The Sun.
London, England, 1838-02-26 00:00:00

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HIGH WATER AT LONDON ERID6E TO-MORROW,
Moning 6 minutes after 4 I Evening !4 minutes after 4

The publication of Tux SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this day
at 30 minutes past Three ot Clock.

WITH WHICH
" THE TRUE SUN" IS NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 26, 1833.

Our readers will find in another place a ♦ery useful ar-
ticle on the Coal Trade, which sets in a striking light the
disadvantages of the present system. About 19 or 20 fac-
tors divide amongst them annually upwards of 400,0001.
But the tax they levy on the community is of far less injury
than their means of doing it, by which they compel the
whole of the colliers to be idle, on an average, more
than the half their time, and waste the public wealth
and the public resources to the extent of at least 500,0001.
per year. This is pure loss, for the money might as well
be thrown into the sea as employed to pay to ships rotting
in inactivity, and for seamen kept in unwilling idleness.
Nature has bestowed on us most bounteously, in our
vast mineral wealth, and in the great industry and
ingenuity of our people the means of providing for the health
and happiness of all ; and her bounties are kept from the
great mass by a system which wastes the public wealth to
enrich a few individuals. About 260,000 householders in
the metropolis and in its environs of the poorer classes, and
►bout 40,000 of the more opulent classes, with manufac-
turers of various kinds, are all taxed alike—the poor being
deprived of necessaries, and the opulent of comforts, to
sustain this system. How long the patience of the people
will tolerate it, we cannot foresee; but they ought to
deluge the Committee, now sitting to investigate the sub-
ject, with petitions. We applaud highly every exertion of
of our patriots to lessen the burdens of the people, but we
doubt whether any one of the taxes levied on the public to
keep up an unnecessary army, or to pay the pensions of
profligate courtiers, ever inflicted half as much misery
on the community as the tax levied on our fuel
by the combination and monopoly of the factors, and levied
in spite of the authority of Parliament. Not to be taxed
er,Aout his own consent is the privilege of every freeman;
but' we allow coal-factors and cool-owners to do that which
we would 14y down our lives to resist if attempted by the
Monarth on his Throne.

Lord JOHN RUSSELL announces in a letter to Mr.
Alderman VFNABLES, the Chairman of the City Police
Committee, that it is the intention of the Goveinmcnt to
p:opose a measure for placing the City Police under the
Commissioners of the Metropolitan Police. This must be
g‘od news to all but those City functionaries who prefer
patronage to good police—their hangers-on, who expect, and
0,7,-ov get, appointments for which they are totally unfit,
at tiu, expense of the inhabitants ; and those gentlemen
who eili,n a prescriptive right. to refuge within the ancient
walls when chased by the myrmidons of Colonel ROWAN.
vn:ether Whig or Tory, have shown great defe-
rence to the G.' y authorities, and in that spirit when the
Metropolitan Police was established, though there was
every reason for placing. the police of London on a
uniform footing, Sir RoBER'r PEEL yielded to the
xesnonstrances of the parties interested, and allowed
ti,eln to regulate their own police. The experiment
has vow been tried for nearly ten years, and the re-
sult has only proved that the objections to a separate estab-
lishment are stronger than ever. The first great inconve-
niency aria's from the anomaly of allowing a system of
police to exiot in the heart of the metropolis, not only totally
unconnected with the police of the surrounding districts,
but the different parts of the same unconnected with each
other. There are, in fact, twenty-six different Boards of
; the watchmen under these Boards are confined to
the ;r own wards, and such are their high notions of indivi-
duality that instances are known where robberies have been
comrnftt ed, and the watchman would not cross the street to do
what wats.neeessary, because it was out of his ward. From
the defective mode of appointment, too, the present
City police are extremely inefficient. According to evi-
dence given before the Committee of last Session, they are
incomparably inferior to the Metropolitan police. One
witness stated that the Metropolitan police is, fifty to one,
the best ; another stated that there are periods of the day
ornight when, for an hour and a half, there are no men on
duty at all : and it was added that many of the old police
are still employed, and that the one half of these have re-
ceived more money from the old thieves they suffered to
remain, .than they have for their services from the public. In
addition to these facts, the cost of the City police
is nearly double the cost of the Metropolitan Police, and
according to an estimate of the Metropolitan Commis-
sioners, a saving of about 14,000/. a-year might be effected
by the proposed consolidation. The necessity for doing
away with the nuisance, indeed, is so obvious, that we
doubt if even the Court of Aldermen will venture seriously
to oppose it.

