The Sun.
London, England, 1849-07-19 00:00:00

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[PRICE eSD.

ies,--and two of that sou's children, and
ho may toll you himself that he is
the house sad farm for the benefit
A's vvidovv and surviving child, whom he
see comfortably provided for before be be laid
4 corner beside his son. After spending five
Bell's we got the stage for Louisville, ninety
miles distant, over a road that is not of the best, and to
make it worse there is a storm brewing, the lightning is
flashing, the thunder is roaring, the rain is coming down
in torrents, and the tire-flies are whirling in the air in
myriads.
P.S. This description of the Mammoth Cava, if it
may be called so, was written to a private friend, and
not intended for public perusal; therefore, gentle reader,
be not disappointed at not having discovered finely
rounded periods, or any attempt at high-flown language;
be cont,-nted with a plain chat about one of the greatest
wonders of the world, and if you can manage to come
across the Atlantic, to see it, do so—you will not then
be disappointeo, I promise you, however imperfect may
be my deseriptior.

' IVEY:HO-CITA ',AND PORTLAND
BREAKWATER.
Ills Royal Highness Prince Alb:-rt has graciously ac-
ceded to the wish of tho inhabitants, cot•'veyed to him
through the Secretary of State. and signified his'inten-
tiou of visiting Portland-on'. the 25th instunt, for the pur-
pose of lajing the first stone of the breakwater. It may
therefore be interest:i g to our readers to rewind them of
the origin and progress of this great rational work.
Mr. Buckingham, in his r•umuier trip to Weymouth,
Dorchester, and Poriland, observes, "It is impossible to
visit the island of Portland, and survey its beautiful bay
from the Chesil Beach, as you advance towards it, or
view it from the heigths of the hill as you descend on
your return, and not be struck with the great advantages
which would be given to it as a port of rendezvous, and
as a great marine depot—by the construction of a break-
water to shelter it from the south-east, as it is already
protected from every other quarter of the compass.
" Such a breakwater was conceived in 1794 by the late
Mr. John Harvey, postmaster of Weymouth ; and the
idea has been actively kept alive by his son, the worthy
successor of his father in the same office, and the zealous
and faithful guardian of his parent's reputation. By
these gentlemen, indeed, the whole subject has been so
clearly and ably treated, that no one could improve upon
their own statement of the case.”—Vide Remarks on the
subject or a❑ Asylum Harbour for Portland Roads, by
the late Mr. John Harvey.
The interest taken by his Royal Highness in all the
great questions of the day, will doubtless lead him to
visit the extensive establishment which has been erected
for the convicts, who are to be employed in the con-
struction of the breakwater, to which we have from time
to time alluded. We have now endeavoured to collect,
and will lay before our readers such further particulars,
as will show that it may be regarded in the light of a
great moral experiment for the improvement of the dis-
cipline and management of convicts, which, if successful,
will be introduced at all other stations.
We have been informed that the general plan of Go-
vernment is as follows:-
Ist. That all convicts under sentence of transporta-
tion shall be subjected to these rules of discipline or pro-
bation.

The first period of about twelve months will be passed
in separate confinement at Pentonville or Wakefield.
The 2d, on " Public Works," such as Portland, for s
period proportioned to the term of the sentence.
The 3d, with a ticket of leave in one of the colonies.
During the first period the prisoners will be kept
entirely separate from each other, but will be taught a
trade, and be instructed in moral and religious duties,
thus combining► the severe punishment of solitary con-
fin, ment with the means of reformation. The expe-
rience gained of the effect of this discipline on the cha-
racter of the men is represented to have been favourable.
During the second period the men will be brought into
partial association, under the superintendence of an
officer, and will be employed in parties of from 10 to 20, ac-
cording to the nature of the work. They will, as tar as
possible, be tasked, and receive some little advantage for
extra work.
During this probationary period, opportunity will be
afforded tor ascertaining whether they have profited by
the instruction they will have received when undergoing
,olitary imprisonment, and of testing the strength of any
good resolutions they may have formed.
The period of his oetention under this discipline,
will in a great measure be influenced by his charac-
ter, and the opinion formed of his probable usefulness
in the colony to which he may eventually be sent.
Indeed, the main objects of these probationary
periods appear to be—to give an effective punish-
ment, and at the same time to fit the prisoner for the
more extended liberty of the ticket of leave, which will
be given to well-conducted men, after they have passed
through them.
The ticket of leave will entitle a prisoner to work for
wages, and enjoy many of the advantages of freedom;
but the governor of the colony will have the power of
sending him to some remote situation, where labour is
much required, and in case of idleness or misconduct,
may withdraw the ticket, and then the holder of it
would be again in the condition of a convict.
The rules respecting removals are stated to be as
follows

