The Sun.
London, England, 1822-01-30 00:00:00

SPAIN.

BARCELONA, JAN. 16.—The change of Minis-
try was, very seasonably made, and communi-
cated to this province ; for those who had ad-
dressed the King on that subject had fixed a
certain day, on which, if they did not hear that
the Ministry were dismissed, they should proceed
to ulterior determinations ; and they only had
the intelligence one day prior to the period fixed
upon. This, among other things, evinces the
truth of the observation which I formerly made,
that the determinations of the Executive upon
this subject would be greatly influenced by the
decision of this province, which carries the chief
weight in the scale of peninsular politics. The
ardour of patriotism which actually prevails here
may be estimated by the singular phenomenon,
of an unofficial individual, like Riego, reviewing
the troops, accompanied by the Constituted Au-
thorities as his attendants. This scene was pre-
sentea on Sunday last. The five battalions of
national militia, in the best order, and full of
enthusiasm, were drawn up on the sea wall, and
reviewed by General Riego, accompanied by the
Civil and Military Authorities ; after which they
defiled in companies to the square of the Consti-
tution, where they drew up in mass fronting the
Captain General's palace, and were addressed
by Genyral Riego, from the centre balcony, in
the following terms :

" National Militia, chosen children of the ce-
lebrated Barcelona, you here see me fulfilling
my intention of addressing you, before I pro-
ceed to the capital of free Spain. It is with
ineffable delight that I contemplate your war=
like-, imposing, and patriotic attitude ; but my
feelings are still more deeply affected, when I
consider the noble patriotism with which you
have discharged the duties of humanity in ea la,
mitous times. This generous conduct, unexampled
in the history of the world, has entitled you to
the gratitude of the nation, and crowned you
with never-fading laurels. Envied mortals, you
have raised yourselves to a pitch of glory which
it would be difficult to surpass !—But there yet
remains another act of self-devotion to per-
form, which must be Year to the hearts of the
children of liberty, and cannot be difficult foi

those who have already distinguished themselves
by the practice of such sublime virtues.—Union!
union ! anion ! I say union. Ah how has it
abandoned our fine soil ! Everywhere the spirit
of mortal discord cruelly agitates all bosoms, and,
under every species of disguise, inexorably pre-
pares the total ruin of the heroic Spanish nation.
Everywhere we see the terrible effects of its in-
defatigable and perverse manceuvres. There is
not a people among whom its vile germ has not
produced liberticide results !—How much mast
those have deceived themselves who have, with
such confidence, presumed that the heroic Barce-
lonese would be susceptible of so low and de-
testable a passion. Oh ! ye deluded of the earth,
hear the most solemn protest of the virtuous Ca-
talans, especially of the inhabitants of this cele-
brated city. We are vain-glorious of being
members of the first nation of the world—free
Spain ; but we also appreciate highly being Ca-
talans. The pure blood which runs in our veins,
and nourishes our constitutional sentiments, will
never belie that of our renowned ancestors, who
have so often cheerfully fought for their idolized
liberty and independence. Always faithful and
perfect imitators of those illustrious Barons, our
representatives, who (in union with those of
Arragon and Valencia, which counted among
them a St. Vicente Ferran) decided in the begin-
ning of the sth century, in the town of Carpe,
which of five candidates was the most worthy of
wearing the Crown of Arragon ; we know how
to maintain our rights, or to perish for their pre-
servation. All the furies which Avernus can
vomit forth will not be capable of disuniting us.
We have sworn the Constitutions or death ; let
us repeat, death or the Constitution ; and firmly
resolved in our holy purpose, like Calpe and
Davila, we will mock the despicable and pitiful
intrigues of the impotent enemies of our happi-
ness, and as immoveable promontories despise the
froth-v billows of the boisterous seas. Our im-
mortal motto is, and will be, " Union," because
on that depends our success. Inhabitants of
Barcelona, let this. always -be uppermost in
our thoughts and in our desires. Henceforth
let us abandon ourselves to it, and to a vigi-
lant confidence. Fierce and desperate despotism
from that moment expires. I already see her
tearing her ensanguined hair, and plunging her-.
self into the dark mansions of pain, and of the
tricks of her satellites, from whence she will
never emerge—never, never. Live union, live
unien, live union ; live free Spain ; live the Con-
stitution of 1812 ; live the religion of our an-
cestors ; live the Constitutional King ; live the
militia, the garrison, and the inhabitants of Bar-
celona !"