Ti se Half-yearly General Meeting of the Shareholders
of the. Northern and Central Bank of England was held at
Martel ,ester on Thursday last. A statement of the affairs
of the concern made up to the 30th December last was
laid be fore the Meeting by the Directors, from which
it apiwars that the outstanding liabilities amount to
354,1:7t.d. 9s. Id., and the estimated value of the assets to
811,:1.56/. Bs. 11d. The total ultimate loss will, it
is c omputed, be about 312,017/. Os. 3d. ; the loss
already sustained is about four pounds per share. Great
and just blame was attributed to the former Directors for
their incautious advances, as well as for the abuse of their
trust, .in speculating with the money of the Shareholders.
A elm ge was even brought against one of these gentlemen,
that he had availed himself of the " parson's plea," in
order to evade the payment of the debt which he owed to
the Bank. The Act; of Parliament just passed for the
purpose .of legalizing the construction of the Company,
which, it seems, had been put without the pale of the law,
by having parsons among its shareholders, renders such a
plea. null and void ; but if there be among the
late Directors, a man capable of urging such a plea, we
ought not to wonder at the fate which has befallen this
Bank:

The whole of the debt to the Bank of England has been paid
off, and 30,000/. of that due to the London and Westminster.
A resort ttion was unanimously passed, stating " that, in the
opinion ,of this meeting, the various profits realized by
such of the Directoe's as sold and trafficked in shares,
having been so realized out of do funds and property of
the proprietors, taken without their knowledge or consent,
and applied by the said Directors to their own use,
with the silver plate obtained under false 27,-e-
-tentes, ought to be refunded forthwith." Woulc,l
it no•t be advisable after this to change the name of the
Corn pang, should the meeting of the Sharehohlers, which is
to take place at an early day, for the purpose of determin-
ing wl tether the Bank shall resume business or not, decide
in the .affirmative?

By tile Yew York packet-ship Mediator, which arrived
yesterday at Portsmouth, we have received New York
Papers of the Ist inst. inclusive. They bring advises
from Lower Canada to the 23d, and from the Upper Pro-
vince to the 17th ult. The rebellion appears to be at an
end, as the remnant of the Navy Island insurgents have
beer, driven from Bois Blanc and Sugar Island, after losing
all t weir arms and stores. When Governor MasoN landed
on S ugar Island, in order to apprise the rebels that-. if they
(lid not quit the United States territory, or peace ably lay
&ma their arms, force would be employed agains t them,
lie foural that the puissant host that had undert: iken to
brave. Ile Power of England did not exceed 1.50 1 nen, o!
whoa t two-thirds were noted vagabonds from the States.
They lad the good sense to see that resistance wi rald be
'hope:ea s ; so, after being conveyed to the main lan lc', they
dispersed in various directions. To guard against • :he an_
noyance o f another hornet's nest, Sir FRANCIS )3osn

HEAD, after examining Navy Island, has given orders for
its occupancy by a military force.
There is no news of any interest from Lower Canada.
There the Loyalists have all their own way, and if not re-
strained by the Government, seem determined to wreck
their revenge upon the suspected. The Tories are openly
crying out for blood and confication, to sate their revenge,
and gratify the avarice of the Ultra Loyalists. We sin-
cerely trust that the Government will express its horror
of such detestable sentiments, and that it will mark, as
objects of obloquy, those who give utterance to them.
The fiends who thus avow their thirst for blood were not
loyal from fidelity to the Queen, or attachment to Great
Britain ; they were guided by their evil passions—by their
cruelty and their avarice—to oppose the visionary schemes
of the deluded victims of PAPINEAU'S machinations. The
knowledge of the designs of the Tories should hasten the
departure of Lord DURHAM, whose presence is necessary
to assure the peaceable habitans of protection. The Noble
Earl must know too much of the colonial adventures of
Colonel ARTHUR, to trust to that Gallant Governor's ad-
ministration of any portion of the power vested in his
Lordship by the Canada Pacification Bill.

