The Sun.
London, England, 1831-05-19 00:00:00

FRANCE.

DEATH OF LABBEY DE POMPIERRE-REVIEW OF
ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND NATIONAL GUARDS
THIS DAY-REFLECTIONS ON THE INSTITUTION
-MONEY MARKET-DOUBTS AS TO THE DEFEAT
OF DWERNICKI IN VOLHYNIA.

TO THE EDITOR OF TILE MORNING CHRONICLE.
PAIL'S, MAY 15, 1831.

SIR,—We have lost a worthy and excellent
citizen—an upright and able Deputy; and an ardent
and enlightened Patriot and Statesman. We must
record his name, and pronounce a feeble panegyric
over the grave of M. Labbey de Pompierre. This
good and wise man yesterday departed this life at
tle advanced age of eighty. He was born in the
same month of May, 1751, at Besancon. In early
life he entered the artillery ; and when the revolu-
tion commenced, it found him decorated with the
Cross of St. Louis. Attached to the principles of
a wise and rational liberty, he adopted the cause of
the first revolutionists ; but averse to that system of
terror which assumed the garb of freedom to cover
its deformity, he opposed the Utopian and tyrannical
opinion of those who called themselves the friends
of the people, but who were, in fact, their greatest
enemies. Denounced by the party of Robespierre
as unfaithful to the cause of that, able, though des-
perate leader, M. Labbey de Pompierre was thrown
into prison, and there detained for the period of
' eighteen months. From the period of his liberation
until the year 1806, he remained in retirement, and
devoted his time to the study of history and men.
He was then appointed Secretary-General to the
Prefecture of the Department of Aisne, and in
1813 was named by the same Department, Member
of the Corps Legislatif. As Member of that Corps
he distinguished himself by his talents and elo-
quence, though at that time all attempts to establish
a liberal plan of Government were idle and useless.
In 1814, he was elected Member of the Chamber of
Deputies, and from that period has been uniformly
returned, and since elected one of the Vice-Presi-
dents of the Chamber. During the whole of those
sixteen years, he has devoted himself to the service
of his country, has opposed all the anti-national
Ministries which have been named by the fallen
dynasty, and proposed the impeachment of Vd-
lele, Corbiere, and Peyronnet. He was not suc-
cessful in obtaining a majority for this proposi-
tion, but the failure was not attributable to
him, or to the cause, but to the corrupt system
of the then anti-national representation. In the
discussions on the laws of the press, of finance, of the
army and navy, and of France, he always took an
active and useful part ; and his zeal, courage, and
vigour, could not be exceeded even by the intrepid
youth of the present generation. As a man, he was
amiable, kind, and generous. His sociey was
courted by all parties, and his soirees partook of the
pastimes of youth and the gravity of age. No man •
better understood the principles of liberty, and no
one could be a warmer advocate of the Revolution of
July. To-morrow we attend his funeral to pay him
the homage of our gratitude and love. We are
losing one by one of the best, and wisest, and most
indefatigable of the friends of the people. Let us
hope that others will arise to fill their places, so that
there may be no vacant niche in the temple of
freedom!

To-(lay Paris is all life, gaiety, and amusement.—
The King of the French reviews the National
Guards of Paris and its environs on the Champ du
Mars. There will be nearly one hundred thousand
troops present, and certainly as many spectators.—
The weather is delightful. The skv is blue—the
sun warm and genial ; and a gentle 'breeze will pre-
vent the mass from being oppressed by the heat of
the day. The gay Parisians are hastening to the
fields by tens of thousands. Nothing to-day is
thought of but the review. Let us, however, devote
a few minutes to the condemnation of the nature and
influence of this new and important institution. One
hundred thousand citizens armed in the capital of
France, to defend the Charter, the Throne, and the
property, and lives of Frenchmen, from external, as
well as internal enemies ! There is something itn
posing in this. But there are many who view in this'
force so imposing, and so splendid, reasons for
anxiety and care. They say that one hundred thou-
sand National Guards can at all times command
Paris, and that Paris will ever command France
They say, that whilst they would be most
useful to defend Paris from a foreign siege, or
to march to the aid of the Departments in case of
an attack—that they would be, on the other
hand, powerful auxiliaries to a despotic Minister,
and would prevent the success of a revolution,
should one even berendered necessary for the defence
of therevolution of July. They say that if Charles X.
had not dissolved the National Guards, but had
continued to patronise and review them, he might
have thrust his famous Ordinances down the throats
of the Parisians last July, and might have defied
successfully the cries of the people. They say,
that should Louis Philip, or any future Monarch,
sign Ordinances of an objectionable and illegal
character, any popular movement would be put
down by the National Guard, arid the Ordinances
would remain laws—rvhereas, if the National Guard
exis the people would be again victorious,
and Ordinances would be destroy-ed.
did
thero t
Whilst, therefore, they view with pleasure the
organization of the National Guard to defend France
against a common and a foreign foe—they view
with anxiety and alarm the constant interference of
the National Guards to put down the expression of

