The Sun.
London, England, 1822-04-10 00:00:00

DISCOVERY OF ANTIQUITIES.

•
GENEVA.--The discovery of several antiquities
recently made in our neighbourhood is interesting. On
Monday, the 26th of November, Laurent Desmarets, a miller
of Crassi, on the little river Syon, at St. Genic, and his work-
man Pierre Dunant, found several objects of antiquity, which
they brought to me two days after. On the Thursday I went to
the spot with Professor Gander, and the following are the parti-
culars which we collected, after having caused the ground to be
again dug up and examined in our presence. Laurent Desma-
rets intending to level his garden, had removed the earth on one
side to the depth of about a foot, and having worked with a pick-
axe on the same side, near his mill and the high road, he found
at the depth of ten or twelve inches a wall of stones and red
bricks, of which I have brought away some fragments, and of
mortar much decomposed. lii this wall there was a kind of
vase or pot of copper in a very bad condition, and in this pot a
wrapper composed of two plates of silver joined together by a
great number of very small silver nails. This wrapper con-
tained—

1. A Patera of silver, with ornaments on the handle, and a
kind of carved lid, the whole weighing nine ounces. On this
lid are the words " Victor and Regina," rudely traced with a
metal point.
2. Two women's necklaces of fine gold, weighing about 1 oz.
1-3 d oz.
3. A gold pin, representing a flower with a small garnet in
the middle.
4. A woman's silver bracelet, weighing 14 oz. It is elastic,
accommodating itself to the size of the arm.
5. Five strong silver rings, weighing 3i ounces each.
6. Two silver stiles, made probably for writing on tablets of
wax, each weighing two-thirds of an ounce ; at the end oppo-
site the point they have a kind of spatula, fit for effacing the
writing. _ _

7. Several elastic silver rings in the form of a twined serpent,
and one ring not elastic, with an engraved stone, representing
a Genius or Victory.
8. Nails, rings, and other articles of silver, of different sizes.
9. A bronze coin of Julia Domna, the wife of Septimus
Severus, surrounded by a circle of worked silver, and attached
by a silver ring to a silver thread, bent circularly so that it
might be suspended as an ear-ring or other ornament.-
10. Lastly, 216 coins of Roman Emperors, of which three
are of gold (one of Galba), twelve or thirteen of bronze, and
about 200 of silver, of Vespasian, Domitian, Trojan, Adrian,
Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Septimus Severus, Julia
Domna, Caracalla, Plautilla, Heliogabalus, Alexander Severus,
Maximin, Pupian Maximus; but above all, of Gardian 111. ;
Philip the father, and Philip the son, Otacilia Severn, Dccius,
'Frebonian Gallus, Volusian and Valerian the father. The
gold coin representing Galba struck under the reign of this
Emperor, in the 68th year of our era, though he reigned only
seven months, is in perfect preservation.
. These coins serve to determine the time when the whole were
buried. The last Emperor whom they represent is Valerian,
who ascended the throne at the end of the year 225 of our era.
It is extremely probable that it was a short time after that a
Gallic or Roman family took this precaution against the rava-
ges of the barbarians ; it was, in fact, in the year 254 that the
Franks and Germans desolated Gaul in the most cruel man-
ner.

That soul of‘whim and originality, CHARLES NIATHEws,
accompanied by Noble Lord of acknowledged taste, paid a I
visit during Passion-Week to Stratford-upon-Avon, for the
purpose of fixing upon a plot of ground on which to erect a
monument to the memory of our.beloired SHAKSPEARE. New-
place, where the Poet's house stood, is said to be fixed up'bn ;
and CHAN TRY is the artist.

A Quarterly Meeting of the Managers of the
Ramsgate Saving Bank, took place on Thursday,
the 4th of April, when it appeared, that from its
commencement in Nov. 1818, 16,0391. 19s. 61d.
had been received from, and 5,0621. 6s. 61d.
repaid to 462 depositors, leaving a balance of
11,0271. 135.,0f which latter sum 11,0051.171.62 d.
was invested. The increase in the quarter just
expired, was beyond all precedent, amounting to
2,4541. 7s. 31d. and 56 new depositors.

MANCIIESTER TRANSACTIONS.

LANCASTtR, 111017 DAY, APRIL 3.

FOURTH DAY.

