The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-24 00:00:00

FRIDAY EVENING, ATJ'GITST 24, 1849.

DEATH. OF MEHEMET ALI.
ALEXANDRIA, AUG. 9.—His Highness Mehemet Ali
Pasha died at Alexandria on the 2clinst., and on the fol-
lowing d ly his body was taken up to Cairo, where he was
buried on the 4th, in the new alabaster mosque built by

Adana 18,000 purees ; and Candia 2.000 purses ;
makipf.T together 32,000 purses, or 160,0001. sterling
per annum.
Mehemet Ali continued in the quiet possesiim of
Syria until 1839, but the Porte disliked very much the
occupation of that country by the Viceroy of Egypt, so
that after organizing an army and a strong fleet in the
beginning of 1839, the Sultan Mahmoud sent his troops
into Syria under the command of ilafiz Pasha to expel
the Egyptians; but Ibrahim Pasha proved too powerful
for him, and the Turkish army bad to retreat. England,
Austria, Russia, and Prussia, then, in conjunction with
the Porte, signed a treaty on the 15th of July, 18.49, and
informed Mehemet Ali that he was no longer to remain
in Syria; but the Viceroy, confiding in the promised
assistance of the French, seemed determined to keep the

himself in the citadel.
The procession from the palace at Ras-el.teen to the
canal was attended by a great concourse of people, the
European Consuls in uniform, with many of the
European residents, and a great number of troops with
arms reversed. On emerging from the palace the coffin
was laid at the foot of the grand marble staircase, the
attendants gathered round, and the chief mufti, a vener-
able old man, advanced, raised his hands amidst pro-
found silence, repeated three times, with a pause for
mental reflection between each, "Allah hoo akbar" (God
is great) ; after which he twice repeated "Salem airy-
koun" (Peace be with you); and then the procession
started, the principal officers and grandees emulating
each other for the honour of carrying the coffin on their
shoulders. On passing the harem, a separate building a
little to the north of the palace, the shrieks and lamenta-
tions of the women were most piercing. Twenty-six
buffaloes were killed and distributed among the poor,
with 26 camel loads of bread and dates, and a consider-

country.
England therefore sent a formal demand -to the
Viceroy for the restitution of the Turkish fleet, which
had been brought into the port of Alexandria by the
treachery of the Turkish Admiral, but his Highness
gave evasive answers, sad referred to the Sultan. In
the meantime he strained his utmost powers to increase
hie army, and formed -throughout Egypt the National
Guard, in which all the male inhabitants were made to
serve.

able sum of money.
At Cairo there was no ceremony attending the con-
veyance of the Pasha's body from the Nile to the final
resting-place, and even Abbas Pasha, the present
Viceroy, joined the funeral only at the mosque.
Mehemet Ali's first severe illness occurred in Ja-
nuary, 1848, when he proceeded to Malta and Naples,
where having rallied a little he returned to Egypt in
April, improved in bodily health, but with his cobs,itu-
tion shattered and his mental faculties totally pros-
trated. His appearance had undergone a complete
change; his eyes had lost that searching and intelli-
gent look for which his Highness was so remarkable;
his cheeks were shrunk and his voice was quite feeble.
His medical men having then declared his total unfit-
ness to attend to the affairs of the country, the late
Ibrahim Pasha assumed the reins of goreraraent,, and
at his death was succeeded by Abbas Pasha.
From that time until within a few weeks of his death
Mehemet Ali took his daily drive in his carriage, and
lived in his palace in the same style he was wont to
do, but none but his immediate attendants were per-
mitted to approach him. He is sincerely regretted
both by the European residents and the natives of Egypt.
Mehemet Ali was born in the town of Cavalla,
in
Roumelia, the ancient Macedonia. In Mahommedan
countries the natives keep no reckoning of their age, and
the Pasha could not tell precisely what his own was, but
he was easily flattered into the belief that he was born in
the same year that gave birth to the two most illustrious
heroes of the present era—Napoleon Bonaparte and the
Duke of Wellington-1769, thus making him at his death
of the age of 80 years, which may be considered correct

The allied powers, finding that the Viceroy would not
evacuate Syria by fair means, determined upon driving
him out by force. The first engagement took place On
the 10th of October, 1840, near Beyrout, when the Eg) p-
tian army was completely routed and the town taken.
Caiffa and Saida were bombarded in the same month,
Tripoli and Tarsous soon followed, and on the 3d of No.
vember of the same year the bombardment and taking of
Acre in the short space of four hours must have con-
vinced Mehemet Ali that any further resistance was
useless. The town of Alexandria was blockaded by. au
English squadron ; still Mehemet Ali ails not inclined
to submit, as he entertained hopes that France would
come to his aid, but in the end he found he could no
longer temporize, and acceded to the terms proposed,
the hereditary rashalic of Egypt in his own family being
secured to him. . . . .

