The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-06 00:00:00

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, leisure hours, and if you take those branches of study
to which your own incliaation would lead you, you
will pursue them better and with far more
benefit to yourselves than if, with the mere
abstract idea of the preference of one branch
of study over another, you take the one to
which your own judgment may not prompt you.
And of this I am persuaded, that there was great
truth in the remark I once heard from that accom-
plished and experienced man Prince Talleyrand, when
ambassador in London :—" Depend upon it there is
no such thing as labour lost. Depend upon it, what •
ever branch of study you pursue, and however re-
condite or remote its utility may seem, a time may
come, and when you least expect it, that you will
derive practical advantage from it, and sea the good
effects of having turned your minds to it." I believe
in the truth of these emphatic words, and repeat to
you that there is no such thing in study as labour
lost.--(Loud cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, I
spoke just now of the greatness of the sphere of study,
but in what I said I fear I did that sphere great in.
justice, since I spoke of it only as subject to rule and
mensuration and limits of space, and since I did not
advert to the awakening of that immortal spirit
within, as shown in various ages and in different
countries, and which, as thus developed, constitutes
the science of history. This is a branch of study al-
together different to that of the material world to
which I have already adverted. I should be unwill-
ing to speak with any undue preference of any
branch of study from which I have found especial
pleasure, but I think I shall show no undue partia
lity if I say that those who are inclined to pursue
it will find that it :yr ields to few others in interest
and pleasure.—(Hear, hear.) Now, to many amongst
you it may be impossible to etudy at any length the
more elaborate and extensive histories which are to
be found of various times and of various nations; but
what I do commend to you is to ascertain, either by
s which
hyporue v
arielaedd,
117
thed effo
re
lecent
dut
gr
ages,ee s
o y
the oaun ds ht
aea
tal
esr
0,
the
or
manner
att
nhh
noe
thoughts and feelings of
the great and good in various ages of the world.
These two branches, the state of manners, and the
deeds of men who deserve to be held in remembrance
—these two branches, not being of any great length,
' as to the manner of treating them, but admitting of
easy elucidation in essays and short lectures, are
within your own attainment. Now, ladies and gen-
tlemen, if on this point I may venture to give you any
counsel, it would be this,—not to neglect any inci-
dent, however slight, however trifling, or unimpor-
tant it may appear to you at the time, either in
manners or in biography, if by those incidents the
accurate facts of the case and the true delineation of
character can be brought out to you. Do not,
from a false idea of the dignity of history, neglect the
sources of information most r, adily accessible
and within your reach ; for, in my opinion, great
characters are often best portrayed by little circum
stances. But, perhaps, some little instances may make
my meaning clearer. I will mention an instance, not
of any importance in itself, but merely as making
clearer the meaning I am seeking to explain. Any
one who has had occasion to look into the stirring time:-
of the history of Scotland during the life of Queen
Mary, may have observed there is very little
known of the real life and character of the Earl of
Marr ; yet the Earl was in those times a man of some
importance, and, in the period after Mary was de-
throned, Regent of that kingdom. In the general
history of Scotland you will find little of his charac-
ter; but if it so happened that any of you were in
Scotland, and were ascending the Castle hill of Stir
ling, whence so' splendid a prospect unfolds itself,
he would from that hill observe a ruined edifice con-
structed by the Earl of Marr, and still bearing the
name of " Marr's Work ;" and if he consulted the
local history of Stirling, he wonld find that the Earl
had constructed that place from the ruins of a neigh-
bouring abbey, and had thereby incurred much
censure; and he inscribed on its portals these two
lines—

