The Sun.
London, England, 1831-09-06 00:00:00

" INSURRECTION IN RUSSIA.

" A terrible revolt has broken out in the Russian mili-
tary colonies. They speak of frightful massacres of
Generals and Officers. This event, intelligence of which
reached the Government last evening by a courier of the
Duke de Alontemart, may have a great influence upon the
fate of Poland."—Le Temps.
We have by this conveyance received the Berlin State
Gazette, of the 28th of August, which has not a word of
news from Warsaw. It seems by an article in the Aus-
trian Observer, dated Cracow, the 19th of August, that
on the 14th, the Polish Prince Radziwell was sent from
Warsaw to the bead-quarters of the Russian Count Paske-
witsch, and that it was when this mission was known on
the following day by the movement party in Poland, that
upon some suspicion of treason and betrayal the alleged ex-
cesses of the 15th and 16th were perpetrated.

EXPRESS FROM BRUSSELS.

(From the Times. )
PRUSSIAN PROVINCES ON THE RHINE.

COLOGNE, SEPT. 1 . —The French revolution in July last
year could not fail, and has not failed, to produce impor-
tant results in the provinces on the south border of the
Rhine, now belonging to Prussia, but which 20 years ago
formed a part of the French empire. The vigilance and
activity of the Prussian Government have hitherto pre-
vented almost all the exhibitions of popular sympathy in
what is called civil regeneration ; but even in these
provinces there is sufficient food for a political confla-
gration, and it wants but a fit occasion to burst into a
flame. The statesmen, however, who guide Prussia are
on the alert, and determined by their utmost efforts not
only to put down revolutions at home, but to pre-
vent all introduction from abroad of the principles
which produce them. Those most strenuous endeavours
have hitherto been in a great measure successful ; yet such
is the contagious influence of the politic cholera morhus of
the Parisian propaganda, that it is by many here considered
much easier to destroy the evil, and all the infected per-
sons in their homes, than to prevent the dissemination of it.
To understand these notions, it may he useful to explain
the spirit which actuates six great classes of the inhabitants
—viz., the Government, the army, the clergy, the men of
business, the police, and the working people, and to state
facts on which those opinions are founded.
The present Government of Prussia, with Frederick
William at the head,—a King who had as much experi-
ence as any of the legitimate monarchs of the vicissitudes
of revolution and war,---is at present more prudent than
daring in its proceedings. Fully sensible of the vulnera-
bility of all the frontiers, the Government has arranged
the most perfect organization throughout the country.
From the blue-and-white-striped posts and sentry-boxes
on the road side, to the highest offices in the State, care
is taken that every thing be in its place. Even the mem-
bers of the Royal Family are its most active agents, and to
be employed in a comparatively subordinate situation, the
duties of which he discharges with the most exact punc-
tuality, is thought no disgrace by any one of the Princes.
Capacity, talent, and mind, have their weight, even
more than high birth or secret influence. The conse-
quence is manifest ; the Prussian Government supports
itself from amidst a thousand difficulties and countless
dangers. Yet Frederick William is now declining in
years, and it may happen that more heated imaginations
shall even have power in the Council to disorganize all
those fine systems. It is hazardous to repeat unauthenti-
cated rumours respecting other individuals of the Royal
Family.