It was during the period that the English were at-
tacking his troops in Syria and blockading Alexandria
that Mehemet Ali behaved so magnanimously towards
England by allowing the India mails to proceed as usual
through Egypt unmolested.
The withdrawal of the Egyptian troops from Syria
commenced in December, 1840, when 54,000 men and
6,000 women and children took the road of the Desert to
Suez; but what with sickness, desertion, privation, and
the opposition they encountered on their march,
not 25,000 reached Egypt. Ibrahim Pasha pro.
ceeded by sea from Gaza with the sick and
wounded, and landed at Damietta on the 21st of
February, 1841, whilst the remainder of the troops
marched by El Arish. Before the evacuation of
Syria, the Egyptian army consisted of 85,000 men ;.
of these only 33,000 returned to their country.: Ad-
miral Walker, belonging to the Turkish navy, in the
name of the Sultan took command of the Turkish fleet

within tiyear or two.
Mehemet Ali first commenced life as a tobacconist in
his native town, but he afterwards volunteered into the
army, to which his taste was more congenial. In his
new career he soon obtained high favour with the
Governor of Cavallo, by his efficient assistance in quell
ing a rebellion and dispersing a band of pirates, and on
the death of his commanding officer he was appointed
to succeed him, and married his widow.
In 1799 the town of Cavalla having been called upon
by the Sultan to provide its contingent of 300 men for
the expulsion of the French from Egypt, the governor
sent the required number, headed by his son, with Me-
hornet Ali under his orders; but shortly after landing at
Aboukir the son returned to Roumelia and left Mehemet
Ali in command. In all the engagements with the
French Mehemet Ali distinguished himself by his con-
duct and valour. He rapidly rose in rank, and his lofty
spirit gained him a strong ascendancy over the minds of

in the port of Alexandria, and sailed for Constantinople
on the 11th of January, 1841. At the same time the
Egyptian troops were withdrawn from the island of
Candia. the Hedjaz, and the two holy cities, and these
countries were restored to the authority of the Sublime
Porte.

The firman sent by the Sultan to Mehemet Ali was
dated from Constantinople, the 13th of February, 1841,
and, after some modifications, was finally accepted by
Mehemet Ali on the 10th of June, 1841. The following
are the conditions on which Mehemet Ali was granted
the hereditary Pashalie of Egypt:-
1. The succession to the Government of Egypt within
its ancient boundaries to descend in a direct line in Me-
hemet Ali's male posterity, from the elder to the elder,
among the sons and grandsons—the nomination to be
made by the Sublime Porte.
2. The Pasha of Egypt to rank as a Vizier of the
Ottoman Empire, without having in this character, with
the exception of hereditary right, any other prerogative
than those enjoyed by other viziers.
3. All treaties entered into between the Sublime
Porte and the European Powers are to apply to Egypt
as well as to any other part of the Ottoman Empire.
4. The Pasha has authority to coin his own money
in Egypt, but the coins are to bear the name of the
Sultan.
5. The standing army of Egypt is to be composed of
18,000 men, and 400 men are to be sent yearly to Con-
stantinople,
6. The, Viceroy of Egypt has the right to appoint
officers of the land and sea forces up to the rank of
colonel and below that of general of brigade, but a
general of brigade being a Pasha, the Porte alone can
name Pashas.

his soldiers..
After the evacuation of Egypt by the French in Sep.
tember, 1801, tho Sultan appointed Mohammed Khos-
rew Viceroy of Egypt, who has since been several times
Prime Minister at Constantinople, and between whom
and Mehemet Ali there always existed an inveterate
hatred.