all parties may gladly combine.—(Hear, hear.) This
is a proud national feeling.—(Cheers.) It is no
reason whatever why you may not, if you think it
desirable, urge any change in our laws or customs
which, on reflection, you think right; but it is a
reason why you should ale ays be proud of your
country.—(Cheers.) Whatever course you may take in
the future, looking back remember this, that you
have a right to be proud of being Englishmen, and
of feeling prou 1 in the name of Englishmen
(Cheers.) I tell you that, looking to the course of
the last few centuries, and to the position of English.
men honour has become a part of your birthright,
and I call upon you never by any act of yours to
forfeit or forego your best inheritance.—(Great ap-
plause.) Much may not be in the power of every
one of you, but something there undoubtedly is.—
(Hear, hear.) It is in the power of every one of you
whether he will add an unit to the debtor or to the
creditor side of the account.—(Hear, and cheers.)
It is in the power of every one of you to deter-
mine whether he shall add only more to the number
of industrious and well-principled, and well-conducted
subjects, or whether he shall add one to those who
determinede flanc e.
in spurn at knowledge, who deride good conduct, and
the
by powersnch acts of
o an n yhis one
own
who set, as far as in them lies, law and principle at
ofpyarott:
heto
shall augment or whether,iminish, as far as in him lies, the
ancient honour of England. (Hear, hear.) And
thus far, I think that the feeling 1 have mentioned is
no idle vaunt, is not a mere retrospect of past glory,
but should be instinctive in our minds, each according
to the lights of his conscience—each according to
what his judgment and understanding approve, to do
that which he believes to be conducive to the good
and the greatness of this his native country.—
(Cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, there is yet another
point of view in which I think that the study of
manners and customs of various periods may be
fraught with advantage. It may teach you to
see that every 'state of society has advantages of' its
own, that we cannot look at any as being fraught
with unmixed evil or unmixed good.—(Hear.) Now,
if we look even, for instance, at the very rough state
of society before this your flourishing town was
called into being, when the hills and molds of York-
shire were only roamed over by the shepherd or the
herdsman, or at best the farm labourer, even in that
rough state of society we cannot deny that there was
the advantage of pure air and healthful exercise. We
must acknowledge that of the working man it might
then be said, in the words of the poet—
" Early at morn he starts from short repose,
Breathes the' keen air and carols as he goes."
But, on the other hand, when you look at a later state
of society, see how many comforts and advantages
which did not then exist are within reach, and, above
all, what especially concerns this institution, see what
sources of intellectual pleasure and instruction are
now to be found which at that period were not only
altogether wanting, but altogether unknown.—(Hear,
hear.) So that you see, that while we lose on the
one side, we certainly gain greatly on the other ; but
I should be disappointed if the study of these two
periods did net also suggest a further lesson. Might
it not be passible to bring the advantages of the first
period home, in a great measure, to the people of the
second?—(hear, hear.) Why need we despair of
,eeing, by improvements, that pure air and pure
water which farmed one great advantage of the
rougher state of society, brought home to you, even
to the most crowded nooks and bypaths of our most
peopled cities.—(Loud cheers.) You should not
be content merely with the abstract theory
that there were advantages here and there, but
you should apply your minds as you may be able, re-
taining the advantages you possess, to acquire those
which your forefathers held before you.—(Hear,
bear.) And I do think that with regard to these
measures of health—measures not belonging to one
party, but which every party must agree to promote
—I do think with regard to those measures much has
to be done by the industry, information, and intelli-
gence of such meetings as that which I have now the
honour to address.—(Hear.) It is an object which I
hope will be present in your thoughts and wishes,
and which, if present in your thoughts and wishes, I
shall trust to see at no distant day accomplished; and
I am sure it is to be promoted in no slight degree by
those habits of order and study, and by those habits
which are the consequences of those pursuits, result-
ing in no small measure from institutions such as
that before me.—(Hear and cheers.) Ladies and
gentlemen, I will now no longer detain you. Residing,
as I do at a great distance from you, to the south of
the Thames, I know not whether it may ever be
my good fortune to meet you here again ; but of this
I am certain, that whether I look to the national
interests with which your own are inseparably bound,
or whether I remember the kindness and warmth
with which you have this evening welcomed me
—whether, I look, I say, at public motives or at
private—l can never think of you with any feeling
approaching to indifference ; and wherever I may be,
or in whatever pursuits engaged, I shall always joy to
hear, as I trust I always may do, of the prosperity !
and welfare, the moral and intellectual improvement,
of the people of Leeds. (The Noble Chairman con-
cluded his speech, which occupied three- quarters of
an hour in the delivery, amidst loud cheers, which
were continued for several seconds.)
Mr. T. WILSON, the President of the Institution,
read letters from the Earl of Harewoed, the Rev. Dr.
Hook, Mr. Cobden, M.P., Mr. J. G. Marshall, M,P.,
and other influential persons who had been invited to
attend the soirée, but were not able. lle then pro-
ceeded to call attention to the present condition '
and prospects of the institution. It was form d,
as is known, by the union of two other insti-
tutions, in 1842 ; at that time they had 667 members ;
in 1843 they had 750 ; in 1844 they had 770 ; in 184(1
their members had increased to 1,244; in 1847 they
were 1,554; and the last time they met in this way
they were told the number of members was 1,868.
The number on the books at the present moment was
1,820 ; and when it was considered that this was
taken at an earlier period of the year, and when
members were invariably less numerous than they
were a month later, they must regard this number as
quite as favourable as at the period of their last soirée.
—Wear, hear.) Then as to the number of volumes
in their library; when they were first united to the
Literary Institution they possessed 5 066 volumes;
and this number had gradually increased until they
now possessed 7.270. Within six years there had been
an increase of 2 000 volumes, and there would have
been half as many more if the members had been
more careful of the books they had taken out.—
(Hear, hear.) The number of volumes issued during
the year had been 42,702, and of periodicals 7,101.
The Hon. and Rev. the Dean of RIPON, in an
argumentative and eloquent speech, proposed the first
resolution :

THE LEEDS MECHANICS'

INSTITUTE.

LEEDS, SATUEDAY•—The annusl festival of the
Leeds Mechanics' Institution and Literary Society
was held yesterday evening in the spacious Stock
Exchange, Albion street, Leeds, under the presidency
of Lord Mahon, M.P., who had been specially invited
to take the chair. Amongst the other distinguished
guests present were, the Hon. and Very Rev. the
Dean of Ripen, Mr. J. A. Roebuck, M.P., Mr. R. M.
Milnes, M.P., Mr. J. 11. Shaw (the Mayor of Leeds),
the Rev. W. Sinclair (President of the Leeds Philo-
sophical Society), &c. Altogether upwards of 600
persons were present, including members of the
chief families in the town and neighbourhood, and
many of the middle, but few of the lower classes.

Soon after seven o'clock, tea having been fully par-
taken of,

Lord ikariciez took the chair amidst great cheering.
After the applause had subsided, the Noble Lord said
—Ladies and gentlemen, it is with much gratification
to myself that I have come amongst you to make
myself acquainted, as I have done, with the details of
your institution, and to congratulate you, as I now
do, on the course you have pursued. You have chosen
to cultivate a taste for reading in literature and
science, not merely as an occupation in itself, but as a
relief from other occupations. You have felt that after
the duties of your daily toil have been performed, and
whilst resting in the body, you might still employ the
mind. Well and wisely have you chosen—well and
wisely, even, had you no other end in view than the
passing gratification of the hour; for if it be true, as
we often hear it said, that knowledge is power, it
' certainly is not less true that knowledge is pleasure—
(Applause)—and, like other pleasures, this pleasure
has no bounds or limits on this earth; it can never
be fully attained or overpassed, but, like the horison,
the further we advance, the more widely it spreads
out before us.—(" Hear, hear," and applause.) I
think, ladies and gentlemen, that in whatever atten
tion I have been able to give to this subject there is
nothing which has struck me more than to find how
nearly immeasureable is the sphere of human know-
ledge. We have not yet been able to discover the
extreme limits of the realms of space or yet of mie
nute smallness. II we look at the discoveries of the
microscope, we shall find they have been carried to a
great extent by Professor Ehrenberg and other phi-
losophers now living; they have carried them so far
as to discover animals so tiny that several millions
might stand altogether on a space not larger than a
thumb-nail. But then our discoveries only seem
limited by the the imperfection of the instruments we
use, and there is no reason to doubt that by further
improvements in them we may, as heretofore, find
new races of beings starting into view. On
this side, therefore, the extreme limit, so far as
we can see, has not yet been discovered. If we
look to the other extreme, so far as the realms
of space are concerned, we find that by the
telescope lately constructed by the Earl of Rosso,
with so much of well-directed skill, and so much of
liberal expense—that telescope has shown us that
what we before looked upon as luminous clouds re-
solve themselves into clusters of stars, each star the
centre, no doubt, of other worlds revolving around it.
Thus in this direction, also, the sphere of discovery has
been limited only by the imperfection of the instru-
ments we use ; and it has been supposed by Sir John
Herschel that some of these bodies in the spheres of
space are so remote, that although their light must
have been thousands of years in travelling towards us
—and although light travels so fast that from the sun
to the earth it passes its course in a few moments—
yet the light from these further bodies might even yet
have scarcely reached us. Thus, then, on either side,
see how wide the extremities are apart from each
other ! See how wide is the sphere of knowledge,
itself
the if imagination even endeavours to grasp to
the space between, it is almost overpowered by the
greatness of the intervals, and can scarcely form to it-
self .such immensity of space. This, then,is the
sphere of knowledge. It may be said, indeed, that
the greater part by far of this sphere can be an object
only of conjecture, or, at the best, of calculation, but
if even we limit ourselves to those objects contained
in this globe on which we stand, and to those objects
which our unassisted vision can perceive, even then
how vast, how various is the sphere before us—(Ap-
plause)—and how may we with one traveller in one
region of the world ascend the summit of the Andes
or of the Alps, and with him assume, in the fine
language of the poet—

