The Sun.
London, England, 1831-06-03 00:00:00

SPORTING iNTELLIGENCE.

ASCOT-HEATH RACES.—( TmuftsnA
The Derby at Epsom and the Gold Cop at Ascot bays
invariably proved so attractive, as to obtain for Thurs-
lay the reputation of being the grand day. At the former
dace the great sporting race maintains its celehrirc, while
t the latter, the cup no longer boasts of any pi culiar inte-
est, having, as we stated in our notice of the first day,
•een suffered to become secondary to almost every other
,etee in the list. In real sport tie first day claims Kee,.
hence, the third dry having now only a prescriptive rieht
ei it. It is clear that the expectation of " seeing the
King" is paramount over every other consideration with
three-fourths of these who visit Ascot. Without this
attraction, certain are we that the brilliant company assem-
bled on the Heath yesterday, would have been fewer by
come thousands ; but with this, added to the greet popu-
lerity of the Sovereign, the assemblage yesterday was
.qual to the splendid " cup day" in 1529, when the great
eentest between Zinganee, Marnellike, Cadland, The
Colonel, and other famous racers, created an interest that
if itself would have ensured a full attendance. The route
.o Ascot was free from the difficulties and annoyances that
ire so plentiful on the Derby day, and it was not till we
reached the neighbourhood of Egham, that the vast num-
' tiers approaching from all quarters berates aware of any
stoppage, nor was this of a nature to occasion any serious
delay; we did not hear of any accident in any part
of the road. At one o'clock the heath was literally covered ;
the apparently endless line of carriaces bedecked with
nature's fairest flowers, making their way to the ground,
and the countless number of horsemen and pedestrians.
gave a degree of animation to the scene that no other
course can rival. The stands were speedily filled, and the
sides of that part of the ground appropriated to the straight
run in lined with carriages four or five deep. The arrival
of the Royal cortege was now awaited with considerable
anxiety, and " is the King coming?" was the question
asked at every stand, except that occupied by the betting
men, and here the only query was, " what will you bet on
the field?" Speculation was the order of the day, and tl•e
approach of the King was in no other respect of interest
than that of giving the signal for " business." To the
gratification of all parties, the shouts of those who bad sta-
tioned themselves at that point where the Royal procession
is first observed, announced the approach of their Majes-
ties. It took place a few minutes after ene o'clock, in the
same order as on Tuesday. The procession consisted of
eleven carriages, beaded by four of the principal foresters
in splendid green liveries, each carriage being followed by
two grooms in scarlet. It was met on reaching the verge
of the course by Viscount Anson and a considerable number
of yeomen prickers. As the cortege slowly made its way
up the course, the cheering and waving of hats was enthu-
siastic, and were repeated on the appearance of their Ma-
jesties at the window of the Royal Stand with a still greater
degree of energy. Their Majesties acknowledged the
greeting of the spectators with a cordial affability that
elicited " one cheer more." His Majesty was'accompanied
in his carriage by Lord Albemarle, Sir A. Barnard, and
Prince Leopold. In her Majesty's carriage was the Queen,
her sister, the Duke of Saxe Weimar and eons, and Prince
George of Cambridge. The King was attired in a suit of
plain black, and the Queen in a lilac dress, sable boa, and
light straw bonnet.
_ _

-Besides their Majesties, the Royal party was composed
of hrr Serene Highness the Duchess of Saxe Weimar and
her sons, Prince George of Cumberland, and his Royal
Highness Prince Leopold.
The suite consisted of the Duke of Dorset, Duke of
Richmond, Madame D'E,te, Lord Albemarle, Earl Minister,
Lord F. Fitzclarence, Earl and Countess Grey, and the
Ladies Grey, Sir A. Barnard, Lord Howe, Miss Gore,
Rev. E. Fitzclarence, Marquis and Marchioness of Ely,
Prince Esterhazy, Sir H. Taylor, Sir F. Watson, Earl of
Belfast, Lord Valletort, &c.

In the course of the afternoon several Noblemen and
gentlemen were presented to their Majesties, and had the
honour of an invitation to partake of the refreshments
proviied for the occasion. Their Majesties seemed to
enter into the spirit of the scene, which certainly was of
the most gorgeous and imposing description. The only
drawbacks were, the intense heat of the sun, the dusty
state of the course, and the inconvenience resulting from
the immense concourse of people collected on the heath.
The Royal party remained in the stand till after the plate
race, and then departed amidst tremendous acclamations.
Many of the Nobility left at the same time.
We noticed many of the nobility, &c., and are enabled
to give the following list :—Duke of Grafton, Marquis of
Worcester, Marquis of Exeter, Marquis of Graham, Mar-
quis of Tavistock, Marquis and Marchioness of London-
derry, Marquis Clanricsrde, Earl of Verulam, Earl and
Countess of Jersey, Earl Wilton, Earl and Countess of
Chesterfield, Earl Orford, Earl of Southampton, Earl
Stradbrooke, Lord 13rudenell, Lord Villiers, Lord Ra-
nelagli, Lord Gardiner, Lord Lowther, Lord and Lady
Anson, Lord Fitzharris, Lord G. Bentinck, Lord John
Fitzroy, Lord James Fitzroy, Lord W. Lennox, Lord Lit-
ford, Lord Forester, Lord Manners, Lord Allen, Counts
Batiany and Matuschevitz, lion. R. Grosvenor, Hon. Co-
lonel and Mrs. Anson, Hon. C. Forester, Hon. B. Craven,
lion. F. Stanhope, Colonel Cosby, Colonel Sowerby,
Colonel Russell, Colonel Peel, Colonel Udney, Colonel
Wood, Colonel Charteris, Colonel Drummond, Captain:
Byng, Ciptain Grant, Captain Buller, Captain Bulke!ey,
Captain Bouverie, Captain Hunter, Messrs. C. Greville,
Batson, Stonehewer, S. Stanley, Locke, Rush, Wadding-
ton, &c. ; Sir Mark Wood, Sir Vincent Cotton, Sir
Lewyn Glyn, and Sir S. Graham. There were many
other members of the fashionable world, whose names we
were unable to get owing to the almost impenetrable mass
lof people opposite the royal stand.

In the course of the day several impudent robberies were
effected in spite of the exertions. of the police, who were
scarcely in sufficient force to clear the ground for running ;
several of the thieves were secured, and plenty of thimble
tables hi oken up. Of the racing we are enabled to speak
in high terms—it was excellent, and gave general satis-
faction ; the Cup-race, in particular, was contested with
great severity. The sports commenced about half-past
one, and (lid not terminate under four bouts; we subjoin
correct details of the running, betting, &c.
Match, 200 NOM each, h. ft. each. New Mile.
Lord Verulam's Vestris received front the Dukc of Rutland's
Clansman..

The Windsor Forest Stakes of 50 sovereigns each, for
3 year old fillies, Bst. 41b. The Old Mile. 4 subs.
Lord Exeter's Marmora walked over.

The Royal Stakes of 100 sovereigns each, h. ft. for three
year-old colts. The Old Mile. Seven subs
Lord Exeter's Hamus, by Sultan
Duke of Portland's Amphictyon
Duke of Richmond's Lochinvar

sto 2 on Haemus• Amphictyon made play till near
the turn, when it became a sharp contest for the whip-
hand and the lead between him and Il:emus; the latter
obtained it with the lead, maintained it to the end, and won
c'everly by half a length,---rode by Arnull, Amphictyoa
by J. Day, and Lochinvar by Boyce.
The Gold Cup, value 100 soya. About two miles and a

half. Five subscribers.
Sir M. Wood's Cetus, 4 yrs
Lord Exeter's Augustus, 4 yrs.

