The Sun.
London, England, 1849-06-08 00:00:00

" When we were thus in a position in which expla-
nation was necessary, we had but one of three courses
to adipt:—
" Either to oppose ourselves by arms to every species
of intervention, in which case we came to a rupture with
all Catholic Europe in the sole interest of the Roman
Republic, which we had not recognized;

" Or to allow the Three Potve-rs in c-oAlition to re es-
tabli'h, according to their inclination, and without limi-
tation, the authority of the Pupe;
" r, lastly, to exercise a direct and independent ac-
tion, by our own spontaneou3 movement.
" The Government of the Republic adopted this last
course.

" It seemed to us an easy thing to make the Romans
understand that, pressed as they were on every side,
their only chance of safety lay in us; that, if our pre-
sence brought about as one of its results the return of
Pius IX , the Sovereign, faithful to his own character,
would bring back with him reconciliation and liberty;
that, once at Rome, we guaranteed the integrity of the
territory, by depriving Austria of every pretext for en-
tering Romagna. We might even hope, that our
once raised without contest in the midst of Italy, would
have extended its protecting influence over the %%hole of
the Peninsuls, none of whose sorrows can be to us a mat-
ter of indifference.

" The expedition to Civita Venchia was then resolved
upon in concert with the National Assembly, which voted
the necessary credits. It had every chance of success;
all the advices received were unanimous in announcing
that at Rome, with the exdeption of a little knot of per-
sons, who had seized the authority for themselves, the
majority of the population awaited our arrival with
impatience. Common sense might have led one to ex-
pect that this was 8.), for the choice could scarcely be a
doubtful one between our intervention and that of the
other Powers.

" A train of unhappy circumstances led to a different
result; our expeditionary force, of slender amount in
point of numbers, for a serious resistance was not fore-
seen, disembarked at Civita Vecchia, and the Govern-
ment had received intelligence that, could it have arrived
at Rome the same day, the gstes of the city would have
been joyfully unclosed for its entrance. But whilst
General Oudinot was notifying his arrival to the Go-
vernment of Rome, Garibaldi was entering it at the head
of a band formed of refugees from all parts of Italy, and
even from the rest of Europe, and his presence, as may
be conceived, gave a sudden reinforcement to the party
who went for resistance.

" On the 30th of April 6,000 of our soldiers presented
themselves before the walls of Rome. They were re-
ceived by musketry; some few even, who had been drawn
into a trap, were made prisoners. This un!ooked-for
struggle, without making any change in the final aim of
our enterprise, has paralysed our beneficent intentions
and rendered abortive the efforts of our negotiators.
"In the north of Germany an insurrection had compro-
mised the independence of a State, one of the most
ancient and the most faithful of the allies of France.
Denmark saw the populations of Schleswig and Holstein
were against her, although they recognized at the same
time the authority of the Sovereig❑ actually reigning.
The Central Government of Germany deemed it its
duty to decree the incorporation of Schleswig with the
Confederation, because a great part of the people were of
German race.

" Th s measure has become the reason of a most de-
termined war. England has offered her mediation,
which has been accepted. France, Russia, and Sweden
have shown themselves disposed to support Denmark.
"Negotiations opened some months back established
the conclusion that Schleswig was to form, undtr the
authority of Denmark, a• separate State. But, when
the principle had been once admitted, they could not
come to an understanding upon the consequences which
should have been deduced from it, and hostilities re-
e.)mmenced. The efforts of the Powers I have named
tend at this moment to the conclusion of a new armis.
lice which will be the preliminary of a definitive ar•
rangement.

"The rest of Germany is agitated by grave pertur-
bations, The efforts made by the Assembly at Frank-
fort in favour of German unity have provok, d the re-
sistance of several of the federal states; and brought
about a conflict which, as it approaches our frontiers,
will necessitate on our part an anxious overlooking: The
Empire of Austria, engaged in a fearful contest with
Hungary, has thought itself authorized in calling in the
assistance of Russia. The intervention of this Power,
the march of its armies towards the west, could nat but
excite to a high degree the solicitude of the Government,
which has exchanged upon this subject several diplo-
matic notes.

" Thus there exist everywhere in Europe causes of
collision which we have sought to remove, preserving, at
the same time, our independence of action and proper
character.

" I❑ all these questions we have always been in agree-
ment with England, which has given us proofs of good-
will of which we should be sensible.

" Russia has recognised the Republic. The Govern-
ment has concluded postal treaties to facilitate interna-
tional communications with Spain and Belgium.
" In America the condition of Monte Video is sin-
gularly modified, as we learn from the advises of the
admiral who commands our naval force in those waters.
Our French population has migrated from one end of the
Plata to the other. This displacement of the population
must necesi-arily call for consideration.

" To conclude, gentlemen Representatives, if our nego-
tiations have not obtained the success which wo bad a
right to expect, believe that the only sentiment which
animates the Government of the Republic is that of the
honour and interest of France.
" RESUME.

