The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-05 00:00:00

N°.17,763.] LONDON, WEDNESD 7"). SEPTEMBER 5, 1849.
AY EVE N `l.
• t •
itty

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSU-
RANCE SOCIETY.
26, Cornhill, London.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This-Institutlon embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuties.
Policies Issued by this Society have a twofold advantage :—provi-
sion for the family of the Assured, and an augmenting pecuniary
available resource to himself, if ne9diul, whilel iving. The Assured
has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense, or for-
feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the Premiums paid.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.

The continued prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors
at the Annual Meeting, hell on the 10th of May, 1848, to declare a
•ixth bonus, varying from 27 to G 5 per cent. on tho Premiums paid
on each Policy effected on the profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

Derma- Sum the
.
Annual Policy Bonus in emit Re- Assured
%ge. E Pre- taken addition Bonus in duction of may bor-
.7, miuna. out in to Sum Cash. Annual row on
Assured. Premium. Policy.
s. .1. £ s d. £ s. d £ s. d.
1837 276 14 3 128 14 3 21 7 2 593 6 8
1838 251 18 10 115 14 8 18 12 8 543 17 9
X £ s.d. 1839 226 6 0 102 15 1 16 2 9 194 810
60 1000 74 3 4 1840 178 0 OI 82 14 21214 11 845 0 0
1841 174 0 0 78 3 4 12 3 0 395 11 1
1842 147 4 21 65 15 10 10 2 4 346 2 3
1843 99 18 4 44 8 4 6J5 11 296 13 4
1844 62 6 Si 27 13 4 4 0 147 4 5

DEFERRED ANNUITIES.
By the operation of the same principles, the Society is enabled to
afford to the public a plan of Deferred Annuities far more advanta-
geous than any hitherto offered, whereby an individual, by the con-
tribution of a very small annual, monthly, or weekly saving, may se-
cure either a comfortable provision for himself in advanced age, or,
at his option, a large sum of money, or a policy to his family at his
death ;'while by giving to the purchaser, at any time, the power of
borrowing two-thirds of all previous payments, it removes all risk
of forfeiture from inability to continue premiums, besides affording
an ample resource during sickness and want of employment ; and
should the purchaser die before arriving at the stipulated period, two-
thirds of his payments will be returned to his representatives.
The following Table is a specimen of the great and varied advan-
tages which the judicious application of a small saving CAR secure
through this Society.

I. BENEFITS

Secured on attaining the age of
65, by an Annual Premium of
2/. 111.

E
:?. Annuity. Cash. Policy.
Wl+
41=

£ Is.d.£ s. d i.£ s. d.
20 47 16 6 394 11 0466 0 0
30 26 15 1C 221 0 0 261 0 0
40 13 19 5 115 8 0 136 6 0

IL PREMIUMS

To secure
on attain- AnnuityXlo 10 0
ingtheage Cash .. 82 10 0
of 65, the Policy.. 97 8 6
option of

74 >.
.4 4 Payable Payable', Payable
t .F., Annu- in one for Dis-
t. ,r, - ally. sum. parity.
-C ! I

£ s. d. £ s. d. s. d.
20 01011 10 010 0 0 0
30 0 19 616 7 1 7 3 11
40 1 17 327 311 19 410

Immediate Annuities are also granted by the Society on liberal
terms, as will be seen by the following extracts from the Tables,
showing the annual amount of annuity upon every 1001. deposited :
Age 50, £7 Bs. I Age 60, £9 14s. 3d. I Age 70, £l4 2s. 2d.
The Annual Report, with Tables of Rates, &c.. may be had at the
Office, or any of Its Branches in the Country; or, on application, will
be forwarded post free.

W. S. B. WOOLTIOUSE, Actuary.

ATLAS ASSURANCE COMPANY,
92, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON.

Established 1808.
DIRECTORS. ,
JOHN OLIVER HANSON, Esq., Chairman.
WILLIAM GEORGE PRESCOTT, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
Sir William Baynes, Bart. Moses Mocatta, Esq.
Arthur Edward Campbell, Esq. James William Ogle, Esq.
Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S. Emanuel Pacifico, M.D.
Donald Maclean, Esq. Joseph Pulley, Esq.
Samuel Eustace 'pagan, Esq.
-AuDrroas—Francis Bligh Hookey, Esq., and Arthur Augustus
Rasch, Esq.
• AcrvAav—Charles Ansell, Esq., F.R.S.
SOLICIT oa—Thomas Browning, Esq.
SuavEron--Thomas Hopper, Esq.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.

RETURNS.—Policies for 3001. and upwards which may have been
n force for one year prior to the date to which the Account is
made up, .will be periodically entitled to participate in the return of
Surplus Premium.
Distillerie,, Sugar Houses ; and Mercantile Property, in the Docks ;
In Private or Public Warehouses; also Shipping in Harbour; assured
for the Year, or for any shorter period on advantageous terms.
Farming Steck is now exempt from Duty, and may be assured
without the average clause.
On Assurances for Seven Years by one payment, a deduction of
one-seventh part of the Premium and Duty will be made.
RENEWALS.—PoIicies due on Midsummer-day should be renewed
within fifteen days thereafter.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.
The attention of the public has, in the advertisements and pro-
posals of this Company of late years, been called to a Table of
Additioni applicable to and expectant on Policies of particular
dates and ages ; the Directors now beg to submit the following
statement of Claims actually paid, showing the! sums respectively
assured and the Bonuses thereon, and they request, in order to
exemplify the advantageous plan of Assurance proposed by this
Company, that persons desirous of effecting Assurances on their own
lives or on the lives of others, will compare the statement now sub-
mitted, with the addition or bonus of any of the other offices which
may apply to a Policy issued by them since 1816, when the Atlas
Company adopted tho Bonus System.

