The Sun.
London, England, 1825-07-05 00:00:00

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]

' The Combination Bill was last night discussed
for the first time in the House of Lords. It is
not our intention to enter again into this -subject,
as there seems a general understanding to allow
the Rill ton pass without any material alteration-.
Lord Itosslyn said, he should propose an amend-
ment, tO*seeure more efiectualTy to workmen the
Lumver. of meeting for all-,.matters-- concerning the
regulation of the trade(,-:ti-s tvagesand such regu-
lation might be inseparably - connected together.
We 'are glad to see that the power of appeal to
ti,i-Ilitttartei- Sessions has been given; as it Will
ser,ve.7to check in some measure the influence of
masters- with other masters in the commission* of
,
the' peace. \Tory great importance has eery justly
bien'ttached 'to this provision. But-if import-
ance has beetv-attached-to--ftwappeal•-in this case,
the,_question is..naturally_foced on-los' why ap-
-1.31E74,6-aro in any- cases prohibited.' The 'system
?England for a• long- 'tFrife unfortuna-tely has
been,to, ex tentl*appeals, where necessary to. gain
time, hat is, for fraudulent., purposes, and to di..
utinish- them • when- necessary, as' a safeguard
a'galn4 oppression. Summary convictions, with.
uot:appeiti,.Thave been multiplied• year after year,
till •a man
..can hardly step 'over his threshold
witfrout,• placing himself• at the discretion of a
Ratko' of•the Peace. If the utmost care were
ttilo.o., to -appoint no person to the Magis-
tragh who was not, in respect of qualifica-
ti!wr la ud chit-meter, every thing that could
be flesired! (we may infer from the refusal
. of --Buckingham to recommend
-I;ll,,y•lkiettrielymere)y-itecitusehe was a poll-.
tietill4rimVsfq that -politkaV'S'uliserviettcy too
ofrai.log4lAfei.. the .appointtneut),--if we did not
tlurtAttguage of Ministers-in the case of
Mril(eritic-k,--tharcorumon decency of behaviour,
ant teilrsg Lietyond, ,what many -secure a man from
Bildia-41,* is • !bete' guperocogatiost,--=.-if acres arid-
r4VlKtftlititttrest„'Were not_ the only tests of fit.
•We say thug.--discretionary` power
toriupt the very hest * men: in a *short
tit 4:.;„ Thai_ they * who fiansed the laws, - .which
thmekoWeritti-tentselves to execute; shou-ld -cdrw.;
ftftfor;ithridci`e b the,:richt of aPpeal and extend-the
•
p0:11170:0,04X1ji!aiy, COUVICtiON is natural enough ;
for who loves to be •thwarted.?----'Who-doutit's
•
?-=indeed, -11 -foteign'
ter` io `C~r~srdered this'Part of our system
wit* aeftttTh'itieittioil,.-dOes -not hesitate to-Cay-,-
thll4 iT ysAttioafttottivt-of arbitrary -power, conamitLi
teri,.4„ilsfices?. of, th.e. Peace, witiCh constitutes
thggrevri-e..barirt:ef.-the office,: and sets so many
lite:law of Scotland his
ii'Mre careful of: the-liberi.y
of irlritowv' of rf appeal,.7 1-tl'• a It
cases,: Suii'eme
Courts of the country,' ..:.4-.;;Athiuratiou. End. sus--

pension," says a late writer, on the forms
of proceedings before Justices of Peace,—
" are the modes of obtaining the review ei-
ther of the Court of Session, or the Justiciary
Court; of the latter, in all cases where the Jos.
tices act in a criminal capacity, inflicting
a pecuniary fine or other punishment ; of
the former, in all cases whatever, not only of
decrees awarding pecuniary sums to private in-
dividuals, but even of fines and other punish.
ments inflicted ad vindictam puldicam ; that tri-
bunal having a general superintendance over in.
ferior Courts in the case of all such offences and
disorders as fall under the notion of breaches of
the Police The presumption
is always in favour of the Review. Bence it
was found that the words of the Stat. 18 Geo. 1.,
empowering Justices of Peace to hear and finally
determine and adjudge offences in destroying
trees and planting, do not exclude the Court
of Session." Every day there occur in Eng-
land instances of Justices judging finally in mat-
ters in which they have a deep interest. The ob-
vious and natural remedy ii► all such cases is,to give
a right of appeal to the Quarter Sessions, where
it is possible there may be a Chairman skilled in
the law, and some respectable gentleuraa above
countenancing any flagrant act of tyranny. If it
is desirable, for the sake of impartiality, that
there should be an appeal in one case, it is de-
sirable in all other cases, for the law ought never
to grant powers without providing some security
against the possibility of abuse. In fact, there is
far less danger of any abuse in the case of mas-
ters and workmen in towns, than in ninety-nine
out of every hundred cases which come before
Magistrates in the country—mechanics are intel-
ligent, and hang together, and the most arbi-
trary Magistrate would naturally be on his guard
in deciding against them. But the agricultural
population are slaves in every thing but the name.
'They are ignorant, and therefore necessarily
timid and apprehensive. They know not the
extent of the' power under which they are placed,
and therefore view it as the savage views the evil
Spirit. Those who could assist them, are afraid
to open their mouths, least by busying themselves
with what does not concern them, they draw
down on themselves the hatred of a powerful
neighbour. It is in this country, therefore, that
appeals are chiefly wanted.

