The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-15 00:00:00

N°.17,777.] LONDON, SA TU RDA L t. •
"41 7 SEPTEMBER 15, 1849.

NELL GIVYNNE TAVERN and CHOP-
HOUSE, Bull Inn-court, Strand, Three Doors East of the
Adelphl Theatre, and opposite Adam-street. Luncheons, Dinners,
and Suppers.
Table d'Hote at Half-past Five precisely (Sundays excepted), Fish
and Joints, 2s. Hot Joints until Eight, and Suppers until One o'clock.
The Nell Gwynne Tavern which is situated in the very centre of
the metropolis, is near to the principal Theatres, and the Ta:.le
dilute has been fixed at an hour that will be found convenient for
Citizens, the Legal Profession, and Gentlemen connected with the
Pu'die °tikes and Banking Houses, also Visitors to London who are
frequenters of the Theatres. Private Rooms for the accommodation
ofsmali parties. Good Beds. Wines and Spirits of superior quality.
Barclay and Perkins's Stout, and Salt's celebrated l'ale Ales.
JOHN ARCHER and THOMAS lIOLT, Proprietors.

BRETT'S GINGER BRANDY, in Is. bottles !
For the universal diffusion of this very salutary arcma!
LIQUETIt, so obviously ad pti•rl to the exigencies of the vcason, it may
be obtained at cur Ceuntiui• house, in SHILLING SAMPLE BOT-
TLES, each containing sufficient to fill six small glasges.
dozen bottle, ss. Gd. ; a aunt), 10s. Ord. ; two dam (in a hamper),
20s. ; Imperial gallon. Igs.
lIENRY BRETT and CO., Old Furnival's Inn, Holborn.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STIIEET,
Dissolving Views, of Reme.—Lecture and Experiments, with the
Hydro-Electric Machine.—Lectures on Chemistry—Exhibition of the
Oxy-hydrogen Microscope.—Diver and Diving-bell.—The Chroma-
trope.—Explanations of Models and Machinery.
Open daily from Eleven to Five; and in the Evenings (except
;aturday) from Seven till Half-past Ten.
Admission. Is. Schools, Half-price.—The Now Catalogue. Is.

Just published, price Ps. 6d.,
QOYERS' MODERN HOUSEWIFE; or,
MENACIERE. A new work on Cookery, containing above
One Thousand Recipes, and an Anti Cholera Diet, highly recom-
mended by the Board of Health.
Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. ; 011ivier, ; tnd all Booksellers.

THIRTY-FIRST EDITION.
Illustrated by 26 Anatornicai Coloured Engravings on Steel.
ON PUYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVF.
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO PiLARRIAGF..
New''ditioa, ealarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
oost, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage :tamps,
Tri HE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
oessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
inaliflcatlons. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 11, Berners-street, Ox-
'bra-street, London. Published by the Authors : seld by Strange,
21, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street;
dtarie,23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.

I oar I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive indul-
gence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative ucapacity.
Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This soction is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engravings.
PAaT IV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease
by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is ob-
viated. This important part of the Work should not escape the
reader's notice.
Party 'Y. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
dates. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
TRICORDIAL BALM or Samuel:3x is exclusively employed in treat-
ing nervous and sexual debility, impotence, Ike., 11 6. and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, :sr purifying the blood in cases of infeon second
ary symp-
toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, l land 335. per bottle.
Perry's Purifying specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and 1 is. per box, a
sertaiu remedy for gonorrhosa.gleet, stricture, and chronic inflamma-
tion of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, 11. A minute
retail of the case is required : age, habits, and position in society.
sl. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Establishment only, by
which the fee, 11., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in atten-
lance daily at 19, Berners-istreot. 0:K1ord-street, London, from Ele-
ven till Two. and rive to Eight on finndays from Eleven to One.

