The Sun.
London, England, 1822-03-28 00:00:00

LIST OF THE MINORITY

WHO VOTED FOR REJECTING THE VOTE OF £4,670 FOR
REPAIRS OF WORKS AT BARBADOES, FOR WHICH THE
4A PER CENT. DUTIES WERE GRANTED, BUT HAVE
BEEN MISAPPLIED.
Allen, J. H. Hume, J. Rickford, Wm.
Belgrave, Vise. Hobhouse, J. C. ' Ridley, Sir N. W
Bennet, Hon. H. G. James, W. Rice, T. S.
Blake, Sir F. Jervoise, G. P. Smith, W.
Boughey, Sir J. F. Lushington, br. Scott, J.
Bernal, Ralph Leycester, R. Whitbread, W. H.
Burdett, Sir F. Moore, Peter Whitbread, S. C.
Barrett, S. B. M. Maberly,. J. Wilson, Sir R.
Dickinson, W. Martin, John Williams, W.
Davies, Colonel Pym, F. Wood, Alderman
Fergusson, SirR.C. Palmer, C. F.
Griffith, J. W. Rumbold, C. E.
Gurney, R. H. Ricardo, D.
Haldimand, W. Robinson, Sir G.

TELLER.
Creevey, T.

TRANSPORTATION.—Before the restoration of
CHARLES 11. transportation, as a punishment, was unknown
in England ; but after that time, persons found guilty of
offences entitled to the benefit of clergy, and sentenced to be
imprisoned, were transported to the British settlements in
North America. They were not, however, sent away as per-
petual slaves, but bound by indentures for seven years ; and
for the last three years they received wages, in order that a fund
might be provided, to give them a fair chance of future success
in life. When the American Revolution prevented the further
transportation of convicts to that country, in 177.5, the system
of confining prisoners to hard labour on board the Hulks and
Houses of Correction was adopted, until the discovery of
New South Wales by Captain Cook, in 1776 and 1777, opened
a new field for transportation ; the coast of Africa having
been previously explored in vain, f,"2 a fit situation for a colony
of criminals. The first embarkation to this new colony was
Made in February, 1787, and consisted of 264 convicts ; the
first settlement was made at Sidney ; and another has since been
formed in the adjacent hdand of Van Dieman's Land. So
prolific has this country been in crime, that in a period of less
than 30 years, the colony at Botany Bay amounts to upwards
of twenty thousand persons, one half of whom are convicts. So
large an assemblage of men and women, many of whom are
the most desperate characters, are with difficulty kept in order;
but in order to restrain their irregularities, punishments of a
summary kind are frequently inflicted. Of these, the most
severe, next to that of death, is transportation to the Coal
River, which is ordered usually by the Judge advocate, or
a bench of magistrates, for a term of years or for life, as
the enormity of the offence may require. Convicts dread
this mode of punishment very much, because they are here
compelled to work in chains from sun-rise to sun-set, and
are subject also to other restrictions of a highly penal descrip-
tion. The rigour of this sentence is, however, frequently relaxed
in degree, as the criminal shows signs of amendment ; and in
very few cases is it found necessary to subject any of the convicts
to a repetition of that sentence.

THE COLONIES.

CANADA.