The Mamelukes were at that time actively engaged in
endeavouring to recover their ascendancy, which had
been overthrown by the French, and the two principal
Mameluke Beys, Osman Bardissy and Mohammed Etfy,
came to an engagement with the Turkish army and de-
feated it. Mehemet Ali, with his troop of Albanians,
was under the orders of Khoorshid Pasha, but, for some
reason or other, took no part in the battle. The Turkish
General irritated at his defeat, complained of Mehemet
Ali to Khosrew, who summoned him to his presence;
he refused to attend, and took advantage of an insurrec-
tion which then occurred among the Albanian troops to
join the Mamelukes under Osman Bardissy. In 1803 he
attacked Khosrew at Damietta, and brought him pri-
soner to Cairo. The Porte then sent to Egypt Ali
Gezairli Pasha to replace Khosrew Pasha, but he was
still less fortunate than his predecessor, for he was put
to death by the Mamelukes soon after his arrival.
In 1804 the army, under the Mameluke Bardissy,
became clamorous for its arrears of pay, an insurrection
ensued, the Bey's house was attacked by the infuriated
soldiers, and he had to make a hasty retreat from
Cairo. Mehemet Ali, strengthened in the affections of
the troops, had clandestinely fostered this insurrection,
but, not thinking his tin e yet come, he sent Khosrew,
his prisoner, back to Constantinople, and judiciously ap-
pointed Khoorshid Pasha, then Governor of Alexandria,
Viceroy of Egypt.
The position of the new Viceroy was very embarrass-
ing, as the Albanians and his own troops still persisted
in their demands for pay, which it was entirely qiit of
his power to satisfy. A new and formidable insurrec-
tion broke out, and Khoorshid's soldiers put Cairo to the
sack. The inhabitants of the town were in the utmost
alarm, they deposed Khoorshid Pacha, addressed them-
selves to Mehemet Ali for protection, and made him

7. The Viceroy of Egypt cannot build vessels of war
without authority from the Sublime Porte.
8. The yearly tribute payable by the Pasha of Egypt
to the Sublime Porte, fixed at 2,000,000 dolls., has since
been reduced to a million and a third of Spanish pillared
dollars, about 270,0001. staling.
9. The hereditary title is liable to revocation should
any of Mehemet Ali's successors infringe any of the
aforesaid conditions.

The Sublime Porte, also granted to Mehemet Ali,
without the hereditary succession, the Government of
the provinces of Nubia, Darfour, Sennaar, and Cordo-
fan, and all the territories annexed thereto, situate out of

p
EgT yt.
he Pasha of Egypt differs from the other Pashas of
the Ottoman Empire in that the former collects the re-
venues himself, whilst the law of the empire is that
Pashas are not to collect the revenues.
Until last year Mehemet Ali enjoyed a very strong
constitution; his stature was short, and his features
formed an agreeable and animated physiognomy, with a
searching look, expressive of cunning, nobleness, and
amiability. He always stood very upright, and it was
remarkable, from its being unusual among Turks, that
he was in the habit of walking up and down in his apart-
ments. He was most simple in his dress and cleanly in
his person. He was very fond of playing at billiards,
chess, draughts, and cards. In his latter years he be-
came very merciful and humane, and generally forgave
the greatest faults.
The only language be stoke was Turkish; he under-
stood Arabic, but did not like to speak it. The late
Viceroy did not observe the tenets of the Mohammedan
religion with any rigour, and never cared about fasting
in the month of Ramazan. He showed the greatest
toleration for all religions, and for this, considering the
strong innate bigotry which prevails among Turks, he
deserves the greatest praise. He was the first Moham-
medan ruler who granted real protection to Christians,
raised them to the highest ranks, and made some of
them his most intimate friends. His freedom from
superstition was as remarkable as his toleration in reli-
gion, and in many instances he shook off the yoke of
those absurd prejudices to which all those of his faith
kumbly bow their heads.
Mehemet Ali's second son, after the late Ibrahim
Pasha, was Toussoun Pasha, born at Cavalla, who left
an only son, Abbas Pasha, born in 1813, at present
Viceroy of Egypt. Toussoon Pasha died of the plague
11, at the camp of Damanheur in 1816.

Viveroy.
Mehemet Ali was installed in the Pashalic of Egypt
in 1806, on condition that he should send to the Sultan
4,000 purses, which represented at that time the sum of
about 240,0001. sterling. Tho Pashalic of Egypt was
the❑ commonly called the Pashalic of Cairo, and it ex-
tended only to Middle Egypt and the Delta; Upper
Egypt being divided into several districts, administered
by the Mameluke Beys, and Alexandria, with a part of
the western province, by a Pasha independent of the
Pasha of Cairo. A few months after the installation of
Mehemet Ali in the Pashalic of Egypt the Porte con-
sented to give him also the Pashalic of Alexandria as a
reward for the services he had rendered to the Ottoman
Empire in 1807, on the occasion of the evacuation of
Lower Egypt and the city of Alexandria by the English.
The first step Mehemet Ali took to secure his power
was to satisfy the demands of the troops. He repre-
sented to the inhabitants of Cairo that it was
at their request that he had assumed the com-
mand, and that, to avoid further disturbances,
the wants of the army should be satisfied. He therefore
levied contributions, which were readily paid, and he
appessed.the soldiers, who thus became attached to his
person.
In 1808 Mehemet Ali received orders from the Porte
to attack and disperse the Wahabees, a fanatical sect o:
the Mohammedan religion, who had pillaged the holy
cities of Mecca and Medina. Before engaging in this
war and drawing his troops out of Egypt, the Viceroy
determined upon putting a final end to the power of his
old allies, the Matnelultes; for although the two chiefs
were dead, there still remained a strong number who
had it in their power to annoy him. Accordingly, on
the Ist of March, 1811, the Mamelukes were invited in