T.s"o t
„pooco,acia-,womulocx
O g 1,5.
. , 4
0„.„, ,0.,.....--.9-..
O gv,w,_. E 4i..,Nm.,,N.v.m.....,
g . 2..•
0
-4
O ~...; g_.: -..40.0,...0.,.....
az 5.6
~. -.....
0 ,9x 6' N4cm.-4N0c0....N0r-
e1 AT.7A'gr4.BGgW2TT.
O _ ....
Vi .....g:
O gi ~ a 4igg'S?Sl4gol2l2CgAg
-a• .q csa.m mm .
0 . -4
1
C:1
W I. g f4t 46, ieC.: 00 0 :4 if, CsIC,IO ii, 0 ut 00 G4cra
...-.M,-,Mm.....2
H l4 F..
C.).
WV. -
fr.tg et
-, 0....000c000000
5,4 C.RPO 0 0 000 C., 0 0 0 009 COO
M MM .. m
WW -
. g
I- t-5;O
. 'W4I '..m
.. -. ' V
= 0. t..0M42, ~,- .- .....WW
O E1M7.1 •-. N...-....iNC4 ,444,4C4
P, E. 0
A
z
ow
r: .i • •....
. , •li • g • •'-' • • •,•
: :a' Z • • • •••• :1Z!
.4
iCk .:'''' • •I'._•-'l' ••z • •
en
1. 4. : ttl, ...I C, : 5 0 : :p : a
5° •.E..ti :'.8..:,:•;:i.
s! og '..r.•-; .§s„,-....a:1'
-a ~.. z :7)...., .42;=1;r4'. 5
O ;:i A • " •H .ozo
C.) • ° U,R..ww-.
, .
4 F 0 ca,,2, 2 M
2.-,Wtlg 5,0 O':Z rA4. •,..0, •
7-i• § *R"" •',17e'3e..,0•051-45 •
M A XeX."4 OE'mr."
A . • • d..,, -.:="4 •
~.= •.•.=B.--2t;
A .`4=-CHH.c7)c-AZg
-4 •ZE. CI
E., 40.09M0N,F.C.400M.W200
IC 744g4SSaL;ggalNS
Tp

Persons assured for the whole term of Life for 1001. and upwards,
in Great Britain or Ireland respectively, will be entitled at the end
of every fifth year (instead of every seventh year as heretofore) to
participate in the Surplus Premiums, either by Addition to their Po-
licies, or an equivalent Reduction will be made in the future pay-
ments of Premium, at the option of the Assured.
Policies may also be effected for the whole term of Life by a limited
number of yearly payments.
ASSURANCES for SHORT PERIODS may now be effected in this
Office at considerably reduced rates of Premium.
The NEXT VALUATION will be made at Christmas, 1849, and
Policies effected before that date will participate in proportion to the
time they may then have been in force.
The Company's Rates and Proposals may be had at the Office in
London, or of any of the Agents in the Country, who aro authorised
to report on the appearance of Lives proposed for Assurance.
lIENRY DESBOROUGII, Secretary.
92, Cheapside, June, 1849.

SEA, FIRE, LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICE ;
United with the
PORT OF LONDON ASSURANCE COMPANY.
Incorporated pursuant to Act of Parliament, April 22, 1847.
Admitted to Lloyd's by Vote of the Committee, January 15, 1848.
Amalgamated pursuant to Re= oiutions dated February 5, 1849.
Offices :
31, CORNIIILL, LONDON.
with Powers of Extension reserved to the
CAPITAL Proprietors under the 16th Clause of the XlOO,OOO
Deed of Settlement),
In Shares of Twenty Shillings each, all paid ; affording the security
of a large actual paid-up Capital, constantly augmenting.

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.

hi.iTtlNE.—Llmited risks in and upon vessels of the first class at
Lloyds
FlRE.—Reddced premiums on buildings erected in conformity with
the Building Act, 7 and 8 Vic., c. 84, proportioned to the diminu-
tion o frisk secured by the provisions of that statute.
LIFE.—The unmixed mutual system in its purest form—whole

profits being divided among the Assured, without the entailment
of any risk. The operation of this department also extending to
RAILWAY ACCIDENT COMPENSATION, at moderate Pre-

misfits ; and
GUARANTEE for assuring the fidelity of persons in situations of
trust and confidence on the Annual Payment of a stipulated rate
per Cent., either in connexion with Life Assurance, or distinct
therefrom.

Forms of for Provincial Agencies in those towns of the
United Kingdom where none have been already appointed may be
obtained from the Head Office as above.

AuG. COLLINGRIDGE, Managing Director.
London. June 9, 1849.

THE CATHOLIC LAW and GENERAL
LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY.
No. 8, New Coventry-street, Leicester-square, London.
TRUSTEES.
The Right Rev. Nicholas Wiseman, D.D., 35, Golden-square.
The Right Rev. William Morris, D.D., Acton, Middlesex.
The Right Hon. the Lord Stafford, Cossey hall, Norfolk.
Sir Henry Parton Bedlngileid, Bart., Oxburgh, Norfolk.
Sir Richard Jenkins, G.C.8., Director of the Hon. the East India
Company.
Thomas Barnwell, Esq., 15, York-terrace, Regent's-park,
JTahmomesasmEarysrehau, sEqsq.,
24, Carlton
s,Bmatah.
id

Middlesex—Chairman.
. Southwark—Deputy
DIRECTORS.
ev. William Morris, onl3i Dll.,Des.t,-Asgeutoanre,
TmihcehßaleglhtFßo
Chairman and Managing Director.
Sir Richard Jenkins, G.C.8., Director of the Hon. the East India
Company, and of the London Joint Stock Bank.
Rev. Thomas Doyle, D.D., London-road, Southwark.
Edmond Beales, Esq., Carlton Villas, Maida-hill.
Henry Clark Duppa, Esq., Malmain•hall, Stoke, near Rochester.
George Drew, Esq., Streatham, Surrey.
James Marshall, Esq., 24, Carlton Villas, Maida•hill.
ACTUARY—WiIIiam Henry Archer, Esq.
SECRETARY—With= Norris, Esq.
Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every information promptly
forwarded en application to the Actuary or Secretary, at the Office,
6, New Coventry-street, Leicester-square, London.

METROPOLITAN COUNTIES
AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.

27, REGENT-STREET, WATERLOO-PLACE, LONDON.
Incorporated Pursuant to Act of Parliament.
LIFE ASSURANCES to meet every contingency; also Annuities,
Immediate and deferred.