[Extracts from a private Letter.]
MONTREAL, 30TH JANUARY, 1822.—" The present dull'
ness of trade affording me some leisure, 1 am desirous of
ing your attention to the present crisis in the Commercial and
Political affairs of this Colony. You are aware of the extract'
dinary distress experienced in the Canadian Trade on =one'
of our grain and flour being shut out from your corn-marl
by your corn-laws ; and that Petitions have been forwarded t°
your Legislature by the towns, counties, and Legislatures of
both Provinces. The arguments in those Petitions are °'
strong, that I hope andtrust that, though the LANDED interests
may maintain their monopoly against Aliens, they will not be able
to do so against British Subjects in the Colonies, who actualif
have never been able to export more provisions than would feel
the manufacturers of the goods taken always and exclusiveif
from Great Britain and Ireland in payment. The relaxation
prayed for would be no doubt essentially useful to the eon'
merce and mutual connection of the two Countries ; but exist'
ing evils, deeply seated in the political and moral constitution
of Canadian Society, require, in my humble opinion, a deeisilt
and speedy interference on the part of the British Government'
for the purpose of REUNITING the two Provinces. It is iii'
deed greatly to be lamented that the British Legislatuee
bestowed so little attention on the affhirs of the Canadas. Whet
the present constitution and division of the Province were in the
year 1791 debated in the British Parliament, the Ministry and
their majorities in BOTH HOUSES openly asserted the right 04
the intention of that Imperial Legislature to • sup'eantend the
great, experiment then made in Colonial legislation, and actor'
ding to its progress and results, to regulate ULTERIOR Inca'
sures for the good of the Colonists and the genefal interests d
the empire. But, during thirty years, no interference,
ting good information as to the internal situation of these Pre'
vinces, has taken place : And it is very possible that the Bri"
tish Parliament has still to learn that the present Constitution
and DIVISION of the Province of Quebec have not produced
the benefits which were expected from it,—that they have pee'
duced a state of hostile jealousy, Commercial and Political, be"
tween the two Provinces, cherishing and strengthening foreign
laws, manners, and language, in the Lower Pre;vince, destroy'
ing every hope of future amalgamation, by aggravating and
perpetuating the natural divisions of a mixed population. Nor
can I look forward to any interference on the part of the Impe'
rial Legislature at this late period, without earnestly depreco'
ting those HALF measures, or illusory expedients, which
weak or vacillating Administrations adopt, to remove evils
to a little distance, in order to serve their own temporal
and narrow views of convenience and continuance in office'
—For the only means, in my humble opinion, of retracing
steps which have already conducted us to the brink of a Pre'
cipice, exposing British laws, language, character, and the
future reputation of the British Government, to contempt, can
be found in the speedy RE-UNION of the disjoined Provinces'
combined with a law restraining the Crown from granting
more lands, otherwise than on the English tenure of " free 04
common soccage," and to enable the present tenants, en rotfr"
to commute the feudal rights of their Seigneurs for a valuable
consideration. Such measures would likewise naturally tend
to facilitate the execution of a neglected clause in the Quebec
Act of 1774, which clearly prescribes the extension of English
laws and rules of procedure to the townships, and to all land'
already granted or to be granted by his Majesty in free a°
common soccage.—Nothing, indeed, but that extreme ing'
ference and apathy as to the due enforcement of Colonial pone!
and laws, which has characterised the British Parliament du"
ing the thirty years last past, can account for the delay which
has taken place in giving full and complete effect throughout
Canada to one of the few salutary provisions in the Act abve'
mentioned ; for be it remembered that it has only been Pr'
tially executed by the establishment of English law in Upper
Canada. The eighth section of the Act of 1774 enacts, that 40
all matters of controversy, relative to property and civil right',
resort should be had to the laws of Canada as the rule of dcci'
sion for the same. But the ninth section is as follows
" Provided always, that nothing in this Act contained shall
" extend, or be construed to extend, to any lands that have
" been granted by his Majesty, or shall hereafter be grants
" by his Majesty, his heirs and successors, to be holden in free
" and common soccage."—The present state of affairs prevents
British Emigrants from settling in the Lower Province ; f°r
the best of them fly from feudal tenures, French laws, 10'
guage, and manners, and to seek an asylum in the Unite"
States or Upper Canada, going some times 500 miles in.lauel
from Montreal before they find rest for the soles of their fee
And thus, at a distance from a market, they find that they have
only shifted the scene of difficulty by removing from Great
Britain. Indeed, the only means of rendering' Canada a fit
asylum for British Emigrants, and a Colony destined to extend
and perpetuate the English name and language, can be found
in the measures above-mentioned. The prejudiced and French
Canadian argument against such measures is, that the slightest
innovation affecting the laws, language, manners, and eustorcs
of the Lower Province, would eventually transfer the whole
country to the Americans : this is the BUGBEAR which has
been set up, and kept up, by the French Canadian Leaders' ;
both Laymen and Clergymen, to frighten the British Govern'
ment from any rational attempt to make this Colony a useful
appendage to the Empire, or any thing else but a fbreign eon'
try, filled with a population deformed with an aggravation and
caricature of all the defects of the French character. But a°
such fears ought to be entertained by any but a bad Govern'
ment. For, if you cast your eye over the map of the North
American Continent, and even restrict the Canadas to the
St. Lawrence and its Parent Lakes as boundaries, you will
perceive that they contain as much land as the European Cont''
tinent. This extraordinary extent of territory is one of the
strongest physical obstacles to an eventual connection and amid'
gamation with the American States. Supposing even the Amer:'
cans to perceive an interest in obtaining the occupation of the
Southern coast of the Gulf and the Southern bankof the St. Lair
rence, that River and its Parent Lakes would still remain like those
eternal boundaries which Nature and Providence appear to have
established between great nations. The Americans, however,
by their stupendous works of the Grand Canal, and the North'
ern Canal, having connected Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, 06
Lake Champlain, with the lludson, no longer feel their Pre:
vious anxiety for a commercial outlet by the St. Lawrence ;
nor can they now view it as such a national object of interest
or ambition. The sagacious Americans too, like our country"
men, prefer Southern prospects ; and their tide of emigration
has taken a most decided turn to the Southward and West-
ward, where Louisiana and Florida invite their surplus poPit-
lation to riot in the luxuries of warmer climates. I still, hol"
ever, trust that the British Government will act with prudence'
and not secretly promote Indian hostility ; and if they do not,
by a continuance of the most culpable neglect and mismanage
e
ment, in Canada, destroy the partialities and attachments of
NATIVE British Subjects, loyalists, and their, descendant'
THIS COUNTRY will long remain a British Colony. If to
nada be lost to the British Empire, before it is strong enougk_.a
assume a station as an independent state, though more inc iw`d
tthoaotpthpoeselothssawnill.toajr?sine with the
eUpneirvtederSsetacotesn,dulcta,mancond
shore;vine
sighted policy, of the British Government and its Colonial o',
firers, and from no other cause whatever."

