The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-19 00:00:00

THE SUN,

HE late HERR STRAUSS' ALICE EA; of, t..ne act. Count Louis BATTHYANY, we repeat,
T
and wA,TDERa's LEBEWOHL NyfALZ,LII,,.
war
held was not executed, he was murdered. He was
yreat was the esteem in which these, b,eauti.ulworks e
e uested a murdered deliberately in cold blood, according to the
the late lamented author, that he in his a.st merrier. s r
of 'eafth be placed in his coffin; is needless to s. I, his de-
Written laws of England, and according to that un-
sire was written code of justice which has hitherto prevailed
N.B. A Cdt alogne of all hisw.rks, w•rks, per:?rmed by him during his re-
cetiitcveirlist, tato E,;tl,and at the Coart and Nobility's Balls, as kewise at his
ON be had gratis and postage free, of his pa-11:,herf", throughout Christendom. It is said by BLACK-
t'
Messrs. Robert Cocks and Co., New Burlington street, Publishers in
Ordinary to her Most Gracious Majesty the Qae,n. To be had of all STONE ill his immortal " Commentaries," vol. iv.,
'4nsicsellers p. 178, that " when a criminal is executed
by the proper officer in pursuance of his sentence, this
is justifiable homicide." " But if it be done by any
other person," says HALE, vol. i., p. 501, "or not done
in strict conformity with the sentence, as for instance
if an officer behead one who is adjudged to be hanged,
or the contrary, IT Is MURDER !" The assertion is
confirmed by COKE in his "Institutes," vol. iii., p.
52. Now, Count Louis BITTHYANY was sentenced
to death by the rope. Maddened by his many
calamities, he attempted to destroy himself, and,
in consequence of the wound in his throat,
he was not hung but shot. Therefore
say we, in point of law and justice, his execution
was a horrible and flagrant MURDER ! On the
Red EMPEROR—on HAYNAU—on every member of
the blood-stained Government of Austria will fall
the vengeance evoked by these gigantic crimes—a
vengeance to be inflicted, not by the scourge which
lacerated the unfortunate Madame MA.DERSPACU, but
by the rope that strangled AuLwa and the muskets
that murdered BATTHYANY.

THYATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.
B. Wor.ater.,ele Lessee and Manager. na Brompton.
A.CREADY will make his sixth appearance In London since
his return from America, and commence his first series of his Fare-
well Performances previous to his retirement from the stage at the
end of June next,

THIS EVENING,
When will be performed IIAIMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Macready ;
Ophelia, Miss P. Horton ; Gertnide, Mrs. Warner.
After which the Farce of SEPARATE MAINTENANCE.
To conch❑ le with OUR MARY ANN.
Mr. Pennipother, Mr. Keeley ; Mrs. Pennipother, Mrs. Keeley ; Jane
Brig" Miss P. Horton.
Due notice will be given of the appearance of Mr. and Mrs. KEAN.
The Box-office is under the direction of Mr. I. T. Archer.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII.
rnler the direction of !,iladarne Celesta.
THIS F.VF.NTNG.
Will be performed THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER- The
M vsterions Stringer, Madams Celeste.
To be followed by a new slippery sketch called MRS. BTINBURY'S
SPOONS. Mr. Highbitry Barnes, Mr. P. Bedford ; Bob Twinks,
Mr. Wright; Job Smith, Mr. 0. Smith: Nil's. Bunbury, Mrs. F.
Matthews; Mrs. lii;libury Barnes, Miss Brooks.
After which a new Farce, entitled A BIRD OF PASSAGE. Mr.
Carry Chick, Mr. Wright; Mr. Chaunt Ginger, Mr. Paid Bedford ;
Mr. Charles Pusher, Mr. Boyce; Ernest Hopeful, Mr. Worrell; Mrs.
Waters Rummer, Mrs. Frank Matthe..vs.
To concluda with TIIE TURNPIKE-GATE.

ROYAL LYCP.:IISI THEATRE.
Under the Management of Madame VestrllL
Sole Lerner!. Mr. Co Mathews.
THIS EVENING,
Will be performed a comic Drama, entitled ANYTHING FOR A
CHANGE. Characters by Messrs Harley, C. Mathews, banner,
Miss K. Fitzwilliam. and Miss Marshall.
To be followed by THE FOLLIES OF A NIGHT.
To conclude with a new comic drama, called A LADY IN DIF-
FICULTIES.
Dress Bozo, 55.; Upper Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. No
to eny part of the house.
All applications for Frivate Boxes must be made to Mr. Allcroft, 15,
New Bond-street.