Betting-6 to son Cetus. Augustus made all the run-
ning to the distance, where he really looked like a win-
ner ; Robinson, however, now brought up little Cetus,
who ultimately heat him by a head, after a severe punish-
ing race. Arnull rode the loser. The betting was very
heAvy, the backers of Augustus being numerous, notwith-
standing he had been on the muzz'e three successive nights.
The cup is worth 1001. ; but of this Sir M. Wood pays
401. for his two horses, clearin4 only 601.
Sweepstakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft., for 2 yr olds.*
T.Y.C. 10 subs.
Lord Exeter's c., by Sultan—Miss Cantley
Colonel Peel's ch. c., by Bedlatnite—Zora .
Six others started but were not placed.

Betting-6 to 4 agst Archibald, 4to 1 agst Bizarre,
5 to 1 agst Zora, and 5 to 1 agst Miss Cantley. After two
or three false starts they came away at their best pace,
and kept well together as far as the betting stand, where
Miss Cantley, Zora, and Bizarre left the crowd, and ran
a pretty race home, Miss Cantley winning by half a length
only, rode by Arnull; Zora, by Chapple. The winner
was heat in the Two-year-old Stakes on Wednesday.
A Plate of 50/. Mares allowed Sib. ; winners extra.
Mile and a half.
Lord Worcester's Carthago, aged 1
Sir G. Heathcote's Cantatrice, 4 yrs
3 to 1 on Carthago, who won by a length easy.
Match, 100 sees. Two miles.

Mr. Gardnor's Leander, 3 yrs., 7st. (Mavis;, beat Mr. Docke.
ray's Abel, 5 yrs., Sst. 91b. No betting.
Match, 50 sovs. New mile.
--•

Mr. Weeks's Dolly Spicer, 5 yrs., Sst. llib beat Captain An
dcrson's Jonathan, 4 yrs., It. 41b. sto
enDolly. _ _

Seventeen horses are named for the Wokinghatn Stakes,
to be run this day.

THE DY.P.IIT, 1832.
Miss Cantley is backed at 25 to 1.

thebut when
ry can d 0
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I Ha obSo
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bespokeN I A Tf,
rMilAjDfßa
elsD:oilvt informed
ae
by the Correo de Madrid, that, on the day Of Rosszur's
arrival last month, the Parbiere di Seciolia was ordered,
and Krxa
arrived to witness the performance, itossxxx quitted his
box, and appearing io the orchestra, took on binlrif the
iCe to
the applause with which this " spoiled child of Europe,"
directiona s tepeoopflethoef°llPlearralr-i d tNerom"huißml
monicon for June 1.

%PIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

The Lord Chancellor's decision in the case of the'
school of Ashby-de-la-Zouch is one of much jrn-
portance to the diffusion of .ekieral Isnqvledgc. His
Lordship, in confirmation of the MaAre's Report in
1806, decided that the school was not for instruc-
tion in the learned langnsges only, but for the com-
munication of the mi'acir branches cfscience, " ju-
venes puerog if!frrnles et pari.Kl73' being mentione'll
in the foundation Act,---persons, in fact, ttn: young
to he taught Latin and nothing 1-wt Latin. Every
body knows that in the reigns iot Edward VI. and
Queen Elizabeth, the ttge for founding grammar-
scimois, many such were established for the exclu-
sive purpose of teaching the learned lariguagt., in
order to supply the means of education which had
been lost by the destruction of the monastic esta-
blishments, and also to counteract the advantage
which the Popish Clergy (still existing in large
numbers) posse•sed, from the knowledge of ancient
literature. But it is also known, that many schools,
established for more general instrirction, have been
since raised into the rank of gtammar schools by
which the poor have been deprived of the advan-
tages originally intended for them; mid it is most
desirable that all establishments of the latter charac-
ter should be restored to their original destination.
Several causes tended to divert the scheoiN from the

purposes for which they were egts'olished. First,
the improvement of their funds, through the ever-
it•creasing value of property, offered tempt'tion to
men from the two Universities ; and Next, it wag

regal), difficult to procure masters 'who had not too
much learning for common and ordinary instruction,
pct.-cts of moderate attainment haring tenerally
Mien into the more active pursuits of life. But now
the latter evil is remedied t.y the discovery of the
Bell and Lancasterian systems, and by the proper
qualifications of masters to impart general kfr2vvledge
—reading, writing, and accounts. Vi're can be no

reason, therefore, why school/ 7s'nould not be ren-
dered generally useful, according to the spirit of the
time, in which we live, and according to that spirit

which does positively direct the formation of sth.ools
at present. And let not any one think that there is
a levelling principle in this doctrine. It is in fact
the reverse of levelling. Eminent attainments,
wherever they exist, will even possess increased dis-

tinction. The totally illiterate are incapable
of appreciating them. But by whom are learning
and talents admired ? Br those who possess minor
degrees of the same qualities, and are aware with
what difficulty thry are attained. Education, gene-
rally diffused, will but serve to exalt genius the
more; and rank, when adorned with virtue and ern,

bellished by science, Nvill make the greater impres-
sion on the general mind.—Times.
Mr. O'Connell, fortunately for his own reputa-
tion,—and indeed, it may be added, for the peace,
able success of the Reform cause in Ireland,—re-
served his objections to the details of the measure,
_ .

in so far as they affect the Irish representation, un-
til now; which is undoubtedly no improper season
for laying them before the country. The Learned
Gentleman has just published a long and elaborate
letter, wherein he states the defects v:hich ought to
be supplied in the Bill, if the Legislature be de-
sirous to render equal justice to Ireland with other
portions of the United Kingdom. We are by no
means prepared to affirm that all the strictures of
Mr. O'Connell on the Bill, as proposed by his Ma-
je,ty's Ministers, are unfounded. The Learned
Gentleman reasons rather loosely, in many in-

stances, as befits an advocate, who, not being
always able to adjust the interests he espouses
to the facts of the case, must content him•

self occasionally with forgetting those facts
from which he can derive no benefit. The wants
-which he insists upon making good are two-fold :-
Ist, in the numbers of the Irish constituency ; 2d,
in those of the representative body. He asserts
that the town qualification is too high, as compared
with England, 101. rent being more for Ireland than
the same sum is here. Mr. O'Connell must be
better acquainted than we are with the class of per-
sons who occupy us tenants the 101. houses in the
towns of Ireland. We have our own doubts whether
thatclass of Irishmen be so well informed and inde-
pendent as the same denomination of Englishmen,