" Espy. Speak forth. I care not.
Consider well. I care not."

Now, I ask you, ladies and gentlemen, whether these
two haughty and definite lines, slight though they be,
do not give you a more vivid picture of character—
do not bring the man more vividly before you—than
many a score of general and rounded paragraphs ?
(Loud cheers.) This is but a slight incident, yet it
may serve to explain the meaning which I wish to
dovelope and the counsel I am seeking to impart. But
I will give you another instance, from times more
near to our own, and with respect to a far greater
man. I will give you a case from the life of Lord
Nelson. Sir David Wilkie, the eminent artist, whose
personal friendship I had the honour of enjoying, told
me on one occasion that he had received a commission to
paint any scene from the life of Lord Nelson which
lie might select, the selection being left entirely in his
own hands. He told me it was therefore his inten-
tion to study with care the career of Lord Nelson,
and t:: paint whatever scene in it he might think most
descriptive of the hero's character. On the next
occasion when I saw him lie told me he had selected
for his picture a circumstance so slight that many
an earlier historian, I am quite sure, would have
passed it altogether, although it did not escape
the eloquent and discerning pen of Southey. I
dare say from Southey's works the story
will be known to you. It is merely this—how
during the siege of Copenhagen, Lord Nelson resolved,
from motives of humanity, to send off a letter with
the proposal of ceasing hostilities, how he desired of
an attendant to bring a lighted candle to seal the
letter, how the attendant was struck down by a shot,
how Lord Nelson desired another candle to be brought,
and how when the captain suggested that a wafer
would suffice, and that the hurry of the moment would
excuse it, Lord Nelson said, " It is to show that we
are in no hurry, that we are in no fear for ourselves,
and that we act only from a motive of preventing the
bloodshed of others."—(Hear, hear.) Now,.
i this is
but a slight incident, yet that celebrated painter se-
lected it in preference to any other scene n Lord
Nelson's life ; in preference-to any scene in the glories
of his exploits abroad and the pageantry of his recep-
tion at home.—(Cheers.) I cannot but think, ladies
and gentlemen, that I am justified in telling you, from
such instances that you are not to weigh the question
whether the incidents are trifling or not, but to con-
sider whether they clearly illustrate the point before
you ; whether they clearly illustrate the manners or
the character which you wish to study; and that is
the point which in these two instances I have endea-
voured to bring before you.—(Loud cheers.) I think,
ladies and gentlemen, that with respect to descrip
tions of manners at particular periods, there
is one reflection which you may make in
the course of any such reading, and which I think
must be gratifying to you, as I myself have always
found it—it is to find how high, at various periods,
England has always stood among the nations of the
world.—(flear, bear.) I think you may see instances
where persons, wholly unconnected with this island,
having no bias or partiality in its favour—how those
men, writing at a distance from us, are yet compelled,
with the force of to uth, at various times of history,
to bear most striking testimony to the value of our
liberties and laws. Nay more, even those periods
which, looking at them by themselves, seem to us
disastrous, were yet not disastrous when compared
with the same period in the annals of the other states
of Europe. Even when we were, practically speak-
ing, not high, we were comparatively high with
regard to the other nations of the world. Of this,
with your permission, I will give you one single in-
stance. Perhaps there is no one single time in our
history which seems to us more disastrous than the
period of the wars of the Roses, and the period which
followed it. It was a scene of bloodshed and havoc,
and the devastations from which, by the way, no
county suffered more severely than this, your own
county of York. It was a scene of so many and
such various sanguinary outrages that, if I re-
member rightly, Hume says, in his History of
England, that these things had tended altogether to
confound historic truth, since the writers of the period
were unable or unwilling to distinguish between
those acts of havoc and slaughter which so nearly
resembled each other ; and thus in their annals they
are mixed and confounded with each other. This,
then, was a disastrous period, followed by another
disastrous period of misrule and oppression by the
chiefs of the Government of England. But see what
is said of England in that very period by a foreign
writer of high authority—l allude to a French histo-
rian of great reputation, namely, Philip de Comines.
He had no bias nor prejudice in favour of England.
He sometimes sided with the King of France, and
sometimes with the Duke of Burgundy; but to Eng-
land he had no tie whatever. Yet, when he comes to
mention England in his history, he notices her in
language something like this :—" Now, in my think-
ing, of all the seignories (he means states or dominions)
of this earth, so far as I do know them, that state
where the public weal is most cared for, and where the
commonalty suffers least of oppression, and where the
fewest houses are burnt or razed to the ground, or
laid waste by men at-arms, that state is England.'
Now is not this a high testimony, borne at that
very period of misrule, by a writer of no bias in our
favour ?—(Cheers.) I believe in the ensuing cen-
turies it might not be difficult to adduce similar tes-
timonies, from equally impartial authorities, showing
how high we have ever since stood among the nations
of the world. Now, clearly this is a feeling in which

