberator to leave the ter- vate services which the Liberator and President received from
titoraia of the Republic. In conformity with the resolution of the humane and sensible petition, at a calamitous moment,
the,.egielature, I have not ratified the Convention respecting did not blind the executive to the conduct it had to observe
territorial limits' entered into between Colombia and Peru.— in this most delicate negociation. Hayti had
defended its in-
tnnwitlistanding die importance of this measure, the Execu- dependence against the pretensions of France, of which it
nve has abstained from renewing the negaciations, under an formed part, as Columbia now defends hers against those of
inepreesion that we ought to give an example of good faith Spain. A defensive league with Ilaytiwould have subjected es
anti generosity; by suspendivall discussion thereon, whilst the to a war with a nation against whom we
have no complaint,.
Peruvian Republic be occupiedg, by the troops of Colonibia.. di and whom we ought not to provoke to hostilities. The into-
The gepublic of Mexico has just given a terrible lesson to rest of the Republic consists in diminishing the number of its
Usd-rporsof the rights- of the people. General lturbide violate enemies, whilst the proposed treaty would have increased them,
ed tree law which banished him, and landed on the Mexican and have taken place precisely under circumstances when the
enientemler circumstances which alarmed the Government. Spanish Government is making every effort to compromise
terrie
Ire as declared a actcr deserving d b Act of Congress, France in the war with America. Never can the into-
and
tae penalty was inflicted -.withouteath opposetion. It seems rests of Hayti and Colombia be identified with respect to their
evident' that the .31exican Goverement has, by this measure, ancient metropolises. A sympathy, indeed, prevails in this
risinie an iMportant stride towards stability and prosperity.— particular between Colombia and those States of America which
hecent intelligence - froM that part of America states, that the formerly depended on Spain, and it is on this account that the
most energetic and extraordinary measures are taken to defend Government of the Republic rid
it
and concluded a
its independence against the views of S.pain, and to compel Confederation among the new American States. The treaties
to
towns that disregard the pact of anion, to return to their existing between these and ourselves, prevent us, by their very
duty. nature, from entering into alliances with countries which
• The provinces of Guatemala continue to prtnerve unmolested have not belonged to the Spanish nation, and a defensive
the sovereignty into Which they spontaneously elected them- alliance with Hayti would arouse a new enemy against our
selves. An accredited Minister from that Gevernisient to the allies without their knowledge and • consent. You know,
leeptibUcC is now residing in our cannal. A -favourable oppor- Gentlemen, that the eastern part of the island of Saint Do-
tentitw, therefure, presents itself of nettling' points of great inte- min go belonged to France, in virtue of the treaty of Basilea,'
- rest_ The establishment of limits between Colombia and Gua- anti that it was afterwards restored to Spain by the treaty
reign imperiously called fortis con Sequence of certain Fo- of Paris; that in the year 1822 the inhabitants; of the city
reign era pretending to a right d the coast of Mosquito, and of -Saint Domingo proclaimed their independence; that in'-the
inaeurach as the interior boundary line between the countries is last days of their-political existence they raised the Colorro.
net ascertained. The Executive, in strict compliance with the bias standard ; and that the Chief of Ila.yti has reduced this
la wof the 12th of July, of the year 1821, has declared that part territory to his dominion, for reasons that are not accurate-
al the Atlantic coast which extends from Cape Gracios a Dios ly kdown, although its fundamental law is urged as a pretext.