A Ii B I A E.
in One half the world are desolately single, and the other
sapposing them married, questionalsly contented. Diffidence, or a
sense of right determine the former, and misealculatoo. hopes em-
bitter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
comprosing hurry; but the troth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
end social content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour andjusticedereand that health should form as item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes or
•+eiglect weend more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CIILVERWELL'S little
MEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 9 vols., I.
each (by post, in stamps, is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
ny misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but
for the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they aro offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above sub;ects, by unqualified authors, whisk alone or
together, are a disgrace to the ago. Furthermore, two other
Jttle publications claim your attention (same price is. each,
by T ost Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
k•rold," and " How to be Nappy. They aro not merely
Pamp:lets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
!ife who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate-20 do unto others as he
woci.,l he done ante—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
en the "sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
Sherwood, 93, raterncster-row ; Carvalho, 14T, Fleet street • Mann,
39, ; Ralson, 457, West Strand; or direct (by post or other-
wise) iron' the outher (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings ord evenings). le. Argyll-place Resent-street: arc! all
Booksellers,'

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one, has been still quite up to the average of years; it
has been marked by the peculiarity of the greater quan-
tity of the fish being caught within a short space of
time. At this station 80 boats have steadily prosecuted
the fishing, and it is pleasant to know that their success
has exceeded that at any other place on the east coast,
not only as to numbers taken but also as to price. The
average take here per boat for the season has been 153
crans, and the average price 7s. per cran. The general
quality of the fish was excellent. Tho curers now begin
to perceive the folly of their successful efforts some few
years ago to shut out the French fishermen from pur-
chasing fresh herrings in our harbours; such a law
in
was
passed, in consequence of their reprzsentations, but its
full application it not only prevents the French fisher-
men from competing with the curers for fresh herrings,
but it also prevents these foreigners from purchasing the
allied fish from the merchants; thus injuring all parties,
while conferring a benefit on none.—Berwick and Kelso
Warder.

We have authority to contradict a paragraph
which has appeared in some of the papers, to the effect
that Sir Charles Napier was in treaty for a house be-
longing to Colonel Tynte, M.P., on the banks of the
Thames. The Gallant Colonel has no house property
on the banks of the Thames, and no correspondence has
taken place with reference to any property of his, either
with him or his agents, regarding Sir Charles Napier's
movements. We are further enabled to state, that Sir
Charles Napier has not signified any intentions of re-
turning to England next spring, nor have the authorities
at the Horse Guards signified to Sir William Gomm any
desire for his remaining in India.—British Army Dis-
patch.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

FTIO3I TITE MOTINING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.--The court-martial which has recently

attracted so much attention has terminated, and the
Nary List is no longer encumbered by the name of
Commander Pitman. That gentleman entered the
service in 1826, and after having enjoyed the autho-
rity of a con-mender for six years, he was by due form
of martial-law dismissed from the service altigether
on Wednesday /asta Whatever his career may have
been elsewhere, the public has at all events acquired
sufficient insight into his sayings and doings on
