The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-31 00:00:00

v
LON ON, FRIDAY rairiaW , 71.
,"
• 1. LA
- AUGUST" 31, 1849.

CONTENTS:--

Eritl

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iUNDAYS.

Fur-
fleet

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hithe. I

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vile.

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THE DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE
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THE BANKRUPT LAWS CONSOLIDA-
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By A BARRISTER.

Tliig is the most imporfant-Act connected with the laws that has
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s, BLANCHE and LISETTE," the new Ballad
by the Author and Composer of" Jeannette and Jeannot."
Miss Poole introduced a new Ballad, "Blanche and Lisette," by Glover:,
It .s an excellent song, and was well sung. Some three years ago
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right : wherever the English language is spoken there the " Jean-
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BT ROYAL LETfEIiS PATENT.
FUNERAL FINANCIAL R •
•
EFORM practi-
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vehicle.

The decided utility and economic convenience of this carriage is
manifested by universal approval.

The earnest attention of drapers, hotel-keepers, coach proprietors,
and undertakers in country districts is invited to these vehicles, as
particularly adapted for provincial towns

Price, with velvets, pole and shafts, and patent axles, 150/.
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purchasers be the patentee, for a moderate consideration, regulated
by the population, for any place where they arc not already esta-
blished.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
CHRONICLE.—IIeaIIv the Protectionists are
vastly to be pitied. " Happy " and " miserable" are
purely relative terms, and, as regards individuals, are
to be applied according to the particular. standard of
happiness or misery which they adopt. Now it is
one of the idiosyncrasies of the Protectionists to
make scarcity their good, and plenty their evil.
There are many inconveniencies, indeed, in rever,,ing
the ordinary meaning of terms employed upon man-
kind; but if any set of men should insist on calling
four two, and two four, you must consent, in dealing
with them, to adinit that four times four is two.
Proceeding on this
principle of humouring the o Idi-
ties of our whimsical friends, we have no hesitation in
admitting that the present conjuncture is one of pro
found distress and absolute ruin.

