The Sun.
London, England, 1822-09-21 00:00:00

the Battalion.

4. The Captain or Officer commanding the said Company, in
making annually a return of the men and transmitting it to the
Colonel, will also give a statement of the arms and accoutre-
ments, mentioning if there are any lost or broken, and bow that
has happened.
By Order of his Excellency the Governor-General and Corn-
mander,in-Chief, F. VASSAL DE MONVIEL,
Adjutant-General Militia Forces.

Died, on Sunday morning, aged 26, the Rev. Mr. Gauvreau,
Curate of Ste. Anne la Perade. His death was occasioned by
a fall in Church from the height of 14 feet, while arranging
something about the altar; he is rery generally regretted.—:
At Lorette yesterday evening, after a severe illness,
,Ensign
Bruns, half-pay 60th Regiment.
QuEnEc, JUNE 27.—We can state with certainty that Mr
Marryat has declined to act upon the nomination made by the
House of Assembly during last Session. Mr. Marryat has
been highly gratified by this mark of perfect confidence which
the House of Assembly have had in his• integrity and talents,
but he at the same time remarks that without the concurrence
of the three branches of our Legislature he could not commu-
nicate with the Colonial Department and his Majesty's Mini-
sters as an accredited agent; and would be unable to act with
that efficiency which the, situation demands.
The number of wild pigeons which have made their appear.
ance in this neighbourhood now exceeds any ether for many
years past. They are sold as low as 2d., and 4d. per dozen is
commonly asked for. The pigeons pass in numerous flocks
early in the morning, and afford great amusement to the sports.
men. Upwards of 100 persons, with guns, place themselves
on the heights outside of St. John's and St. Lewis Gates, and
during a few hours the whole air redounds with a close succes-
sion of discharges.
FinE.—The extensive building over the ire walk, the pro-
perty of Mr. Dalkin, together with apparatus and materials at-
tached to it, were entirely consumed by fire this afternoon. As
it was situated on the other side of the little river at Pointe aux
Prares, no useful assistance could be given. The chimney of
the walk was seen on fire some time before, and it is thought
the fire originated in that quarter. This was the only mannfac,
tory of the kind in the neighbourhood; it had been undertaken
at considerable expense and met with encouragement.
Died, at St. John's, in the District of Montreal, on Monday
last, William Lindsay, Esq., aged 82, many years Collector of
his Majesty's Customs at that Lindsay was a native
of Edinburgh, North Britain. lie followed the profession of a
Merchant in the City of London some years previous to his
arrival in this Country in 1773. During the blockade of Quebec
in 1775-6 by the American Forces, he here arms in the garrison
as a Militia Officer. He has been upwards of 40. years in the
Commission of the Peace, in the execution -of which his cha-
racter was distinguished as an upright and impartial Magis-
trate. In private life he was an affectionate husband and a kind
parent. A widow and four sops (three of whom are under age)
remain to lament his loss.

qUEBEC, ,JULY 4.—lt is the intention of the 'Colonial Go-
vernment to take a Census of the people in Lower Canada with-
out delay: this is to be carried into execution through the
medium of the Protestant and Catholic Clergy, to whom circu,
lars for that purpose will be addressed. It is understood that
returns were made by the latter to Monseigneur the Catholic
Bishop during last autumn, and that it will now only be neces-
sary to add those from the Protestant Clergy. The Census
thus taken will approximate very near perfect accuracy, and it
is supposed to one 1.50 th of the whole.
JuLY 8.,--Detachments of recruits for the 37th, 68th, 70th,
76th, regiments were marched up this day to the Jesuits Bar.
racks from on hoard the transport Brunswick.
The small-pox of a virulent nature is now prevalent in St.
John's Suburbs.—The child of an liish emigrant died of it last
week. Dr. Tainchand informs us that he at present has some
good vaccinating matter, and kindly offers to vaccinate gratis
all poor children brought to him during Wednesday forenoon.
The Car of COmmerce remained on shore more than 36
hours opposite La Valtrie on her last trip to this port.
Provincial Secretary's Office, Quebec, 15t4 July, 1822.
His Excellency the 'Governor "in. Chief has been pleased to
make the following appointments, viz.
William Hamilton, Eiquire, to be Collector of his Majes,
ty's Customs at the Port of. the Village of Sherbrooke, in the
District of Three Rivers, in this Province.
Francois Pierre Bruneau, Esq., to practice the Law in all
his Majesty's Courts of Justice in this Province.
. And Joseph Carmel., Inspector of Flour and Meal in the
City of Montreal, in ditto.

Provincial Secretary's Ojyce, Quebec, 25111 July, 1822.
His Excellency the Governor in Chief has been pleased to
make the following appointments, viz :
Pierre Bureau, Gent. a Surveyor of lands for the Province of
Lower Canada.

