The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-09 00:00:00

proceeded to carry out their views in a culpable manner,
and, although success would have prevented an exami-
nation, the contrary allows no justification of the means.
The moment the bankrupts signed that deed their inde-
pendence as merchants was gone. They are chargeable
with another breach of commercial duty in treating the
property and debts so assigned as their own, in con-
tinuous accounts—treating it, in fact, as if no such
assignment had been made. The Bank of England
was ignorant of this assignment ; the circum-
stance came upon them by surprise. The intention of
Messrs. Cruickshank. and Co. in making it may have
been good; this may in some measure extenuate though
it cannot be an excuse to justify their deviation from
the plain and obvious rules of duty. In business in their
own name, apparently as free agents for their own
account, and although as between themselves it might
be understood that no new engagements were to be
entered into, still in all contracts concerning negotiable
paper, as well as in all other business transactions, any
one of the partners had the full power to bind the firm.
The partners, by their proceedings, reciprocally gave to
each other the power of acting one for the other in the
partnership business, in the same manner as if no
assignment had been made to Messrs. Trueman and
Cook. Each of the parties was the cause of confidence
or credit being reposed in the firir, in any matter in
which the partnership was concerned. During that
period it appears that Mr. Street, in August, 1847,
without consulting his partners, took the bill for
7,8001., which was drawn by him in the name of
the firm, Cruickshank, Melvin; and Street, and
accepted by Trueman and Cook, to the Bank of England
for discount. The bill was discounted, and the amount
was handed over to Trueman and Cook for the purposes
of the assignment. With respect to the discount of that
bill, the bankrupts say that Mr. Street, being aware how
very generally it was known in the City that the firm of
Cruickshank, Melville, and Co. had been for nearly two
years in difficulties, and during that time been supported
and Cook,
k, he considered
in reliancesideredtbat on
bbyillwleass..srdsiscT anoruunetmedby the Bank
the names of Trueman and Cook, whose credit stood
very high, as is evidenced by the fact that, at the
time of their suspension, the Bank held their
acceptances to the amount of 60,000/. Judging
loreclainnnaeryt
ennlrueletos pn ltihcearb leen n
lt
however, of the discount of that bill by the
hos
nsuch
thattr a n s atchtei odnts..
anya
rectors of the Bank were in reality deceived, and that
the deception was as real, if not as palpable, as if the
bankrupts had made a direct false representation of the
state of their affairs. There is another circumstance
affecting Mr. Melville and Mr. Street. I allude to the
arrangement in July, 1846, for a new partnership with
the son of Mr. Oddy, with the obligations of the old firm
still upon them, and the more questionable fact of the
assignment hanging over them. Actions which are ad-
judged criminal in a small trader cannot be admittedlin
any conjuncture of circumstances to be less so in a mer-
chant. The same sort of action must be generally per-
mitted or forbidden. So, in judging of any commercial
delinquency, we must look to the general consequences,
rather than to the particular ones; and these must be es-
timated by asking what would be the mischiefs produced
by the general toleration of actions of the same sort.
Applying this question to the proceedings in connexion
with Trueman and Cook, and to the discount transaction
with the Bank of England, to mercantile men, the
answer must be obvious. After duly weighing all the
circumstances of the case, the Court feels bound to ad-
judge that the certificate of Mr. Street be suspended for
twelve months, and those of Mr. Cruickshank and Mr.
Melville respectively for six months from the date of the
hearing of their application.

ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE.
OXFORD ClRCUlT.—Monmouth, Aug. 7.
The business was brought to a close last night at
half-past eight. This day the commission is to be
opined at Gloucester, and to-morrow business begins at
ten o'clock, contrary to an ancient custom, according to
which the Judges attended Divine service at the cathe-
dral on the morning after the commission day, and went
into court at twelve o'clock.

NORTH WALES ClRCUlT.—Chester, Aug. 7.
(Before Mr. Justice MAIILE

THE BIRKENHEAD, LANCASHIRE, AND CHESTER• JUNE,

TION RAILWAY COMPANY V. PILCIIER.

This was an action for calls upon 130 shares held by
the defendant; the defence to which was that the defen •
dant was a minor, and therefore not liable on his con•
tract.

Mr. Townsend and Mr. Welsby were for the plaintiffs,
and Mr. Brandt appeared for the defendant.
The plaintiffs proved their case by putting in the
minute-book of the company, signed by the chairman,
and containing an entry of the call; also a notice to the
defendant by letter, that he must pay the instal-
ments. The defendant put in a transfer cer-
tificate of the registry of the shares in the defendant's
name, which proved no more than the mere fact of re-
gistry, and he was unable to show, under the notices
given to the other side to produce books and docu-
ments, that at the time when the calls were made he was a
minor. The father of the defendant swore that the de-
fendant was born on April 7, 1827, consequently that
he was not of age till April 7, 1848. The secretary of
the company acknowledged that the certificate of transfer
put in by defendant was in his handwriting, and that it
showed that defendant was holder of shares on March 7,
1848.