" The good min strogOing with the s'orms of Etc,
And greatly falling with a falling state,"
is nothing to the melancholy spectacle of a Protec-
tionist battling with plenty in all its hideous forms ;
for, not merely in the increase of the necessaries and
conveniences of life, but in every imaginable form of
cheapness and abundance, this multitudinous foe
is perpetually starting forth from places
where it was least expected. Indeed there is
no hope for the Country Party ; the Philistines are
upon them ; abundance has penetrated into their very
tents ; in front, rear, and flank, a horrid prosperity
assails them. To us, who are habituated to the ordi-
nary phraseology which calls abundance a good and
scarcity an evil, it is not a little entertaining to find a
Protectionist contemporary complaining, in the bit-
terest term, of the disastrous consequences of free-
trade, which has produced, he says, not only " an
enormous increase of imports, but a plethora of bullion
in the Bank, and an unnatural height of the Three
per Ceots." We remember a caricature of Gilray's,
in which John Bull is exhibitedsin the act of opening
a sal t -box, and,*:iigh alt with ' pcitililigspirlit:Seeiag
Pitt starting out of ilt with a it Oiplar„fV,ej4iiiites,
" What here too! "r Now;, esityecrestesetheesfitife
feeling of repugnance and disgikt itethe wised of; the
Protectionist which taxation doe% irithat dean oc•dis
nary mortal. We are not, therefir‘-surprisedeto 'tol,,
these gentlemen exclaiming witssWft' rror, 'eft,Ne itig/
the weekly increase of bullion ire the `" Bissik, iss,.
wt
here too ! "rhey had always courittkitto a McieriCk i's`i.
"drain" of gold as their little Zoar,laric they iiii*
wr
retreat in their last necessity. Va Vevys ' when the
tremendous hour of abundance h' AriVeValnfl, 0(4.;
are driven from argument to argu flhy ittAdvaincee
they find even their city of refu - ocapied-Aby the
t
enemy. They had always comfort ,theassaelies with,
saying—" Never mind if importiOdO increased—we ~
shall at least be compensated by alacarei-eof;;gold.,"
But, astounding fact ! imports havp,oene-aektsusYyl id?
creased, and the stock of gold has bee lickoclimlniehingh
but steadily augmenting. A resfilttftitutal- enoth;-
however, and perfectly intelligible ,c who are ofs,
like the Protectionist writers, utter:igiiiatit7Offthe'
first principles of commerce.. 771 - * trued • .4,: i this,
philosophers ef 0 crCountry Party# lassimasig,otst-,a
miserable, existepce,. on the exeil ' cl,fallacies'ond
refuted., erinfe ' 'of ,a century ba4li. :, illyty's have lieen,
occupied lately in the dreary tasii‘f4tedeavotirinkto
enlighten them on the subject oft the- bAince of
tra le. The village schoolmasteses its i no eldtibta
weary employment, hut it is notitheiless neces4ary'
so long as there are dull boys -wlso- will-1160r
learn that twice two makes fot:ii:. ;We-too, must'
stick to our toilsome businessaorhilit I we - con-
tinue to find men so ignorant 4:'a's..obtnie as to
deny that a trade must be necessarily ruinous' which
does not always return a much .;tiger value in the
shape of imports than it sends out inse4orts. ~ What," ,
say they, "export fifty millions.: and import ninety
millions ! You must have a nistional, bankruptcy.
It is unnecessary to dwell any longer,on the argument
that, if the balance of trade were? not "against" .use
there could be no exportation at aille because it would
be worth no one's while to export leStit we may, al,
lege the case of America (as obvious facts are more
suited to the capacity of our scholars.: than logical
reasoning), to show them that Olectintstry may haVe
had for a numb n- of Years a great preponderance of:
imports over exports, and yet not be ..entirely ruined.
The errors of these writers, in this as in other cases,
arise from a want of apprehensitin of some most
simple truths with which every well informed school.
boy is now familiar. They have never divested
themselves of the old fallacy that wealth consists in
hard money. It is nothing to them to get a comfort-
able coat if it has not gilt buttons on it. If they
could once learn that it is labour, and labour
only, that ultimately napstitutes wealth, we should
be saved many dull speecEes -ilia dulrer parri-plikts.
Taking this simple truth for our guide, the effects of
an extensive importation upon the industry of the
country will be obvious. If we exchange goods
which are worth 1,0001. for goods which are worth
2,000/ when they are brought back to our markets,
what does the difference of price mean bat this—that,
in exchange for one hour of labour, we have got that
which it would have cost us two hours or more to
