The Sun.
London, England, 1838-08-28 00:00:00

r'

WITH WHICH
'1 "TRUE SUN " IS NOW

INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 28, 1838.

The Corn-law question is making great progress
in the country, and we are happy to acknowledge
the truth of the Herald's assertion (with one ex-
ception) " that a scheme of agitation is on foot for the
repeal of the Corn-laws, and for the overthrow of
landowners and.farmers—a scheme more comprehen-
sive and profound than has ever been organised in
our day for the attainment of any political object
whatever." We dissent from the assertion that the
scheme contemplates or wishes the overthrow of the
farmers. All the rest of the industrious classes are
well assured that their interest is closely knit with that
of the farmers ; but those who promote the abolition
of the Corn-laws are thoroughly convinced that the
farmers, when not also landowners, are completely
deluded to their own injury and ruin, by the false
pretences of the landlords ; and those who promote
the abolition of the Corn-laws know well that the
abolition of the Corn-laws will serve and save
the farmers, though they du not and will
not hypocritically pretend that they have any
such object in view. They go for right and
justice ; they stand up for freedom and honesty,
they resist wide-spread, low-minded oppression and
plunder disguised under the mantle of law, and though
their determination should carry ruin to the farmers—
as they know its success would make them prosperous
and wealthy—yet woeuld they not lay aside that deter-
mination, nor cease to prosecute it to a successful con-
clusion. On the situation of the farmers the following
observations are appropriate :

"TO THE FARMERS.
" An Address on the Corn-laws. By the Dysart Parish
Anti-Corn-law Association, showing their effect 3 upon the

interests of the Farmer, &c.
" Farmers, Cultivators of the soil, you will no doubt have
observed that the above question has been again brought be-
fore Parliament, and an inquiry into the subject refused. Our
legislators are a packed Jury on this question. The landlords
have artificially created for themselves an overwhelming power
in the Government of this country, and while they profess to
have the good of the country for their object, they have legis-
lated on this point for their own immediate, we will not say,
best interests

" All capitalists and labourers (and farmers are just capi-
talists) are just now suffering from an excess of capital and
people, but all other classes are suffering from the same cause.
There is an excess of farmers seeking farms, of shopkeepers
seeking customers, of manufacturers and merchants, of doc-
tors without patients, clergymen without charges, lawyers
without briefs, of sailors and soldiers, of architects, painters,
and musicians, of tradesmen, and others without employment,
and all uneasy. It' rent bear a proportion to price, the flamer
derives no advantage from high prices. He is merely a capi-
talist,
and his profit depends not so much upon prices as upon
the rent he pays his landlord ; even where leases arc given,
the average of a number of years being taken, the result is
just the same. The effect of the Corn.-law is to make prices
more fluctitatin7, by liriting the market ; and who does not
know that steadiness of prices is, more than any other circum-
stance, essential to the well-being of the farmer ?
" On the other band, while the farmer gains nothing by the
Corn-laws, not only suffers, cr is often rumel by the fluc-
tuation of pvices caused by these hateful statutes—a fluctuation
other ci..epartment of busineis, eNce t that of
unknown in every
.agrieu
• 1,-r.. but he loss; mach also veriousPeommo-
dities which he. has to purchase, and which necessarily keep
pace with that of corn.
" Have these laws ma lc the land
Igo
interest
tt phraosspscurff7rsed?,
By no means. On the contil
nearly so much as that of the frr 'n'Ye'r3 for the last 25 years.
It has been fairly proven that the Coinat a*l:aisn shshort,t,
miss
chievous and delusive in its cleiracter,
hv
calculated to mislead and ruin all who have to do with the
tiado in Corn.
" You, farmers, :;re deluded into giving a h.igb rent for
hod, neon the faith of n promise that is not fulfilled, nor are
mesas tak,•n tILA it should be. The law presses to arse
y‘a era. remuncratiog Frice, but it only tikes oae mcans of tit
-filtieg its promise—namelv, by e!;elu,linc, foreign produce.
It
n) prceautions against abunfllnt liarvr-t.-;, nor does it
.dare even to allow you the full benefit of . bad h::: vest ; it, does
:net prevent Colonial paOtr..c witil a low duty ; i does net pre
vent ag,iculturil krprovernents. All cam.?s,
tate law has no controul, may brinA, in a syreater quartoy
lyo.o have been lcd to expect. It clrs.e.-;ll(:t.biaff, tzulei it coulu