The Learned JUDGE directed the jury to find a ver-
dict for the plaintiff* for 3101. 14s. 6d., the amount of the
calls, with leave to move the superior Court to enter the
♦erdict fcr the defendant if the Court should be of opi-
nion that the defendant had sufficiently proved his case
by the production of the certificate of registry, and
that the contract took place at the time of the transfer
and registration, and not at the time of the making of
the calls.

THE SUN,
_LONDON, THURSDAY EVEIIetTIN'G, AUGUST 0, 1040,

ANGLO-ITALIAN RAILWAY.
(THIS DAY.)
The general meeting of the shareholders of this
company, which was postponed from the 17th of
July last, took place to-day at the London 'Cavern.
Wm. JACKSON, Esq., the chairman of the company,
rook the chair shortly after twelve o'clock, and in
doing so sta`el that he had been in hopes that at the
present meeting the directors would have been enabled
to state to the shareholders that they had received the
guarantee from the Tuscan Government. He was
sorry to say they were not in a condition to make
that gratifying announcement, but he would state
that he had that morning received a letter from their
resident director in Itay, stating that he hoped
speedily to obtain that guarantee. The Registrar of
Railways had called upon the company to execute a
deed of settlement. Now this he had a strong
objection to, and there was only one way to get
over that difficulty, which was to convert
the Anglo Italian Railway into Maria Antonia rail-
way stock, by which means the Anglo-Italian Rail-
way Company would merge into the Maria Antonia
Railway Co:npany, and thus put an end to the neces-
sity for any deed of settlement. The directors were
prepared to submit certain resolutions to the meeting
on that subject, and also for the purpose of protecting
their property from their creditors in Italy. He
was happy to say that during the conflicts that had
taken place in that country their property had been
respected ; and, from the accounts that had been re-
ceived up to the present month,i the traffic on the
short portian of, the line opened had considerably
increased:

The following is the report of the directors
"In the last report of the directors they alluded to
the unexpected and almost overwhelmniug difficulties
with which they had had to contend in the administra-
tion of the affairs of the company. These difficulties, so
far as they arose from the pressure on the money
markets throughout Europe, have been since materially
diminished; but in Italy they have unfortunately been
; succeeded by othi•rs, caused by political disturbances.
I The revolution in Tuscany has not only checked, to a
serious extent, the traffic of the company's railway, but
has:compelled the directors to delay giving effect to the
resolution adopted at the last meeting as to the expedi-
ency of completing, as soon as possible, the line to Pistoja,
and obtaining from the Tuscan Government a guarantee of
4 per cent. on the capital of the company. The Grand Duke,
previously to quitting his dominions, had consented to this
guarantee, and a law was prepared and presented, as a Go-
vernment measure, to the Legislative Assembly, which, it
was fully expected, would have passed it; but in conse-
quence of the revolution which then took place the fur-
therprosecution of the measure was inevitably suspended.
Since the restoration of the government of the Grand
Duke the Count de St. George has renewed his exer-
tions to obtain this guarantee, with expectations of
success.

" The shareholders are aware that the first division of
the Maria Antonia Railway, from Florence to Prato,
about eleven English miles, was opened on the 31 Feb.,
1848. Notwithstanding the stagnation in business in
every branch, and the interruption to the usual visits of
foreigners to Italy, occasioned by the state of public
affairs, the number of passengers during the first year,
ending 2d February, 1849, has been 415,016, averaging
37,728 per mile; a number, it is believed, far exceeding
that on any other railway of the same length,
and between two cities of similar population ;
and although, in conseqnence of the majority
of the passengers having been of the third
class, and the present low fares of this class, the returns
have not been commensurate with this extraordinary
movement, the directors cannot but consider it as afford-
ing a satisfactory indication of the capability of the line,
when more favourable circumstances shall allow of its
lull development.