make ourselves ? Now suppose (quod Dii aver
runcent) that the sages of Protectionism had the
power, as they have the wish, to exclude all importa-
tion—then, in order to obtain the same quantity of
commodities which we at present receive from abroad,
we should require at least twice the quantity of labour
to be expended on them—i.e., the people of this coun-
try would have to do twice as much work in order to
get an equal amount of wealth. Here, then, is the
first benefit of importation—it sets free an enormous
quantity of labour which would otherwise
have been unprofitably wasted, and admits of its
being devoted to employments which will in like
manner purchase the produce of a larger amount of
labour than has been expended. And this would be
true whatever were the nature of the imports
—so long as these are of greater value than
the exports, we have economised by the exchange
so many hours of labour. The least advan-
tageous case would be if the imports were
of such a character as to add nothing to the stock
from which labourers are supported —i. e., if they were
articles of unproductive consumption. But there is
another class of imports which not only economises
labour, but increases the capital stock from which the
labourers are maintainwl. And it is this class of im-
ports, almost exclusively, which Free trade has
opened to us. A Protectionist cont..mporary very
simply exclaims—" We are richer, doubtless, through
this large accumulation of commodities ; but has this
import provided maintenance and support to the popu-
lation?' Now, what is the meaning of accumulation
of commodities ? Where have they been heaped
up, and where era they kept ? Somebody must
have benefited by them ; or do the Protectionists
imagine that there is some great pit in 'Manchester
into which they are thrown, without being ever paid
for or consumed? But look at the items of our 90
millions of imports—and then see whether they can
have merely accumulated, and whether they have not
contributed to the maintenance and support of the
population. First, we have 32,500,0001. of articles of
consumption for the year 1848. Does anybody pre-
tend that the highest protective duties could have
made this country produce, in the year 1848,
32,500,000/. of consumable articles more than it did ?
If not, then here you have a clear addition of
32,500,000/. to the stock by which labour is main-
tained; and, that there may be no doubt that
additional labour actually was maintained by this
stock, we have this other item of imports—viz.,
48,400,0001. of raw materials to be worked up by
that additional labour, and to make the case com-
plete, we have a large increase of imports this year,
which is the payment for the increased
production of last year, and which will in ifs turn
maintain a larger number of labourers next year.
Such is the simple and beneficial process by which
an unrestricted commerce provides for the necessities
of a growing population. Can there be folly more
gross than to assert, in the teeth of such facts, that a
large importation is detrimental to home industry ?
But the benefits of a just and sound commercial
system are as multiform as are the evils of an
erroneous one. The importation of articles of con-
sumption not only directly increases the means
of maintaining labourers, but, by diminishing the
cost of pro luction, it also lowers the price in the
home market of all articles which the consumer
requires ; so that, with the same amount of what is
called the " effective desire of accumulation," each
man can save more than he otherwise could, and a
much larger capital is amassed for the maintenance
of future industry. And, moreover, the abundance
of support for labourers, produced by a large impor-
tation of consumable articles, opens a great many
fields of industry, which would otherwise have
been closed—because, when the food of the labourer
is cheap, it is worth while to employ him in many
trades which, when food is dear, would not be remu-
nerative. This is no doubt the true account of the
large increase in the importation of raw silk. A
low price of provisions enables us to weave silk at such
a price as to compete with the foreigner, which we
could never do while the food of the labourer was
dear. These are but a tithe of the points of view in
which a large import trade may be shown to he
among the chief promoters of domestic industry.
The foolish attempt to create a feeling against it is
a sign either of interested blindness, or of hopless
stupidity.
TIM ES.—The complaints often made respscting
the small encouragement given to literature in this
country are to a great extent founded on truth,