oVe:

limit the quantity effectually. The farmer must stand upon
the brink of ruin so long as he calculates upon steady prices,
while the certain effectof the present regulations is uncertainty
in quantity and unsteadiness of price. The interest of the
farmer is identical with that of all other capitalists. He will
not obtain more than the average rate of profits, and the cer-
tainty of obtaining that is all that he desires."
It is the firm belief, then, of those who are now
zealously and determinedly resolved to put an end to
one of the largest, most iniquitous, and most unholy
schemes of plunder that ever were devised---a scheme
which at once blasts the national prosperity, and, by

entailing almost unnumbered woes on the working
people, tends to root out all confidence in Providence
—that the destruction of this scheme would be as
greatly beneficial to the farmers and agricultural la-
bourers as to every other class of capitalists and work-
men. If they believed otherwise they would be driven
to despair, for then indeed would be realized in their
minds the lying theory of ignorant statesmen, that one
class of industrious men can only thrive at the ex-

pense, the misery, and ruin of some others. As to
the landowners, for our part, we will honestly avow,
that as long as they act on their scheme of limiting the
supply of food to enrich themselves, as long as they tax
our bread to keep up their own vanity—fair splendour,
under the hypocritical pretence of providing for the
public welfare, so long will we undisguisedly labour to
overthrow the landowners if they are, by the abolition
of the Corn-laws, to be overthrown. Now let us add,
that the writer of this has some interest in land wholly
and exclusively devoted to agriculture—that he was
taught in his young days,
.as he shared with no small
pleasure the field sports of the landowners, to look up
to them as amongst the first of men, and that while he
will now fan against them to the utmost of his power,
the hatred which their legislative proceedings so richly
merit, he deeply regrets to know that their peddling, shop-
keeping cupidity has made all intelligent and enlightened
men class the.once noble, free, and high-minded owners
of his fatherland, amongst the most useless and noxious
persons of the community. To overthrow them, and
to overthrow with them that sorrowful system of
never-ending interference with the employments, the
sports, and the amusements--with the beer drink-
ing and skittle playing, with the shooting and
hunting of the rural population, which has driven
all self respect out of the bosoms of the peasantry of
England, and made them really paupers in heart and
mind, as well as in worldly circumstances, can only be
a stimulus to the exertions of those (if such are to be
the results, who now advocate) as the Glasgow Angus
says, the unconditional repeal of the Corn-laws.

We must now direct the attention of cur readers
to an article we have copied from the Morning Herald,
attacking our remarks, and are finite Riding to let that
oo ly:forc our readers fcw comments. We