!Tuscan livres.
The gross Receipts
have been
The working expenses
are estimated at 169,036 16 4 5,634 11 7
Leaving the. nett Re-
ceipts

74,973
.10 . 4 2,499 2 0

" The above nett receipts are liable to a claim of the
directors in Italy for salaries, to be fixed at a general
meeting, in conformity with the statutes of the com-
pany. The claim is calculated at 4 per cent. on the nett
receipts, or about 1001. sterling. The working expenses
are stated as an estimate, for the railway not having been
completed when the line was opened, it was not easy, at
first, to keep an exact distinct account of some of the
items, particularly labour, as applicable respectively to
construction and working. It is also impossible, on the
opening of the line, to find persons sufficiently expe-
rienced to allow of a reduction to the lowest number
consistent with safety. Considerable alterations and
reductions have, however, been lately made, and the
estimate has been framed accordingly. On the eleven
miles now opened, the trains stopped during four months
at six stations. One has since been discontinued; and
as it is intended to have only one intermediate station
on the second division of eleven miles from Prato to
Pistoja, the expenditure on the whole line, when in ope-
ration, will be, in proportion to the mileage, much di-
minished.

" A new tariff; with a redaction in the second class,
and an increase in the third•class fares, has been re-
solved on, to commence on the Ist instant, which is ex-
pected to add considerably to the revenue.
" The receipts from goods have been hitherto very
trifling, and having arisen more from extra weight of
passengers luggage than from merchandise, they have
been included in the passengers' fares. The goods
expected to come ou the line are chiefly from Bologna,
and the country round Pistoja, Peseta, and Lucca, where
' there are paper, iron, and other manufactories; and the
benefits of this traffic cannot therefore be realised till the
line is opened to Pistoja.
" The importance of making the remaining eleven
miles of the line from Prato to Pistoja, and the advan-
tages likely to result from its completion, were fully
pointed out in the last report, and are too obvious to re-
quire further comment; but the directors deem it better
to defer proposing any plan for raising funds for this
purpose until it is known whether the guarantee of four
per cent. will be granted by the Tuscan Government, a
point which must be very shortly ascertained.
" The issuing of debentures for the purpose of pro-
ceeding with the second division of the line has hitherto
been impracticable, in consequence of the want of con-
fidence arising from the political state of Italy; and de-
bentures have only been used to the extent of 5,3501.,
given in discharge of some of the former liabilities of
the company. No progress has yet been made with the
second division of the line beyond the requiste surveys
and levelling. _

" Of the line from Pisa to Pistoja, which will when
completed prove a considerable feeder to the Maria An-
tonia Railway, four additional miles from Altopascio to
Pescia were opened on the 26th December last. With
the remaining fourteen miles from Pescia to Pistoja,
which it is expected that the Government will finish,
little or no progress has been made for some time, in
consequence of the late revolution, but the Government
will now, it is fully expected, proceed with the works.
Interest on the capital at the rate of 4 per cent. has been
guaranteed by the Government, and it is clearly their
interest to complete the line. Negotiations are in pro-
gress for the working of the line by the Maria AntoLia
Company, which will be an additional source of profit,
their rolling stock being ample for the purpose.
" Mr. B. H. Babbage, who has been resident engineer
of the railway since its commencement, has lately re-
turned to England, and has presented a report, of which
a copy is annexed, and by which it will be seen that his
estimate of the sum requisite to complete the second di-
vision—of the company's line from Prato to Pistoja is
2,603,267 Tuscan livres, making at 30 livres per pound
sterling ... ••• •• ••• £86,776
which, added to the amount already expended,
and chargeable to the Second Division

... 49,584

makes the total chargeable to the Second
Dtvision ••• ••• £136,360
and the expenditure on the First Division hav-
ing been ...
... 177,129

the total cost of the 22 miles would be ... £313,489
which sum exceeds the amount formerly estimated; but
as the forfeitures for non-payment of calls also greatly
exceed what was expected, the actual cost to those
shareholders whose interest in the undertaking continues,
will be still within the original estimate of 8,000,000
Tuscan livres, or 266,0001. sterling, the sum on which
the interest of 4 per cent., if guaranteed by the Govern-
ment, will be payable on the completion of the line to
Pis toj a.
" Of the amount expended, as above stated,
here are still liabilities in Italy, which have
been some time due, amounting, as appears by
the statement of the account of the Maria An-
tonia Company, appended to the report, to , 25,000
and debentures due in 1854 ...
... 5,350

against which there are houses and land to be £30,350
sold, of the estimated value of ... ~. 4,650

making the balance of liabilities ... ... 25,700
and if future calls are paid on 200 Maria An-
tonia shares held in Italy, the amount to be
provided by the Anglo-Italian Company will
be further reduced by

