The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-01 00:00:00

NOTICE I
Just ready, at all the Libraries,
In 2 rots. post Bro., 21s. bound,
THE LORD OF THE MANOR;
Or,

. LIGHTS AND SHADES OF COUNTRY LIFE.
By the Author of
" Raby Rattler," " Rowland Bradshaw,"'
William Shoberl, Publisher, 20, Great Marlborough-street.
*** Orders should be given immediately to prevent disappointment.

UNIFORM with LIDDELL and SCOTT'S LEXICON.
Just published, in 1 vol. post 4t0., price 21s. cloth,
ANEW ENGLISH-GREEK LEXICON;
containing all the Greek words used by Writers of good
authority; citing the Authorities in Chronological Order for every
Word used ; explaining the Construction, and giving the Declension
or Conjugation of each Word when irregular, and marking the
Quantities of all doubtful Syllables.
By C. D. YONGE, B.A.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET.
I)lwpoleing Views, of Rome.—Lecture and Experiments, with the
Hydro-Electris Machine.—Lectures en Chemistry—Exhibition of the
Oxy-hydrogen Microscope.—Dlrer and Diving-bell.—The Chroma.
trope.—Explanations of Models and Machinery.
Open daily from Eleven to Five ; and in the Evenings (except
Saturday) from Seven till Half-past Ten.
Admission. la.-Schools, Half-price.—The New Catalogue, ls.

THE FIRST OF OCTOBER.
TO SPORTSMEN.
While the Autumn dew-drops glisten
On the grass and fading tree,
Listen, fellow-sportsmen, listen,
To a word or two from me.
Nature now is calm and sober;
Autumn's beauties are revealed—
'Tis the month of pale October,
When the sportsman seeks the field.

New delights are now presented
To the man that loves his gun ;
Other favourite game is scented,
Other sporting havoc dole.
But, I pray you tell me, brothers,
Whether you're prepared or not ?
nave you changed your coats for others,
Like the one which I have got ?

If you've never been to MOSES'
For a stylish coat, and strcng:
By your pointers' tails or noses,
I declare you've acted wrong.

MOSES' for a moderate figure,
Far outrival all the trade ;
And I'd never touch a trigger
In a coat by others made.
No one in his senses sober
Messrs. MOSES could condemn,
Therefore, since 'tis now October,
Buy your shooting-coats of them.
LIST OF PRICES.

Autumn and Winter Over Coats, in every
The Bulwer, handsomely and warmly trimmed 0 18 0
The Paletot, ditto ..••• • .. • • 0 18 0
Chesterfield, ditt0........•.•• •• 1 0 0
The Albert Wrapper, S. very handsome style
of Ov,r Coat ....... • •• •• ••• • • 1 5 0
Shooting Coats ....
Lounging or Morning Coats .. •.••.• • • • • .. 0 4 6
Autumn and Winter Trousers, in Tweed .... 0 4 6
Ditto ditto Doe kin 0 7 6
Ditto Vests . ...... ......... 0 2 6
Black Silk Velvet Ve5t5............... ..... 0 13 6
Dress Coats ............ ..... 0 17 0
Frock Ditto •••• • ..... 0 19 0
Youths and Boys' Over Coats, in every style,
from ......... ........ ........ ........ 0 7 0
Hussar and Tunic Suits .................. 0 14 6
Boys' Autumn and Winter Vests
MADE TO MEASURE.
Men's Autumn and Winter Over Coats from 1 1 0
The Chesterfield Wrapper, in a warm ma-
terial, lined ••••• • • • .. •... • , 1 6 0
The Valeta, handsomely and warmly trimmed 1 16 0
The Eglinton Wrapper, a very elegant style of
Over Coat ................... .... 2 0 0
The Strathmore Witney Over Coat, newest
style, lined throughout .......... ..
Autumn and Winter Trowsers, in Tweed and
Best Black Cassimere ditto 1 6 0
Autumn and Winter Vests 0 8 6
Best Black Cloth ditto .................... 0 13 6
Black Silk Velvet ditto 0 18 6
„ Dress C0at5........
„ Frock .......... •••• •• • •from 355. to 3 3 0
Hussar and Tunic Suits..
Superfine ...... •• •
Men's Shooting Coat 0 15 0
Elegant Dressing Robes, in great variety,
fromA
Large Stock of Fur Coats, in every shape, from 60g. to 201.
Naval and Military Uniforms, Liveries, &c.
Mourning to any extent at Five Minutes' notice.
A Bait of Mourning complete for 11. 10s.
The new book, entitled the "Great Fact," with thil directions
for Self-measurement, can be had en application, or forwarded, post
free, to any pert of the kingdom.

Notice— the Shawl and Parasol Department are new replete wills
every novelty of the season.
Observe—Any article purchased, either ready made, or made to
measure, if not approved of will be exchanged, or the money returned.
E. SIOSES and SUN, Tailor.,, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, Hatters,
Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoemakers, and General On:fitters, 154,
155, 156, and 157 ➢finorie=, and 83, 81. 85, and 8G Aligate, City,
London ; all communicating with each other, and forming one ♦ast
Establishment.

Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret having to guard the publis
against imposition; but keying heard that the untradesmanUks
falsehood of being connected with them, or " It is the same conctre."
has ism resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons,
hey beg to state that they have no connexion with any other bon: s
In or out of London, except their Branch Establishments, 3G, Far-
..ate, Sheffield ; and 19, Thornton's-buildings, Bradford, Yorkshire ;
“24 t uose whe require cheap and genuine clothing, Ito., should call
at or send to the slinories and Aldgate, City, London ; or either of
the Branch Establishments, at above.
'race Notice.—This Establisianent is closed from sunset Frisiay.
to trinset Raturday. when hiag.negg is regained till twelve n'elnek

A I A
Ono halt the world are desolately single, and the other
inpposieg them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
enso of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes am-
sitter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
omprosing hurry; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
and social content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour end justice demand that health shouldform an item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, If
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
MEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life," pub. in 2 vols., Is.
3sch (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
iy misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, bat
far the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash plit forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which 'alone or
ogether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
ittle publications claim your attention (same price Is. Gael,
by rest ls. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
pamp lets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor aro they the
mere ephemeral scribbling. of the hour, but the study of the author's
ife who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
serr.two of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
woese `fe done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
on the "sunny side of the way." Tho above works may be had of
Sherwood, 23, Faterncster-row ' • Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street • MUM.
39, Corn'aill; Nalson, 457, West Strand; or direct (by post or other•
wise) i -ens the anther (who may be conferred with pensehallYe
mornings and evenings), 10, Argyll-place Bekaa-Woe" And a 1
Booksellers.'

ROYAL ARTILLEELY.—Wo?
Captain Irving's company,
battalion, from field
Major Desbrisay's company,
12t5tia:LitcariO SEPT. 29.--
n, has relieved
being under orders to
1 part of October. Capt.
battery duty,
proceed to Ireland in :the
battalion, has been placed un-
der company, the latterh ceosmvpyany
edl i
etvo Portsmouth on Wednesday
proceed to
Palliser, commanding officer
e Captain Henderson's com-
pany, the latter will return to head-
ndeexr
t,ocordeetresberto3,l
pany, 10th
Llatutat
..c
quarters. le :
ofcom-
mand 6th battalion, having been appointed to the of the Royal Artillery at Dover, and joined at
that station, Lieut.-Colonel Tomkyns has assumed tl,e
command of the 6th battalion, in garrison here, in the
room of Lieut.-Colonel Palliser. Second Captain and
Adjutant Barker having been promoted to be Fir!it
Captain and the command of a company, Second Captain
D. Pack has been appointed Adjutant to the 3d batta•
lion. Lieutenant Barstow is appointed to the Royal
Horse Artillery, from the Ist battalion, vice Vansittar,
exchanged from the Royal Horse Artillery to tie lie
battalion.

ALARMING FlRE.—Yesterday morning, between
two and three o'clock, the premises of Mr. J. W. Drake,
beershop•kceper, No. 67, Lambeth-street, Goodman's-
fields, were discovered to be on fire. The flames com-
menced in the front room, second-floor, and from the
position they took not the least doubt is entertained that
the fire was caused by some incendiary. The engine
from Wellclose-square quickly attended, and owing to
the exertions of the inmates and strangers the flames
were soon extinguished, and before any considerable
amount of property had been consumed. From inqui-
ries made by the police, it is quite likely that the party
who caused the outbreak will be speedily captured.
WEsT RIDING RuvisioN.—The revision of the
West Riding commenced on Monday at New Delph, and,
excepting Ripon polling district, will be completed the
day. T)se returns have been so much delayed that it is
impossible accurately to state the results for more than
nine polling districts out of the twenty-six into which
the riding is divided ; but enough is known respecting
the remainder to warrant the statement that the gain
will be on the side of the Liberals, and is expected to be
upwards of 300. —.Leeds Mercury.

lIIEATRIT. ROYAL HAYMARKET.
The public Is respectfully informed that this popular establishment
will OPEN for the Season
VHS EVF.NIND.
When will he performed thy• Comedy of VIC LOVE CHASE. Sir
Wiliam Fondlove, Mr. Tilbury ; Master Waller, Mr Howe ; Wild-
rate, Mr. Webster; Widow Green, Mrs. W. Clifford; Lydia, Miss
J. Slordaunt , Constance, Mrs. Nisbett.
After which the highly successful new Farce, called an
ALARMING SACRIFICE. Bob Ticket, Mr. Buckstone ; Susan
Swe.tapple, Mrs. Fitzwillisin.
To he fol owed by the new Farce, entitled SEPARATE MAIN-
,TEN A NC E.
To conclude with A KISS IN THE DARK.
On MONDAY, Oct. t, Mr. 31.-ACItE %DY will make his first ap-
pearance in London since his return f.om America, and commence
his first series of his Farewell Performlnces previous to his retire-
ment from the stage at the end of June next.
Due notice will be given of the appearance of Mr. and Mrs. KEAN.
The Box-office will be oxen on Thursday, under the direction of
Mr. I. T. Archer.

