The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-10 00:00:00

NAVAL, 1 NTELLIGENCE.

Poßrsmoulh, "Ft.TLFT)..Y.--The death of Admiral
Sir Edward Or-.-en, G.C.11., was transmitted
to this port this ttturnoon. The gallant deceased
died yesterday at ti-e ego of 83. By his death a good
scrviee perision of 3001. yr a:.nurn reverts to the gift
of the Pir,t Lord, and the following cifieers obtain
promotion
. _

Adinir.:l of the Blue Hugh alwnman, to be Aduf
rr.l of the White.

Vice•Admiiral of the Red A. W. Schomherg, to Le
Acifnin4l of the Blue.

Vice-Admiral of the White Jaynes 'Noble, to be
Vice-Admiral of the RM.
Viee-Adrxdrzl of the Blue Sir Charlcs Richardson,
K.C.13., to be Vice-Admiral of the White.
Rear-Ad:Dirt:l of the Red Sir John Louis, Superin-
tendent of Davonport Dockyird, to be Vice-Admiral
of the Rue.

Rear• Admiral of the White C. S. J. Hawtayne, to
be Rear-Admiral of the 11(.d.
Rea;-Admiral of the Blue John Pasco, to be Rear-
Admiral of the White.

Captain Ralph Randolph Wormley (1814), to be
Rear-Admiral of the Blue.

The Rodney, 92, advanced ship, and the Polyphe•
mus steam-sloop, were removed from the sea-basin
yesterday.
The Contest was undocked to-day, refitted for re-
Commission.

The Serpent, 12, Commander Barker, was taken
into dock to have her copper examined to-day.
The Leander, 150, Captain Dacres, was taken into
the basin yesterday.
The Fairy royal yacht came into the harbour this
afternoon, " halt full of water," in the words of our
report from the vessel. She has been lashed along-
side the Dockyard•wall, and the pumps set to work.
We fear she will not be ready to embark the Court
to• morrow.

ROYAL MARINE ARTILLERY.

Lieutenant Mawbey and 28 non-commissioned
officers and gunners left head-quarters on Monday
morning per rail, via Brighton, for Woolwich, for
service in the Firebrand steam-frigate.
A sergeant's detachment embarked in the Scourge
steam- sloop at Portsmouth on Monday.
One subaltern and 48 non- commissioned officers
and gunners are held in readiness to proceed to order
for Woolwich for service in the Terrible steam-frigate,
on her re commission.

PORTSMOUTH GARRISON.
Colcnel Lewis, C. 8., the Commanding Royal
Engineer in the above fortress, expects to be removed
to another district early the ensuing year, and will, it
is said, be succeeded at Portsmouth by Colonel Hard-
ing, now at Gibraltar.

NVOOLWICEI, OCT. 9.—The Firebrand steam•frigate,
Captain Knox, will soon be ready for sea, upwards
of half of the crew of the Fisgard frigate having
volunteered to serve in her, if accepted; and Captain
Knox is to attend to-morrow to select those he may
approve of. Lieutenant d'Aguilar joinEd yesterday,
and some additional appointments have been made :
Surgeon—Charles Smith (1843).
Assistant Engineers—Samuel Stone, Richard Mi-
chael, Hugh Williams, and John Lee.
The Confiance steam. tug, Mr. Martin, master, is
taking on board at this port the luggage of Mr.
Rennie, superannuated lately at this yard, and will
convey it to Plymcuth, his future residence.
One sergeaut, one bombadier, and twenty-four
gunners of the Royal Marine Artillery, have just
arrived, by railway, fur service on board the Fire-
btand steam frigate, and will remain in the Royal
Marine Barracks until they are required on board.
The recent escape of convicts from this dockyard
has caused a strict surveillance to be made, by the
police. of parties suspected to be in league with them;
and yesterday, on searching a seaman rigger, named
Rogers, at the gate, a letter from one of the convicts,
still in custody, was found in the seaman rigger's cap,
and information obtained that he had been a medium
of communication betwixt other convicts and parties
outside. The rigger was immediately dismissed, and
a further inquiry will be made to ascertain if he in
any way aided the convicts who escaped.