The Prussian army is, perhaps, at this moment the
finest in Europe. Artillery, cavalry, and infantry, are
exceedingly well-disciplined ; some say with too much
finical nicety on trivial points, but this attention to small
matters, proves only how much care is given to the more
serious subjects. It is the fashion in France to ridicule
the Prussian mode of discipline ; yet this is but a branch
of the organization which pervades all the ranks of the
State. Even in every village painted boards are stuck
up at the entrance, declaring the name of the place,
and to what regiment of the Landwehr, or national
militia, its inhabitants belong, and on what prin-
cipal court of justice its jurisdiction depends. I have
seen some Prussian soldiers go through a part of their
exercise, which at first appeared ridiculous, from the prim.
ness and precision of the automatons; yet this precision
must, in actual service, produce the most powerful effects.
The soldiers look healthful and orderly young men, and
their dress is graceful and easily kept clean. The officers,
too, are men of system, who have worked their way up-
wards, by study and attention to business, not as in other
armies, where money, favour, and incapacity take prece-
dence, to the disgrace and to the serious inconvenience of
their country. I heard an officer say, without however
repining at his lot, " I have been in the service six years,
and as yet, though I have proved my capacity, I am but a
simple second lieutenant." 44 And I," said another, "after
12 years, must wait much longer before I can become a
captain." The army is, of course, desirous of war, and not.
withstanding the coolness and the sagacity of the King and
his councils, the officers, who see that every thing is ready
for an immediate campaign, state that war may soon be ex-
pected, even within the short space of two months, but at
any rate in the course of next spring. The enemy with
which they expect to fight are the French, whom they de-
spise as undisciplined hordes of revolutionists, and whom
they accuse of eagerness to upset every country, in order
to intcodnce confusion for the sake of plundering the
wealthy and peaceable. Their opinion of the French army,
and particularly of that which came into Belgium, is, that
the artillery, as having many old and experienced officers in
the corps, is exceedingly effective. The infantry is com-
posed of raw youths who want several campaigns to make
them true soldiers, but the cavalry, however brave the men
may be, is very had : for, as a Prussian officer stated,
" they have come into this country to buy horses, and they
have paid dearly for those which we had refused." The
King has expressed his great satisfaction with the armies
in those provinces, on which he places great dependence.
The number of men of which they consist has been stated
to me to be 75,000, with 220 pieces of cannon, on the
line of frontiers eztending from Luxemburg to West-
P• belie In other parts of these provinces an equal number
is stationed ; and there can, within three days, be 400
more guns conveyed, if necessary, to the frontiers,
The strength of the army has lately been called to-
wards the Dutch and Belgian frontiers, and, as I have
been assured, the soldiers were under arms during
the period of the late Dutch campaign in Belgium. It is
the practice of the Government, in order to avoid exciting
suspicions, as weil as for the better supply of the troops,
to etation them in the viiiages removed from the great
roads. By this means a stranger passing through this
country would imagine that nothing warlike existed in it.
Another plan is, to have the troops of Silesia, Pomerania,
and Brandenburg, sent into these provinces, while the
troops raiz:24 near the Rhine are sent into the northern
districts. Every day fresh troops arrive from Prussia
here, as if the campaign wes about to begin. I have
(seen informed that the number of deserters from Juliers
alone into Holland lately amounted to Veoi3o men, who
were allowed to do en with impunity. The man who gave
this intelligence, on being asked why those desertions were
not prevented, shrugged his shoulders significantly. In
this city it is asserted that there are boats which, when
going down the river, and about three leagues distant,
daily take soldiers nn board, who are conveyed to the
frontiers of Holland with great secrecy. A Prussian
officer, on lazing asked if such a practice as desertion into
Holland took place, stated that the only deserters he
knew of were about one hundred mauvais sujets, who
had joined the Belgians ; as for the foreign troops in
the Dutch service, some time ago there were about 6000
gwiee, now there were at least 16,000. This story about
their being Swiss looked rather suspicious, but the gentle-
man who told me the fact, said he could not cross-examine
his informant. The Prussians who joined the Belgians
are called " mauvais sujets," those who go to Holland
" Rwiss." One of the reasons which a Prussian officer
quoted, as sufficient to induce them to go to war with the
French, was to efface the wrong done to Kings by Louis
Philip, whose throne could not subsist for another year,
for the revolutionists must be extermined, As for Leopold,
King of Belgium, whose throne has been saved by his
French allies, his rule would be but merely provisional—a
thing of a few months' duration. The sentiments of the
army relative to the Poles are remarkable also ; the officers
acknowledged the bravery of that people, but they tieing
rebels, and rebels to so good a Sovereign as Nicholas,
btehTai
that
u any
nydgoill,vrnnud.s:
ahlnotsw had i
entered
rtea
ptarhos
ef
ea„,R,
uPsnasori
ai
ojournalservice
si mustat atetleyd.,
ever,
y
for with her they expect no collision.
The clergy in these provinces partake very much of the
character of the Catholic clergy in other parts of Germany ;