He afterwards read the Royal order for displac-
ing the four Ministers ; exhorted the people to
peace, order, and tranquillity ; said that he gloried
in being amongst the greatest lovers of the Consti-
tution ; but observed, that if the • Constitution
causes you to live in perpetual disturbance, you
will come at last to abhor and detest it, especially
living in an industrious country like Catalonia,
which cannot prosper amidst riots and continual
alarms. He concluded by announcing, that in
the next legislature, in which he was going to oc-
cupy a seat, great interests in favour of the cause
of liberty would be treated of. The battalions
then defiled amidst great acclamations.

LITERARY NOTICE.—TIDE lONIAN ISLANDS, by TER-
Tura T. C. ICE:mimic, Esq.

We have noticed with much pleasure a book
on the lonian Islands by this Gentleman.—
We have seldom met with a work of travels
more interesting, and comprehending in so small
a space so much information. It is written
without any affectation of learning, and does
high credit to Mr. KENDRICK'S abilities. From
the sketches he has given on the state of so-
ciety and manners, we can easily comprehend
the character of the lonians. Mr. K. has evi-
dently been a close observer of the manners,
morals, and intellectual qualities of those island-
ers, and appears to be the only person who has
travelled in those parts who has given any clear
information respecting them. It is difficult, per-
haps, to divest ourselves of the ideas so strongly
impressed on our minds by the early course of
every man's classical studies, which leads us to
respect and venerate the Greek character ; it is,
therefore, with regret that we notice the present
account of the lonians, who Mr. K. exhibits as a
mercantile race certainly, but not of the respect-
able class, being crafty and dishonourable in their
dealings and actions. Mr. KENDRICK progres-
sively describes the manners and customs of
Zante, Paxo, Parga, Cerigo, Cephalonia, and
finally Corfu. The ancient history of the latter
isle is highly interesting, and from the circum-
stance of its being the only one that has hitherto
appeared from the English Press will become
valuable. The amusements of the Corfuoites
are sketched with ease, and are marked with
spirit. Altogether, we regret that Mr. K. did
not extend his work to a larger size, as his mate-
rials are ample and valuable. We observe that
Mr. K. has spoken highly in favour of Sir Tilos.
MAITLAND, against whom so much has been
said of late.—This is a subject upon which we
have not sufficient information to enable us to de-
cide, but of course we are boend to defer to the
'statement of a Gentleman who has visited the
spot; who has obviously been vigilant in his
inquiries, and appears to be impartial in his
observations. The work is dedicated, by per-
mission, to the Right Honourable-Cu \RLES MAN-
NERS SUTTON, Speaker of the House of Com-
mons a Gentleman who is not likely to patro-
nize
any person not competent to write on the
subject which he undertakes. We shall resume
our notice of this work, as it abounds in new and
curioci information.

Yesterday forenoon, it was announced from
the Bench of the First Division, that Lord BA L-
MUTO had given in his resignation as one of th-
Judg-os of the Court of Session. We under-
stand that WILLIAM Enstirsc, Esq. advocate,
sheriff of Orkney, is to be raised to the Bench,
vacant by his Lordship's resignation, and that
JAMES ALLAN MACONOCHIE, Esq. succeeds Mr,
ERSKINE in the sheriffship.—( Edinburgh Courant.
Ja:z. 2 4.)

THE SUN.

SOLE.4I QUIS 1)ICEI?E FALSUM AUDEAT

LONDON,
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1822.

Letters from Constantinople were received yes-
terday in town, bearing date the 29th of Decem-
ber, at which time the Divan had not come to
any determination respecting the Russian U/ti-
mutant.

Brussels Papers to the 26th inst. arrived last
night, from which we give extracts under the
head of Foreign Intellizence. They also bring
intelligence from Constantinople to the 29th of
December, which is quite silent on the subject
of the UP/ma/um. It appears, however, by these
accounts, that the war between the Porte and
Persia is at an end.