he present doll'
lesirous of call'
Commercial ad
'_of the extraO'
ade on accotiol
ur corn.marV
en forwarded °
Legislatures
?etitions are °

LND ED interel°
r will not be able
%, who aetualif
han would feel
and exclusiyelf
The relaxatioP
al to the cord'

Tun4sT,

ies ; but exit'

al constitution
lion, a cletisifc

h Governmezt,

hces. It is ill'
tegislatuxe h°
anadas. Me'

Thursday,

nce were in tl'e
Ministry SO
the right all
upCtintend the
on, and accor'
TERIOR MO'

Friday,

fal interests of

Saturday,

rence, indick
of these Pro'
that the Bei'
it Constitution
not produced
hey have pro'
Political, be
iening foreigh
ince, destroi'
;ravating and
Orion. Nor
of the kir
estly depreco-
lents, which

remove eve
►n temporal/

ace in off►ce'
of retracia
rink of a pre'

ter, and the

ontempt, can
ed Province''

•om granting
of " free ell 4

its, en rotiAl,

Ora valuable
laturally tend
the Queb
,n of English
d to all lands
ty in free 00
ctreme indif'
gonial pone!
diament dur"
delay which
through°Pt
e Act above'

ly been Par'
aw in Upper
facts, that ill

civil right,
rOle of dcci•

s follows :-""

thined -shsl/

is that have
be grantell
Aden in free

tirs prevent°
.ovince ft'r
laws, 10'
the United
Liles in-land
their fee ;

►t they hsve

from Greal

anada a fit
and to extent(
an be found
and French
the slightest
end customs
r the whole
which has

an Leaders+

sh Govern'

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r. But pa

id Govern'
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;, you wig
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one of the

and aural'

the Amer:'