• REDFORD. V. R1414,EX AND OTHErt3.
inOthing, a few minutes after eight o'clock, Mr. Justice
•:-Plornotia entered the Court; the names of the Jury were
4144 over, and.. ti proceedings in the case of Redford v.
tiael• aid others were resumed.
-16hrt Moore examined by Serjeant litmaococ.—l was one
- fA the chief constables .of Manchester in the month of August,
.4s; Hunt entered Manchester by the Stockport road ; the
erest of the intended meeting was felt for some time before it
sock place, insomuch that the Manager of the Theatre was re-
-s.aasted to close it ; the town was altogether unsettled; refresh-
enet'eould only, be obtained with difficulty ; a week before the
is the case was the same, and all this was owing to the
expected visit of Mr. Hunt ; the theatre was attempted to be
kteed open, although placards were circulated that it would be
eksied ; many excesses Were committed by the mobs who con-
::; sally assembled in different parts of the town ; and altoge-
deo., from January until August, our attention was principally
'-gagged about the proceedings of the people, within 12 miles
!oda • we felt great alarm from the state of the public mind ;
:hoed it could not be otherwise from the means taken to de-
hide the ,people, according to my opinion. Many attempts
Neve made to force otrr doors, without success ; from January,
enitl August the duties of my office had increased ; we attri-
hitt% that increase to the discontented state of the working
-16.saes ; my attendance at the police office was almost continual
'aring that time ; we had opportunities of knowing the state
ti the public mind about Rochdale, Oldham, Ashton, Bury,
Bolton, Middleton, and Stockport ; these places are all within
e 12 miles of Manchester; we had communications from those
t• ang es from the most respectable individuals ; we were anxious
to be correctly informed, and therefore made those inquiries ;
we heard of the training some weeks before the 16th of Au-
gust ; I saw the advertisement for the meeting of the 9th of
August, soon after it was published ; we had information of
drilling before the advertisement of which I have spoken ; I
toctived information from various places. In consequence of
the information thus received, my duties became almost in-
tolerable but still they were essential for the preservation of
the public tranquillity. The responsibility became so great,
that we begged of those gentlemen who before filled certain
cffices to assist us, and form themselves into a committee,
and they complied with our request. These persons were
of the -first consequence and character in the town of Man-
chester. The committee were men of large property, and con-
sisted of at least sixty or seventy. It was an open committee,
• chosen and appointed some time between January and August.
iFemetimes they met daily, at the Police-office, and sometimes
they were convened by the Borouglireeve and Constables. They
so met in consequence of the great burthen which was thrown
Upon our shoulders ; every measure we subsequently adopted
hotel their concurrence; and we acted on no measure which was
not necessary to preserve the publiepeace; from all I observed,
a visit from Mr. Hunt was likely to endanger the peace of
the town ; I did not see him on the 9th of. Augost ; on the 16th
of August we felt it right to take every precaution for the pre-
servation of the peace, and of course I had frequent communi-
cations with the Magistrates; that resulted from the nature of
my situation ; I communicated all the information I received
• to-the Magistrates from time to time; I believe they knew all
that I previously knew on the morning of the 16th of August
the Magistrates were of Cheshire and Lancashire, ten or twelve
-of whom were appointed as a committee, and assembled to my
-own knowledge from time to time; these gentlemen came from
:a distance, and I think they met almost daily ; of these Gentle-
men, some lived in Yorkshire, some in Cheshire, and some in
remote parts of this county ; the meetings of the Magistrates
were entirely owing to the state of the public mind, in and about
Manchester; I went to the meeting of the 16th of August,
aheoteleven o'clock ; the Special Constables were men of con-
siderable respectability, and amounted to between 3 and 400;
many of them came voluntarily forward. The Magistrates
assembled at Mr. Buxton's house before eleven o'clock, and
they expressed a wish to keep up a communication with a cart,
which was afterwards used .as a hustings. In order to effect
that, we had two lines of constables about two yards asunder.
--In the first instance they reached the cart ; the communica-
tion was subsequently interrupted, but I did not see it take
place ; I went to Buxton's house, and during that time the in-
terruption had taken place, in consequence of the intervention of
a great body of persons I endeavoured to restore it; I could not
do it without creating•ill blood, and avoided it; I begged the
people to make way, on which occasion I showed my staff of
office ; all my efforts were directed to preserve the public peace.
.1 saw Hunt arrive, and went_ to an upper room in Buxton's
;loasise to see how he would he received. Ile was tePeived by
i_remendous shouting, . and az a person who had unbounded
influence over those assembled. The car in which he came was
~i.arounded by a vast multitude, and those who were assembled