Another ♦ictim has been added to those who have
suffered under the system pursued at our English
Universities. Another Oxford student, the third
since the long vacation set in, has been compelled to
apply for protection from arrest on account of debts
incurred during his undergraduate career. The
proceedings in the present instance differ in some
respects from those to which it was heretofore our
painful duty to advert. The last debtor did not apply
for his discharge from custody under the statute for
the relief of insolvent debtors. He sought protection
from arrest under the 7 and 8 Victora, c. 70, com-
monly called the Debtor and Creditor Arrangement
Act. His debts amounted to 1,3281., his assets—nil.
He was, however, willing to mortgage his future
labour, to toil for the benefit of his creditors, if an
opportunity were afforded to him of obtaining his
degree ; and for this purpose he required that they
should abstain from taking proceedings againsthim for
a period of three years, after which time he under-
took to set apart, out of any income he may receive,
the sum of 2001. per annum, in liquidation of his
debts; which sum he agreed to pay in each and every
year until all the debts and interest due upon them
should be liquidated. This proposition was accepted
by a majority of the creditors in number and value,
and, although strongly opposed by a minority, ulti-

mately confirmed by the Court.
The results will, however, be no less formidable to
the misguided young man than if he had to all in-
tents and purposes been discharged as an insolvent.
Indeed, in some respects, his position will be more
onerous ; for an enormous weight of debt will hang
over him, paralyzing all his future exertions. His
name will be stigmatized as a defaulter, as fully as if

he had obtained an unconditional discharge ;
while 2001. per annum, a large proportion of
what he can hope to earn in any profession or
branch of industry into which he mzy
enter, must be scrupulously set aside before he can
venture to apply a single shilling to his own use
The dead weight of debt will be calculated to prevent
him from engaging in any description of business,
and the emoluments of a curacy, or of the earlier years
of a barrister's or physician's life, will be quite inade-
quate to enable him to set aside so large a sum in
accordance with his undertaking. His future
prospects are seriously injured, if not alto-
gether blighted ; and if, by extraordinary exer-
tions or singular good fortune, he should be
enabled to struggle through his embarrassments, he
must, during the best years of his existence, en-
counter difficulties and vexations sufficient to dis-
courage the stoutest and most courageous heart.
How often will he have cause to deplore the fatal

"acilities placed within his reach, when young and

inexperienced, and just emancipated from a school,
he was proud to call himself a " college man," and to
inscribe his name in the ledgers of the civil and ac-
commodating tradesmen who pressed their goads upon
his acceptance !
The advocates of the existing system contend that
the evil is irremediable ; that the tradesmen have no
means of ascertaining the position and prospects of
tIYAr customers, and that they might as well shut up
shop at once as refuse a certain amount of credit to
matriculated students. 'We dissent toto cceo from
these assertions. There is probably no part of the
United Kingdom in which the contracting of liabilities
of any description could be so efficiently suppressed,
or in which the tradesmen have a better opportunity
of discovering how far they are justified in granting
the required indulgence. The ordinances of the
authorities are binding not only on all students in
statu pupillari, but also on all persons trading or even
residing within their jurisdiction. Any regulations
which they may please to promulgate can readily be
enforced. If they declare that a full statement of
every debt contracted by students should be returned
to each college at the conclusion of each term, and
that the same should be liquidated, together
with all college charges, before the conclusion of
the following terms, the matter would be placed on
the most satisfactory footing. No parent could