The whole of the Paris Journals of Friday and Saturday
have been received. Their contents are of no political in-
terest. On Friday a rumour prevailed on the Bourse
that Don CARLOS was taken prisoner, but it was not gene_
rally credited. It was likewise reported on Saturday that
Queen VICTORIA had invited the Dukes of ORLEANS and
NEMOURS to be present at her MAJESTY'S Coronation ;
but that only the Duke of NEMOURS would come to Lon-
don on that occasion.

In the Chambers no discussions of any interest took
place on Friday or Saturday. The Ministers have ob-
tained a majority of their friends in the Committee for
examining the grant for secret service.
The Diario di Rama of the 13th, announces that at a Con
sistory held by the POPE on a previous day, his Holiness
raised to the rank of Cardinals the following Bishops and
Archbishops :—MAID, Secretary of the Propaganda ; MEL-
Lim, Archbishop of Ravenna ; Ottior..r, Bishop of Or-
vieto ; MEZZOFANTI, Librarian of the Vatican ; CIACCHI,
Governor of Rome ; LicoLfm, Minister of War ; and four
others, whom the POPE declined naming for the present.
It is confidently asserted that the Archbishop of COLOGNE
is one of the four, and that he has been raised to the dig-
nity of Cardinal, to mark the Holy See's approbation of
his conduct in the dispute with Prussia. The following
are extracts from the Journals :

The Universal Gazette of Berne, a Journal of the Swiss
Aristocracy, and consequently initiated into all the secrets of
diplomacy, says that our Ambassador, the Duke of Monte-
bello, is extremely desirous to have the resolution of the
Congress of Vienna applied to Prince Louis (son of Queen
Hortensia), which prohibits the members of the family of Na-
poleon from residing in Italy (except in the Roman States),
Belgium, and Switzerland. It is further announced that the
Diplomatic notes on this subject will be shortly presented ; and
that those of the other powers will be added to that of the
French Government.

The Messager has a letter from Bayonne of the 18th, which
says that " Two mercantile houses in that city, connected
with the Pretender, have received notice from their correspon-
dents at Paris, to have three millions of francs at the disposal
of Don Caries, which will be very seasonable to pay for the
clothing and equipments which have been furnished, chiefly
for Basilia's expedition."
The same Journal says, we are assured that a Courier has
arrived from Bayonne this morning, with the news of a san-
guinary battle on the Banks of the Ebro, in which the Queen's
troops, under the Conde de Luchana, were defeated with the
loss of one thousand men, and obliged to quit the field in the
greatest disorder.
The Bayonne Journals of the 20th say nothing of such a
defeat, but speaks of an advantage gained by Espartero.
Neither the Gazette de France ❑or the Ministerial Evening
Journals speak of the affair ; so that we may hope that the
Measager is ill informed.—Commerce, Feb.- 24.

EIIENC:H 1, NDs —Pa RP.. FEW 21.
Five per (*en tg.. 109 f. 110 c. 110 f. 109 f. 93c, 10c.
Four and a Half ner Cents. lin..
Four per Cents., v:v.
l'hre t :ser Centr 79f. t,3c.
Bank Actions, 2,6 71. POc. 2,63 if.
itente oe Naples, 99f. 15c. I+9f:
Roman Five ia,!r Cents.. 101 M.
Spanish Passives, 4% 4
Belgian Loan, 10114.
Belgian Bank, 1,515 f. 1,517 f. 30c.
Dutch Twu and a Half per Cents., 34.
MICHANCIL 05 1.05005.
One month, paper, —f. —c z money, 25:. 30c
Three months, paper. 251. nsc.; money, 251. 35c.
LAST PRICES.
Five per Cents. 109 f. 90c.
Three per Cents. 79f. SO.
Bank Actions, 2,0551.
Romans 10i 7<,
Belgian Romans,
1044.
Belgian Bank, 1,5171;r0c.
Spanish Passives, 4.

Brussels and German Journals, with advices from Con-
stantinople of the 25th ultimo, have reached us this morn-
ing. The Belgian Chambers are busied with discussing
the Jury Laws, which are yet regarded as very imperfect
by continental jurists. The Porte is engaged in the pro-
secution of new reforms in the army and navy, and in
making every effort of which it is capable, to settle all
differences with the Egyptian Viceroy.