although perhaps it may be admitted, that so far as
mere intelligence goes, the poorer order of Irishmen
—namely, the labourers—are generally almost as
sharpwitted and clever as the like description of the
people of this country. But when we come to
those inhabitants of the two islands upon whom
something more than the most elementary education
has been bestowed,—who are raised above the neces-
sity of manual labour, and approach the station of
men of the middle class,—it has been alleged to us
by persons well acquainted with both countries,
that the whole advantage is on the side of our
English fellow-citizens. However, the truth is pro-
bably not quite out of reach, although at best it
can be no more than matter of opinion, as also
must the answer to another question be considered,
viz.—whether, since there is neither house-tax nor
window-tax in Ireland—imposts o hich tend greatly
to diminish rent amongst ourselves—the same de-
scription of dwelling which goes for 101. in an
English country town, may not find Irish occu-
pants inclined to pay more for it, instead of its
fetching less, as Mr. O'Connell takes for granted.
This may be going too curiously into calculations,
which cannot, in any case, lead to decisive results.
It is more to the purpose to protest at once against
the principle assumed, though not proclaimed, by the
Learned Gentlemen, throughout his entire argument,
namely, that population—mere population—ought
to determine the number both of representatives
and electors. Every one may understand Mr.
O'Connell's willingness to re-admit forty-shilling
freeholders to the Irish franchise, and to lower the
bousehold qualification to five pounds instead of ten
pounds. The Learned Gentleman has no dread
of mobs, whom he has used, and most effectively,
for his instruments, by the consummate skill with
which he moves and guides, and not unfrequently
controuls, their passions. He likes the forty-shil-
ling freeholders, because he has experience of the fa-
cility with which he has himself divested them of
one noxious characteristic—to wit, subserviency to
their landlords—and substituted for it another, not at
all less fearful, in the shape of political fanaticism.
We differ wholly from the Learned Gentleman in
demanding 40s. ft eeholders for Ireland because Eng-
land still retains them,--but only for a season. The
English 40s. freeholder has, in nineteen cases out of
twenty, some substantial property besides his paltry
freehold. The Irishman never had any, and was
prevented by his landlord from possessing it lest he
might be less a dependent. " Ireland," says dr.
O'Connell," " has no copyholder', and there-
fore she ought to get a great many other voters."
Why ? It is possible that the amount of Irish
freehold property may be, in comparison, as great
as that of English property, both copyhold and
,_r,:end ,
ho,lcl,—that Ireland may have been already
e believe that to be the case) as well pro-
vided with a county constituency as England will
be after the passing of the Bill. In the principle
of another proposition of Mr. O'Connell, we are
disposed to concur,—namely to make the leasehold
qualification in counties consist of azclear yearly
profit of a moderate sum, (he says 101. ayear, we
say 200, arising from a lease for twenty-one
rather than take as the basis of qualificato
the
years,
mere payment of a rent of 501. As for giving to
Ireland an increased number of representatives, we
would not quarrel much with Mr. O'Connell about
adding one or two more representatives for Dublin,
and letting each of the five or six great towns be-
sides return two Members instead of one. But we
a-sent to such a proposal from a consideration of
what is due to the property arid intelligence of such
places)—not to their inhabitants, as furnished by
the census. There is no reason why every sug-
gestion contained in Mr. O'Connell's letter should
not be calmly debated in arliament before the sub-
ject of the Reform Bill beP closed.—Tinies.
Already sufficient reason has been afforded us for
the conviction that we did no more than justice to
his Majesty's Ministers in_expressing our total dis-

belief of any `conteen Or priority on their part in the
harsh and tasteless discontinuance Of the pension%

trestewed during the former reign of gentlemen dis-
tinguished by their eminence in the literary world.
We tire new ass'aured, and on the best information;
that 's nis Majesty's Ministers are entieelr gtiltiess
of the act." It is further ro iit that Lord Grey,
on finding that 7:!1`.% 'oleridge had lost, through the
Aemin 61 an authority distinct from that of the
ding's responsible servants, the pittance on which
he had hitherto existed, has agreed to grant him an
annuity equal to that withdrawn froth him, though
issuing out of a fund whith is only temporary.
This conduct does honour to Lord Grey, And we
trust that his Lordship will have nerve arid genero-
sity to put the colleagues of Mr. Coleridge also on
some less miserable footing than that to which
treatment siThile to what he has experienced :gust
ere now have reduced them. The truth is, that the

pensions were supplied 1.)- order of George IV.
from the Privy Purse, over which, as it is well un•
derstoed by Parliament, no person has aothoity but
the King himself. However; if we are not mis-
taken, the act, which wa'i a blunder, will in one way
or other be reptl'i-red. The Press is a powerful pfo--
teeter ti the destitute, and an honest..--,,if not always

a welcome—friend to those Whom it reminds of
lapses in their dutimes.

A contTnporary, the Times, alluding to the state -
menl which we copied from the .Enfirlitmah's Ma-
gazine respecting an intimation said to have been
given to the Astoti7ttes of the Royal Society of
Literature-, tilat they must expect the small allow-
ante hitherto paid to them by the State " shohly"
to cease, contrasted this intimatittl with the aver-
ment lately made Ito jastrry the continuance of the
pensions
." rtiti for by money wrung from the
people of this country, to parties who could no
j otherwise have earned them but by some species of

prostitution;" that " there teemed to be a point of
honour involved in the continuance of the Pension

List; forasmuch as the parties, although formally
receiving the granta of such pensions from the life of
the reigning Sovereign, had understood them to be for
their own lives, and therefore that there would be po-
sitive cruelty, and indeed a substantial breach of faith
in their withdrawal." It certainlyhas an awkward
appearance, that the only pensions, respecting the
continuance of which there should he any hesita-