board the Childers in the period which elapsed be-
tween 1846 and her return to England from a cruise
in the Chinese seas. Dui ing the whole of that inter-
val Commander Pit man was lord paramount on board
that unfortunate ship, and ruled her officers and crew
with an iron hand. The first intimation which was
given of the lamentable state of things in the Childers
was the astounding intelligence that two of her offi
cers, Lieutenant Graham and the master, Mr.
Oliott, had deliberately dessrted, preferring to incur
the consequences of so serious a step to submitting
themselves any longer to the caprices and cruelty
of their superior officer. This, it must be
admitted, was a fearful plunge. What could
have led these men to take it ? The Mutiny Act
knows no nice distinctions between voluntary and
involuntary desertion. It enters not into any delicate
investigation into matters of justification ; neither
does it inquire into the peculiar connexion VI hich may
exist in some cases between cause and effect.
Lieutenant Graham and Mr. Elliott, therefore, must
have known that in leaving the Childers they were
guilty of desertion—an offence which ranks, profes-
sionally, as high as murder does in the moral and
criminal codes. On conviction the offender may lose
his life ; and in the cases now before us we find that,
notwithstanding the matters urged in excuse, if net.
in defence of their conduct, those officers, who had
pleaded guilty to the charge without any hesitation,
were sentenced to be dismissed the service for ever,
and to be furthermore imprisoned in gaol for certain
periods. Than this, death itself would be more
acceptable to honourable minds; and it is not to be
wondered that these so-called deserters should have
sought to justify themselves in the eyes of their
Qwen and their country, their judges, and their per-
sonal and professional friends, by dragging into the
broad glare of a court• martial the circumstances from
which had sprung their own disgrace and ruin. Ac-
cordingly, at their instance a court-martial on Com-
mander Pitman was held at Plymouth an the 28th of
August, 1849, and thirteen following days, when
several witneves were examined by the prosecutors
in support of their charges, consisting of " general
cruelty and oppression between the 4th of September,
1846, :lad May, 20, 1849;" " false statements in the
log-book of the Childers ;" and " false expenditure of
stores—viz., a hammock-cloth, represented to have
been washed away on or about the 14th of October,
1846, and a meintopsail, represented to have been
lost on or about the 9th of October, 1848." It is not
our intention to enter into any minute examination
of the evidence by which these extraordinary charges
were sustained on the part of the prosecutors. It
would almost suffice to say that the Court, after
due consideration, were of opinion " that the charge
of general cruelty and oppression was in part.
proved against the prisoner ; that the charge of
false expenditure of stores, and the charge of false
statements in the log-book of her Majesty's ship
Childers, were proved against the prisoner.' It is
impossible, however, to avoid remarking on some of
the very awkward disclosures which fully demon-
strated the fact that Commander Pitman was an ill
conditioned man,-who hesitated not to call his officers
"liars" in the presence of the crew, and did not con-
sider it beneath his standing in life and rank in the
profession to wring the ears of his personal attendant,
a mere boy, till they bled at one time ; to cut open
his head with a shoe at another; or, on a third occa-
sion, to lay violent hands on him in an ungovernable
impulse of passion, and almost to choke him in his
frenzy. The witness to this latter feat says—
" I remember the boy Cleverdon well. lie was ser-
vant to Commander Pitman on our passage home. At
the Cape of Good Hope 40 marines were employed in
puttying the ship's deck. I was puttying in around
where the skylight went on. I looked down, and saw
Commander Pitman strike the boy Cleverdon, and knock
him down, and then take him up, and clasp both his
arms round the boy's neck. I went on the lower deck,
and told the Captain's steward to make an excuse to go
to the cabin, as the boy was singing out very much."

