The Sun.
London, England, 1849-06-02 00:00:00

ITALY.

The Statute of Florence, of the 25th ult., has
advices from Rome and Civita Vecchia up to the
23d. On the 22d Mr. D'HARCOURT proceeded to
the French camp, and then set out for Gaeta. In
the evening M. LESSEPS returned to Rome, to give
the Assembly an answer to their propositions. A
condition has been stipulated that eight days' notice
be given before hostilities are resumed on either side.
The Roman expedition had arrived at Terracing;
the Neapolitans had evacuated that place also. The
Magellan landed a squadron of dragoons at Civita
Vecchia on the 22d. The Neapolitan Government
has officially announced that it resumes the old Nea-
politan flag with the Royal arms. GARIBALDI is at
Rimini concentrating troops, for the purpose of
making a stand against the Austrians at La Cattolica.
Colonel ZAMBECCARI is at Ancona,

The Gonfaloniere of Aicoli has published a procla-
mation, in which he bestows praise on his fellow-
citizens for the gallant defence of the town against
the Neapolitans on the 11th ult. Imola, Faenza, and
Forli have been occupied by the Austrians.
The Saggiatore of Turin of the 28th 'ult. states
that the King of SARDINIA is recovering from his ill-
ness. The number of Austrian troops occupying
Florence is 19,000.
The Rifornia of Lucca of the 25th ult. states that
many arrests have been made at Leghorn. The con-
tribution levied upon that city by the Austrians has
been sent to Vienna.

The Contenzporaneo bf Rome, of the 22d instant,
contains the following statement relative to desertion
amongst the French troops
Why," asks this journal, " do soldiers every day de-
sert the flag of France in order to enrol themselves under
that of the Roman Republic? The reply to that question
was given by one of two deserters who presented them-
selves to-day. The French officer, Thenard, met them
at the war-office, where he had arrived on a mission
from General Oudinot. Why do not you return to the
camp said he to them ? Because we are Republicans.
Is not France a Republic, said M. Thenard? No, re-
plied one of the deserters. The Republic is here, and
not in France ! This fact needs no commentary, and
we publish it for the honour of the brave soldiers who
have been so unworthily deceived by their Guvernment."
The following energetic and well .timed refutation
of the odious calumnies, which the Jesuit emissaries
of Gaeta have been with untiring zeal circulating
throughout Christendom against the Roman R.public,
has been addressed to M. de Lesseps by the Triumvir
MR :

" Monsieur,—You ask me for some notes on the actual
state of the Roman Republic; I present them with that
frankness which I have observe d during twenty years of
wilitical life. We have nothing to conceal, nothing to
disguise. We have been in latter days greatly calum-
niated in Europe, but we have ever :said to those by
whom we were libelled, • Come and sea.' You are now
here, Monsieur, to verify the reality of these accusations.
Do so; and let your mission be accomplished in full and
entire liberty. We hail it Nvith joy, for it is our best
guarantee.

Without doubt France does not refuse us the right
of governing ourselves as we think proper. It does not
seek to tear from our entrails the principle of ire, and
to thwart our wishes. France can only mean to
say to us, We recognise your independence as the
free and spontaneous voice of the majority. Having
obligations towards the other European Powers, and
anxious for peace, if it were true that a minority op-
posed the general opinion—that your Government
was but the caprice of a faction, contrary to the general
feeling, we could not permit, so far as lay in our power,
the peace of Europe to be constantly placed i❑ danger by
the excesses and follies which must necessarily charac-
terise the rule of a faction.' Sir, we respect public
opinion in France, and we believe in the communion of
nations for the general good; but we say, if ever there
was a Government arising out of the wishes of a majority
and supported °lona by it, our Government is that.
" The Republic has been planted amongst us by the
wish of an Assembly chosen by universal suffrage. It
has everywhere been accepted with enthusiasm. No-
where has it met with opposition. Remark, Sir, that in
no circumstance was it more easy to make an opposition.
I admit, though not excited by our acts, that it was pro-
voked by exceptional circumstances, particularly unfa-
vourable to the first position that we occupied.
" The country then arose from a long anarchy of
powers inherent in the organization of the deposed Go-
vernment. The agitation inseparable from all changes,
fomented at the same time by the difficulties of the
Italian question, and the intrigues of the retrogrades, had
created a state of febrile excitement, which made us ac-
cessible to every appeal to passion and interest. We
had no army, no repressive force, and, in consequence
of anterior dilapidations, our finances were in the very
worst state. The re'igious question, managed by expert
hands, served as a pretext to mislead a people gifted
with magnificent instincts and aspirations, but not
much enlightened; and, nevertheless, the instant the
Republic was proclaimed order was established. The
history of the Papal Government is knoun by its dis-
orders, not a single emeute has occurred under the Re-
public. The assassination of M. Rossi was deplorable,
but is was isolated. It was the act of an individual,
detested and condemned by every one, provoked pro-
bably by imprudent conduct, and arising from causes of
which we are still in ignorance. It was followed by the
most complete tranquillity.
" The financial crisis was at its height. At one moment
the paper money of the Republic by shameful artifice fell
to 42 discount. The attitude of the other European and
Italian Governments became more hostile; material
difficulty arose; but the people bore all calmly; it had
faith in the future arising from the new principle pro-
claimed.

