The Sun.
London, England, 1849-12-03 00:00:00

THE SUN,

vessel at present on the stocks. Hitherto, unfortu-
nately, a "screw" of a different character has been
employed in the labours of ship-building as far as the
advancement of the capabilities of the ships of
war have been concerned. While a considerable and
deplorable amount of extravagance has been exhibited
in the way of procrastination (for the pretended
purpose of seasoning the timber), the monetary
"screw" has been continually put on whenever pro-
jects have been opened of improving the more desi-
rable qualities of the future instruments of our marine
greatness. We would now see, for this kind of screw,
the substitution of another of a much more benefi•
cial and, in the end, of a much more economical
description—the screw-propeller.
By the formation of such a rule as the one here
indicated our fleets and squadrons would be rendered
in a manner (what they certainly have never been
heretofore) independent of wind and current. They
would infuse life into what was previously little
better than an inanimate body floating over the
seas in obedience to the fluctuations of the atmo-
sphere. As we have before observed, the vessel would
by this means be gifted with positive vitality, it would
be endued with a power little short of actual volition.
Therefore, in the event of any warlike occurrences,
the direction of the movements of a single ship, and
of an entire squadron, would be strangely and nearly
indescribably facilitated. According to the old sys-
tem, for example, for the purpose of seizing an ene-
mies' seaport, unprotected by scarcely anything but
by forts situated at the entrance of the harbour, and
by batteries incapable of discharging missiles at any
object immediately in its neighbourhood, it
was absolutely essential to wait either for a favouring
breeze or for the flow of the tide, or for both
together. Whereas, with the screw. propeller, such a
necessity is altogether obviated, and the hostile
fortifications placed almost wholly at our command
The same may be said, moreover, in reference to
sea fights generally, whether frigate actions, or those
more terrible and momentous conflicts which take
place when enormous fleets encounter. There
vessels of war were liable, at any moment, to
evade the intentions of her commander by
the shifting of the wind, or were compelled
to run the chance of being disabled before taking up
their positions. Masts could be splintered, yards shot
through, and sails torn to ribbons, the rigging might
be thrown into inextricable confusion by being torn
and intangled through the discharges of the enemy—
and upon such casualties depended whether or not the
vessel could respond to the wishes of her captain, and
answer the hand of the helmsman. By the employ-
ment of the screw-propeller the ship could of course
be rendered independent of these accidental cala-
mities. Through a hurricane of balls she
might, undo r its agency, move majestically into any
position that might be deemed advisable. Such a
capacity to set at defiance the destruction of her sails,
masts, and rigging, is,- it must be confessed, one of
inestimable and almost incalculable importance.
And taking these things into consideration, no one
will have the hardihood to deny that the expense in-
curred in applying the screw to a vessel of war, for
the purpose of imparting to her these advantages,
would be found positively insignificant when con-
trasted with the value of those same advantages.

Besides, it must be borne in recollection that what
we are here demanding for the advancement of our
maritime efficiency will, sooner or later, to a dead
certainty, be effected by the other naval powers of
the world. It is consequently of importance to
England that in this, as in other matters relating to
the marine service, she should take the lead by ad-
venturing betimes upon the initiative. Let us hope
that the opportunity will not at this time be rashly
foregone. The days of peace are those in which such
gigantic innovations can alone be accomplished with
security. GOD alone knows how long those days of
leisure will be permitted to us ; and consequently it is
especially incumbent upon the naval authorities to
consider, without too much delay, the advisability or
the non-advisability of the projected improvement. A
step has recently been taken, or, at least, promises to
be taken, in the right direction ; now, therefore, more
than ever, is an available period for a change so
remarkable and comprehensive. The screw-propeller
is to be applied to cne or two vessels of war of consi-
derable size and tonnage ; let it be applied to every
ship at present on the stocks. That this would materially
increase the efficiency of the British navy we are con-
vinced; and we are also equally well satisfied that
ultimately it would be found to have proved wonder-
fully economical.