So much for ungovernable iinpulse. But this wit-
ness himself had been the victim of something far
worse—a cruel punishment had been inflicted on him
by Commander Pitman, continuing de die in diem,
because the poor fellow, being unable through sick-
ness to continue to act as cook, he being shipped as
a marine, and having only volunteered to act as cook,
had, after repeated and ineffectual remonstrances, at
last refused to do the work for which he was not
originally shipped. What account does this man give
of the commander?—

"The next day I was called up before Commander
Pitman. I told him I could not go to the coppers. The
commander said I did not come into the ship to do as
I liked. I told him I did not, and that I was there to
do duty as a marine. I wished to do a marine's duty. It
I was not allowed to do a marine's duty, the❑ I could
not help it. The Commander immediately said that 1
was to do as he ordered me, and that ho would make me
do duty as cook to the coppers, upon which I said I
reoUld not. I was then put on bread and water for seven
days, and I had to walk the deck with my knapsack on
my back from 8 o'clock in the morning until sunset, and
from sunset I was placed in irons until 8 o'clock next
morning. I had my grog stopped for 15 days, and had
to keep 10 days' watch and watch in the forecastle."
With such a harsh and barbarous system of accu-
mulative punishments it is not to be wondered at
that two men should actually have committed suicide,
while a third was discharged "insane" at Hobart
Town. Such would be the natural, nay, the inevit-
able, consequence to many men in the rank of a ma-
rine or seaman on board ship. Death becomes pre
ferable to life when clogged with punishments
invented with an ingenuity which would do justice
to a North American savage. From Fisher, the
purser, again, we hear of one, Hayter, who was re.
peatedly punished with a cane over the hands and
shoulders; was at different times put on bread and
water, carried his hammock all day, and forced to
wear a collar made of heavy wood, which was locked
round his neck, while his head was half shaved !
This memorable engine of torture, the notion for
which was doubtless derived from the Commander's
Chintse travels, is described as being " about two
feet in length, and fourteen or fifteen inches in
breadth. It opened in the centre with a large iron
hinge to admit the neck, in order to lock it. It was
about two inches thick." The same witness thus de-
scribes the character of Commander Pitman :—"1
consider-he has on several occasions acted in an
unjust, violent,. and insulting manner towards
myself very severe." With such a commanding-
officer the question must frequently arise among the
officers and crew, " How long are we to bear this
tyranny ?" And though we would by no means up-
hold the right of inferior officers to sit in judgment
on the acts of their superiors, and to carry out their
disapprobation by desertion, or by any other step than
an appeal to the proper tribunal, it must be allowed
that courts-martial at the instance of inferiors seldom
come to anything, and that there are limits beyond
which human frailty and endurance cannot well be
expected to go. We unhesitatingly affirm that such
a case is now before us. Mr. Elliott may well
say to his commander, when cross-examined by
him, " I feel that you have been my destruction."
It is impossible to read the evidence given in this
case without adopting that conclusion. The facts
proved as clearly lead to it as they did to
the opinion and sentence of the officers com-
posing the court-martial on this and the other
charges brought under their notice; and we cannot
but ask ourselves whether those luckless victims of
this man's tyranny who shunned suicide in deserting
the Childers should be looked upon in the light of
ordinary deserters, or whether there ought not to be
some remission of their sentence. Their case is
almost without a precedent, and can never be itself
converted into one—at least, fur the honour of the
service, we trust not. The result of the inquiry
called for by them is their justification—if anything
can justify desertion. They found a despotism too
severe for their moral or physical strength, and they
fled from it—not as cowards fly from death—not as
ill-affected traitors fly from the service of their
country—but they fled from Commander Pitman and
from themselves, fearing, doubtless, lest they might
be goaded by him into the commission of an offence
even more horrible than desertion. " Wrought upon
and perplexed in the extreme," they yielded to an
impulse which, while it cannot be excused, must yet
be admitted to have had its origin in causes most
harassing and vexatious. 'Whatever may be their
ultimate lot in life, they have at all events been I
mainly instrumental in proclaiming to the world that
the naval service of England is to be conducted on a
gentlemanly principle ; that the quarter-deck of a
Queen's ship is not to be converted into a bear-
garden ; that gradations of rank, though essential to
the honour of the flag under which all assemble, are
not to be construed into synonymes for" master" and
"slaves."
CHRONICLE.—" The gentleman," exclaimed
Chatham, on a memorable occasion, " says that Arne-
, riot% is almost in open revolt. I rejoice that America

has resisted!" There are few Englishmen—there is
not one coloni-l—who will affect to lament that the
people of the Cape are now opposing, by every means
short of open revolt, the outrage put upon them by
Lord Grey. We may disapprove of some of the
expedients which have been resorted to by them in
this contest, but we cannot forget that it is a struggle
for the purity of their homes, the safety of their
streets, and the fair fame of the colony itsr-lf. Who-
ever has a kinsman—still more, whoever has a kins-
woman—in our dependencies, will wish our country-
men God speed. Not long ago our readers were
apprised of the horror with which the colonists of
the Cape learnt from their Governor that, in the teeth
of his and their remonstrance, Lord Grey had dis-
patched three hundred convicts to their shores. That
horror has now found an articulate expression. A
vast public meeting was held on July the 4 11, and
ten resolutions were passed, couched in language
such as, happily, is seldom provoked, even
by the fatuous tyranny of the Colonial
Secretary himself. The colonists have declared
that the transportation of convicts to their shores is
" injurious and degrrding, and ought to be resisted ;"
that the Imperial Government " has no right to de-
grade into a penal settlement the Cape of Good Hope,
which became a portion of the British empire by
capitulation and cession from a friendly power, and
not by planting or conquest, with its rights and pri-
vileges as a free, and not a penal, settlement solemnly
guaranteed :" . . . " that the conduct of Earl
Grey, in first directing the Governor to ascertain the
opinions and wishes of the people, and then acting in
defiance of their unanimous decision, is an exsggera-

tion of in3ult added to injury towards an unoffending
community, which proves him to be unworthy to
retain any place in the government of a free people."
Accordingly, her Majesty is to be prayed to revoke
the notorious Order in Council of the 4th of September,