they are remarkable for the most extensive toleration, and
do not meddle with politics, either from fear of interference
w;th the Government, or from considering their office to
be exclusively one of peace.
The commercial classes are not now as satisfied as for-
merly with the arrangements of the King, relative to the
navigation of the Rhine. Some time ago, the Government
declared three of the Prussian ports on this river to be free
as entrepots ; they were Cologne, Wesel, and another.
Many of the trading classes filled their stores with mer-
chandize, from expectation that purchasers would soon flock
to their marts, but unluckily for their speculations, the
Kings of Holland and Prussia formed a treaty with respect
to the free navigation of the river, and they now see vessels
pass up the Rhine with the same description of goods,
which they cannot dispose of. They are, consequently,
ready to quarrel with the King, and would, with a malicious
satisfaction, consent to join France, in the hope of gain.
This city is a most filthy collection of ruined buildings,
and its 60,000 inhabitants drag out their existence in
squalid misery. The Government seems aware of the fact,
for within a few days it has sent an order to eight shoe-
makers to have 150,000 short boots ready in three weeks.
The police is watchful in the extreme—in particular to
prevent the introduction of foreign Newspapers, and the
dissemination of French principles. The Belgian Journals
are prohibited at several of the post-offices, yet they and
the French Papers are allowed to pass by others. The
passports of foreigners are strictly examined before they
are allowed to journey into the country. It is said that a
French agent was seized and thrown into prison, from his
having given information on the state of their forces. '
The lower, and even a great portion of the middle
classes, are disposed to support a reunion with France.
This feeling particularly extends itself through the pro-
vinces to the eastward of this city, those to the westward
being still attached to Prussia. The causes of the affection
of the former for France are stated to be threefold :-Ist,
the recollection of what they gained by the first revolution,
which, having taken from the clergy and monastic corpo-
rations various districts of land, sold them at a cheap rate
to the present cultivators, who therefore hold their proper.
ties by a French tenure, and who would have no objection
to increase their wealth by a union with their ancient rulers;
2d, the dissatisfaction which is felt with the Prussian taxes
and military oppressions, particularly as now the peasantry
have a double quantity of soldiers quartered in the houses;
and 3d, the King of Prussia, by selling and exporting
wood, has enhanced the price of that article of necessity in
a very high degree. The French five codes form still the
laws by which justice is administered ; but it is stated at
the close of nine years, there is to be a fusion of these
codes and the Prussian laws together, in order that a pro-
per system may be established throughout all the Prussian
dominit ns. An old man near this city whom I asked if
the people wished to be again French, told me that there
were ten to one in favour of a junction with France. To
the King, his Government, and in particular to the admi-
nistration of justice, there appears to be no special objec-
6on, yet these Germans wish to become French again.
Among the great wants which this part of the country,
as well as by far the greater portion of Germany, desire
to have satisfied, is the freedom of the press. Now nothing
is allowed publication except it be written in favour of
absolution and the existing Government; and there are
multitudes of pamphlets of that nature to be found at all
the booksellers, in which it is proved, or at least attempted
to be proved, that Prussia and her present system form
the happiest nation in Europe. Foreign books or pamph-
lets of a contrary tendency are, on importation by a book-
vender, subjected to an examination at the shop, and if
any thing offensive to the Government be discovered, the
book is seized by the police. This prohibition is of course
eluded, to the great amusement of the lovers of intrigue
and secret agency. I have been amused with a paper pnb-
lished in this city, which is an imitatio❑ of the Parisian
journal called Figaro, in which every sort of witticism is
fired off against the French Government, the Ministry,
and the Chambers. The Cologne paper is called the
Verkundiger am Rhein, and most maliciously uses all the
pointed articles of the Figaro as weapons against France
and Frenchmen. The Belgians, too, are sharply ridiculed
in it. I enclose a paper in which the runaways of Belgium
are exposed to the laughter of all Germany. The freedom
of the press, even on one side is great licence to the
Prussians, and in a few years will contribute more to de-
stroy the existing system of absolutism than even the arms
of France. If the Germans be allowed full freedom of
the press, a revolution would soon be created all over
Germany. It is expected that a moderate system of free-
dom will speedily be allowed in Baden and Bavaria.
The Prussian Government has taken special care that
the pure dialect of the German language as spoken in
the northern provinces should be studied here. Gratui-
tous schools for that object have been established in all the
villages, and every aspirant for any place whatever under
the Government is obliged to prove his knowledge thereof
prior to his obtaining any favour. This serves as a pro-
hibition against the use of the patois German formerly
spoken in these provinces ; as also against the use of the
French language.
Among the improvements contemplated by the Go-
vernment must be mentioned a new system of municipal
laws. It appears that, actuated by the apprehensions
created by the late French revolution, the King of Prussia
gave a licence for the assembling at Dusseldot ff of the dials
gener•aux of the Rhenish provinces. The Deputies were
elected by a very numerous constituency, and by the
King's desire the acceptation was proposed to them of the
municipal system adopted in Prussia. The Deputies re-
fused it on the ground that it was contrary to their Con-
stitution, and afterwards proceeded to form one, which,
after 15 days' discussion, was agreed to and presented to
the King for his sanction. This occurred four months
since, but his Majesty has not yet given his reply.
The garrison of this city, consisting of 7,000 infantry,
and 2,000 cavalry, is under the command of General Jacobs.
The Governor-General of the Rhenish provinces, the brother
of the King, Prince Wilhelm and his son, reside here.
The number of cannon, as well on the ramparts of this
city as in readiness for immediate departure from it, is
stated to amount to near 400.