i i
,
apprehend that our on, ,oernp i orary s n error n sayin,2
._

that there are no Corn-laws in Hindostan. 'We have
a different impression, but not. having the materials at
hand to ascertain its correctness, we will only observe
that Hindostan has a tariff which includes, we believe,
articles of food. But it has in its Zemindar system,
and in the controul exercised by its landowners over
all the functions of administration to which tire
East India Company have become heirs, what is
quite equivalent to our Corn-laws, namely, a Le-
gislative scheme for taxing the food of the neeple
to enrich the landowner. Oar Contemporary is
wrong in saying that there arc no Corn-laws, or
no equivalent in the French Tariff to Corn-laws,
in France. Ireland labours -under the same ma-
lady as England, and the Corn-laws, by shutting
out the corn of other countries, tend to prevent the
labourers cf Ireland from getting food .
We assert, in opposition to our Contemporary, that
the Corn-laws narrow the market for native industry,
and even impede the cultivation of our soil. They
introduce no agricultural improvement ; they do not
interfere with the laws which regulate production, ex-
cept indirectly ; they meddle only with distribution,
being a contrivance to give more of the annual pro-
duce of industry than properly belongs to them, to the
land-owner, and tithe-owner. How taking property
from the industrious capitalist and labourers, and giving
it to the two idle classes of land and tithe-owner.-:, can
promote production, can
.stimulate agricultural enter-
prize, excite agricultural ingenuity, or augment agricul-
tural industry, we are unable to comprehend.
Our Contemporary misrepresents us as saying that
the factory system takes its rise in the Corn-laws. We
never said any thing so absurd. The factory system
was in existence before 1815, the date of the Corn-
laws, and has its origin in very different causes. But
we did affirm that the Corn-laws by rendering food
scarce, and difficult to be procured by the work-
ing classes, force many of the mothers of England to
adopt even false pretences in order to sell the
labour of their children, whom they ought to
be able amply to nourish by their own la-
bours. Not the factory system, but the scanty
wages given to those who live in our manufacturing
towns, and the poverty and destitution of the manu-
facturers, we attributed to the Corn-laws.
Though the effects of famine do not make themselves
so apparent here as in Hindostan, because our people
are much accustomed to conceal distress, yet are the in-
stances we yesterday quoted, together with many others
of the same character, distinct proofs that the masses
here are continually the prey to deficiency of subsist-
, ence, or what we may call an incipient famine. If the
Herald, or any other Journal, says that such a state
has been so general or so universal in society as to be
, natural, then, we reply, let the landowners, not take on
themselves, by enacting Corn-laws, all the responsi-
bility of those tremendous evils. If the misery which
keeps down population be the result of the laws of
Nature, let the landlords not expose themselves, by step-
ping between Nature and the labourer, to all the odium
of causing poverty, disease, want, and famine, and to
the danger of being driven from their homes by an
outraged people. We conclude, by reminding our
Contemporary, that we are not responsible for the
opinions of " the philosophers of our party," but only
for our own.

We have inserted elsewhere a letter signed " HU-
MANITY," on the subject of lunacy, which has been
suggested, we presume, by the case of Mr. PATER-
NOSTER, reported in The Sun of Saturday last. The
observations of the writer are dictated by sound sense
as well as by humanity, and are well worthy of public
attention. The power of immuring a person in a dun-
geon of lunatics is one of a most tremendous descrip-
tion, and cannot possibly be too narrowly watched.
It is much too great to be entrusted to any one indi-
vidual, and in that respect, therefore, we hesitate not
to say, that the law, as it exists at present, is shame-
fully defective. If any person with M.D. tacked to
his name, can deprive a British subject of his liberty,
by simply signing a certificate of lunacy, who is safe,
even under the w? is of our boasted free Constitution ?
How many are there whose interest it is to get lid of
those who stand between them and the sun of fortune,
or whose malevolent feelings may prompt them to carry
vindictive proceedings to the most outrageous length ?
To ail such the way is open to their object, through
the instrumentality of the " Physician's" ipse dixit.

Our Correspondent mentions some cases in which
such crimes have been committed, and punished by
the verdict, of a Jury. In others, the attempt has
irridr: and defeLqcd br thr3 same means; but who
can tell how mrtny unfortunates may have fallen vic-
tims to this ho:ribb syste.a without the means of
kno,,vn to the public? How many
niav ha:e actu lily ly2com.o n.kvi h tI verj process

adopted to prove them so ? What must be the effect
upon those minds most exposed to the aberration of
reason—upon those endowed with extreme sensibility
—upon the delicate—the irritable—what, we ask,
must be produced in such minds by such treatment as
that to which Mr. PATERNOSTER has been sub-
jected ? To be seized by a band of ruffians, hand-
cuffed, and carried off to a living grave, where neither
sight nor sound is seen or heard, but such as speak of
madness; thus hourly bringing home to the mind the
horror of such a situation, and the hopelessness of
escape. Is not this enough to unhinge even a strong
intellect ? Yet if, after such treatment, the heart flut-
ters, the pulse beats quick, or the brain is bewildered,
the infallible " Doctor" pronounces with oracular
solemnity his doom of " insanity I"
Whether Mr. PATERNOSTER be insane'or not we
do not presume to determine ; but of this we are cer-
tain, that no evidence of the fact has as yet been laid
before the public. That his father signed the certifi-
cate which consigned him to a mad-house is nothing
to the purpose, or rather it is a most suspicious cir-
cumstance against the signer ; for it appears that the
father and son had been living on bad terms, and it is
not at all improbable that the former may have bad
good cause to be exasperated against the latter. But
for that very reason he should have been the last
man in the world to put his name to such a cer.
tificate. We have, too, the testimony of the
person in whose house the supposed lunatic has
lodged at intervals for the last five or six years, who
stated that she has seen nothing like madness about
him, though his temper is irritable ; that she would
neither be afraid to trust herself or her daughter with
him at any time, and that in fact he wan " no more mad
than she was." As far therefore as the investigation
at the Police-office on Saturday w ent, we have no
hesitation in saying that, if the three paTties—the mad-
house people, the magistrate, and the presumed lunatic
—are to be judged by the proceedings which then
took place, the latter gave by far the strongest proofs
of sanity.