1848, and to direct the removal of such convicts as
have already been landed under that order; and Par-
liament is to be petitioned for an Act expressly
guaranteeing the colonists from any similar outrage
in future. Such is the general tenor of the resolu-
tions. In order to offer the utmost legal resistance at
present within their power, the colonists have further
set up a sort of moral quarantine. They have leagued
themselves to oppose the execution of what they justly
term an " injurious, degrading, unconstitutional,
despotic, and dangerous measure," by cutting off all
coretnunicatien with such persons as "may assist in
landing, supporting, or employing" the convicts.
Already the townspeople have refused to supply the
Commissariat with meat or bread, lest it should serve
as food for the felons. While we cannot but regard
these and similar extreme measures as unjustifiable, we
frankly own our sympathy with as just a cause as
ever stirred the blood of good men, and we gladly
record so patent a proof, that our countrymen cannot
always learn by a change of latitude to sacrifice
the purity of their homes for the profits of convict-
labour. We do not, however, forget that there is
one upon whom these demonstrations will fall with
unmerited severity. It probably did not enter into
Lord Grey's deliberate intentions to hold up to
public obloquy an old and meritorious officer; but
this much is certain—that had his Lordship planned
such an affront to Sir Harry smith, he could not
more surely have carried it into execution. The
Governor had been distinctly assured that this
"measure should not be forced upon the colonists if
they did not require the species of ,labour which it
would supply." He ascertained that they regarded
it with repugnance. Sharing their feeling, he com-
municated it to head-quarters, and guaranteed to the
inhabitants the good Lath of the Government. Before
his dispatch reached England, Lord Grey had, how-
ever, shipped off his proteges, with a letter of intro-
duction, in which they were "tendered as a boon ! "
Yes ; this is the cream of the jest; his Lordship
outrages the feelings of the colonists—he dupes
the Governor into giving false assurances—and the
outrage and the deceit are " a boon" ! Poor Katha-
rine in the The Taming of the Shrew, when she re-
counts the injuries she has sustained from her impe-
rious bridegroom, winds up the dismal catalogue with
this last and crowning wrong—
" What spites me more than all—
He does it under name of perfect love !"
But the Petruchio of the Colonial-office, more simple
than his prototype, had not, according to Sir George
Grey, even a suspicion of the emotions which
his " boon " would excite. The Government, says
the Home Secretary very gravely, would never have
dreamt of engaging in this kind of contest with
the wishes of the colonists. Alas ! we can only
ask, if such prodigious ignorance and nalvett form
any apolegy for a Colonial Minister, where are these
bcunties to end ? How many more " precious
balms" has this terrible benefactor in store, where-
with to "break the heads" of the 'recalcitrant objects
of his affection ? With a colony driven within one
stage of open revolt, this kind of idiosyncrasy be-
comes serious. We have often had to reprehend the
intemperate severity of his Lordship's measures, but
we now confess that verily his tender mercies are
crueller still. Of course, the Government will
not venture to repeat the outrage to which they have
thus been made accessory by the Colonial Secretary.
The apology of Sir G. Grey was a sufficient indica-
tion of the feeling of his colleagues on that head. But
the energetic resistance now offered by the Cape en-
courages us to believe yet snore—that the wrong will
be redressed, and that Lord Grey's emissaries—" the
Devil's missionaries," as our transported felons are
sometimes called—will be fairly returned on his
hands. The Cape colonists are not battling for their
own rights alone; they are vindicating the cause of
every dependency of England which the contamina-
tion of cunvict labour has not already reached. If
they succeed, a great principle will be for ever estab-
lished in our colonial polity, and criminals will noragain
be forced on a British community against its will. Go-
vernment are fond of talking of the economical advan-
tages which our settlements derive by largely absorbing
convict labour. Henceforth, it may be hoped that
they will at least leave it to our fellow-subjects to
decide on taking or rejecting the questionable boon.
We hope more. Cicero has said that man can he
engaged in no more godlike work than when he is
founding, or helping to preserve, a state. Had the
orator lived in a later age, he might have sought a very
opposite analogy for the creation of communities of
crime. We dare to hope that the time is near when
this country will revolt from offering to its colonies
what they cannot accept without a stigma. Morals
and policy are not so antagonistic but that we should
doubt—even were proofs wanting of the imperfection
of transportation as a mere penal instrument—the
expediency of deliberately contaminating our depen-
dencies ; and we trust that the outrage which has led
to these remarks may bring men's minds to bear with
some earnestness on a question so vital to national
morality. If so, we shall be taught a lesson that we
are often apt to forget—the uses of arrogance, and
the fitness of foolish and intemperate men to explode
the errors which they exemplify. "Itis an ill wind,"
says the proverb, "that blows nobody good ;" and even
Lord Grey may indirectly become a colonial, bene-
factor, by having raised " the stormy spirit of the
Cape."
HERALD.—We may talk as we please about