• Samuel Neilson,
,Gent. to be his Majesty's Printer for do. do,
William Ritchie, (Gent. a Public Notary.for do. do.
Laurent Viger, Esq. to practise the Law in all his Majesty's
Cpurts of Justice in do. do.

Christopher Wilson, ('uller and Measurer of Deals, Planks,
Boards, Oars, and Lathwood at the Port of Quebec.
ox REM., JUNE 22.—An -ingenious machine attached
to a wheel carriage for measuring the distance passed over, was
exhibited here during the last week. The inventor is Mr. C.
Pelaurier dit Cotineau ; he intends to apply for a patent during
the next Session. It is regulated by one whole revolution of
the wheel, the length of which is exactly known, and by some
other machinery makes it visible to the traveller in the front of
the carriage.
Ju;,y 3.—Much damage was done at Pomte aux Trembles,
and'in that vicinity, by the storm of Sunday last: many barns
and fences were demolished, and trees torn up by the violence
of the wind. Baron Maltitz, Secretary of Legation to the Im-
-1)041 Russian Embassy at Washington, arrived at the Man-
sion House on Monday night, and will leave town for Quebec
this evening.
JULY 10.—On Monday, the rain throughput the upper parts
of the District was extremely heavy, and did considerable
damage on the flats; it was particularly injurious, we are told,

. ~ to the natural grass, beating it down and rendering it neeetort
that it should be cut betbre it is ripe.
According to our information the grasshoppers hayt done im-
mense mischief in Richmond and tfie.surrounding settlmeals.
We learn through the medium ota friend, that'
puted question relative to the Boundary Line in theAtiCiottyof
Lake Champlain has beer; et length decided, and that litAtsett
Point will come within the British Limits.
We are further informed theta decision has been Conte to, by
the Commissioners of both countries, relative to the flue from
Saint Regis to the head of Lake Huron ; and that the surveyory
have Lett Utica, fbr the'prirpose9f prosecuting their labours on
Lake Superior.—V Montreal erald.)
Dicd, on the 11th inst. at Cotean du Lk, Alexander Wilson,
Esti. He had been many years an inhabitant of that place, and
held several places under government with much credit. He
was much esteemed by all who knew him ; and his death is
deeply and generally lamented.—On the morning of the 10th
instant, Elizabeth, daughter of Major Loring, 76th Regiment.
—On the 24th April last, at Lemads, in the Department of
La Sarthe, France, Captain Wm. Alexander Grant, ilst High-
landers, son of the Baronas of Liongueuil, who served with
reputation through a great part of the SPanisb Peninsula War,
and in 'the great and final Battle 19f Waterloo, wherein he
was • wounded.
Jut,} 20.—The Ist Battalion of the Militia of this city hay
been paraded on the eening and morning of each day during
the present week, in Conformity to dig act ataithOrislng its
organization.

•
i)ied at William Henry, on the Bth inst. after a Itngerine
illness, which he supported with Christian firtnnetp and resig.,
nation, aged 29 years, Lieut. henry Hall, on the half-Pay O'
the late 99± Regjrnent.
NINOSTON (U. C.), JULY 2.—We are sorry to learn that
a further reduction is about to take place in the Naval ECa
blishment in Canada;

JULY .5.L-We regret to hear from various parts of this and,
the adjoining districts, that the Wheat, which lately promised mil.
well, has been attacked by a species of fly, and suffered to such.
a degree that it is thought it will not average half a crop. The
Indian corn also looks ill in many parts, having been injured
by the late frosts in May.
dur.Y I2.—A very rapid emigation is pouring into Michigan
and Alabama, which two territories, it is thought, will soon
claim the right of admission into the Udon soveleign States.
It seems that the inhabitants of the western part of the State
of New York are anxious to avail themselves of the earliest
period of the expected opening of our West Indian ports to
their commerce, and that they are accordingly hurrying their
produce down the Erie Canal; towards New York. Little, if
indeed any part of the flour, which fbrmerly came from the
Genessce Country, has this season, descended the St. Lawrence,
and twelve of the boats belonging to Ogdensburgh, which were
usually employed on the river, have consequently gone in search •
of freight to the Canal, which they have reached by ascending
the falls of Oswego River. A New York Paper estimates the,
quantity of flour now lying along the banks of the Canal, 'at
100,000 barrels, and we hear it reported that; at Utica alor.e;
there are lying 30,000 barrels, which cannot be forwarded, as.
well on account of the want of boats, as of water in the Mohawk,'
[To be continued:l

ANTIQUITY, &c. OF GUILDS.
(WITH NOTICES OF THAT OF PRESTON.)

