The Sun.
London, England, 1838-08-20 00:00:00

TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND

TRIPOLI.

lAt. 1. His Excellency the Bashaw, Dey of Tripoli, shall
transmit to the Rear- Admiral commanding the French squa-
dron, a letter signed by his Excellency, and addressed to his
Majesty the Emperor of France, wherein he shall beg his
Most Christian Majesty to accept his humble excuses for the
circumstances which have compelled the Consul-General to
quit his past.
2. The hey renounces the right to cruiser or to authorise
cruising in time of star, against the vessels of Powers who
shall judge it convenient to renounce the exercise of the same
right towards the commercial vessels of Tripoli. The com-
mercial vessels of the two nations can navigate freely without
being molested by hostile ships of war, unless they shall wish
to penetrate a blockaded port, or that they should bring
soldiers or contraband objects of war.
In the latter of these two cases they will be seized, but their
confiscation cannot be pronounced except by a legal decree.
All Tripolitan vessels out of these exceptional cases, that
shall stop a merchant vessel, may be treated as pirates by any
other Power whatever, without impediment to the good intel-
ligence prevailing between that Power and the Regency of
Tripoli. The Dey moreover renounces augmenting in future
the naval force he possesses at this moment, of which a list,
properly verified and proved, shall be annexed to the pre-
sent treaty.
3. The Dey for ever abolishes the l‘very of Christians in
his states. All the Christian slaves who may exist there shall
be set free. The Dey engages to indemnify the proprietors and
to make no more slaves, or to allow this to be done in future
by his subjects. If the Dey hereafter be at war with Another
state, the soldiers and sailors who may fall into his powcr shall
be treated as prisoners of war, according to the usages of F. u-
ropean nations ; and the passengers, noncombatants, shai:
be immediately liberated without ransom.
4. What foreign vessels may happen to be wrecked on the
coast of the Regency shall receive the assistance, succour, and
provisions of which they may stand in need. The Dey will
take the most prompt and severe measures to insure the safety
of the passengers and crews of such ships, and respect the pro-
perty on board. If murders be committed on the passengers
or crews, those who may be the authors shall be pursued and
punished as assassins by the justice of the country; and the
Dry, moreover, shall pay to the Consul of the nation to
which the persons who may have been the victims apper-
tain a sum equal in value to the amount of the cargo of the
vessel. If there should have been several assassina-
tions, the Dey shall pay a sum equal to twice the value
of the cargo; and in case there shall have been murder com-
mitted on individuals of different nations, the Dey shall divide
between the Consuls of each nation, and in proportion to the
number of persons assassinated, the sum he will have to pay;
so that this sum can be directly transmitted by each Consul to
the families of those whn may have perished. If the property
and merchandise carried by the vessels wrecked happens to he
plundered, the Dry shall restore the price to the Consul of
the nation to which the vessel may appertain, independently of
what he shall have to pay for the assassinations that may have
been committed.

5. Foreign Powers' can henceforward establish their Con-
suls and commercial agents in every part of the regency they
may desire, without having to make for thin object any present
to the local authorities, and generally all tributes, presents,
gifts, or other donations of any sort which Government or
their agents pay in the Regency of Tripoli, of whatever
title, in whatever circumstance, or under whatever denomina-
tion it may be, viz., such as at the conclusion of a treaty,
or at the installation of a Consular rgent, shall be con-
sidered as abolished, and cannot he exacted nor re-established
hereafter.

6. Foreign subjects can freely trade with Tripolitan sub-
jects on paying the established duties. They can buy from
the subjects of the Dey, and sell to them without hindrance
the merchandise produced by their respective countries, with-
out the Tripolitan Government forestalling for its own account
such merchandises, or making monopolies thereof. France
does not claim for herself any new commercial advantage, but
the Dey engages himself for the present and for the future to
make her participate in all the advantages, favours, facilities,
and privileges whatever, which are or which shall be accorded,
under any sort of title, to a foreign nation, advantages which
shall be acquired by France on the simple demand of her
Consul.

8. The capitulations made between France and the Porte,
as also the ancient treaties and past conventions between
France and the Regency of Tripoli, are confirmed, and shall
continue to be observed in all their stipulations from which the
present Act does not derogate.
'9. The present treaty shall be published on Thursday the
12th of the present August, in the city of Tripoli, the 17th
and the 22d in the neighbouring provinces and towns, and on
the 12th of September next at the extremities of•the Regency,
according to the forms and usages adopted in the country.
Made in duplicate on board the ship of the line of his Most
Christian Majesty the Trident, in the roadstead of Tripoli, in
Barbary, the 11th of August, IS3B.
ROSAME L.
L'HADGI MOHAMMED BELT AL MIL.