. .
a body to the citadel at Cairo to attend at the investi.
ture of the Viceroy's son Toussoon, as chief of the ex
_ _

pedition against tie Wahabees. When tho ceremony
was over the Mamelukes mounted their horses, but on
. _ _

reaching the citadel gates they found them closed, and a
sudden discharge of musketry, from soldiers placed on
the walls, completely annihilated them. A great many
Mamelukes were put to death at the same time in the
provinces. It has been computed that 470, with
their chief, Ibrahim Bey, perished in the citadel ; and

in the city and throughout the country no less than 1,200
were killed. Thus ended the power of these formidable
chiefs, who had kept Egypt in a state of anarchy and
warfare ever since the year 1382.
After the destruction of the Mamelukes, Mehemet Ali
made himself master of Upper Egypt; he obtained from
the Sublime Porte the government of that part of the
country, and at the same time considerably increased
the land-tax and the duties of Customs on the internal
trade.
In the autumn of 1811 Mehemet Ali sent his army
into Arabia against the Wababees. This war lasted six
years, cost the Viceroy immense sums of money and a
great number of men, and was finally brought to a close
by Ibrahim Pasha. In 1813 Mehemet Ali himself went
to the Hedjaz for a time to hasten the result of the ex-
pedition. During his absence, the Porte, jealous of his
power, secretly appointed Lateef Pacha Viceroy of
Egypt, but Mohammed Bey, Mehemet Ali's Minister of
War, pretending to enter into the views of Lateef Pasha,
engaged him to declare himself publicly Viceroy of
Egypt, and then decapitated him.
In 1815 Mehemet Ali, convinced of the great advan.
tages of discipline and military tactics in the art of war-
fare, resolved upon having his army properly drilled,
but his soldiers were very averse to this measure, and
threatened an insurrection. He therefore sent his mu-
tinous troops into Ethiopia under his third son, Ishmael
Pasha, who, on that occasion, conquered the provinces
of Dongola, Berber, Shendy, Sennaar, and Cordofan,
whilst he raised a new army, which was drilled by
French and Italian officers. He then offered the Sultan
to assist in quelling the Greek insurrection against the
Porte, and on the 16th of July, 1824, Mehemet Ali's
fleet, consisting of 163 vessel:, sailed for the Morea,
under the command of Ibrahim Pasha, who for three
years kept the country in subjection, but was obliged to
retire after the battle of Navarino, on the 20th of Octo-
ber, 1827.
In 1830 the Porte conferred upon Mehemet Ali tie
administration of the island of Candia.
Mehemet Ali then turned his thoughts to obtaining
possession of Syria, and 6,000
Egyptians having emi-
grated to that country, he demanded the restitution of
them from Abdallab Pasha, then Governor of Acre.
The reply he obtained was, that the emigrants were
subjects of the Sublime Porte, and that they were in
the Sultan's dominions as well in Syria as in Egypt.
The Viceroy, enragyd at this answer, sent him word
that he himself would come and take his 6,000 subjects
" and one man more." Accordingly, on the 2d of Nov.
1831, Mehemet Ali sent into Syria a powerful army,
under the command of his son, Ibrahim Pasha, who in
a few months reduced the whole country to submission.
On this the Porte declared Mehemet Ali a rebel, and
sent a strong army into Syria; but Ibrahim Pasha's
troops invariably overcame the Sultan's, and several
important battles were fought, which insured to the
Egyptians the possession of the country. The
European Powers interfered, and, under their
guarantee, peace was signed on the 14th of May,
1833, Syria and the district of Adana were ceded to
Mehemet Ali, in conjunction with the Pashalic of Egypt,
on his acknowledging himself a vassal of the Sultan, and
engaging to remit to the Porte the same tribute as the
former Pashas of Syria. According to this arrangement
' Mehemet Ali paid for Egypt 12,000 !Mei; syria sad