nave: way in ordcr.to let him reach the hustings. Colours and
owners were 'then displayed near the hustings. Very shortly
efier Hunt's arrival I was sent for by the Magistrates, and
.Mien I got to their room I found a warrant was issued, which
believe was in the hands of Nadin. Mr. Hulton (the Chair-
roan) took it.froni Nadin and gave it to me.—[The warrant
s‘aa handed to the witness, and he said he believed it was that
wbich was issued.]—l left the room with the warrant. Mr.
NidinhMr.Andrew, and the Borouglireeve were in the room
Vik he:l I went in. In my judgment, it would have been im-
Vite-doable to execute the warrant without the aid of the mili-
.naty ; that was my judgment at the time, from the appearance
trthings. We want down stairs, and the Boroughreeve mount-
ltorseand placed himself on-the left of the Yeomanry,
-W4,a• had at that time come up ; Major Trafford comrarnded
:t4.dztroop, but I don't remember seeing him at that moment,
Saw him on the field after. I -requested the Borough-
rativn..h.otiismohnt, as I was afraid we could not keep up with
ohi-serrif he remained on horseback •'•he dismounted, and we
ta-p yid on. When we came near thediustings, in consequence
isdthe extending of the cavalry outwards, there was a great pres-
`wade of the crowd, and I was thrown down, and remained so
-fazia short time. •I was thrown down by the pressure of the
i.roard-in' the:first instance ; 'I think a minute or two must have
eiviaed before I waa.able to get up; I hail not seen any of the
c.stsiirystrike at the people up to that time; if any thing of that
sort had place near me I must have seen it, but nothing
St 'the ,sort occurred. The warrant was in Natlin's custody
at'this time ; 'was thrown down a second time by one of
titealfitli Dragoons. The warrant was then executed. From
withat I saw that incening I considered the town to be in very
irontrhient•danger ; the crowd under the direction of Hunt was
veil much calculated to endanger the public peace on that
•I was entirely engaged on the field on the 16th ; we had
between3oo alai 400 special constables there. The aid of the
gailitiry .Y 73.3 absolutely necessary, as the civil power was un-
equal to the task.
Cross-examined by Mr. Br.t_cErAi N am not in any
'trade:; •I was a gentlernm residing at-Manchester at that time ;
▪ -don't •live there uow. We requested the proprietor of the
th4s.-tre to shut it up that night, and he did so ; we undertook
to. get the bills, sae-tin-1 that there would he no play, posted up,
hut I saw metre m'ysett ; my duties in the Police-office after
4antrarrbecame very irksome; we were frequently obliged to
'sit up all night ; I was frequently at the Police-office ; I was
Pat-there iirlmmlittmt 'mine tojnquire whether there was any
eissiae•against-him. I was at Buxton's, having been unwell
nut the :fatigues of office. When we formed the double line
stl tonstables there was only one cart on the ground ; I saw two
afterwards. I don't think the second cart had arrived when I
liactthe interruption of the.line of constables take place. I
Should think that the interruption took place. The line of
(*stables still continued, I should think to within ten or twelve
ifirds of the hustings ; I believe there was a shout at the com-
p/sir-of tath party ; I-believe Hunt came only with one party ;
his :carriage came slowly on the ground ; as it approached the
•aopk -they gave way to let it pass ; I think the warrant was
f4s4 in Alitdin's .hands; I think he was the first of the con-
starts : -the-cavalry were a very little before us ;• we endea-
v6tirdd to ' keep- hi line with theni • I won't swear that Nadin
Withdrew- the line of constables before this. When I rose after
efirst- time of being Mocked down,the cavalry had surround-
ed:Abe hustings-; between my first fall and my second I was in
-Anil a state-as no: to be able to see what was-passing around me ; I
*is; I should think; 20 yards frtim the Iniatings'when I first fell;
kiselieve Captain Birley led hp the cavalry ; 1 did not know
fdesigher ; there was a erumpeter there ; Mr. Withington was
akin there ; I don't knotv the number of yeomanry present on
that day.
Re-examined.--Orders were -given to print the play-bills,
sad put them up with all diapatch. I was not at the Police-
a4 Oldie WI. Was 'a6aid that unless I retired a few
410 'I alioijlet be unable to be at the Ace on the 16th ;
istoluEl pbt 'lave returned • 'to soda 'hitt -for `-the 'Meeting ; I
it/et tettember Seeing -Kr. Vithingteat wilt ' that ' troop on
tl4& It.
Ifli..,ll6SephNidin•eitiminedby Serjeant Caoss.-4 was the
Peputy Constable at the time those-transactions Of the:l6th of
'lolft.usteeittnted,- did had been for tear twenty years before ;
Lase slate retifod from the offite of .Deputy ,Constable ; but
tAtri ; I reciAleef the niri*Or. tturit in Jtin.
• ;'t fotifidttheltilien itiOre treifttibitt than' usual during' the
Asek he *aid tbOre teithOeone time or other.. ,the day there
Oat somewhat to-do about him ; was. at the„theatre onenight ;
rire WasyaratirbancetliLle6y'Hunt ;;Tobit'son and Chapman.
ilfereWith ?Arno
-ba tlitevi* ere to he ~stigaeit;
Egtt; atk- Ode. itinr ge;*na Wto returned
. I
" again ; • from- Jatimaryi
e der *eb. • vitat.a.4*.rn— _4l4olool'Auglikt;
'11146, r,i'ltittlitie**l6ol4 thtte
• were from there-b;0140,41101410.**te: Vivre t tat
were statioii&l. " SVPaer-Y4e4`.1.7 a stale' ; Imo'

