The Sun.
London, England, 1831-01-12 00:00:00

and 10,000 cavalry. They have also 10,000 irre-
gular cavalry and 100,000 militia ; but these last
require to be armed with muskets, and every day there is
being formed new volunteer corps. The war of extermi-
nation which is preparing will cause torrents of blood to
flow, but we can state, without fear, that Poland will not
be subdued. .

In the direction of Valenciennes they are making
15,000,000 of cartouches; Valenciennes is to receive
4,000,000 of them.

We would recommend those few people who
may be inclined to doubt the wisdom or expe-
diency of lightening the punishment of the poor
deluded Hants rioters, to take into consideration
the very significant fact, that the sense of the
country is daily becoming stronger and stronger
on the subject. Petitions, as we know on the best
authority, are getting up in a variety of places, all
imploring in sufficiently earnest terms, the mercy
of the Crown on the wretched criminals. The
question, in fact, is fast becoming a national one
—so strong is the growing conviction of the
community that the rigourous justice which
is awarded to the most deliberate and deadly
crimes—to aggravated forgery, or equally ag-
gravated murder, is not the measure which
should be meted out to the Hants rioters. These
men, it seems, acted not from premeditation,
but excitement ; not from wantonness of pur-
pose, but sheer desperation. If ignorance be any
excuse for guilt, they may with the utmost
confidence urge that excuse, both indivi-
dually and as a mob ; for there was
scarcely a man among them all who pos-
sessed even the common rudiments of edu-
cation. " But," said Mr. JusticeVAuGHAN, by
way of apology, we presume, for his severe sen-
tences, " the object of the law is not the pu-
nishment of individuals, but by way of example
to others not to follow their course." If this
be the sole reason for visiting the Hants rioters
with the last penalties of the law, we can
assure his Lordship that it has most signally
failed. The buntings still continue—machines
are still broken—discontent still manifests itself
in acts of outrage, and will probably continue so
to do, despite a hundred exeeutions in every
county throughout the kingdom, till the cause
that produced such insubordination is removed.
We have all seen, in the single case of forgery,
that capital punishment has not had the
slightest influence in restraining its commission,
and we fear it will be found equally inefficient
in the present instance. What, then, is to be
done ? We answer—imprison, whip, banish,
condemn to hard labour or the hulks (always,
however, proportioning the punishment to the
offence), those who may be found guilty of
transgressing the law; but for Heaven's sake—
for the sake of humanity—of common sense—
nay, even of expediency—do not destroy
that life which can never be restored—do
not place the starring and phrenzied rioter
on a level with the callous and abandoned
murderer—above all, do not furnish the country
at large, already sufficiently excited, with further
proofs of tile sanguinary character of the Criminal
Code. Teach the people to love—to respect—
to stand in awe of justice, but beware how you
Igive them reason to denounce and curse it.

We recommend to the perusal of our readers
the report of the proceedings which took place at
the Town-hall in Salisbury, when the pri-
soners were called up for judgment. More
heart-rending details the annals of fiction
never yet furnished. He must be more or less
than man who can peruse them with a dry
eye. To what a state has the profligacy of all
former Administrations reduced this unhappy
country

We beg to direct the attention of the Land-
holders generally to the suggestions of a sensible
and patriotic correspondent, who signs himself
" Agricola," and whose communication will be
found in this day's Sun. It is idle for the
Landholders to be making a show of charity to
their oppressed tenants by returning ten or
twenty, or even twenty five per cent. on their
rents at Audit-day, when it is obvious that most
of these tenants arc charged at a rack rent.
The lordly donation is a mere mockery of
benevolence, which the donors take especial
care to have inserted in the newspapers and
publications of the day, that their good deeds
might not be lost to the world. But the
trick will not do. It is not benevolence
but justice, that the tenants and farmers
of England want. If the Landholders find it
necessary to make returns of rent at each suc-
cessive Audit-day, is it not a palpable ad-
mission that they exact too much ? When
the prices of the farmer's produce fall, and
continue to fall, ought not the landlord
to make a corresponding reduction in his
rent ?—and that reduction should be made
not as a matter of favour, but conceded
as the farmer's right. Let the landlords
but act in this liberal spirit, and they will assu-
redly find their reward in the tenant's grati-
tude. The yeomen of England should be re-
spected as honest men, ambitious to uphold
a proper independence of character,—not
be treated as paupers, anxious and glad to
receive the landlord's boon,---be it even
from a Peer of the Realm. No ! The farmers
of England are not yet reduced to that degrada-
tion—and we trust never will. Let the landholders
at once reduce their rents—the Clergy their tithes
—and the farmers will soon be able to dif-
fuse joy among the starving peasantry by
giving them work. It is impossible for any
country to be prosperous and happy, where one
class is slumbering in heedless luxury, and the
other struggling with want and wretchedness.

,
IMMENSE COAL.—We omitted to state in
our last week's paper, that an immense entire coal, weigh-
ing upwards of two tons, was sent down, by the Stockton
and Darlington railway, to Middlesborough, from the
Black Boy colliery, on the 27th ult., to be shipped for the
London market; and which, when broken, was calculated
two make two London chaldrons ! We understand this
was ant of the largest coals ever hewn in the north of
England. It was shipped for Londonby the brig Maria,
the first vessel loaded at Middlesborough on the 28th.—....
Durham Chronicle.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY.)

FROM LLOYD'S.
PLYMOUTH, JAN. 10.-Wind E.—Arrived the San
Juan Baptista, Arima, from Seville.
DARTMOUTH, Jan. 10.--Arrived the George Canning,
Buley, from Singapore. Off port the William, Atwood,
from St. Michael's.

FALMOUTH, JAN. 10.—Wind N. N. E. to E. N. E.
strong breezes.—Arrived the Eliza Moore, Munro, from
Gallipoli.
PENZANCE, JAN. 10.—Arrived the Terra Nova, Kelso.
from thhia ; Comet, Ormston, from Madeira ; and the

Wilhelmina; , from Seville.
LIVERPOOL, JAN. 10.—Arrived the Hector, from
Smyrna ; and the Vine, Evans, from Havre. Off port
the Lady Rowena, from Charleston.
PADSTOW, JAN. 10.—Arrived the Symmetry, Nook,
from Leghorn.
BRISTOL, JAN. 10.—Arrived the Jame Aledo, Desprez,
from Bordeaux.
HOLYHEAD, JAN. 10.—Arrived off port the John,
Kane, from Palermo.
ConK. JAN. 9.—Arrived the Restarauder, Olivera,
from St. Jibes.
STANDGATE CREEK, JAN. 11.—Arrived the Phvleria,
Dodd, from Malaga.
GRAVESEND, JAN. 11.—Arrived the Harriet, Cum-
mings, from Newfoundland ; and the Joseph and William,
Anderson, from Copenhagen.

The Lydia, Stephens, from Banff to Newcastle, was on
shore at Hartlepool on Monday, but expected to be got
off; cargo landed in a damaged state.
The Agenoria, from Cardiff, arrived at Oporto, after
being on chore. The vessel and cargo much damaged.
The Theodosia Matilda, from Bordeaux, was totally
wrecked off Oporto on the 25th ult.
The Mercury, Callers, bound to Charente, ran on
shore in Gowrock Bay, on Saturday, and bilged.
The Ann, Jolly, from Newfoundland, arrived at Oporto
after being on shore, and obliged to discharge part of her

cargo.
The Euphemia, Lailland, from Singapore to China, was
totally wrecked at Linton, during a heavy gale on the 24th
of July.