The Espoir de Bruxelles says The Duke of
Wellington, attended by a numerous suite is expected at
Leige. He hes taken apartments at the Hotel d'Angleterre.
We learn that he intends to be present at the races."
APOTHECARIES' El A LL.—Narnes of gentlemen to
whom the Court of Examiners granted certificates of.qualifi•
cation on Thursday;—Samuel King Russell, Shrewsbury;
James Jones; John Morgan, Narbeith ; John' Ballard Pitt,
Worcester; Prank Bampfylde Tuttictt, Newport, Isle of
Wight.

DEATH BY LIGHTNING.-011 Tuesday week, a
young man, named Kendall, in the employ of Mr. George
Kettlewell, of Onseburn, farmer, was struck dead by the
electric fluid, whilst standing for shelter under at, oak tree.
A fellow servant was also under the tree at the time, and
what is very remarkable, he was not in the slightest degree
injured.—York Courant.
FALLING OF A HOUSE IN SPITALFIELDS.—
Thursday evening, about eight o'clock, a house in John-street,
Spitalfields, adjoining Hanbury's brew-house, and tenanted by
several poor weavers, fell down with a tremendous crash, but
providentially was not attended with any serious consequences.
One peraon, a female, had a most miraculous escape from de-
struction. • She was in bed at the time, and was thrown out,
in it into the street, and not hurt. The accident is
attributed to some labourers, who were undermining some
earth close to the premises in question, and had taken no pre-
caution to shore up the walls.
SHOCKING EVENT.—A singular and fatal acci-
dent occurred at Cold Ashton, near Marsfield, on Wednes-
day last, to a young girl, about fifteen years of age, named
Charlotte Williams. She was on a visit to her uncle, mho
keeps the White Hart at Ashton, and had been into a hayfield
adjoining the house, and was sitting on the gate, having a
hayfork in her band with the prongs toward her body, whent
by some jar the fork struck the ground, and one
prongs entered near the right breast, and, passing
upwards,
in
wards,
divided the carotid 'artery, and the poor girl bled to death
Ellis,
th
a few minutes. An inquest was held before W.
—Bristol
the
Esq•, and a verdict returned of Accidental Dem.
Gazette.

g' V X'