" In consequence of obscure menaces, but chiefly from
ignorance, a certain number of electors had not con-
tributed to the selection of the National Assembly. This
fact tended to weaken the expression of the general voice;
but another unexpected circumstance solved the doubts
arising from that fact. A short time before the election of
the Triumvirate, a selection of municipalities took place.
Every one voted. In all countries the municipal element
represents the conservative element of the State. With
us it was at one moment feared that it would represent
a retrograde principle. The storm arose ; it was said
that the Republic had only a few days more to live, but
that was the moment when the municipalities of them-
selves gave in their adhesion to the form of go-
vernment we had chosen. During the first fortnight
of the month, in addition to the addresses of the
clubs and the National Guards, have been added, with
three exceptions only, those of all the municipalities.
I send you the list. They all express the most complete
devotion to the Republic, and their profound conviction
that two powers united under one head are impossible.
This I offer as a positive fact. It is a second proof,
completing the first in the most potent manner, and
confirming in every respect the truth of our position.
" To•day, in the midst of this crisis, in fear of a
French, Austrian, and Neapolitan invasion, our position
is ameliorated—our credit has improved, our paper is
discounted at 12 per cent., our army is increased, and
the entire population behind us is ready to rise up. You
see Rome with your own eyes, and you have heard
of the heroic combat of Bologna. I write alone, during
tho night, in the midst of the most profound calm, and I
find that at midnight our gates, our walls, our barricades
are provided with brave defenders by the passing along
of a single word, without noise or alarm.

"There is at the bottom of every heart a determination
the most profound to accomplish the destruction of the
temporal power of the Pope. All bear the same hatred
to the government of priests, under whatever form it
may be presented. I say hatred, not to men, but to the
government. Towards individuals our people, thank
God, since the commencement of the Republic, have ever
been generous; but the itha of a clerical government, of
a pontiff king, sets us in a rage. We shall fight to the
last against all projects of a restoration. Right and left
are agreed. All with one voice exclaim, The temporal
power of the Pope is at an end.'
" With such a population what is to be done? Is
there a free people that can assume to itself the right to
compel it to rective a deposed Government? A return
to old forms would be the destruction of the country.
The struggle of secret associations would commence;
anarchy would prevail in the bosom of Italy; reaction
would t4lie place, and vengeance would be engrafted in
the hearts of a people who only wish to forget. It will
be the brand of war lighted in the centre of Europe. It
will be the declaration of extreme parties, disgracing
the Government of republican order, of which we are to-
day the organs.
" France does not desire this great calamity—neither
its Government, ner its chief, the nephew of Napoleon.
Above all, it is not in presence of an Austrian and Nea-
politan invasion that she can persevere in so odious a
policy. Should you do so, there will be something in
your conduct which will remind the world of the hideous
conspiracy against Poland in 1772. Moreover, there is
an impossibility of SIICCt,SS even if France desired it. The
flag raised by the will of the people can only be displaced
by the ruin of our cities, and by the total destruction of
the people.
" MA

APOTRECARIES' MALL.—The following gentlemen
passsed their examination in the science and practice of
medicine, and received certificates to practise, on Thurs-
day last:—Thomas Bryant, Kennington-common;
William Cater, Northwold, Norfolk; Charles James
Shearman, Rotherham; George ilulme Beaman, King-
street, Covent-gardtn.
TIIE GREAT SEAL.—It is rumoured that in conse-
quence of the continued indisposition of the Lord
Chancellor, the great seal is to be placed in commission.
The commissioners are, it is said, to be Lord Campbell,
Mr. Baron Rolfe, and the Solicitor_ General.
TUE POET LAUREATE.--WO had yesterday the
gratification of seeing the venerable poet, Wordsworth,
walking in Broad-street, of this city, and were glad to
observe him looking so well, considering his advanced
age. He arrived by the Worce,ter mail, and after visit-
ing the Cathedral, tx,c., proceeded, we understand, by the
Hay coach on a visit to relatives in the neighbourhood
of Witney.—Herlford Journal,