up and down between them frequently before Hunt came.—
They were near the hustings until the black flag came,_ and
then there was a considerableruih, and they were separated a
good way from the hustings ; I observed them linked together
"before the black flag came, they linked together more after it
came ; two or three of the people were poorly, and I saw them
unlink to let those persons- out; they were linked arm in arm.
When I got the warrant, I should think they Were linked ten
Or twelve deep round the:hustings. When I was in the line of
constables the Reformers came to look at us ; they said,
". that's Joseph ;" others said, " he is great guts, he has
more meat in hs belly than we have." Another set said,
" this is the black mob." I took it that they alluded to the
constables. Another set said, " they have very good coats on
their backs—better coats than we have." I saw a man enter the
crowd with a roll of papers ; when he entered they unlinked : he
appeared to be going towards the front of the hustings ; I thought
I would-follow him, and see what he was about; I went on seve-
ral paces, and somebody said, " a spy." I had then passed some
who were linked ; as soon as the word " spy" was mentioned,
they stopped the men ; I was following ; he did not go any
further ; some one in the crowd said " it is Joseph." Some one
repeated, " lower down, knock him down, and keep him down,"
or " put him down and keep him down," I can't recollect which.
I then went back- As they marched on to the ground, I saw
some sticks, and some large ones too. From all I had seen
that morning, I did not deem it practicalle to execute the war-
rant without military aid ; I durst not attempt it from the re-
ception I received a few days before that. The Boroughrceve,
two or three beadles, and myself, went to New Cross, (We had
sent two men to put up bills ; I don't know for what) ; we
were told that our men were in the house, and that the mob
were stoning it. When we got through the mob, a shower of
stones came upon us. Mr. Moore and Mr. Clayton got away ;
I could not get away so soon, and myself and the beadles were
stoned down Oldham-street. We met Mr. Moore and Clayton
bringing the military to our assistance. What I saw then con-
vinced me of the impracticabilityof executing the warrant, with-
out the military. Mr. Hulton, I believe, gave me tte warrant,
and I said that it would be out of our power to execute it without
the aid of the military. After I got the warrant, I went to-
wards the hustings the first ; I went along the line of special
constables to where the crowd was; I before that wanted to get
in to hear what was saying about knocking down their ene-
mies, but I could not get into the crowd. I think it was Hunt
who used the words. I could tell that the people were linked
between the constables and the hustings, because they swayed
backwards and forward in a uniform way, which those who
were unlinked did not. I returned to the house, and the Man-
chester Yeomanry come ' • I drew the special constables back to
the house before the cavalry advanced ; I did so to enable the
cavalry to advance ; a stone came from a house where there were
some Quakers, and fell among the constables ; I followed the
military down ; I did not go with Moore and Andrews, they
started before me ; my being behind gave me an opportunity
of observing how the military conducted themselves in going
towards the hustings ; I did not see them cutting the people
with their swords from right to left, as they went along ; I did
r not see them cut at all with their swords ; if they had done so
in
going to the hustings, I must have seen them ; 1 took the
ringleaders into custody ; I was most in the habit of taking
persons into custody.
Cross-examined----It was after I got the warrant that I drew
the constables : I shouted out ; I heard that one constable was
trod to death near the hustings, until the cavalry reached the
place where the people were linked together. They were all
before me ; I think that was 20 yards from the hustings. There
was an immense mass round the hustings ; it was the largest
crowd I ever saw in Manchester ; they were mostly men ; I
can't swear that I saw 100 women, but I saw some ; I went
back to the Magistrates ; Captain Birley commanded the
troops ; either he or the trumpeter (Meagher) went first ; I did.
not see Lieutenant Withington on the field that day ; I never
knew Oliver until I saw him in this town ; I don't know where
Mr. Moore and Mr. Clayton were; I think Mr. Andrews
took Johnson from me after I had pulled him off the hustings ;
I kept the warrant in my possession ; I did not give it to
Captain Birley.
Mr. Justice HOLROYD—It was not directed to Captain
Birley ?
"Witness—No, my Lord ; I kept the warrant until I gave
Hunt and others copies of it; I don't know the people were
fed ; some of their coats evere very bad ; when I heard the
word " spy" 1 turned back ; the shower of stones at New-
cross did not knock me down ; they made me black in several
Iplaces ; some of them were as large as a man could throw ; if
they had hit me on the head, perhaps I should have gone ; I
saw one of the Reformers hit with a stone.