AyA\l, , - -
IRELAND. /12,11.7 e''';''• ''''
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MEETING AT THE CORN E -elf sOtair- 'iat'4-a?a,.4
The second meeting of Mr. O'Connell's oitaayiril 71' i
suant to the Hon. and Learned Gentleman's
held to-day. The great room was crowde • $ 0A1,„
lery was filled with ladies. lair. Sharman Catscfcid"atirr
present.
•
On the motion of Mr. O'Connell, General Ai -abin was
called to the chair.
Mr. O'CONNELL said, that before he proceeded to the
business of the day, he had two or three preliminary mat-
ters, and one resolution which he intended to submit. The
first related to the unfortunate question of spirit license s, to
defeat which all his exertions were used, but without elf ct.
The next point he had to speak on was the Poor-laws. He
had been given to understand that an idea was .abroad
that he had, on the last day, expressed his °pinball in
favour of the measure. He did no such thing. What
he said was, that he hoped the Poor-law would work well- -
anything that was law he hoped would work well for the
country, and he would further say, that the great God of
Heaven may make it work well for the poor of Ireland. Whe'zr
he spoke of Corporate Reform on the former day, and of turn..
ing out the Corporate body that exists at present, he did not.
mean that a loss should fall on any individual._ be had no in-
dividual hoatility agaiest any one member of that body—he
would not wisi; to injure those persons supporting their fa-
milies by salaries derived fra.m situations under the present
corporation. There was anothasr subject to which he would
allude with much pleasure—the Westmeath petition—on the
last day he stated that the Catholic Clergymen had been
grossly calumniated in every petition presented against the
return of the independent Irish Member a. Of the thirteen pe-
titions, eleven had been tried, and not a single particle of
evidence was offered to sustain these infamous charges.
This fact leads to this observation, that the Caaholic people of
Ireland, and their Clergy, have been grossly insulted by these
charges, which have been most infamously crammed into those
petitions, in order that they might be circulated thraugh the
people of both countries, for the vile purpose of creating an
unfavourable impression, and a bad feeling against the Catho-
lic Clergy and people of Ireland.—( Hear, hear.) Now,
as he (Mr. O'Connell) was speaking about the West-
meath petitlen, might he not say one word about the Mar-
quis of Westmeath.—( Hear, hear) ? That comical fellow ex-
ceeds, in point of depravity, any other man in the count.-y
standing upon two legs, and is of so unsavoury a smell that'
he (Mr. O'C.) would go half a mile out of his way sooner
than he should come between hint and the wind. Nothing
amused him so much as that he sleauld have this creature's
ill-will ; and for what ? Why, becataise he said, " that his
lady was blameless." Oh I what an oroament of husbands
he must be.—(Laughter.) He instituted a suit aglinst her
in order to procure a separation, and if he could sustain the
charges which he had the indecency to put forwerd, he most
undoubtedly would have succeeded in the object which he
had in view ; but he did not. Success did not attend him.
He failed, and, therefore, it is a crime for an Irishmen to say
that an innocent and beautiful woman was blameless.—(ilear.)
Why, that animal, Lord Westmeath, what reason has he to get
into a pas: ion for such a thing as that ?—( Hear.) The reason
is this—there was a pension paid to that lady of seven hundred
pounds a-year ou: of his property, which, by a little bit of dex-
terity he made appeai' less. He made his rent-roll smaller than it:
was, and he pays her noa' only 3i51. per year—there is base
unmanliness to a beautiful and lovely woman—that woman
whom he swore at the altar to protect, to love, to honour, and
to cherish—that base wretch, convicted of cruelty to a defence-
less woman, has now become his (Mr. o*!...'s) calumniator.—
( Hear, hear.) He has asserted three lies. First the Carlow
lie. Now, he ( Mr. O'Connell) never denied ,`lse Carlow lie;
but the Right Rev. Dr. Nolan, the late Catholic Bishop of
Carlow, who sat at his (Mr. O'C.'s) right hand, and Mr.
Keough, the late high sheriff of Carlow, who sat at liss left,
took the trouble of contradicting the foul and odious calumny,
stating, under their hands, that the charge made against .trim
(Mr. O'C.), by the Carlow Tories, was notoriously false; but
yet the manly and moral Marquis of Westmeath repeated it;.
and small blame to him.—(Hear.) The next lie was the
"factory lie," the English factory lie, which charged him
(Mr. O'Connell) with having received money from Man-
chester, but that lie had this character about it—that it was
chronologically false—for he was bribed at the time when the
money did not exist ; but yet the Marquis of Westmeath repeats
it. The next lie which he put forward was that about " Mr.
Barnard Maguire," who, he alleges, said that he (Mr.
O'Connell) was bribed at the time when the Mtirquis of
Westmeath prosecuted him, and that it was in consequence
of that bribe that he (Mr. Maguire) was acquitted; and for
that lie Mr. Maguire met the " Marquis" in Sackville-street,
and spat in his face ; and what did the valiant Lord do? Why
he put up with the insult; he wiped his face, and went away.
—( Hear, hear.) Why, his Is:.ading counsel was Mr. Cramp-
ton, now Judge Crampton, and ii.fr. Perrin and Mr. O'Ltichlen
were his (Mr. O'Connell's) broth,n• barristers in the cause,
and where would be the use in bribing' him (Mr. O'Connell)
if his leading counsel was not bribed alsC ; but, perhaps, he
insinuated as much. Now, there was one fas't, and it was this
—Mr. Jas. Gray, of the Linen-hall, a most rt. spectable man,
was foreman of the Jury, and when he (Mr, O'Connell)
and his legal friends had closed their evidence upon the
part of Lord Westmeath, he said to one of the ..fudges—
"My Lord, what has all this to do with Mr. Mag,lire ?"
—and we turned about and consulted whether we would
go on with the case or not, and then Judge Vandeleura,
who tried the case, intimated that Mr. Maguire could
laot be acquitted until the end of the trial, and the trial was
pro,-.ceded with. On the other side there was Messrs. Wallace
and blackburne, and he (Mr. O'C.) put Wallace out of Court
for it' he was allowed to speak, he would not Isaac left a mor-
' sea of skin opon Lord Westmeath's back--for Mr. Wallace was
none of yarn: ,-nealy.mouthed fellows—and so, by a little ma-
nagement, Mr, Wallace was put out of Court. But he (Mr.
O'C.) went on stad made a speech of three hours—God for-
give him, but Mr. 11:7aguire was acquitted, and the other wit-
nesses, who were pronnced to prove a charge of adultery
against the Marquis, went by that conviction. He was ac-
quitted of the charge of adultery ; but he was convicted of
" cruelty." After this trial he wrote most kindly to him
(Mr. O'C.), and, at a dinner which he had on the next
day, he gave his (Mr. O'C.'s) health with all the honours,
and he sent him (Mr. O'C.) his pamphlet, in which he
said that he kicked the Duke of Vellington out of his
house, and in which he threatened to horsewhip the Duke
on his way down to the Ordnance. Somc body told the
Duke—but the Duke took a good bunch of a silsillalah in his
hand, and carried it about for A week, intendbag—not to
horsewhip the Marquis—but to break every bone in ;:is body.
This so deterred the "valiant" Marquis that he did not carry
his threat into execution. As to that calumny, he Mr. O'Con-
nell) forgave it—and Mr. Maguire has the benefit of his (Mr...
O'Connial's) evidence, to say that that verdict of acquittal is
undiminished by that attack of the Marquis of Westmeath
upon him. He ( Mr. O'Connell) considered the brute who
was cruel to his wife, and convicted of treachery to every one
that happened unfortunately to come in contact with him—a
creature snore contemptible than any vermin that ever crawled
perass a human head of hair—should sink to that oblivion
intn which he (Mr. O'Connell) would most strenuously re-
commend him to retire. These calumnies contained in those
petitions should be met everywhere—those foul slanders should
be refuted. The Catholic people of Ireland owed it to them-
selves and to the Catholic clergy to come forward and demon-
strate to the world, that those charges were nothing more or
less than foul lies and slanderous calumnies.