lion, are those to men who have acquired a name in
letters, and reflected lustre on their country. But
so it is with every thing in this country. Once ad-
mit any class of men to have the disposal of the re.
sources of a nation, without responsibility, and they
will divide among themselves all that is worth divid-
ing. Boroughmongering, Parliamentary interest,
and so forth, mean a mortgage on the resources of
the nation, for all beyond what goes for the pay-
ment of mere drudgery; and whoever is Minister
must set apart funds for the mortgagee, if he hopes
to be allowed to retain his place. All the fraud, all
the hypocrisy, all the peculation, all the immo-
rality of this country have their chief source in
boroughmongering. Till we destroy this monster,
we must be prepared to see all that might contribute
to the honour and lustre of the country wasted on
the most worthless of the community. There are in
England immenseendowments for the encouragement
of learning ; but they have been systematically mis-
applied. Wherever the reward exceeds what would
be given for porter's work, it is appropriated ty the
possessors of Parliamentary interest for those in
whom they are interested. When Queen Caroline
wished to raise the allowance paid by the State to
the celebrated Halley, he intreated her to lay aside
all such intention, because, if the allowance were to
be increased, it would soon become the prey of some
of the brood of the nobility. To say nothing of the
other funds for learning, we have in England the
richest Church in Europe. But it is allowed on all
hands, that what little learning there is in the Church
is to be found among those who have no Church
preferment, and can hardly hope to have any. The
hideous corruption in that Establishment has been
exposed in a most masterly manner by a Mr.
Beverley, of Beverley, in a letter to the Arch-
bishop of York, which has already reached the
sixth edition. Mr. Beverley says, that this
Church, which is crammed to satiety with wealth,
ranks so low in scholarship, that in the whole
of the jurisdiction of the Archbishop there are but
two Clergymen with any claim to the title of
scholar ; one of them Archdeacon Wratigham.—
The whole of the enormous revenues of the Church,
raised in so oppressive a manner, are thus bestowed
on men who have no other claim to them than that
they are connected with the possessors of Parlia-
men ary interest, and are too stupid or too lazy to
obtain a subsistence by the exercise of their talents
and industry. It would be even well if the money
were merely wasted ; but, unfortunately, the re-
ceivers of it dedicate in general what little abilities
and industry they possess to the support of the
corrupt system to which they are indebted for it.—
Mr. Beverley, of whose pamphlet an ample account
will be found in the Monthly Review for May last,
considers the Church mere in a religious than in a
literary point of view.
" Our Reverend Pastors (he says) present us a strange
picture of Christianity in their sermons, their charges, and
their tracts. According to their notions, the Apostles, or
at least the immediate disciples of the Apostles, were Reve-
rend Gentlemen, residing on wealthy livings, preaching
fifty-two written, printed, or lithographed sermons in the
course of the year, and securing livings for their clerical, or
comtnissions in the Roman army for their military, sons.
In that golden age, according to their system, all the world
was not only taxed by Caesar, but tithed by Cxsar, for the
benefit of the primitive Clergy ; and the Priests of the
first three centuries amused themselves with card.playing,
fox-hunting, horse-racing, shooting, fishing, and dancing,
as they do at present. Pluralities were multiplied, and
translations were frequent. St. Paul had a golden pre-
bend of Philippi, a large living at Rome, another at Thes-
alonics, and was besides " the Very Reverend" the Dean
of Corinth. St. Peter was translated from the Bishopric
of Babylon to that of Rome, and St. James was enthroned
at Jerusalem, with great pomp and large lawn sleeves,
after having subscribed the Thirty-nine Articles, according
A
to rsct of
take the See of Jericho, but he preferred holding the
Deanery of Napthali, with the great Living of Succoth,
which last was of the clear yearly value of 8,000/. and
besides was encumbered with very little duty, as there
were only seven hundred persons in the parish, five hun-
dred of whom did not believe in the Christian Religion.
St. Clement died worth twelve hundred thousand pounds
in the Three per Cent. Consols, the careful savings of
forty years' episcopacy; and Irenteus, having been a tutor
to a Consul's son, had the Primacy of Rome offered him,
which, however, be refused, being content with the
Bishopric of Lyons."
We have no w ish at present to enter this wide
field. This, however, we will venture to state, that
till the State be purified, the revenues of the Church
will continue to be misapplied. It is well known
that even in their own particular field, theology, the
English clergy make few advances. It has been
well observed, that they do not even possess suf.
ficient learning to appreciate the labours of the
German theologians. It is not by learning that they
obtain their livings, and not by learning that they
can hope to improve them. After all, it is not an
easy matter to say how far a State like England
should afford encouragement to literature and
science. In such a country there will always be a
number of individuals possessed of the leisure and
the means for the cultivation of letters. What we
want is rather the removal of discouragement than
any positive encouragement. At present the enor-
mous masses of wealth of the church are bestowed
on men who have an interest in giving an improper
direction to the feelings of the influential classes re-
specting literature. Those Englishmen who now
roamwho, otoveorbtthaien7
justnitnrcytiforno:nclivant of occupation, and
highest mountains, would labour in
science, if science were
chronicle. h Id '
seems hardly credible that without outht
eo object the
l n te e
Government.n—s i
oii i o
cr
on
ui /
it gd
nhsa vwsth idce -
meditate the withdrawal of the small
a few eminent literary and scientific
rived for some years past from the bounty of the
Crown, while they preserve, in all its unpruned
luxuriance, the " charity" of the Pension List,
which " covers a multitude of sins," and leaves but

a small part of its wide mantle to Spread its foster.
ing protection over eminent virtues or meritorious
public services. In addition to the incredibility of
the report itself, we observe that an Evening Paper
((the a.tirier) gives it a sort of denial, which we
hope will turn out to be correct ; for it would in-
deed be disgraceful to any Government to advise the
Crown to withdraw its pittance from the intellec-
tuat and meritorioue claimants on its munificence,
while the country is largely taxed to support Patri-
cian pauperism, and to place the mt ins of luxurious
indolence within the reach of immorality and vice.
It has indeed been positively and publicly stated,
that intimation has been given to the ten associates
of the " Royal Society of Literature," who have
hitherto received 100 guineas from the King's an-
nual bounty, that " they must expect their al-
lowances very shortly to cease." The authority
for this statement is the " Gentleman's Magazine,"
which asserts it without qualification, and which, if it
be not true, could not have made a more defamatory
attack on the character of the preseht Administration,
We consider this matter quite distinct from any ques-
tion tthiching the claims of the " Royal Society of
Literature" to public estim ition or Royal patronage.
We must leave that Society itself to show what it
has done for the promotion of the real interests of
literature sine its establishment; but, whether it
succeed in making out a good case or not, it is cer-
tain that the greater number of the ten individuals
who receive the annual hundred guineas from the
Crown are men who, before that Society existed,
had rendered eminent service to the commonwealth
of letters. When we mention the names of Roscoe,
Coleridge, Sharon Turner, and Matthias, we think
it not too much to add that the Minister who would
counsel the Monarch to withdraw his annual bounty
from such men, at a time when the vicious profusion
of the Pension List is thought too sacred to be
touched by the pruning-knife of Reform, would
mistake a paltry and disreputable parsimony for that
judicious economy which knows how to wisely save,
and honourably expend, the resources of a nation.
We thought the Government committed a great
error when they defended the whole profligacy of
the Pension List on the pretext of charity—for, by
so doing, they greatly shook the confidence of the
country in the sincerity of their professions of put-
ting the principle of a just retrenchment into prac-
tice. But great would he the public indignation if
the double injustice were committed of sacrificing
the humble stipends of a few men of genius and
learning to the preservation of the whole obscure
horde of sycophants, titled paupers, and vicious
favourites—to pamper whom, at the public expence,
the Royal bounty is degraded. But we cannot an-
ticipate any thing so inconsistent with political pru-
dence, or so offensive to moral taste.—Morning
Herald.
Mr. O'Connell has published in the Irish papers
a long series of objections to different parts of the
Reform Bill, and some of our contemporaries have
been also indulging their vein for criticism, by mak-
ing petty objections, partly to some of the details,
and partly to one of the main principles of the Bill.
For our part, we are not inclined to meddle very ex-
tensively for the present, either with the one or the
other; arid for two reasons : first, that the Bill has
undergone, and is undergoing corrections, in its
mere details, which will render it more perfect be-
fore it he again submitted to Parliament ; and, se-
condly, because the Bill, as a whole, has received
he sanction of the country, and is not likely to be

improved by those who would persuade us that they
could manufacture a better. That the measure is
perfect, in every respect, we do not mean to assert;
for what legislative measure was ever perfect ? but

is the best which has ever been proposed; and

is not altogether unworthy of notice, that it is much
more easy to find fault with it, than to substitute a
better in its stead.—Morning Advertiser.
There has been some rioting at Whitehaven on
the occasion of political dinners held on the same
' day by the two parties respectively of Anti-
Reformers and Revolutionists, in which it appears
that the latter, being the weaker party, sustained
the most damage. Upon this occurrence the Mini-