... 4,400

making the nett amount to be provided ... £21,300
" The liabilities wore stated in the last report at about
34,0001_ and it was calculated that the call then made
of IL per share would have more than provided for thorn;
but in this expectation the directors have been disappointed;
the compensations for land having, in many instances,
exceeded the estimated value, and several additional but
unavoidable outlays and expenses having been incurred;
while, on the other hand, the call was paid on a far less
number of shares than was expected. The number of
shares on which 31. per share had been paid was then
44,907, and the number on which 41. had been paid.
35,671; and some of the holders of the former having
expressed a wish to be allowed to pay the call in
arrear, it was stated that they might do so on
or before the 7th August last, but the said call was paid
on only ... ••• ••• 4,292 shares
in addition to, as above ... ••• ..• 35,671

making the total number with 4/. paid... 4963
which, deducted from . 1,
°• ••• ••• 44,907 ,f

left deficient ... ..• ... 4,944 „
These 4,944 shares were declared forfeited by an adver-
tisement dated 10th August, 1848. The next call of 11.
per share (making a total of 54 per share), instead of
having been paid
39,963 shares
has as yet been paid on only 30,066 „

pectation that the guarantee of 4 par cent, would be cln-
ceded by the Tuscan Government, and the company be
then placed in a better p:)6ition to discharge them ; but
the delay in the settlement of this measure has lately caused
the cieditors to be very urgent in their demands, and,
unless inimediltely satislie;, they threaten to inalit‘ the
Maria Antonia Coaspa bankrupt ; the E ff.:et of which
would ba rainou,. It would have been far en re gratify-
ing to the directors to have abstained from making
any further calls on the shareholders till the guarant,e
could be obtained ; but it is indispensible that the debts
should ba. provided for ; and looking at the uncertainty
of being able, at present, to dispose of the surplus land
and houses, and further payments by the Tuscan share-
holders, if made, being only receivable at distant in-
tervals, the directors consider that a call of 11. per share
on tha shares in the Anitlo-Italian Company will not be
more than adequate effectively to meet all demands, and
they have no alternative but to make the said call ac-
cordingly.

" This company has been hitherto only provisionally
registered, it having boon the opinion of their solicitor,
that the operations being abroad, no further registration
or deed of settlement were necessary, and the shares of
the company are at present only scrip certificates; but
from a letter lately received by the directors from the
Registrar of Joint Stock Companies, and an interview
whic'a the solicitor has had with him, it appears, accord-
ing to an opinion recently given by the Attorney and
Solcitor-General, that this company, and all o here
similarly situated, must be fully registered, arid h ire a
deed of settlement. A deed will be prepared acc,,rdiagly,
and, when ready, due notise will be given to the share-
holders, who will be required to sign it on paying the
call now made, delivering, at the same time, the scrip
certificates which they hold, to be cancelled. The only
liability to which the shareholders will subject them.
selves by signing the deed will be for the remaining
4d. per share. Estimating that this remaini❑g
call will produce 20,0001., a further capital of about
58,0001. will be requisite, agreeably to Mr. Babbage's
statement, to complete the line to Pistoja; and if the
guarantee of '4 per cent, be obtained, the directors ex-
pect that it may be raised by loan or debentures, or a
sale of the forfeited shares.

" With regard to the statement of the accounts of this
company, which is also appended to the report, the
directors have to mention, that there not having been
any auditors appointed, they deemed it more satisfactory
that the accounts should be examined by a professional
accountant, and they have accordingly employed Messrs.
Quilter, Ball, Jay, and Crosbie, for this purpose, a copy
of whose statement is annexed.
"Interest at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum has
been paid to the shareholders to the 2d February, 1848;
since that day it has been suspended, from the want of
funds. The net revenue of the railway for the year
ending 2d February, 1849, would afford but a trifling
dividend, and having been expended on the works, any
further payment of interest, before the line becomes re-
munerative, could only be effected by additional calls,
which, it is presumed, the shareholders would hardly de-
sire, and, constituted as the company will be in future,
the directors aro advised that payments of interest out
of capital would be illegal.
" The forfeited shares 'nave peen already alluded to,
and are particularised in the account. Some of the
holders who had paid from 41. to 41. 15s. per share, but
did not pay the further call, or instalments, when due,
have since requested to be allowed to do so. It will be
for this meeting to decide if these, and other forfeited
shares, the holders of which shall pay the arrears within
a short period, shall be reinstated."