sanitary regulations—we may establish Boards of
Health and Health of Towns Commissions—we may
flush obstinate sewers, and shut up graieyards, and
adopt all kinds of deoderising remedies; but's° long
as a man has a nuisance at his own door, and does not
know what to do with it, it is very plain that we are
reading the lesson of universal prophylaxis back-
wards. In these days, when a wide-spreading pesti.
lence is daily sacrificing hecatomb upon hecatomb—
when every quack has his remedy at the tip of his
tongue and the point of his pen, and we have central
boards and commissions of all kinds, to debate, and
wise, it would be marvellous
to report, and to be very
that the individual householder should never know
what to do when a stencil salutes his nostrils, if in all
such cases it were not our custom to begin at the
wrong end. Nothing is ready when it is wanted.
Like Sir Abel Handy's wonderful apparatus for
the suppression of fire, our contrivances are never in
a state fit for use. The horse burns whilst we are
bewailing that the machinery is not fixed. It may
be said that we are starving in the midst of plenty—
that we are "dying of too much health." The
sanitary cooks are too many, and they are spoil-
ing the broth. We do not speak now of the fa-
culty, who have magnanimously agreed to differ.
What is one doctor's cure is another doctor's poison ;
and if we are to believe all that is said, certain death
must attend the administration of every known re-
medy for cholera. We speak of the external sanitary
machinery, which is almost as disjointed. If we are
to believe all that is said 0,r,1 this subject, there is
scarcely any great " sanitary process which is not
calculated grievously to increase the pestilence which
has been afflicting the nation. People are fairly be-
wildered. They read so much that they know no-
thing; and if they did know what is the proper thing
to be done, they would be quite at a loss how to set
about doing it, when the emergency actually occurs,
and theory is to be reduced to practice. Take any
single case. Let every reader make himself the ex-
emplar. He has a drain close to his house at Brix-
ton, or Brompton, or Islington, or Clapham, or Nor-
wood--wherever he may chance to reside. When he
goes outside his gates an abominable stench salutes
his nostrils. He has no difficulty in assigning it to
its true cause—the black ditch or uncovered drain
, which runs beside his Wise is pe surely the WM.

of the foul odour as the sun is the source of light.
His neighbours remark the nuisance cn their way to
church, and pass over to the other side. He knows
that he ought to do something ; but he is by no
means sure what that something The simplest
remedy appears to be an application of water to the
offending drain. He orders a quantity of the aqueous
fluid to be thrown into it—he begins flushing with
much zeal, and then reads in the papers, or perhaps is
told by his next• door neighbour that he is only making
bad worse, and that if the ditch were dangerous
before it is doubly dangerous after the disturbance of
its noxious contents. Fearing that this may be true—
that he is doing more harm than good—he resolves the
next time a stench salutes him to leave the causes of it
unexplored. He need not waste his time or his money
in endeavouring to mitigate a nuisance, which it may
be safer to leave to run its unmolested course, until it
expires under the influence of a favourable change of
weather. Now all this would not happen if our sani-
tary regulations were, as regards practical uses, much
better than mere moonshine. In the dilemma which
we have faintly sketched out, the worthy Brixtonian
or Clapharnite may, perhaps, address himself for aid
to the nearest magistrate, or for advice to his medical
attendant. Neither one nor the other can do anything
for him. It is not the magistrate's business to cure
stenches. It is not the doctor's business, nor is it the
doctor's interest. There is a Board of Health—it is
well known in the newspapers; but what every man
wants to learn is to whom, in his own immediate
neighbourhood, he is to betake himself when he
knows that a nuisance at his doors is undermining
the 'health and may destroy the life of himself and his
family. Until every man has the means of laying
his complaint before, and obtaining immediate assist-
ance froin, some estabiished and responsible function-
ary, whenever he believes that there are any remov-
able causes of disease in the vicinity of his home, all
our laws for the better preservation of the public
health, however well intentioned, must, as regards
their practical vs °skim., be the veriest shams.
Every man ought to know as well, under such
circumstances, to whom he should betake himself
as he knows to whom to address himself when
he requires the keys of the parish church, the aid
of the fire engine, the registration of a son or daughter,
or the detection of a thief. The " sanitary" man,
call him by what name you may, ought to be a part
of every community, as much as the parish clerk, the
registrar, the constable, or the policeman. No man
should be thrown upon his own resources—compelled
to play the amateur and the experimentalist in
matters of life and death. It is of as vital concern-
ment to him that he should be protected against
disease as against robbery and violence. For one
kind of protection he will be as ready to pay as for
the other. He is sure to find his account in it—sure
to acknowledge that it is economical in the end. At
present we are all paying for what is of little use to
us in comparison with the ready means placed at every
man's disposal of directing an official and responsible
attack against every destructive agent that is at work
in the neighbourhood of his house. Until we know
to whom to address ourselves in our difficulties, talk
as we may about sanitary regulations, we are reading
all our lessons backwards. Until we know how to
knock down a stench at our own doors, we can but
look with something like contempt at all the grand
scheines for the universal conquest of stenchdom.
Charity begins at home : so ought sanitary regulations.