THEATRE ROYAL, AUELPIII.
rniler the direction of Madame Celeste.
THIS EVENING,
Win be performed the popular Drama of MARIE DUCA,.TGE.
Principal characters by Messrs. Boyce, 0. Smith, Wright, Worrell,
and Madame Celeste.
After which a new Farce, entitled A BIRD OF PASSAGE. Mr.
Carry Chick, Mr. Wright; Mr. Chaunt Ginger, Mr. Paul Bedford ;
Mr. Charles Pusher, Mr. Boyce; Ernest Hopeful, Mr. Worrell; Mrs.
Waters Rummer, Mrs. Frank Matthews.
To be followed by a novelty in the shape of A. MOST UNWAR
RANTABLE INTRUSION', which will be committed by Mr. Wright
,o the annoyance of Mr. Paul Bedford.
To conclude with ANIMAL MAGNETISM.

ROYAL LYCY.UM THEATRE.
tinder the Management of Madame Vestris.
T..4ftee. Mr. Charlei Vq.h,,,
The public is respectfully informed that this Theatre will OPEN
THIS EVENING,
When will be presented the Musical Drama, entitled THE SEN-
TINEL.
After which, THE FOLLIES OF A NIGHT,
The National Anthem—" God Save the ueen."
To conclude with a comic Drama, called THE GARRICK FEVER
Dress 65.; Upper Boxes, as. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. No
Ilalf-price to any part of the house.
The New Roft-office, No. 2, Wellinvor-street, Is open to the
*nro,o v"ry lar, from Tan till

PRI.NCES'S THEAIL.E.
wr. .7. M addox, i4ole Lessee and , anager.
the public is respectfhlly informed that this Theatre will OPEN
THIS EVENING,
When will be performed the celebrated Opera of DON GIOVANNI.
The National Anthem—" Gad save the Queen."
To conclude with a new Extravaganza, entitled THE FIRST
NIGHT.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
rider the Patronage of her Mesty the Queen, his Royal Ilighnsiss
Princeaj klbert, &c.
First Night of the gorgeous new Spectacle.
THIS EVENING,
Win be performed Fitzball's grand Equestrian Spectacle, entitled
THE PROPHET, in which Mr. N. W. st will appear.
to be ..,,lowed by an Inimitable display of SCENES IN THE
CIRCLE. by the first Equestrian talent of the day.
To conclude with a favourite Farce.
Pox-oftlce open from Eleven till Four.
ztart, Mcmaszer. Mr. w. West.

.vATtift AT 1.0N1)03 Linll)4E,
Tam DAY —Morning, 9 min. after 1 I Evening, 28 min. after 1
To-'foaanw—,l,,lin.,, 46 min after 1 1 Evening, 4 min. after 2

WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, OCT. 1.

THERMOMETER, Lowe at, 47 , Highest, 64; Noon, 53.

BAROMETER, 29.54.

Wind E.N.E.—Heavy rain in the night; Morning, cloudy.

4 f2„4,,,,
•
; r.
• 4'14

attit
NDON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1849.

RUPTURE BETWEEN RUSSIA

AND TURKEY.

A general European war appears now to be
imminent—a war between Russia and Austria on the
one side, and on the other Turkey, backed by France
and England. Reaction has revealed " a vaulting
ambition," which has certainly " overleaped itself"
in 'this instance—the Austrian EMPEROR, thirsting
with a somewhat too diabolical eagerness for ven-
geance, and the Russian EMPEROR yearning rather
too violently for the domination of Constantinople.
Thanks be to the GOD of Justice, the mask has fallen
betimes. Absolutism, intoxicated with a success
brought about by the treason of ARTHUR GEORGEY,
has been so far carried away by a sudden delirium of
joy that it has unwittingly exposed to view the most
secret infamies of its character. Ever since the un-
conditional capitulation of the ALBEMARLE of Hun-
gary, the Cabinets of Vienna and St. Veter,burgb
have given loose to their evil passions. Ever since
that period Europe has been horrified by the
atrocities committed by HAYNAU and bis lieutenants.
Excesses of cruelty more horrible have not been per-
petrated with such systematic ferocity since the wars
of the condottieri, since the Duke VALENTINO ravaged
the provinces of the Roman peninsula. Within the
last half-year men have witnessed the commission of
crimes which ATTILA would scracely have perpetrated
without reluctance, or without some sentiments of
compunction. Military tribunals have been sitting
n permanence. Permanent gibbets have been erected.
Prisoners have been shot down in batches. The dun-
geons of Buda-Pesth have been filled to repletion.
Property has been confiscated. Extreme age and
extreme youth, virgins and children, women on the
eve of becoming mothers, and men venerable
from their white h3irs and their probity, have
been destroyed without distinction. And, not con-
tent with the multiplicity of the victims already in
their power, the Generals of FaaNz JOSEPH and of
NICHOLAS have dispatched the bloodhounds of re
venge in pursuit of those who were endeavouring to
escape from their grasp—setting a price upon the
heads of the Magyar leaders, and issuing that hideous
proclamation which the Allied Sovereigns dared to
publish against the Emperor NAPOLEON, declaring the
Polish captains who had tsken part in the glorious
war of liberation to be " without the pale of the
Laws of Nations." I❑ pursuance of this demoniacal
policy the Russian and Austrian Ambassadors at
Constantinople have at last boldly demanded from
the Sublime Porte the extradition of the Hungarian
refugees now within the boundaries of the Turkish do-
minions—LUDWlG KOSSUTH, with MESSAROS, and
PERCZEL, and the rest of his illustrious companions.
Nobly and valiantly has the young Sultan-Caliph,
ABDULAIESCHID, acted in this supreme emergency ;
and nobly and valiantly has that heroic Mahometan
been supported in his determination by his Councillors
in the Divas.