Mr. BLACKBURNE—Then there were many Reformers at
Manchester ?

Mr. Nadin—Yes, a great many, too many.
Mr. BLACK]SURNE—YOU and Mr. Serjeant Cross were of
opinion that there were too many Reformers ?
Serjcant HuLLocx—Serjeant Cross did not say any such
thing.
Mr. BLACKBURNE-I beg your pardon, he did so express
himself.
Re-examined—We went into a house from the crowd.

Serjeant CRoss—You went into a house for shelter ?
Mr. BLAcxnu ItNE-I beg your pardon, the witness did not
say for shelter—you
.put words in his mouth. '
Examination continued—l was very ill ; we were followed,
and we ran as hard as we could to get away ; I can't say that
all the special constables came back to Buxton's house ; I don't
know the number who came back. _ . _

Mr. Peter Statham examined—l am a drysalter, and reside
at Collyhurst, near Manchester. I was in the employ of
Schlessinger and Co.'s, Manchester, on the 6th of August.
I then resided at Hardwick, near Manchester. I came into
town about half-past eight on that morning; my business led
me to call at several warehouses in different parts of the town ;
I had, by that means, an opportunity of seeing-what was going
on ; I saw a body of men, about 3,000, in Oldham-street,
about eleven o'clock ; I saw a black flag, with a bloody dagger
on the top ; I saw people with very large sticks, much larger
than those generally used in walking ; most of them were
sharpened at the end, and shod with iron ; no business could
be done at our warehouse on that morning, nor could I trar pact
any business at the warehouses I went to; the people appeared
very much alarmed; 1 went to St. Peter's-field about twelve
o'clock on that day; I took my station opposite Mr. Bukton's
house ; I saw a line of constables from Buxton's house up
to the locking of arms ; a large body of men had their
arms locked round the hustings ; when Mr. Hunt and his
party came on the ground he was received with a shout
of triumph ; I was , much alarmed, and feared the con-
sequences of such a meeting ; many of the constables were
much alarmed, expressed themselves so ; I heard seve-
ral of the persons use many insulting words to the con-
stables ; I saw the Yeomanry arrive ; the special constables
opened right and left to let them go to the hustings ; I saw the
Yeomanry advance towards the hustings ; the mob shouted as
if in defiance of them; I observed the mob throw stones from
both sides ; I saw them have their arms locked ; I was rather
elevated above them. As the Yeomanry were advancing to
the hustings, the people struck their horses with their sticks,
and stones were thrown at them from, both sides. As the Yeo-
manry got nearer to the hustings, the mob closed behind them,
and the throwing became more violent; I did not see the Yeo-
manry strike any person as they advanced, and I must have ob-
served it if they had done so, from the situation in which I
stood ; when the Yeomanry got to the hustings the mob began
to disperse, and I followed them ; 1 saw the trigger and but-
end of a pistol in the pocket of one of the mob ; it would have
been madness to attempt executing the warrant without the aid
of the military.
Cross-examined by Mr. Evaxs—Schlessinger and Co. my
employers, were shippers; I bought and sold goods for them,
and had the management of making invoices ; I had none of
the sticks in my hand, but I saw many hundreds ; I won't swear
they were all larger than walking-sticks; I saw, however, many
hundreds which were larger ; most of them were sharpened at
the end, and shod with iron about as thick as my finger; I ex-
amined the sticks, my attention being attracted to them by the
noise they made on the flags ; I swear the dagger I saw re-
presented a bloody dagger ; I am now a dry salter, with a part-
ner ; I saw most in front of the hustings linked, and I was ex-
tremely alarmed ; when the Yeomanry advanced I retired to
the Quaker's Chapel ; the cavalry surrounded the hustings be-
fore I so retreated it appeared to me that the constables di-
vided right and left to let the cavalry pass, and that I swear ;
I was about five or six yards from the Yeomanry ; I was
then fifty yards from the hustings : I was looking towards the
hustings as the Yeomanry advanced, being placed about mid-
way between Buxton's house and the hustings, towards Wind-
mill street ; I don't know Mr. Gregg. The stones increased
when the mob closed upon the rear of the Yeomanry—when
they went among the locked people; I can't tell if they took
the stones off the field, nor did I see whence they got them ; I
saw the mob strike the cavalry horses as they were advancing, I
being then at a distance of thirty yards from them.
Mr. George Brown examined—l am a merchant at Man-
chester, and attended at St. Peter's-field on the morning
of. the 10th' of August. In
.consequence of the directions I
received, I placed myself within about six yards. of the cart,
in the first instance. Thateart was afterwards removed back
from five to 'stir . yards.; and also from the' line of consta-
bles. The. cart' being removed, I heard an order given by
a person of the name of Swift, to link arms, 'and to stand
firm. After-that there was . a very, great pressure, and I was
closed in py those who were linkW. The pressure Was between
the duiltables srrd thosewho werajoeked. There Wat very greit
Er:ss, ‘Fc'.,PZA constables 441. back-.they did net fall
bw4441.0' their'grouPd :I was within one nian
Of the hustings, being a speci4 -coasts*. The body of coo.
stables did 1144:etytilerel*theY 'vere formed in o-roir. It
myselfi~s9' only and few. ohe`a "WV
were of course separated froin the rest. A gteat many between

me tail the congtablca were linked, by which mean* 1 wag- cut
off from the body of them. The linking was done to preserve
the hustings from the constables. The linkings extended to
ten or twelve yards or more, but being near the hustings, I
could not well judge. I was near the hustings when Hunt ar-
rived ; there was a most newt-Wong shouting. I heard Hunt
speak of the all-powerful right which the people had to as-
semble for the purpose of petitioning ; he made a very long
speech. I heard him say, If the enemy showed any symp-
toms against them that they were to put them down, to quiet
them, and keep them down." In answer to this, two men who
were linked said each to the other, " I reckon. mon, he means
we mun kill 'em." To which the other replied, "Aye, to be sure,
you fool, he does." I saw the Yeomanry approach, when Mr.
Hunt said to Johnson, "They are always in disorder." And
when the Cavalry formed in front of Buxton's house he (Hunt)
pointed with open hand at them, and said, " There is a pretty
sight for you Mr. Hunt then desired the men to be firm.—
As soon as the cavalry had formed, he said, " Let us give them
a shout or cheers," I can't tell which. Three several loud
shouts then followed, Mr. Hunt waving his hat, with Johnson
and others. As the Yeomanry advanced, nothing offensive was
done, except the men who were linked together, saying, " Be
firm, stand fast." They then turned about and faced the cavalry,
and I turned with them ; the cavalry were advancing, and the peo-
ple's sticks were endeavouring to keep them off; at that time I
should suppose the cavalry were nearly 30 yards from the hust-
ings ; the men or inob, were striking to prevent their approach to
the hustings ; I saw a great number of stones directed against
the constables and the cavalry, just as the latter so approached ;
pieces of brick were also thrown, which I noticed particularly ;
I supposed that to be the case at the time; the constables were
distinguished by holding up their truncheons ; as the yeomanry
advanced there was a great and tremendous bustle, and those
men who were in locked arms appeared to get in the rear
of the constables, who were acting with the cavalry ' • and at
that period there were more stones thrown ; then I had seen
stones throwing at the first advance, and I was myself knocked
down by a stone or a brickbat. It was some time before I
could recover ; and before the approach of the Yeomanry, a
man threatened to knock me down with a stick ; I prevented
the blow by striking the man just under the elbow,. The man
who struck me was one of those whpm I heard to use the ex-
pressions I have already mentioned : he stood before me : this
was not more than two minutes after Hunt told them to " keep
them down." Those who were linked arm in arm in the rear of
the cavalry, and the cavalry being interrupted, began to make
way ; they hit the men with the fiat side of their swords, spurred
their horses on, and got round the hustings. To my certain
knowledge the Yeomanry did not act in this manner until
they were assaulted by the mob. I saw thousands armed with
sticks, some of which were very large, and exactly of the same
description I saw used against the heads of the cavalry horses.
After the meeting was dispersed I saw a great many sticks on
the ground—many hundreds. A great quantity of stones I
also saw. There was great hissing from the mob, as
well as from those who were on the hustings, as the ca-
valry approached. I had been a special constable two years
before the meeting, and as it approached, I felt very great
alarm ; I consider Manchester was that day in very imminent
danger ; at that time I had a warehouse in Manchester, which
I ordered to be closed at half-past 10 o'clock, in consequence of
seeing the people jest then coming in in such large bodies ; in
Cannon-street and High-street that apprehension generally pre-
vailed ; these are two of the principal streets for warehouses in
Manchester ; other warehouses were also closed, but I cannot
speak as to numbers ; a general suspension of business took
place on that day.
Cross-examined.—l resided that day at N 0.32, Brazen-nose-
street, and now live at No. 5, Princess-street, in Manchester.
My warehouse was at No. 15, High-street ; I was not more
than three yards from the hustings when I was hemmed in by
the people ; I made a memorandum of what I said ; kept it by
me for six months, and, not knowing it would be wanted, I de-
stroyed it ; the people on the hustings had the best means of
observing what occurred on the- field ; I could hear what Hunt
said very distinctly ; I put down what Hunt said—" to put the
enemy down, quiet them, and keep them down." The cavalry
might be about twelve yards from the hustings when I saw the
people use sticks as well as stones; some of the stones were as
large as my fist ; its short, they were all sizes ; there were brick-
bats amongst them ; there were a great many spectators who
took no part in the proceedings ; I did not see where the people
got the stones, though I did the direction from which they
came ; it was from Windmill-street • I did not see the Yeo-
manry cut down a single individual with the sharp edge of
their swords ' • when the cavalry surrounded the hustings, I
was hemmed in very near them ; I was pressed forward with
the crowd towards Windmill-street ; 1 can swear I saw no
one cut.