PROTECTION. The LORD MAYOR proposed "The health of her
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN Majesty- the Queen and his Royal Highness Primal
Sin,—The Edinburgh Review ins nailed this voca- Albert,' which was drunk with the customary
bin to its ac ual meaning, and, indeed, it is a point of honours.
philology worth considering, even at the risk of bei:!g His Lordship then proposed "The health of the
tedious. To suppose that protection of poor People is Count and Countess de .Neuilly, the Duchess of
intended, would be a violent catachresis: as well Orleans, the Count de Paris, and the Duke de
might we say, that as respect is good, therefore " re- Chartres," who had honoured him by visiting the
spect of persons" is good also. To be respectful is Mansion-house. He regretted that he was prevented
well, but not to," respect persons"—reflection is g )oa, by the request of his principal guest from more
hut not to "throw reflections" on others. IVe are strongly indicating the high respect he entertained
desired to protect the waterfowl in St. James's Park, for so illustrious a man—a man who could not but be
but in a very different sense the Duke of Wellington illustrious under any circumstances, adverse or pros-
spol:e of protecting pilots, by employing them in fine porous, by which he might be surrounded.—(Cheers.)
weather. And, then, as to the Act for protection of The Count de Neuilly said, he felt deeply grateful
women, that masterpiece of legislativeness and states for the honour done him by the Lord Mayor anti
manlikeship—say rather, protection of Sophy Dawes, the company by whom he was surrounded, and it
by M. do Condi.!, and published letters from a Queen was with the greatest pleasure he proposed the
of France, entreating to be protected by her in re- "Health of his Lordship, and Prosperity to the city
turn. So Madame de Munoz, and the Countess de of London."—(Cheers.)
Lansfeldt, under the protection of their respective Soon after four o'clock the Count and Countess de
iend4, Neuilly, the Duchess d'Orleans, the Count de Paris,
and the Duke de Chartres, took leave of the Lord
Mayor and the Lady Mayoress. They were accom-
panied to the door in the same form and with the
same ceremony which awaited them upon their en-
trance. The mow -lent they entered their carriages
the crowd, which completely filled the wide space of
Charlotte row, burst into loud applause. Several
gentlemen shook hands with the late King of the
French when he was seated in his carriage, and all
exhibited towards him the must profound respect.

" Till the o'crstrung
Nations have arm'd in mt.dni ss—the strange fate
Which tumbles mightiest s.Jv'reigns, and bath flung
A gainst their blind omnipotence a weight
Within the opposing scale which crushes soon or late;
Such might have been Her destiny, but no!—
Our hearts refute it; and so young, so fair,
Good without effort, great without a fuel"
Since we have rejected the principle of protection,
which, in fact, is a specious euphemism for corrup-
tion, how different is the scene which England offers!
The celebrated picture of national honour, in the
11:enriade, would seem painted fcr Queen Victoria.
Aux murs de Westminster on voit paraitre ensemble
Trois pouvoirs etonnes du rceud qui its rassemble—
Les depute:, du peuple, et les Brands, et le roi,
Divit 4:1 d' inter et, reunis par la loi
Toils trois rnembres sacr6s de ce corps invincible
Dangereux I lui-rneme, a ses voisins terrible.
Heureux, lorsque le peuple instrait de son devoir
Respecte autant dolt le seuverain pouvoir !
Plus hereux, lorsqu' un roi doux, juste et politique
Respecte autant qu'il doit la libert6 publique!
Ah!' s'e,:ria Bourbon 6quand pourrout les Francais
Voir d'un refine aussi beau fleurir les saintes loix?'
Quel exemple pour vous, monarques de la terre!
Use Femme a fernie les portes de la guerre !"
But to return from this metrical digression : the
inventor of protection in the strict modern accepta-
tion of the term—in its second intention—was Col-
bert, styled grand perhaps because he was too grand
to listen to laissez-faire and laissez-passer. When
Louis XIV. used to demur at some protective
duty in favour of a particular set of people, Colbert
made answer to his King, simply and seriously,
" They have paid so tnuch." Colbert, as described by
the usual authorities, "had a low, dejected mien,
stern, gloomy, and morose :" and no wonder, for he
had many ladies as well as merchants under his pro-
tection.
The theory and praCtice are admirably described by
Le Sage, in " Gil Bias." The Count Due de Lerine
protects colonial produce for the sake of his friend
and protégé. "Je vois, Monsieur Gil Blat, que vous
avez ete un peu picard :" but the Count Duke liked
him all the better for this gusto picaresco. In a
similar manner, Monsieur Gil Bias protects Don
Raphael and the son of Seraphina (filius
Lerma died of coma vigil, and spectres. D'Oli-
varei, also protecting minister, also died of spectres
twenty years after. So perish Protection ! Respice
finest !
Hear Lord Nugent in 1842 :—" I for one happen
to know, that when Canning paid his last never•to-
be, forgotten visit to Bath, where poor Lord Liver
pool sought, but found not, a cure for the distraction
of his mind, be acknowledged to his friends he was
powerless without the people." Now, if the excellent
Liverpool had " protected " the Irish mear from
" competition," by " exclusion " of land-jobbers and
removers of land-marks, or if he had stamped eject-
ments with a " duty amounting to prohibition," he
might have died full of years and honours. Class
legislation properly speaking is good—what is good
for one class is good fbr all.
"Aqui pauperibus prodest, locupletibus mcp.4:
'Eve neglectum pueris senibusqlw nocebit."
We protected (and paid tribute to) the sugar-
boilers in Mincing-lane against the slave-owners—
because Lord H. and his Titan sons had many
boroughs : these slave-owners we protected, paying
them tribute, against Portuguese who had dune us no
harm, merely to keep up right of search and snare
clausum. Also we protected even our manufac-
tures against the same West Indians, and against the
Americans, whose independence Lord Grey ascribed
to our navigation-laws. These are not classes—this
not class-legislation—it is set-legislation, coterie, click
or clack and cabal, caucus-0, Heavens !—Cacus-