BELGIAN t UNDS—Baussno, FEB. 24.
Actual Debt, `2!,i per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent....... ...... .
Loan of Thirty Millions 93%
Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent O9
Society of Commerce, 4 k.; per Cent 149
Bank of Belgium, a per Cent I47U
National Society .
—Brussels Papers, Feb. 24.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Vmmt, FEB. 16.
Five per Cents. Metalliques
Foar per Ceuta.
Three per Cents.
Bank Shares 1440
—4llgemeitie Zostung, Feb. 21.

Letters and Papers from Madrid to the 17th inst. have
been received. Their contents are any thing but satis-
factory. The Cortes, instead of endeavouring to savo
their country, disgust the nation by their acrimonious
squabbles. Rumours of the disorganized and distracted
state of the Provinces were in the mouth of every body,
but no efficacious remedy was expected from the delibera-
tions, or rather altercations, of the Deputies. The house
of ROTHSCHILD was said to have signed a contract for
twenty millions of reals, of which it appears a considerable
share has already been advanced. No doubt the whole
affair is as gross a job as. the Almaden Mines contract ;
and if so, the nation will not be a fraction the better for it.
The whole system of the Government is one of violence,
fraud, and mystification.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

CAMBRIDOS, FEB. 24.

BELL'S SCHOLARSHIP.—The Vice-Chancellor has given no-
tice that an election of Two Scholars upon this foundation
will take place on Friday, the 30th of March next.
At a congregation on Monday last the following graces
passed the Senate :
To petition the two Houses of Parliament in favour of the
Bill for continuing the Bishopric of Sodor and Man.
To authorize the Vice-Chancellor to take such steps as
the University Council may deem proper, for obtaining
from Mr. Charles Baldwin, as the surety of Messrs. Baldwin
and Cradock, the amount of the debt due from them to the
Pitt Press.

We are informed that the Undergraduate into whose lodg-
ings a female had introduced herself in male attire, as stated
in our police report last Saturday, was, after in investigation
by the College authorities, summarily dimissed from the
University.
The Rev. John Gilbert, M. A., was last week instituted to
the vicarage of Claxton, Norfolk, on the presentation of Sir
Charles Henry Rich, Bart.
The Rev. Francis Jeune, D. C. L., Head Master of King
Edward's School, Birmingham, has been appointed to the
deanery of Jersey, with the rectory of St. Helier, in that
island.

The Rev. H. B. Newman, Fellow of Wadham College,
Oxford, has been presented, by the Warden and Fellows of
that society, to the rectory of Little Bromley, Essex.
The Queen has been pleased to present the Rev. Charles
Lucas Reay, B. A., late of Gosberton, Lincolnshire, to the
vicarage Swambourne, Bucks, vacant by the death of the Rev.
William Wodley.

The Rev. William Matthews Pierce, M. A., has been pre-
sented to the rectory of Moorby, Lincolnshire, by the Hon.
.and Right Rev. Hugh, Lord Bishop of Carlisle.

Yesterday afternoon, about four o'clock, a fatal acci-
dent happened on the rotten ice near the centre of the water
in St. Jaroes'a Park. It appear?, that a gentleman who was
the
passing at
time threw his stick on the ice and told some
lads who were near that whoever got it should have it. The
temptation was unfortunately too strong:for two lads who were
on the spot, and one of the of the name of Harris, residing
at Ebury-row, Pimlico, raft rs,n the ice and was followed by
another lad ; in the struggle to get the stick the ice gave way,
and they fell into the water, which is there about eight feet
deep. The poor fellows struggled for some time, but no as-
sistance could be rendered them, as the Royal Humane So-
ciety had withdrawn all their met. After an interval of
nearly half an hour one of the ice teats was brought to the
spot, and the policemen on duty and one of the park-keen,ers
succeeded in getting the bodies, but life was quite extinct.
They were taken to the Westminster Hospital, and afterwarc's
to the work Louse, where they await the Coroner's inquest.
They were fine lads, about ten or eleven years of age. Both
bodies have been owned, but the name of one has- not been
ascertained. The conduct of the gentleman, to say the least
of it, was thoughtless and unfeeling in the extreme. It is
somewhat surprising, too, and was the subject of general re-
mark, that the Royal Humane Society should have removed
their men at a time when their services would have been
essentially useful. A great concourse of spectators was col-
lected on the banks.

