The Sun.
London, England, 1825-08-01 00:00:00

DIED.

At Clancoole-terrace, Bandon, Lieutenant-Colont..l Hewitt,
youngest son of the late Rev. Charles Hewitt, of Clancoole,
Cove of Cork ; he was also a Colonel in the Portuguese service,
and Knight of the Military Order of the Tower and Sword.
On the 30th ult., in Upper Thornhaugh-street, Frederick
George. only son of Frederick J. Prescott, Esq.
On Thursday, the 28th ult., Isabella Blennerhassett, of
lloundsditch, aged 57. -
On the 30th ult., at North End, Little Ilford, Essex, in the
22d year of his age, Thomas Smith, 8.A., one of the scholars
of Trinity College, Cambridge, youngest son of Thos., Smith,
Esq.. distillery, Whitechapel-road.
On the 28th ult., at Hilsea,near Portsmouth, Mrs. Pritchard,
relict of the 'ate S. P. .Pritchard, Esq., R.N., of North-end-
lodge, near Portsmouth.
At Downpatrick, Ireland, on the 18th ult., Mr. John Rae-
burn, late clerk of works In the Barrack Department, N:B.

TUE LONDON JOURNALS.

DAILY
Extraels from the Morning Papers, Aug.l, 1895,

[BRITISH PRESS.J
The reduction of the duties levied on the im-
portation of tea and tobacco is now the only act
necessary to put down foreign smuggling, and to
relieve the country from the heavy expence at-
tending the preventive service, amounting an-
nually to nearly one million two hundred thou-
sand pounds sterling. As this is a most ungraci.
ous service to the feelings of the officers employ.
ed in it, the general opinion amongst the mer.
cantile interest has for some time been, that his
Majesty's Ministers would take an early oppor.
tunity, by reducing the duties on tobacco and tea,
to destroy the temptation for evasion. The
heavy duties on tobacco press in a particular de-
gree on seamen, and on river and canal navigators,
and are to them oppressive beyond any burden
imposed on any other class of his Majesty's sub-
jects. Upwards of four millions sterling are.
annually levied on tobacco, of which, however,
only about three millions find their way into the
Treasury, the expence of collecting amounting
to nearly thirty per cent. on the gross amount
drawn from the consumers. These duties were
heretofore collected under two Acts of Parlia-
ment. By one of them the Excise collected, as
a permanent tax, 3s. per lb., and by the other,
which was renewed annually, the Customs coi-
-1
lected, what was called a war duty, of Is. per
lb., making the entire duty on tobacco imported
from the United States of North America,
amount to 4s. per lb. In the act passed last
Session of Parliament, for consolidating the duties
of the Excise and Customs, the permanent
duty of 3s. per lb. on tobacco, it is under
stood, has alone been mentioned, and no notice
whatever has been taken of the war duty of
Is. per lb. This latter being levied under the
authority of au annual Act, and this Act not having
been renewed last Session of Parliament, ceased
to exist on the sth of July last, and the country
has therefore to congratulate itself for a farther
remission of taxes to the amount of nearly one
million sterling. Those who have paid the war
duty on tobacco since the sth of July, will draw
it back from the Treasury. It amounts to about
sixty thousand pounds. Next Session of Par-
liament will probably make the tobacco duty As.
per lb., by which the consumption of this neces-
sary article will be doubled, and by saving the
great expence on the collection of duties undk4
the present restrictions, the Treasury will posi-
tively gain more duty than is at present paid into,
it from this department of taxation. The reduc-
tion on the duties levied on spirits and wines has
added to the revenue received from them, and
the same will be the effect of the reduction of
the tobacco duties to such a moderate rate as
may render the evasion of them an object not
worth attention.

[New TIMES.]
We perceive that the Mechanics are divided
into two parties, with reference to the great ques-
tion of wages ; one party following Mr. Mac
Culloch, and contending for the nprescity of
straining population ; the other, violently oppos-
ing this doctrine, and imputing to its -advocates
Some very absurd and unnatural sentiments. The
Artizan's Chronicle, in which Mr. Pl4ce is under-
stood to write, is the organ of the former party :
the Trades' Newspaper, conducted under thedi-
rection of a Committee of Workmen, sets forth
the opinions of the latter. On both these pub.
lications it concerns the Muster Manufacturers to.
keep a vigilant eye. It is alleged that an
Essay appeared in print some time ago, recom-
mending measures of an immoral and revolting
character, with a view to reduce the supply
of human labour below the demand. Of the ex-,
istence of any such Essay we know nothing, and
we apprehend that it may be dismissed from all.
consideration ; for Hither the working class, nor
any other class of Britons, would pay a moment's,
attention to any suggestions ecsotrary to the first
dictates of nature and reason. But th,. case is,
widely different with regard to those sounu,
moral, and religious doctrines, which will even-
tually lead to the great object we have in view—
an ultimate advance in real wages. This is to be
effected by prudence and foresight, by avoiding
the great evil of improvident marriages, and, by
raising the standard of what the working classes
consider to be the degree of comfort necessary to.
the married state. Hence will follow, as we fully
believe, not a decreasing but an increasing'popu-
lotion ; only the increase will be moderated'by,
and keep pace with, the increasing demand, for
the products of our industry. The state of the
labouring population is loosely spoken of, as
it were the same in all employments, and in' all
parts of the Empire. Let the master point out
to his workmen, and let the workmen reflect' ork
the fact, that while one set of workmen are now
holding out for five shillings and sixpence a
day, another set are glad to work for 'eight-
pence ! We speak of the London carpenters, and
of the labourers employed to cut a canal at the
present moment in Ireland. True it is that
the former class of men have more mechanical
skill than the others : they have had a better me-
chanical education, and they have a little capitol
in tools—but what then ? This only goes to
prove, that skill and education and capital :are
to be remunerated over and above mere manual
labour. But the possessors of skill, and educa-
tion, and capital, constitute an aristocracy : the
carpenters are aristocrats compared with the Ca*.
nal diggers: and part of the fund raised the
labour of the latter goes to support the former.
We apply this argument to those who so loudly
advocate the claims of mere labour, forgetting
the numerous gradations which civilised- so-
ciety
,presents between the mete labourer and
the wealthy capitalist. Let not these gradatioos
be broken down ; they exist for the common
good ; and when a breach is made in the general(
fabric, it is likely to be as fatal to the low as to
the high. In fact, the higher classes of mecha=
nics are peculiarly liable to suffer in any convul.?
sion. Those below them will, in a scarcity, of.
work, undersell them in labour ; while tbesi
above them, in an insecurity of property, wilt
withdraw their capital to foreign countries.