. _
desire that his child should have the opportunity of
contracting almost unlimited debts ; his object in
sending his son to the University is that he should
complete his education, and obtain a degree to qualify
him for the practice of any of the learned professions;
it is not that he should amuse himself, or acquire a
taste for expensive pleasures; or, above all, that he
should become insensible to the evils and degradation
of debt. An indifference to the amount of liabilities,
a carelessness as to the demand of "duns," are,
perhaps, amongst the worst habits that a young man
can fall into in the beginning of life. We doubt
not that ninety-nine out of a hundred fathers
and guardians would rejoice that the most stringent
rules should be established, absolutely forbidding a
student to receive, or a tradesman to grant, credit,
under any circumstances whatever. The allowances
usually made are calculated to cover the expenses of
every description whatsoever incidental to under-
graduates, and if goods are required *without
payment, it is only that the money actually
handed over to the student may be applied to other
purposes, which would not prove very satisfactory to
the parents or creditable to the children.
It is, however, with the University authorities that
the reform should originate. The tradesmen may do
much by proper arrangements amongst themselves,
but there are always to be found black sheep in every
large flock, and there will be some who, for their own
private purposes, will readily infringe the regulations
entered into for the general advantage. Such
a course might seem an undue interference
with the actions of the high-spirited youth who
resort to these classic grounds, but they will subse-
quently rejoice at the wise and salutary precautions
that preserved them from the ruinous and degrading
consequences of youthful folly and recklessness.
It is absurd to say that credit is or can be restricted
to mere necessaries. The system must be totally
abolished, or at least limited to a single term, or it
will still flourish in rank luxuriance. Take the
instance of the unfortunate debtor whose case was
brought before the public on Tuesday last. In
his schedule are to be found the names
of no less than eight tailors, whose united claims
amounted to no less than 2431. There are in addi-
tions, hosiers, 981; wine-merchants, 1301.; chemist,
561.; surgeon, 48/. ; confectionary, 24/. ; jewellery,
60/. ; watch, chain, and ring, 25/. ; ditto, ditto, 20/ ;
guitar and music, 24/. ; cigars, 26/. 11s. ; and hair-
cutting, 15/. Bs. Bd., of which Si. 13s. was incurred
in 1848. We have heard of certain classic retreats
in the vicinity of the metropolis, at Brixton, Tuthill-
fields, Coldbath-fields, Gil spur-street, So., where
a close•cut head is considered indispensable
by the presiding
hair-cutting that would, at a
certainly never heard of
a
authorities, but we have
reasonable
quantityr a t e
oo
ff
I remuneration to the operator, amount to 81. 13s.
in a single year. At a shilling
young gentleman must have been operated on no
less than one hundred and
seventy-three times in the
course of the twelve months, which, considering the
time when his presence was not required, would
nearly amount to a hair-cutting per diem.' Verily,
if the same care was devoted to the cultivation of the

interior that there was to the exterior of his bead,
his learning must indeed be profound I

F 1 NCH 1E P ÜBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.

The discussion on the validity of the election of
Guadaloupe occupied the Assembly during the whole
of the sitting of Wednesday, and terminated in a de-
cision declaring the election void. The dis-
cussion of the Roman question has, therefore, been
postponed for twenty-four hours, and every effort has
been made to bring about a reconciliation between
M. TRIERS and the PRESIDENT. These endeavours
have been so far successful, that it is expected no open
breach will arise in consequence of the discussion of
this question. A Cabinet Council was held at the
Elysee on Wednesday, and the PRESIDENT consented
to postpone the publication of his letter to M.
ODILON BARROT, although he declared that he still
maintained the sentiments expressed therein. During
the course of the day the British Ambassador had
several conferences with the PRESIDENT of the
Republic.
La Patrie contains the following paragraph :
" To-morrow, at the opening of the Legislative As-
sembly, the Government will explain the course pursued
in the negotiations relating to the enirs of Rome, and
communicate their acts and their ulterior proceedings.
It was mentioned at the Assembly;that au Aide-de-camp
of the Emperor of Russia had arrived in Paris, and that
he had slighted at the Russian Embassy."

1 he Evenement says—
We are assured that the Council of Ministers has
resolved to bring forward its programme of foreign
policy, which is in accord with the letter of the Presi
deist, and that an order of the thy will be moved by the
Ministry, amounting to a vote of confidence."
The same paper says—

" The President of the R2pub:ic has consented not to
insert in the Moniteur the note of which we have spoken,
in order not to complicate the Ministerial question. It
was on the intervention of M. Odifon Barrot and Gene-
ral Changarnier that he withdrew this note, which M.
Ferdinand Barrot, his Secretary-General, Isad been
ordered to send to the Moniteur. The President has
formerly declared that, in withdrawing the note, he
wished it to be understood, that he did not intend to
mo lily his policy.
" An Aide-de-camp of the Emperor of Russia has ar-
rived at the Hotel of the Russian Embassy.
The Patrie of yesterday evening says—
"A favourable crisis declared itself yesterday evening
in the state of health of M. de Falloux. The fever has
again ceased, and the physicians have hopes of a
perfect cure, if M. de Falloux will consent to absolute
repose, which his friends are requested not to disturb, by
abstaining for the moment from all correspondence."