A Dublin paper, called the Statesman, pays us the
very high compliment of saying that our first leader
of August the 22d is " worthy of a place in Cos-
BETT'S history." As Mr. COBBETT was one of the
most vigorous writers of the day, to have our
humble daily labours so described is, we
conceive, one of the highest compliments which
can be paid to any Journalist. We arc too much
flattered by such a communication, wrung from an
opponent, to point out the errors of ,our Contem-
porary's criticism. We will merely state far his informa-
tion that the writer of the article is not a.t:csuit, either in
or out of disguise, and that has a much
wanner attachment to the genuine pri:iciples of Pro-
testantism than any of those who in its name preach
the doctrines, and practise all the worst: abominations,
of Romanism armed with secular power.. Our hosti-
lity to the Established Church arises tro.in our hatred
of Popery, which it so closely resemblt:s.

We insert to-day a letter from the Rev. THOMAS
BA RC LAY, Minister of Lerwick, in Shetland, to the
Rev. Dr. CItoMBIE, one of the Ser:Tetaries of the
London Committee for the Relief of Destitution in
the Highlands and Islands of Scotlaull, on which we
think it unnecessary to make any comment. Our
columns shall be open to the Doctor's reply.

In the leading article respecting 1:11e Bungay pro-
ceedings, in The Sun of Saturday, ti rcre is a mistake
in the punctuation of a sentence, 't vhich alters the
meaning. Instead of—
" We here fled his Worship figuring a'ff.n interpreter of the
law, an auctioneer, a Tory canvasser, chec7.;-clerk, &c. at
county elections. One Spalt by name, ge is the job of selling
the goods," &c.
By transposing the full point, it wi lI run thus—
"We here find his Worship figuring as an interpreter of
the law. An auctioneer, a Tory canvasses check clerk, &c.,
at county elections, one Spall by name, g ets the job of sell.
ing," &c.
We may add that this SPALL acids to his other
' occupations that of Collector of Chur ch-rates.

The birth of the Count of PAltrs almost exclu-
sively monopolises the columns of the: French Journals
of Sunday. On Saturday the KING xeceived the con-
gratulations of the Diplomatic Body„ the Judges, and
the Municipality of Paris. The add ress of the latter
was read by the Prefect of the Sein .e, at whose ap-
proach the Royal infant was carried in a cradle to the
Hall of Audience, and partially s urrounded by the
several Members of the Royal Famil y. We give the
address, with his MAJESTY'S ansvt rer, and though
more delicacy might have been observ( id by the Repub-
lican Journals, we are not surprisi id to find in them
the Prefect's servile allusion to the Sword of Louis
PHILIPPE, made the subject of son ie -very bitter sar-
casms. The Municipality of Paris presented the son
of NAPOLEON with a cradle, and 112:d they, instead of
a sword, provided a rattle for the gr arrdson of Louis
PHILIPPE, they would have evinced: a more extensive
acquaintance with the wants and the: ?necessary amuse-
ments of babyhood :
" Sire,—The city of Paris saw your bi rtls. It was the first
to hail and proclaim your royalty. It cc woes to-day, through
the organ of its Municipal Magistrates, t D congratulate your
Majesty on an event which gives France a new pledge of sta-
bility for your dynasty, and security for t lie country.
" The Municipal Corps of Paris, Sire„ has to render you its
thanks, for having yourself announced to it this happy news. It
is profoundly touched and grateful for th is. It is no less so
for the sentiment, Sire, which has inspire td your Majesty in the
choice of the title of the Count of Paris, which you have given
to the first-born of your eldest son. To this title belong glo-
rious recollections for this city. It is sf good omen to the
Prince who bears it. It is a tie more be tween him and us.
" As soon as the news was known at t he Hotel de Ville, the
Municipal Council met. It has voted l nslalic rejoicings, and
the gift of a sword to the Count of Paris.. This sword, in the
opinion of the Municipal Corps, should :neither recall that of
Charlemagne, or that of Napoleon. To the spirit of conquest
has succeeded' that of order and liberty, which your reign causes
to be loved and esteemed. Permit us to say, Sire, it is a
sword similar to the one of Louis Philippe which we bring to
his grandson, which only starts from its scabbard for the de-
fence of our territory and institution s—the sword of the
Prince, who knows, at the same time, bow to make himself
respected by Europe, and to consolidate in France the reign
of liberty under the laws.
" Sire, the city of Paris rejoices for Welt' and for France ;
but it also experiences a lively joy in thi eking of the happiness
this new gift of Providence brings to your august house. It
sympathises with the emotions of the young Princess, whom it
last year welcomed with transports ; of that Prince Royal,
whose noble and brilliant qualities it so well appreciates; of
that Queen whom we all love and admire, but whom mothers
alone may well understand. It sympathises, Sire, with your
heart of Father and King. Accept these congratulations and
desires, and that the whole world may know how the city of
Paris is happy at that which makes you so, which consolidates
the institutions of France, and the dynasty to which she has
entrusted her destinies."