The articles of the French Libel Law, which
have passed in Friday's and Saturday's Sittings,
include none of the provisions most repugnant to
our ideas of freedom and equity ; but as the
clauses hitherto proposed have been vehemently
contested and yet triumphantly carried, we may
anticipate the passing of those which are most
obnoxious, with a fuller confidence than if the
opposition had appeared to reserve itself for the
strongest points. In the first article, by which
those who shall ridicule or insult religion are
subjected to fines of from 300 to 10,000 francs,
and imprisonment from three months to five
years, an amendment proposed by the Committee,
inflicting a higher degree of punishment where
the religion of the Stiite should be assailed, than
in other cases, was now abandoned, for the sake
(it was said) of terminating tl►e violent clamours
and accusations to which it had given rise. The
clause, thus reduced to an enactment for the de-
fence of religion generally, was still combated
with great heat. It was urged that, instead of
punishment being inflicted on libellers, a remedy
should be applied to the causes in which libels of
this nature originate, such as the " temerity of
some frivolous writers," the misconduct of go-
vernment in religious matters, and the culpable
proceedings of devout corporations. We cannot but
think, however, that, until the suppression of these
evils can be generally agreed upon, and shall appear
likely to be one day carried into effect, it is not
amiss to have a law provided which may prevent
the minds of simple and ill-educated persons
from being debauched or scandalised by a public
mockery in writings, speeches, or caricatures,
(for all these come within the enactment,) of the
highest Christian virtues, the most sacred and
solemn ordinances, the holiest things and persons,
and even the being and attributes of the DEITY
himself. Such a precaution is most peculiarly
requisite in a country professing the Catholic re-
ligion, which appeals so frequently and strongly
to the senses by its peagantry and ceremonious
observances. The good, whatever it may be,
which these are calculated to produce in a sus-
ceptible and artless mind, is immediately con-
verted to the most fatal mischief, when they be-
come associated with low and ludicrous ideas;
for the effect of such ridicule is not to lead
the devotee into a more rational course of piety,
but to disengage him from religion altogether.—
An apprehension was felt or affected that this
law might interfere with the freedom of polemi-
cal discussion, and M. MANUEL, to obviate the
danger, proposed a clause which was negatived
by a large majority.—The second article inflicts
a fine of from 300 to 6,000 francs and imprison-
ment from three months to five years, on those
who, by the means specified in the law, shall
assail the Royal dignity and authority. This
was opposed by many captious and quibbling
object►ons. General FOY recommended that the
" Royal dignity" should be left out as matter
too indefinite, and that the words " Royal autho-
rity" should be guarded by an introduction of
the word 44 Constitutional.'' His amendment
began thus—" All formal attacks by one of the
said means against the inviolability of the King's
person, the order of succession to the Throne,
the constitutional authority of the King," &c.
According to this truly liberal alteration, the
French Monarch might have been pursued with
every taunt, blackened with every calumny, as.
sailed with every invective most intolerable to
gentleman or man, his person and actions exposed
to the utmost wantonness of contempt, pamphlets,
speeches,prints,efligies, placards, popular cries; the
whole artillery of licentiousness might have been
lisguisedly directed against him; in short he

might have been treated as Lours XVI. Iraq in
his misfortunes ; and vet the law would have
afforded him no relief, unless perchance the Courts

had been allowed to stand open to him as a Pry
vate individual. Nay, the Kingly authority
itself might have been freely attacked ill mail
of its most important points, under the shelter of
the word " constitutional ;" for every offender
would have alleged that this authority was pro'
tected in such points only as are dwelt upon hi
the Charter; and the Charter, it is well known/
enters into no detailed account of the Regal
power And functions, but touches upon them yen
briefly, and only in a few leading particulars.'
It appears, indeed, that under the law now eN'
isting, several pErsons have owed their acquittal
to a subtle distinction between the " authority''
and the " constitutional authority." General
FOY'S amendment and several others were nega'
tived by great majorities.—The third clause re-
lated to attacks on the rights guaranteed hY
articles 5 and 9 of the Charter, which secure re-
ligious toleration, and the inviolability of pr's
perty, including the domains called national.'
With the passing of this enactment SaturdaY's
sitting concluded. The next points for consider"
ation will be the repression of attacks on the

King's Government, of slander on the Courts'
constituted bodies, and, public authorities, and 0f
libellous injury directed against Members of the
two Chambers. public functionaries, ministers of
religion, jurymen, and witnesses, with reference
to their several offices or duties.