COURT-MAItTIAL.

PLYMOrTII, AUGUST 22.—A court-martial assembled
this morning on board her Majesty's ship Impregnable,
in Hamoaze, for the purpose of trying Lieutenant George
Tempest Graham and Mr. Andrew R. Elliott, master,
both of her Majesty's sloop Childers. The court opened
at 9 A m., and consisted of Admiral-Superintendent Sir
John Louis; Captain W. H. Johnstone, her Majesty's
ship Agincourt; Captain M.'llongall, her Majesty's ship
La Hogue; Captain Sir Thomas Maitland, her Majesty's
ship Impregnable; and Captain George Greville Wel-
'esley, of her Majesty's frigate Da3(lalus. Mr. George
Eastlake officiated as Judge Advocate. The prisoners
were assisted by Mr. Beer, solicitor, of Devonport. The
charges were—
" For that ho, the said George Tempest Graham,
being a lieutenant of her Majesty's sloop Childers, and
being in temporary command and charge of the said
sloop, in commission, and in the full pay and service of
the fleet, did, on the 20th day of May, in the year 1849,
while the said sloop was at anchor in Simon's Bay, nn •
lawfully desert from and leave the said sloop and the
service of her Majesty, in breach of the articles of war.
" For that the said Andrew H. Elliott, being master
of her Majesty's sloop Childers, in commission, and in
the full pay and service of the fleet, did, on the 20th
day of May, in the year 1849, while the said sloop was
at anchor in Simon's Bay, unlawfully desert from and
leave the said sloop and the service of her Majesty, in
breach of the articles of war."

The prisoners at once admitted the correctness of
the charges, and declined calling witnesses, but threw
themselves on the mercy of the Court.
Lieutenant Graham pleaded, in extenuation, that he
was led to desert by the horrible treatment of Com-
mander Pitman, whose tyranny drove him into a state
of frenzied madness, during which, when smarting under
the degradation of being culled a liar before his brother
officers and the ship's company he committed
the rash act of desertion. Prisoner referred
to several acts of seamanship while on board
the Childers; on one ocoasion, during a severe
storm which threw the ship on her beam ends
r.be men refused to go aloft, when he led the way and
let go the maintop sail to right the ship, or she would
have been totally lost. Some excellent certificates
of good conduct, while under other commands, were
produced.
Mr. Elliott stated that Commander Pitman had al-
leged against him several grave and unfounded charges;
and that in the East Indies ono of the commander's
Accusations was made the subject of investiga.ion before
s court of inquiry, who dismissed it as without founda-
tion. Oa arrival at Simon's Bay, after being out 63 days,
and keeping two watches daily, prisoner asked permis-
sion to go ashore, when Commander Pitman told him
that by making provision for the due performance of his
duty in his absence, he might go as often as he pleased.
He left accordingly next day at three r se., and returned
at nine P.M. On the subsequent morning Commander
Pitman denied having given permission to prisoner, and
placed him under arrest. Mr. Elliott produced several
certificates of previous good conduct.
After a deliberation of two hours, the Court sentenced
Lieutenant Graham to be imprisoned twelve months, and
Mr. Elliott six months, at Exeter, both to be dismissed
:he service, and rendered incapable of ever serving again.
It is stated that, previous to the court-martial, Com-
mander Pitman applied for an examination into his own
conduct, which was refused by the Admiralty, and that
it is his intention to make a second application. The pri-
soners have also made special application to the Admi-
ralty for a court-martial on Commander Pitman.