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1838.

COAL MONOPOLY IN THE PORT

OF LONDON.

"
The result, therefore, is, that at present the factors of
London are combined avowedly to limit the supply of coals to
the London market, so as to raise the price to the consumtr
higher than a free trade would ;command, without profit for
the coal-owners ; and also to force on the market a larger pro-
portion of inferior coals, at prices which could not be main-
tained otherwise than by such combination."--Evidence before
the Committee in the year 1836.

The importance of the consumption of coals is increasing
every day ; and though the Legislature has made some feeble
efforts to break the fetters which prevent that powerful agent
of health and manufacturing industry from coming freely to
the hand of the large populations of our towns, whose wealth
it doubles and whose existence it improves, those efforts have
been rendered vain by the unprincipled combination of indivi-
duals.

Some men, whose names we suppress lest we should
expose them to public hatred, have audaciously placed them-
selves between those who extract coals from the pits and the
consumers, and levy on both, an annual tax of more than
400,0001. sterling, on a consumption amounting to 2,544,000
tons of coals. Some public Magistrates, in the exercise of
their administrative functions, have publicly protected and le-
galized this mischievous proceeding.

Coal, of the first quality, costs at the moment of putting it
on board the Colliers in the Tyne per ton 9s. 4id.

Freight to London B3. Od.
Unloading and Meterage ls. lid,

Total 18s. sid.
The sum charged for freight, however, as will be seen be-
fore we have finished, is much increased by the inactivity to
which the monopolists condemn the Colliers.

CITY OF LONDON TAVERN.

We shall now explain the causes which compel the inha-
bitants of the metropolis to pay from 303. to 40s. a ton for
their coals.

(THIS DAY.)

During the last four years the importation of coals into
London, and the increased consumption, has been as follows :
No. of ships. Tons. Increase, tons.
In 1833 7,077 2,010,409
1834 7,404 2,078,685 68,276
1835 7 958 2,298,812 220,127
1836 8,162 2,398,352 99,540
1837

A numerous meeting of the merchants of London, amongst whom
were Messrs. J. W. Buckle, J. Irving, George Lyall, J. J. Capper, J. G.
Robinson, J. N. Innes, J. Nesbitt, B. Greene, Bell, Hart, Haes, Bumes-
ter, Prescott, and Turner, was held here to-day, at one o'clock, pursuers t
to a pubilc advertisement.

Mr. Alderman COPELAND, M. P., in the Chair.
On taking the chair the worthy Alderman said he appeared before
them in a mere ministerial character, as the Alderman of the ward.
Considering the great importance of the subject, and the number
of signatures which had been put to the petition which had been
presented to the Gresham Committee, he was astonished at the apathy
of the merchants of London. He trusted that they would exert them-
selves in such a manner, not only with the Gresham Committee, but
with the Corporation, in order to obtain such a Royal Exchange as
would be worthy of the City of London, and was now necessary for the
vastly increased commerce of the City.—(Cheers.) He trusted they
would be earnest in the matter, for he believed there was a project on
foot for building the Exchange upon its present confined site, which
would totally spoil the intentions of the great body of the merchants.
Mr. J. S. CAPPER moved the first resolution as follows:—
l. Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting, that the assem-
blage of the merchants, traders, dre., which now takes place daily at
Guildhall, should be removed to the Quadrangle of the Excise-office,
with as little delay as possible.
fn doing so he begged to state that the Government had in the most
handsome manner at once acceded to the application for the Quad.
rangle of the Excise Office. Every one then present was well aware
of the great convenience of the site for the purposes of an Exchange
as compared with the Guildhall. He would not detain them longer, as
he believed that the proposition had not met with opposition from even
one merchant.

The motion was seconded by Mr. BURMISTrit, and was carried
unanimously.