.IRELAND.—The Irish papers received 615
morning contain further particulars of the out-
rages in that distracted country, part of
may now be considered as in a state of open
bellion. The affair between the military and the
insurgents near Macroom, on Thursday last, did
not terminate, it appears, till dusk, when ti'e
Rebels, notwithstanding the severe loss w'll4.lz
they had sustained, were so far from being either
dispersed or disheartened, that they proceeded
in great force to the residence of JAmes BAr.KY,
Esq. of Kilbarry, which they burned to th
ground. Mr. BARRY and his family were
tunately at Macroom. This was on the Thais-
day evening, after the battle with the
The Cork Advertiser, of last Saturday, after givlng
an account of these transactions, says " YesterdaY
(Friday) a party of the Rebels, who had come
from Dunmanway towards Macroom, and asier"-
bled on the hilts, were attacked by the ArlT°:
commanded by Colonel MITCHELL, RCcompailie(l
by Sir N. C. COLTHURST and Mr. licnocs EV'E'
Great numbers of the Rebels were killed and
wounded,—thirty brought into Macroom as
sorters, and two dead bodies."—lf correct,
statement shews, that the Rebels not only icePt
possession of the country, but that they had bad
the courage to sustain another attack of the Will'
tart', which probably did not terminate till
night-fall also ; for we have no account of ttre
dispersion of the insurgent force.—We hate
hopes, however, that the paragraph which we
have quoted is only another version of t"
affair of Thursday, which may have crept
into the Cork paper in an inaccurate for'll.
The bringing in of the prisoners, and of

" two dead bodies " to Macroom, is in 13'

your of such an opinion. The same Paper alto
states, that " at a very early hour on Fridag
morning, two troops of the carbineers, and tw°
companies of the 84th, marched from Cork
Alacroom, and were accompanied or immediatelf,
followed by Sir JOHN I.AmnuttT, who return°
yesterday (Friday) evening. These detachments
have also returned, without falling in with and
of the Insurgents." On the other hand, tbe
same Paper informs u 4, that on Friday, 't
tween the hours of three and four, several houses
on the lands of Lehanaghmore, within two miles
of'this city (Cork), were attacked and robbed. Ve
Insurgents came in great numbers, and %rere
armed ,with guns, bayonets on poles, scythes'
&c. &c. Such a near approach to the City
very alarming."—On Friday night the inhabit'
ants of Bandon were in extreme apprehension °
an attack from the rebels. They spent a sleer
less night, expecting every moment a hostile pis.
from the insurgents.
The force which attacked the Whiteboys, after
the destruction of the mail coach, on ThursOP
consisted of a detachment of the 11th Regirtlentl.
of about 80 of the Rifle Brigade, and a party °f
the Carbineers. They were commanded bi
Colonel MITCHELL, accompanied by Mr. llEflaf
EYRE, and a numerous cavalcade of Magistrates
and Gentlemen of the neighbourhood, who bey
hayed with great intrepidity and firmness. '3e
Rebels were provided with blankets, and ar
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parently prepared in other respects for absellce
from home. They were posted on a hill ;
were engaged under a well-concerted plan ofail,
tack. The infantry were brought, unseen, wit

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in shot of the plain at the foot of the hill. After
this movement had been effected, a small body of
the cavalry were ordered to advance openly on
the plain, upon which the Rebels immediately
rushed forward to attack them ; and the cavalry,
by a feigned retreat, decoyed the insurgents into
the open plain. They were thus drawn into a
situation which placed them between the fire of
the infantry and cavalry ; while the riflemen,
who were in ambush adjoining, (lid great execu-
tl". The lowest estimate of this party of the
insurgents rates them at seven hundred.