although it may, we believe, at the same time be said
that, with the exception of ribands, titles, and official
station, the literary men of England are not behind
their brethren in general advantage of position. The
f:ct is that the best patron, in the long run, is the
public. No courtly or ministerial favour could be
halt so productive to a deserving suitor as the itnpar-
ti3l discernment of Paternoster. row. Nor is this
otherwise, than as it should be. Such remunerations
and acknowledgments are infinitely more to the tote
of a roan of letters than the gifts of patronage, how•
ever lavish or however graciously bestowed. Still,
there do occur cases in which the due hire of the la-
bourer is not forthcoming. Of these the most conspi-
cuous is that in which the subject selected by the writer
for especial study is less le pular than useful—more cal-
culated, in short, to benefit posterity and mankind than
to attract the notice and the tribute of an existing
generation. That such an author should be recoin-
;sensed for his trials by some national acknowledg-
ment, is what no one would deny. In other cases,
either the misfortunes to which all are liable, or the
calamities peculiarly incidental to the pursuits in
question, may have induced privations and distress. It
is not every author, who, like Prescott, can write
when he is blind, or who, like Walter Scott, can
dauntlessly make head against overwhelming obliga-
tions. In such instances there appears a manifest
propriety in some public acknowledgment of public ser-
vices ; but for such occasions the Civil List is the only
resource beyond the tardy justice or capricious gene-
rosity of individuals. It is clear, however, that in
proportion as this fund is circumscribed and
burdened should the assignments upon it be
judicious and impartial. Our readers are
well aware that literature is not exclu
sively privileged in its prescriptive demands upon this
store. Services of all kinds, scientific, commercial,
philanthropic, military, and philosophical, are regis-
tered and rewarded in. the pension list, but such
embarrassments should only induce a greater caution
in proportioning the liquidation of claims. We do not
of course overlook the peculiar character of the fund ;
but whatever may be the idea theoretically attached
to the botinty of Royalty, it is commonly understood
ennorei the people of this country that such pensicns are
adjudged, like other offices and appointments, upon the
reeponsihle advice of the Minister, and they are accord-
irreely. 9held th' betoken the appreciation which has
been-set' tiptni:the services of the candidate by corn-
sptterip tiellAinpartial judges. In this view, therefore,
elfey"faVlnitimately under the scrutiny of the
AttNiefiCerdette this scrutiny we now submit a case
hailleeti recently brought under our observe-
,
VeieeKeightley will be known to most of our
,yeBltrsPid-th:6 popular and successful author of many
eeletilieistaiyeeitorks. He has given an attractive and
AiisiCesiblee form to the histories of Greece, Rome,
./togGnd, and India; he has condensed and
sitbplifie(Pthe most familiar of the ancient mytholo-
`„gi4s %and I& constructed some easy editions of the
elailahleivelters in greatest request. We do not
prerenet "'scribe such publications to the highest
order of i lect, but it would be very erroneous to
suppheee no scholarship or aptitude is required
Or The essionessful compilation of rudimentary treatises.
•111Ixeinteif-fact, the performance of such tasks de
Mai ds:.ihe hand of a master, and if the subject can-
tioe•filsiarys command such ability it is because the
•
recompense seldom bears any adt quate proportion to
ehl'stoil..• Mr. Keightley, however, is shown to have
'ceded in his attempts by the reception which
e*tlfet4n to his series of publications. Many of
theme have reached their fifth or sixth edition ;
ana4billegeneral employment in the junior classes of
wall (*ducted schools is a sufficient testimony to the
authoies-egrvices in the all-important cause of educa-
tions, Under these circumstances, and with the ad-
ditionabolaims of advancing years and unexpected
misfaittrilts, Mr. Keightley preferred his suit to the
Xlinisteiilared his representations were seconded by
a'aue4rOilltnation of that personal influence, without
which;-iis this free and enlightened country, no claims
are permitted to pass current. The result was a
proffer of 801. per annum—a stipend so wholly un•
equal to his necessities, and, as it was conceived, so
disproportioned to his services, that he resolved on
declining it. Without touching on the prudence of
this determination, we are prepared to admit that
a case of injustice is fairly to be made out by
the only test practically applicable to such questions
a comparison of the treatment experienced by
ethers. It is an invidious argument to be driven to,
nor have we any wish in advocating one cause to
depreciate another; but, surely, if Lady Morgan's
literary claims on the consideration of the Govern-
- merit are--jlistly represented by an- annuity of 300/-
per annum, Mr. .Keightley's could not have been
adequately acknowledged by one of 801. We do not
pretend to strike any balance of intellectual merit
between the parties, but it the services respectively
rendered to the country by each are carefully
weighed—and such is surely a proper method of
forming an estimate—it seems to us absolutely
impossible that the decision should not be very
peremptorily in favour of Mr. Keightley. His works
have been numerous and on the most useful subjects.
They have established their own reputation and
footing in the best schools, and one of them, we be
lieve, was undertaken upon the recommendation o
the late Dr. Arnold, who judged that Mr. Keightley
was the writer be.t calculated to convey information
on an historical subject very little known. Nearly
100,000 copies of these rudimentary works have
been published in this country alone, and they have
been largely circulated by reprints in America
and translations on the continent. It may
naturally be asked why, with such a demand for
his productions, Mr. Keightley should have been
compelled to solicit the extraordinary consideration
of Government; but we are informed that the
explanation of this circumstance involves no confession
beyond that of misfortune. So much, indeed, is
evident on the first aspect of the case; for if Mr.
Keightley had been in any way disqualified for the
receipt of the Royal bounty, his claims of course
could neither have been recommended by his friends
nor even thus partially recognised by the Minister.
It is not a pleasant necessity to a man of letters
to stoop to any solicitation at all, and still less is it
agreeable to substitute the importunity of a public
protest for the privacy of personal representations.
But Mr. Keightley's duties are, unfortunately, not
limited by considerations for his own maintenance
in impending poverty and advancing age. He has a
large and a helpless family, and is further distressed
by those embarrassing obligations which multiply
themselves with such terrible rapidity after the first
moments of misfortune. It is upon these considera-
tions that he relies for the promotion of claims, of
themselves justly entitled to prompt and favourable
notice. He conceives that he is honourably qualified
by his past services for the receipt of that recompense
which prescription and example have combined to
assure to all who deserve it, and he feels besides, not
unnaturally, that the pressure of undeserved calami-
ties should be taken to add something to the urgency
of his claims.