The payment of fixed sums to the Assured at any specified age, or
to their Representatives in case of death before that age.
Credit given for half the premiums for the first five years.
Three fourths of the Profits divided amongst the assured, and
Loans granted, repayable by instalments.
ENDOWMENTS, given to each child of a marriage a certain sum
on attaining the age of 21, and also the return of the wkole of the
sum paid for the same at a given period.
RAILWAY TRAVELLERS assured, by ONE single payment of
10s. for every 1001.
Medical Referees remunerated for their reports, and the usual
Commission allowed on the introduction of business.
Prospectuses, with the rates, the Annual Report of the Society,
and all information, May be obtained at the office, or of the Agents
in the Country. _

F. FERGUSON CAN:ROUX. AL:wager.

-WELL GWYNNE TAVERN and
_LACHOP-
HOUSE, Bull Inn-court, strand, Three Doors East of the
Adelphi Theatre, and opposite Adam-street. Luncheons, Dinners,
and Suppers.
Table d'Hote at Half-past Five precisely (Sundays excepted), Fish
and Joints, 2s. Hot Joints until Eight, and Suppers until One o'clock.
The Nell Uwynne Tavern which is situated In the very centre of
the metropolis, is near to the principal Theatres, and the Table
d'Hote has been fixed at an hour that will be found convenient for
Citizens, the Legal Profession, and Gentlemen connected with the
Public Offices and Banking Houses, also Visitors to London who are
frequenters of the Theatres. Private Rooms for the accommodation
of small parties. Good Beds. Wines and Spirits of superior quality.
Barclay and Perkins's Stout, and Salt's celebrated Pale Ales.
JOHN ARCHER and THOMAS HOLT, Proprictor3.

NEW PLYMOUTH SETTLEMENT.
Just published, in one volume post Svo., with a Plan and Five Views,

- -
price 6e. cloth,
AN ACCOUNT of the SETTLEMENT of
NEW PLYMOUTH, In NEW ZEALAND, from personal
observation during a residence there of Five Years.
By CUM:LES HURSTIIDUSE, Jun.
"The merit of this book consists in the full and impartial account
it gives of the settlement, and the sound advice which accompanies
it."—Spectator.
"The field Mr. Hurstheuse surveys is not a very wide one, but his
view of it is complete and exact."—Britannia.
"To the intending emigrant this work will be found to supply
valuable and novel information."—Weekly News.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 0, Cornhill.

ISLAY TONTINE LIFE ASSOCIATION.
Provisionally Registered.

Capital, 600,0001., in 12,000 Shares, at 501. each.
DIRECTORS.
John Bain, Esq., of Morriston, Glasgow.
Archibald Murdoch Burrell, Esq., banker, Provost of Port Glasgow
Alexander Campbell, Esq., of Bedlay
Robert C. Cumming, Esq., of Barremman, Dumbartonshire
Henry Dunlop, Esq., of Cralgton, Glasgow

.. _ .
Archibald Falconer, Esq., of Glen Park, Port Glasgow
James Hay, Esq., merchant. Leith, Director of the Royal Bank of

Scotland
.Arehlbald Horne, Esq., accountant, Edinburgh, ditto
Eagle Henderson, Esq., Director of the National Bank of Scotland
William Imrie, Esq., Dean of Guild, Perth _ ..

. . ,
John Burn Murdock, Esq., of Gartencaber, Edinburgh
David Murray, Esq., Provost of Paisley.

BANKERS.

The Royal Bank of Scotland and its Branches ; Messrs. Coutts and
Co., London.

Messrs. Turner and Wallace, 37, Virginia-street, Glasgow ;
Messrs. Goodwin, Partridge, Williams, and Edwards, Walbrook
House, London.
MANAGING DmEcTon—Archibald Murdoch Burrell, Esq.
SECRETARY—James Murdoch, Esq.
The barony and estate of Islay, comprising the island of Islay
and small adjacent islands is in the same latitude as Edinburgh and
Glasgow, and is one of the richest and most productive properties in
the west of Scotland. It contains about 140,000 acres, of which
34,000 are arable, the rest being luxuriant pasture.
The present rental of this magnificent property amounts at present
to 20,0001.; but a Government grant of 30,0001. is now being ex-
pended in drainage an 1 improvements. The rents are periodically
and legitimately increased as the leases fall in, and it is evident that
such a property must, under improved agriculture, afford a much
larger return. The purchase, it Is expected, will be effected for
about 500,0000., and it is proposed to raise a capital for this purpose,
and contingent expenses, of 600,0000., in 12,000 501. shares, each
shareholder, to nominate a life, and the whole body of Nominees to
be insured out of the rental, so as to secure the repayment of his
subscription to every shareholder whose nominee lapses. The
remainder of the accumulated rental is to be divided every ten years
amongst the surviving shareholders, the last survivor to inherit the
estate. On the basis of 12,000 policies, in respect of the 12,000
nominees, it is further contemplated to ingraft the general business
of a life assurance company, so as to secure an annual dividend of
profits.
Thus it will be seen that every person taking a share in the Ton-
tine, will, under any circumstances, receive back the amount of his
Investment out of the assurance fund, and will also, by way of in-
terest on his shares, receive an annual dividend out of the profits of
the general life assurance department (and the basis and guarantee
indicated cannot fail to make this branch most extensive and lucra-
tive) ; he will, moreover, participate, every ten years his nominee
.survives, in the accumulated and constantly improving rental; and,
ill the event of his nominee being the last survivor, will become
the absolute owner, in fee simple, of the entire estate. It is also
to be observed that, as the nominees diminish in number, the
marketable value of the shares will year after year be greatly en-
hanced.
The principles of the proposed Tontine have been maturely con-
sidered by F. G. P. Nelson, Esq., the eminent actuary of the Me-
dical and Invalid Assurance Company, and received his entire ap-
probation.
The estcte is to be vested in three trustees, resident in Scotland.
The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a board of seven
directors in Scotland, communicating with a board of correspondence
in London. Two general meetings shall be held in Scotland in the
months of June and December.

The preliminary deposit to be ss. per share (being the maximum
allowed under the Registration Act), and a call of 11. per share shall
be made on c-nnplete registration. The remainder to be called up
by suck instalments as may be found necessary to meet the payment
of the purchase money.