eu the river Chagree, belongs to the Republic, and that all coin- It does not seem that the conduct of the President of Hayti
ought to draw on him the enmity of
nization made therein without the sanction of the Government Spain, which is the only
-died lewd; of Colombia, is null'and void. ' I submit this decree nation with which we are at war; because, when the Authori-
to -jeer judgment, as well as the arguments I have adduced in ties of Hayti occupied that part of the island, which was for-
.defance of, the integrity of the p
territory of the Republic and its merly Spanish, they did not take possession of a Spanish terri-
rigins, and in order to frustrate the views of our enemies. . for but hut of an independent country, which had manifested a
The agitated state of the Brazilian empire has not yet en- wish to place itself under the protection of Colombia. All there
alez.L.a ..,4 to form relations of friendship and good understanding considerations have induced the Executive to refer the proposi-
vita, tUat ,Government, with which we have likewise to arrange don of the Haytian agent to the united assembly of the PleM-
„clues :ions regal-din- • territorial limits. We are assured of the potentiaries of the American Governments. France, and our
goon diepOsitlim of the Emperor towards Colombia ; and, on Allies, will observe in this upright proceeding the principles
our part, we have avoided all cause of -complaint and -dissen- and good policy of the Colombian Government; the former,
sion. When the momect snail arrive for negociating with the especially, meat perceive that we act with sincerity and good
Beezlian Government, the Executive Will not fail to observe intentions in the steps we have taken to. incline his Most
that frankness and good faith which form tire basis of its prin- Christian Majesty in favour of tire Republic, and that we do
eipies, by conforming to the last territorial treaty made between not attribute to the French Government the suspicous and urea-
Spain and Portugal, in Madrid, in 1777. cherous conduct displayed by those persons who arrived herein
-With the United States- we Maintain the most friendly and the frigate Term, and whose voyage seems to have had fur its
eardialwrelations. Tire treaty of peace, friendship, ratviea- object a visit to the country merely to pry into the state of our
ti•nt, .and. • commerce, celebrated by the Executive with those" affairs.
States, -through the medium of duly authorized Plenipotentia- The tranquillity enjoy el hy the Republic has enabled the
tentaistellnbetforthwith laid before you. The principles we have Executive to make arrangements for the extension of the new
tie weir, adopted are so commendable in their nature as to render method of instruction in the first rudiments of learning, for in-
.att ealogium superfluous. Never has the Government of Co- creasing the number of scholars, establishing new professor-
., Leonia appeared more attached to that spirit of civilization I ships, and reforming some colleges which still languished under
ands. humatrity which ought to distinguish tire Governments the ancient colonial syntem 'of education, and the horrors of the
of -free people, than in this treaty. Colombia will have the war. The progress of public education must necessarily be
leutlehle pride of having been `tire first among the States of slow, whilst the funds of the colleges continue so small as they
• etiminot Spanish America, to appear before the world united are at present ; and perhaps we might mistrust the benefit of
by public treaties with the most favoured nation of liberty.— the establishments that have been founded, did we not observe
You will also examine the cenrentien entered into with these ' the youth of the country eager to learn, and theheachers de-
- StateS, for the purpoSe onputting an end to' the honnlile traffic voting themselves to public instruction, without other incentive
in negroes of Africa. .Our 'ewe have already forbidden this ex- than their own zeal, and respect for their characters. I hope
',terabit: traffic, and tIW Exacutive• hen; formed its conduct on that in the course of this Session time will be found for digesting
their basis. The law of the 2I et of- euly, of tire year 11, has d. a general plan of study, the want of which is every day mere
- . /*bidden 'the introititteion of etavese end the provisional cruti- sensibly felt.
hinewttilnanitem emideren as 'eyeful prizes all vessels trading in The project oflaws for the political and judicial administra-
sefeltan negrnew that may be captured in the waters within the don of departments, which were laid before the Executive at
isniction of the Republic.
it no penalty being awatded i the close of the last Session, will be returned to you, with such
fir the violation of this law, rid it being a justice due to the 1 objections thereto as seem to mewapedient. I will not assert
he inan raceno.modify our cruising-laws, the Executive thinks that such objections will render these important laws perfect,
tioit these objects have been obtained by our convention with but your intelligence, and the time that will be afforded you • M. PELLETIF.it, ntllii or of some poliiimil norm,
t -ttlegiUnited States. for their deliberate discussion, inspire me with a confidence that pblets, has just died, at Can years of agm Although he at first
• i c
To convey a correct ten in our relatione with Europe, e your labours will make them so, and that their utility will be entertained revolutionary principles, as he himself has owned
deem it incumbent on me to deal frankly, by entering on a acknowledged throughout the Republic. The Executive is in some writings published in England, yet he soon joined
dented winch Wilt .give you this infermation, .And at the same Persuaded that these two laws will correct the errors which Champeenez and Rivarol; and in concert with them he pub,
time demonstrate -to the ,world the political principles of the exist in the government of deparunents, and will partially im- lisped The At•t: of the Apostles, a -periodical work, principally
Government of Colombia. The Conuniesioners of his Britannic Prove the administration of justice, by making it a positive and directed against die measures of the Constitutional Assembly.
