The Sun.
London, England, 1849-12-05 00:00:00

THE SUN!

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY

The following memorial has been addressed to the
Lord John Russell, First Commissioner of the
Treasury, and the Viscount Palmerston, Principal
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs :
" We, the undersigned, desire to express to your
Lordships, and through your Loniships to the rest of
her Majesty's confidential servants, the deep interest
which we have taken in the contest which has been
recently carried on between the Hungarian nation
and the Emperor of Austria. Not less deep is the
interest which we now take in the final settlement of
the question at issue between them, and in the per-
manent pacification of that great country. Sincerely
attached to the liberties of our own country, the final
establishment of which is due to the successful termi-
nation of struggles analogous to those which have
been made from time to time in Hungary—with
equal sincerity desirous of maintaining the peace of
Europe, we are fully sensible of the great import-
ance that the settlement of the questions at issue
should be effected in a manner and•upon terms satisfac-
tory to the Hungarian nation, not only for the sake
of Hungary herself, but because we apprehend that
a settlement unsatisfactory to the country will sow
the seed of renewed discontent, may lead to fresh
local disturbances, and by the local disturbance of so
large an element of the European system, may en-
danger the tranquillity of the whole.
"The objects of the undersigned are, internal liberty
—national independence—European peace. For the
attainment of these objects we trust the Court of
Vienna will bear in mind that the satisfaction and
contentment of Hungary will afford the greatest
security. Considering, however, the means by which
the authority of the house of Hapsburg bas been re-
established, the undersigned are of opinion that the
occasion permits, even if it does not call for, the in-
tervention of Great Britain in counselling the Austrian
Government respecting the exercise of its restored
executive power. With respect to the mode and op •
portunity of interfering, the undersigned offer no
specific opinion, but we hope her Majesty's Govern-
ment will not shrink from suggesting to that of
Austria, that, since Republican France has abolished
capital punishments for political offences, it will not
be wise to allow a contrast to be drawn, unfavourable
to the clemency of monarchical governments.
" November, 1849.
FITZ WILLIAM.
NORTHAMPTON.
ZETLAND.
BEAUMONT.
KINNAIRD.
HATHERToN.
CONYNGHAM.
GOSFORD.
MONTFORD.
DUCIE.
RADNOR.
R. M. MILNES.
J. TOWNSKEND.
R. PRICE.
H. VERNEY.
T. S. DuzicomuE.
T. P. THOMPSON.
T. WARLEY.
T. SADLEIR.
P. S. BUTLER.
W. SCHOLEFIELD.
J. FERGUS.
R. A. SLANEY.
T. E. HEADLAM.
J. REYNOLDS.
E. K. TENISON.
M. SULLIVAN.
T. C. ANSTEY.
J. HEYWOOD.
F. MOWATT.
G. THOMPSON.
J. O'BRIEN.
J. KERSHAW.
H. SALWEY.
J. Locs.
W. COLLINS.
W. FAGAN.
F. P. DUNNE.
N. M. POWER.
T. M'CULLAGH.
J. G. MARSHALL.
D. J. NORREYS.

J. D. RAWDON.
J. WYLD.
S. C. H. OGLE.
C. PEARSON.
L. HEYWORTH.
J. CLAY.
H. A. AGLIONBT.
THE O'GORMAN Baum
B. M. WILLcox.
W. PINNEY.
A. E. COCKBURN.
H. M. Fox.
W. S. CRAWFORD.
A. HASTIE.
W. J. Fox.
J. T. WAWN.
J. PILKINGTON.
P. LOVEDEN.
W. HUTT.
W. EVANI.
T. SIDNEY.
B. Him,.
P. J. LOCKE KING.
J. MACGREGOR.
W. MARSHALL.
T. T. HoDGES.
J. WILLIAMS
T. A. MITCHELL.
C. COWAN.
E. N. BUXTON.
DUDLEY C. STUART.
DE LACY EVANS.
M. POWER.
W. EWART.
R. PERFECT.
M. FORSTER.
E. H. BUNEURY.
W. CLAY.
G. W. FITZWILLLILL
W. L. FREESTUN.
T. MILNER GIBSON."