The conduct of The Old Times respecting the
recent transactions at the 'Victualling Board has
been perfectly consistent with that which it has
Pursued for some years, and, in our opinion, we
can Say nothing stronger to draw on it the con-
tempt and indignation of all honourable men. At
1.3 t) upon its own responsibility, it arraigned the
Goat,
and insinuated that it had pro-
et'eded harshly on an occasion that did not
gall for such penal severity. It then turned
!fclild, and upon the authority of private,
not anonymous, letters directed its venomous
attacks against those official gentlemen who
hate suffered in consequence of the new arange-
nients which Government have deemed it neces-
sary to adopt. It is well-known that nothing
corrupt has been alleged against those gentlemen,
that they are highly respectable, and that the
"17 fault imputed to them was a practice in
°rdinary use, but contrary to prohibition, yet
by a deviation from which the public did
not suffer any injury. Indeed we have rea-
sell to believe that the Government deemed it
necessary -to visit the practice with dismission, in
Order to impress upon the minds of all official
characters the necessity of a rigid observance of
"tablished regulations ; yet that to prevent the
Persons who have fallen under its displeasure
from being affected in their private reputation by
their exclusion, we have some reason, we say, to
believe that Government intends to make them a
Suitable compensation for the loss of their situa-
tiens, in order to render it manifest to the public
that error was the cause of their removal, but error
that can never be suffered again to take place.
43 a proof of the coarse as well as illiberal con-
duct of The Old Times, it yesterday mentioned
lir* Foal), a gentleman of high respectability,
:ith a sort of contemptuous familiarity ; but to-
'ay it has thought proper to insert the following
narag ra ph :
it: I'Ve are concerned to state that an error should have found
way into our Paper of yesterday, respecting Mr. FORD, cf
the Victualling Office, who, after .in honourable service of more
vl
41r30 years, retires on a pension."
We view the controversies that daily occuri n
the newspapers with much regret, as only tending
toexcite the contempt of their readers, and to
I litit'
t g disgrace upon the Public Press, and feel
utmost reluctance to follow their example ;
Lit' °II the present occasion, we cannot forbear
t 0 express out indignation against a Paper. which
ladeLoo come under the character which the
t!terd CHATHAM applied to one of his poli-
Ical Opponents, viz. " that he could not speak
truth if he should, and that he would not if he
could,"

Charleston Papers have been received this
morning to the 28th Dec., and Letters to the Ist
January, from which we copy the fonowing :
" PENSYLVANIA.--The Legislature of, this
Cate are now in session. His Excellency tll,,
overnor congratulates the Members on the
4huudant harvest, and on the prosperity of her
manufactures. lie states, that five hundred and
;)"'enty-seven thousand dollars have been distri-
tiltedd for public improvements ; bridges have
teen erected ; nearly two thousand miles of
illt4Pike road have been completed ; that a spirit
ll
favour of domestic manufactures was so preva-
lent that the State would soon furnish an ample
lIPPIY of cotton, iron, glass, and leather, not only
tif4ient for home consumption, but for articles
irexPort. The receipts of the Treasury for the
411 st Year exceed the preceding one by forty-five
8 I°Usand dollars. He also states, that in the
:11001s in the city and county of Philadelphia
e five thousand three hundred and sixty-nine
i"Scholars are instructed on the Lancasterian sys-
I "L The resolutions of Maryland, with regard
1° Public lands, are submitted to the considera-
si°ll of the Legislature. A new military systk_TA
erns partially recommended, by accepting the
Service of volunteer companies. Commissions
Lave already been issued for one hundred and
Seventy-two companies thus formed.
Ew ORLEANS, DEC. 6.—We are informed,
that since the 30th Oct., 20 ships, 54 brigs, 24
Chooners, and two sloops, making in all 180 sail,
r 21,700 tons of shipping, have enterod this
Port There came in these vessels, as passengers,
),‘llree thousand four hundred and ten persons.
totn these facts some idea may be formed of the
4rapid increase of the population as well as of

the business of the city. These estimates do not
embrace arrivals by land or by steam boats from
above, which would greatly increase the amount."