......
Mr. EvANs.—Will you swear you believe there was no one
cut ?

- .
Wuness.—l saw no one cut.

Mr. Sergeant HuLLOCIC.—I object to that—the witness's
belief can be no evidence.

Mr. EVANS—I beg your pardon. His Lordship hasallowed
you to ask many witnesses as to their belief about alarm. He
permitted you to ask those questions; but we are not allowed
to do so. I contend it is evidence.

Mr. Justice HOLROYD—I say it is not, and I am astonished
to hear such observations coming from a Gentleman of the bar.
It is singular you cannot see that in one of the issues the pre-
valent opinion of alarm is mentioned and mainly relied on ;
why then not hear evidence to support that issue ?

Virm. Hulton, Esq. examined—l am a Magistrate, and was
so in August 1819. I was elected Chairman of the Committee
of Magistrates when that Committee was appointed. A Gene-
ral Meeting of them took place at the July Quarter Sessions.
All the Chief Magistrates of the district attended ; it was unu-
sually numerous, occasioned by the disturbed state of the coun-
try. That state of the country was the only topic of our con-
sideration. There was not the slightest difference of opinion
between us on that subject. It was then considered necessary to
appoint a Committee, and one was appointed immediately, of
which I was the Chairman. The Committee was deemed
necessary to provide for the peace of the country, and the
safety of the inhabitants. As a Magistrate, I had opportuni-
ties of knowing the state of the country ; I knew that in almost
every town and village there were Union Societies, conducted
by Committees, who corresponded with each other by means of
delegates. I should have added, there was a general panic
throughout the district, arising from those and other circum-
stances. In three or four days after the appointment of the
Committee, we commenced our measures—we were then eleven
or twelve. Before the 9th of August we had meetings from
day to day, and after that they varied ; but I won't be posi-
tive on that subject. We used the best means of acquiring
information from the adjoining districts, and that information
gave us a rapid increase of alarm for the public safety. We
then took the best means of preserving the public tranquil-
lity. We had the Requisition for the Meeting of the 9th
of August brought to us, and we forbade it. We had what
we thought positive information of the drillings which were
going on in the country, from various places, and from
gentlemen of the highest respectability. That informa-
tion undoubtedly increased our apprehensions for the public
peace ; similar apprehensions pervaded the people around,
of all classes and of all conditions. The new notice for the
meeting of the 16th of August was given a few days after that
of the 9th was put off, as being illegal. After we were apprised
of the intended meeting, the conferences of the Committee were
almost continual, and I myself, though living 12 miles from
Manchester, did not go home for several days before the meeting.
Other Magistrates attended the Committee late at night and
early in the morning ; Mr. Trafford and Mr. Tatton, I think,
attended all the time in town ; I understood that Mr. Hay per-
manently resided for some days in .Manchester before the meet-
ing. e were in constant communication with the authorities
' of Manchester, solely for the purpose of preparing for the meet-
ing of the 16th of August. A Committee, called the Commit-
tee for Public Safety, was formed by the inhabitants of the town,
with whom we were also in constant communication. That
Committee consisted of sonic of the most respectable people in
the town of Manchester--some of the most distinguished gen-
tlemen in the place. lam not aware of the number. We met
on the 15th immediately after church, when we made such re-
gulations as we thought necessary to meet an impending dan-
ger, and preserve the public peace on the following day. On
the 16th we assembled by nine o'clock at the Star Inn, and
about eleven o'clock went to Mr. Buxton's house, as it com-
manded a perfect view of the area on which the hustings were
erected. My impression is, there was one cart on the field at
the period of my arrival, andi that all the Magistrates were pre-
sent with me, except Mr. Trafford; when attracted by any
thing particular, I went to the window, and not otherwise ; a
declaration was handed to the Magistrates, signed by above
sixty gentlemen, stating their apprehension of great danger; it
was not sworn before me, but I certainly read it ; I am ac-
quainted with a great many who signed it; they aremen of the
highest respectability.