sterial Press has unanimously adopted a tone o
fiery indignation, which we can scarcely regard as
either spontaneous or sincere, when we recollect the
equanimity of temper with which this same Press
attempted first to deny and then to extenuate, if not
to eulogise, the riotous excesses of the radical mob
in the metropolis, on the occasion of the Lord
Mayor's illumination, and the rabble brutalities
which, during the late election, overawed or co-
erced the voters in many parts of the country, in
the exercise of their legal and constitutional right.
The very vehement expressions of indignation
which daily meet our eye upon the tumult in Cum-
berland contrasts so remarkably with the language
which proceeded from the same sources, on every
other recent occasion of disorder (that they have
been neither few nor trivial we need not state), that
we should have been compelled to surmise some new
and concealed motive for a vigour of reprehension
at once so unnatural, so prompt, and so combined,
had we been left, which fortunately we are not,
entirely to our own conjectures upon the subject.
The Ministerial Press are not more unanimous in
their unwonted severity of animadversion upon this
case of riot, than in their recommendation to his
Majesty's Government of the course by which, in
their judgment, riots in Cumberland may be most
effectually prevented for the future. The advice is
short and pithy enough. It is the unanimous advice
of the daily organs of the Administration—" Dis-
miss the Earl of Lonsdale from the Lieutenantcy of
the county"—although not one of them pretends
that the Noble Earl, who, for a great number of
years, has represented the Sovereign in that part of
the kingdom with honour to himself and advantage
to the community, could have prevented the riot,
knew any thing of the riot, or had recently been
within a hundred miles of the place where the riot
occurred. We suppose there is nobody so dull as
not to comprehend from all this that Lord Brougham
has at least one very good friend in each of the
counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, whom
he thinks eminently fit for the office of Lord Lieu-
tenant. We suppose also that the Lords Lieu-
tenant and the Magistrates likewise of every other
county in England, such of them we mean who are
not revolutionists, will now begin to perceive that
under the present Administration they hold their com•
missions by a very precarious tenure.—Morn. Post.

SHIPS BEYOND THE VISIBLE HORIZON
SEEN IN THE AlR.—Captain SCORESBY, when navi-
gating the Greenland seas, observed several interesting
cases of unusual refraction. On the 28th of June, 1820,
he saw from the mast-head eighteen sail of ships at the
distance of about twelve miles. One of them was drawn
out, or lengthened, in a vertical direction ; another was
contracted in the same direction ; one had an inverted
image immediately above it ; and other two had two dis-
tinct inverted images above them, accompanied with two
images of the strata of ice. In 1822, Capt. SconEsiv
recognized his father's ship, the Fame, by its inverted
image in the air, although the ship itself was below the
horizon. He afterwards found that the ships was seven-
teen miles beyond the horizon, and its distance thirty
miles.—Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopccdia, Vol. XIX.
Treatise on Optics, by Dr. Brewster.
SINGULAR SUICIDE.—An inquest Was held
on Wednesday, at the Town of Ramsgate public-house,
Wapping, on the body of MARY ANN DESMOND, aged 18
years, who appeared to have been a well. grown and hand-
some young person. The facts elicited before the Jury-
were painfully interesting. The deceased was the daughter
Of a tradesman with a large family, and she was in the
'ervice of a professional gentleman at Islington, who,
having missed several small sums of money, on Wedt esdAy
se'nnight, suspected that she had purloined them, aid
sent for her gnotber. The girl confessed she had taken one
shilling, but declared that this was all. She was dis-
missed from her situation, and came away with ber
mother. She walked very fast, and her mother supposed
she had gone home; but she was not heard of till Wednes-
day morning, when the body was found in the river
Thames, near King Edward's Stairs. A letter Was
found in her boson:, stating " that in consequence of the
aisgrace she had brought upon her family, she had pre-
ferred a watery grave to appearing again amongst bee
brothers and sisteia. The Jury under the direction of
the COROVISR, retur..ed a verdict of " Found drowned."

SECOND EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, Seven o'clock.

1-1 E LONDON GAZETTE

OF TIIIS EVENING.

Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Essex.
Sir R. Wigram, Bart. ; Sir J. Fitzgerald, Bart. to he Deputy
Lieutenants, May 10:
West Essex Regular Militia.
Lieut.-Col. Tyrell to be Colonel, vice Strutt, resigned, April
27 ; Capt. Houblon to be Lieut.-Colonel, April
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County Palatine of
Lancaster.
T. 13. Birch, Esq. to be Deputy Lieutenant ; R. Edwards, Esq.
May 19.
Ist Battalion of the Duke of Lancaster's Own Regiment of Milan
J. Blanchard, Esq. to be Captain; C. P. Williams, Gent., to
Lieutenant, May /1.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Curr-
berland.
J. K. Wilson, Esq. to be Deputy Lieutenant, April 12.
Royal Curriberland Regiment of Militia.
J. K. Wilson, Esq. to be Major, vice Aglionby, resigned,
March 10. S. W. Lacy, Esq., Feb. 22, J. Willock, Esq. vice
Senhouse, sen. deceased, March 10, and 11. W. Base, Fsq. vice
Senhouse, jun. resigned, March 31, to be Captains. J. Irving,
Gent. vice Brooke, promoted, March 10, and J. Close, Gent.
Narch 20, to be Lieutenants. H. Harraden and I. Powe, Gents.
Feb. 22, to be Ensigns.
Comotissibns by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Perth.-
C. Hay, Esq. March 1 ; and J. B. Murdoch, April 7, to be Dc
puty Lieutenants.
Royal Perthshire Militia.
J. Menzies, Esq. vice Macduff, resigned, Feb. 21; T. E. Baird,
Esq., May 21, to be Captains.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Somerset.
Second Somerset Regiment of Militia.
R. J. Bisdee, Esq. to be Captain ; F. W. Rutledge, Gent. to
be Lieutenant, May 23.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Glamorgan.
Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry Battalion of Militia.
T. Smith, Gent. to be Second Lieutenant, May 19.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the county of Sacse x.
F. North, Esq., and G. J. Gibson, Esq., to be Deputy-Lie u
tenants, May 2.8.
Petworth Troop of Sussex Yeomanry Cavalry.
Colonel G. Wyndham to be Captain ; R. Hasler, Gent., to be
Lieutenant ; J. dapper, Gent., to be Cornet, April 20.
Commissions by the Vice-Lieutenant of the East Riding of the
County of York, and Town and County of the Town of King.
ston-upcin-Hull,

East York Militia.
H. M. Vavasous, Esq., to be Captaid, vice Coltman, resigned,
May 16; E. F. Coulson, Esq., to be ditto, vice Stewart,deceased,
May 21 ; H. Burstall, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Hewitt, de-
deased, April 11 ; T. P. Finnan, Gent., vice Taylor, resigned ;
A. Eddington. Gent', vice Thunderclitf, resirned ; G. Holmes,
Gent., vice Coltman, promoted, to be Ensigns, May 21.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of
Northampton.
The Right Hon. T. W. Earl of Pomfret; the Hight Hon. J.
E. Lord Carbery, to be Depty Lieutenants, March 1.
Northamptonshire Regiment of Militia.
J. Young, Esq. to be Captain, March 26.
Towcester Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry.
The Right Hon. C. Lord Southampton to be Captain ; G.
Stone, Gent, to be Lieutenant; the Hon. A. H. Trevor, to be
Cornet, March 2,9.
Kettering Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry.
W. W. Hope, Gent. to be Supernumerary Lieutenant, with-
out pay, April 1:3.
Thrapston Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry.
T. C. Hincks, Gent. to be Supernumerary Lieutenant, without
pay, March 14; and Thomas Wilkins, Gent, to be Cornet, and
not R. Wilkns, as inserted in the Gazette of the 25th Fcbruary-
last.

Whitehall, May Z.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed Thomas Blatherwick
Redgate, of the town of Nottingham, Gent., to be a Master
Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.

DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY.
JOHN SHURY, Charter-house-street, Charter-house-square
printer.
WILLIAM YEW ENS, Copthall-court, mine-agent.
BA NKRUPTCYENLARGED.

CHARLES NICHOLAS PALMER, Norbiton-house, Surrey,
ship-nwner, from June 7 to July 26, at eleven, at the Court 01
Commisloners.