public opinion,and to interfere between the governors
and the governed.
To these 'objections it is replied, Ist. That in
July last, if the National Guards had existed as a
body, they would have taken the part of the people,
and not of the Government. 2d. That should the
same or similar circumstances arise, the National
Guards would decidedly range themselves on the
popular side. 3d. That since the revolution of Jul„
France is governed by a Parliamentary system, and
the people must submit to the decisions of the three
Powers in the State, without appeal to force, mobs,
or arms. 4th. That no Government can exist, if i iots,
insurrections, and local tumults are to be perpetually
encouraged or permitted; and .sth. That, therefore,
the National Guards will secure to the people their
rights, and to the Government its force and ellicacv.
To both the objectors and those who thus reply,
the Royalists, however, protest ! They say, that
at this rate the National Guards are not only the
people, but the Government—for should those who
are not National Guards disagree with those who
are, though they should be more numerous,
they must succumb, and it never can be that
any Government will last which shall be kept
in awe, arid subject to the decisions of one hundred
thousand armed citizens. The Royalists further
say, that the system is most vicious, since, unless the
Guards are always to pre:erve peace, they are not
real Guards at all—and that if they are to exercise
any discretion when they will preserve peace,
and when they will not, according to whether
the measures of the Government shall be ap-
proved or disapproved by these National Guards,
that immediately the Guards and the Government,
and the nominal Government can take no indepen-
dent course, since it must ever first inquire if the
measure it proposes to take will be popular with the
multitude ! Thus, say the Royalists, it is not King,
Peers, and Deputies who govern France; but one
hundred thousand National Guards of Paris, and its
env roes ! Furtermore, say these men, we object
to this institution as well for the sake of the people
as for the sake of the Government, since, should the
people desire to change the form of the Govern-
ment, or to change the reigning dynasty, or to
make a new Charter, or to overthrow the Peerage,
and form a Senate in its place, the people would
ever be prevented from doing so by these armed
Guards, who are bound at all hazards to maintain
peace.
These objections are met as follows :-Ist. The
Guards are citizens, and have the same rights,
wishes, and duties as other citizens. 2d. The
Guards do not merge their rights of citizens in their
character of Guards. 3d. The citizens are the people,
and the country have the right to govern by their
representatives. 4th. The Guards will preserve
peace and order that the national representatives
may make the laws, and the Government enforce
them. But .sth. That in case the representatives
of the people should betray them, or in case the Go-
vernment should act against the laws, and seek to
overthrow them, then the Guards would defend the
laws and the people, against the Government and
representatives of the nation, and would secure to
France that liberty which she recognized for herself
by the revolution of July. The difference between
the Royalists and the Guards consists in this—that
the former look upon a Government as having inte-
rests detached from, or even opposed to those of the
people—whilst the latter look upon a Government
as the organ of the people—and the representatives
of the wishes and wants of the millions. The
Royalists think a King has a right to govern, be-
cause he was born a King—but the Guards think a
King has a right to govern, because the people have
elected him. .

