The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-30 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO.MORROW.
11 minutes after 0 Evening 40 minutes after 0

carries on her Oriental schemes of aggression. As '
we trust to be able to-morrow to enter more fully into
the statements contained in this pamphlet, we shall leave
our readers to exercise their own good sense in corn-
menting upon it :
" But it is in quarters further removed from public obser-
vation that the progress of Russia has been most rapid and
alarming, because more securely carried on. Few and in-
different are the regards bestowed by most European States-
men on the countries eastward of the Caspian, or even on the
more known and less savage realms of Persia ; yet it is there,
notwithstanding, that the danger to British interests is greatest
and most imminent. Not four years since the aid of Eng-
land, in money and in countenance, placed the present Shah of
Persia on his throne. Accompanied by the Envoy of that
power, with the detachment of British officers, and by the
Ambassador of Russia, who gave no assistance beyond the
assent implied by his presence—for none other, indeed, was
required on the part of his master—the young Monarch made
his bloodless progress from Tabreez to the capital, where he
was seated in peace upon the throne of his grandfather—
and great and unbounded were the professions of his gratitude.
The Russian boundary was then the Arras, and the influence
of Russia was decidedly inferior to that of England in the
councils of the Shah. Since then we have seen that Mo-
narch, who thus owed his crown to England, in defiance
of the councils and remonstrances of the British Minister,
but listening to the voice of encouragement from the Am-
bassador of Russia, exhausting the resources and forestalling
the revenues of his still unsettled country, in support of
a war of aggression against the vital interests of England.
We have seen the English Minister insulted, his demands
for redress unheeded, forced to retire before the prevail-
ing influence of the Russian Envoy from the Court of the
Shah, where heretofore he had been paramount, and that
Monarch avowedly abandoning himself to the guidance of the
latter—acting in all respects by his advice—making treaties
under his guarantee, and receiving in return promises of the
most substantial aid, in prosecuting his designs against the
very points and people which it is our interest and object to
protect.
We have seen the Chiefs of Affghanistan, who but a short
while since coveted and solicited our alliance as their best
safeguard, disappointed in their hopes of assistance from Eng-
land against either Sikbs or Persians, dismissing the empty-
handed English agents, and admitting those of Russia, who
lavish the promises of aid and protection which England with-
holds ; and entering into treaties with the Persian Monarch,
under guarantee of the Russian agent ; probably, too, with
the Emperor himself, against their own brethren of Herat.
We hear of the Russian Envoy intimating the intention of
the Emperor his master to send an army of 10,000 Rus-
sians to subjugate the rulers of Khivah and Bockhara, and
that done, to fix with Persia the limits of their eastern
frontiers. In short, we see Russian influence, instead of
being limited as formerly to the line of Arras, prevailing
now, not at Herat alone, but at Cabul—nay, even to the banks
of the Indus."

Two communications from Hanover have lately ap-
peared in the Morning Chronicle, which, as we know
the statements to be correct, seem worthy of public at-
tention. The first refers to the policy of ERNEST,
the usurper of his people's rights, as it concerns the
internal relations of Hanover, the second as it con-
cerns the relations of Hanover to the rest of Germany,
and both lead to the conclusion that however rabid and
wicked is this aged usurper, he is still more weak and
foolish. He is now in his 67th year, and, according
to the course of nature, cannot live many years. His
heir is a blind boy, whose accession to the throne will
not be undisputed, for it is a doubtful point whether
according to law and custom, in Germany, incurable
blindness will not incapacitate him from ascending the
throne. He has already a rival, in his cousin, and
his father has taken care to alienate his uncles from
his cause. For this poor young man Prince ER-
NEST is preparing a life of trial and misery. He went
to Hanover under most favourable circumstances. The
people, naturally loyal to his House, were anxious that
their Sovereign should live in the country, and they
received him with the warmest attachment. With
generous disinterestedness, his predecessor had done
all in his power to prepare for him a happy people,
and, proportionate to the extent of his dominion, a
splendid throne, which he ascended with all possible
advantage. The States, which he disliked, were not
very popular, and it is the opinion of the best judges
that nothing would have been easier for Prince
ERNEST, by a little management to have brought
them into his views, to have quietly obtained all the mo-
difications of the Constitution which he could have
desired, and to have induced them to agree with him
in passing a law which would have secured the throne
to his son, and placed the Regency in the hands of
that son's wife or his mother. By his rashness, how-
ever, Prince ERNEST made the States popular—he
gave them the character of Patriots, and acquired for
himself that of a Destroyer. He affronted all the
people, by openly insulting the memory of WILLIAM
the GooD, whom they loved. He extinguished at
once all their affections, and left himself without a
party or a friend in the country, except his
Ministers and the Military. He even affronted the
latter by showing a partiality for Prussian discipliner
and though he has not made them swerve from their
duty to him, he has cooled their zeal. With the pro-
spect of a disputed succession before his son, he has
done all he can to deprive him of support, and make his
own death, if insurrection be not before provoked by his
tyranny, the signal for lighting up a flame in Hanover.
We are well assured that some of those who have the
most influence with the people look forward to that
event as the proper time to urge the popular
claims, which they repress at present, in the hopes
that it will speedily arrive. We know positively
that some of the leading men, who would gladly
have promoted the views in favour of Prince ERNEST'S
son above expounded, shrunk back from the father's
rash tyranny. They at once saw that he was not a
safe man to deal with or to trust, and they prefered
taking the popular side, waiting for a favourable op-
portunity to make his unpopularity help forward the
people's cause, with which they have now connected
their schemes of ambition. For his family then, and
for his kingdom, Prince ERNEST has prepared a most
sorrowful and harrassing future.
Nor has he, according to the Correspondent of the
Chronicle, done worse for the external political power
of Hanover. Supported, as he would have been by
England and Austria, he might have taken the
lead of Bavaria in defending the rights of the small
and constitutional States against the ambition of
Prussia. He might have made himself the arbiter of
the tate of Germany. He has degraded himself in the
strong expression of the Chronicle's Correspondent,
into a Prussian Corporal. Hanover has in consequence
lost all influence at the Diet, except what Prussia be-
stows ; and the Diet, while it rejected the appeal from
the Corporation of Osnabruck, and had consequently
no case before it, called on the independent Pi ince
to explain and defend his conduct. He has already
so well played the cards of Prussia, that he has
degraded Hanover into her vassal, and prepared the way
for the success of her project to incorporate all the
North of Germany under her own sway, as she has
already united it into a commercial league. The
project of mediatising several of the smaller States,
which yet possess sovereign power, is already talked of
as the first and best step to realise the ambitious projects
of Prussia. When thelittleprincipalities of Saxony and
Sondeesihausen have been sacrificed—and a little per-
sonal spite ;yill induce Prince ERNEST to favour Prus-
sia in that—Hanover, already degraded, in fact, into a
province of Prussia, will become so in name. In ad-
dition, then, to preparing internal dissensions for his
family and his dominions, Prince ERNEST is also
preparing for. the extinction of Hanover as an hide-
pd State.
olifpsthoef
some
peicieonard,r,eolnt State. Such are the views expounded by the
distinguished subjects. mher Chronicle,
Prince whichE R weNE s
Tt
so
most
Such, too, let us say, are very
of
likely to be the consequences
the rash proceedings of
this old, weak, foolish, and wicked usurper.