BANKRUPTCIES SUPERSEDED.
JAMES BENSON, Lancaster, linen-draper.
MICHAEL EMANUEL, Birmingham, jeweller.
CHRISTOPHER WEBSTER, jun., Manchester, carrier.
BANKRUPTS.
MARY JONES, Old Compton-street, Soho, upholsterer, to
surrender June 14, at nine, 17, at ten, and July 15, and nine, at
the Court of Commissioners. Richardson, Ironmonger-lane.
ISAAC COHEN, Hastings, jeweller, June 10, 17, and July
15, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners. Crosby, Cheepside.
HOWELL GRIFFITHS, Newcastle Emlyn, Cannarthen-
shire, druggist, June 17, 18, and July IS, at the Commercial-
rooms, Bristol. Evans, Stevens, and Flower, Gray's Inn-
square, London ; Perkins, Bristol.
JOHN and SAMUEL CHIVERS, Castle-street, tailors, June
10, 17, and July 15, twelve, at the Court of Commissioners.
Baker, Church-row, Limehouse.
HEYMAN LEVIN, Great St. Helen's, merchant, June 14,
21, and July IS, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners.
Roberts and Co., New Ormond-street, Bedford-row.
GEORGE sToDDARD, Binnacle, Bowness, Cumberland,
timber-merchant, June 9, 10, and July 15, at twelve, at the Bush
il4ll. Carlisle. Donald, Staple Inn, Landon ; Hodgson, Carlisle.
WILLIAM FORD, Stockport, hat-manufacturer, June 13, 14,
at three, and July 15, at two, at the York Hotel, Manchester.
Gadsden, Furnival's Inn, London; Coppock, Stockport.
WILLIAM TAPLEI, Cateaton-street, warehouseman, June
10, at three, 17, and July 15, at one, at the Court of Commis-
sioners. Taylor, Great James-street, Bedford-row.
THOMAS AUSTIN, Oxford, livery-stable-keeper, June 8,
at six, 9, at ten, and July 15, at eleven, at the house of Robin-
son Bartram, Town-Hall, Oxford. Philpoat and Stone, South-
ampton-street, Bloomsbury-square; Raekstrow, Oxford.
THOMAS HACKER, Great Guildthrd-street, Borough, hat-
dyer, June 10, at eleven, 21, and July 15, at ten, at the Court of
Commissioners Walthew, Strand.
CHARLES BENNETT, Vauxhall-walk, Lambeth, smith,
June 10, at twelve, 17, and July 15, at twelve, at the Court of
Commissioners. Holmer, Bridge street, Southwark.
AARON COLES, Great Portland-street, Marylehone, coach.
maker, June 10, at three, 17, and July 15, at one, at the Court of
Commissioners Williams, Henrietta-street, Cavendish-square.
JOSEPH SKII)MORE, bobbin-maker, June 17, IS, and July
15, at eleven, at Wilson's Hotel, Nottingham. Buttery. Not-
tingham; Wolston, Furnival's-ing, Holborn, London.
ALEXANDER WALKER, Dover, stationer, June 10, 17,
and July 15, at eleven, at the Court of Commissioners. Brown,
Hatton-garden'
EDWARD GUDGE, Bristol, woollen-draper, June 7, 17,
and 15, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners. Jackson,
New Inn, London.
THOMAS GREENWAY, Walcot, Somersesshire, plasterer,
June 15, 16, and July 15, at eleven, at the Castle Inn, Bath.
Makinson and Sanders, Elm-court, Temple Loedon ;
Harrington.ploce, Bath.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

MANSION-HO USE.

Mr. Saunders, the water-bailiff, and Nelson, his
assistant, summoned several fishermen before the
Lord Mayor, for having fished with destructive nets.
The river about Woolwich and Black wall, it ap-
pears, abounds with white bait; and the citizens of
London are encouraging the practice of unlawful
fishing, by eating enormous quantities of white bait,
notwithstanding the example set by Alderman Lucas
and other Aldermen, who, during their Mayoralties,
would never eat a morsel of the delicacy so long as
it had that name.
It was proved that the nets of the defendants
were of such close texture as to enmesh the smallest
fish, and that at every pull they brought up myriads
of white bait and the fry of other fish. The re-
gular or lawful fishermen complained of this prac-
tice as destructive to their exertions to support their
families, by killing the young fish; and the public
complained of it as likely to keep up the price of
fish—a thing often deplored, as proceeding from an
iniquitous monopoly.
The Water-bailiff submitted, that if the observ-
ance of the rules were not insisted upon, the river
would be drained of the fry or spawn of fish.
The fishermen said, that everybody was crying
out for white bait, and that they fished for nothing
else, and if they were checked their families must go
land never
and b eaeh dve
lacei,All3,l
gta,
!nseef i
hcaoee,auvur,hreeielvdwi,
ekdtreti.rei eee:tvrpiTni
oithehcattechi
poachers
destruction
habit
ft
sal
aeesbrrueimwtpn
eecaofensf
to the parish end themselves to prison.
between
ttt:sh:lhesvoi n gT drilyhhai Thames, nevertea'skv,vii iltojhgl
ahptalthough he had always been their
most decided enemy. He had not many years to
live, and he hoped he would not have it inscribed
on his tomb-stone that he survived the Thames
fisheries. He declared that the white bait were

sent by Providence up the river to be the food of
the larger fish, and not to go down the maws of the
gormandizers.
'Jibe LORD MAYOR thought the defendants would
see the propriety of abstaining from the practice, and
that upon this occasion it would not be necessary to
inflict the penalty.
The defendants were then discharged.
Since the complaint was dismissed, the river has,
it is said, swarmed with small nets, to the great an-
noyance of Nelson, who declarts that he remernbers
the day when a Lord Mayor, upon hearing that
white bait was coked at Blackwall, went down to
the taverns in which the law was so infringed, and
flung platters of the delicacy out of the windows.

BOW-STREET.
Last night Mr. Riley, a licensed victualler, resid-
ing at Chelsea, came before Mr. MINSISULL, and
asked him to render his assistance to obtain redress
for a most violent outrage, and, in fact, murder-
ous attack, made upon him at Lisbon in 1827.
Mr. Mthtsittru., possessed no jurisdiction over of-
fences committed in Portugal.
Mr. Riley—lf the Worthy Magistrate would be
so kind as to hear his statement, he felt confident
that he would entertain a different opinion. He pro-

ceeded to state, that he travelled for a commercial
house in 1827, and resided for some time at Lisbon.
He was one morning in a wine-room in that city,
sitting with a friend, and in the same room were a
party of non-commissioned officers belonging to an
English regiment of Hussars. A conversation arose
respecting the Italian and Portuguese nations, as to
the grade they held in the scale of nations, when
one of the Hussars, without any angry words or the
slightest provocation, rushed from his seat toward-
him ( Nlr. Riley), seized him by the collar, threw him
on the ground, and kicked him on the body and
head till he was insensible. Several of his teeth
were kicked out, and for a long period he was at-
tended by medical men, and continued in extreme
danger. When he had so far recovered as to be
able to leave his lodgings, he applied to the legal
authorities for redress ; but he was only laughed a.,
and could obtain none, his purse not being of suffi-
cient length to satisfy their rapacity. Ile left Lisboa
soon afterwards, and had not seen or heard of the
man who so brutally maltreated him till a few days
ago, when he saw his name announced in one of the
Newspapers as about to appear before the Insolvent
Debtors' Court, to take the benefit of the Act. Had
not the injury he received been of so serious a nature
as to have deprived him of the enjoyment of health
ever since, he would not, after such a lapse of time,

have made the present application.
Mr. MlNsuum, said it certainly was a hard case,
but, in his opinion, it was quite impossible he could
afford him the slightest redress.
Mr. Riley had been informed that a case occurred
many years ago, in this country, which showed that
cognizance could be taken by the law authorities in
England of a crime committed in a foreign country
by an Englishman. He said that a young English-
man having shot a lady at Lisbon, was, on his re-
turn to England, apprehended for the murder, and
was tried for the offence, and executed at the Old
Bailey.
Mr. MiNsiium, was aware of the case to which
Mr. Riley had alluded.* In that case the accused
party was tried by a Special Commission ; but in
such a case as the present, he was confident a special
Commission would not be granted. At all events,
he, as a Magistrate, could not interfere in the
matter. . .. .