. •
After a long and rather stormy discussion, in
which several attempts were made by two or three
shareholders to adjourn the meeting for a month or
a fortnight, and which attempts were strongly op-
posed by the Chairman, on the ground that it woukl
have the effect of ruining their property, the follow-
ing resolutions were then agreed to :
" That the report of the directors now read be ap-
proved and adopted, and printed and circulated among
the proprietors.
" That the directors be authorised to mike the earliest
arrangement in their power for converting the Anglo-
Italian Railway share capital, when paid up, in an
equivalent amount of Maria Antonia Railway stock, and
to form and adopt such plans as they think proper for
applying the balances which may be in their hands of the
latter stock towards completing the line to Pistoja.
" That the directors be requested to pursue all proper
measures fur obtaining a guaranteed minimum ra.e of
interest on the Maria Antonia Company's capital as the
condition of the company proceeding to complete the
extension from Prato to Fistoja, and that the directors
do take all such measures as they shall deem advisable,
and for the interest of the proprietary, to finish the
extension.

" That tho directors be requested to urge the Maria
Antonia Company to make arrangements with the Tus-
can Government for the completion of the ling between
Pistoja and Pescia, and for the Maria Antonia Com-
pany working the entire line from Florence to Lucca,
and to Pisa when finished.

• •
goods permitted by the Customs' tariff which shall ki.)
seat from Odessa, into the interior of the kingdom,
there shall be a drawback upon goods which, precious •
to the 27 h or August, 1849, shall have already paid the
additional duty to the Custom-house at Odessa, as well
as for those goods which s.hall pass through the Custom-
house hftEr he said periud, according to Article 1 of
this ukase. Tte directing Senate is charged with carrying
out three measures."—D3t.d. ,June 25.

" That the travelling expenses of the directors
already incurred, and to be incurred for the purposes of
the company, be paid out of the funds thereof.
"That this meeting do approve of the directors mak-
ing a call of ss. per share, payable on the 15th of Sep-
tember next, and a further call of ss. per share, payable
on the 15th of October.

TATTERSALL'S—THIS EVENING.
Sia o'CLocs.
Noth'ng going.

" That all shares on which from 41. to 41. 15s. per
share has been paid, but which have been forfeited in
consequence of the non- payment of the remaining calls or
instalment when due be reinstated, provided the remain-
ing calls or instalments, making a total payment of 51.
per share, with interest, at the rate of five per cent., to-
gether with a call of lOs now made be paid on or before
the 16th inst., and that all shares on which the calls or
instalments are not paid on or before that day be declared
absolutely forfeital."

After the passing of these resolutions, and a vote
of thanks to the Chairman and directors, the meeting
broke up.

TRANSFER OF JLIC eNCES.
HOLBORN.
(Present—JAMES WHISKIN, Esq., Chairman; THOMAS
RUSSELL, Esq.; HENRY PowNALL, Esq.; aid R. E.
AnDLN, E-q
ST. GEORGE THE MARTYR.—The Angel and Crown,
Gloueebter-strett,James Winkworth to Charles Thomas
Upcott.

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.—The Archer, Newton-
street, Wary Dennis Pink to James Hall. Cross K
Erlell-street, Thomai Sutton Briggs to WilliamtHe iry
Whiting Com..n. Grapes Duke street, Frederick New-
houie to Henry Moss. Fountain, King-street, Nicho!as
O'Brien to Harriet O'Brien. Royal Otk, Great Earl-
street, Eliz tnoth Garden ,to Thomas Davies. Spr,ad
igle, Broad-street,' Richard Warner Wood to John
Dove G nye.. Yorkhire Grey, Great White Lion-street,
Andrew Hare to Michael Grier.

ST. GEORGE, BLoomsnuaY.----Bedford Arms, Char-
lotte-street, Thomas Wilks to William Camp. Turk's
Head, King street, Thomas Palmer to Edwin Power.
Yorkshire Grey, Hart•street, Alexander Cock King to
Alexander Young.
DUCHY LIBERTY.—AngeI and Sun, Strand, Joseph
Maycoek to James Moorman.

HAMPSTEAD.-White Horse, Hampstead, Jo Nett
Eastburn to Jonathan Green.

SP. MARGARET AND ST. JOHN, WEST-
MINSTER.
(Present—TuomAs AinuoT, E.q., Chairman, and NI.