Prisoners who behave in a satisfactory manner may
entitle themselves to tickets of leave at the expiration of
half the period of their original sentence; as an additional
encouragement, however, those of whose character and
industry the most favourable opinion is formed, may be
recommended at an earlier period, and may be landed
with a ticket of leave at the expiration of about one-
third of the period of their respective sentences. Daily
records are kept of the conduct and industry of each
individual, from which periodical extracts are made by
the Governor and other authorities of the , prison, in
order to determine the classification.
We have been given to understand that the general
conduct of the men has been so uniformly good, that
with very few exceptious they have entitled themselves
to removal in the minimum period allowed by the regu-
lations.
There ore at present upwards of 500 men on the spot,
and it is said there will be an additional 300, making in
all 800 men before the end of the present month.iVe
see large parties employed in quarrying, ohers in squar-
ing and preparing stone, others making new roads and
levelling the quarries for laying down the rails, prepara-
tory to the removal of the stone to the breakwater.
The establishment itself can only be seen by order
from the Secretary of State, but the following brief
account of it may convey a general idea, The buildings
occupied by the convicts are constructed chiefly of
wood and iron, so that they may be taken down and
removed to any other place on the completion
of the breakwater. Each man has a small separate
sleeping cell, about 7 feet long by 4 feet wide, and 7 feet
high. These small cells are ranged four stories high,
and open into four spacious halls, vthich are so placed
as to be under inspection from a central corridor,
where the officers are stationed. • All the necessary
offices are placed in an adjoining building, where
there is a large cook-house, wash-house, and drying-
shed, baths, &c. A large chapel and other buildings
are now in progress. The building is enclosed by a
lofty wall and the edge of the quarry, which was in
a very rugged state, has been made into a finished
parapet.
On the outside the boundary wall there are houses
for the governor, chaplain, and superior officers
of the establishment, and extensive ranges of
cottages for the warders and others. There is
also a large infirmary, protected from the prevailing
winds by having been built in a large quarry. Instead
of going to the expense of breaking up the large stones,
and levelling the yard where the sick will take exercise,
the rocks bare been left, and a party of convicts, under
the direction of the governor, have made walks among
them.
There
lighted and
ns
da
the gasometersupplyfroofm waterwhich alls
pumped t o
up buildings
reservoir, about 350 feet below the top of the rock

BREAKWATER
KC7ODTEE, E:,q. , R DEPARTMENT.
E u gli
J e r ,
THOMAS COODE, Esq., ditto,
R. A. TOPPLETON, Esq., Office,
G. CRICKMAY, Esq., Clerk of Works,
P. S. ARTHUR, E,q., Surveyor of Works,
J. RADFORD. Esq., Foreman of Works.

DESPERATE LEAP FROM BLACEFRIARS-NRIDGE.--
Last evening, about six o'clock, a man, apparently about
40 years of age, but who was unknown, mounted tho
bridge, and plunged headforemost into the river. The
unfortunate man was noticed standing on one of the
seats on the upper side of the bridge, when, before any
one knew his object in being there, he succeeded in
making the fatal leap. Bull, one of the officers on the
Blackfriars-pier, instantly put off in a boat, and rowed
towards the deceased, and having overtaken him he put
forth his hand intending to lay hold of the hair of
his head, and pull him into his boat. The tide,
;how-
ever, was running down very rapidly, and the hair
the man's head being too short for Bull to hdl
boat was carried over the man, and he immediately
afterwards cal led
after-
wards disappeared. The drags were
into requisition, but although the river
a s
ktr
lastsom some distance,
ance, the body was not found atseven
NEW POTATOES.-1t e continue to observe in some
.-
the receipt of some
, o course, receive a due weed
r
to the cultivator. We know
o f our provincial contemporaries
thorfthree I.loc npoe.wrlheadpgsm ehnitisf.ao.f
odio dozen
praise,n ew
what impression we may make—we know only the
not
gratification potatoes,
w with
e a
sPew; feel with regardbeyond t
co thentr a
di-
an-
nouncement—when we state as a fact
tion, that from Wednesday to Saturday last there were
no fewer than 301 leads of new potatoes brought to and
sold in our market. They were sold at from 4d to 9d.
per stone according to quality; and wheny say
we mean simply size, for they were all good, and, so far
as we have heard, without the slightest
taint of disease.'
This is decidedly lower than the price at 15th July in
the years preceding the potato disease. A fact of such
a nature would be weakened by comment. On the pre-
vious Friday there were 70 loads of new potatoes at
market, averagiNg about 8 cwt. each.—Banner of Ulster.
ROMPING.— Never find fault with girls if they are
decided romps; but be thoughtful that they have the
health and spirits necessary for romping. Better be a
romp, than have a narrow cheat and flushed cheek.-
.. Eliea Cook's Journal. 1
Pr.inc for
CHESTER AND HOLYHEADI,76OI.
the week ending July 15,1849:—
Os. I Id.; parcels, 601. 14s. Bd.; goo-sl,- utal, 2,1541. le.
7s. 10d.; steam.boats, 1821. 18s. Od.— traffic,
1501.
dCI t C
tea er om-
-5d exclusive of toll from Shrewsbury and
0 of mails.
pany, and payment for convey,'" Coaching
__The late, Airs. Warner,
ahne
tssi,d
bequeathed
MUNIFICENT BEQUEST.
hand-
some legacies to her fa m a
n y
th
invested. in trustees for the
of Gay-street, who die.dentelliyn,dhsearsv,
in Bath. Each recipient of
benefitinteres to
fof:3o4o,:OirwL,fi
living
the bounty will receive, it is ozpoeted, about 40/. a yea r.
—Ruth Journal.