There is, perhaps, no point on which men of all
classes, creeds, and parties exhibit a greater unanimity
of opinion than on the justice, as well as expe-
diency, of providing compensation to occupying
tenants for permanent and lasting improvements of
their holdings. These opinions have been entertained
by representatives of the great sections or parties
within the walls of Parliament, as well as out of
doors. They have in turn brought forward Bills
calculated to attain the great desideratum ; but, un-
fortunately, there have been so many differences with
regard to details, such conflicting judgments as to the
machinery by which the object might be achieved,
that nothing practical has as yet been effected. Thus,
we find Lord STANLEY, the recognised leader
of the Protectionists, Lord LINCOLN, as the
organ of the Peel Administration, and Sir
W ILLILM S OMBILVILLIt Secretary for "Ireland,
under the present Government, introducing
Bills into Parliament for the same purpose, while
private Members have been no less active. Mr.
SHARMAN CRAWFORD, Mr. PUSEY, and Mr. DRUM-
MOND, brought forward distinct measures for the
purpose, and Mr. POULETT SCROFE, the zealous and
indefatigable friend of Ireland, his, both by speaking
and writing, in his place as a representative of the
people, through the public journals and by various
pamphlets, unceasingly advocated the same principle ;
and more recently, we are informed that Mr. BRIGHT,
who has just returned from a tour through Ireland,
has expressed his determination to bring forward a
Bill in the very commencement of the next session,
"to give security to tenants for the improvements
they may create," should Government be unwilling
to undertake the responsibility of legislating on this all-
important subject. Here, then, we find Whig and
Tory, Conservative and Radical, Protectionist and
Free Trader, for once united. It is, indeed, a sub-
ject that may well call forth the energies and demand
the co-operation of all, without exception, for the
common benefit. There are, in fact, no conflicting
interests to be reconciled. The solution of the
problem would be equally advantageous to the land-
lord as to the tenant, to the proprietor as to the
occupier of the soil, to the unemployed labourer as
to the rate-payer in Ireland, and to the tax-payer of
the United Kingdom. It is a question deeply affect-
ing the pockets of all classes, which will, therefore,
ensure the most mature and attentive consideration.

Neither is it one of recent occurrence, produced by
the extraordinary visitation of PROVIDENCE, under
which the sister kingdom has been so

Prince RaDziviL, Ambassador Extraordinary from
the Court of Russia, and Aide-de-camp of the CZAR,
having already distinctly avowed that it is the inten-
tion of the AUTOCRAT to have every one of the fugi-
tives now in Turkey hinged immediately they fall
into his possession, nevertheless, as the representative
of his SOVEREIGN, had the hardihood and, we can but
call it, the effrontery to require from the SULTAN the
instant deliverance into the hands of his imperial master
of those glorious victims of misfortune who have recently
claimed his protection. Immediately they became
acquainted with the nature of this requisition, the
members of the Grand Council, with one accord,
resolved, that in defiance of all the threats
of Russia, her demands should be at once
and peremptorily resisted. As a nation, the
Turks, cordially sympathise with this magnanimous
resolution. As chief of tha religioa of the Crescent,
SHIES- UL-ISLAENI has declared his full concurrence.
As supreme head of the Mussulman empire, the
SULTAN has declared his good pleasure to abide by
the determination of the Divan—his MAJESTY coin-
ciding with the SIIBIK-lIL-ISLAEM that it would be
contrary to the first principles of their belief, and of
the first dogmas articulated in the Koran, to act
otherwise, it being there enjoined that the followers
of MAROMET " shol
to all who are in pita ity and protection
give hospitality
misfortune, without distinction of
creed or country." Surely this is worthy of
the homage and the admiration of the lovers of
Christianity. Not only has the Sublime Porte com-
mitted itself to this generous line of policy, and
officially proclaimed its sentiments through the cus-
tomary channels, but it is generally understood that
on the occasion of a personal interview between
Prince RADZIVIL and the SULTAN, his Majesty chival-
rously expressed the indignation with which he, as a
Sovereign Prince, regarded this demand of the
AUTOCRAT.