legislation.
Then, one hears of " protecting the gold," as if
gold could ever want gentlemen to elope with ; and
here let me observe it would be well if vices of cor•
porate bodies were no more than aggregate vices of
individuals, for if so the tendency in all human
affairs to oligarchy would be less fatal. The Bank,
however, protects the gold. Ladies and children are
taken down into the vaults with candlesticks of a
particular make, as if to see Pluto himself. But is
this "the immovable anchor in secretest and serenest
depths of ocean to which the weal of England
is moored ?"—ls this the roof-tree of British
Empire ? What is it but corpus delicti
of the most gigantic fraud ever known to be
attempted ? Riches have wings. All this gold
flew of to buy Lousyana scrip for Sydney Smith and
others. All this gold is managed "according to a
variety of indications—sometimes by the individual
opinions of directors," possibly bankrupt, " and by
the bills drawn by persons connected with—the corn
trade." Wheel within wheel! Mr. Tooke, a person
of more tact than candour, decided that the oozing
" of gold does not depend on any excess of circula-
tion, but on some casual payments which must be made
in metals." So are we governed by epithets; such
are our casual payments—Nl/Tromp/II fait a loisir.
Henri IV. made a vreu that every peasant might have
" la poule au.pot les dimanches."
Vive Henri Qua-titre !
Ce roi vaillant
Ce vert galant !
Mort a Goderique ! He gave every poor man a
bit of gold in his pocket, and shuffled the poule into
his own pot I—l have the honour, &c.,
H. C. ARGENT.

SPORTIN G INTELLIGENCE.
YORK AUGUST MEETING.—TnuRsDAr.

The Chesterfield Handicap of 10 sore. each, and 60 added.
One mile. (20 Subs.)
:qr. Lillie's Spithead, 6 yrs, 7st 71b (Simpson) 1
Lord Clifden's Cotton Lord, 3 yrs, Est 61b (Docks ray) 2
Mr. Dawson's Defaulter, 4 yrs, 6st 101 b (Arnold) 3
Mr. Woffendeu's Yost Tempore, 3 yrs, Est 121 b
Mr, Pedley's Fellow-Commoner, 3 yrs, GA 51b 5
Betting-7 to 4 agst Post Tempore-3.t0 1 agat Spit-
head-7 to 2 agst Defaulter-4 to 1 agat Cotton Lord.
Won by a length; a melt between stcond and third.
Hun in 1 min 48 sees.

Ihe County Cup of 1501., added to a Sweepstakes of 20
sous. each, 10 ft. Two miles. (12 Subs.)
Lord Stanley's Canezou, 4 yrs, Bst 81b (Butler) 1
Mr. Meiklam's IVensleydale, 2 yrs, Gst 81b (Arnold) 2
Mr. A. Johnstone's Confederacy, 4 yrs, Bst llb
Mr. W. Sutton's Crocodile, aged, Gst 51b ...(Osborne) 4
Mr. W. Sutton's Sebersides, aged, 6st 81b (Flatman) 5
4tol on Canezou. Won easily by a length; Con-
federacy a very bad third. Run in 3 min 50 secs.

The Bramham- Park Stakes of 100 sovs. each, 30 ft.
One mile and a half. (S Subs.)
Lord Stanley's Strongbow
The Great Ebor Handicap of 20 soya. each, 15 ft, and 5
ft only if declared, with 200 soya, added; the second to
receive 501. Two miles. (99 Subs, 59 of whom pay
5 sovs. each.)
Mr. Powney's The Hero, 6 yrs, 9st 41b (A. Day) ... 1
Sir J. Hawley's Fernhill, 4 yrs, Bst ... (Tompleman) 2
Mr. F. Walker's Maid of Team Valley, 3 yrs, sst 51b 3
Captain Harcourt's Ellerdale, 5 yrs, Bst 51b 4
The following also started :—Executor, 5 yrs, 7st 71b,
carried 7st 131 b (Flatman)—Malton, 4 yrs, 7st (Fenn)—
Blucher, 4 yrs, 7st (Harrison)—Giselle, 6 yrs, 6st 91b
(Dockeray)—Glen Saddel, 4 yrs, Est 71b (Walker)—
Cockermouth, 4 yrs, 6st 51b (W. Sharp)—Miss Whip, 5
yrs, Est 41b (Arnold)—Chantrey, 3 yrs, sst 81b (Charl-
ton)—Westow, 3 yrs, sst 81b (Basham)—Castaoette,
3 y rs, sst 31b (Iliett)—and Alp, 3 yrs, sst 21b Mar-
wood).
Won by a neck.
The Three yrs old Produce Stakes of 100 sovs. each, h ft.
Two miles. (4 Subs.)
Sir R. Bulkeley's Piccaroon
The Lottery Plate of 25 soya., added to a Sweepstakes of
5 sovs. each. Second to save his stake. One mile.
(8 Subs).
Mr. Pedley's oh f The Probe, 3 yrs, Gat 51b (W.Sharp) I
Col. Anson's Bonbon, 3 yrs, sst 12,b (Charlton) 2
Lord Zetland's Polonaise, 3 yrs bit Ilb. (Hiatt) 3
Mr. B. Green's The Arab, 3 yrs, Est 81b ...(Basham) 0
Sir J. irawl,y's Paultons, aged, Bst Gib (Templeman) 0
Captain Harcourt's b c, by Young Longwaisr, 3 yrs,
Est llb (Arnold) bolted. Won by a length.
BETTING ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT.
GREAT YORKSHIRE STAKES.
5 to 4 agat Nunnykirk.
ST. LEGER.
5 to 2 on The Flying Dutchman.
EHOR HANDICAP.