The High Court at Versailles was on Wednesday
the scene of a perfect tumult. One of the witnesses, a
lieutenant of Gendarmerie, named PETIT, was, during
the course of his cross-examination, asked by Colonel
GUINARD, one of the accused, whether he had not
seen an officer of Gendarmerie thrust his sword into
the breast of one of the persons who formed the pro-
cession, and who advanced towards the troops un-
armed, and with his breast open, as if for the purpose
of parley or surrender. PETIT replied that he himself
it was who had stabbed the unarmed man, where-
upon all the accused rose and denounced him as a
coward, and M. THOURET, one of the counsel, de-
clared he was unworthy of the epaulettes he wore.
A violent scene of mutual recrimination

As soon as the sitting was resumed, M. Mathieu
de la Droume addressed the Assembly. He said he I
was one of those who had witnessed with pain the
expedition to Rome. He was one of those who had
predicted that the honour of France would be com-
promised : and yet both the report of M. Thiers and
the speech of the Minister for Foreign Affairs had
outdone all his previsions. Never could
ha have thought that after all the promises
that had been made, a Minister would have dared
to come forward and make such a speech as they
had just heard. Hungary had fallen. Lombardy
had fallen, and yet the Minister of the Republic had
not a word of blame or reproach for any but
the peoples who had fallen in their heroic
struggles. But the peoples would rise again, and
then what would be their feelings towards
France? He then proceeded to attack the new-
fangled devote who had shown such fervour in the
cause of Catholicism, to which they were formerly
indifferent or hostile. Yes, those men who for 20
years had nothing but sarcasms in their mouths
towards Catholicism were now smitten with extra-
' ordinary love for Rome.—(Cheers.) He asked
what could be their motives? for surely piety did
not rank amongst them. They were repelled by the
clergy of Rome, detested by the people of Rome, and
become the laughing-stock of Europe.--(Cheers.)
The expedition to Civita Vecchia was not directed
against the Roman Republic. They had declared
so over and over again. It was no light thing
for a Minister to deceive an Assembly, but it
was worse again to deceive a foreign people. They
had promised the Roman people to allow them to
choose freely their own Government, and yet had they
done so ? No, they put down the Republic, and
that was the true object of their expedition, and not,
as they pretended, to restore the Pope. It was only
after the Legitimists and Orleanists began their in-
trigues that they thought of restoring the Pope.
Now they wanted to get out of their difficulties, for
they could not incur the cost, responsibility, and
danger of a prolonged occupation of Rome, and hence
the way they were now trying to shuffle out of their
difficulties; but he protested, in the name of his
political friends, against a line of conduct so dis-
honouring to France.—(Great movement, and cries
of " Yes, we all protest.") In the course of his
observations M. Mathieu declared that M. Thiers had
said that the election of Louis Bonaparte would be
disgraceful to France.
M. Thiers—l never said so.

followed, PETIT abusing the prisoners, arid the Pro-
cureur-General demanding their expulsion, and that
the trial should proceed without them. The Judges
at length decided that as the incident was unpreme-
ditated, and as all parties had been alike guilty of
violence, the incident should be passed over.
M. BOURDIN has been elected for the Seine Infe-
rieure, in the room of M. GIRAUDIN, deceased, and
M. ANTOINE BONAPARTE, cousin of the PRESIDENT,
has been returned for the department of the Yonne,
in the room of M. Roasar ;. the latter gentleman
was a Socialist.
The Aide-de-camp of the Emperor of RUSSIA,
who arrived on Wednesday, had yesterday an inter-
view with M. DE TOCQUEVILLE. He was accompa•
(lied by M. KISSELEFF, and was, it is said, instructed
by the EMPEROR to declare that he should consider the
entrance of the French fleet into the Dardanelles
as a declaration of war against Russia.
It is said that the Cabinet and M. Mints have
come to an understanding on the Roman question.
The Assembly met yesterday at one o'clock, and
the debate on the affairs of Rome was immediately
commenced by M. de Tocqueville, the Minister for
Foreign Affairs. He began by saying that he would
confine himself to a statement of what had taken place
from the period of the taking of Rome. He saw no
necessity for taking up the subject from a period
prior to that event, or for provoking retrospective
discussions. He would begin by assuming that they
were all unanimous on one point—they all desired
the restoration of the rope.—(Shouts of " No,
no, from the Mountain.) Had he been
allowed to complete his sentence his mean-
ing would have been understood. What he
meant to say was, that all vi ho had voted for
the expedition to Rome did so with the wish of seeing
the Pope restored.—(Repeated cries of " No, no.")
Ii knew that those who voted egainst the expedi-
tion had no such wish, so that there need be no mis-
apprehension.
The President observed that if there were such in-