THE FALSE RESPECTABLE.
(From _Eliza Cook's Journal.)
3 A restlessness in men's minds," says Sir William
Temple, "to be something they are not, and hare
something they have not, is the root of all im-
morality." This sentiment, if analyzed, will be
found strictly correct.
One of the most prominent vices of modern society
is, the aiming and struggling to keep up mere ex-
ternal appearances. This is the great social sin of
the age. There is a universal effort at seeming to be
something which we are not. We put on appear-
ances, clothe ourselves in shams, and try to look some-
thing superior to, or at least different from, what we
really are.
"Respectability" is one of our great aims. Now,
respectability, regarded in its true sense, is a proper
and most desirable thing. To be respected, on right
grounds, is an object which every man and woman is
justified in aiming at. To be respectable—literally,
worth looking at again, worth regarding and admiring
—this is all proper enough, and we do not find
fault with it. But what does " respectability"
mean in the modern-social acceptation of the
term? It means, wearing fine clothes, living in fine
houses, " keeping a gig." It looks to the outside, to
sound, show, externals. It listens to the chink of
gold in the pocket, and admires the polish of the
brazen face. Moral worth or goodness forms no part
of it. A man in these days may be perfectly "re-
spectable," and yet altogether despicable.
This false and demoralizing habit arises front the
overweening estimate which we form in this country
of two things well enough in their place—rank and
wealth. We all of us feel as if we belonged to some
rank or caste, out of which we are always struggling
to rise into some other above it. You find this spirit
of caste as: keenly at work among the humblest as
among the highest ranks. The linen-draper looks
down on the huckster, the huckster on the day-
labourer, the day-labourer has some one beneath him
too. Higher up in the scale of wealth and rank it
is the same. The man of acres despises the man of
cotton. How exclusive is Almacks ! not even all
titled men can have an entrée there.
It matters not at what class you begin, or howsoever
low in the scale ; you :will find that every man has
some class beneath him that be looks down upon.
Among the middle classes this exclusiveness is very
marked. Each circle would •think it a degradation
to mix on familiar terms with the members of the
circle beneath it. In small towns and villages, this
feeling assumes its most intense form. There you
find distinct coteries or circles, holding aloof from
each other, despising each other, and often pelting
each other with hard words.
And while every one has his or her own exclusive
circle, which all of supposed inferior rank are pre-
cluded from entering, they are at the same time
struggling to pass over the line of social demarcation
which has been drawn by those above them; they are
eager to overleap it, and thus gain admission into a
circle still more exclusive than their own. There is
a desperate scramble for front places, and many are
the mean shifts employed to gain them. We must
be "respectable," forsooth I We must possess the
homage of society I And for this purpose we must
be rich, or at least stern to be so. Hence the struggles
after style—the efforts made to put on the appear-
ances of wealth—the dash, the glitter, and the show
of middle and upper class life—the aping of aristo-
cratic manners and customs—the gaudy "gentility,"
and ",ton ;"—and hence, too, their motley train of
palled and vitiated tastes, of shrunken hearts and
stunted intellects, of folly, frivolity, and madness.

THE POOR NEEDLEW OMEN,

"Ho who allows oppression shares the crime."

TO 7'HE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,— Your generous opposition to the cruel system
which exists in a loudly-professing Christian land,
excites inquiry as to where the blame rests, or amongst
whom it is to he divided. Shall we apply it to the tribe
of " Moses and Son ?"—(I by no means confine this
allusion to "Jews," though I wish in any such
case the excellent Chief Rabbi would interfere—know-
ing that " Christians" are quite as bad)—or the reck-
less purchasing people, who care not at the price of
what misery they get unjustifiable cheapness? Or
divide it equally between them—degrading both—or
shaming them into whatever degree of conscience and
manliness they are capable of ?
These considerations, which are very pregnant, and
on which I may submit some further remarks, I re-
commend to the honest attention of yourself and your
readers.

I am, Sir, yours obediently,
A CAMBRIDGE MAN.

Nov. 28, 1849.

MANCHESTER TRADE REPORT, DSc. 4.—The
general character of the market to-day is that of ex-
treme quiatude, with a tendency downward. This is in
part owing to the non-arrival of the overland mail, now
over due, and partly to the inactivity and decline in the
Liverpool Cotton Market. Buyers hold off, and sellers
arc not willing to make those concessions which would
alone enable them to effect sales. The only exceptions
to this statement are in the narrower widths of shirtings
and the finer numbers of yarns, which maintain their
value, and for which there is a fair inquiry; but these
form inconsiderable items of the business here, and du
not invalidate the general characteristics of the market
to-day given above.
GRATIS VOYAGES TO LIYERPOOL.---A few hours
before the Devonshire steamed up to our quay, the old
company charged 7s. Gd. a head for passengers to Liver-
pool; but no sooner was the enemy descried in the dis-
tance than they struck their colours—down the freights
came. First to 2s. 6d.; then to 11.; then to 4d.; next to
2d.; and now, free
goes. We hav gratis for nothing," as the sa3ing
e steamers going to Liverpool now all
crowded. This thaw last year we bad but One.—
Waterford Nam