I have thus presented to you the objections and
the replies ; and I am not much diposed to offer
any opinion on the result of the controversy. I may,
however, observe, that if the revolution of July had
fairly marched, these objections would never have
arisen, and the Guards themselves would have had
no occupation. The mobs have not been the ne-
cessary result of the revolution : but have been the
expression of public opinion at the arrest of that re-
volution. The journals which are are anti-mi-
nisterial do not form, but express public opinion.
It is public opinion which is not at rest—not sati-
fied or calm. The patient is ill, and though the
doctor tells him he is cured, yet he rejects the as-
surance, and says, I feel that I am not convalescent.
The rise in the Funds during the past fourteen
days I must not forget to refer to, or I shall offend
those of your readers who still take the price of the
Funds as the criterion of public opinion and con-
fidence. You know when the Three per Cents.
were down to 46f. I told you not to despair ; I told
you that the prices would rally, and that all these
things would find their level and their value. This
has already come to pass. The Three per Cents.
are at 67f., being a rise of 21 per cent in less than
rarty days ; and the Five per Cents., which were
at 76f., are now at 93f., which is a rise of 17 per
cent. We do not want money in France ! In the
departments money is not worth more than from
to 2
per cent. The Government is talking of
reducing the rate of interest it pays on Treasury
Bonds. Multitudes crowd to the Minister of Fi-
nance, and offer money at five per cent. for five
years. The revolution begins to be understood.
The strength and power of France begins to b. felt
and acknowledged. The millions perceive that
they shall obtain in the end all they claim, though
The
rfoenrtiitertlsie have bought
hav
struggleetobackinto and
the publiccontend. Funds.
They sold out at 50, and now buy back at 66. This
is not very good calculation on their part ; but the
rentier is a timid man, who starts at his own sha-
dow, and swears that he saw a ghost. The ex-
change with England is in our favour. English
bank notes were worth twenty-five francs and ten
sous some months since; but now the price is
twenty-Ave francs and one sous. The royalists be-
gin to think they have been more frightened than
hurt. The nomination of M. Yeller pleases them.
The dispersion of mobs by an armed force delights
them ; and so they buy back rentes, and say that
Charles X. knew who was the best of the Liberals,
for that it was Perier who was named by the Ex-
King, when in July he agreed to withdraw the or-
dinances. Thus there are various reasons for the
rise in the Funds, which may be thus class Tied :-
Ist. Because the Casimir Perier Ministry is po-
pular with the rentiers, royalists, and proprietors ;
2d. Because the wealthy, and those who can
buy rentes, hope and believe that peace will be
moiipreservedeyin t,r3ad.
nceßecause4ththereßc is superabundance
Because
u sea
English
tjnds of
are
re
too'high at 82, and Russian Funds too uncertain at
any price for investment just now; and .sth, Because
the position of trade and manufactures, though some-
what improved, is not yet such as to induce those
who have ready money, to place them in specula-
tion; and so they buy rentes !—There may be other
local and personal reasons, such as the interest of
the Government to make a rise, and the interest of
the loan-takers to assist it—and, finally, the financial
operations of some two or three large capitalists, in-
cluding the names of Aguado and Rothschild.
To•day my letter must be short, as I must be pre-
sent at the review, and already the battalion is as-
sembling under my windows.
I had hoped to have found time •to have said
something about Poland, but I must confine myself
to one remark—that the news of the defeat of
Dwernicki is not certain; that the Government
doubts it; that no official account of it has reached
us ; and that I am riot without reason for hoping
that it is an invention of the Augsburg; Gazette._

Your obedient servant,

0. P. 2.

FASHIONABLE MATRIMONY.—The story
of the " Married Man," in the volumes published under the
title of" Wedded Life in the Upper Ranks," forms a cu-
rious exposure of those sordid unions which are too com-
mon among our aristocracy, and which are styled " Ma-
riages de Convenance." The hero in his extreme fastidi-
ousness of choice, and determination to " marry well,"
falls into the snare of a fern de manceuverer, and the result
is edifyingly developed by thenobl.e authoress, who must
doubtless have had' some " living instance" in her Con-
templation.

LAW INTELLIGENCt.

PREROGATIVE COURT, MA r • 17.
WHEELER AND BATSFORD V. ALDERSON.