THANIEL GOULD, Esq.)
Castle, Chapel. street, Ed.% ard Wot diey to John Cook.
Plough, Rochester-row, to Elizabeth Cropp, widow and
executrix of Thomas Cropp, the late occupier. King's
Arms, Strutton-ground, Henry Robert Abraham to Elias
Glover. Three Johns, Carteret-street, to Frances Wil-
liams, the late occupier, Trevor Arms, Trevor-terrace,
Knightsbridge, James Law to John Woods Cave.
ST. PANCRAS.
(Present--Taos. RUSSELL, Esq., Chairman, and
NATHANIEL GOULD, Esq.)
Marquis of Camden, College-street North, Camden
Town, Frances Elizabeth France to William Grimsdell.
Oxford Arms, Seymour. place, Camden Town, Maria
Sugden (late Maria Bridge) to Benjamin James Sugden,
her husband. Southampton Arms, Tottenham-court-
road, Richard Whiting to Wm. Wheeler. Roebuck,
Tottenham-court-road, Wm. Hallifax to George Young.
Railway Tavern, Hampstead-road, Samuel Tipping to
Samuel Pulham. Bricklayers' Arms, Grease-street,
Rathbone-place, to Henry Freeman and Joseph Salmon,
executors of Edward Freeman, the late occupier.
Builders' Arms, Compton-street East, Henry Mathews
to William Byrn. Hare and Hounds, Chalk Farm,
Thomas Thornton to Edward Cole Price. Northum-
berland Arms, Tottenham-court-road, to Jane Mary
Loader, widow and executrix of Thomas Loader, the
late occupier.

..,OURT OF INLAND liEVENUE.—Yesterday severs!
spirit retailers were fined under the recent Act 11 and
12 Vic. cap 121, and sec. 12 and 16, for neglecting to
enter• in their stock-books an account of spirits received,
and for not cancelling the permits or certificates received
with the spirits. Henry Sampson, keeper of the Saloon,
Bow-street, Covent•garden, was charged with retailing
spirituous liquors, having no licence. After hearing the
case, Mr. Commissioner Hart Davis gave judgment
against the defendant in the penalty of 201.
IMPORTATION or GUANO.—A vessel, named the
Bee h )ven, belonging to Bremen, has arrived in the
decks from South America, with a cargo of guano, which
is entered to be warehoused for exportation only, being
inadmi3sible for home use under the navigation-laws
at present in force. This is the first instar ca which has
come under our notice of the existing laws of naviga-
tion being the cause of a cargo of this article being
obliged to be re-exported from this country.
FOIL 110 W LONG HAS THE QUEEN GONE TO IRE'
LAND?—We hasten to contradict an absurd rumour,
that it is the intention of our Most Gracious Sore'
reign to reside permanently in the Sister Island. This
ridiculous report has originated from the prevalent im-
pression that her Majesty has gone to Ireland for good.
—Punch.
STATE OF TRADE IN GALASHIELS—We have great
pleasure in stating that our present condition and fu-
ture prospects are both good. All hands are employed,
and orders, we believe, are numerous Kelso Chro-
nicle.

TILE Mooas.—Recent reports from the hills as to
the prospects of sportsmen, though not so favourable es
they were represented in the early part of last month,
are on the whole more cheering than for, soma years
past. In the crack districts of Aberdeen and Banff
shires, the birds are said to be plentiful and strong. The
covies are not so numerous as expected,
many birds
having proved barren this year, but it is nothing uncom-
mon to startle eight or ter. birds, which is fully an ave-
rage. On the Deeside moors there is an excellent pro-
spect—partridges everywhere well-grown and strong, ani
promises better sport than for several bygone seasons
—Aberdeen Journal.

FRANCE.

The Republique hu the following on M. de Fa:
loux' defence of the Roman expedition :