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Ile St. Las"
inlike those

ear to have

, however,
the North'
_

Itari o, ard

l their Pre:
Lawrence'
of interest
it countrr
emigration
and West"
plus poPu"
ail!, how'
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ley do 002
Lismansq'
ents of we
scendarits,
Ca-
to
enough
re inciiol
convince,
and sh°*:
olonlsl 0,,

• \ti
A
: / A
*
,

MASONIC NOTICES FOR NEXT WEEK.
ENGLAND.
'Monday, April 1, LONDON. Nos. 5, 27, 39, 89, 218,
223, 289. Quart. Meet-
ing Boys' Sch. at 7.
COUNTRY. Nos. 20, 64, 72, 102, 148,
191, 202, 219, 238, 267,
311, 369, 372, 398, 423,
425, 455, 498, 602, 503,
509, 541, 553, 632, 638,
644, 680.
-2, LONDON. Nos. 9, 240, 281, 287, 381.
COUNTRY. Nos. 21, 127, 167, 170,
180, 184, 196, 204, 385,
387, 471, 476, 497, 501,
507, 512, 528, 532, 544,
, 79, 639.
Wednesday, -3, LONDON. N 05.551 35, 557755, 220.
COUNTRY. Nos. 54, 84, 95, 121, 124,
126, 129, 139, 146, 207,
229, 291, 339, 400, 465,
468, 472, 487, 491, t:l5,
513, 526; 529, 563, 577,
581, 585, 606, 656, 690,
705, 711, 713, 725.
-4, LONDON. Nos. 25, 34, 61,,122, 239,
277, 325.
COUNTRY. Nos. 45, 48, 57, 70, 113,
171, 182, 214, 234, 384,
416, 420, 451, 453, 461,
466, 469, 483, 518, 545,
555, 556, 560, 561, 586,
587, 599, 627, 642, 679,
717.
-5, LONDON. Nos. 10, 210, 399, 409.
COUNTRY. Nos. 13, 28, 30, 55, 58,
470, 533, 538, 550, 655,
709.
-6, LONDON. No. 173.
COUNTRY. No. 675.
IRELAND.
Monday, April 1, CORK. No. 347.
Tuesday, -2, CORK. No. 95.
Wednesday, -3, CORK. Nos. 1,3, 41.

THEATRE ICU YA L, CO EN 1:
LAS r NIGHT.
Under the Management of Mr. BOCHSA.
11-10-MORROW, FRIDAY, March 29, 1822,
A GRAND SELECTION of ANCIENT and MO-
DERN MUSIC.
Part I. A SELECTION from Handel's favourite Serenata,
• ACIS and GALATEA. Between the First and Second Parts,
• Trio for Two Violoncellos and Double Bass—Mr. Lindley,
Mr. R. Lindley, arid Mr. Dragonetti.
Part 11. A GRAND SELECTION from the Works of Han-
• del, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Peptise!), Gitgliehni, Att-
wood, liochsa, arid Rossini. From the enthusiasm with
Which it was recived on Wednesday last will be repeated,
Concertante for Two Harps—Mr. Bochsa and Mr. Dizi (in
which will be introduced the Favourite Atr, as arranged
by Mr. Hawes, " We're a' nuddin ;" and (by express desire)
• the Echo Song—Miss Stephens arid Mrs. Salmon.
• Part 111. A GRAND MISCELLANEOUS ACT; to con-
clude with the National Anthem, " God save the King," the
Solos by Miss Stephens and Mrs. Salmon.
ParNctrxt. SINGERS.—Mrs. Salmon, Miss Stephens, Ma-
dame Kunz) de Begnis, Miss Goodall, Mrs. Bellchanibers,
Miss Povey, and Madame Camporese ; Mr. Bellamy, Signor
Ambrogetti, Signor de Begnis, Signor Carton', Mr. Pyne,
Mr. Hawes, Mr. Nelson, Mr. 'Finney, Master Longhurst,
and Mr. Sapio.
Conductor—Sir Geo. Smart, who will preside at the Organ.
Leader—Mr. Smart.