Mr. Riley thanked the Magistrate and withdrew

Q UEEN-SQt7ARE.
William Lynch, sen., and Daniel and John, his
sons, all Irish labourers, of Brook-lane-place, Ham.
mersmith, were charged with a saulting Michael
Donoghue, of the same place.
Michael on Sunday afternoon was returning home,
when he saw the defendant and several other persons
murthering a man in the road.
" What do you mean by murdering a man ? in-
quired the Magistrate."
"Place your Worship," replied Michael, " they
had all just a gottin him dawn, and were kicking and
pitching into him; well, and so I thought to myself
I'd just save a bit of his life; ' halloa there,' says I ;
what's the matter ?' says they ; says I, don't be
arter murthering the poor divil ;' and then they
all pitched into me, and I was murthered myself,
that I never thought I should have been able to
spake again; and poor John Grady got all his teeth
knocked down his trote, and they broke my cart all
to paces.
Mr. GREGORIE inquired where the other murdered
man was who had lost his teeth.
" Faith, your Worship, he's outside," replied
Michael ; " here walk in, John Grady, their Ho-
nours wishes to spake wid you."
John Grady did as he was bid, and said, "Your
Worships, last Sunday we were drinking, at a public
house, a pot of beer or so, when ould Lynch, who
thinks himself a greater scholar than the Priest or
his Holiness the Pope of Rome himself, began to
talk about his heddieashurr. " Come, say: I,"
Lynch, lave that off."—'What for ?' says he.
Why,' says I, because you know its no go wid
me.' Very well, your Honour knows, this flustrated
him a bit. Now, says I, there shall be no fall-
ing out here about your heddicashun, for you've
little enough of that to fight about.' And so, your
Worship, we went outside, and they all fill upon
me and got me down, when one of them just
gave me a kick in the b‘lwels and this cut across my
eye, and knocked out some of my teeth, when,
faith, I began to be roused—and Michael Donoghue
will tell you all the rest."
" Look at our charakters, your Worship," ex•
claimed all the defendants at once—each producing
a piece of dirty paper—" and let John Grady show
such a charakter. '
" Show such a charakter !" responded John
Grady, " why don't I live by my charakter ?"
" Faith, Master Grady," replied old Lynch, " if
you've nothing better than your charakter to live
upon, you won't have many paraties to fill your
stummick."
" And by the powers, Master Lynch," answered
Grady, " if you have no other manes of getting
your living but your heddicashan you're always
bragging about in company, the devil a parater
would you get at all at all."
The Magistrates stopped the learned dispute, and
a whole host of witnesses were called in on both
aides ; and, after a very lengthy and learned appeal
from old Lynch, which neither the Magistrates or
any one else could understand, the defendants were
fined 40s. each, with the exception of John, who
was ordered to pay for the cart, which, it was proved,
he had broken with a pick-axe.
The case referred to by Mr. Riley is briefly this

A young gentleman and lady residing in England, being
violently attached to each other, and the relatives refusing
to consent to their union, they agreed to go abroad and
put an end to their existence. They arrived at Lisbon,
and, with loaded pistols pointed at each other's bosoms,
they agreed to fire at the same moment. His pistol took
effect, and laid the young lady dead at his feet ; but her's
missed fire. On his arrival hi England, he was arrested,
tried by Special Commission, and was hanged at Newgate.

A REMARKABLE CASE OF SONfNAMBU
usu.—About three o'clock on Tuesday morning, a yoeng
man, about 20 years of age, was observed running at en
extremely rapid pace along Dean-street, Westminster, and
through the various other streets, in almost a state of nu-
dity, till he arrived near the Thames at Millbank, where
he halted, exclaiming in an agonising tone, " Oh, save
them, save them ! my wife, my child, my love !" and after
the pause of an instant, " Oh, they are not there ! they
are gone ! I must follow !" at the same running towards
the Thames. The person who had observed him in
Dean-street, had (although himself a swift runner) with
great difficulty kept up with him : however, perceiving his
intention, he caught hold of the somnambulist when in the
act of rushing into the water. Upon being stopped, the
latter burst into tears ; but on recovering himself in some
degree, he appeared conscious of his dangerous situation ;
and, after thanking his protector for his kind offices, and
assuring him he had never been known to walk in his
sleep before, he hastily retreated homewards. Even when
quite awake, he seemed to gaze at the water with a search-
ing and troubled look, and it was a difficult task to per-
suade him that it was but '° the fleeting vision of a dream."
EXTRAORDINARY STRUCTURE OF THE
LENSES or ANIMALS.-By observing the colours pro-
duced by reflection from the fibres which compose the
crystalline lenses of fishes and ether animals, I have been
able t trace these fibres to their origin, and to determine
the number of poles or septa to which they are related.
The same mode of observation, and the measurement of
the distance of the first coloured image from the white
image, has enabled me to determine the diameters of the
fibres, and to prove that they all taper like needles, dimi-
nishing gradually from the equator to the poles of the lens,
so as to allow them to pack into a spherical superficies as
they converge to their poles or points of origin. These
coloured images, produced by the fibres of the lens, are in
a line perpendicular to the direction of the fibres, and by
taking an impression on oax from an indurated lens
the colours are communicated to the wax. In se-
veral lenses I have observed coloured images at a great dis-
tance from the cor.inon image, but lying in a direction
coincident with that of the fibres ; and from this I in-
ferred, that the fibres were crossed by
joints or lines,
whose distance was so small as the 11,000 th part of an
inch ; and I have lately found, by the use of very power-
of extreme minuteness, the colours
b;uieklierimtghicorsoesocofa producedpe that each fibre has in this case teeth
abcyk,the lines which him the sides of each
tooth. —.Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopsedis, Vol. XIX.
Treatise era Optics, ty Dr. .11' etester

NECESSITY OF THE DIFFUSION OF

THE FINE ARTS.

(From the Englishman's Register.)
L'ame s'eleve ain,i a des esperances pleine d'enthou-
biasme et de vertu ; car la be.iute est une dans l'univers,
et sous quelque forme qu'elle se presente, elle excite tou-
lours une emotion religicuse dans le cur de l'homme."—.
Corinne.