THE ABIHT.—A detachment of the 831 Foot ar-
rived at Bombay on the 26th of June, in the ship Ursula.
The detachment consists of 1 captain, 2 subalterns, 3
sergeants, 1 drummer, 3 corporals, 64 privates, 8 women,
and 14 children; total, 96. The detachment immedi-
ately proceeded to the head- quarters et Poonah. Two
other detachments of the same regiments have also ar-
rivt d at Bombay in the Earl of Bulcarras and Mermaid.
The detachment in the former vessel consisted of 1 lieu-
tenant, 1 ensign, 1 assistant-surgeon, 3 sergeants, 1
drummer, 79 rank and file, 8 women and 8 children;
total, 94; and in the Mermaid, 1 field officer, 1 captain,
1 lieutenant, 1 ensign, 1 assistant-surgeon, 7 sergeants.
3 drummers, 174 rank and file, 19 women, and 18 chil-
dren; total, 226. A detachment of the 64th arrived in
the Earl of Balcarras with the above, consisting of 1
field officer, 2 captains, 7 subalterns, 12 sergeants, 2
drummers, 242 rank and file, 20 women, and 44
children; total, 340; all of which have joined the head-
quarters.

The death of Albert Gallatin, in the 89th year of
his age, is announced in the last accounts from New
York. He was a native of Geneva, Switzerland. He
emigrated to the United States in 1781, repaired to
Maine, and was a volunteer in the American army. For
a short time he taught French in the Ilarvard Univer-
sity. He removed to Virginia, engaged in business,
negaired property, and was eventually settled in Con-
gress. •
RAILWAY PARCELS.—One of the longest answers
ever lodged in Chancery since the remarkable case of
"Small v. Attwood," has just been filed, in answer to a
bill of great length filed by a leading railway company
against a carrier in Black'riars, who had brought actions
against the company to recover for lost parcels, and to
try the validity of the charges made to the extent of
about 2001. The answer occupied seventy-three skins of
parchment of the largest size.
EXCURSION TRAINS.—The railway company con-
tinue their cheap Sunday excursion trains from London.
The number of persona who availed themselves of this
great convenience on Sunday was 1,300 They were
brought in two trains, one of 24. the other of 19 car-
riages. Of excurtionists from Brighton the numbers
were—to Hasseek's-gate, 112; to Burgess-hill, 36; and
to Hayward's Heath, 43. The weather was delightfully
fine during the whole day. On Monday from 150 to 200
availed themselves of the excursion tickets issued for
cv iennagpll'aetvi emu: ey
shortly,i
probably the loth or I Ith September, from
wea nhde a lir
, "ttos mhTveme u 2:n excursion Castles.
Brighton to Portsmouth, thereby giving the opportunity
of visiting the Isle of Wight.—Bsightun Guaidiun.

LORD BROUGHAM ON AGRI-
CULTURE.

PENRITH, THURSDAY MORNING.—The anniversary
of the Cuinberland and Westmoreland Agricultural So-
ciety was celebrated here last evening.
After amost excellent show of agricultural stock,
produce, and implements. Lord Broughian presided at
the dinner, %% hie': took place in a marquee erected in the
immediate viciei:y of the Crown Hotel. Cetera were
lai I for 350, atming wlu m we observe I the Earl of Lona-
dale, patron of the society and Lord. Lieutenant of the
cola:Ay, Lard Andover, the High-Sheriff for Cumb,rland,
Mr. .1. P. Senhouse, vice-president, Mr. Mar hall, M.P.,
the Hon. Colonel Lowther, M.P., Mr. H. Lowther,
NI.P., the Hon. C. H. Howard, M.P., Mr. E. Stanley,
M P., Mr. W. N. Hodgson, M.P., and many other
gentleman of local influence.
In giving the first Oast the Nobl© and teemed
CHAIRMAN 511, it was quite unnecessary to preface such
a propos4l with any obs-rvations for the purpose of re-
commeticling it; but ho could not avoid stating the
infinite gratification he bad derived from seeing that
aii
her Majesty, on her late visit to the sister kingdom of
Ireland, had been recived wfftheero such unanimous
un-
divided sentiments of loyal et, r tahnadt no ;
one single word had been mentioned either of Repeal
or 'any other subject which coull divide the
people of that very loyal part of the Queen's dominions.
—(Chters.) The Irish were a most amiable, a most
warm-hearted people. Their habit was to give way to
impulse; but in this case impulse had been consistent
with principle and reason, which made it much more
respectable. He remembered their impulse in 1821, when
the Queen's royal uncle went over, was to carry him on
shore upon their backs and to subscribe a palace fur him.
He was glad they did not practise such foolery now; he
was glad on their own account, because it made their
loyal and respectful demeanour towards her Majesty
more valuable in his eyes, and he had no doubt in hers,
for her Majesty was a person of acute mind, and she was
none the worse, fur she never would have got a palace if
they had subscribed.—(A laugh.) He inquired after-
wards, and found there never had been-a farthing Sub-
scribed for &palace to George IV.—(A laugh.) It was
gratifying to find that all faction and all wrongheaded
notions were put down, and that her Majesty was re-
ceived as she would be in every part of her dominions,
with the respectful loyalty of faithful subjects, and with
the gratitude which rational men owed to a Sovereign
who upon all occasions acted on the true principles of our
Constitution, and whose private life was as bright an
example as her public life was constitutional.
The toast was received with all the honours.