PROBABILITY OF WAR.
(From the Derby Reporter.)
We rec(ive on our friendly shores the political out•
laws of France. France has given refuge to Poles
and Italians. Each nation of civilized Europe
is eager to extend its generous aid to those whom
either misfortune in a good cause, or insane folly in
a bad one, has made obnoxious to their own Govern-
ments. ussia herself would gladly harbour what-
ever enemy of progress the friends of liberty might
drive to her arms. But it seems that the Sultan is
not permitted to exercise the common privilege
which other nations have agreed to esteem duties.
A formal demand has been made by Austria and
Russia that the leaders of Hungary shall be given
up to the fate which despots accord to the van-
quished whose enthusiasm and courage they dread,
and whose genius they hate. The Sultan—to his
honour be it spoken—has refused to make himself
the Catchpole to the Czar, and has placed his em-
pire in jeopardy rather than break that law of the
Koran which enjoins the followers of the Prophet to
" receive into hospitality and protection all who are
unfortunate, without respect to their creed or coun-
try." But while the Sultan claims his right to fulfil
the offices of a generous humanity, and rests his re-
fusal on this plea, we know very well that the real
motive to this act is the fear lest the dignity of his
position as an independent Sovereign should be for-
feited by servile compliance with the demand of
Russia.
Such a demand could never have been made by
Russia unless it had been believed that Turkey dared
not offend its mighty neighbour. It is simply the
insolent pride of superior strength, seeking a pretext
for contest with a weak rival who obstructs its
path to the position it aims at. The mere pedants
of politics have already been busy among treaties
with the view of finding some obscure article in
which Turkey is specially bound to render up politi-
cal offenders to Austria and Russia. None, however,
are to be found which apply to the case of Kossuth
and his brave companions. And luckily Austria and
Russia too have often made it their business to excite
disaffection and revolt in the Danubian provinces of
Turkey, and to receive into protection the agents of
their own intrigues when pursued by the Turks.
Turkey therefore is in the strict path of legality, no
less than in that of humanity, in opposing, the will of
the Czar.
But beyond this, Turkey very well knows that as
soon as Russia sees fit occasion to attack her, the
invention of a pretext will not be wanting. That
which served the wolf in the fable would serve
Russia well enough. It matters not whether the
stream should run from Russia to her or no, Turkey
would in either case be charged with troubling it.
The Sultan, therefore, does wisely in accepting a
quarrel when he is not only in the right, but when
his cause will conciliate the generous sympathies of
the people of other countries.
Will Russia venture on a war ? And does she
imagine Constantinople within the reach of her
grasp ? Already we hear not improbable stories of
fleets about to be dispatched to the Dardanelles ;
and the Times, which hai the equivocal merit of
pointing out truly evils which its own bad influence
has assisted to bring about, begins to find it neces-
sary to play the Englishman, and denounce the
designs of Russia. Of late that great organ of
public opinion has told us not to - apprehend danger
from the predominance of Russia. That power,
forsooth, was'all powerful in the present juncture of
affairs, but its strength was accompanied by an equal
measure of magnanimity, and the giant's force would
not be used after the manner of a giant. So we
were told a month or two ago. But now the tune
is changed. In an article of Tuesday the Times
opens its campaign against Russia. It invokes
the aid of France ' • laments the backslidings
of both France and England against the cause of
liberty and cis ilization ; bids Lord Palmerston trust
no more to `° peddling protests," nor the people to
" peaceful jeremiads," but recommends bold and
decided action.
ir From the days of Napoleon until now, the whole
political world has again and again been troubled
by the apprehension of one great danger—the
march of Cossacks on Constantinople. Every states-
man in Europe immediately turned his eyes in the
direction of that capital, whenever Russia moved
from out her own boundary—well knowing that
however remote the path might seem, yet that the
ultimate aim and object was ever there. Russia,
England, and France joined their forces at the battle
of Navarino, which broke for ever the maritime power
of the Porte. While the rest of the Powers engaged
in that untoward event sang their palinode, _Russia
rejoiced; for nothing suited her better than the ruin
of Turkey. Russia made a descent from the
heights of the Balkan on the European pro-
vinces of Turkey, and was only deterred from swoop-
ing on the capital by the distant shouts of England
and France. Since that time she has been ever on
the watch to find an oportunity of escaping the
vigilance, or of safely defying the obstacles, inter-
pathto Constantinuorpolpe. v
e by
lhethejn sheealous
PLe•edrninmehrnets of the West of Europe.
intervened in the Austrian affairs it was clear to
every one that she was ah,,ut her great
work.
IV i;I she accomplish it ? Like a wolf aroundwa.
sheepfold, she has row alvanced and now retired, as
she thought tl.e shepherds careful or prepared.
May site count on their supineness or weakness
now ? Austria is forbidden, by internal weakness
and by gratitude for services lately rendered, from
any active opposition ; and we fear that France is
not well inclined to go hand in hand with England
in a contest in which her own policy is not so im-
me,iiately involved, and in which she could only use
her fleets. But yet we will not doubt that any Go•
vernment can so run counter to the better instincts
of the French people as to stand by while the bul-
-1 work between Russia and the West is for ever ruined.