We have inserted in our front page an account
of the Grand Civic Festival, on the Accession of
his MAJESTY, which took place yesterday at the
City of London Tavern, to the period when Sir
Wir,Liam CURTIS left the Chair. Mr. JOHN
HALL, who had been principally concerned in the
promotion of this loyal Festival, and the arrange-
ments necessary to give it with due splendour,
was then unanimously called to the Chair,
which he supported with admirable spirit
and conviviality. He addressed the company
on the occasion, and state: that he had the hap-
piness of informing them that similar Festivals, be-
sides that at Goldsmiths' Hall, were to take place
yesterday, in various parts of the Empire, to the
amount of one hundred and forty-four. He
congratulated the meeting on this general spi-
rit of loyalty which pervaded the country ;
and he trusted that such a spirit would in-
duce the enemies of Government and civil
order to " hide their diminished heads," hope-
less of shaking the basis of the best political
constitution that human wisdom and experience
had ever devised. Mr. H ALL touched upon other
topics, briefly but emphatically, and at length,
when the hour of twelve arrived, he signified
that as the day had passed which the company had
met to celebrate, it was natural that they should
now wish to retire to repose after such an exer-
tion of animated loyalty. The company then
dispersed. We signified, when we first noticed
the approach of this grand Festival, that none of
the Great Officers of State, or of the Nobility,
had been invited, that it might be the pure ex-
pression of the feelings and sentiments of the
CITY of LON DON. The Meeting therefore consist-
ed almost wholly of the chief Mercantile Charac-
ters in our great City, the emporium of the
world, two of the City Members, other Members
of Parliament, and a large body.of the most re-
spectable men in the country. After this faithful
character of the Meeting, we need not make any
comment on the following paragraph, which
appeared in the Old Times this day, as it
must have proceeded from inveterate malice, and
could not have been stated by its Reporter, con-
trary to the glaring evidence of facts:—

" The Meeting yesterday in the city disappointed our hopes.
We regret that there was not a more imposing company to
celebrate His Majesty's accession to the throne. One of the
leading personages was the Bridge-street Secretary, the baffled
opponent of bill-sticking Waddington ! The occasion, how-
ever, if not the manner, of its celebration, deserves some no-
tice ; and we have accordingly dedicated above a column to our
report of the proceedings. But this is poor work."

Yesterday, at half-past two o'clock, a Ca-
binet Council was held at the Foreign Office,
in Downing-street, which was attended by the
Earl of HArtttowirv, the Earl of WESTMORLAND,
the Earl of LIVERPOOL., the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, the Marquess of Londonderry, Mr.
Peel, the Earl Bathurst, Mr. Robinson, Mr.
Wynn, Viscount Sidrnoutl►, Mr. Bathurst, Lord
Maryborough, &c. The Council continued in
deliberation till about half-past four.
Last night Mr. StivEsTER left town with dis-
patches for Holland.
Yesterday being the Anniversary of his MA-
JESTY'S Accession to the Throne, the morning
was ushered in by the ringing of bells, and at one
o'clock the Park and Tower guns were fired.
The Gazette of last night notifies the appoint-
ment of Mr. HAmtr.Tox to be his MAJESTY'S
Ambassador at the Court of the Two Sicilies.

A special Court of Common Council will be
held to-morrow, to consider the report of the
Committee of General Purposes, relative to the
disturbance at Knightsbridge on the 26th of Au-
gust last, and the minutes of evidence thereon.

- The Rev. Dr. LLoyn, it h; expected, will be
the new Regius Professor at Oxford.
EARTHQUAKE NE IR YORK.—Yesterday week,
about ten o'clock at night, many of the inhabit-
ants of Seaton Ross, Foggathorpe, and Holme-
upon-Spalding-moor, were alarmed by the smart
shock of an earthquake. Several families who
had just retired to rest felt their beds shake
under them, and some in the moment of surprise
and affright sprung out of them upon the floor:
others who were still up, felt their chairs move
with them, and some ran out of doors to see
what was the matter ; a rumbling noise was
heard, and in two houses the bells rung of them-
selves.--The shock was also felt in the villages
of Beilby, Everingham, Allerthorpe, and Mel-
bourne.—( Yorkshire G azette.)
The Honourable Artillery Company fired a
Royal salute yesterday, in commemoration of
the Accession of his MAJESTY to the Throne.—
They afterwards dined at the Armoury House,
and drank the KING'S health in a bumper, with
four times four, as Captain-General of the corps.
Their President, Sir WILLI Cuwris, was, un-
fortunately for the complete conviviality of the
dinner party, absent at the dinner at the London
Tavern.