It is very much to be wished, that among all
the efforts that are making for the instruction of
the people, some could be directed towards giving
them an acquaintance with those arts which, al-
though not exactly useful, contribute neverthe-
less so largely to throw a charm, or, as it were,
a relish, over our lives. Music, painting, and
sculpture, are called fine, or beautiful, arts, be-
cause they are the means of presenting to our
senses the realization of the sentiment of beauty
which all men naturally possess in a greater or
less degree, but which, without cultivation or
exercise, is in danger of being stifled or extin-
guished. The fine arts are the means of keep-
ing up a connection between the world, consist-
ing of matter, which we do know, and that ideal
.k.orld which we do not know any otherwise than
by our imaginations. When we hear music, a
certain effect is produced upon us by the har-
mony of the sounds, which arises not from the
mere gratification of the sense of hearing, but
from its putting into action the sentiments of
beauty existing in the human mind. By the
excitement of this sentiment, our nature is made
more pure, more generous, and more noble, be-
cause we become conscious that there is some-

thing within us which is attracted by an unknown
and invisible power, and which we would fain
think is of a less perishable nature than our
mortal body. When we look on a fine picture,
such as on a Virgin of Raphael, we are so im-
pressed by its grace, simplicity, and loveliness,
that our minds are brought under the immediate
influence of some power, which, as compared
with our ordinary feelings, may well be called
divine. When, again, we contemplate the form
of man represented in the perfection of strength,
dignity, and nobleness, as in the Apollo Belvi-
dere, or that of woman, embodied in the soft,
delicate, and modest beauty of the Venus de
Medici, we are led to feel that our species
has something in its nature beyond the mere
mechanism of our frames—something ideal as
well as something material in it—something
heavenly as well as something brutal. These
considerations being applicable to all men alike,
it is much to be desired that steps could be taken
for the diffusion of music among those classes

who are at present without the means of enjoying
that delightful solace of leisure hours. It ought
to be taught in all parochial schools, where there
are funds enough ; and when few young per-
sons in any parish might have attained a to-
lerable proficiency and fondness for it, a musical
taste would very soon be communicated to the
other members of their families. It would then
become incumbent on the friends of education
to raise funds for the purchase of instruments of
the cheaper kind, such as guitars, flutes, &c.,
and also for the publication of printed music in
a cheap form. Periodical concerts might also
be established, even in small villages, by way of
giving an impetus to the plan. In regard to
painting and sculpture also, the schools ought
to be supplied with prints, or lithographs, of
the most celebrated pictures, and plaster casts of
the best statues, so that the rising generation
may have them always present before their eyes;
and explanations, by way of familiar lectures,
ought to be given them. With this preparation
no time should be lost in establishing national
galleries, not only in London, but in all provin-
cial towns having a considerable population,
which should contain, besides such original pic-
tures as could be get together, copies of the best
existing pictures and statues. It need hardly
be said that all such galleries ought to be kept
constantly open, free of fees, and without any
such abominable distinction of persons as is now
made in some places of public resort, such as
the garden in St. James's-park. There is pro-
bably no country in Europe so much in need of
the sort of civilization we have mentioned as
ours ; and we hope and trust the time will come
when effoits will be made to give the people
notions of what is healthful, as well as what is
usefut. The diffusion of the fine arts would go
tar towards changing the mercenary character,
which has, perhaps justly, been assigned to us
AS a nation. W.

EXTRAORDINARY VELOCITY OF LIGHT'

—Light moves with a velocity of 192,500 miles in a
second of time. It travels from the sun to the earth is
seven minutes and a half. It moves through a space
equal to the circumference of our globe in the eighth part
of a second, a flight which the swiftest bird could not per-
form in loss than three weeks. —Dr. Lardner's Cabinet
Cyclopedia, Vol. XIX. Treatise on Optics, by Dr.
Brewster.
PAGANINI.—He is a man of eccentric cha-
racter and irregular habits. Though generally resident at
Curio, he has no fixed engagement; but, as occasion maY
require, wakes a trading voyage through the principal
cities of Italy, and can always procure a theatre, upon the
condition of equal participation in the receipts. Many
stories are told of the means by which he has acquired 106
astonishing style—such as his having been imprisoned tea
years with no other resource—and the like. But, hoc"
ever this may be, his powers over the violin are roost es-
traordinary. PAGANINI's performance bears the stamp
of the eccentricity of his character. As to mechanisoli,
it is quite perfect ; his tone and the thrilling intonation of
his double stops are electric ; his bow moves as if it were
part of himself, and endued with life and feeling ; 11'6
staccato is more strongly marked than I ever knew; a ad!
in the smoother passages, there is a glassiness, if any 0.0
may so say, which gives you the notion of the perfecto's
of finish, and the highest refinement of practice. Though,
in general, there is an ambition to display his own talents)
by an excess of ornament, yet he can, if he will, pial
with simplicity and pathos, and then his power over the
passions is equal to that of any orator or actor.--Mathews
Diary of an Invalid.

BIRTHS.
On the ist inst. at Hammond cottage, near Cheshunt, the 13"
of C. Johnston, Esq. of a daughter.
On the Ist inst. in Gloucester-place, Portman-square, the 13"
of I. Cohen, Esq , of a daughter.
On the Ist inst. in Saville.row, the lady of Dr. 11. Davies, °f 3
daughter.
On the 2d inst. the lady of Captain D. R. Newall, East India
service, of a son.
MAhe
At Carlsruhe, May 19, CaptßainßlED. Drummond (Melfort) t,l
Baroness de Rothberg Coligny of Rheinweiler, widow of Gene
Count Rapp, Peer of France.
daOugnhtthere
tihnestiaaet Bermondsey, tEsheqß,elvitlhVL.
aCurling to Mad'
On the 2d. inst. at BAtersea, T. Owen, Esq. of Haverfordw
to Isabella Jane, only daughter of J. J. Rule, Esq., of Clapha,
common. Cal'
On the Ist inst. at St. George the Martyr, Queen-square,
D. Dutf; 37th Regiment Madras Native Infantry, to Eliza')
Catherine, youngest daughter of the late W. Dutf, Esq. et
On the Ist inst. at St. Pancras, Mr. J. 0. Thompson, ',,,,-est
W. Thompson, Esq., of Liverpool, to Mary Eliza, yeloo
daughter of the late 11fajor Burn. ,
On the 2d inst. at Cheltenham, P. A. Browne, Esq., on'Yoro-,
On the Ist inst. at Wandsworth, J. Saunders,
of A. Browne, Esq. of Devonshire-place, Marylebone, to of
hue Jescinthia, third daughter of Sir Charles H. Rich, Bar"
Shirley-house, Hants.
Esq., eldeslitfrili
of Dr. Saunders, Rector of Kirtlington, Oxfordshire, t°
Magdalen, the second daughter of J. Morris, Esq., of East"
Wandsworth.
„field,
On the Ist inst. at Kingston, W. Batt, Esq., of Art). titer
county Kildare, Ireland, to Zelica Dalrymple, eldest daug
f Charles Cheshire, Esc., of Elm Grove Lodge, Soothsea.

nt-Surgeon East IndCEompp.
Issista
Esrl• late
At Reading, Berkshire, Anne, widow of J. Morison, •
Coleman/
On the 'l/41 -tut. Anne, wife of Mr. J. Battye, of
__,l
city-ru--
itreet, and daughter of Mr. Wm. Allen, York-place,
tgei4 24. G. A.
; m the let inst. Harriet, youngest daughter of the late
Ike, Esq., of Manchester, aged f... 2. 1464 i
any's Service.
N.
On the '27th ult. at Coates, Sussex, Vent. 'E King, R. ,
22, youngest son of the late J. King, 1'',11.........._.......

I'ItPiTED AND PUBLIMIED BY MURDO YOUNG, As
Stn.; °mot, 11; SIRAND, LOND9

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