THE NEW ASSOCIATION.
Mr. O'CONNELL then entered into a very able review of the
present posture of affairs, and concluded by reading hit
is for the formation of the Precuisor Society, which s to
be finally organized in November. If justice, including the
total extinction of tithes, be not obtained, then the Society is
to be organized into aq,,Association-for a Repeal of the
Union.

Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFORD next addressed the ;netting. He
condemned the past policy of the Ministry regardlog.lteland,
and strongly censured Mr. O'Connell's course of political
conduct.
After some angry discussion between the parties-, Mr.
GALLOWAY observed that- Mr. Crawford had throw? a
damp on the general feeling which actuated the asse:n-
bly ; he (Mr. Crawford) had exclusively occupied him-
self in reiterating past grievances, and in indulging in topics
of dissension and disunion instead of giving a pledge for future.
exertions ; he could bear testimony to the splendid talents and
useful practical services of Mr. O'Connell in the cause of Ire-
land. He (Mr. Galloway) felt deeply anxious for the success
of the Association, and Pegged he might be enrolled a member ;
he would pledge himself to obtain similar acts of sympathy
from other
,Englishmen, and Ass already authorised to pro-
pose twenty, whose names he hasllded in. Mr. G.'s obser-
vations, of ehich the above is the I,:ibstanee, were received
with much applause. On the motion of O'Connell, a spc-
ciallvote of thanks was proposed to him, Lind carried, for his
services in the cause of Ireland. A vast nunilx'r of members
were then enrolled, and the meeting separated.

SWIMMING SOCIETY.--The commencement of the
competition for the gold medal offered by the National Svirr-
ming Society to the most expert swimmer, took place tits
morning at the Serpentine River, .Hyde Park. Twelve or
fourteen persona entered the lists qs competitors, all of whnnil
plunged into the water at half. past six o'clock. The Society
has directed that as many competitors as may desire it may
contend on Monday (this day), Tuesday, Wednesday, wad
Thursday ; and that the three most expert on each of th?s7
days shall be privileged to compete in the grand match wine
will take place. on Friday next, on which day the twelve ric
lected will have to rlunge in at a given hour,
itouch /i
opposite bank, and immediately return ; the one
first to be entitled to the gold medal othred by thev mgets
Society.had
Early this morning an immense concoursehiocfh
were personsmade
assembled to witness the proceedings, w
doubly interesting by the beauty of the m olarenidni,rd.
goTidhem
eNdad
.
Na-
tional Swimming Society bras offered
a a
the Art of Swimming, on or before t
to any lady or gentleman who prodhucfipers the
dabesotEssayoia
e next'
year.
propitiouspicturesque and agreeable watering has been hitherto
highly
SPA (B E LGIfoUr
Aft
t)i is—T-ileseason
place, the principal hotels here, and the adjacent town of Aix-
la-Chapelle, being filled with English, Russian, and Prussian
visitors of distinction. Among the former are the Marquis, of
Hertford and party, the Earl and Countess of Burlington, and
several members of the Cavendish family, Earl and Countess
of Stanhope, and Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope, Lord Burghcrsh
on his way to attend the Coronation at Milan, General Sir
John M'Leod and family, Lord and Lady William Paget and
family. Prince Maximilian of Bavaria passed through laGt,
week on his return to Munich". Mr. Wood, Secretary to the
English Admiralty, has taken a house at Aix-la-Chapelle for
;he season. Like most other continental watering places,
there is a great deal of play going on, and the losses of the
hank have, it is said, been considerable.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