Happily for ABDULMESCIIID, he is at this moment
admirably supported by the English and
French Ambassadors. M. Aurtcx, as representative
of the French Republic, and Sir STRATFORD CANNING,
as representative of her Britannic MAJESTY, both
enjoy his fullest confidence, and both sustain him in
his valiant resolve to do battle in vindication of
humanity. It is even said that the two ambassadors
have already, in proof of their entire concurrence,
demanded the immediate presence of the fleets of their
respective nations in the Dardanelles. Sir STRATFORD
CANNING himself, besides being the personal friend of
the SULTAN, may almost be Laid to he at this moment
the acting Minister of War of Turkey. An illus-
tration of this will be found in our foreign
intelligence. From the same intelligence it will be,

severely afflicted. For centuries the relationship of
landlord and tenant in Ireland has been
loudly, and but too truly, complained of, and its
mischievous results forced upon the notice of the Go-
vernment, the Legislature, and the public generally.
There have been periodical seasons of scarcity, fre-
quently amounting to famine; and the habitual con-
dition of the Irish agricultural labourers and their
families, and indeed of the entire cottier population,
has been characterised by almost unceasing want,
misery, and destitution of the most melancholy and
painful description—disgraceful to a civilized commu-
nity and contrary to the plainest dictates of Chris-
tianity. Twelve years since—before the potato blight
had ever been heard of—we were told by the Com-
missioners appointed to inquire into the state of the
Irish poor that a portion of the able-bodied labouring
population of Ireland, amounting with their
families to nearly two millions and a hay
of human beings, were, for more than half
of every year, "out of work and in distress ;"
and, by the more recent Commission presided over by
the Earl of DEVON, the object of which was "to
report as to the amendment, if any, of the existing
laws, which, having due regard to the just rights of
property, may be calculated to encourage the culti-
vation of the soil, to extend a better system of agri-
culture, and to improve the relation between landlord
and tenant," we have been informed that the great
body of the Irish people are " badly housed, badly
fed, and badly clothed," and that " their sufferings
are greater than those of the people of any country in
Europe."

This untoward state may, in a great degree, if not
altogether, be traced to the operation of the landlord
and tenant code in that country, which, being
in every respect adverse to the occupiers, has
not merely retarded improvements, but operated as
an actual prohibition to any efforts by the tenant-
farmers to bring their holdings into the most pro-
ductive condition. No encouragement was afforded
to the good and improving tenant. If waste were
comm
he
itted or the lands deteriorated during his
tenancy,
might be punished, but he could claim
no recompense for any amelioration, and but too
frequently the very improvements that should have
insured the approbation and esteem of his landlord,
led to a considerable increase of rent, or perhaps the
total eviction of the improver, who beheld another
enjoying the fruits of his industry. This impolitic
and iniquitous system prevented that community of
interest that should exist in every well-regulated
state between landlords and tenants. It was,
in fact, the object of the latter to keep
the lands impoverished and unproductive ;
they dwelt in miserable huts, little better than pig-
sties, because no allowance would be made for houses,
offices, or other buildings ; and in Ireland it is not
customary for landlords to erect farm-houses, or to
render the holdings fit for occupation. All that must
be done by the incoming tenant, the greater part of

moreover, perceived that matters have been brought whose capital is exhausted in rendering the place 1
to such an extremity, in regard to the question of habitable, and that of cuurse i, done in the cheapest
extra,lHol. that there is an actual rupture between and mn=t slovenly manner, sttff clent to meet tem-
the two governments. M. DE TITOFF having de- ' ime iv wants, but not to t.revid for the future.
clarei, on the arternoon of the 15th of September, ' Permanent and lasting improv.-ments are compara-
that unless the requirements of the Czar were ac- tively unknown; they cannot even be effected with
ceded to within thirty hours from the date of his the consent of the landlord; for, in the great majority
communication, there would be a suspension of all of cases, he is a mere tenant fur life, deeply ember-
further diplomatic relations, the Porte, late on the rassed, who cannot make any present allowance from
evening of the 16th ultimo, transmitted to the Russian his own pecuniary difficulties for any future change,
because the lands must descend unincumbered to his
and Austrian Embassies its final determination—
distinctly rejecting the demand of extradition.
In consequence of this refusal, M. DE
TITOFF has suspended all relations with the
Porte, and on the following morning Prince
RADZIVIL hastily took his departure for St. Peters-
burgh. Affairs remain, therefore, in this imminent
position—a rupture between the Russo-Austrian Ca-
binets and the Cabinet of Turkey—and a demand issued
from the English and French Ambassadors for the
presence of the fleets of their respective nations in the
Dardanelles, for the support of the SULTAN and the
protection of Constantinople.
All opportunity has passed away for further
procrastination on the part of the Foreign
Secretary. Lord PALMERSTON has now be-
fore him but one simple and imperative duty
—the duty of acting, and of acting with prompti-
tude. Unless he does so, the golden bowl of his re-
putation is shattered. England will look for imme
diate support from his hands to Sir STRATFORD CAN-
NING, who has conducted our relations with the Sub-
lime Porte so nobly, so wisely, and so magnani-
mously. England will look for the immediate ap-
pearance of her fleet off the Golden Horn, and gladly
would the people of this country recognise as the
Sea Captain in the Dardanelles the brave Sir
CHARLES NAPIER, the hero of St. Jean d'Acre.
Let Lord PALMERSTON not permit this moment
of fortune to pass away without yielding advantages
to the cause of Britain, to the cause of
Turkey, of Hungary, and of civilization. All depends
upon action, and all the felicities of action depend at
this period upon its promptitude. Every attention
should for the time being be concentrated upon the
Present, as regrets for the Past are idle, and equally
idle are all anticipations as to the Future. So extra-
ordinary is the posture of affairs, that speculation as
to the result would be worse than frivolous. it is im-
possible to conjecture otherwise than that in this in-
stance, as in so many preceding ones,Good may come out
of Evil—out of the lust of Austria for vengeance and
the lust of Russia for territorial aggrandisement. If
Lord PALMERSTON only remains true to the cause
with which his distinguished and historical name has
been so long identified, we may yet witness the con-
solidation of a free and independent Turkey, a free
and independent Hungary, a free and independent
Poland, the disruption of Austria, the incor-
poration of Savoy with France, the acquisi-
tion of Trieste by England, the union of Lombardy,
Piedmont, and Venice, the establishment of German
nationality under a Central Government, and the
frustration of all the dreams of the AUTOCRAT as to
the subjugation of Western Europe, and the destruc
tion of Democracy.