Applications for shares to be made to the following brokers &c., of
whom prospectuses and forms of application for shares may Ye
had : Messrs. John Robertson and Co., 47, George-street, Edin-
burgh; William Bell, Esq., 2, North-street, David-street, Edin-
burgh : Messrs. Buchanan Aitkin and Co., 41, St. Vincent-place,
Glasgow; J. C. i'oulds, Esq., Canada-court, Queen-street, Glasgow;
William Gordon, Esq., Aberdeen ; Janes Thomas, Esq., writer,
Perth; A. Abercrombie, Esq., Paisley; Messrs. Joseph King and
Sons, Liverpool ; L. L. Lamming, Esq , Manchester ; Messrs: Flint
and Tootal, [lull; Messrs. Beardshaw and Co., Leeds ; W. B.
Greenfield, Esq., 38, Throgmorton-street, London ; of Archibald
Murdoch Burrell, Esq., Royal Bank, Port Glasgow ; and William
Bridges, Esq., at the temporary offices of the Association, 38, Throg-
morton-street, London.

Mr. Ellis Roberts, who won the prize harp at the
Eisteddfod, has received his appointment as harpist to
his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. The intima-
tion was communicated in a letter, dated at Balmoral,
from Colonel Anson to the Hon. G. Rice Trevor, M.P.,
viz. :—" Mr. Anson presents his compliments to Lieu-
tenant• Colonel Trevor, and has much pleasure in in-
forming him that her Majesty the Queen has graciously
appointed Mr. Ellis Roberts harpist to his Royal High-
ness the Prince of Wales." We trust the next appoint-
ment we shall have to announce will be that of Welsh
tutor to his Royal Highness.—North Wales Chronicle.
A COFFIN-MAKER'S BlLL.—James Meara, coffin-
maker for the Nenagh union workhouse, on Thursday
sent in a bill to the Nenagh board of guardians for 1,130
coffins furnished by him from the 25th of last March to
the 25th of July!—just four months.—Liverpool
Standard.

It is astonishing with what facility our feelings
accommodate themselves to our situations, and catch
their tone from surrounding objects.—Eliza Cook's
Journal.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM TIIE IIOP.NING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