Mr. BLACKBURNE objected to the witnesses stating what
ether people said as to their alarm. They should be called to
prove it. We have no issue on which such evidence can be re-
ceived.
Mr. -EVANS—No evidence should be received which is not
legal. This is mere hearsay evidence.
'Mr. Justice HOLBOYD—If improper evidence be received,
it can be rectified elsewhere. My duty is to exclude all impro-
per evidence ; but I think the present evidence ought to be re-
ceived. The proof here is, that declarations of fear were made
to` the)Magistrates, which might be one of the reasons for indu-
Fing'them to. call in the military
_ in aid of the civil power. This
is not an option against the" Magistrates, but against some of
the Yeomanry ; and one of the questions here is, 'Whether they
acted in aid of the Magistrates or civil ,power? Another is,
Whether the meeting were or were not illegal. If the issues

can otherwise be shaped, the action should have been brought
within six months.

The Witness resumed—The declaration was put into my
hands some time before Hunt appeared upon the ground ; the
people marched on the ground in beautiful order, with music
and flags, and, in fact, in such order as could only result from
long previous preparation. This occurred more particularly
with those petsons who came up 14Iosely-street—l could not
distinguish from whence they came. I saw them come to the
square, then wheel, and they turned up to the hustings, each
party depositing their flags on or about them. I cannot
speak to the number. A great proportion of the men had
sticks. I mean of the crowd within our view. Such was
my impression then, and it is so now. I went to the
window, in consequence of the shouting that was set up on
Hunt's arrival. I never since I was born heard any thing
like it, and I hope 1 shall never see such a meeting again I
remember a warrant was filled up (the warrant handed to him).
This is the warrant, I know all the signatures, but that of Mr.
Sylvester; and I believe it is his writing. I sent for the Borough-
reeve, and before it was signed, Andrew and Nadin were in the
room. In the first instance, I gave the warrant to Nadin, tell-
ing him to serve it on Hunt, Knight, Johnson, and 11Ioor-
hoose. The warrant passed from my hand to his, but he said
he could not serve it; and I remember the conversation that
passed—" What ! said I, not with all those special constables ?"
i•

His answer was —.
Mr. BLACKBURNE—Imust object to the answer being given
in evidence. It was ruled by Mr. Justice Bailey, at York, that
the conversations with third persons could not be given, while
those third persons might be called.
Mr. Justice H OLROYD said, the cases were different; here
the excesses were not in question, while at York they were ; he
himself, as Counsel for Sir F. Burdett, had argued this very
point against the present Chief Baron of Scotland (Sir S. Shep-
herd), and the Court ruled against him. It had'been held by
Lord Chief Justice Mansfield, that a citizen, in taking upon
him the additional character of a soldier, did not put off his citi-
zenship, but was equally bound to interfere for the preservation
of the peace.
Examination continued—M y remark was—" 'What ! not with
all those special constables ?" The observations which I heard
from one of the boroughreeves and Nadin were such that I
durst not have taken upon myself the execution of that warrant
without military assistance ; and I am sure that all the other
Magistrates concurred with me in that opinion ; in concurrence
with all the other Magistrates present I wrote two letters, the
one to the Commander of the Yeomanry, and the other to Col.
L'Estrange the Commander of the Military in Manchester;
Mr. Trafford was the Magistrate appointed to attend the mili-
tary, in order that if unfortunately we were bound to call them
in, one of our body should be present; after mature delibera-
tion we had determined not to use the military until we found
that no other means were left us of preserving the peace of the
town ; I considered when I wrote the letters that the lives and
properties of the people of Manchester were in the greatest dan-
ger ; I took it for granted that the meeting at Manchester was
part of a great scheme in the district, of the existence of which
we had received the most undoubted information some time
before.—(Here a letter was shewn to witness.)
This is a letter which I wrote to the corps at Portland-street;
I did not then know the name of the officer who was stationed
there at that time • but it was the nearest military station ; I re-
member the arrival of a squadron of the Manchester Yeomanry;
they formed to the right of Buxton's house ; previously to this
I had a glass to look through; I saw the arrival of a second cart
loaded with planks; it drew up near the other; a considerable
number of persons, bareheaded, rushed upon both carts ; after
having moved them further from the house in which we were,
they filled up a space between the constables and the hustings ;
I observed the men who were bareheaded, but I do not say that
all at the meeting were bareheaded ; I saw them surround the
'hustings. I should wish to remark, that towards the Magis-
trate's house the people were not so dense as in other parts of
the field, and therefore a better opportunity was afforded of see-
ing what was going on. The impression on my mind then
was, that they were linked, eight or ten rows deep, and 1 have
since had no reason to change that opinion; my reason for think-
ing so was, that when the bodies came up to plant their colours
round the hustings, there was no additional pressure ; when
the cavalry formed in front of the Magistrate's house
there was tremendous loud cheering; the people faced round,
and waved their hats and sticks in the air ; I heard some
lihses, but 1 don't mean to assert that the hissing was by any
means general ; upon this the cavalry cheered and waved
their swords ; I saw the cavalry advance ; I saw either An-
drews or Moore join them, but I can't say which ; 1 pursued
them with my eye towards the hustings ; I observed them as
nearly to the hustings as possible ; there seemed to me to he
a general resistance ; I cannot swear that I saw any man or
horse struck, but there appeared to be a general resistance on
the part of the people ; I saw stones and brickbats flying,
and no reasonable man can doubt where they were intended
for; I beg ,to say, that this occurred when the Yeomanry were
near the hustings ; there were missiles of all kinds flying ;
among which there were sticks; this was just as they went up to
the hustings ; there might have been a considerable quantity
thrown which I did not see ; the space, if one could see any
thing like space in such a crowd, was closed up behind the ca-
valry as they advanced ; the mass of people had entirely sur-
rounded the cavalry by the time they reached the hustings; I
conceived the cavalry, amounting then only to sixty, and sur-
rounded by the mob, were in imminent danger ; they were
separated from each other by the intervention of parties of the
people ; I was induced by this to take other steps ; Colonel
L'Estrange arrived at Buxton's house with part of the 15th,
followed by a part of the Cheshire Yeomanry. Upon his
looking up to the window, and asking " What am I to do,"
or " hat are they to do ?" I said, " Good God, Sir, don't
you see how they are attacking the Yeomanry ? Disperse the
inOb." I felt that there rested upon me that responsibility,
that had I not done as I did, I should have been answerable for
the lives of the Yeomanry.
Cross-examined..—l was aware from information that there
were Corresponding Societies ; I was not aware that I could
suppress those Societies before the meeting was held.
[Left sitting at four o'clock on Monday.]