The term Guild, which, in the present ago, ie
little known, signifies a fraternity or brotherhood. The original
of them is said to he from the Saxon law, by which neighbours'
entered into an association, and became bound for each other
to bring forth him who conlinitted 'any crime, or Make sa-
tisfaction to the party injured ; for which ••littrpose they
raised a sum of money amongst themselves, and put it into
a common stock, .whereout a pecuniary compens;ltiOn Wag
made, according to the quality of the offence committed. In
after times, the name was used to designate any company
combined 'together, subject to regulations and laws of their
own making, under the Soyereign's license. In this sense
of the word, there were in England, anciently; almost in-
numerable fraternities or guilds, every trade or profission
forming itself into one of these sort of communities, and
either having a Common Hall or fleeting; to transact,'
their business in the parish church. Stowe (numerator
many such in his history of London, and mention of num' rous
others is to be found in different topographical works They
had, in most instances, a common seal, were governed by a
warden or officer, and possessed all the other usuil functions of
corporate bodies, of which they may, in fact, be styled the
on gin.
The fraternities of this nature, amongst merchants, were
called " Guilda Mercatoria'" or Merchant Guilds, and ap-
pear to have been first introduced here by the Easterlings;
or Germans, who, in very early times, had their hall or
place of meeting by Cold Harbour-stairs, in Thames,street.
—These foreigners were our masters in commerce, and re-
sorted to England before the year 979, at least in the time of
King. Ethelred, at which period the Emperor's men corn.:
ing with their ships were accounted worthy of good
They were not to forestal the markets from the bOrghers
of London, and were to pay toll at Christmas,—two grey
cloths, and one brown one, with ten pounds of pepper, 'five
pair f gloves, and two vessels of vinegar, and as many at
Easter. Henry the Third, by charter, dated 1235, exempted
these strangers, who were then called the " Guilda Teutonico-
rum," or Merchants of Cologne, •from an annual payment, or
quit rent to. the Crown, of two shillings, due for the hall al-
luded to in Thames-street, in these words—" Know ye that
we have quitted claim for us and our heirs, our beloved cid,
zens of Colen, and their merchandize,_ of those two shillings
which they were wont to give from their Build-hall in Lon-
don." And this exemption was cpnfirmed, anno 129% by
Edward I.

PItESTON GUILD may be reckoned amongst the earliest of
I these Guilda 'Wm-Morin, and is the only one in the kingdom,
we belieye, that keeps up such a commemoration of its esta-
blishment as to attract the notice 'of modern times. The first
charter to the burgesses of Preston was given in 1172 ' • it
granted amongst other things, that the burgesses of thatbo-
rough should have a Guild of Merchant 4 within the said
borough, pith all the liberties and free customs to such
Guild of Merchants appertaining !amongst which Camden,
reckons the privilege of holding, in certain cases, pleas of
land, &c„ within their own precinct.) In consequence of this
grant, the ancient and free burgeisos of the borough of Pres-
ton have held and kept, within this borough, a Guild Merchant
at the end of every twenty years, for now nearly five centu-
ries, as appears by the records and Guild-hooks of the Cor-
poration ; the first commemoration having taken place in
the year 1328 (2d Edward III.), and the last in 1802 (42a
George III.) During this long period the Mayors of Preston
who happened to govern at each return of the qo years, amount
to eighteen in number, the names of whom, with most of their
coats of arms, and other particulars, are given in a lately-pub-
listed work of Collections for Lancaster, the county in which
Preston is situate. The name of the first of these Mayors (1328)
was Aubcrt, the son of Robert ; of the last (I 802) Nicholas
Grimshaw, Esq.
For ages past, the return of the Guild Year at Preston has
been celebrated as a gay and festive season ; and, in addition
to a characteristic procession of the Guild itself, musical enter.
tainments, balls, plays, races, and other amusements, are con-
tinued for several weeks. The present is the nineteenth of these
commemorations, and is being kept with the usual ceremonies
and mernment, but which, having been before described, need
not be noticed here.

Preston, or " Priests-town," as it is said to have been an.:
ciently called, on account of the great number of religious
there, is sapposed to have risen out of the rains of Itibbk-
ceder, now a village, but anciently a very considerable city
in the neighbourhood, and may, for its beauty and bigness,
be itself termed a city. It stands on a delightful eminence,
on the banks of the Ribble, at the distance of 211 miles
from London, over which river there is a handsome stone
bridge. Here are also two charity schools for boys' and girls,
and various other establishments of different descriptions ;
and being the place of residence of the officers belonging to
the Chancery of the County Palastine, and reckoned one of
the prettiest retirements in England, it has at all times a gaiety
and liveliness about it not usual in country places.
The town was incorpora•ed by Henry IL, and is governed
by a Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council. It had early a
grant of three weekly markets, and as many yearly fairs, all of
which are welLfrequented, the market being reckoned the moat
considerable north of Trent, for corn, fish, fowl, and all sorts
of provisions. Preston gave the,title of Baron, in the ri•ign of
Charles IL, to Sir Richard Grimes, or Graham, a distin-
guished statesman of the time, and who, in the reign of James
11., was raised to the dignity of Viscount Preston, of Amman.
derness.