IRELAND'S RISORGIMEN TO.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—The following lines were prompted by a
remarkable address of Prince Albert's., at the Servants'
Provident Institution ; in which he spoke of " Pali-
cious SRLY•CONTROUL," and again, "It is not an
alms, it is THEIR RIGHT," words which never ought
to be forgotten.—Sapiens, sibique Imperiosus—solus
Formosus, et est Rex.
I have the honour, &c.,
AN IRISH EXILE.

ALLA S. A. R. IL PRINCIPE ALBERTO, PREGANDOLA.
DI FARSI RE D'IRLANDA.
SONETTO.
Quel che non pota mai forza od intzanno
Potri, speriamo ancor, Real Naturs:
L'lrlanda sorgera daa bruttura,
Diaionticando ogni passato affanno.
ALBERTO a RE!—Perebe?—Color che sanno
Trionfar senzs brando e sons mura,
Vincer for stessi—sola onesta curs—
Ricca mercy di for virtude avranno.

Spirto di earitl e d'alta pietade!
Padre de' Lumi, schiara a not la mente!
Deb! non lasciar I'lrlanda in prigion nera!

Cadranno i keel suoi aubitamente—
Ogni nemica tirmulla esdo
Se Cristo sta (falls contraries Schism C.

THE UNITED STATES.

REPORTED LOSS OF A NEW ORLEANS
STEAMER AND TWO HUNDRED LIVES.
(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)

LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.

The steam-ship Cambria arrived here this morning,
at seven o'clock, with the mails and passengers from
the United States and Canada. She left Boston on
the 21st ult., and reports the arrival at New York of
the America, and at Halifax of the Caledonia, on her
way to Boston. Her mails cannot reach town till
to-morrow morning. _ _

The most interesting intelligence received by this
arrival is the reported destruction of a New Orleans
steamer, by explosion, and the loss of 200 lives.
We are gratified to state that the Cambria brings
better accounts of the cotton crops.
The general state of business throughout the Ame-
rican continent was satisfactory.
The market for breadstuffs has been quiet, and
prices are 'without change, viz. :—Western Canal flour,
4 d0115.75c.t0 4 dolls. 87 lc. per barrel steady ; Gennes-
see prime wheat, 1 doll. 18c. to 1 doll. 20c. per 601bs. ;
Indian corn, round yellow, 64c. to 66c. per bushel,
barely supported; flat yellow, 63c. per bushel ; Indian
meal, 3 dolls. to 3 dolls. 12ic. per barrel.
The cotton market at New York continues in a
depressed state; sales cannot be made except at a re-
duction submitted to by holders. New Orleans and
Mobile, mid. fair to fair, 1 lic. to 11 c., showing a
fall of ie. Uplands and Florida, mid. fair to fair,
101 c. to 11c.; a fall of ie.
Freights continue very low, and little is doing ;
grain to Liverpool, aid. to 4d. per bushel; cotton to
Liverpool, 3-16 d. to 11 per lb., to thine, to I cents.
per lb.
Exchange on London, 109 to 109 f, barely sus-
tained ; on Paris, 8 25, demand fair ; on Hamburgh,
351 to 351 ; on Bremen, 771 to 78.

CABINET COUNCIL.—(TBIS DAY.)—Another Ca-
binet Council was held this afternoon at the Foreign-
office, the summonses having been issued after the
breaking up of that on Saturday. It was attended
by the Noble Premier (who is staying at the resi•
dence of the Earl of Minto in Eaton square), the
Marquis of Lansdowne, the Marquis of Clanricarde,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Earl Grey, Lord
Campbell, Viscount Palmerston, Sir George Grey,
the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Carlisle, the Earl of
Minto, Sir John Hobhouse, Mr. Labouchere, and
Mr. Fox Maule.

Die Woans.—" You see that 'ere buss
going a said a cad on an Old Kent-road om-
nibui to a rother cad who was being favoured with
a lift on the riding step. " Oh, yes—how fine it
looks!" " Well, du you know that the gemman
what owns it was deeply in love, as they calls it, with
a beautiful lady; so she died afore they were
znuried, and he built that buss to her memory, and
called it that dictionary word,
-NCIIANTRESS, as
you see; and there she goes along, like a gifted
coffin—but she don't take, poor thing I' grinned the
jealous cad.