- - " To breathe
The difficult air of the iced mountain's top,
Where the birds dare not build nor. insect's wing
Flit o'er the herbless granite;"
while with another traveller, in a far distant region,
we may dive into the recesses of the earth and ex-
plore the swarthy secrets of the mine. How great,
then, how vast is the sphere of knowledge before you.
In the pursuit of this knowledge I earnestly wish it
were in my power, when now appearing hetore you,
to offer y ou any word of counsel or of guidance that
could by possibility be of advantage to you. Let me,
in the first instance, express my hope that whenever
you open the great book of nature you may always
do so with a devout and reverent feeling towards the
Almighty Author of all.—(Hear, hear.) I am not
unmindfnl of the fact that I am here addressing mem-
bers of other forms of Christian faith besides my own.
Nothing shall pass my lips in the shape of controversy,
or which can give pain to others, but I desire to warn
you against that irreligion which is their and our
common enemy.—(hear, hears) Be assured that
those minds most deeply embued with the discoveries
of science are the least inclined to treat sacred subjects
with anything approaching to irreverence. It may
have happened to many among you in passing some
church or chapel. or other place of worship, to observe
whilst the worshippers were busy within, there
were some scoffers at the doors. Just so is it
with the temple of science. It is only at its portals
that the scoffers can be found.— (Cheers.) Those who
hive entered that temple, who have studied its mys-
teries, who have heard the voice of its oracle, are the
most deeply impressed with the truth that there is an
Almighty Being above us, and that he has deigned
to reveal himself to man. You must bear in mind
that such men as Newton;and Pascal, and some of
the greatest minds this world has ever known, were
not at the first free from doubts and scepticism, but
as their experience increased, as their observation ex-
tended, as their judgment became matured, they be-
came devout and reverent believers in a Supreme
Power.—(Hear, hear.) Bear this truth in mind.
Many of you may not have leisure or opportunity to
examine for yourselves the arguments on which these
truths are founded, but bear this fact in mind, that
these arguments have subdued minds infinitely
stronger than our own—minds, so far as philosophy
and science are concerned, infinitely greater than any
of the present age. This is surely no unimportant
reflection, and one which I commend earnestly to
your serious consideration and thought. Ladies and
gentlemen, there is another counsel, though of far
less importance, which I will venture to give you. I
advise yor. not to aim at mastering too many sub-
jects of study at the same time. Vor whom am I
addressing now? I am not addressing those who
have it in their power to devote their whole lives
to study and science—l am addressing those who most
meritoriously are anxious after their daily toil to give
what hours remain to them to these pursuits. Well,
then, if in these few hours you aim at too many sub-
jects of study, the consequence must be that you will
fail to attain proficiency in any one ; you will never
have the instruction you seek, nor even the pleasure
you are desirous to attain; for, depend upon it, plea-
sure is not to be found in mere superficial acquire-
ments.—(Applause.) I would therefore recommend
you to aim at only one or two subjects of study con
jointly, and make yourselves masters of them before
you aim at anything further. Then, when you have
really obtained a well-grounded knowledge on these
subjects—then, and then only, will you have the
pleasure which a mere hasty glance at such subjects
will altogether fail to impart. If you ask me to what
subjects you should apply yourselves, I say, that on
this poi;;t you should very much consult your own
inclination ; for, observe, I am not now speaking of
the points to which your calling or your walks of life
may claim your attention ; I am speaking of 3 our

"In proportion as the elementary education of the
people increases in amount, and improvs in quality, the
greater will be the necessity for institutions like this, to
maintain the instruction that has been acquired, and to
gratify a desire for a higher and more extended know-
ledge, that will be awakened."
' '

Kir. E. BAINES hrialy seconded the resolution,
which was adopted unanimously, as were all the
subs( quent ones.

Mr:lt. M. MILNEs, MT in an eloquent speech,
proposed the following sentiment :
" To impart a taste for artistic beauty, and to give
familiarity with the principles on which it rests, should
be one of the objects of popular education."
Mr. J. A. ROEBUCK, 11I.P , then rose and was
received with loud and reiterated plaudits. When
these had subsided he said—My Lord, I am always
puzzled when I am called upon to address a meeting
of this sort. I know not why I should be thought
at all able, on an occasion like the present, to address
an assembly like this with any hope either of amusing
or instructing them. I am a plain working-man.—
(Laughter.) My business is so much with this
life, that in these mere displays of artistic lore, or
rhetoric power, I cannot pretend to address myself
with any success ; but I do see, from what I have
heard tonight, that there are things of practical ap-
plication in meetings like this; I can watch you, my
Lord; I can watch the Rev. the Dean; and I can
watch the Hon. Member for Pontefract, all addressing
themselves to some particular idea as connected with
the working classes of this country. But there is
something beyond all this. I ern sure my Hon.
Friends need not suppose I am going to impute to
them anything that is not of the highest honour.
But what makes us all here to night so different
from our ancestors? What is the distinctive mark
of the present generation, so different from those
which have preceded us ? What calls me here ?
What has called the Rev. Dean lwre to address you?
and what induces the Member for Pontefract and
all of us to congregate together here to-night ? It
is this, that there is a new element in the social
and political life, which has reared itself, unaided,
into a formidable position, which excites attention,
and, in some minds, creates alarm. And then those
minds, which like yours, my Lord, look into futu-
rity, and see what may come, watch, and see, and
feel, that there is a power, which it may be well if
they can direct; there is an influence which it may
be well should not be malevolent.—( They
watch the signs of the times—and so do I. I glory
in that tone which is thus manifested to night.—..
(Cheers) It is the popular influence that is at
work ; and my Hon. Friend the Member for Ponte.-
fract is right when he says that he has not to defend