" The Minister of Public Instruction, who had so
great a share in this fatal expedition, was bound to
cover with his body his unfertunate colleagues--",e did
so with resignation. He did not attempt to reply to his
terrible adversary, for that would have been impossible.
He divided his reply into three. parts—the abuse, the
arguments, and the political matter. The abuse did not
fall from a person high enough placed to disquiet him;
to move M. de Falloux a man would be required of the
elevation of M. Thiers; But M. J. Favre, in his opinion,
is only a petty lawyer who changes his brief. As to
the arguments, it is useless to reply to them, the country
had done so in re-electing M. de Falloux and that in-
comparable majority. 0 happy Loyoli! what an ad-
vantage to have been brought up in your principles to
find so convenient a manner of escaping from an em-
barrassing reply! As to the political matter, M. de
Falloux had plenty of elbow-room, and availed himiell
Of it to fly before a too formidable adversary. In place
of answering to accumulated quotations brought forward
by M. J. Favre, from dispatches, ministerial speeches, and
proclamations of the general-in-chief, M. do Falloux en-
tered into a long eulogium on the Papal power, as the pa-
ragon of human institutions. Little did he care fur the
state of siege, the suspension of the liberty of the
press, the interdiction to circulate in the streets after
eight o'clock, the imprisonment or exile of the best citi-
zens; the s'andard of St. Peter floats from the Vatican,
the Sacred College has resumed its authority, the Holy
Inquisitio❑ is restored, the Roman Republic is flung to
the earth! Bit the Catholic Republic is upstanding; joy
and abundance are about to revive, for Catholicism ren-
ders abundant and fruitful whatever it touches. What,
then, is it that has pronounced so many unjust con-
demnations, caused so many massacres, led to so many
assassinations? What condemned Galileo, John Huss,
Savonarola, Jerome of Prague? What directed the
poniards of John Chatel and Ravaillac? What gave
the signal for the massacre of St. Bartholomew and the
war of the Souderbund? It is Catholicism, as under-
stood by M. de Falloux, who has the courage to say that
the distinction between the rich and the poor is the law
of God. He forgets that Christ said—" My kingdom
is not of this world," and that he also said It is easier
for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for
a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven."
The Chambre d'Accusation met yesterday to de-
cide on the case of the accused of June 13, but,
after occupying the whole day, adjourned without a
decision. The Chambre du Conseil has decreed that
there is no case against thirty-seven of those who
were arrested, but it proposes to the Chambre
d'Accusation that seventy-two persons shall be
brought to trial. Among them are thirty-one Repre-
sentatives, viz., Ledru .Rollin, Considerant, Buichot,
Rattier, Commissaire, Felix Pyat, Gambon, Fargin-
Fayolle, Brives, Deville, Beyer, Pffieger, Avril,
Kcanig, Martin-Bernard, Cantagrel, Menand,
Rougeot, Land9lphe, Hoffer, Kopp, Anstett, Rolland,
Heitzmann, Suchet, Maigne, Pilhes, Boch, Vauthier,
Ronjat, Desmaziers, Janot, and Louriou. Among
the newspaper writers who are accused are Langlois,
Thore, Ribeyrolles, Delesciuse, and Paya. Among
the other accused are MM. Guinard, Forestier, and
Etienne Arago.

RUSSIA.
ST. PETERSBURGH, JULY 29.—The Imperial Ukase
to the Senate of Odessa, relative to the privileges of
a free harbour accorded to that city, is as follows:
" We have deemed it advisable, previous to the com-
mencement of the epoch, when the privileges of a free
harbour shall come into operation, to commissionour Com-
mittee of Finance to investigate the representations made.
on this subject to our Minister ofj Finance, as well in
a gentral financial point of view, as to the local wants of
the place in question. After due consideration of the
propositions submitted to us by the said Committee, we
are pleased to command as follows:
" Ist. The privileges of the Odessa free harbour shall
be extended for a further term of five years, viz.—to the
27th August, 1834, with the alteration, how-
ever, that from the 27th August of this
current year 1849, all foreign good; destined for com.
sumption in Odessa, as well as those which shall not up
to that day have been exempt. from the duty of one-filth
of the toll for the benefit of the city, us those litely in-
troduced, shall be chAwd with a tax of two-fifths (.f the
impost duty according to the prevailing rate of tariff. The
following are exceptions sugar and tea, which
are to pay three-htth. s of the import duty. Tobacco and
spirituous liquors, viz., arrack, brandy, and rum, which
must, as hitherto, pay the full tariff duty.
2dly. Of the r: ceipts of the Customs which after the
27th August, 1849, shall arise from foreign goods to be
used for the consumption of Odessa, the filth part of
the tariff duty shall, as hitherto, be employed fur the
benefit of the city; the remainder to be placed to the
ac-
count of the receipts of customs; and '
ardl.7. After the 27th of August, this year, foreign