M. Bixio—l heard the words.—(Great agitation.)
M. Mathieu went on to show how the expedition had
been used for the sake of forwarding party interests,
and concluded with a vehement protest against the
report of M. Thiers, so servilely followed by the
Minister.
M. de la Roiiere went into an elaborate review of

the history and influence of the Papacy, for the
purpose of showing the services it had rendered, as
an institution, to the cause of civilization by oppo-
sing the principle of authority to the advance of de
mocracy, and also for showing that its existence was
still necessary to true liberty in the world, and parti-
cularly to the independence of Italy.
The debate had not concluded when the post left.

terruptions the debate would never be brought to a
close, in proof of which he read a long list of names of
orators who intended to speak.
M. de Tocqueville proceeded. They wished, he
would repeat, the restoration of the Pope attended
with liberal conditions.—(bear, hear.) Such was,
then, their starting point. The conditions to which
he alluded formed the object of the acts and
negotiations of the Government. Now, he would
say that, not only did those who voted for '
the expedition desire the restoration of the
Pope, but such was equally the desire of the immense
majority of the people of the Roman States.—(Leud
denials from the Left.) The Government having
resolved upon an act equally desired by France and
by the Roman people, never did intend that the will
of the Pope should be submitted to coercion—never.—
(Much disapprobation.) For more than one reason
such conduct could not be justified. They could not
coerce the will of a sovereign who, besides his temporal
rank, was the supreme head and pontiff of the Catholic
Church.--(Renewed disapprobation.) The right
which they had and which they exercised was, that of
employing a legitimately acquired influence for the
purpose of inducing him to accord liberal institutions,
such as should be conformable to reason and good
sense, and suitable to the circumstances of the time.
The Minister then, for the purpose of showing
that the Government had never wavered in its
views, read a long dispatch of the 19th of August, to
Messrs. de Corcelles and de Rayneval, in which was
indicated the general character of the reforms which
it would be advisable for the Pope to accord. Having
read this dispatch, he referred to the letters of the
President of the Republic, for the purpose of showing
that the conditions laid down by the President were
in strict conformity with the eli,patch he had just
read, and of which it might be truly considered a
succinct summary. It was, therefore, not true that
the President had done anything which was not in
perfect accordance with the Cabinet, and they, there-
fore, were ready to sustain that letter. Having shown
what were the views of the Government, he had then
to come to the proprio motu of the Pope, which had not
realised their expectations.—(Laughter on the Left.)
If it had not realised their hopes, yet it did meet a
great part of them. If it did not contain the conces-
sions asked in their full developemen to, it yet possessed
the germs of all they wanted.—(Renewed laughter.)
They demanded civil reform and judicial reform—
well, both were promised.— (Laughter.) Yes, but
there was something more than promises, for what
else had they demanded ? They had called for
municipal liberty. It was given. They had called
for provincial liberty. It was given. Thus two
important items were actually fulfilled, and the others
promised.
The member then read a dispatch which
had been forwarded since the proprio mote, showing
how far the Government was satisfied, and recom-
mending further concession. To show how the inten-
tions of Government had been fulfilled, the Minister
read the instructions that had been forwarded to
General Oudinot on the taking of Rome, and which
were, that he should cause a general disarm anent, send
away strangers, and then form a liberal and moderate
constitutional party.
A Voice—What did you do with the Constituent
Assembly ?—(Movement.)
Well, these strangers were sent away, and we faci-
litated the ecoulement of these men.—(Laughter.) It
was their duty to do so, for these men had by their
conduct ruined the cause of liberty.—(Much- inter-
ruptien ) The Minister then read a dispatch, in
which the Government recommended a more enlarged
amnesty, and he proceeded to say that France had,
in all these transactions, performed a great part.—
(Cries of " No, no.") The Roman revolution had
commenced by violence.
M. Testclin—You lie.—(lmmense confusion.)
The President called on the secretaries to take a
note of the insult that had been offered, and to re-
cord that the offender had been reprimanded and called
to order.
M. de Tocqueville—Yes, he would repeat, not-
withstanding the improper character of the interrup-
tion, that the Roman revolution had begun with vio•
lance and assassination, and France, in relieving
Rome from such rabble, had merited the blessing
of heaven. He had now exposed the acts and
thoughts of the Government, and he would leave his
statement confidently to the judgment of the As-
sembly.
The sitting was then suspended, and for a con-
siderable time the members became engaged in ani-
mated conversation. It was generally recognised
that there was no difference whatever between the
Ministry and M. Thiers, and consequently no Minis-
terial crisis.