" Such, Gentlenvn, is a surntnsry explsition of the
actual state of the affairs of the Republic. You see
that our anxieties are heavy, our difficulties great, and
that we have many important quetions to solve, do-
meitic as well as foreign. Strong, however, in your
support, and in that of the nation, I hope, nevertheless,
to be able to raise myself to the level of the task, by
following out a clear and precise course of action.
'• This course consists in boldly taking the initiative
in all the ameliorations and in all the reforms which may
contribute to the wed-being of all; and, on the other
hand, by repressing, by the severity of laws which have
become necessary, those attempts at disorder and
anarchy which prolong the public uneasiness. We will
not cradle the people in llusions and Utopias, which only
exalt the imagination to end in deception and misery.
Whenever I see an idea which contains the germ of
practical results I cause it to be studied, and, if it
be applicable, I will propose to you to apply it.
" The principal mission of a Republican Government,
above all, is to enlighten, and, by the manifestation of
truth, to dissipate the deceitful halo with which the per-
sonal interest of parties seeks to dazzle it. One unhappy
fact reveals itself in every page of history; it is this,
that the more the evils of a society are real and
patent in the eyes of men of sound judgment, the
deeper a blind minority plunges in the mysticism of
theories.

"In the commencement of the 17th century it was not
for the triumph of the insensate ideas of a few fanatics,
who took the Bible for the text and excuse of their fol•
lies, that the English peoplo struggled for forty years—
but for the supremacy of their religion.
" In the same way, it was not fur the ideas of Babccuf,
or any other chief of a sect, that society was turned
topsy-turvy after 'B9, but for the abolition of privileges,
for the division of property, for equality before the law,
and for the admission of all persons to employments.
" Well, then, again, in our own time, it is not for the
application of inapplicable theories, or imaginary advan-
tages, that the Revolution has accomplished itself, but
to gain a Government which, being the result of the will
of all, may have a better intelligence of the wants of the
people, and may guide the destinies of the country with-
out any dynastic bias.

" Otir duty is, then, to distinguish between the false
and true ideas which rise up out of a revolution; then,
when the distinction is made, one must place one's self
at the head of one class, and vigorously combat the
other. Truth will be found by appealing to the intelli-
gence of all—by rejecting nothing without having stu-
died it thoroughly—by adopting everything which shall
have been submitted to the examination of competent
men, and passed through the ordeal of discussion.
" After what I have just stated, two sorts of laws will
be presented for your approval; the first, to re-assure
society and repress excess; the second, to introduce
everywhere real ameliorations, amongst which I will
indicate the following:—
" A I,w upon the institutions of aids and insurances,
so as to insure to the laborious classes a refuge against
the consequences of the suspension of works, of in-
firmities, and of old age.
" A law up on the reform of the mortgage system;
there must be a new institution in aid of agriculture, by
bringing to it useful resources, and facilitating its loans;
this will be the prelude to the establishment of houses
of credit, such as those which exist in the different
nations of Europe.
" A law for the abolition of collecting in kind.
" A law for a subvention in favour of associations of
workmen and agricultural meetings.
" A law for the defence of the poor, which is not suf-
ficiently provided for in our legislation. Justice, which
is a debt of the State, and which consequently is gra-
tuitous, is encompassed with onerous formalities, which
render all access to it difficult for poor and ignorant
citizens. Their rights and their interests are not suffi-
ciently protected. Under the empire of our democratic
constitution this anomaly must disappear.
" Lastly, a law is in preparation, the object of which
is to ameliorate the half-pay of sub-officers and soldiers;
and to introduce into the law of recruitment for the army
modifications of which experience has demonstrated the
utility.

" Independently of these projects you will have to
occupy yourselves with the organic laws which the last
Assembly had not the time to work out, and which are
the necessary complement of the Constitution.
" What precedes, Gentlemen, is, I hope, sufficient to
show you that my intentions are in conformity with
your own. You wish, as I do, to work for the welfare of
this people which has elected us, for the glory and pros-
perity of our native country; and, like me, you think
that the best means of obtaining these ends are neither
violence nor cunning, but firmness and justice. France
confides herself to the patriotism of the members of the
Assembly; she hopes that truth, unveiled in the broad
daylight of the Tribune, will confound falsehood and
disarm error. On its side the Executive power will do
its duty.
"I invite under the flag of the Republic, and upon the
ground of the Constitution, all the men who are devoted
to the safety of the country. I count upon their assist.
toe° and their intelligence to enlighten me, upon my
conscience to guide me, and upon the protection of God
to enat le me to accomplish my mission."

The election for Yonne was on Wednesday con•
firmed by the Legislative Assembly by a tnajority of
168. During the same sitting M. ETIENNE was
elected a Commissioner of the Sinking Fund, in the
room of M. GOUDCHAUX, who has not been elected
to the Legislative Assembly.