Mr. NESBIrr explained that the Meeting would have been very nu-
merously attended, only that those wit() had signed the petition to the
Gresham Committee, thought that they had given sufficient evidence of
their feeling upon the matter.
Mr. LYALL said, had he seen the petition, he would have signed it at
once, because he was perfectly aware that the Excise Office was the
best situation for the Merchants of London, until they had obtained a
New Exchange. It was with much pleasure he moved the Resolution
which bad been put into his hands.
2d. That a respectful intimation of th• above resolution be given to
the Gresham Committee, with a request that they will arrange that it
shall be carried into effeet on Monday the sth of March next.
Mr. BUCKLE cordially seconded the resolution. No one who had
business to attend to but was well aware of the great inconvenience of
the present site. They were also bound to consider that in a very short
time the Guildhall would be frequently required for corporation pur-
poses, which would be a source of incalculable inconvenience to Mer-
chants.

The resolution was then passed netn. con.
Mr. ROBINSON mowed the thirst resolution, as follows:

3. That the thanks of this meeting, and of the merchants, traders,
&c., are due to, and are hereby given to the Lord Mayor, and Corpora-
tion of the City, for the permission which was so readily and obligingly
granted to them to meet at Guildhall after the disastrous fire at the
Royal Exchange.

He did so much pleasure, as every merchant in London wag cer-
tainly much obliged for the liberality of the Corporation.
Mr. FAvENCE seconded the resolution, which, like the others, was
passed unanimously.

Totals 11,330,258 533,591

The total quantity of coals imported into London for the
five years, sold at 235. per ton, the average price amounts to
13,029,8061., which is distributed as follows:
The expence of putting the coals into the ships,
which is divided amongst the coal-owners
and colliers, is £5,287,453
Freight, which pays the ship's owners, seamen's
wagzs, &c.
Expense of unloading, whippers, barge-owners,
meters, &c.
The Corporation of London levied
FACTORS FOIL THEIR MONOPOLY

Mr. POWELL thought they were especially indebted to the Lord
Mayor for putting down the Bell nuisance.—(Laughter.) They were
not now so annoyed the moment it struck half.past three as they for.
merly were.

Thanks were then voted to the Chairman, and the resolutions ordered
to be published, when the meeting broke up.

ELECTION COMMITTEES.
(THIS DAY.)

YOUGHA L.
The Committee met at eleven o'clock, when a discussion took place as
to permitting witnesses to remain in the room during the examination
of others. It being decided that only official witnesses should be allowed,
Mr. Harrison applied for leave to retain in the room a Mr. Markham,
who was the agent of the sitting Member in Youghal, and whose assis-
tance would be constantly required by Cpunsel during the examination
of witnesses, as he was the only agent they had who was acquainted with
the borough. After much discussion, Mr. Markham was allowed to
remain, except during the investigation of any case in which he was to
be called as a witness.

Total XI 3,029,80 G

Besides this sum the factors receive 3d. per ton more than
the 235. mentioned as the average price, making 141,6231.
and making their whole gains amount to 2,159,639/.
About 260,000 householders of London purchase
their coals in small quantities of 251bs. 501bs.
or 1001bs., and have paid from to 40s. per
ton, making on the average of 365.
About 40,000 householders, and public establish-
ments, purchase their coals in tons or larger
quantities, and they hare paid from 30s. to
365. per ton, makini; on an average of 30s.

Mr. HARRISON then applied for the adjournment of this Committee,
in consequence of the non.arrival of his witnesses from Youghal, the
delay bning occasioned by the late heavy fall of snow in the south of
Ireland, which rendered the roads in that part almost impassible.
Mr. Pottocx consented to the adjournment, on payment of the costs
of the day.
The Hon. A. A. COWPER, a Member of the Committee, asked How
much will you give us ? Are we to be paid for our loss of time
(A laugh.)
The agreement for the costs of the day having been drawn up, and
the order for the payment (upon taxation) being signed by the Chair-
man, the Committee adjourned to eleven o'clock to.morrow.