TIMES.—If there was any mistake in the arrange-
ments of the Canadian union, it was in the choice of the
capital. The uniform exper:ence of federal unions proves
the necessity of selecting a seat of government as free as
possible from local perturbations and interests. Ac-
ndingly, the sagacious founds rs of the great American
commonwealth did not aim at making Boston, or New
York, or Philadelphia the rival of republican Rome, but
pleated their federal legislature in a separate district,
far away from the existing haunts of commerce and
wealth. Whatfver difficulties there were to be sur-
mounted in this instance, there were also in the choice
of a capital for the common government of our British
and French populations on the St. Lawrence. Montreal
was recommended by its geographical position, but by
nothing else. Its populace had long been notorious as
the roughest and most turbulent in the New World. It
was already the scene of party strife, and while the
French population continued numerous enough
to keep up national jealousies, the British
increased in far greater ratio. Tho result
now shows that a Canadian Parliament will
always have to fight for its independence,
and a
Canadian Governor-General will always have to fight
for his dignity against the Montreal mob. A few hun-
dred men of the lowest class, swollen by outcasts from
the neighbouring union, and instigated more or less
openly by a disappointed faction in the colony itself, mill
be sufficient to keep both the Legislature and the Execu-
tive in continual trouble. This is the real account of the
Canadian disturbances. Imagine a fifth-rate sea-port in
this country suddenly exalted into a seat of government,
and the resort of political agitators. Imagine a provincial
town in the enjoyment of a perpetually contested elec-
tion, with Whigs and Tories ever bidding against one
another. There you have Montreal at once, excepting
that Montreal, Over and above all the sources of mischief
in a British town, contains a poPulation almost equal].)
divided between its English, its Irish, and its French
ingredients. - This is moro than enough to ac
count for all that has taken place and is still taking
place in that city. The majority of the Parlia-
ment is one way, the majority of the mob another;
so, without for a moment disputing the fact that the
whole colonial population is fairly represented in Parlia-
ment, the local mob attempt to intimidate and virtually
depose, not merely the representative of the Sovereign,
but even the representatives of the people. The attempt
is intelligible, and need excite no surprise; but it is also
most outrageous and most impudent, and must be put
down. France tolerates that Paris—an ancient, a popu-
lous, and a most splendid metropolis, that for many
centuries has set the fashion to the provinces—should
continue to exercise that immemorial privilege; but the
mob of Montreal has about as little pretension to over-
rule the two millions of Canada, as the mob of Sunder-
land, of Limerick, or Dundee has to govern the twenty-
seven millions of these isles. At this distance, and with
necessarily imperfect information, it is not easy to see
why the last disturbances should not have been antici-
pated by judicious arrangements of the soldiery and
police. All that can be said is that such things have
happened in this country, and will probably happen
again. On the 15th ult. several of the leaders in the
former outbreak were arrested, in some instances after a
little opposition. One might naturally suppose that ex-
traordinary precaution would be taken at such a junc-
ture. However,
appears a mob was suffered to •as-
semble, to attack it
Mr. Lafontaine's residence, break down
the gate, and advance within 20 feet of the house with
the evident intention of burning it to the ground. Mr.
Lafontaine and his friends gave the scoundrels the re-
ception they deserved. One fellow paid the penalty of
his meditated crime on the spot, and the rest took warn-
ing by his fate. It is, however. a matter of regret that a
great officer of the State should have been placed under
, the cruel necessity of defending his own life and pro-
perty against a gang of ruffians. when soldiery, police, and
the hangman were so much fitter for the office.
•Subse-
quently it would seem that more effectual measures were
adopted. The principal offenders have been arrested;
among them the man who officiated as " Oliver Crom-
well" at the destruction of the Parliament-house. The
malcontents have since proved both their temper
and their weakness by having recourse to
secret incendiarism. A splendid hotel and
some other large buildings have been sacri-
ficed to the loyalty or the amusement of the Mon
treal Tories; and the British name has been glorified by
proceedings borrowed from Captains " Rock" and
Swing,' and Mistress "Rebecca." Meanwhile we have
great pleasure in observing that the Governor-General
is warmly supported both by his Sovereign and by the
really loyal part of the Canadian people. The Gazette
announces his elevation to the English peerage. As the
champion of constitutional principles against the usur-
pations of faction and the ascendancy of race, Lord
Elgin well deserves this honour at the hands of a con-
stitutional Government. We will not believe the alleged
disagreement between the military and !the government,
or the alleged hesitation of the Ministers. They must
persevere. Theirs is the cause of responsible govern•
ment. The eyes of England and the world are upon
them. Their Sovereign beckons them onward in their
struggle. It is a question of principle. The event is in
the hands of Omnipotence. It may be His will that
Canada, having attained its maturity, should soon be-
come independent, or embrace the fortunes of the neigh-
bouring federation; but even in that case it will at least
bo our consolation and glory that our last act was to
teach it self-government.
CHRONICLE.—The Canadian intelligence which it
was our disagreeable task to present to our readers yes-
terday, and additional particulars of which will be found
in our columns this morning, affords a gloomy and omi-
nous picture of popular discontent and official imbeci-
lity. There does not, indeed, appear ground for believ-
ing that any large portion of the population of Montreal
are directly implicated in the shameful disorders refer.
red to; and we should doubtless do our Canadian fellow-
subjects a gross injustice if we imagined for a moment
that street rioting, ferocious and cowardly mob-assaults
on individuals, and insults to Ministers of State, could
have the approval and sympathies of any section of their
community, except the habitually ill-disposed and law-
less class to whom one pretext for mischief is as good as
another. But, however few and despicable may be the
actors in these scenes, all experience tells us that the un-
checked perpetration of such outrages argues a pro-
found alienation of public opinion and feeling from
the depositaries of the governing power. Excesses
like those which have once more disgraced
the seat of Government in Canada—and it is a
highly significant circumstance that, as a correspon-
dent elsewhere remarks, they have occurred nowhere
else than at the " seat of Government "—take place only
when the bulk of the community are so deeply dissa-
tisfied with their rulers, that the latter shrink from
even attempting to organize popular resistance to mob
violence. Contemptible, therefore, both morally and
numerically, as may be the authors of these Montreal
disturbances, we must protest against the pleasant delu•
sion that there is no ominous political significance in a
state of things which shows an utter debility and pros-
tration of all legitimate authority. We need not now repeat
details which have already appeared in our columns,
especially as the reader will elsewhere find a lucid and
connected narrative of the whole affair in the letter
signed " A Colonist"—a communication which we pub-
lish for the sake of its vividly descriptive account of the
actual condition of things at Montreal, although dis-
senting from many of the writer's views on questions
of general policy. A very brief recapitulation of the
leading facts may here suffice. It seems that, after nearly
four months of apparent torpor and paralysis,the Canadian
Government have taken courage, and have begun a sort
of secret scrutiny into the conduct of certain parties sup-
posed to have been concerned in the outrage of the 25th
April—a mode of proceeding which strikes us as a very
ill-judged substitute for regular and public proceedings
before the usual tribunals. Having succeeded, as they
imagined, in getting up a case against some of the indi-
viduals alluded to, they determined on arresting them;
and, gratuitously assuming the inveterate disaffection
and turbulence of the Montreal public, they previously
filled the city with an offensive display of military and
armed police—quite needlessly, it would appear, since it
is distinctly stated that the persons accused were of such
a class and character that forcible resistance on their
part was the last thing to be looked for. As regards,
indeed, the armed and mounted police, the exhibition
was very much worse than needless and offensive;
for, after provoking several collisions with the
populace, this force was, we are told, " sent
across the river at the dictation of the mob"—a most
ignominious and damaging concession to a power which
ought never to be braved by halves. During the irri-
tation and excitement produced by these measures of
alternate violence and poltroonery, a mob of some two or
three hundred persons—mostly, it is said, mere boys—
started
off (on the night of the 15th ult.) for Mr. Lafon-
taine's residence, broke open the outer gates, and en-
tered his garden. Mr. Lafontaine, however—with a zeal
of self-preservation which it would have been well if he
and his superior had always exhibited in their official, as
well as in their personal capacity—had taken the pre-
caution of garrisoning his dwelling with a well-armed
forge, consisting of his personal or political friends, and
(it is said) some disguised policemen. Immediately on
the rioters coming in front of the building—without a
word of notice or warning to them to retreat—shots
were fired from the house, and one lad fell mortally
wounded, with ten slugs in his body. The full ulterior
consequences of this disastrous occurrence we have
yet to learn. The funeral of the slain youth took
place on the 18th, amidst much painful and mis-
chievous excitement ; the inquest was still proceeding
on the morning of the 20th, the latest day to which
our accounts reach. In noticing the rumour that
Mr. Lafontaine had at first refused to give evidence
before the jury, and only made his appearance on
the issue of a warrant for his arrest, we must plainly say
that we reserve, until the receipt of further information,
our belief in so astounding a display of lawless and bad
feeling. Nor shall we at present attempt to prejudge
the question of the Minister's legal or moral culpability
in the affair that led to the calamitous and fatal result
which forms the subject of that investigation. Certainly,
there is nothing on the face of the transaction, so far as
the facts are yet known, that would decisively warrant a
verdict of " justifiable homicide"—since, on the one hand
we are not informed that the violence displayed by the
rioters was of that kind and degree which would alone
warrant an instant resort to the last extremity in self-
defence, and, on the other, all the accounts agree in
negativing the antunptieA that the assailants had been