The Standard supposes it has stopped the mouths of all
who wish the repeal of the Corn-laws, by a series of que-
ries; which are either irrelevant, or extravagant, or involve
fals,e'assumptions. It is too bad in the present day to be
grtsvely asked to answer such a query as this, " Ist, Would
not an admission of foreign corn cause a great extent of
British land to be put out of tillage, and, by consequence,
a great number of agricultural labourers to be put out of
employment ?" When did ever the Standard hear et land
being put out of tillage by the importation of grain ? This
query must be addressed to those extravagant spouters who
tell the people that a free trade in corn would have the
effect of bringing down wheat to 30s. the quarter. The truth
is that very exaggerated notions are entertained of the
effects of a free trade. One of the effects unques-
tionably -would be the raising of the price in the ex-
porting countries, and lowering somewhat the prices
here ; but the quantity imported would not for some
time be great. But when did any one ever hear of the
land of a country going out of tillage in consequence of
importation? Since the pasting of Sir John Newport's Act
large importations of corn from Ireland have taken place ;
but eho ever heard of one acre of England going out of
tillage on that account ! There is every year a large acces-
sion to our population, and consequently an increasing de-
mand for food. Between 1821 and 1831 the population of
Great Britain alone experienced art increase of upwards
of two millions, and ae a nearly corresponding in-
crease took place betrieen 1801 and 1811, and between
1811 and 1821, wa may assume something like 1.5 per
cent. as the regular decennial increase. With this con-
stantly increasing demand for food, the idea of land
going out of tillage is preposterous. The average price
might be 'somewhat lower by opening the ports, but
'the amotent of corn imported would not at first be great,
and would not keep pace with the increased demand of the
conseant addition to our popuiation. But the average
price in this country would no doubt, be somewhat lower ;
and, consequently, rents would be somewhat lower. And
in case of a regular trade, should there be a bad harvest
here, the chance would be greater of our obtaining the
supply wanted abroad, than under a system which
teaches the foreign grower to abandon all idea of
the Britisb market. The Eeadish farmer would
. also be greatly benefited ley a free trade ; for,
the price not being forced bp here, and unnaturally de-
pressed on the Centineeit, an equalisation would enable
him to export in yar.re of abundance. The Standard, from
not being much. acquainted with agriculture, apparently
supposes that a farmer may extend his corn growing ad
A. system of agriculture that does not scourge
and exhaust the soil requires a rotation of white with
green crops. A farmer who arbitrarily violates
the proportion which ought to obtain between his
different courses makes his land a caput mortuum.
We have neither space nor inclination to notice
the various bugbears which the Standard has con-
'ured up, such as the hundreds of thousands of agricultural
labourers driven into manufactories, &es But we observe
that it is not true that " unfavourable seasons seldom afflict
England without visiting our neigb.hours. A short crop in
England is almost always accompanied by a similar scarcity
on the Continent." Couetries in the same latitude, no
doubt, have nearly the same seasons. But we find that
between Land's
.eand. and John o' Groat's-house there is a
great variety of climate, and that a particular e rain or root
is abunderet in one part of the island and scanty in another.
Two raters ago there was an utter want of food for cattle
in the south of England, and London was supplied with meat
pi,acipally from Yorkshire and Scotland. The famine in the
highlands and Islands of' Scotland was not felt in this part of
the empire. But if there are two or three distinct climates
in this island alone, the differences must be still gre ter over
a whole continent. This island becomes earrowtowards
the north, and there is besides a large proportion of
the soil of the north of England and Scotland unfit
for tillage. In the cases of a b.a harvest in the south and
midland parts of England, and a good harvest in the north,
the latter is unequal to the wants of the former. But if
we take the countries corresponding with the north of Eng-
land and Scotland, we have a great breadth of some of the
most fertile land of Europe. So far is it from being true
that the harvest is bad in all countries at the same time,
that, when the crops have been both scanty and badly got
in here, the harvest has been excellent in many parts of
the Continent, and, on the other hand, when the people of
several countries on the Continent have been suffering, we
have had abundance here. The latter was the case when
the inhabitants of the greater part of Germany and Swit-
zerland, shortly after the peace, from a failure of their
crops, experienced a dreadful famine, and the people were
driven to eat all manner of weeds. We admit that th©
landlords have an interest in having prices artificially higher
here than on the Continent, and tenants who, on the faith
of high prices, have take leases at high rents ; but all other
classes would be benefited.—Morning Chronicle.
Poor Lord Durham ! Perseverance in our intended
strictures on what may doubtless be deemed the first and