Majesty, in this capital,- requested that the Executive would substantial blessing to the people, who complain witlemuch Being obliged to quit France after the memorable 10th of
novae the ate/nal:se necessary for the recognitien of the Consuls reason of the extensive jurisdicthin embraced by the only three August, in which be asserted he had an acute share, he took
sent by the King to seine of oer ports. As no commissions ac- tribunals of appeal which we possess, and of the circumscribed refuge in England, where he edited, along with some French
companied this application as is usual and customary, the Power of the 3lunicipalities. But that this blessing may- he emigrants, Several papers e.gainst France, acid among others a
Intecutive was under the painful necessity of deferring the rendered complete, it is absolutely necessary to issue a law re- pamphlet called the .Anthigu. In the short interval of the
e r,trtatur, until these contemesione should he duly presented by specting the revenues of corporation lands, since the health, • peace of Amiens, 111. Pelletier, instead orrelaxing the hostile
the several parties. relying on their being framed in the terms convenience, and ornament of our towns, the state of the roads, tone he had assumed against the different governments which
initial ainong nations. As soon as the pe.rsen on whona the title and the 'facilities of communication, require certain fund*, had sprung up, one' after the other, in Ids native soil, redoubled
of Consul-General had been conferred ariieed in this capital, he without which, the Municipalities will be mere cyphers in the his attaclee against Buonaparte personally, at that time First
pi
wieated his commiesion, assuring the Executive at the same State. Consul. Napoleon was weak *enough to be offended at it, and
time that the commissiens of the Consuls of La Guayra,Maracai- I may state to you, that in general no unfavourable change
no, Carthagena, and Panama, were conceived in the same terms. has occurred in the progress and regularity of the constitu- had the imprudence to call upon the English Cabinet for the re-
preesion of the libels against him. He was answered that the hu-
The commission manes mention of the Provinces eed Celonatai tional regime. The authonties daily respect our institutions sinese was altogwther independent of the Government, but that
instead of the Reputfie of Columba, by„whienthe latter title it more ind more; and the citizens enjoy the free privilege of the Courts of Justice were open to whoever had reason to corn-
was determined b our fundamentaliaw that tide country should demanding the fulfillment of the laws. It would indeed be a pain of the license of the press. Napoleon did not disdain to
he known since tea, year 1819 ; wad the Consuls are therein ace phenomenon in polities if an-infant society like ours could nave recourse to those means, and 31. Pelletier was cited before
credited to the,Aneerifiee that .tnig,'d hajvcen to b:-: estabautxd, arrive at its height of prosperity without obstacles and slight the Court of King's Bench. It was 31r. Mackintosh, at pre-
instead of being accredited tte the E xecutive Powernor President oscillations. Colombia has still to experience the of of sent one of the most distinguished Members of the Opoosi-
a the Repoblic, as they might to have been, agreeably to the the •wanderinge of ignorance, and the incessant intrigues of tion, who undertook Iris defence; but he could not, with all
principles of public right, to our Co
anti to the out enemies ; although it is true that neither can impede her ad- his eloquence, prevent his client being found g-uilty of libel ;
cenduct observed by the-IT:lined States. Tile Executive consi- vance to that point at which she must one day arrive. Thedis- . hut the rupture of the Treaty of Amiens ' caused the execution
dered these errors as a necessary consequence of that state of turbances in Pasto, which, from the nature of the country, and of the jecigment to be annulled. Notwithstanding the number
ambiguity and practical, difficulties in which the English Go- the character a the people, threatened to he of long duration, of writines M. Pelletier has published, he has not left a single
vernment found itself plaited in treating of the recognition of hive subeidede and the Government has visited them with as wo k that is remembered; he had more spleen than talent.
the Independence of Colombia, as was stated to Pitrliament by much induigence as was compatible with public security. That His death is but a light loss to the republic of letters, and per-
the Ministers of his Britannic Mejeste's Government; for, in activity and-vigilance which suffocated this germ of disunion
reality, it wouid have been a manifest contradiction to have will do tire same on all occadons where deluded persons suffer hats it saves the Royal Treasury the payment of a heavy Pen-
the Cusrier Francois.)
accredited Consuls to the ports of Colombia in the usual terms, tnemielves to be seduced into the .commission of disorders.