The health of " His Royal Highness Prince Albert,
the Prince of -Wales, and the rest of the Royal Family,"
followed, amidst much cheering.
Lord BROUUHAM, in proposing " Our Gallant De-
fenders in the-Army and Navy," observed that there was
no person °tic of the Society of Friends, and not many in
that respectable and excellent body, who had a greater
horror of war than he had. He held it in absolute,
utter, and irreconcilable abhorrence.—(Cheers.) He
regarded: it as the greatest of all evils; but, unfortu-
nately, as men were constituted, it was a necessary evil.
They could net help it. It was not necessary that there
.hould be war; but as long as there was war, it was 'ab •
solutely necessary that there should be the means of
self-defence.—(Cheers.) There were two ways of pre-
venting war—one by preaching in favour of peace, in
great meetings as they were called in this country, or
congresses as they were termed by foreigners.—(A
laugh.) He had the greatest respect for those meetings.
and for the gentlemen who there displayed their love of
peace. Perhaps he should have more respect for some of
them if they had not displayed their love Of war at other
meetings in London; but probably they hid been con-
verted on their way scrois the Entlisli Channel.
His notion of preserving peace was to be prepared to
defend ourselves in war.—(Loud cheers) While man
was man they could not settle their disputes by arbitra-
'ion. No doubt grave. questions were oftenNettled' by
arbitration at law ; but there, parties were; beund to
submit. Suppose the doctrine were applied to nations,
Ind instead of defending, themselves by gallant officers,
brave soldiers, great' aehnirals, and captains-With ex-
cellent ships, they had-to,rely oft arbitration, this would
happen—au arbitrator would be appoined between us
and France, he might decide against France, and then
France would go to war with us—appealing to arms
against the award of the arbitrator.—(Cheers.) Charles
Fox had. justly said that no war was worth one-hun-
dredth part of the cost, even if successful ; its only 'de-
fence was that it might be absolutely necessary in de-
fence of national honour ; but how would he have
looked if he had lived to hear it seriously proposed that
armies should be disbanded, navies broken up, ships
placed in ordinary, the Admiralty and Horse Guards
abolished, and everything left to arbitration ?—(Cheers.)
He hal been invited tu'attend the Congress now sitting
in Paris, and he now gave his ens% er to the invite-
,ion. As long as wa had a gallant ,army and an invin-
cible navy there was no great risk of any nation being rash
enough to attack us, and that was a very good security
foryeace,-7 (Cheers.)

Colonel Low-rnprt, for the army, and Captain WARD-
ta IV, forlthe navy, returned thanks.