[THE TimEs.]
What we suggested yesterday for preventing
the circulation of shares in fraudulent companies
has attracted the attention of several of our cor-
respondents. We are assured, on very good au.
thority, that there are companies, the shares in
which are on daily sale in the Stock Exchange,
to which not one-fourth part of the capital has been
subscribed, or the deposit paid up at the banker's;
that the remaining shares are held nominally by
individuals denominating themselves projectors,
contractors, trustees, directors, and auditors, who
are unable to make any deposits upon them unless
they first succeed in inducing the public to purchase
them at a premium. -Sortie of them who hold
3,000, 4,000, or 5,000 shares, , calculating that
the premium is already their own, have set
.up
handsome equipages, anti embarked in a splen-
did. style of living, proportionate to the for-
tunes of which they believe themselves pos.;
sessed. There are even well-authenticated cases
wherein the money raised on the shares subscribed
for by the public has been employed in the
market. by the Directors to raise their-value, so
that no .balance whatever --has been left in the
hands of the bankers, to carry on. the. business of
the company. A simple 'requisition, therefore, by
.the Committee of the Foreign Stock Exchange,
that the bankers'account with any company should
be exhibited to them before authorising transac-
tions in the shares, would at once expose the mode
in which its affairs were Conducted. It may be
said that the Committee confine themselves
wholly to the regulatiOn of the internal affairs
of the Foreign Stock Exchange, and that. the
protection Of the public forms no part of their
functions ; but this plea will hardly, we think,
be adduced by the members, when It is consi-
dered that the respectability of the establishment
will be
.promoted by abating such frauds, and
that 'an, increase of public confidence must be
followed by an increase of business; while • any
suspicion that fraud is silently acquiesced in,
must lessen the transactions even in well-founded
and well-conducted undertakings.

- 1
[BI2ITISII YRESS.J

There was some conversation-last night in the
House of Lords on the Bill. for amending the
Combination Laws. The Marquis of Lansdown
complained that this measure was brought before
their Lordships at too late a period of the Session ;
but he was unwilling to oppose it, leSt lie should
prevent it from passing, being fully convinced
that some remedy was necessary for the existing
evils. In reply, to these observatiotisOlie Earl
of
.Liverpool contended that the Bill was essen.:
tial to the quiet and tranquillity of the country.
The Noble Earl stated that if he had been'
avare of -the provisions. of the Act of last
Session he would not have suffered it, to pass
without opposition. That Act repealed not
only all the Statutes relating to combina-
tions, tut' the whole. of the common 'laW also.
The object of the present Bill is to prevent com-
binations, whether of workmen or masters, for
any purpose but that of deciding with regard to
the arrangements, as to time and wages, they. tnay
think fit to prefer for themselves: LOoking
the istate'of the manufactdring distriCtitlUriug the
last year, there can be no doubt that some enact-
ment w.as required for the protection of- those
who were 'not parties to' the••dangerous confe-
del-kicks formed by the journeymen in s'"
the piincipal trades, as-well as for .thepreserve..
lion of the public peace. 'no*. befo!e
Parliament is well devised to meet the exigencies.
corthe moment, and therefore it has our cordial
approbation.

[MORNING POST.?
The- Earl of Harrow by laid last night on the
Ale of the House 'of Lords, the Report of the
oMmittee•appointed to inquire into the State of
It displeased FAH Darnley, because
i does not recommend any particular measure