successor.
One portion oflreland alone constitutes the exception
to the general rule. In that part of the northern
province where the custom' of " tenant-right" is fully
recognised an adequate motive is supplied to induce
the occupier to exert all his energies for the improve-
ment of the soil. He knows that his skill and
industry will not be wasted or bestowed for the
benefit of others ; that so long as he performs his
pert of the contract, --by paying the stipulated rent,
he will be permitted to retain possession of his
farm ; and, even if he should fall into arrear, he will
be enabled to dispose of his interest to another person,
the arrear of rent constituting the first lien on the
purchase money. Under this wise and equitable
sys'em there is no abduction of crops, no absconding of
tenants. The landlord may calculate on receiving
every shilling to which he is fairly entitled.
His rental might possibly be nominally less, al-
though we are by no means disposed to admit that
land is let to solvent tenants on lower terms in Ulster
than in the other provinces, but his actual receipts
will be far more. No allowance is to be made for
bad debts or defaulting tenants. The " good• will "
of the lands will always sell for sufficient to satisfy all
debts, whether for rent or taxes, that may be owing, and
generally to leave a surplus for the outgoing tenant.
The landlord has not to bribe the refractory occupier
to surrender possession of the wasted and impoverished
lands, or to provide for arrears of rates that remain
charges upon the farm ; he does not see his fields
remaining barren and uncultivated, while the un-
principled occupier is coolly bargaining for the sum
he is to receive before he will give up " the
key," or threatening to assign it over to a pauper,
who cannot be ejected, in the ordinary course
of law, under a delay of six or eight months, and an
expenditure of some 701. or 801. The Ulster landlord
accurately knows what he is to receive, and is not
exposed to the contingencies and losses that are so
justly complained of by his brethren in the south
and west ; but he is not permitted "to do what he
will with his own." He cannot drive his tenants to
the hustings like a pack of sheep to record their
votes for his nominee. He cannot indulge his clear-
ing propensities, or render a once populous and happy
district a desert. Although he enjoys all the real
advantages of the position, he is not a despot exer-
cising unlimited power over a set of miserable serfs.
And, therefore, the landlords of Munster and Con-
naught are unwilling to adopt the judicious prin-
ciple that has produced such fruits, or to exchange
their own barren and useless tyranny for the substan-
tial advantages that would be attained if the " Ulster
tenant right" were legalised and extended throughout
the entire of the sister kingdom.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday,
together with several of those of Friday and those of
yesterday.
The manifesto of the POPE is commented on in all
the Paris journals, and, with one exception, they are
unanimous in denouncing the mockery of an amnesty.
That exception is characteristic. The Univers, the
organ of the priests and Jesuits, is the only French
journal which disgraces itself by becoming the
apologist of persecution. The Dibats says :
" In the nicht proprio of the Holy Father there are
two parts to be distinguished; that which concerns the
institutions, and that which relates to the amnesty. On
the first point we may regret that the reforms promised
do not present a character capable of more immediate
realization; that they are surrounded with restrictions
and reserves which appear to postpone their execution
period_ It is, however. a point
it is impossible not to leave a wide latitude to the
initiative of the Government. The institutions in
themselves will have more or less truth or sincerity
according to the men who are charged to put them in prac-
tice. Were the Pope to grant much more extensive and
more liberal reforms, they would still depend on the
good or bad inclination of the Administration. The
organization of the Roman States must be taken as it is.
There has never been a question of demanding of the
Pope the establishment of a Constitutional Government,
such as is understood in countries where there is a well-
defined separation between the spiritual and the tem-
poral p Aver. Institutions of that kind are absolutely
incompatible with the maintenance of the Pontifical
power ; to demand them, wouli be to ask of the
Pope the annihilation of his own power, and it would
be of no use to have gone to re establish it. It
therefore, necessary in this matter to rely more on
the intentions and on the character of the Sove-
reign Pontiff, and on the choice of his Government,
than on written statutes. As far, however, as re-
gards the amnesty, we cannot help observing that the
French Government is still called on, on this point, to
address representations to the Court of Roma. We say
it with that respect which we always wish to observe,
but with a pain which we cannot dissemble, the pre-
tended amnesty has every appearance of being a derision.
The exception is much more general than the rule;
with the categories which are introduced into it, we do
not see what would remain exempt from exemptions,
every one is amnistied except—every one. France has,
by this expedition to Rome, accomplished a task more
than disinterested. We did not go to Rome to make
ourselves, purveyors for the tribunal; and the French
Government has the right to demand that it should not
be made an instrument of vengeance. Would it not be
allowed to appeal from the Pope of 1849 to the Pope of
1846 ? We would not wish for any other arbitrator."