Monday afternoon, about four o'clock, the
body of the young Lady, drowned some weeks
since with her sweetheart, near Southwark
Bridge, was found floating between Iron-gate
and Tower-stairs. It was conveyed on shore,
and now lies at the Tower bone-house. The
body was in a state of rapid decomposition, and
her garments completely destroyed. She was
known by.the necklace round her neck. A re-
ward, we understand, had been offered for find-
ing the body.

CA N Ab A.

THE CITY OF MONTREAL.

The assessors, iu their late circuit, with a laud-
able attention to statistics, took a census of the population of this
city, and ascertained (it is said,) it to be 24,00 persons. Mr.
Bouchette, the Surveyor General, in his valuable work published
in London in the year 1815, estimated it at 15,000; so that it
would appear to have augmented by nearly two-fifths in six years,
an uncommon increase, but easily accounted for by the great
influx of emigrants, and the number of disbanded soldiers re-
maining here after their discharge. A considerable portion of
the population consisting of unmarried young men from Great
Britain, the quota of Militia is not to be computed according to
the usual proportion; thus the force that could take the field, if
necessary, cannot be less than 5,000 effective men; the two Eng-
lish divisions (as they are di, tinetively termed) being capable of
jointly mustering 2,200; and the French at least 3,000; inde-
pendently of the troop of cavalry and that of artillery. But, as
it is better to underrate than err in the opposite direction, we
have stated the whole City Militia force at the above number.
Amongst them are many half-pay officers, non-commissioned
officers and soldiers, who, leaving attained perfect discipline and
seen service in the regular army, could communicate quickly
their acquirements to the remainder of the corps.—This subject
leads us to a consideration of the best means for the general de-
fence of the country, in case of need. Our frontier is so exten-
sive, and the opportunity of invasion so easy, that, in the event
of a war (of which we see no present probability and which we
sincerely deprecate ; but wincn, however distant, being far
from impossible, should be provided for while there is leisure),
no force could be so stationed or have such speedy means of
being transferred to points of attack, as to exempt the cities of
Montreal, Kingston, and York, from the risque of capture, and
consequently the communication with below liable to an inter-
ruption attended with great hazard and privation, and perhaps
followed by the loss of territory: To guard against this, a con-
siderable part of our regular-troops were, in the last war, retain-
ed in those cities and some few. intermediate places, leaving the
disposeble force comparatively small. When Gen. Wilkinson
was descending the at. Lawrence with the avowed intention of
invading Montreal, the very heart of the province, Colonel
Morrison had only 890 men to oppose his 7000, the remainder
being necessarily left behind in Kingston, the fortifications of
I which did not permit a greater number to be detached. lied
the American General possessed either military knowledge or
resource, anti, pushing forward in his flotilla, hastily landed
one half of his army on some part of his own' shore screened by
some of the islands with which the river abounds—then slack-
ened his progress, suffered his opponents to approach,transport-
ed that half of his army left on his own shore to the rear of
ours, and made on the pursuing force a simultaneous attack,
the victors of Chrystler's Farm would have been annihilated
or captured ; for, placed between two fires, a Commander must
divide his force, and ours was too small for division. The best
means, therefore, of defence for this country, must be that
which requires the least number of troops to garrison impor-
tant posts, and which leaves the greatest disposeable force to
follow the movements of an invading army. This consists in
the erection of martello towers such as those with which cer-
tain parts of the British coasts are lined—a method peculiarly
adapted to the situation of our cities, which, Quebec except,.
are totally untenable against an enemy possessing even moderate
military skill ; and especially calculated for these provinces,
from their security and the small number required to garrison
them. The thickness of their wall (11 feet,) and their rotund
form guarantee them from much damage from bombardment,
while. their height and the projection of their capitals equally
defy assault. To mining alone they are exposed ; but this
may be greatly obviated by building them on a base of rock, the
penetration of which will expend much valuable time, and
give to the besieged greater chance of being relieved. Thirty
men, generally, and at more important places fifty at most,
form a garrison which might sleep at their ease, even were
there 10,000 enemies within 300 yards of them. Placed on
any part of our shore, they would prove a serious obstruction
to a flotilla; but, built on the side of a rapid, in which the
largest army passing is nearly defenceless, their execution
would be tremendous. A few of these, solidly constructed and
judiciously situated, would render the passage of an enemy
down the river Saint Lawrence totally impracticable without
heavy loss '• or perhaps entirely deter an army from it. It'e
ourselves, descending with our, regiment in the autumn of
1814, remarked, with some degree of apprehension, that 100
men, at a certain angle of the Long Sault, could have killed •
and wounded at least the half of it ; as the rapidity of the
current admitted neither of landing or retreating. Four
martello towers on the toad from Fort Erie to Queenstown
would, in the last war, either have arrested for a long time
General Brown's Army'and -allowed us to be reinforced, or
would have compelled the former to a circuitous route through
the woods; attended with much inconvenience. As there would
have been no need of Fort Erie, we should have sustained no
loss in its capture by the enemy or in its assault by us. One
martello tower on Queenstown height would have prevented
the circumstance which led to the death of Gen. Brock : one
at St. David's would have preserved that village front con-
flagration and commanded the road to the Creeks : and three
at Niagara would have prevented its capture, proved a much
better match for the opposite fort, anti, by their red hot shot, •
perhaps destroyed some of the American flotilla. In short, in
these provinces, where the towns arc not situated on, nor dues
the face of the country present, commanding positions ; and
which, from their distance from the parent state, must be left,
at the commencement of a contest, to struggle for themselves ;
it is an object of the highest importance to be as economical
as possible in the distribution of our troops—to defend ef-
fectually the great posts in the chain of communication—and to
have as large a disposeable force as possible—all which can
in no way be as effectively performed as by martello towers.—
The country abounds in stone, labour is cheap, there is leesure
for the work, and the sooner at is commenced. the better.—(Mon-
treal Herald.)