10,197,223

per ton
Making together, a sum of
paid by the consumers in five years for 11,330,258 tons
of coals, which cost to king them to the Thames less than
11,000,0001

The agents of the monopoly, however, the factors only, have
levied on the population of London, during the last five years,
the enormous sum of
Two MILLIONS, ONE HUNDRED ♦ND FIFTY-NINE THOU-
SAND, SIX HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINE POUNDS STERLING.
Thus the colliers, who descend into the bowels of the earth,
and expose themselves to those dangers w5-.leh every hour
threaten their lives, to gain a wretched subsistence, and the
sailors, who brave all the storms of our coasts, and all the
dangers of shipwreck, to gain a subsistence not more abundant
than that of the colliers, are only the instruments for
supplying food for these rapacious monopolists. If any
accident happen :to the colliers (and our readers know
they are subject to numerous accidents) they and their fami-
lies must be provided for by the coal owners. If, too, any
captain of a Collier wishes to throw off the odious yoke of this
tyranny, like Captain Thompson of the brig Eliza, which was
proved before the Committee of the House of Commons on
the 21st instant, he is regarded by the whole body of the
coal owners like a person infected with the plague, and
by the official and avowed command of the factors, all the
collieries are shut against him, and not one single cargo of
coals is he allowed to have. This is done, too, in the teeth of
an Act of Parliament called the Turn Act, which levies a fine
of lob/. on the owner of every mine which refuses to load a
vessel in its proper turn.

About 260,000 houses in the metropolis are the unhealthy
abodes of a dense population, for which 20 lbs. of Coal at least
arc necessory per day, for every inhabited room, whether it be
for cooking, or for purifying the air, loaded with moisture, and
with deleterious gases, at a period when the inclemency of the
weather will not allow a window to be opened, to obtain a free
circulation.

Brewers, Distillers, Gas Companies, Manufacturers in general,
hotel and tavern keepers, bakers, asylums, hospitals, prisons,
barracks, and about 40,000 housekeepers in easy and opulent
circumstances, as well as the working population, pay
their part of this tribute, which is equally levied upon the
rich as on the poor, whose lives it embitters, and whose houses
it renders insalubrious.

The Legislature passed an Act in vain, in the last Session, to
authorise a Company to form a dock for unloading colliers,
in which, guarded against every accident, they could easily
and speedily have been unloaded, returning immediately for
a fresh cargo. The salutary measure would put an end
to the factors and their monopoly, and therefore it has not
been successful. The Collier Dock at Rotherhitho is still in
the same state as it was in the month of July, 1837.

Let us now see the effects of the monopoly of the factors
on the expense of a brig of 350 tons, or 220 registered tons.
A brig of this size is navigated at the expense of about 11b/.
her voyage. Each voyage is completed on the average in
thirty-three days, or the vessel makes eleven voyages in the
year. Her time is thus occupied :

Days.
1. To go to the colliery requires 4
2. To return
3. To unload 5
4. Waiting for the good pleasure of the Factors
and speculators of London and Newcastle,
and lying in inactivity
Total.--
At 3/. 10s. per day, the crew expends in inactivity 70/. per
month, or for the eleven voyages in the year, 770/. As the
vessel in her eleven voyages has brought to market 3,850 tons
of coals, these days of inactivity are paid for by the consumer
at the rate of 4s. per ton.
This state of things cannot be continued without danger, for
the population of London, and of the coal districts, and the
ship owners, arc equally interested in putting an end to it. If
the monopoly of the factors were legally destroyed, coals from
the Humber, the Trent, the Ouse, and Whitehaven, might be
brought to London concurrently with those from the Tyne, and
might be sold in London on the average of 16s. per ton all
through the year.
Very soon, on such conditions, the consumption would be
doubled, for the artizans and the middle classes do not now
consume the half of that which is required, by a regard to the
health of the former, and by the social conditionof the latter.

Let it not b.; supposed that the legal suppression of a mo-
nopoly, originally instituted for the general benefit, which has
been perverted an so scandalous a manner, would give rise to
a still greater et il, the want of coals in a severe winter. Naviga-
tion is certainly more safe in summer than winter, and
the silipownem would take care to bring a sufficient supply
during the fit le weather. Besides that the habits of saving
economy and foresight which are now common to the
labouring classcs, as testified by the Savings Banks, will no
doubt lead to the formation of Companies for supplying
fuel, which will guarantee the hearth of the poor, as well as
that of the riot , against any new monopoly. Such Compa-
nies will be found as useful to the great body of the consumers
as water and as Companies now arc.

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