AND 96 AnamptoEmipcialmECwoloTnres
TactEnmAgraßßyinT:Gon
goy; Edition, enlarged to 196 Steel.
criaTtycd, by THIRTIC-FIRST EDITION.
Illustrated
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE IWCAPA-
pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by float, direct from the Establishment, as. 6d. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the inarmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
alth remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
attalidcations. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. pEjuty and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
lird-atreet, London. Published by tho Authors: sold by Strange,
21, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street;
3tarie,23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.
FLIT I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
ans and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
puce, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
FAIT 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessivelndul-
s.nd bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and ,-enerative ncapacity.
illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
from infection, either in
theParrinrmltH73;
otrreasetesoonfdattye
fdlonnseas,
°asnrd"caleutintaivg txpllcit uirections for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engravings.
FAIT TV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease
by a simple application, by which the danger of infection 'A ob-
viated. This important part of the Work should no eSet,o the
eater's notice.
PenT 'f. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
duties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whale subject critically and philosophically inaaircd into.
TITICOILDIAL BALM or Srmararm is exclusi-,aly employed in treat-
ies nervous and sexual debility, imp& en co, sec., Ils. and 335. per
b)tile. The Concentrated Deters'em ',menu., ass anti-syphilitic
romedy,
for puha/111g the blood Iv cases ofinfection, secondary r:inap-
tems, erup
-qua', and the abuse Jf ro,:cury, 112. and 335. per bottle.
Perry
Purifying Specific Pas, W. 9d. 4s. 6d., and Ils. per box, a
aver in remedy for gonorrLeca,r;eet, stricture, and chronic inflamma-
tion of the bladder. ,onsall-tion fee, if by letter, U. A minute
retail of the case is :aqui" : ago, habits, and pasition in society.
51. Packets, wits advice, to be had at the Establishment only, by
which the fee,i;,, ie saved, Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in atten-
dance daily at 19, deracre-street, Oxford-street, London, from Ele-
ven till Tao, and _Vivo to Eight, or Sundays free Illoyen to 02. s

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[PRICE SD.

the education of the people. No, no, the people have
done that for themselves.—(Hear, hear, and loud
applause.) The people will educate themselves;
and here is my Hon. Friend Mr. Baines behind us,
who has not spoken because he found that he was
triumphant to-night—that the people do educate
themselves, and will educate themselves ; and that an
institution like the present is one of the e:rongest
arguments against me, when he is in favour of the
• voluntary education of the people. It is a great
thing; and I say it distinguishes the present time
from all others. It is altogether a circumstance
which marks you out and takes you from bygone
centuries. And though there are many who mai sneer
at us, and look contemptuously at Mechanics Insti-
tutions, yet depend upon it the nineteenth century is
by nothing so much marked as by this I see here,
and which that eccentric nobleman, referred to by the
Dean of Ripon, had much to do with bringing out,
but which we, I believe, have carried far beyond his
highest expectation.—(Hear, hear.) The Noble
Chairman has endeavoured to advise you in respect to
your studies, and I was a good deal struck by his
observations, for I found, from what he said, that he
did not altogether appreciate the present state of
things among the labouring population of this coun-
try. Now, in acquiring knowledge, depend on it
that the large mass of knowledge is acquired by every
individual by himself—it is not taught him ;it is
learned, it is acquired. And with respect to the class
of which my Hon. Friend has spoken, which has
leisure, Ido not believe that the leisure which they
have prepares them so well for the acquirement of
knowledge, as that industry which is of necessity the
portion of the labouring man, and which he brings, in
the hours which he can spare, to the acquisition of
knowledge. And I prove it in this way—all the
great advances of knowledge, all the great works
which have been done for mankind, have not
been done by the leisure class—(Cheers)—but have
been done by the labouring classes, those classes who
have had to work for their livelihood ; and who, after
acquiring those habits of industry, bring those habits
to the acquirement of knowledge ; and, using those
stern habits in the race with the dilettanti, press
upon and outstrip them, because the latter is as
dilatory in his modes of pursuing knowledge as in
his habits of pleasure. Therefore, I believe that the
Noble Lord mistook when he advised you to take up
any particular branch of study; and I take up his
Lorchhip, who being himself an historian, illustrates
' everything by history, just as my Hon. Friend the
Member for Pontefract, being partly a poet and partly
a politician, has illustrated his arguments by these
two things.—(Cheers.) But if I were to take the
working man and ask him to illustrate to me the
benefits of knowledge, do you think he would speak
to me of the danger of diffuse study ? Do you think
he would simply illustrate from the peculiarities of
antiquarian lore and history? No; he would
take a far wider field, a far more philosophical
view of what he derives from knowledge. He
would say, there is that knowledge which for
himself alone, without regard to others, gives to
life its salt and savour; and there is also, beside all
that, the knowledge which makes him to his fellow
beings a worthy associate and a means of beneficence
to those around him. Now, mark, that is not the
dilettanti mode of illustrating that of which I have
been speaking. He says—here is a knowledge which
I love for its own sake ; it is something which is to
me the salt and savour of life.—(bear, hear.) It is
not to genius we speak. Associations like these are
not made for genius: that has inspirations and aspi-
rations of which we know nothing—genius
" Sees a hand we cannot see
That beckons it away,
And hears a voice we cannot hear,
That bids it not to stay."
—(Cheers.) Therefore, with its aspirations we have
nought to do. We have to consider man—the ordi-
nary man, and what he derives from knowledge. I
know it is usually the habit in associations like this to
pick out persons who, under difficulties, have raised
themselves from the lowest to the highest ranks, and
altogether made themselves different from what they
were before. Now, I confess I do not look on this
as an advantage. I like to see man in whatever
position of life he is ; if he is a genius, he will
mount out of it, whatever happens. But I want
us all, in whatever sphere, to be happy and
virtuous.—(Rear, hear, and applause.)—Knowledge
makes us so, and it is for that I wish to acquire
knowledge.—(Hear, hear.) I have no care whether
or not it frightens anybody that people should be
learned. I have seen states—we know them, my
Lord—in which there are classes who are forbidden
to learn. In this country, centuries back, we were
like this, but we have outgrown these things; we
have forgotten them, and all are on a perfect level as
to the acquirement of knowledge ; and no class can
be distinguished from another by the mere acquire-
ment of science or literature. We are all alike ; and,
as in social life, the peculiar advantages of scientific
knowledge are placed within the reach of all, so far as
knowledge is concerned, each is placed upon an
equality with every other man ; and that to my mind
appears the true equality and the true fraternity
which philosophers desire; and which do not mean
those fanciful notions which are elsewhere held.
True equality is that of a man standing by himself
alone, his knowledge acquired by his own means,
and having that supremacy above the lower animals
to which man was destined—that supremacy of
knowledge which leads to virtue, without which
we cannot be happy.—(Hear, hear.) It is for
this, then, that I look so favourably on an institution
'like this ; it makes us all, my Lord, entertain right
notions of true equality, it teaches us to have those
sympathies which nature intended, and which you
have always felt vehemently; it makes us all under-
stand each other as true men ; it is the bond of know-
lQdge which is the tie which shall unite us to each
ether.—(Cheers.) Now, the clock, my Lord, ad-
monishes me that I ought no longer to detain you.—
(Loud cheers, and cries of "Go en.") There is one
observation I would make, with the greatest humility
possible, and without attempting at all to touch upon
one particular which some persons think ought to be
excluded from all associations like this. But you will
perhaps say, every man to his trade. I cannot help
looking at associations like this with reference to the
government of the state. I cannot help it. .1 dare
say the Reverend Dean looks upon them with refer-
ence to a higher class of thoughts and feelings than
in ordinary circumstances would enter into my mind.
I cannot help looking into these institutions with
reference to the government of the country. I would
wish to speak of them—of course not using the word
in a theological sense—with a truly catholic feeling,
and I should like to see a truly catholic spirit with
reference to all classes of knowledge pervading them.
—(Cheers.) Whether you discuss questions of poli
tics, or the sides of a triangle ; whether you investi-
gate religion ; whether you inquire into analogies, or
rest simple dynamics, which you can reduce to a
formula, it is my desire to see you actuated by the
same calm and philosophic spirit in the one case as
in the other.—(l.lcm-, hear.) I therefore wish to
introduce habits of research into assemblies like this
—I speak not of this assembly, but of the institution
—and you should go one step further, and look into
metaphysical and political knowledge, and instructing
yourselves not only with regard to the civil and mer-
cantile relations of life, but look also into the moral
influences by which our whole lives are governed.
And if we could by such questions—which usually
end unfortunately lead to habits of quarrelling and
antagonism—attain habits of quietness while probing
these questions, I should say we have done mere to
produce quiet, happiness, and good fellowship among
us all than by any other mode which could by pos-
sibility have been pursued. Now, I have spoken with
a desire to throw out an idea. I have spoken upon
the matter in' the most guarded manner, in the hope
and desire that some of you may seize upon that idea
and see to its being carried out.—(Hear.) Without
wishing to take up another moment of your time, I
would ask of you, in support of institutions like
this, to divest yourselves as much as possible of all feel-
ings,
of caste and class. The Dean has spoke, nof
washed-up artizsns, and, as this is a mechanic
in-
stitution, I hope that it will be the means of doing
what it does not at present—of bringing the artizan
amongst us, and introducing a close
ehialliancetiereis
w between
no
all classes of society, without Ii
safety ; and that we shall be with which
in the bro-
therhood of knowledge and of feeling, and make this
what it now calls itself, but which, I fear, it has not
been—a mechanics' institute.—(Loud applause.)
Mr. W. E. FoasTea proposed, and Mr. W. BRAY-
LET, of London, seconded,
"'That the effect cf institutions for popular instruc-
tion, as proved by large experience, is in many ways to
promote the study and successful pursuit of industry,
and thus to advance both the happiness of individuals
and national prosp Thy."
The Rev. W. SINCLAIR, who was much cheered,
proposed too following sentiment:—
" That the union of men
institutions of different classes and par-
ties in these and at their mutual meetings
tends to the removal of prejudice, and the cultivation of
friendly aed harmonious feeliug, and thus to the knitting
together of society with advantage to its moral interests
and the general good."
The Rev. 11. R. REYNOLDS (Independent) se-
conded it.