WARWICK ASSIZES.--lIIIPORTANT DECISION.

COMBINATION.
FARRINGTON V. LILLY AND ANOTHER.

This was an action against the defendants, Mr. Chas. Lilly
and John Cave, of Coventry, for enticing and seducing the
plaintiff's servants from his employment.

Mr. Serjeant VAUGHAN, in stating the facts of the case for
the plaintiff, as afterwards proved in evidence, said that he
did not seek exhorbitant damages ; the principal object of his
client was to suppress the combination of the ribband weavers
in Coventry, by whom a society had been formed for the sup-
port of those who refused to work far prices less than those
fixed for the various kinds of work by a list agreed to between
the masters and men in 1819. The defendants were described
as the Treasurer and Secretary of this Society ; the former, Mr.
Lilly, had at one time been a master ribband-manufacturer in
Coventry, but was now retired' from business and lived upon
his fortune. The plaintiff was a manufacturer, principally of
what are termed doubles and galloons ; he had not, however,
agreed to the list of prices. In consequence of this, his men
were enticed, or induced by intimidation, to quit his employ-
ment one after another, until at length he was unable to meet
the demands of his customers and London agents, who were
therefore compelled to make their purchases elsewhere. By
this means the plaintiff had sustained very serious injury, and
this injury was laid in the declaration as the ground of special
damage.
No evidence was offered by their Counsel, Mr. DENMAN, on
the part of the defendants.
In charging the Jury, Mr. Justice BEST thanked the plain-
tiff that he had had the nerve to resist the combination of which
the defendant, Lilly, had become the tool ; adding, that he de-
served the thanks of his fellow-townsmen for bringing this action.
The Jury, which was special, after consulting a few minutes,
returned a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages 501. ; costs 40s.

CORONER'S INQUEST.—Last night an Inquisition was
taken at the Grange Tavern, Carey-street, before GEORGE
Hia Gs, Esq., Coroner for Westminster, on the body of John
Smith, a sailor, who was found hanging from a lamp post in St.
Clement's church-yard, on Sunday morning last.—Verdict—
That the deceased laid violent hands upon himself, in a fit of
delirium, produced by despondency and melancholy.

EXECUTION.—(YORK, APRIL 6.)—This morning, at 101
minutes after 12, William Roberts, for highway-robbery, and
James Moseley, convicted of cutting and maiming, with intent
to murder, underwent the awful sentence of the law, upon
the drop, behind the Castle. After fervently joining in prayer
with the Ordinary, for about ten minutes, the last preparation,
was made, and they were launched into eternity. Whilst un-
der sentence, they received much attention from different well-
disposed persons, for which they expressed great gratitude.—
They appeared to die without a struggle.
The remains of the four unfortunate men who suffered on
Penenden Heath, on Thursday, as stated in our last, and
which about midnight on that day were brought to the houses
of their relatives in this city, were on Sunday evening con-
veyed in solemn procession from their late respective residences
to St. Mildred's church-yard, where all were deposited in one
grave. The bodies were preceded by a band of-singeri, chant-,
mg the 100th Psalm, followed by ,their relatives and friends,
and at iended by an immense concourse of spectators, on whom
the dayt.the hour, thetircumstance, seemedto conspire to
press a parser= of decorum, • milted with pity_ and regret for
the untimely end of the deceased. —(Kentish Gazette, April 9,)