last acts of his Lordship's Viceroyship is now rendered un-
necessary ; though, if a general feeling of indignation have
been excited by that nobleman's illegal and despotic ordi-
nances, the perfidious manner in which he has been treated
by the Ministers under whose auspices he has acted, must
really transmute such a feeling into something like pity for
his fate. True to their base and selfish instincts, the time-
serving Whigs, in deference to whom the Noble Earl had
at great personal sacrifice placed himself in the van of their
Canadian conflict, have at the first shot deserted, disho-
noured, and dismissed him. it is in vain to pretend that
their conduct towards Lord Durham has been otherwise
than we have now described it ; nor, on learning the
public affront which they have put upon him by
advising her Majesty to disallow his proceedings, is
it possible that his, Lordship can retain their commis-
sion for a single day ; unless, indeed, " that proud and
generous spirii, heretofore reputed as the very model
of sensitive honour," shall now be so abased by contumely
as to sulemit ignominiously to those freedoms with his cha-
racter and coronet which formerly he would have periled
his fife to resent. But, in truth, while the Noble Lord is
much too acute not to perceive that he has fallen a victim
to the sordid cowardice of those who (having authorized
the dangerous powers which he could scarcely do otherwise
than abuse) ought to have stood by him to the last, his
Lordship is also too proud not to retire from a position the
unpopularity of which they have sneakingly refused to
share. The fact is, as the Noble Earl will doubtless feel,
that finding their Cabinet to be in dangerous waters, they
have treacherously flung him and his ordinances overboard,
in order to save themselves. The thing is demonstrable.
When the illegality of the Durham decrees was first
broached in the House of Peers, the Ministry, never
dreaming that their tenure of office was likely to be affected
by any results which might follow, not only made a consi-
derable effort to deny that illegality, but even hazarded a
-wordy defence oftheir inculpated and absentfriend. Both Lord
Melbourne and Lord Glenelg affected to be quite big upon the
occasion. While the latter declared that, with the excep-
tion of the little Bermudean flaw, the ordinances were fully
justified by the circumstances of the colony, the former
Minister even carried himself so high as to rebuke and de-
nounce Lord Brougham for having presumed to question
their wisdom, or to do aught that might weaken their autho-
rity. Matters, however, soon began to assume a more me-
nacing aspect. A pair of fetters for Lord Durham were
already upon the anvil. The declaratory and restrictive
Bill was actually produced ; and, in spite of their mighti-
'acmes in office, was read a second time, with the appalling
certainty that it would go down in triumph to the House
of Commons, where, supported alike by Radicals and Con-
servatives, it behoved of course to become law. Now, as the
Whigs foresaw that their chivalrous, though futile, perse-
verance against a measure so generally approved of would
necessarily lead, first to their defeat, and then to their eject-
ment from office, the alarming alternati‘c of out or in pressed
itself upon their choice with an urgency which admitted of
neither evagion nor delay. If they had continued to oppose
a Bill which, by partially adapting itself to the views of the
Radicals, and by enabling the Conservatives to correct the
mischiefs resulting from an abuse of their confid, nee, de-
served the consistent support of both these parties, the
probability—nay, the certainty, seemed to be that the
Whigs would have been outvoted by such an overpowering
majority as must inevitable have extorted their resignation.
:Neither could they shut their eyes to the fict that th-ir
exit in such circumstances was by no means likely to be
either graceful or profitable. When a Ministry sacrifice
office in asserting or defending a point of popular liberty,
their retirement is en, rally advantageous to themselves,
as well by investing them with nn augmentation of cha-
racter, as by uniting the country to accelerate their return.
But in this Canada affair there was nothing creditable to go
out upon. On the contrary, public opinion was
universally enlisted against them ; and, worse than
all, tlirir
political opponents, having supported a
more generous and constitutional policy, were likely
to come into power with the national feeling running; decid-
edly
in their favour. Things, in short, had arrived at such
a pass, that unless something e
shipwreck re immediately done of a
hold and adequate character, thev of the Whigs
was inevitable. 'fifty knew this well, and as the. Canada
Restriction Bill was rapidly making head against them, not
a moment was to be lost in averting threatened dan-
e".
virtue of neces-
ger ; so, at the e'ev-rith hour, they
h
matte a
sity, supported the Bill they had Fret iously deprecated, and
flung Lord Durham to the winds. When Viscount
bourne told the Howe nt Peers that he had advised her
Majesty to disallow the Durham decrees, his Lordship hie-
hibited a spectacle of political humiliation which we veri y
believe has never yet been equalled. What ! disallow I
the ordinances which a stern necessity (as was alleged)
had rendered imperative—which Lord Glenelg had
pledged himself to justify " when the proper time
arrived," and which Lord Brougham had been in-