[MORNING HER.%
It has been remarked as extraordinary that the
progress of knowledge among the working classes
should not be accompanied by a corresponding
increase of moral feeling and conduct—in other
words, that to become wiser and better, are not,
as they should be, synonymous terms. But those
who reproach the lower classes with this dege-
neracy would do well to consider how far they
may be themselves the cause of the defect which
they complain of. Good seed is of little value
in the vegetable world unless preceded and fol-
lowed up by wise and wholesome cultivation. And
we see little good likely to result from making men
scholars, if religion be withheld from the posses-
sors of other knowledge ; if the Press administers
to the worst passions of the multitude ; and if
financial regulations drive a man to spend those
hours in the ale-house and the gin-shop which
ought to be devoted to domestic comfort. There
are those, we have do doubt, who will startle-
at the first of these assertion ; and will be ready
to exclaim with astonishment, " Religion with-
held from the people ! Is there not a spiritual
gaide in every parish ; and are we not building
churces all over the kingdom ?" It is very true that
we are building churches; and if the piety of the
age were to rest itself on that particular alone,
those who complain of the want of religious
instruction would be driven out of the field. But
though these churches have been built for the most
part out of the public taxes, is there in the ma-
jority of them any accommodation for the gene-
rality of people ; or rather, do we not, with an
ecclesiastical establishment endowed beyond any
in the world, shut the doors of the House of
God against all who cannot pay for admission?
We shall, perhaps, he told of the free sittings
that are to be found in some of these churches;
of the holes and corners, and one-shilling gal-
leries, in which a working man and his fa-
mily may by accident gain accommodation;
but these, bad as they are, form but sorry ex-
ceptions to the rule; and, generally speaking,
we assert without fear of contradiction, that in
the metropolis and other large places, the doors
of our churches are hermetically closed against
the middle and lower orders of society. The
Dissenters of all denominations, feel the force
of this ; and do not fail to avail themselves
of the opportunity which the lukewarnmess of
th'e Government upon this subject affords them.
When the supposed rights or emoluments of the
Church are in danger, a thousand tongues are
raised in its defence ; but when the principal end
for which the establishment is maintained, be-
comes the question, nothing can rouse its slum-
bering guardians from their lethargy. Of the
truth, of this ‘s-e have a striking instance in the
project which is now afloat for forming what is
called a London University. Instead of throw-
ing cold water upon this, and driving its pro-
moters from their proposed Act of Parliament, to
the formation of a Trading Company, it was the
manifest policy, if not. the duty of Government,
as soon as they perceived a probability. of the thing
taking effect, to have adopted it themselves, to
have given it every encouragement, and to have
rescued so important a measure from be-
coming a school either of infidelity, or of
sectarianism and dissent, both in politics
and religion. We have wandered from our ori-
ginal object, which was to show that any know-
ledge unaccompanied by religious instruction is
worse than useless ; and if it be the object of the
promoters of this New. University to make the
rising generation wiser than the last, without
making them better, such knowledge will in the
end be rather a curse than a blessing.

[TJIE PUBLIC LEDGERq
We have received the Paris Papers of Satur-
day. We do not know what degree of credit is
due to an account, given in one of them, under
the head Madrid ; but if it be trust-worthy,
we may expect to receive soon interesting in-
telligence from that City. According to this
account, a complete change of Ministry has
been resolved upon ; and the Minister of
Finance, together with the Minister of Grace
and Justice, would be dismissed as soon as the
.King returned to the Capital, where he Was ex-
pected on the 24th ult. Great efforts had been
made, it is said, to prevail on Ferdinand to retain
M. de Calomarde, but without success, at which
the Apostolic Junta and their partisans are in
high dudgeon. The reason that is assigned, why
these two Ministers were not turned out, when
the
_rest of their colleagues were, dismissed,
was all apprehension that so sweeping a change
being announced at once, would be the signal of
one of those insolent freaks, which the most out-
rageous of the Serviles indulge themselves in,when-
ever the Royal Authority is not rendered wholly
subservient to their interests or passions.—The
King had, therefore, taken the precaution of or-
(l"ring several corps of Volunteers to march to
Madrid,. whose presence would overawe the fac-
tious, and cause the contemplated change to be

effected without any risk. From this statement,
one would suppose that Ferdinand was actually
tired of the present system; or was rather dis-
satisfied with the mere name of Sovereign, whilst
the Apostolic Junta exercised the whole autho-
rity in his stead. But it would be rash to draw
such an inference, particularly as it would be
too complimentary to the feelings and principles
of a Monarch, whose whole reign has been a
a tissue of perverse and extravagant procedings.
We strongly suspect too that the change of Mi-
nistry, which is said to be contemplated, is mere-
ly the suggestion of an impatient and fickle mind,
and does not proceed from anv real wish to reme-
dy the evils, under the weight of which the Mo-
narchy is literally sinking. A more competent
Ministry than that which has just incurred the
displeasure of the Monarch, it would be impos-
sible to select from that very small number of
persons who, under the present system, are eli-
gible to office. The change is therefore a mere
whim of the Royal mind—a desire to vent its
spleen upon any object but itself for the effects
of its own arbitrary disposition.

SEEDS, July 4.
New English R.Clover. pet cwt...—s. 45s 60s—fine 71s
Old bitt,,
New Foreign ditto 44Eso,—fine 61$' 58s •
Old ditto ditto .. ir)s 4Os—finc 4.2 s -4153 '
New Whiteditto 49s 57,4-fine 613 664
Old ditto , 3'5.4657,4iiie•53s 47.
New Trefoil.. per cwt
Old ditto —s.-.s.—"s—fine--a
New Itibgrass —s —4 -6-hilt! —s
Old ditto —ls -,,s'—s,;lltte:4l,l* •
English Carraway Seeds
Foreign ditto -*ft ..:--s.—s—fine —it
Coriander d 0...., Os Od 9s tOs-,6ne.10,-
St.Foin....per qt. 56s 60s—fine 6.51 :: •
Rye-Grass 24s 26s—hue 48s 341
Paey ditto —s —s
Linseed for feedithz . 34s 4.45.4ne48
Ditto, fot crushing . —s —s—fine —s-
Canary Seed 82s 68---=fine 92s
WhiteMnstard Seed.. per bushel Bs 9s—tine I 0 6'
Brown ditto
Turnip Seeds 9s 16s.0d—fine —3
'l' arcs
Rape Seed ....per last -