Lord Beouctiiat then, in a highly complimentary
speech, proposed the health of the Earl of Lonsdale pa-
iron of the society and Lord-Lieutenant of the county.
The Earl of LONSDA.LE returned thanks, drawing a
favourable contrast between the state of farming now
.end what it was 30 years ago. indicating the many im-
provements which had been eff, cted, and staiieg that he
romself had laid down a line of deep draining extending
300 miles. His Lordship was much cheered in the course
of his speech.
Lord BItoUGHAM then proposed, " The Health of the
High Sheriffs ot the two Counties." The High Sherifi
of Westmoreland was not present, but Mr. Hudleston,
the High-Sheriff for Cumberland, was, and they all
knew and respected him as a neighbour and a country
gentleman. Although he hoped he should not have to
exercise his functions in respect to any of them—(A
laugh)—he had no doubt, if required to do so, he would
execute his office with great mildness and discre-
tion.—(Much laughter.)
Mr. IlunLEsToN, in returning thanks, observed that
he had not only duties to perform connected with the
execution of the law in extreme cases, as had been hinted
by his Noble Friend; his functions were also brought into
play when county elections took place, and, as his Noble
Friend had made them merry at his expense, he would
be even with him. At one of their former agricultural
meetings in that town an incident occurred which would
no doubt be in the recollection of many present. During
the exhibition of stock two boars which bad bzen placed
in adjoining pens broke down the rail between them
and attacked e .ch other most ferociously. The one
came from Lowther, and the other was said to have come
trom Brougham.—(Roars of laughter.) Great was the
onslaught;—(Laughter)—shrill were the cries of the
combatants;—(Laughter)—loud the exclamations of the
spectators. "Go it, Brougham!" "At him again,
Lowther!"—(Laughter.) And bloody Has the field ere
the combatants could be separated.—(Laughter.) He
was sure he spoke the feelings of all members of the
Cumberland and Westmoreland Agricultural Society,
e hen he said he was delighted to see here present, cheek
by jowl, Lord Brougham and the Earl of Lonsdale—
the heads of the two houses of LoWther and Brougham,
harmoniously partaking of their hospitality. They were
much indelEed to them for their kindness and support.
The patronage of his Noble Friend, Lord Brougham,
had added most materially to the interest of the occasion,
as no doubt it did to the joviality of their assemblage.
The next toast proposed by the Noble Chairman was
" The health of the Bishop and Clergy of the diocese,"
which was acknowledged by the Rev. Dr. Bowstead.
Lord BROUGIIAM then rose, and said he had now to
propose, as the immediate business of the day, " Success
to the Cumberland and Westmoreland Agricultural
Society," whose great proceedings of the cattle show
had brought them this day together. He ought to ap-
proach such a subject as that, on which he was generally
spt eking so ill-informed, and of which he had really no
practical experience, with very great distrust of him-
self ; but, nevertheless, he could not help feeling that he
should ill discharge his duty as their president on that
occasion if he were altogether to repudiate the subject.
They were met certainly to avoid all allusion whatever
to political topics, and to unite in that which should
further one of the greatest interests of mankind—the
cultivation of the soil. His Noble Friend, the head of
the society, and Lord-Lieutenant of the county, had
set him the example of abstaining from any refer-
ence to disputed points, sueb as those connected with
the trade in provisions. He cheertully adopted the
principle, and would avoid the contested ground
altogether. He would also join him in hold-
iug this opinion—that whatever might be the effect of
the late very important change in the law and policy
ot this country with respect to the corn-trade, all men
must admit that its first tendency, whatever might be
its ultimate effects, was rather, upon the whole, be
would not say of a kind to press hard upon the pro-,
ducer of food, upon the tiller of the earth, upon the land-
lord or the tenant-farmer, but rather to stimulate
(or that was the moral he drew from it—to stimulate
him to all measures of improvement whareby he can
make his trade more profitable and his land monre_efp-
ductiee.—(Cheera.) He had the misfortune
to his
upon the corn-laws, as upon many subjectsothaenrde b was afraid
time, from his Noble Friend near films
had now the honour of addressing.
laws. He in and it
also great numbers of those friend
renew the discussion of le the c ovrenr-y
name of corn—al-
debated till he wasH,ne and
d neighbourso teao he
to
man might be of the word.—
eoot it as he could be during that
(mAosit"agsh7dlihensewovaeases-atasos sick
sufficient ly -deprecated session
tiresome an
to the labour it took in that House of
hhe was an unworthy member. God
irn the end it Viireldnbeevenro damagedenied
But, though
tao:olf:rrbliejBi parliament
eer°naswithnic liontifua:lwddocoridtre
landlord
thatwo the discussion now,
he e bad the misfortune to differ with many of them, he
that the immediate tendency would be of a kind
to press somewhat upon them. He never as-
serted, as many foolish and though le .s people
in the giddiness of the moment did, that repealing the
corn lass would make the loaf larger, or the price of the
loaf smaller. lie never maintained such a proposition—
he Lever could maintain such a proposition; it he had,
the evidence would have been against him every hour of
every day since. What its ultimate effects would be
was a very different question; but be never maintained.
that such would be its immediate effect any more than