Even the Assemblee National, speaking of the
amnesty, says—
" As to the amnesty, we could have wished that it had
been more extended, because questions of humasity are
intelligible to every one, and the heart is always compe-
tent to judge."
The Moniteur du Soir, the organ of the DUFAURE
and DE TOCQUEVILLE party, has the following in its
number of Friday evening :
" The mole proprio of the Pope, and the proclamation
of the Cardinals, are the object of the most varied ap-
preciations on the part of the press of Paris. There is
only one point on which the journals are nearly unani-
mous—the amnesty appears to them insufficient. In
fact, the exceptions are so numerous, that no one can
say to whom the amnesty can apply. In order
that an amnesty should preserve its merits and poli-
tical effect, it should be wide and general. The
exceptions ought to be rare, and guided by the inva-
riable rule of common right. The character of
generality which gives value to grand acts of Go-
vernment of this kind is absolutely wanting to the papal
amnesty. The exceptions are almost all political,
and revive misdemeanours which all Long fide am-
nesties ought to abolish. We are inclined to think that
the Pope has not published his final decision, and that
the sentiments of clemency which are in his heart will
soon be manifested in a wider or more complete manner.
As to the reforms and guarantees which the pontifical
edict concedes, we shill confine ourselves to a single ob-
servation. In the French point of view they are
evidently insufficient; but it is in the Roman point of
view, above all, that they should be regarded. It is ne-
cessary to know what impression the :nag proprio shall
have produced in the states of the Holy See. If we have
again to intervene in the way of counsel in the affairs of
Rome, our support certainly must not be wanting to the
enlightened and liberal portion cf the Roman population,
but it cannot suit us to demand for Rome more liberty
than Rome herself can desire. If, consequently, the
question is brought before the Assembly, as is to be
expected, the first and most important element of the
discussion will be precisely that information which is
wanting in the discussions of the press—viz., to know
how the intelligent and moderate men of Rome judge
the pontifical edict."

On this the National of Saturday thus comments :
We read in the Moniteur du Soir, which is supposed
to receive the inspirations of M. Dufaure, an article in
which we find the confirmation of all we said above as to
the probable attitude of the Ministry in presence of the
audacious programme of the Court at Gaeta. The
Ministry, without even picking up the pieces of the Pre-
sident's letter so insolently torn up by the holy conclave,
declares with little ceremony that it will feel satisfied for
the injury received: We expected it; it was necessary
that this sad affair of Rome should be complete; it was
necessary that this last sacrifice of honour and dignity
should crown this long series of acts so justly branded
by public opinion with reprobation. The acceptance of
the manifesto with resignarion terminates fitly what was
so worthily commenced. But, as the Ministry does not
feel very easy in its conscience, it is not altogether at
ease as to the results of the discussion which must take
place on the subject in the Assembly. And in order tocon-
j ure away this peril, which, however, dues not appear to
us very formidable, the following marvelous mode of
escape is imagined. The concessions made by the Pope
are insufficient, it is said, in a French point of view (you
see that no great importance is accr rded to the French
point of view); but they must be looked at in the Raman
Point of view. If the intelligent and moderate men of
Rome accept them, we ought not to show ourselves more
exacting than they. Such is the incredible reasoning of
the Ministry. It is at the moment when all the Journals
the reaction, when our diplomatists themselves are
J bilged to admit that no moderate party exists at Rome,
that the Government, not knowing what else to do, agaia
calls up this imaginary party. The organ of M. Du-.
taure insinuates, with somewhat too much naivete, that
all discussions of the Assembly ought to be adjourned
until the opiniot, ,_the moderate men of Rome be
r known. If, in ,'"e Assembly desires never to open
any discussion on- i'e last complications of the Roman

question, it ha 3 only to follow the interested counsel of
the Moniteur du Soir. 1",)r thrre is no prohebility !hat
the opiLi,,n (if a party, which is still to come into ex-
iitonee, c 73.11 be ever ebtained."
It was rumoured in Paris that the affairs of Rome
were all but settled, as the French Government had
determined to accept tin: mote proprio of the POPE,

and to withdraw their troops from Rome, cn the un-

derstanding that the POPE would, on re-entering his
capital, make the amnesty more extol, ire. It was
said that Rome would be garriFoned by the Spaniards.

On Saturday morning The intelligence of the noblo
refu-al of the SULTAN to give up the Hungarian re-
fugees, and of the imminent probability of an imme-
diate rupture between Russia and Austria and the
Porto, was received in Paris, and produced an
immense sensation. The accounts received from
Genoa on this subject fully confirm the accounts re-
ceived from Malta, and those accounts were all still
further corroborated by the intelligence received on
Sunday.
The Prase of Sunday, which is generally well in-
formed on all matters in which Russia is concerned,
declares, as certain, that General Auptcx, the French
Ambassador, has.demanded of his Government that a
French fleet shall be immediately sent to the Darda-
nelles. The Journal des Debats has the following,
under the date of Constantinople, September 17 :
" The audience of conge (leavetalting) of Prince Rad
zivil tock plae.l yesterday.
"An ultimatum was yesterday presented by the
Ministers of Russia anti Austria. They signified to the
Porte that relations would be brat' off on the evening
of the 17th, in case the Divan should persist in its reso-
lution of demanding from the Emperors of Russia and
Austria that the Porte should remain guardians of the
prisoners.
" The dispositions of the Divan do not appear to be
modified by this ultimatum, and, consequently, a rupture
of relations would seem imminent.
" The Ambassadors of France and England are using
all their efforts to maintain the Porte in these disio-
sitions."