previously warned to disperse. With every wish to
make due allowance for the fact that this was not the
Brat time that the Minister's residence had been visited
by a mob,'we are bound to say that the case, as it stands,
is cue calling for the fullest and meat searching inquiry
—and that it must be presented to the public in a very
different shape from what it at present wears, before Mr.
Lafontaine can be completely exonerated from the charge
of an almost criminal eagerness to take extreme measures.
It must at least be allowed that this Minister's extraor-
dinary promptitude and decision in the defence of his
private abode strangely contrast with the tardiness and
nonchalance evinced by the Governor-General in main-
taining the public peace and the authority of the Queen
and the law. Where the Parliament-house and archives
of two provinces were concerned, Lord Elgin could see
nothing but " grave objections" to a preventive exer-
tion of force, and he made a merit of having passively
waited for "overt acts" until the mischief was done.
When it comes, however, to something like a personal
question between authority and turbulence, Lord Elgin's
advisers at once rise superior to their principal's ner-
vous horrors of measures having " a tendency to pro-
duce a collision." Some of our readers, by the way,
may be innocent enough to wonder that they hear
nothing, in all this deplorable business, about a Gover-
nor-General—that thers is, in fact, nothing to show that
the vice-regal office was not abolished at the same time
with the Parliament-house. This is really the most
disgraceful part of the affair. While the public peace
is openly violated, and the most flagrant outrages are
hourly committed in his capital, Lord Elgin
keeps himself safely stowed away, " with
guards doubled," at his favourite retreat of
Monklands—cultivating, we suppose, cabbages and
" dignified neutrality,"—and leaving the tranquillity
of the ,province, the authority of the laws, and the ho-
nour and dignity of the British crown to be taken care
of by deputy. Now, we do not presume to say that he
is not _best where ho is; nor do we stop to consider
whether it is his "misfortune" or his "tank" that he
cannot show his face outside his own doors without the
imminent risk of making bad worse; but certainly, if
this is ".governing" Canada, there is nothing to be said
except that the British North American Viceroyalty is
about the snuggest berth for privileged incompetence
and laziness ever devised by the genius of sinecurism.
And actually this is the monent, of all others, which her
Majesty's Ministers have selected (vide last night's Ga-
zette) for showering new hereditary honours on this
fanieant representative of the Crown, who runs away
from riot and arson, and leaves law, order, and " seat
of Government" to shift for themselves. Not-
withstanding our very high opinion of our Co-
lonial Secretary's audacity and obstinacy, we are
much. inclined to risk the prediction, that the
newly-created " Baron of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland" will at no distant date enter on the
personal enjoyment of his dignity as a member of the
Upper House of Parliament. ‘Ve take it to be quite
impossible that Earl Grey's colleagues can be satisfied
to go on much longer with the experiment of " govern-
ing" Canada through a Viceroy who finds it necessary
to hide himself from all the world for four months toge-
ther—and who, at a time when seditious and anarchical
turbulence is rife and rampant in the capital of his pro-
vince, thinks (perhaps correctly) that the best thing ho
can do is to keep very quiet. This is a case that is
plainly past mending. When a Government has once
brought things to such a pass that it has hopelessly lost
moral weight, dignity, and authority—that its vigour
only exasperates, while its leniency cannot conciliate and
soothe—there is but one way out of the difficulty. No
pertinacity of Earl Grey's will ever make Lord Elgin
more than a nominal Governor-General of Canada; and
if that high office is meant to be a reality, it cannot too
soon pass into other hands.
HERALU.—That ever wise, ever plausible, and most
consummately self-satisfied and contemptible class of
politicians, which judges everything by the event, has
recently raised a loud shout of praise at the successes of
the Russian armies over the Hungarians, and has, ac-
cording to its wont, chaunted forth article after article
on the power, the glory, and the greatness of Russia.
But the successes of the united Austrian and Russian
armies over the Hungarians, after a campaign of three
months, in which the latter almost always exhibited
science, skill, and military talent of the highest order,
and in which the former rarely exhibited any of these
qualities, so far from proving the invincibility of Russia,
only proves how much Russian power and Muscovite
military strength have been exaggerated by those living
remote and far removed from the scene of action.
Whether in reference to certain scenery or to men, ma-
terial, and those things which are called empire, " dis-
tance lends enchantment to the view," in as great a
ratio as to the Swiss chalet or to the Windermere
cottage. Omne ignotum pro magnifico is the common
rule, and when it is considered how freely Russian
orders, rings, and rubles are bestowed for any modi-
cum of praise, however small, in the Russian system,
there is no reason why the Emperor, his generals, and
his army, should not come in for an extravagant portion
of laudation. Yet to this praise the Russian army or
military system is in no degree entitled. Ever since the
French revolution of February, 1848, the Emperor of
Russia has been biding his time, and making his prepa-
rations quietly and effectually. He has had no Parlia-
ment to control—no finance committee to fetter him.
His Cabinet is not a constitutional Cabinet, bound to
the country as well as to the Sovereign, and accountable
to the nation at large, but a set of head clerks, civil and
military, sitting to register the decrees of a Czar, whom
they worship next to God himself. His senate is not a
senate elected by the people, but a College of Senators
named by the despotical dispenser of all patronage, civil,
military, naval, and ecclesiastical. Nicholas is a man
prone to do what he will with his own, and the life and
fortunes of every man, woman, and child in Russia
being at his disposal, he can command as he listeth,
and is over his great empire obeyed accordingly.
When, therefore, he determined, in February,
1848, to pour immense bodies of troops and
boundless munitions of war into Poland, he had but
to will it, and the thing was done. For eighteen months
these contingents of men and of warlike material have
been daily increasing. Bodies of troops were ordered
from the Caucasus, from the military colonies, and from
Circassia, to Poland and the parts adjacent—to the
Austrian and Hungarian frontiers; while the armies of
Generals Luders and Duhamel in Moldavia and Wal-
lachia were greatly increased. All the resources, ma-
terial, moral, and financial, of the Russian empire, were,
for a period of fifteen months, brought to bear on one
given point. When, at the latter end of April or the
beginning of May, the Russian forces received orders to
march into the Magyar country, there were assembled
on the various points from which they diverged into
Hungary, the hoarded fruits of fifteen months' prepara-
tion—in men—in horses—in chosen generals—in artil-
lery. Not content with such generals as Roth, Rosen,
Kreutz, and De Witt, the Emperor put into requisition
his most famous general and only field-marshal, Prince
Paskewitch Erivansky, whose equivocal laurels
were won in Poland and in Persia; and with this veteran
Lithuanian he associated the German Rudiger. But
although these Russian officers were aided by Luders
and others of high repute in Russia—though a son of
the Czar accompanied the expedition—and though
Haynau, Czerich, Welden, and all the Austrian generals
and staff contributed such science and skill as they pos-
sessed to the combined allied stock—and the Austrian
artillery, be it noted, has always been considered among
the first in the world—yet three months elapsed before
the united armies of Russia and Austria gained the
slightest advantage over the brave but undisciplined
Hungarians. Nor were such advantages even then
gained till dissension and jealousy had spread
in the Hungarian ranks—till Georgey had become
jealous of Bem and Dembinski, and insubordinate
to Kossuth and the Hungarian Central Go-
vernment. Unaware of the reasons that induced
Georgey to surrender, we will not pronounce on
his motives nor censure his acts. He may have had
good reasons and patriotic motives for pursuing the
course which he has lately pursued. But considering
that his corps d'armEe was the most numerous and the
best provided among all the Hungarian divisions—con-
sidering also that he was the most seasoned and the best
disciplined—considering that he was the first Hungarian
general to adopt such a course, and to give such an
example of yielding, it is not going too far to state that
his conduct requires explanation—explanation which,
sooner or later, ought to be and must be given before ho
is acquitted in the eyes of posterity. No men are more
penetrated with the truth of the proverb, that
an ass laden with gold can enter the gates of the
strongest city, than the Russian generals. The
victories of Russian troops in Turkey, in Persia, in
Poland, and in Circassia, have been greatly more
owing to gold than to gunpowder, and though we are
far from saying that Georgey was ever corruptible or
ever corrupted, yet it is plain that Kossuth in that in-
tercepted letter to Bern, dated August 14th, not merely
intimates, but roundly expresses an opinion that there
was treason in his own camp. " The edifice of my
country's freedom, and the sanctuary of European liberty
is destroyed," says Kossuth, " not by our enemies, but
by our brethren." These brethren were not the Poles
Bem or Dembinski, or the Irishman Guyon. These
brethren were Magyars—were Hungarians. Who aro
they? Who are the traitors, if they be many—or
who is the individual traitor, if he but one? It is
curious and significant that Haynau and Paskewitch,
in their reports to their respective Governments,
both pronounce panegyrics on Georgey, and none on
any other Magyar General, though there were half a-
dozen other bred and born Hungarians with the rank of
generals of division. How is this? To praise a van-
quished enemy is good taste and generous • but Georgey
was not vanquished. He might have held out for some
time longer, but instead of pursuing that course he
surrendered to the Russian Field-Marshal, calling for
the intercession of Nicholas with Francis Joseph. The
first use Paskewitch Erivansky made of this surrender
was to lay Hungary at the feet of the Czar. The pronsp-
titude and the ostentation with which this was done—
theti
ici dingarteeatth co r
dy that
ohfa st
the have uss raisedane at bo outha vfiet —a
t
at any cost. A million or two millionusro
rea a iar
subfficiiemssnioyn
m so i
nl submission
at rub
w ecun o luel sd,
say in round numbers 150,0004 of o
not, it is plain, have been deemed too gp y
Russian colinsels were quite
sacrifice to obtain a submission, on which wfloiricthnigthhet
or Russiantho
commander lays such great se
weeks before the submission,
and
dfawulot wereknos
ad dispatched t cdhi
seod
gfor. Generals. Orloff
r anization were be-
ginniog to show themselves—the Russian army was as
;ro7zuorffi—erssi