Brace, sen., and H. Box, Walsall, Staffardshire, saddlers'
ironniorgers—J. Nicoll and A. Dewar, Upper East
Smithfield, cabinet-makers—J. Ireland and S. Longdin,
Manchester, brass and iron founders—T. Charlton and
R. Mason, Manchester, stationers—W. M'Millen and J.
Rennie, Liverpool, tobacco, snuff', and cigar manufactu-
rers—E. Lumley and C. Lumley, Scriven-with-Tenter.
gate. Yorkshire, gardeners—J. Williams and C. A. Col-
lins, Veralam-buildings, Gray's-inn—J. Bishop and B.
Smith, Corbel'.•-court, Spitalfields, orchil manufacturers
—J. Nail, J. F. Naylor, and W. Nall, Manchester, com-
mon carriers (so far as regards J. F. Naylor)—G.
Madden, J. Haddcn, and 11. Hidden, Nottingham,
hosiers and merchants (so far as regards G. Iladden)—
J. Bury, IL Bury, G. Bury, and T. Bury, Salford, Lan-
cashire. woollen printers—J. Elshaw and S. Walker,
Sheffield, brass and Garman-silver founders—R. S.
Pearce and J. 1-Erdcastle, High street, Southwark, dry-
salters—J T. Stopford and J. Stopford, Ashton-under-
Lyne, wine and spirit merchants—F. G. Sanders and G.
F. Memmott, Bristol, brassfounders—W. Fieldhouse and
H. Allen, Newport, Shropshire, spirit merchants—J. J.
Baldwin and J. Barker, Fox's-lane, Shadwell, general
dealers—J. S. Williams and J. Roberts, Liverpool, dairy
keepers.

INSOLVENT PETITIONERS.
William Orr, Ashford, Kent, clothier.
Samuel Code, Exwick, Devonshire, woolcomber.
Joseph Harper, Dudley. Worcestershire. fruiterer.
Joseph Underwood, Witney, Oxfordshire, land sur-

yeyor.
James Truman, jun , New Lenton, Nottinghamshire,
laceuirther.

P.
Just,
DSCuaodTeeC,FlraeSrEopl,Uot.E StoTmßeAetTwloiphiSn.
Hotel, Dundee, Sept. 19, and Oct. 10,
A. Elder, Edinburgh, printer, to meet within Ken-
nedy's Ship Hotel, Sept. 28, and Oct. 11, at twelve.
J. Aitchison, Cockhornspath, Berwickshire, merchant,
at
two. the British
to meet within the White Swan Inn, Dunae, Sept. 20,
and Oct. 11, at one.
M. Wingrave, Esq., Edinburgh, to meet within the
Ship 11,,te1, Edinburgh, Sept. 19, and Oct. 17, at twelve.
W. Young, Airdrie, turner, to meet within Drum-,
Royal Hotel, Airdrie, Sept. 19, and Oct. 17,
at one.
d