VISIT of the COUNT and COUNTESS of
NE DILLY (late KING and QUEEN of the
FRENCH) to the LORD MAYOR.
Yesterday the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor and the
Lady Mayoress were honoured with a visit from the
Count and Countess de Neuilly at the Mansion-house.
At the request of Louis Philippe the reception was as
private as it could have been made under the circum-
stances; but notwithstanding the peremptory orders
of the Chief Magistrate, it soon became known in the
vicinity of his Lordship's residence that the illustrious
strangers were his guests.
In order to give the late King and Queen of the
French some idea of the magnificent room in which
the hospitality of the Lord Mayor of London is prin-
cipally displayed, his Lordship caused the Egyptian-
hall to be decorated, the Mansion-house plate to be
exhibited, and the tables to be laid out in the style of
splendour to which they have been accustomed during
the present mayoralty. The anddrawing-roomm the
lofty corridor were prepared for the receptiotnheofletphge
illustrious guests with equal care, and in
parlour a dejedner ala fourchette was laid, consisting
of every delicacy of the season, an dof wines of the
finest quality.
Louis Philippe having intimated by letter to the
Lord Mayor that he would drive down to the Man-
sion-house at half'past two o'clock, his Lordship in-
vited the following distinguished persons to meet their
late Majesties :
The Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Bank
of England, the Chairman of the East India Company,
the Deputy-Chairman of the East India Company,
the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Mr. Masterman,
M.P., and Miss Masterman, Mr. Hume, M.P., Mr.
Samuel Gurney, Mr. H. C. Hoare and family, Mr.
Cubitt, M.P., Mr. C. Pearson, M.P. Aldermen Sir
G. Carroll, Gibbs, Musgrove, Challis, Moon, and
Lawrence ; Mr. Sheriff Goodhart, Mr. Sheriff Elect
Nicoll, Mr. Hill, the Lord Mayor's chaplain, and
Mrs: Cattley, Sir E. N. Buxton, M.P., Mr. Master-
man, jun., Mr. Henry and Miss Brandling, and Mr.
John Laurie, &c.
At the appointed time the Count and Countess de
Neuilly, accompanied by the Duchesse d'Orleans, the
Comte de Paris, and the Comte de Chartres, and
attended by the Duchesse de Alarisier, the Marquise
de Vins, General the Comte de Chabannes, General
the Comte de Dumas, and Colonel the Comte de
Montguyon, arrived at the private door of the Man-
sion-house, where they were received by the Lord
Mayor and the Lady Mayoress, amidst the cheers of 1
a multitude who had assembled in Charlotte-row to
welcome the venerable Louis Philippe. _
attend
e their bearer, the mace-bearer, and the marshal,
their state dresses, and the illustrious
by
the building apparently delight jiriests entered
the earnest
warmth of their reception.
The Count and Countess de Neuillv, after having
visited the justice-room in which the magisterial
duties of the Mayoralty are per orme , entered the
; hall, from which the light of day had been
Egypt.an
almost excluded, for the purpose of displaying with ,
greater effect the skill with which the gas is intro- I
duced into that noble building. They expressed the
highest admiration of the magical power with which
his Lordship, by a motion of his hand, turned the
darkness into the most brilliant light, and placed before
their eyes the magnificent ornaments of the hall of the
Mayor of London.
At three o'clock it was announced that the &jailer
was ready, and the Lord Mayor conducted the
Countess de Neuilly (preceded by the sword-bearer
and the mace-bearer) into the long parlour, followed
by the Count de Neuilly, who conducted the Lady
Mayoress, and the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, who
conducted the Duchess d'Orleans.

5 to 1 agst Ellerdale
7 to 1 agst Glen Saddel
7 to 1 agst Giselle
8 to 1 agst Westow
12 to I agst Cockermouth

100 to 8 agst Maid of Team
Valley
100 to 6 agst Executor
20 to 1 agst

DERE!
22 to 1 agst William the
Cori queror

ISSO.
25 to 1 agst Epirote
25 to 1 agst