[PRICE SD.

much discouraged in Hungary as the same army in
Turkey, under Diebitch in 1828—yet all of a sudden,
and as if by magic, affairs change, and one Hungarian
general, for a period of nearly three months successful,
surrenders without resistance. We blame no individual,
we asperse no commander. These facts may Le, and
doubtless are, explainable. All, however, we know is,
that they have Lot been explained. Supposing, how-
ever, Georgey to have held out obstinately—to have
continued a harassing war with brilliant success for
another month, and to have yielded after a desperate
battle in which he was fairly beaten, ought such a
victory to raise the repute of Russian or Austrian
armies, or of both united? Certainly not. Quite the
contrary, indeed. Those armies, however numerous,
however well supplied with artillery, cannot Le
considered very formidable in the field when we
actually know that 300,000 men, with every appliance of
means and material of war, had taken three matiths to
put down an undisciplined body of Hungarians, without
munitions and material of war—fighting under every
disadvantage of want of provisions—want of munitions—
and want of artillery. Nor are the Ifungarians, after a
three months' struggle, put down at last by fair fighting
in an open field, but by the surrender of a soldier in-
vested with absolute power, acting on his own responsi-
bility, and against the wishes of many of his brother
commanders. So far, therefore, from thinking the Rus-
sian feats in Hungary as calculated to increase the
prestige of Russian power, we are persuaded they will
but serve to demonstrate the real weakness of Russia
out of her own territory out of that inhos-
pitable region in which her soldiers are acclimated.
Though Russia has great natural advantages and
considerable internal resources on her own soil, yet out
of Russia, and as an aggressive power, opposed either
to England or to France, she is not formidable. Her
armies are numerous in men, and well supplied with
material, but though the body be there, the soul and the
spirit are wanting. All the greatest victories that the
' world has seen have been achieved, not by numerous
hosts of slaves, but by small armies of seasoned soldiers
with a cause, a country to die for and to save. Pre-
cocious in its growth—precocious is its semblance of
power—Russia has a giant's stature and scarcely more
than an infant's strength. The empire is thoroughly
rotten before it is half ripe, and of all the public ser-
vices of Russia, cankered alike by corruption, the ser-
vices of the army and navy are the most cankered and
the most demoralised. Regarded, however, in any aspect,
Russian interference in Hungary is a great European
calamity, and may lead to consequences not now fore-
seen—not now apprehended.