The King replied—
. I am sensibly touched by the sentiments which the city of
Paris evinces for me on this event, and of which you arc the
worthy organ. It is very sweet to me to present to the city
of Paris the first-born of my children, in a direct line, the
eldest son of him who is called upon after me to ans..vcr to
the wishes of the nation, and to ensure their accomplishment.
I delight to see more and more consolidated, the choice
and France preserved from the dangers inseparable
of the throne by that race of heirs which Pro-
fovrirodineinc3aell'gvraftnscyine, and which ensures at the same time the
trznsmisson of the throne, the maintenance of our laws, of our
liberties, and the continuance of that repose and that security
so necessary to the happiness of the nation. For myself I have
a peculiar satisfaction m giving my grandson the title of Count
of Paris. Child of Paris, like myself, he will enjoy the advan-
tarre of bearing a title which attaches to our native city, in the
midst of which I have been educated, as he shall be ; a title
which shows all my affection for the city of Paris, and how I
appreciate the generous efforts it has ina:le at all tilics to de-
fend public liberty. It is the patriotism of which it has given
so ma iv nroofi to France—it is the devotion it has shown un-
' Viva le Rui.') I
d,r the most difficult circurnstanc:.s—it is, in a word, the con-
raercous support I have always found in it, which ha, strength-
ened the confidence in the stabiiity.of my race, by founding it
i:i ti! dcfenc 1 and maintenance of our institutions.—( Here
yb-oyu ca'niensouonfce for my
g
I 113 PC to e-ords w ith which you have aecinpanied it will
iii;lil n
kM .3:, j.
,Lt,s, t ~f,o‘ry at
the
e interruptedg i
ft‘v,l
1),.? Crigre,n,„n my memory ; that this sword will be in his
randson.
,iands a guarantee of peace
.1 and that, always rtaly to em-
-1,.)y it to piCZCryO °Or natiqual honour from every attack,