dignantly denounced for even venturing to breathe
upon ? " Oh, but the House of Peers," says Lord John
Russell, " contaitss many high legal authorities, to whose
opinions upon these ordinances, tholag h net lit accordance
with the opinions of Minis e; it becomes the Govern-
ment to defer !" Wi4y, this is mending matters with a
witness. Tteekss *hat are we to think of their oi,vn Lord
Chancellor and Attorney-General, by whom the legality of
time ordinances has been stoutly and doggedly main-
tained ? Are these functionaries no longer to be regarded
as " high legal authorities ?" The plain fact is this, they
have been obliged to eat their biscuit below hatches during
the portentous storm—Ministers thereby showing that in
their cowardly anxiety to escape being wrecked, the repute
of their friends at home is as little regarded by them as
the honour of their colonial officers. At all events Lord
Durham, as the Jonah of their recent disasters, has been
committed to the nether deep, ; and by this notable expe-
dient they have continued, aRh the mvstalous permission
of heaven, to weather through their first Parliamentary
voyage as her Majesty's responsible advisersl=~Emes.
The speculators in Foreign Corn-'the disinterested fra-
ternity who are at the hottotti ui the outcry for an opening
of the Ports and a itopeal of the Corn-laws—are, we be-
lieve, likely to bUrn their fingers by calculating upon a scar-
city in England arising from a scanty harvest. By ae-
cennts which we have received from various quarters, we
are enabled to assert, with some degree of confidence, that,
except on cold and poor lands, the Wheat crop will be an
average crop, and in some places better than an average
crop. The very circumstance of the harvest being a late
one must have a considerable effect in raising the price of
Wheat, for if the harvest had began at the usual time there
would be now a considerable portion of this year's grain in
the Market, which may be said to be cow in reserve, just
as if it were stored up in a granary for future con-
sumption. Though the delay of the harvest in conse-
quence of the backward state of the crops in some de-
gree, accounted for the rise in the price of Wheat, the ap-
prehension of a scarcity still more contributed to that re-
sult ; but for the latter we believe there was no better foun-
t dation than the interested fictions of the speculators and
jobbers. A few days more of such sunshine as we had
during the greater part of last week will effectually dis-
sipate all alarm on this vital subject, and afford the country
the strongest assurance of a competent supply of the prime
necessary of life, from native industry and the fertility of
our own fields, without paying away to the Polish serfs of
the Russian despot the gold which enables the English
farmer to pay rent and taxes, and the wages of his labourers.
As to the foreign corn now in bond in this country, it may
possibly be about a week's supply ; but, such as it is, we
understand that the whole or greater part of it has been
sold and resold several times without being taken out of
bond, and we do not wonder that those who bought on the
speculation of a great advance in price are very anxious to
get it off their hands before the British grain comes
into the market. Hence, perhaps, the extraordinary
precipitancy . with which a Court of Common Council was I
convened to discuss the question of opening the ports ;
but that speculation, like the speculation upon a scar-
city, luckily turned out a complete failure. It would
be strangely contradictory indeed of the London Cor-
poration to advocate a free trade in corn, seeing that it
rigorously enforces by heavy penalties the principle of mo-
nopoly within its own jurisdiction, in preventing all but
those who " take up their freedom" from carrying on a
retail trade in the city. The sapient economists who would
strip the British farmers of efficient legislative protection
ought to begin by relieving them from legislative imposts.
If the Corn-laws were blotted from the Statute-bock to-mor-
row, and the Westminster economists had their wish of
converting the wheat fields of England into a waste, only
fit for the erection of cotton factories, this country would
then be reduced to a state of the most miserable depen-
dence upon foreign powers, its rivals or its enemies, for a
supply of food. A scarcity on the Continent, or the with-
holding of foreign supplies of grain, from any cause, would
be followed by absolute fanzine in England, and all its ter-
rible consequences. Against such a national evil the Corn-
laws are our protection. Let them be repealed without
removing the fiscal burdens of the farmer, and at once an
immense proportion of the corn land of this country will be
thrown out of cultivation.—Morning Herald.