If France and England be heartily of one accord,
there is no fear of a good issue to any quarrel they
may engage in with Russia. Indeed if tilese Powers
do discover clear indication of warlike intention,
the threateniegs of Russia will end in nothing. Or
if Russia should persist in her purpose of seizing on
Turkey, results may follow which she little expects.
Hungary made independent—Poland free—Tu: key,
strong—and Russia driven beck into her own con-
fines—these are the not impossible events which might
follow the encounter of Russia with England and
France. Good wuuld indeed thus come out of evil.
But let us remember that war is a terrible evil,
and not be eager to accept it on light grounds. Our
ambassador at Constantinople cannot be too highly
praised for the skill and vigour he has instilled into
the Turkish Councils ; and we do not doubt Lord
Palmerston will see that the dignity and interests
of England suffer no loss. But we vet hope that war
may be averted ; for, as the Times of Wednesday puts
it, ''if this cause (the cause of humanity and of
right) be maintained with the spirit and dignity
which it requires, there is great reason to believe that
the pretensions of the Emperor of Russia will
subside, and an affair which has had a formidable
commencement may still be brought to a pacific ter-
mination." We are of opinion, howevtr, that sooner
or later the battle ground.of Europe must be the fron-
tier of Turkey. The ambition of the Czar is insati-
able; his hatred of progress and independence in-
tense; and he will not readily abandon his long-
cherished designs. It will be for Western Europe to
say whether the hoof of the Cossack horse shall
trample down nationalities, and destroy the last ves-
tiges of liberty. When the struggle comes—as come,
we fear, it must and will—may He who holds the
nations of the earth in His hand, and can control
them at pleasure, nerve the right arm of England in
the cause of humanity, of liberty, and of civilization I

TESTIMONIAL
TO THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEES,

" THE HUNGARIAN NATION COUNTS ON THE SYMPATHI
OF EVERY NATION 'WHICH LOVES RIGHT AND Ll-
BERTY."—Kossuth's Protest against Russian Interven-
tion.

Subscriptions may be sent to the following bankers:—
Messrs. Coutts end Co.
Messrs. Drummond.
Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith ;
or to any one of the members of the committee formed
to carry out the Testimonial.
"a*All further Post-office orders to be made payable tollardo
Young, Esq., at the Money Order Office, Strand.