Two facts of an interesting nature are currently believed
tc-day—l st. The capitulation of Warsaw, and the appoint-
ment of Prince Radziwill as Governor of Poland ; and 2d,
the breaking out of the cholera in a Prussian regiment on
the confines of Poland. Two officers have died of this
terrible malady.
APELLE, SEPT. 2.—There is no wish in this
city for a union with France, since it is thought that such
a union would prove injurious to the manufactures esta-
blished here. It has been supposed that the popular com-
motions which took place here last October hail some such
object in view; but some of the inhabitants have assured
me that the mob contemplated nothing on that occasion but
the chances of plunder, and that then the disturbances were
quelled by the citizens alone, without the aid of any mili-

tary force.
Rumour speaks with certainty of an order which last
week arrived for the calling out the landwelir in this neigh-
bourhood, and the formation of a camp of reserve of the
young soldiers now called into service by the Prussian
system near Elberfeld. There are numerous bodies between
this city and Cleves, which are stated to amount to 30,000
men, of which eight regiments of Cuirassiers are stationed
to the westward of Juliers. The General commanding this
district is called Tillet. The number of cannon in the army
on the Dutch frontiers is stated to be GO ; the cavalry is
10,000 strong, and all ready for action.
A review took place on Thursday of four batteries of
artillery and a considerable quantity of ammunition-wag-
gons on the Ilependorff-heath, about four miles from Berg-
hem, near the road from this city to Cologm. Prince
Augustus, the cousin of the King, Inspector. General of the
Artillery, who had returned from visiting the fortified city

. -
of Luxemburg, reviewed the manteuvre;with great scru-
tiny. A gentleman who was present described the appear-
ance cf this Prince as highly military, without gorgeous-
ness or parade. There were present several Dutch officers
belonging to the staff of the Dutch army, who, after the
review, dined with the Prussian Prince and his staff and
several of the Magistrates of the district.
The utmost good-will appears to subsist between the
Dutch and Prussian armies, and on several occasions Dutch
soldiers are seen to pass through the country.
BAusscr.s, SEPT. 4.—The Belgian Government having
at length discovered the utility of accepting the protocol,
relati•ie to the armistice of six weeks with Holland, it is
hoped that the negociations now commenced in London
will, by the endeavours of the conference, be brought to
an issue favourable to the continuance of peace. Yet there
is much difficulty to be overcome as well on the part of
Holland as of Belgium. The Dutch Monarch is at this
moment not only increasing his forces, but he is silently
and secretly cementing a union with Prussia, in order to
he enabled to demand, if not to command, the most
_ . .

favourable terms with the Belgians; while the Belgian
Government, conscious of its weakness, is labouring, by
the most flattering promises, to induce France to support
their interests by placing a large army within their beck.
The British Government, aware of the cajollery and of the
trickery practised, as well on the one side as on the other,
has, in unison with the conference, required that those
foreign influences derivable front the presence of armies
should not be considered ; but the obstinacy of the King
of Holland is now as insurmountable as at any former pe-
riod ; and the Belgians are, as it is said, now making
offers to France, which cannot be considered in any light
other than decidedly adverse to British interests.
The French Government acts in this affair with the

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