Cowes, JAN. 28.—A Captain and 42 men were
sent off from here this morning, belonging to the
56th, 67th, and 82d regiments, on their way to
Chatham, to be embarked for the East Indies,
and 29 men, of different regiments, were landed
and sent to Albany barracks.
MADAME CATALANI..---011 Saturday last, this
distinguished lady received a letter from the
debtors in our city jail, complimenting her upon
her extraordinary musical talents, also expres-
sive of their regret that want of liberty pre-
vented them (14 in number) from hearing her,
and requesting that she would enable them to
have the honour of drinking her health. To this
application Madame CATALAN' returned 51.,
adding, with her 'usual naivete, that she was
sorry she could not be honoured with the gentle-
men's company at her • concerts ; but if any of
them should hereafter meet with her elsewhere,
and would make known that they were prisoners
when she was at York, she would give them
tickets.—( York Herald.)
IRISH CottN.—We can state that a sample of
Irish Wheat, grown in the county of Louth, pro-
duced at the London Corn Exchange last week,
brought .565., being 2s. above the best sample
exhibited from Essex or Kent. This circum-
stance speaks a volume in favour of the system of
Agriculture practised in Louth.—(Dublin Even-
ing Post.)
SHOOTING AT A WATCHMAN.-011 Monday
night the Committee of the Paving Board of the
Skinners' Estate, in the parish of St. Pancras,
had a full meeting, at their room ia Lancaster-
street, in order to investigate the atrocious at-
tempt made on the life of Robert Southerin,
one of their watchmen, by firing a loaded gun at'
him on Friday night, at South Crescent Mews.—
They have offered 501. for the discovery of the
offender.

The following is an extract of a letter from
St. Bees, Cumberland, dated January 19, 1822 :
---" This day I have witnessed a most melancholy
duty, which was impressively performed by the
Rev. Dr. AINGER,-a mother, with her live chil-
dren, committed to the same grave, who were
burnt to death in the light-house lately erected
on St. Bees' Head, near this village, through the
bed-clothes catching fire."