Riches easily make to themselves wings and fly
away. What would our shipwrights do if the
ship-builders of England were to go and settle
abroad ?

[THE TIMES.]
The conviction. of Mr. Cottitable, the Kent
.r,litgistrate, at Maidstone, on Thursday last, will
prove, we trust, a salutary example to a class of
genOemen upon whom such lessons have, we
grieve to say, been called for more frequently
than they have been bestowed. Mr. Constable
had. committed a poor man, named Baker, to
Maidstone 'Gaol, ft:it...three months' hard labour,
upon a warrant .made out by the clerk of a
Greenwich solicitor named Bicknell, without
having ever confronted the witnesses with the
accused, or examined any witnesses whatever, or
inquired into the nature of the charge, or
ascertaine&its. truth or falsehood ; nay, with-
out having seen, the unfortunate victim thui
destined to. unjustifiable
.and illegal punish-
ment—the alleged offence, moreover, being
against public :decency, and therefore tend-
ing, if established, to ruin the moral 'charac-
ter of the party, who in this case had a wife and
family ; and though. guiltless .of any wrong, was
utterly ruined ip the business by which he had
supported: tbem, and ruined solely through this
ignominfous'and oppressive punishment. Such an
offence required of the Magistrate the most care-
ful and diligen,t investigation, before he suffered
into be put on
.record as brought home to any
fellow-subject, no matter bow humble his condi-
tiOn. Mr. Constable was found guilty of the
gross injustice for which he was prosecuted with-.
out a moment's hesitation on the part ()tithe jury;
aod it now only'remaitis to inflict such a sentence
as shall make a due impression upon the whole
of our " unpaid Magistracy."

[MORNING POST.]
The disgraceful and savage exhibition of the
Fight between the Lion and Dogs, We regret to
state; was suffered to be repeated at Warwick
on Saturday last ; the disgusting particulars of
which will be found in a succeeding column.
Without any thanks to the Magistrates (whose
conduct in obstinately refusing to interpose must
be deemed highly censurable) we think there is
now an end to these horrid and most revolting
scenes; for the Noble Lion engaged on this last-
occa,sion has in the most vigorous and deci-
sive manner avenged the cause of his cruelly
insulted species, by not only effectually sub-
duing the whole, but nearly destroying a
portion of the furious animals, whom their still
more brutal owners had so infamously provided
to tear and torture him. The Majestic Master
of the Forest, true to his inVincible, character
when fairly roused in his own defence, shook the
vile brutes " like dew drops from his noble
main ;" thus satisfactorily proving the futility of
any future attempts of the same cruel and barba-
rous description. We hope, therefore, we have
now done with all scenes of this nature, while we
confidently trust that much remains to come, in
the exemplary punishment of the.wretches, who,
for the most ba.e of all purposes, so unfeelingly
loot themselves to, the promotion of such diabo-
lical:schemes..

[moitritsn
The St. George's Hospital Investigation has
terminated.—Owing to a• press of . matter, we
hare not space for observations on the subject.
We- cannot, howeveri let this opportunity pass,
without expressing what, we believe, is the gene-
ral feeling with regard. to Mr. Bayley,. the mas-
ter of Hammond'. 'The generous ardour which
helms manifested for his late servant, his deter-
mination to probe the affair to the bottom, and
his firmness throughout the Invetigation, cannot
be spoken of in too high terms. Such instances of
beltevolence and courage make us in love with hu-
man -nature.

We must defer to anoher day the observa-
tions we promised to make on the case of
Mr: Constable, the Greenwich Magistrate, con-
victed me Maidstone on Friday last. Our
readers will remember .a most distressing case
of two young men having been burnt to
death, in the Cage at Lewisham. One of
them• was charged with some trifling offence,
and•the other, a relative, generously volunteered
to bear him company. To the horror of such
an 'abode as the Cage, was added' the enclemen-
cy of the season, it being about the new Year,
and• the poor fellows, in order not to perish of
catdi kindled a fire which caught the floor of
the [funding, as there was no fire place or hearth.
A t the time, we animadverted on the inhumanity
of leaving persons, for many days in a place
in which no man of any humanity would allow
a dog to remain. The committing Magistrate
in the case in question was this very Mr. Con-
stable.—(aid.)