and our territory from invasion, it may never quit its scab-
bard but for good, and that if it does it will be always to
hasten the term of the evils of war, and to make France
enjoy the gentlest and best of conquests—the conquest of
peace."—(More applause.)
When the KING had concluded, the QUEEN took
the infant Prince in her arms, and presented him to
the Deputation. The Prefect next congratulated the
Duke of ORLEANS upon the birth of the Prince, to
which congratulation his Royal Highness made the fol-
lowing reply:—
" I am happy to add my sentiments to those just expressed
by the King. I assure you that my son shall be brought up,
not as children were formerly, but according to the notions
and manners of our times. I shall see that he early learns
that the affections of the French are to be won by merit, talent,
courage, in short, by virtue. I shall endeavour to render him
worthy of his countrymen, and of you who daily set such a
good and useful example to this great city."
We are rejoiced to learn from the papers of Sunday
that the Duchess of ORLEANS manifests every symp-
tom of a speedy recovery. For a few minutes on
Friday night the physicians were alarmed, but the
danger appears to have been transient.
The following extract from a letter from the fron-
tiers of Saxony, dated the 16th instant, is copied from
the Courrier Francais—a Journal which has recently
adopted the politics of the Government :
" It is not only at Posen that the authorities talk of conspi-
racies, and cause arrests. This policy of terror is also em-
ployed in Poland on a large scale. The very merciful Auto-
crat has had 400 young men of the first families arrested, of
whom the eldest is not nineteen, and amongst whom are chil-
dren of from 15 to 16. They accuse them of conspiracy, but
there is nothing in it. The Poles know too well that success
is impossible and punishment certain whilst Europe remains
indifferent to their sufferings. Terror in that unhappy coun-
try freezes up even the thoughts. Do not then believe in
these plots, which the German Papers in the pay of Russia
spread. The Emperor wants these to be believed, to give an
appearance of justice to this frightful system of transporta-
tion. Every year he regularly diminishes the Polish youth by
sending them to war in the Caucasus, or to die of cold and
hunger in Siberia. He would only leave in Poland old men
and children; the citadels he has built at the gates of War-
saw do not inspire him with confidence."
The following are extracts from the French Journals :
A horrible accident lately took place at Hall, in the Tyrol.
It was on the 18th. Numbers of the Tyrolese, going to Inn-
spruck, passed the night in a large building undergoing repa-
ration, and propped up for the moment. For the sake of room
some imprudent persons removed one or two of the props, and
the consequence was the falling in of the building, by which
21 persons were killed and a great number wounded.
Our correspondent at Toulon tells us that assassinations are
increasing in a frightful manner in the North of Africa :
" On the 25th July there were found in the environs of Oran,
the dead bodies of seven Jews, who had been beheaded.
These unfortunate persons were coming from the tribe of
Oriated Ali, with goods, which were stolen. The mules were
found with their hamstrings cut."
Abd-el-Kader had not returned from his expedition to the
south, and his partisans were uneasy on his account. It is
said, however, that the Emir has succeeded in undermining
the walls of Ain Maids, but the tribes which are hostile to
him have intercepted the communications, so that no official
news of the expedition had been received for a long time at
Tekerierept —Le Constitutionitel.
Accounts from Oran say that news very unfavourable to
Abd-el-Kadcr had keen received flere. Some say that he
has been obliged to raise the seine or blockade of Ain-Maide
after considerable losses of both men and material. Others
say that Abd-el-Keder has succeeded in capturing one of the
chiefs of the Tuaruks, and his family, whom he detains as
hostages, notwithstanding which he had been obliged to aban-
don his enterprise in conseqnence of the great desertion that
has taken place in his army, and of the resistance of the Arabs
of the Desert whom he had expected to be able to gain to his
party. Whatever truth there may be in these accounts, it is
certain that the expedition against Ain-Maide has not yet suc-
ceeded, and that the credit of Abd-t1 Keeler is already visibly
impaired by it. Sinse his absence the Arabs communicate
with our towns and ports, carry on trade, and an intercourse
has since been established between Tlernecen and Oran which
wall be advantageous if it continues. Several small consign-
moats of goods of French manufacture have been sent to Tle-
mecen.—Le Commerce.
HANOVER. Ace. 23.—His Majesty the King arrived here
at three o'clock this afternoon in excellent health, returning
'rom Neutrelitz by way of Magdeburg.—Hanover Gazette.

The Madrid Journals of the 19th inst. represent the
Government as greatly distressed for want of money.
The Ministers were prepared to mortgage the revenues
of the country at any sacrifice, to meet the more urgent
of the demands made upon them ; but even on the
most ruinous conditions they could only obtain bills
payable in instalments, wholly inadequate to supply
the wants of the army. They had, however, the good
fortune to obtain from the present army contractors a
fresh contract for the supply of the army for four
months longer, whether the money be or be not

forthcoming.

MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY (THIS DAY), TWELVE O'CLOCK.
This being settling day in the English Market, the chief
business doing is settling their accounts, and the extreme
fluctuations in Consols during the Account has been about
to per cent.