Subscriptions already received ... £1,106 19 1i

HEALTH of LONDON during die WEEK.
(From the return of the Registrar-General )
The number of deaths from all causes registered in
the week ending last Saturday is 1,290, and again
exhibits an important decrease on the previous week.
Since the first week of September, when the total
deaths were 3,183, the mortality has steadily de-
clined, and is now, happily, not much in excess of
the rate that usually prevails in the last quarter of
the year. Cholera has fallen more rapidly than it
increased, for during the last week the deaths regis-
tered were 288, a number in the fourth week of its
decline which differs not much from the number
returned about eight weeks before it attained its
greatest fatality*. Diarrheaa and dysentry also
decrease, but more slowly. It will be observed,
however, that the deaths from these two
forms of disease last week, namely 146, are
hardly less numerous than those of part of
the y ears 1846 and 1847, when the periodical in-
crease was unusually great. In St. Giles only one
death from cholera was registered last week; in East
London, West London, and City of London, the
deaths were 12, those in the previous week from
cholera having been 26; in Lambeth the deaths in
two weeks have fallen from 50 to 24. It lingers in
Fulham, and in some other districts the recent im-
provement is not remarkable. Other epidemics,
with the exception of typhus, are near the average.
With reference to small-pox, Mr. Holt states that he
has registered only two deaths in the hospital for
this disease (in Camden Town sub-district) in three
months. Within this period the house has been
nearly empty, at one time there was but a single
patient, and all the cases were of a mild form. A man
of 62 years died in Aldgate of " destitution" (accord-
ing to the coroner's verdict).
The mean height of the barometer in the week was
29.374 ; the mean temperature was 50 deg. 2 min.,
less than the average of the same week in seven years
by about two degrees. The temperature was con-
siderably lower than in previous weeks ; and on some
days rain fell heavily.

Note on an alleged Inaccuracy in the Cholera:Returns.
* At two late Courts of the London City Commis-
sioners of Sewers one of the Aldermen has called in
question the accuracy of the Cholera Returns made by
this office. And on Saturday (October 6th) Mr. Syd-
ney, in a letter to the editor of the im es, resumes. the
charge in the following terms:—" My complaint arose
from the mischievous tendency to the trade of the City
by publishing inaccurate statements of the number of
deaths from cholera; and I am borne out by the report
of tho Officer of Health, which gives the number during
the past week, ending Saturday last, in the city of Lon-
don (out of a population of 126,000 inhabitants) as 14,
whilst the Registrar-Gcneral increases the number for
the same period to no less than 26." Now 26 deaths by.
cholera were registered by the Registrars of the city of
London in the week referred to; and the 26 persons
died in the City within and without the walls. The sex,
age, profession, fatal diseases and duration of illness,
date of death, and place of death, are specified
in the printed return itself ; and Alderman Sid-
ney can, if he will take the trouble, see these
particulars, with the names of the deceased, and
the names of the informants, in the books of the
City Registrars. The deaths were registered, but did
not all occur in the week; in several cases inquests had
been held, and, as was explained in a note to the daily
return for Saturday, Sept. 29, the account was swelled
by an undue proportion of such cases; as deaths on
which inquests have been held are not legally registered
before the coroner affixes his signature to the entries.
The City Coroner and City Registrars, by an arrange
merit between themselves, registered deaths from cho-
lera, which had occurred previously, in the last week of
the quarter, and the deaths in the previous returns were
understated to that extent.

St. Bartholomew's Hospital is in the city of London;
many,patients suffering from cholera have been received;
and many have died in the hospital. Under the Act the
deaths are registered in the district in which they occur.
They are so returned, and this appears to be the imagi-
nary " inaccuracy " which has given rise to the com-
plaints; but most unjustly, for in the detailed returns the
deaths in St. Bartholomew's Hospital are carefully dis-
tinguished from the other deaths in the city, and the pre-
vious residence of the patients is stated. The following
is a copy of the printed return for Tuesday, Sept. 25,
and a specimen of the rest :

" WEST LONDON; North.—Population, 12,682.
Cholera, 2; diarrhou,:none.—F. 47, wife of hairworlar,
cholera, three days, 82, Hosier lane. F. 22, spinster,
cholera. St. Bartholomew's Hospital. From 6, Ful-
wood's rents."