LONDON,

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday and
yesterday.

- The 15atrie publishes a semi-official announcement
of the postponement of the elections until the 25th
of January.
The Aloniteur publishes a telegraphic dispatch from
the Governor-General of Algeria, announcing that
General lIERAILLON had, on the morning of the 16th
ult., attacked several wandering Arab tribes encamped
at Ourtal, and that he had killed 200 men and cap-
tured 3,000 camels and 15,000 sheep. It is announced
that General BOUPJOLLY is appointed Governor-
General of Algeria in the place of General CIIARRON.
The Constitutioanel says :
"The Presidestt of the Republic has just laid before
the Council two projects of law of which he is himself
the author—one on the army reserve, another on public
assistance."

From this it is evident that the PRESIDENT of the
Republic is carrying out the principles laid down in
his message of the 31st of October, and is acting as
his own Prime Minister. That he should so act
seems to be a perfectly logical conclusion from that
article of the Constitution which declares that he is
responsible ; in such a case free power of action is
the necessary result of personal responsibility.
The PRESIDENT of the Republic will review the
garrison of Paris and the National Guards on the 10th
of December in the Champ de Mars.
The Committee on the Pension Fund for the Aged
Poor adopted on Friday by a great majority the prin-
ciple of premiums of encouragement, without, how-
ever, deciding what form should be given to them.
The committee, it may be remarked, had two bills
before it—that already in part adopted in the
Legislative Assembly, and the other presented by
the Government. This latter only differed from the
former by the introduction of premiums, and the
committee has now expressed its approval of the
Government view of the question.
The Siecle has the following :
" It is well known that a committee has been formed
charged by the National Assembly to prepare a Bill on
public assistance. hi. Charles Dupin, who has the
naiveté to think now, as he did formerly, that it is
good for society that the condition of the working
classes should be materially improved and raised
as much as possible, insisted a few days since in
committee, that Art. 5 of the Bill on the Labour
of Children in Factories, should be maintained in the
new fay,'. This article enacts that all children admitted
into a manufactory should attend a primary school until
the age of 12 years. The Honourable Academician had
displayed all his eloquence in support of his opinion, and
he began to see his colleagues come round unanimously
to his ideas, when M. Thiers entered. At sight of him,
as he felt a secret presentiment of the defeat which ho
was to meet with, M. C. Dupin turned pale and became
agitated. M. Thiers advanced, leant with kis back
against the mantelpiece, and crossing his arms with the
air of a sovereign. ' What, what cried he, ' what is it
you say? Primary schools again! Teach the children
of workmen to read and write! All that, Monsieur C.
Dapin, is gratuitous and obligatory instruction, that is to
say, socialism and communism ! Is it with primary
instruction that you will save society ? There is al-
ready too much socialism and communism in our laws;
let us radically extirpate all that is now there. That is
our part; there is nothing else to be done.' Astounded
by this rude apostrophe, and particularly by the terrible
accusation of socialism, M. Charles Dupin wished to
reply, but M. Thiers opposed him it entrance, and argued
so well that it was decided by a majority of one voice
that parents should not be longer compelled to seed
their children to a primary school before they entered a
manufactory. Overwhelmed by this decision, poor M.
Charles Dupin went about everywhere complaining
bitterly that M. Thiers wished to retrograde, even beyond
the Restoration. Let, however, M. C. Dupin console
himself. The part of ringleader can never have a long
career. The whims of M. Thiers will pass or will not
pass; but they will not arrest the progress of affairs;
many powerful wills have already broken down in at-
tempting that absurd and, thank God, impossible task."
The Chamber of Commerce of Havre has received
the following communication from M. DUMAS, the
Minister of Commerce :