Are INCORRIGIBLE BEGGAR.—A man who had been
employed in the ateliers nationaux was recently brought
before the Tribun el or Correctional Police on the charge
of mendacity.." Have you ever been condemned before?'
said the President, "I should thii.k so!" answered be.
"How often?" " Always; in fact the thing has become
a perfect bore, for every time I've been caught, I've been
condemned." " You have lived 40 years by begging?'
No; 39 only—as I passed the first year of my life et,
nurse!" " And you are decided not to work?
" Why, if I found a lucrative place with nothing to do I
might not object to take it." The tribunal condemned
the fellow to three months' in piisonment.
COD LIVER OIL.—We understand from a Liverpool
oil merchant, that a process has been lately discovered
whereby impure cod liver oil, which is of a dark red
colour and possesses an offensive smell, can be decolour-
ised and thoroughly purified. The discovery is due W
Dr. Muspratt, of the Liverpool College of Chemistry-
Commerce is daily deriving incalculable benefit front
the science of chemistry, showing its paramount import-
awe as a branch of education.
CURIOSITIES OF TILE PEAK, DERBYSHIRE.--Tbe/
Peak, so famous for its natural wonders, has also some
novel specimens of art. Among these interesting mar-
vels may be instanced an old corn mill, which, for an-
tiquity of building and machinery, has perhaps no
equal in England. A little to the left of the foot-way
from Eyam to Hathersage stands this old mill, deep it
a valley, where, but for this relic of bygone times, the
traveller would deem it a place " where nature is and
man is not." This old mill was in feudal times au ap-
pendage to Highlow-hall, then occupied by the Eyres,
who came in with the Normans, of which family the
Earl of Newburgh is the representative. It was what
was denominated a soke mill, and centuries ago did
much work, while at the present time it is but little used.
A stranger, on treading this valley, would, on his ap-
proach to the mill, deem it a low shed for cattle, could
he suppose the heathy moors surrounding it capable of
keeping any. On entering he would be startled to find
himself amidst some very rude machinery. the whole of
which he could be hold at one glance. The building is
very low, all in one compartment; no upstairs, no back
or side rooms, the whole from end to end being visible
to the eye at once. The water-wheel is outside, hid from
the eye by the sable verge of Highlow-wood. All round
the building are hundreds of old millstones, still bearing
traces of the rude simplicity of our forefathers. The
building has but one door, and that of such dimensione
that a loaded cart could come in actual contact with the
machinery. Altogether this is a most novel and in'
teresting relic of antiquity.—Derby Mercury.
EXTRAORDINARY PHENOMENON, WITH Loss or
LIFE.—One of the most singular catastrophes of which
we have ever heard occurred off the coast of Kincar-
dineshire, on Tueseay a'ternoon. A large herring-boat,
which had been engaged in conveying railway sleepers
from Aberdeen to Stoeehavco, had discharged her cargo
at the latter port, ai;cl was returning to Aberdeen,
when she was caught in a sudden and violent whirl-
wind which laid her on her beam ends instantaneously
amidst a boiling vortex of broken water. The crew
were, of course, thrown out, but they all succeeded it
clinging to the capsized boat except one man, who wee
observed to be floating about stiffly, and with a peculiar
and unnatural buo3 ancy. Mr. Thom, of the Mill of
Muchals, with several fishermen, having witnessed the
catastrophe, put off to the assistance of the crew, and
succeeded in rescuing them, after severe and highly
praise-worthy exertions. The coastguard were also
promptly afloat and at the scene of the disaster. It
was found that the man who. had been observed
floating about so strangely had been killed by a flash of
lightning, which was observed by parties on shore to
break over the boat at the very moment of the acci-
dent. The deceased, Alexander Mavers, a seaman,
was about
in v
sey Oryears of age, and leaves a widow and
f
destitute circumstances. Aberdeen
Herald.

BIRTHS, -----
On: m ____
wßri ptthoensotlfi iansdta.u,gtihiteewnife of Henry Folkard, Esq ,of Old
'6th inst., at Belitha-villas, Barnsbury-park, the
Christian, of Bloomsbury-square, of a daughter.
On the 6th inst., the wife of J. Bullock, Esq., of Brox-
bourn-house, Lark-hall-rise, of a son.
On the 6th inst., Mrs. F. Gade, Islington, of a son.
On o
ft the 6th
On the 7th inst., at Doughty street, Mecklenburgh-square,
the wite of Dr. William Smiles, of a daughter.
On the 7th inst., at Montagu-street, Portman-square, the
wife of R. Loder, Esq., of the High Beeches, Sussex, of a soli.

On the 7th inst., at St.MARRIED
Mary's, Marylebone, John North,
Esq., of Glocester-place, Portman. square, to Elizabeth Mary,
second daughter of the late Jedediah Kerie, Esq., of Glo-
cester-place.
On the 4th inst., at St. George's, Camberwell, Williams
Besemeres, Esq. , Old Kent-road, to Elizabeth, eldest daugh'
ter of the late A. Ewings, Esq., of Sydenham, Kent.

DIED,
On the 24th ult., at Genoa, Margaret Smyth, wife of
Lieutenant-Celonel Thomas Fothergill, of Kingthorp, York'
shire.

On the 23d inst., at Southsea, near Portsmouth, Elizabeth,
widow of Captain George Tupman, R.N., and eldest daugh"
ter of tne late A. L. Emerson, M.D., of Ifiverscroft Priory,
Leicestershire,
On the sth inst., at Rugby, Emilia Williamina Forbes,
second daughter of C. H. Forbes. Esq.
On the 7th inst., Mr. John Ward, of Ashby-street, St'
John's-street-road.

London; Printed and Published by DIURDO YOUNG, of
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, NO. 111.
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the counv
Aliddleees, Thursday, August 9,1849,