It seems likely that the public will be perseveringly
teased during the autumn by the dense stupidity and bab-
bling impertinence of the Corn-law-repealing agitators.
Contemptuously scouted as these selfish chatterers have
been from both Houses of Parliament, they seem to think
that during the prorogation they may succeed by impudent
assertion and unceasing noise in making some impression
upon the ignorant multitude—that multitude which they
hope ultimately to oppress and impoverish more thoroughly
than even Whig Legislation and Government have yet
been able to do. The opponents of the Corn-laws are al-
most universally the harsh, insolent oppressors of the poor.
The tendency of money capital when unrestrained by the
laws is to erect itself into an absolute tyranny over the fate
of those who have nothing but their industry to de-
pend upon, and the enemies of Corn-laws are the money
capitalists. They are not satisfied, because they can-
not bring down the British labourer to the same
level of small wages and poor living as prevail
among Continental labourers, and they know that
the Corn-laws form the great impediment to the dis-
astrous change—disastrous to the British labourer, but
profitable for them. Hence their anxiety to have these
laws repealed. Hence their determination to take advan
tage of every circumstance which may favour their gross
misrepresentations on the subject. Hence their avowed
resolution to concert together and to combine, in order to
work upon the present temper of the people while they
are alarmed by the high price of corn. They bad
better take care lest the alarm of the people should be
turned into indignation against those who have caused the
present high price of corn. The people know very well
that since the Corn-laws have been in full operation they
have had wheat at forty shillings the quarter, and even less
than that. It must be clear to them, therefore, that Corn-
laws merely do not cause the high price. Is there then
scarcity along with the Corn-laws ? Certainly not.
Whatever the result of the harvest may be—and the
prospect we again affirm, as we have affirmed before,
is not gloomy—there is at present no real scarcity.
But jobbing speculators, with the cant of Whig libe-
rality and free-trade philosophy for ever upon their
tongues, may produce an artificial scarcity. They may en.
ploy their capital in getting a command of the food of the
people, and thus enrich themselves by a monstrous mo-
nopoly while they blind the eyes of the silly to their de-
praved extortion, by crying out against the monopoly
which they say is given by the law to the landed interest.
If the landed interest have a monopoly the benefit of it is,
at all events, shared by the whole agricultural body, and
by those who live upon the custom of the landed proprie- •
tors. But the monopoly of the forestalling capitalist is of
a much narrower and more extortionate description. It
gives security and protection to no class. It does not up-
hold either the cottage of the poor man or the permanent
dwelling of the resident proprietor. It goes to pamper
the most dissolute portion of society, who spend their ill-
gotten gains in the most questionable pleasures of our de-
praved cities, and whose wealth is so transferable—so little
connected with country—that it may be, and is, carried
about the world to whatsoever place the pleasures of sense
and the privileges of tyranny may be most con-
veniently enjoyed by " liberal" adventurers. An I
no doubt one great object of those cunning
men who combine to overthrow the Corn-laws, and who
set on dull pedaets and babb'ing sciolists to deafen the
public with clamour concerning the want of "
science," which these crazy creatures say the system of
Corn-laws exhibits, is to make this occasional monopoly a
permanent one. So long as the food of the people is raised
by British farmers, whose habits are formed to bring
their produce gradually to market, and whose stoi•es are
scattered over the whole surface of the kingdom, the capi-
talists cannot commsnd the stock of corn which the people
intrtestooei priceselat. a Theys may
eannot dole it out in such quantity and
TbeY m.iy by a great effort,best suitn d theirat the prospectseiese oft
beef
speraosfiotn
just .
before the harvest affords a fresh supply, produce a
very important temporary effect ; but upon the whole
year even their moneyinsufficient to contend
with the circumstancesowz under which the supply is
afforded. But it would be far otherwise, if the food
of Great Britain depended
foreign countries, and could he
controlled im
olledbp;
the money command in the trading rwt ab tei
eo er f rboanal
seaports of the kingdom.
The capitalists—the money capitalists, whose tender mer-
cies may be estimated from the state in which factory
behave
of a theinss
sceolr.enr-efooadodofgrathspein-country.
labourers, both infants and adults, are found—they would
Whetherthe
that would
mono-
poly than that which is said to be given to theg 13ritish
agriculturists by the Corn Laws, we leave to be judged ot
by experience. Let those who have had dealings with the
landed gentry end the farmers, as well as with the town
capitalists and manufacturers, say in whose • hands they
would rather be placed when in a situation not successfully
to resist extortion. It is no douht easy to delude the
crowd by the vulgar cheat of representing. to them that
as they have more money to pay for bread now than
they would have if bread were as cheap as it is in Poland,
they are. therefore, iyjured by the Corn-laws, which,
under ordinary circumstances, will not suffer the corn
of Poland to he brought here. But such working
people as are old enough to have had twenty years' expe-
rience, and recollection enough to make use of it, will pro-
iy:bly inform their friends in the crowd that " good times,"
and the times of cheap bread, are anything but synony-
mous. They who have read a little, or who can read, may
easily satisfy themselves that in those parts of Europe where
bread is the cheapest, the working people are by much the
most miserable. But it does not require reading or travel-
ling beyond their own experience of their own country to