LONDON,

THE WELSH CHURCH.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sia,—Lianddewi Breti, in Caerdiganshire, was
the scene of that important s 3 nod which suppressed the
Pelagian heresy in the 13ritisli Ctiurch, and at which
the venerable Dubricius resigned his archiepiscopal
charge into the able hands or St. David. Gwynfardd
Brycheiniog, a bard of the 12. h century, sung the
praises of this place as the supreme of churches,"
and recorded that on one occasion St. David had
preached there to more than 7,000 persons.
In the 13th century, Bishop Beck transformed
Llariddewi Brefi into a collegiate church, which con-
tinued to answer its intended purpose until the ge-
neral dissolution of monastic establishments. Its
tythes then became lay property, the annual stipend
remaining for its incumbent being only 14/. a year,
previous to the augmentation of Queen Anne's
Bounty.
In the year 1697 this living was given to a Mr.
Rowlands, and on his death, in 1749, it was added to
the livings of Llangeitho and Nant-cwnlle already
held by his son, the Rev. John. Rowlands. The
three curacies were served for many years by
this poor pluralist's brother, the Rev. Daniel Rowlands,
whose licence to Llangeitho and Nant-cwnlle, at a
salary of 101. a year, bears date 173,5. This Daniel
Rowlands was a man of extraordinary ability, of ir-
resistible eloquence, and almost of apostolic zeal and
piety. lie found these parishes a neglected wilder-
ness of ignorance and sin, and with indefatigable
industry and indomitable resolution he prosecuted his
work as a Christian pastor, until he transformed them
into a centre cf instruction, and drew thither congre-
gations, which rivalled and surpassed even those of St.
David himself. Mr. Rowland's attachment to the
Church of England was durable as his life, and at-
tested on his dying bed; but a prelate who could
survey with indifference the moral destitution of his
diocese, and pass by, unrebuked, the apathy and de-
linquency of other clergymen, thought proper, about
the year 1763, to manifest his indignation against
the unpardonable offence of itinerating among a scat-
tered population, by depriving Daniel Rowlands of
his licence, thus effectually expelling him from the
Church of England, after he had executed his minis-
terial office for nearly thirty years with unparalleled
efficiency, and brought thousandsofyarnest Welshmen
into her communion. This Episcopal act produced
effects upon the Welsh Church, which can only be
justly estimated by comparing its present state with
that of the Calvinistic, or as they are commonly and
appropriately termed, the Welsh Methodists, most of
whom, but for that deplorable act, might even now, be
included within the pale of a popular and prosperous
Church Establishment.

The present condition of the large parish of Llan-
ddewi Brefi, of Llangeitho and of Nant-cwnlle, as
attested by Government authorities, exhibits, after the
progress of nearly a century, the merely local conse-
quences of that great Episcopal error upon the cure of
souls, once held by Mr. Rowlands. In the report of
the Commissioners of Welsh Education, appendix C,
p. 252, a table of the Sunday-schools of Ceerdigan-
shire, under the head of Llanddewi Brefi, details the
following particulars :
Established Church Sunday-school, number of scholars,
100.—Calvinistic Methodist Sunday-schools at
Abermeurig Chapel
Bethesda
Capel Gwnfil
Llwyn Groes
Venial
Soar
Showing that in that parish the Church has 100
Sunday scholars, and that the six Methodist Chapels
have 152 teachers, and 868 scholars, or, reckoned to-
gether more correctly as mutually teaching aad
taught, 1,020 Sunday-school attendants.
As regards the two other parishes served by the
Rev. Daniel Rowland; it appears from the table
above referred to, that the Church Sunday-school at
Llangeitho contains thirty-five scholars; and its
Calvinistic Methodist Sunday-school five teachers and
seventy-five scholars.; that there is no Church Sunday-
school at,Nant-cwnlle, and that the Calvinistic Metho-
dist school there contains twenty three teachers and
110 scholars. The Commissioners' note, at p. 171,
remarks as to this place, that " the school held on
Sunday in the Methodist Chapel is the only school
in the parish at present."
It may be right to observe here that the numbers
of Dissenting schools and scholars given in the Com-
missioners' Reports are generally thought in Wales
to be considerably under stated.
Out of a thousand instances of Episcopal misgo-
vernment, which have tended to degrade and ruin
the Welsh Church, I have thus selected one specimen,
to which no personal feeling can attach, because it
displays that utter want of sympathy with the tastes
and feelings of the people, that stern discouragement
of active piety, and that profound ignorance of human
nature in its Cambrian form, which have ever marked
distinctively, and still continue to mark, the Anglo.
Cambrian prelates of our unfortunate Church, o
which more in my next letter.
I am, Sir, &c.,
GORBONIAN.