The MAYOR of Leeds proposed, and Mr. CHunca
seconded—

Mr.
Mr.
Mr.

" That the boil thanks of this meeting be given to
Viscount Mahon for the honour he has done the Lisa-

" .nat the thanks of this meeting; be given to tko
Doan of RipJn,. the Members of Parliament, and the
other friends of education who have hinoured 113 svith
thcir company on the present occasion."
Mr. R. W. HAMILTON proposed, and Mr. ST. 3.
Wan ELIIOUSE seconded--
" That the thinks of the meeting be given to these
ladies who have kindly presided at the tables."
The proceedings closed at half-past eleven o'clock.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. •
TATTERSALL'S.—YESTERDAY.
DERBY, 1850.
10 to I aget Lord Albemarle's Bolingbroke—t freely
11 to I agst Duke of Richmond's Ghillie Caliurn—t
12 to 1 eget Lard Eglinton's Keieht f Avenel—t:
20 to 1 agst Mr. Meiklam's The Italian—t to 1001.
20 to 1 egst Locd Airlie's Clincher
22 to 1 agst Mr. Pedley's Sweetheart—taken and
after ward 3 offer ed
22 to 1 eget Lord Airlie's Deicoon
22 to 1 agst Mr. J. Scott's Cyprus
25 to 1 eget Mr. Jeques's Mildew—taken and after-
wards offered
25 to I agst Lord Zetland's Voltigeur
1,000 to 35 agst Duke of Bedford's John o' Groat—taken
1,000 to 30 agst Mr. Gratwieke's The Nigger—taken
33 to 1 agst Mr. Hill's Pitsford
4,000 to 100 agst Colonel Peel's Hardinge—taken
1,000 to 25 agst Lord Chesterfield's Garforth—taken
5,000 to 75 agst Mr. Pedley's Little Bob—taken
3,000 to 45 eget Major Martyn's The Swede—taken
All the horses quoted were backed, Bolingbroke,
Ghillie Callum, and The Italian being most in demand;
Mildew and Sweetheart had three or fore supporters,
but closed at a decline on the previous quotations.
METROPOLITAN STEEPLECHASE.
3 to 1 sgst Mr. T. Mason's The Commoner
4 to 1 eget Mr. C. H. Carew's Lansquinct
5 to 1 agst Mr. Elmore's British Yeoman
8 to 1 agst Mr. Young's Sarah Sykes
CHESTER CUP.
3,000 to 45 egst The Baroness—taken
2,000 to 20 agst Mr. R. Holmes's Lismahagow—taken
2,000 to 20 agst Mr. Peck's Melody—taken
2,000 to 20 agst Mr. S. Conway's Kennington—taken
2,500 to 25 agst Sir R. Pigot's Essedarius—taken
I,OOJ to 10 agst Mr. Meiklam's Raby—taken
1,000 to 10 agst Mr. Pedley's Cossack—taken
1,000 to 10 eget Mr. Pedley's Chatterer—taken
1,000 to 10 agst Mr. F. Clarke's Glenalvon—taken
1,000 to 15 offered on the field.
YORKSHIRE UNION HUNT CLUB RACES.
MONDAY.
The Champagne Plate of 501., added to a Handicap of
10 sovs. each. Two miles. (10 Subs.)
7st 91b .......,,,,,Cartwright)( I
Mr. Shepherd's Alp,
Mr. Meiklam's Bst 61b . (rempleman) 2
Sir R. Bulkeley's bl f by Piccaroon, 7st 61b 3
The Tyro Handicap of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft, and 50 added,
for three yrs old; second to save his stake. One mile.
(14 Subs.)
Mr. Dawson's Mark Tapley, Bst 51b .., (Cartwright) 1
Mr. Johnson's Duxbury, Bst 61b (Clark) 2
Mr. J. Osborne's Achyren:hes, Bst 61b (G. Abdale) 3
Mr. Jaques na ffeiculapius, Bst 31b ..(Wintringham) 4
The Ainsty Handicap of 20 sovs. each, 10 ft, and 5 only
if declared, with 50 added. Mile and a half. (22
Subs., 16 paid.)
Mr. Meiklam s The Cocktail, 3 yrs (Templeman, 1
Mr. Arrowsmith's Lady Hylda, 5 yrs, list 31b
Barton's Smuggler Bill, 6 yrs, lOst 101 b
Sir J. Gerard na Gaudy, 3 yrs, 9st
.. 4
Even on Cocktail.
The Yorkshire Club Stakes of 10 soya. each, 5 ft, 12st
each. One mile and a half. (8 Subs.) '
Mr. W. Simpson's Peter Simple, aged ... (Capt. Bell) 1
Captain Bradley's Wireworm, 6 yrs (Owner) disq.
The Union Hunt Cup of 50 sovs., added to a Sweepstake
of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft. Two miles. (17 Subs.)
Bateman's Strychnine, 3 yrs (Capt. Bradley) 1
Danson's Defaulter, 4 yrs .... . (Mr. A. Smith) 2
G. Barton's Smuggler Bill, 6 yrs
EPSOM SPRING MEETING.
In order not to clash with Bath, the above meeting
will take place on Thursday, the 11th of April, the
week before tie Newmarket Craven Meeting.