We are gratified to learn that a very large propor-
tion of the wealthy and influential inhabitants of
Edinburgh, alive to the importance of a speedy com-
munication, at all seasons of the year, between the

capitals of North and South Britain, have resolved
to lose no time in extending the great railway line
from London to Newcastle on to Edinburgh and Glas-
gow—thus connecting, as it were, the traffic of the
Clyde and the Thames. In our columns of this day
will be found the Report of a public meeting held at
Edinburgh on the subject, at which it was resolved that
the necessary surveys should be made, under the direc-
tion of Mr. GEO. STEVENSON, the well-known engineer,
as a preliminary step to the commencement of the work.
It appears from the Report that two lines of road have
been proposed by the Newcastle Committee, and that
Mr. STEPHENSON has decided in favour of the one
along the coast as being the most level, and therefore
requiring fewer embankments, excavations, and tun-
nellings than the interior line. These are excellent
reasons for preferring one line to another, and by a
Company who do not want to throw away money will
no doubt meet with all due consideration. However,
so long as the Government declines to charge itself with
the survey and direction of all lines of railway, it
must be left to the Companies undertaking them to
select such as they may deem most profitable. Had
Ministers, as we suggested when the first line of rail-
way was opened in England and found to answer,
ordered a survey of the country to be made, and ap.
pointed the great lines of road which might be un-
dertaken by Companies to be definitely fixed, an ex-
penditure of hundreds of thousands of pounds, in con-
tested lines and useless surveys, would have been saved
to the people of England. Nor would this have
been the only advantage. The lines would have been
more regular, and being laid down by men of compe-
tent intelligence and unconnected with this or that
locality, they would have presented something like a
general superintending regard to the commercial wants
of the nation. It is to no purpose to dwell upon
this point now as regards English railways, and we
only allude to it because it is still possible to deliver
Scotland and Ireland from many of the heavy losses
which a neglect of it has entailed upon this coun-
try. In Ireland, a survey has been made and
excellent lines, suitable to the entire country, pro-
posed ; and, were a similar survey made of the whole
of Scotland, and no departure from the proposed lines
tolerated, immense as would be the saving in money
from the first outlay, it would infinitely fall short of
the advantages which Scotland would otherwise gain
from a judicious and general intersection of the coun-
try by roads laid down upon a scale commensurate
with the national necessities. This suggestion is
merely thrown out in the hope that it may attract the
attention of our northern friends, who will know how
to profit by it.

A Morning Contemporary contains an account of
singular case which is to come on before the Court
of Arches on Friday next, and which will make the
public, generally, better acquainted than at present
with ecclesiastical law and the proceedings of eccle-
siastical courts. A person who is described in the
Chronicle as one MARY WOOLFRET, and is, therefore,
we presume, a poor woman, if not a widow, has caused,
it appears, the following inscription to be engraved on
a tombstone, in Carisbrooke churchyard in the Isle
of Wight :