It was shown on a diagram in the weekly return re-
ferred to by the Alderman, that the mortality of the
city of London from cholera was 49 or 65 in 10,000,
according as the deaths in St. Bartholomew's Hospital
sere included or excluded. In the four months from
June 2 to Sept. 29 the particulars of 792 deaths from
cholera in the city of London appeared in the weekly
returns, which are forwarded from this offic.) to
Mr. Simon, the able Health Officer, who esti-
mates in his repo' t the number belonging to the
City, after excluding certain deaths in St. Bartholomew's
Hospital, at 697 out of 124,505, or 56 in 10,000. The
deaths from cholera to 10,000 inhabitants in Hampstead
were oily 8; in the district of St. James's, Westmin-
ster, 15; St. George, Hanover-square, 16; Marylebune,
17; Clerkenwell, 18; Pancras, 22; Islington, 25; Ken-
sington, 25; Hackney, 26; St. Martin-in-the-Fields, 33;
Strand, 35; Holborn, 35; Lewisham, 35; St. George-iu-
the-East, 46; Stepney, 47; St. Luke, 48; St. Giles, 51;
Chelsea, 53; City of London, 56; Whitechapel, 67;
Westminster, 69; Shoreditch, 71; Wandsworth, 7fi ;
Greenwich, 78; Poplar, 86; Bethnal-green, 91; Cam-
berwell, 100; Lambeth, 113; Newington, 142; St.
Olave, 152 or 179; St. Saviour, 162; St. George, South-
wark, 164; Bermondsey, 189; Rotherhithe, 263.
London city, within and without the walls, has thus
suffered more than the average morality from the cho-
lera; and the West London Union has been the most
fatal district north of the Thames. The tables of mor-
tality inform the public how costly in human life the
nuisances and tardy sanitary arrangements of the
City have proved ; and the statistics of the tradesmen's
ledgers exhibit equally cruel inroads on the profits
of business. They have lost their fellow-citizens,
workmen, children, wives, and customers. Unques-
tionably no class of persons is to much interested, in
so many ways in the health of London, as the shopkeep-
ers ; sanitary improvement is with them a. question of
business, which will always be liable to periodical inter-
ruptions frcm epidemics, so long as London remains im-
perfectly supplied with water, is badly drained, and is
infested with nuisances.' The wealthy always retreat
from a city in an epidemic. The Cowmen Council, ves-
tries, and Boards of Guardians were reminded of this in
1847; the description of the epidemic influenza 'in the
last quarterly return of 1847 closed with the following
passage: —" The population of London was left at the
mercy of any epidemic that should break out in any part
of the world. During six weeks ii.fluenza interrupted
bus'ness, afflicted hundreds of thousands by sickness, im.
planted fatal diseases in the breasts of many, and cla-
stroped 5,000 of the inhabitants. Are the men who
oppose d sanitary measures, and declared so loudly that
the `,city; of London for health, cleanliness, effective
clraincge, lighting, and for supply of water to its inha-
bitants, cannot be surpassed' satisfied ? or will they
fight against the public good, till cholera drives away
their best customers and decimate their own families ?
Let us hope that instead of pursuing such a courso,they
will assist in supplying London with the necessaries of
city life, which they have enumerated, and which they
now know kre wanted,"

CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAlLWAY•—Traffic for
the week ended 7th October, IS49:—Coacking traffic,
1,3381.; parcels, &c., 431.; good; cattle, &c., 3231.;
steam-boats, 16V.; Aivid, 494—Total, 1,916 L