WAR WICK AND LEAMINGTON NOVEMBER
MEETING.
FIRST DAY.
Nominations for the Free Handicap.
Lord Chesterfield's Mrs. Taft, 4 yrs—Lord Chester-
field's Chicot, 3 yrs—Lord Strathmore na Diana, 3 yrs
—Captain Pettit's Eagle's Plume, 4 yrs—Captain Hat,.
court's Ellerdale, 5 yrs—Mr. J. F. Jenning's Subduer,
aged—Mr. C. 11. Garew's Fugitive, aged—Mr. Lister's
Hind of the Forest, 4 yrs—Mr. T. Dawson's Magnet,
aged—Mr. R. Ilesseltine's Andalusian, 3 yrs—Mr. Law-
son's Courier, 3 yrs—Mr. Montgomery na Vaut mien,
4 yrs—Mr. Lane's The Meese, 5 yrs—Mr. Flintoff 's
May-day, 3 yrs—Mr. Fowler's Cingari, 3 yrs—Mr.
Harris's Cardinal's Niece, 5 yrs—Mr. J. Day's Cocker-
mouth, 4 yrs—Mr. J. Day's, Milliner, 6 yrs—Mr.
Wortley's New Forest Deer, aged—Mr. T. Parr's
Mantle, 3 yrs—Mr. Steerratt's Egret, 4 yrs—Mr. Cow-
ley's Second Sight, 3 yrs—Mr. Gulliver's Fezeley, aged
—Mr. Lane's The Darter, 4 yrs—Mr. Smith's Master
Downes, aged—Mr. Clayton's Teresa, 5 yrs—Mr. Mur-
phy's Dough, 4 yrs—Mr. Meesam's Doubt, 3 yrs—Mr.
J. Parrott's Selina, 3 yrs—Mr. Maughau's Portia, 3 yrs
—Mr. Mathews's Maid of Masham, 4 yrs—Mr. Dawson's
Alp, 3 yrs—Mr. Dawson's Priestess, 3 yrs—Mr. Daw-
son's Defaulter, 4 yrs—Mr. Meiklam's Roland, 3 yrs—
Mr. Meiklam's Inheritress, aged—Mr. Meiklam's Wens-
leydale, 3 yrs—Mr. Meiklam's Cocktail, 3 yrs—Mr.
Stephenson's Doctrine, 5 yrs.
SECOND DAY.
Nominations for the Free Handicap Hurdle-race.
Lord Strathmore's Spectator, aged—Lord Strath.
more's Miss Burns—Lord Lurgan's Fugitive, aged—
Colonel Shirley's Fugleman—Captain Thompson's Ven-
ture, 4 yrs—Mr. E. H. Lane's The Meese, 5 yrs—Mr.
J. Oliver's Rein Deer—Mr. Gulliver's Faseley—Mr.
Harris's Redstreak—Mr. Denistown's The Prophet—
Mr. Denistown's Conservative—Mr. Cartwright'a
Streamer—Mr. Phillips's Tallyho—Mr. Webb's Peggy
Meldruin—Mr. Williams's Syrup—Mr. S. Darling's
Hawkstone—Mr. Holman's br g by the Cardinal—Mr.
Clayton's Teresa—Mr. Young's Sarah Sykes—Mr„
Land's Railroad—Air. Wilkins's Ama—Mr. Drew's
Master Murray—Mr. Edward's Bedford—Mr. Oakes's
Small Beer, aged—Mr. Armstrong's Rosebel—Mr. Ada's
M re. James—Mr. Brocas's Valeria—Mr. Barnard's Jack_
of-all-Trades—Mr. Nervin's Diana—Mr. T. Eskrett's
Vaut Mien—Mr. H. Austin's Little Johnny—Mr. Shir-
ley's Novelist.
Nominations-for the Grand Open Steeplechase.
Lord Strathmore's Switcher—Lord Strathmore's St.
Leger—L-rd Strathmore's Rat-trap—Lord Strathmore's
Master Robin—Lord Strathmore's The Doctor—Captain
Teomson's Abd-el-Kader—Mr. Leary's Venom—Capt.
Little's Chandler—Mr. J. G. Murphy's Sylphide—Mr.
J. Oliver's Safeguard—Mr. J. Oliver's Outcast—Mr. J.
Smith's Peter Simple—Mr. Vever's Vain Hope—Mr.
Vever's Vengeance—Mr. Maughan's Farnham—Mr.
Storey na The Victim—Captain W. Peel's ch g by
lierlestone—Mr. C. H. Carew's Lam quinct—Mr. C. H.
Cerew's Vindictive—Mr. T. Mason's The Commoner—
Mr. T. .Newcombe'a Proceed—Mr. Tilbury's Bayonet
Ma G. W. Goad La Victoria—Mr. W. Sutton's Kil-
kenny—Mr. Murphy's The Oaks—Mr. T. Oliver na
Trust-me not—Mr. Hunter's Hope—Mr. Storey na
Young-un—Mr. Rose's Grand Luminer—Mr. Fowler's
Little Fanny— Mr. Treadgold's Maria Day— Mr.
Reberts's Little Houghton—Mr. Williamsou's Shinrone
--Mr. J. Fort's Knight of Gwynne—Mr. Butler's
Young Lottery—Mr. Elmore's British Yeoman—Mr.
William's Bold Davy—Mr. Hunter's My Uncle, by
Uncle Toby.
SOUTH LANCASHIRE COURSING MEETING
AT SOUTIIPORT.
The Annual Dinner Stakes (16 Subs.), were won by
Mr. Taylor's Oliver; Mr. Bradley's Bumper ran up.
The St. Leger Stakes (16 Subs.), were won by Mr.
Mallaby'e The Colonel; Mr. Taylor's Flirt ran up.
The Churchtown Stak 4 (16 Subs.), were won by Mr.
Booth's Alice; Mr. Bradley's Bereiford ran up.
The Scati,brick Stakea (16 Subs.), were won by Mr.
Deakin's Dont-bc-bebind-'em; Mr. Wood's 'l'urpin
ran up.
The Consolation Stakes (8 dogs) were won by Mr.
Coupe's Dick the Devil, and the Marshside Stakes (8
dogs) were won by Mr. Blake's Gin.