BIIMINGHAM MUSICAL FESTIVAL.
BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY.—The triennial festival
commenced this morning, under the most favourable
auspices, and the results anticipated, and up to the
present moment realised, are in the highest degree
satisfactory. It will be in the recollection of every
one who watches the progress of musical development
that on this day three years Mendelssohn's ElUalt was
first performed in England ; since then it has acquired
a national and European celebrity, and by the great
bulk of musical cognoscenti it is regarded as little if at
all inferior to the most cherished productions of Han-
del. Again has this glorious oratorio formed the
subject of the opening day's performance ; but what
a change of circumstances ! The great maestro no
longer lives, though his memory will for ever be per-
petuated in his work, and instead of the living pre-
sence of Mendelssohn we have today celebrated the
inauguration of his statue, which has been raised by
his admirers as a fitting tribute to his memory.
The appearance of the hall was in the highest
degree animated and enlivening. Almost all the
entire area was appropriated to reserved seats, and
not a seat was observed to be vacant. There must
have been upwards of 3,000 persons present, including
the bulk of the midland aristocracy, and the following
persons of distinction :--Viscount Guernsey (Presi-
dent), the Duke of Marlborough, Marquis of North-
ampton, Earls of Denbigh, Aylesford, Talbot, and
Bradford ; Viscount Lifford ; Bishop of Worcester,
Lords Lyttelton, Galway, Sanys, Leigh, Willoughby
de Broke, and Wrottesley; lion. C. 11. Clive, the
Dean of Lichfield, Hon. F. Gough, Sirs G. Skipworth,
J. H. C. B. Cave, T. E. Winnington, W. E. E. liar-
topp, F. Scott, and J. Pakington ; Messrs. Newde-
gate, M.P., IL Spooner, M.P., G. F. Muntz,
Adderley, T. C. Whitmore, M.P., Scholefield,
M.P., W. S. Dugdale, C. S. Shirley, F. C. Curzon,
J. Taylor, J. F. Ledsam, W. James, S. Sharnton,
J. W. Whateley, G. Whateley, S. Carter, &c.
Since the last festival great alterations have been
made in the orchestra. The organ itself has been
raised to continental pitch, and the position of the
organist has been so changed as to enable the con-
ductor to centralise the instruments, and present them
as a counterfoil to any imperfection on the part of the
chorus, if it be possible that imperfection shauld exist
where all is unimpeachable. llence the choral body
occupy the extreme wings of the orchestra, and the
conductor is enabled to develop the highest effects of
instrumentation by having them within the imme-
diate range of his baton. The band at the present
meeting comprises 21. first violins, 24 second violins,
1G violas, 16 violoncellos, 15 double basses, 4 flutes,
4 oboes, 4 clarionets, 4 bassoons, 4 trumpets, 4 horns,
3 trombones, 1 ophiclide, 1 serpent, 3 harps, and a
drum of every class. That musical abortion, the
nwnstre ophiclide was entirely repudiated. The chorus
comprises 80 trebles, 75 altos, 79 tenors, and 83
basses. Hence the band and chorus, with she assist-
ance of the principal singers, give an orchestral total
of 460 performers. When to this it is added that the
band and choir embrace the first available talent in
England, if not in Europe, and that the whole body
have been in constant rehearsal for some days past,
under M. Costa, it will at once be obvious that the
executive character of the present festival must
assume the highest possible rank.
When Elijah was first produced, three years ago,
Staudigl impersonated the prophet. We had to-day
a worthy successor to the great artist in the person of
Pischek. The music then interpreted by Madame
Caradori Allen was to-day assigned to Madame
Castellan, and though doubts might exist as to the
comparative artistic finish of the latter, there is no
question that in the element of tune she was itn-
measurably superior. The part of Obadiah, which
embraces several delicious tenor moreeaux, was for!-
tnerly taken by Lockey; his place today was' sup-
plied by Sims Heaves and Signor, Mario ; and though
it may certainly be questioned whether Miss M.
Williams be a sufficient substitute for Miss Dolby, or
Miss M. B. Hawes, it was obvious from her recep-
tion that the audience were quite, satisfied with the
exchange, for she received a warm encore in the air
" 0 rest in the Lord." , As the oratorio has within
the last three years been so frequently -before the
public, it would be futile to enumerate' the beauties
wherewith it abounds, and to recapitulate those of
this morning's performance would be little more
than a catalogue of the gems which the oratorio
contains. It will therefore be sufficient to
observe that the great and signal glory of I
the present meeting, so far as hitherto ap-
parent, consists in the stupendous choral ef-
fects which have been realised, and the exquisite re-
sults of the concerted pieces. Pischek went through
the part of the prophet, like one upon whom the
mantle of fervid declamation had alighted ; and
though, in one or two instances, the original score
became attenuated in his hands, by taking an octavo
higher than severity permits, he acquitted himself
gloriously. Madame Castellan in " Hear ye, Israel,"
was unquestionably great, and Sims Reeves, though
evidently suffering from recent indisposition, en-
tranced his hearers by his delicious reading of " If
with all your hearts." That he sang at all under ex-
isting circumstances redounds most highly to his
credit, and that he sang so well was the surprise of
every one. The event of the morning, however, was
Mario's performance of that exquisite air, " Then
shall the righteous." It was delivered with all the
beauty which characterises his most elaborate per-
formance, and with an intensity of pathos to which
the ranks of English sacred music can furnish no
parallel. Miss M. Williams was well received in her
various songs, more especially " 0 rest in the Lord,"
in which she was encored; and Miss A. Williams
sang most exquisitely the music allotted to the youth
in the recitatival dialogue with Pischek. The unac-
companied trio, " 0 rest in the Lord," by the Misses
Williams and Miss Stevens was encored, and so also
was the final quartet, " 0 come every one that
thirsteth," by the Misses Williams, Mr. Sim Reeves,
and Mr. Machin.
As a whole, the opening day of the festival has
passed off in the most gratifying manner, and there is
little doubt that the meeting will prove t
cessful that has yet been held. e most suc-
cessful
choruses were stupendous.

MAILS D
Cadiz, and Gibraltar on the
Madeira,
Southampton.an
and
Britishforeign
g nNcoorltoh.
15t and the United States on the 9th, 16th, 23d,
American
DUE D.IIEING. THE PRESENT MONTH.—Nigo,
t Indies, Mexico, &e., on the 22d inst.,
instd 2esn .1, h,
Alexandria,ft inst.,
n s.
.a t
Liverpool.
at Southampton. China, Hong-Kong, India, Mauritius,
BritishMalta,the lonian Islands,
naine_s Oporto,i
n t
the Lisbon,vve3
and the Mediterranean by te fortnightly overland closed
mail through France on the 23d inst. India, &c., Malta,
and Gibraltar, by the monthly packet on the 27th inst.
at Southampton, Buenos Ayres and the Brazils (over
Ceayhlo3c°a,nhAd
due) and on the 24th inst.' at Falmouth. France due
daily (tAice). Belgium, &e., daily. Holland, &c.,
Mondays and Thursdays, Hamburgh, &c., Tuesdays and
Saturdays.
Dr. Wilde, in his new book, " The Boyne and the
Blackwater," says that Guyon, the Hungarian General
who has refused to submit, is a flatly() of Rathkele)
County Limerick.