ROCHDALE SA VIINGS' BANK.
TO THE _EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,--The trustees and the managers of Rochdale
bank for savings appear to have honoured themselves
with their title, and that's all ! If a simple necessary
precaution had been adopted by them the entire con-
sequence which has followed could not have happened.
The necessary safeguard would have been this :
For a trustee or a manager (both the better) to
have regularly attended on a bank-day and taken
charge of the " manager's journal," (for such there
ought to be). This journal, which contains both
receipts and payments, being cast up at the conclusion
of the day's business, would show the balance to be
paid over to the treasurer ; and it would then be ne
cessary that the trustee, or the manager, or both,
should see that the balance was paid into the trea-
surer's bands. No cheque should be drawn but by
a trustee or a manager upon the treasurer.
These necessary precautions having been adopted
and uniformly acted upon, no actuary, or any other
officer, could commit fraud. But it seems that at
Rochdale the actuary had sole control of the bank
affairs; not even a paid clerk as check—and, there-
fore a wide geld was thrown open to him.
Until trustees of savings' banks are made by law
responsible for frauds of this description, depositors
will have no solid assurance that their investments
are safe.

I am, Sir, yours, obediently,
Dec. 4, 1849. A PAID OFFICER.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sua,—l address you on the subject of the recent
execution, not with the view of keeping up the discus-
sion which Mr. Dickens' letter has originated, but
to suggest to him what I conceive to be a better
method than his own of turning " this dreadful ex-
perience to some account for the general good."
The eloquence of the picture he paints of the scene
is less to be admired than the low opinion he seems to
entertain of his fellow-creatures is to be deplored.
Mr. Dickens is a close observer, and a vivid delineator
of what is called the low life of London ; but if his
observations in other instances had led to no better
result than it has in this, much of it, I am afraid,
must have been thrown away. He finds fault with
the conduct of the mob, and well he may do so.
More or less it has always been disgusting, brutal,
and obscene, but does be imagine the abolition of
public executions will improve either its taste or mo-
rality ? I apprehend, ;Sir, that the beings whom he
denounces with so much emphasis, as having the
spirits of devils, though wearing the shapes of men,
would still be animated by the same morbid feelings,
the same vile passions that found vent upon this pain-
ful occasion ; but give me leave, Sir, to ask him this
simple question—Upon whom should rest the blame of
all this Mr. Dickens, lam sure, will not dispute
with me that the existence of a state of things which
admits of the vast majority of 30,000 people wit-
nessing the violent death of two human beings, not
only without pity but with absolute pleasures indi-
cates that there is something wrong somewliere. It
can hardly be the fault of these people themselves,
since their ignorance teaches them no better. The
costermonger who screams with delight at the exag-
gerated and sanguinary incidence of a Victoria
melodrama listens with impatience to the elegant
periods of a Haymarket comedy, and sees, without
emotion, a Sadler's Wells' tragedy; but it by no
means follows from this that he is devoid of that
innate faculty which, when properly developed,
enables men to enjoy and appreciate the more elevated
beauties of art. Now, may it not be so w ith these poor
wretches whose wicked behaviour has provoked the
natural, though warm, indignation of Mr. Dickens ?
The tainted atmosphere in which they live and
breathe renders them as callous to the awful example
of the violent end of a convicted murderer, as it
doubtless places them beyond the reach of the higher
walks of the drama ; and I cannot help thinking that
Mr. Dickens would render his country far more
service by directing his attention and abilities to the
purification of that moral atmosphere, rather than by
uselessly seeking to do away with a grim spectacle,
which, however dangerous and horrible it may be, at
least possesses this advantage, that it serves as a ba-
rometer to test the extent cf demoralization prevailing
amongst the lower grades of society. If Mr. Dickens
be really sincere in his wish to purge the metropolis
of elements that are as infamous to our common man-
hood as they are degrading to a nation boasting to
be the most civilized in the world, let him at once
lend the energy of his great mind, and the industry
of his powerful pen, to that small, but determined,
band of philanthropists who are seeking to extend the
moral education of the people, by agitating a removal ,
of all taxes upon knowledge, whether they be imposed
in the shape of an excised duty on paper, or the duty
on advertisements, or the tax on foreign books, or the
penny stamp on newspapers.
Far be it from me, Sir, to advocate an unlimited ,