and
aas the righte of natioos demand without rezegnizing the Tlie people desire to live in e ace under protection of the laws, ura eously
cause, for which he wrote, and exposed himself so co
ig .
indepndence and existence of the Government from which it and whilst trey themselves take charge of the public tranquil.' M. Pelletier, well known for his devotedness to the Royal
from the beginning of the Revolution, has just died at 'arts.-
sought the admission of these officers. The Executive did not lity, and supi ort our institutions, the Republic will enjoy in- He was tile chief editor of a collection which was touch in
beentete in adopting the line of conduct most comfortable with tereal quiet, and the standing army will hate fewer duties to vegae in 1789, and the two following, years, The /lets of the
the dignity of the Republic, and serviceable to the interests or the dissliarim. Apo:Her. After the 10th of Auguest," 179 d,
t the Govern
Midst.. nation. . Placed in the pninful situation of deceiving the Our inft'-rnali commerce requires some regulations, in order to En Blanc' where he never 'ceased to write a ';aln,s ..mate -
Republic, by iliegelly recogntsing, as duly accredited Consulsi suppress ths, abuses committed by our Sailors, and toprotectnavi. merits which took the place, for a time, of the legti mo-
ne constantly pro-
Ire withdrew to
persons who did not come recommended to. the Government of gation ; and our commerce. (-owlet! on whit
the enaste inhabited welly. Having returned to France in 1814, ,
(olornbia, and who quire some spec. a ,
did net appear destined for the portsby wandtr:ng tribes,re ' d '3ll ws in order to spare fessed the purest and most disinterested zeal for the monarchy
Journ. d's Debat,-,)
•. the ,Rerthlic, I. I .cliti not h,esitate to.. refuse the at:quota, to fie Executive those emharrassmenis which it has experienceu in and the Bourbons. lie was 62 years 01d..—( -

this particular of late years. I 'require from Congress a law
denying, letters of citizenship to Individuals of any nation with
whom the Republic may be at war. • This is a law to be found
in the code.of a nation that may be truly called free, and -any
demonstration of its necessity appears tome superfluous. -
The exhattationaif the national treasury will continue to be
sensibly felt whilst the payment of arrears fall' on the annual
revenue, and the system continues to prevail of not fixing the
,publicietpences, and providing correspondent funds for meet-
ing them. To these causes .of fiscal embarrassment may be
added at present the necessity we have been under of increasing
the standing army, with a view of opposing a vigorous resist-
ance to the hostile undertakings of Spain. I cannot give you
an accurate idea of the improvement that has been made in the
treasury department, in virtue of the laws issued in the last
Session, owing to the short period that has elapsed since their
publication. The Executive has given that tone and impulse
that were co essentially wanted in the general administration.
The Custom-houses and Treasuries of Departments, always
consulting however the strictest economy. I hope that in the
course of the present legislature you will digest a systematic
arrangement of the tithe-rents, a reform in the law of direct
contribution, and such other objects as the Executive will point
out to you-in virtue of the privilege it derives from the Con-
stitution to that effect.
The various and unpleasant questions that were agitated re-
garding the loan of March 1822, have been set at rest in a
manner satisfactory to the parties, and honourable to the Re-
public. For this purpose the Executive had recourse to the
powers granted by you, in the Act of theist of .July, 1823, and
the result shall be in due time laid before you. The Con-
gress must be highly gratified in learning that our conduct in
this transaction has met with the general approbation of those
respectable- persons in foreign countries, who were best able to
appreciate the difficulties which enveloped it.
I shall likewise give you a most circumstantial account of
the mode and the terms on which the loan decreed on the
30th of June of last year has been raised. To those who arc
acquainted with the histories of other nations, the conditions
of this loan have appeared highly favourable. The Executive
has observed that its agents have confined themselves to
the instructions they received on leaving the Capital: their
operations have been conducted under the eye and direction
of the Colombian Minister in London, and, the conduct of
.this public functionary has obtained the applause of all
avlio have observed him narrowly. It has been a source
of great- satisfaction to the Executive, that the new loan was
not negociated until the question of the old one had been satis-
factorily disposed of; and the consequence was that the former
was contracted under most favourable circumstances, which, by.
having been taken advantage of at the moment, saved us from
the burthensonie conditions to which we must, otherwise, have
submitted. You will examine the documents which will be
presented to you with accuracy and discretion, and you will re-
ceive all the necessary information thereon from the Secretary
of the Treasury, since, in this examination, are comprised the
interests of our constituents, the honour of the Government,
and the good faith of the Republic. I can congratulate myself,
by- anticipation, with the aesurance that the Congress and the
nation will be well pleased with this transaction.