The correspondence of the Constitutionnel, which may
be regarded as semi official, confirms all the previous
statements, and declares that on the 15th Prince
RADZIVIL had announced his intention of taking his
departure for Odessa on the next day, and M. TITOFF
had officially announced the rupture of all diplomatic
relations between Russia and the Porte. We are
rejoiced to learn from this letter that Sir STRATFORD
CANNING IS exerting himself actively in support of
the SULTAN. The correspondent of the Constitutionne/
says—
"M. Canning supports the Porte with the utmost
warmth. lie it is who has driven him to take this
energetic attitude. He is ardently seconded by General
Aupick. Yesterday M. Canning caused an account to
be made of the forces disposable at this moment in the
barracks of Constantinople and the neighbouring
camps."
The Reforme has the following on the Russian spy
system w hich has been for some time at work in
Western Europe :
" Russia is at this moment making unbeard•of efforts
amongst us to ensure the support of diplomacy and of
opinion; whole legions of spies and of agents are at this
moment at Vienna and Berlin, but especially in Paris.
They are of both sexes, and are to be found in all posi-
tions of life. They mingle in the committee of our
Assembly; they are at the Elyse 6; and are by the side of
journalists, even of the democratic party, into whose
meetings they have found footing. The Russian police
is more insinuating and better instructed than that of our
own M. earlier; it is well known that they have had
a hand in Bonapartist plots, and in the troubles which
preceded the days of June, and even those very days
since the submission of Hungary, this police is more than
ever active, and henceforward this be no secret to any
one."
The same system is extended to England. Among
the Members of both Houses of our Legislature,
among cur journalists, among Chartists and Re-
peelers, and more especially among the recent im-
portations of pries's and Jesuits, are to be found spies
of Russia. The followers of LOYALA, it will be recol-•
lected, found a refuge in Russia when they were ex-
pelled from every every other country. It was from
Russia that they sallied forth in 1815, since which
time they have spread themselves over Europe, but
have always maintained the most intimate relations
with the Empire of the AUTOCRAT The: effect of
this intelligence was severely felt in the Passage de
I'Opera yesterday. Fives were at one time done so low
as 87f. 90c., but the last price was 88f. 5c., being a
fall of 60c. on the closing quotations at the Bourse
on Saturday.
The Gazette des llospitaux says :—" The cholera
is not yet completely at an end, but it remains within
imits which permit us to hope for its speedy ex-
tinction. In the civil hospital on the 26th only nine
new cases were brought in, and on the 27th only six.
The number of deaths in the two days was only nine.
-xn me- Military hogpitals_onl three cases presented
themselves in these two days, two of which terminated
fatally. In private practice, the deaths on the 26th
were only eight, and on the 27th only seven."
M. GUSTAVE DE BEAUMONT set out on Saturday
on a special mission to Vienna. M. DE BEAUMONT
accepted this mission solely on the condition that no
attempt should be made to break up the Ministry as
at present constituted, for the purpose of bringing a
MOLE Ministry into power.
BUSINESS Das Its FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Sam. 29. _ _

Central of France (Orleans-and Vicrzon), 12 Dutch
Rhenish, I%—&uen and Havre, 10—Tours and Nantes,
1%.

SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 25th have arrived. They
contain no intelligence.

GERMAN Y

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

The garrison of Comorn, on the 21st, definitively
rejected the terms offered them, and declared their
determination to resist to the last. The terms were
the banishment of all the officers, and the confis-
cation of all the property of officers and soldiers.
The. Magyar nation are deeply discontented with the
conduct of Austria, and the least encouragement
would produce another outbreak of even a more for-
midable character than the last.
STRAUSS, the celebrated composer and leader, died
at Vienna, on the 24th, of scarlatina.
VIENNA, SEPT. 24.—The important intelligence
has just been received here that the Porte has defi-
nitively refused to deliver up the Hungarian re.
fugees. An article in the Borsenhalle, dated
Constantinople, September 12, not only confirms this
intelligence, but adds, that the PORTE has invoked
the intervention of England and France. KOSSUTH
arrived at Constantinople on the sth of September,
and continued his voyage by a Turkish Government
steamer. A report is in general circulation here
that the Porn has signified his intention of coming
to Vienna for the purpose of consulting with the
EMPEROR on the affairs of Rome. The Grand Duke
of TusCANY, who is now at Vienna, intends, it is said,
independenty of his conferences on the affairs of
Rome, to demand that the tranquillity of his states
may be secured by Austrian garrisons of a certain
number and for a given epoch. The new loan
goes on admirably; above 10,000,000 florins have
already been subscribed in the capital. The Go-
vernment journals give an official contradiction to the
report that the plague has broken out at Fiume and
Trieste.