At the meeting of the City Commissioners of
Sewers to be held this day, the following motion by
Mr. Under-Sheriff Millard will be taken into considera-
tion i l mediately aft( r the reading of,the minutes and the
petitions to the Court :—" That the salary of the prin-
cipal clerk, in consideration of his long services and in-
creased duties, be hereafter 6001. a-year." The length
of service of the chi( f clerk, who has been an indefati-
gable servant of the Court, is eighteen years, and the
increase of his duties includes everything contained in
the sanitary regulation of the City of London, besides
the usual and ordinary duties of the clerk. The City of
London Sewers Commission, it is proper to say, compre-
hends a much more extensive range of business than
that appointed for the metropolitan districts, which is
for sewers alone., for the former takes in lighting, pav-
ing, cleansing, and improvements, embracing a great
variety of duties.
THE RECENT CAPTURE OF A WHALE AT GRAYS.
—The whale which was recently captured at Grays. on
the Essex coast, has been put up to auction, but, owing
to the limited notice of the sale which was given, there
were but few bidders, and it was bought in for 20!. The
purchasers are expect( d to realise 150/. by their bargain.
The Lord Mayer, us Conservator of the River, claimed
the whale, and, having asserted his right to it, gave it
up to the captors upon the condition of their not taking
it to any poplous ph.c.) for show, in consequence of its
offensive smell. The process of cutting it up and boil-
ing it was performed by Messrs. Griffin and Edevain,
oil merchants, of Maiden-lane, and occupied seven men
during eight days. About thirteen tons of blubber was
cut off, leaving upwards of twenty tons of meat on this
enormoue, animal. It will produce about eight tons of
pure oil. It took eight horses, with double tackle and
falls, to turn it ov, r.
OPENING OF TIIE COAL ETCHANGE.—Messrs.
Staples have forwarded to Windsor Castle the bill of
fare intended for her Mojesty on Tuesday last, together
with the dessert plate, doyley, and wine glasses, which
were all especially manufactured for the occasion. These
memorials the Queen has been pleased very graciously
to accept, and an official acknowledgment of her Ma-
sty's approbation was yesterday (Monday) forwarded
to the Albion by Major-General Bowles.

FORCE OF CONSCIENCE.—OD Wednesday last,
Messrs. Harvey, of Regent-street, jewellers, received a
lctter, beating the Nuwcastl3 post-mark, containing a
pearl brooch and part of a parr of pearl earrings, the
tops being retained and large pearls removed, with tho
following laconic remark;—" Stolen from you nearly
twenty years ago."

7'7
and the valuable services he has rendered by pre•
iding this evening."
Lord MAnoN acknowledged the compliment.
Mr. W. B. DENISON proposed, and Mr. G. HYDE,
econded