It is essential to the public prosperity and national credit.
that you employ a portion of your labours in funding the na-
tional debt. Every. year that passes accumulates fresh em-
barrassments in this particular for the succeeding ones. The
debt embraces various periods, objects, and creditors, without
proper classification of each. You know well that it Is abso-
lutely necessary that a classification of those periods be made,.
as well as provision for the noncom' payment of the interest,
and the gradual extinction of the principal. • Although a law
on this subject was passed last Session, you will agree with me
in thinking that it is imperfect and informal.
The standing army continues to give proofs of its obedience
to the laws. Although no enemies are to be found within the
Republic with whom to contend, it has remained on the war
footing required by the state of European politics. The Exe-
cutive has carried into effect so much of the law which provided
for.thc levying fifty thousand men as. was necessary in order to
reinforce-the auxiliary army of Peru, to cover the coast &pert-
inent% and to organize several corps of reserve in the interior.
Orders has e been given for -forming the national
militia
throughout the country, on the principle laid down by the Con-
gress of Cocotte; in,sa much that several corps of citizens, who
recognize the defence of- the country as their first duty, are now
Lidded to our battalions. You will examine the provisional de-
crees which the Executive has issued for the due observance of
the law on this eubject, and will establish a permanent system
for the national militia in all the branches and objects of its or.
ganization. These measures, and the abundant elements of
war Which we possess. have placed the Republic in a condition
to present itself armed at all points, in defence of its liberty and
independence. .
Our naval force is'irridtorgaing that improvement and increase
Which, in our itrinsediate circumstances, it requires. The Co-
lorable!: flag has made itself respected throughout the seas, and
where it has encountered that of Spain, it has left a monument
of the superiority which it derives from the valour of its sailors.
The Executive has adopted measures for fixing the strength of
our navy, as well on our rivers and coasts as on the high seas,
and-for laying aside euclieessels as occasion immense expencas,
without being of the slightest service. Little, however, can be
done in this departmentsunless education be encouraged among
our naval officers, and'until the lawa, to which I have else.
where referred, be enforced. Naval instruction is taught in
Carthagena and Guar-Oil, as far as the small funds which the
Executive can supply for this purpose will permit; but it Can
make but little plogrette until warmly protected by Congress..
Having already represented the state of the army to Congress,
in my former Messages, pointing out such laws as appeared to
me necessary and jest, I shall content myself with naming the
subject, in tne hope that 'during the present Session, you will
take this interesting object into your consideration.
Such is the state of our Republic in the various branches of
its administration : possessing friendship and good intelligence
with 'American anal Foreign Governments; regularity in its
conventions and treaties ; order and tranquillity at home ; re-
ect and submission to the laws ; free exercise of the liberty
othe Press ; the dissemination and advancement of public
education ; well- founded -hopes of improvement in the state of
our Treasury ; an army covered with laurels and zealously
devoted to the cause of independence and liberty ; together
with sufficient resources for supporting, under every event, our
dignity, our government, and our laws. It belongs to you,
Gentlemen, to remove such obstacles as impede the rapid march
of the it epublic to its height of prosperity, and to reform those
errors, which the public voice, and your own judgments, con-
demn. If we take a retrospective view, and contemplate what
Colombia was when she published her code, we shall recognize
with surprise, the grand career we have since run, and the
enormous difficulties we have surmounted. This reflection
should animate us to persevere with zeal, honour, and pa-
triotism, in the exercise of our respective faculties. The Exe.
maitre has reason to expect these virtues from the Representa-
tives who compose the legislative assemblies, and you may
rsly, confidently, on receiving from me such assistance as my
experience in the administration may enable me to afford ; and,
above all, the strictest punctuality in the execution of your
wise resolves.
FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER.
Jan. 2, 1825.-15.

COLOMBIA.

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THE LATE M. PELLETIER.