This was a suit to tty the validity of the will of the
late Mrs. Elizabeth Morris, promoted by the next of
kin, and the details of the evidence read are of a
most extraordinary character. The deceased died
in March, 1830, and left personal property to the
extent of 70,000/. She made a will in July, 1822,
by which about 35,000/. were given to 'Air. H.
'Wheeler, the deceased's stock-broker, and Mr. C.
Batsford, her solicitor, and drawer of the will. The
will was opposA by Mr. T. D. Alderson, second
cousin to the deceased, on the ground that the de-
ceased was of unsound mind. The evidence already
taken is of a most voluminous nature, and the
cause will occupy some days.
Dr. LESHINGTON and Dr. lIODsoN appeared as
Counsel for the executors and residuary legatee;,
and the KING'S ADVOCATE awl Dr. NICHOL for Mr.
Alderson.

The COURT was occupied nearly the whole of
this day in hearing a portion of the evidence read.
The deceased was a most extraordinary character.
She was a descendant of Sir Isaac Newton, and in-
herited a large property. She married, under very
curious circumstances, a Mr. Morris, in 1795, and
has been a widow since 1806. The witnesses in
support of the opponents of the will, at great length,
have deposed as to the extraordinary conduct of the
deceased, who resided at llorsleydown. She was
in the habit of drinking to excess, and acting in the
most disgusting manner. The servants of the de-
ceased, who have been examined, stated that their
late mistress used to be called by them the mad
Mrs. Morris. She was in the habit of dressing in
the most fantastical manner, wearing many-coloured
clothes—sometimes very valuable, and other times
very bad : we icing diamond and other rings
on her fingers, of the value of 1,300/. or 1,4001.
She would walk in the depth of winter, and in the
middle of the rain, without any bonnet or umbrella,
and a small gauze handkerchief only over her neck,
with her gown exceedingly low, and her petticoats
very short. When spoke to as to the improper mode
of her dress, she replied that she wished she could
do without clothes. She was exceedingly fond of
setting men to fight, and rewarding the conqueror.
She had a strong aversion to children, and, when
riding out in the carriage, would say to the coach-
man that she would give a guinea for every little
bastard he ran over. The story of her marriage
with her late husband, as related by herself, was
most extraordinary. She went out one morning as
usual, with her basket, to go to the market, and met
Mr. Morris, whom she bad known seven or eight
days previously. He asked her if she was going to
town, and she replied " Yes." On going along,
Mr. Morris asked her if she had ever seen a mar-
riage, and she replied " No ;" and then Mr. Morris
said she should see one : that he took her into a
church in Cheapside or Lombard-street, and they
went up to the Communion-table. Deceased asked
where the parties were; when Mr. Morris said
" We are the parties; I have got the ring, and all is
ready." Deceased answered " Well, if it must be
so, it must be so;" and they were married. Her
relations did not know of the' transaction for two
months. After her husband's death she had fic-
quently offered marriage to men—on one occasion
to a waiter—declaring she was 3 descendant of the
great Sir Isaac Newton. She had a great fear of
being poisoned. She received her own dividends,
and managed her own affairs. She wore a glazed
cotton gown as her dress gown for three summers.
Her conduct altogether was most extraordnaiy,
talking to the lowest characters in the streets, and
in-doors paid great attention to cats and dolls, and
had six wooden horses, which she had drawn. To
her favourite cat, Mungo, she declared she would
leave money for its support. She u-ed to behave
most indecently, frequently showing her legs, &c.
and admiring th-m, and saying that many men had
fallen in love with her. She was most ordinary in
her person. She used to drive four horses in her
carriage, and on one occasion returned with six
horses, each having a postillion, to whom she gave
drink. She was exceedingly dirty in her person.—
She had no religious opinions and paid no attention
to Sunday. Other evidence was read, which is
wholly unfit for publication. Every one considered
the deceased crazy. Sir F. Colombine Daniel used
to visit the deceased, and play the fool to her, en-
couraging her in all her extraordinary practices, and
had borrowed money of her.

Sir JOHN NtcHoLL postponed the further hearing
of the evidence till next Court day.