" Gentlemen,—The Chilian Congress adopted in Au-
gust last a Bill which authorises foreign vessels to carry
on the coasting trade for the space of a year. On my
inquiring about this measure, the Minister of Foreign
Affairs has informed me of the circumstances which
led to it. The greatest part of the merchant shipping
of Chili having gone to California, and the vessels having
been detained there by the desertion of the crews, the
towns on the sea-coast being thus placed for six months
under a sort of blockade, could not dispatch their pro-
duce towards Valparaiso, or receive stores and provisions
for themselves. It was necessary to provide promptly
for the re-establishment of the communications which
were thus interrupted, and so the Government Bill was
adopted unanimously. The greatest number of the mem-
bers of the Congress were even disposed to accord fur an
indefinite time to foreign flags this faculty of carryingion
the coasting trade, but the Government obtained that at
present it should be granted for only a temporary trial.
The new transports thus offered to the merchant ship •
piro of all countries, do not appear of a nature to bo
disdained by our ship-owners. Perhaps, for instance,
such of our vessels as are at San Francisco, and the
crews of which have not deserted, might find advanta-
geous employment in the coasting trade of the Chilian
territory. However that may be, I have considered it
useful, gentlemen, to transmit to yon this information,
with a request to you to inform the merchants of your
arrondissement of the fact."

A steamer, from Brest, having on board 85 of the
transported of June, 1848, who have been amnestied
by the PRESIDENT of the Republic, was expected to
arrive at Havre on the Ist instant.

The Revue des Deux Mondes, which was pub-
lished on Saturday, contains an article said to have
been written by M. FORCADE, strongly recommend-
ing both Legitimatists and Orleanists to declare at
once in favour of the re-election of the present
PRESIDENT Of the Republic.
Letters from Marseilles of the 28th announce the
detention of the outward-bound India mail in conse-
quence of the steamer Medusa having on that morning
run on shore during a storm at the mouth of the
harbour, and broken her rudder; she was soon got
off and re-entered the harbour, relanding her 17
passengers in, safety. No blame is attached to her
Commander. The mails were to be for warded to
Malta by the French steamer Leonidas, which was to
sail on the Ist inst.

The funds are quoted higher at the Passage de
I'Opera, the Five per Cents. being at 90f. 15c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, DEC. 1.

Boulogne and Amiens, sX—Northern of France, 2% dis.
—Orleans and Bourdeaux, —Paris and Rouen, 21—.
Rouen and HaNire, 9 it—Sambre and Meuse, 2%.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 25th and 26th ult. have
arrived.

The Gaceta of the 25th contains decrees enacting
that steam communication shall be established be-
tween Cadiz and the Canary Islands, and be-
tween Barcelona and the Balearic Isles. The King
of SARDINIA has conferred the Grand Cross of the
Order of Piedmont on M. PIDAL, Spanish Minister
of Foreign Affairs, and on M. BELTEAM DE Lys,
Spanish Minister at Turin ; and the Queen of SPAIN
has given the Grand Cross of the Order of CHARLES
111. to the Marquis DE MONTALTO, Sardinian Envoy
at Madrid.

MADRID BOLSA, Nov. 26.—Three per Cents. 28
11-16 for account ; Five per Cents. 111 paper. Ex •
change on London, 50 to 30 paper.

GERMANY

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

The EMPEROR arrived in Schonbrunn on the 27th
ult. On the same day Count BEULAN was arrested at
the railway station in Vienna, disguised as a Hungarian
servant.
The army is to be reduced by 80,000 men.
All the ladies of Pesth have put themselves into
mourning.

PRUSSIA.
The First Chamber of Prussia, on the 28th ult.,
referred to a committee the papers on the Danish
question presented by the Government, and after-
wards continued the discusion on the Constitution.
Several clauses relative to the powers, Scc., of the two
Chambers were adopted.

—he trial of M. WALDECK, on the charge of high
treason, commenced at Berlin on the 28th ult ,
before the Court of Assizes. It excited immense
interest, and would, it was supposed, last three days.
M. NEIGLER, burgomaster of Brandenburg, for-
merly member of the Prussian Chamber of De-
puties, has just been condemned to six months'
imprisonment in 3 fortress, and the loss of his place
and decorations, for having endeavoured to carry into
effect the decree of the Chamber for refusing the pay
ment of taxes.