TIIE ELECTIONS.—WC must do these Tories
the justice to admit that they have proved very agreeable
enemies. They have left nothing undone for the com-
pleteness of their discomfiture. They have shown the
councils which the Gods were supposed to inspire when
they desired to destroy. They have acted as possessed of
devils, and, like the swine, have rushed rampantly on de-
s.ruction. We are greatly obliged to them: as adver-
saries, they have left us nothing to desire—they have
worked out problems, like practical men as they are, to
some conclusive and most valuable demonstrations. They
have flung themselves against the tide, as if with merely
the accommodating design of affording the most convincing
evidence of its set and force. Here and there one of them
has caught an eddy along the mud and banks, *I
sluggishly floated up with it against the direction
of the train stream, crying out that he is in the
course of the flood ; but do we not all see the crooked
turn or rotten stump that makes the back-water on which he
creeps, and distihguish it from the main current in which so
mangy• pour Tories, having got out of their depths, have been
swept down, or swallowed up ? There we have seen many
of the poor shivering creatures, stark boroughmongers,
standing in undisguised shame on the hanks, preparing for
a pig's swim against the tide ; but having eyed the boiling
current and noted its impetus, they have in prudent dismay
turned their backs upon the adventure, retraced their steps
through the mud, and quietly withdrawn to the obscurity
of time willows. It is as easy t dispute about the set of
puhlic opinion as about the course of the Niger, till men
commit themselves to it, when the drift settles the question
beyond dispute. We have to thank tile Tories for having
put every thing out of doubt. Though they are not work-
ing the State vessel, yet they perform the useful service of
the log, which being thrown overhoard, marks her rate of
progress by the distance it is left behind. The Tory party
is now an excellent 10.4, whatever may have been its faults
in another capacity for which a log, stationary as it is, has
no aptitude. The eeetion has been a good lire to it ;
semi, making all allowances for leeway and partial currents,
we may reckon on having gained more than an hundred
}snots.—Examiner.

BIRTHS.

On the 17th inst. ill Ifm.,erilrosNenor„strect, the lady of W
Il.s.ooper, Esq., of a daughter.
. _

On the i7tu lust. at Cial;ilain, the lady of T. Hankey, Esq., of
a daughter.
On the 18th inst. at the Palace at Fulham, Mrs. Blomfield,
of a sop.

_
On the 11th inst. in Stratton-street, the lady of Lieut.-Colonel
Barnard, of a son and heir.

On the 18th inst. in James-street, Buckingham-gate, the lady
of W. Ilothcry, Esq., jun., of a daughter..o
On the 16th inst. the lady of the Rev. C. Baring, of a son.

MARRIED.
On the 19th inst. at St. George's, Hanover-square, William,
eldest son of Sir Wm. Curtis, Bart. to Georgiana Maria, eldest
daughter of the late John Stratton, Esq., of Portugal-street,
Grosvenor-square, and of Farthinghae Lodge, in the county of
Non hampton.
On the 17th inst. at Kensington Church, and afterwards at the
Catholic Chapel, Maximilian Joseph Jaques Bernhardt, M.D. to
Mademoiselle Julie Corbet Cahnus.
On the 15th inst. at St. Saviour's, Southwark, J. Dashwood,
Esq., eldest son of the Rev. J. )ashwood, Beccles, Suffolk, to
the third
Matilda,
On the Itith inst. at Cossey, Norfolk, G. Taylor, Esq. M.D.,
of Kingston-upon-Thames, to Jane, second daughter of A.
Cooper, Es(. Inverness.
On the Eith inst. at Lee, near Blackheath, Mr. H. Reynolds,
c_eilt.ird daughter of the late S. Esq., Sutton-
at_llone,of Great Prescot-street, to Louisa, second daughter of Mr. W.
Taylor, of Ludgate-street.

DIED.
On the 17th inst. J. Robins, Esq. of 170, Regent-street, and
Norwood-green, Middlesex.
On the Vqh inst. the Rev. Henry Alexander de la Fite, A.M.,
Evening Lecturer of St. Paul's, Covent-garden, &c.
On the :26th of March, at sea, near St. Helena, on board the
ship Nancy, hound from Calcutta to Bordeaux, J. Carnegie, Esq.,
jun. of the East India Company's Bengal Civil Service.
On the 14th inst. at Prescot, Lancashire, Mrs. Atherton, relict
of the late \V. Atherton, Esq.
On the 17th inst. aged 33, Sarah, wife of Mr. J. R. Jackson, of
Cork-street, Burlington-gardens.
On the 17th init. at Deal, Clara, the wife of Capt. Wm. Jull,
of the 64th Regiment, aged 25.

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