The Sun.
London, England, 1849-04-07 00:00:00

NORTH. AMERICAN RAILWAY.
TO THE EDITOR OF TIIE SUN.
have much pleasure in forwarding the en-
closed memorandum, and in authorising you to state
that it has been; both graciously and favourably re-
ceived by Sir John Henry Pelly.
I am well aware that the columns of The:Sun:have
not uufrequently been used to convey sentiments in op-
position to the Hudson's;Bay Company, but the highly
favourable notice, you have considered it your'duty to
take of the project brought forward for,a!British Colonial
Railway from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, con-
vinces me that, in a question of such vast importance,
no recollection of any past differences will be allowed
to bias your judgment of present proceedings, and I
have no doubt, therefore, you will give full publicity
to the memorandum I now forward.
I cannot permit this opportunity to pass without
recording my grateful thanks for the warm support
this railway project has received at your hands; but
I must not dwell on this subject, lest it should seem
that it was the vanity of the author you have gratified,
and not his labours that had been encouraged.
I have the honour to remain, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
ROBERT CARMICHAEL SAIYTH.
Junior United Service Club,
March 30, 1849.

Major R. Carmichael-Smith presents his respectful
compliments to Sir John Henry Pelly, and in sub-
mitting to his favourable consideration the accom-
panying Memorandum, begs at the same time to be
permitted to return his sincere thanks for the kindness
and attention with which he has been received at the
Hudson's Bay House.
Major R. Carmichael
,Smyth is fully impressed
with the vast importance of the subjects on which
he has had the honour to be allowed to communicate
with Sir John Henry Pelly, but he is also equally
aware of his own humble position, as regards either
commercial or political matters ; and he cannot,
therefore, but feel the more grateful to those who,
forgetting this circumstance, are willing to consider
only, whether the project he has brought forward is
a practical one, and whether it may not be the means,
under Providence, of adding to the happiness and to
the glory of the industrious, intelligent people of this
great empire.
J. U. S. Club, Charles-street, Haymarket,
27th March, 1849.
" MEMORANDUM FOR THE CONSIDERATION
OF SIR JOHN HENRY PELLY, BART., IN
HIS CAPACITY AS GOVERNOR OF THE
HON. HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY.

"It is not proposed in this Memorandum to trespass
upon the valuable time of Sir John Henry Pella by any
attempt to enumerate the various important results that,
as a matter of course, would follow the accomplishment
of the long wished-for junction of the Atlantic and Pa-
cific Oceans; neither is it contemplated to dwell, even
for a moment, on the many beneficial consequences that
would naturally arise to the British Empire, should it be
ascertained, after a careful survey of the ground, that a
line of connexion, or practicable communication even of
a secondary nature, could be made throughout our North
American colonies and the Hudson's Bay territory.
"It is highly necessary that all these matters should
be frequently brought under the notice of the public, and
although there are many points upon which more de-
tailed information might be given, yet it would indeed
be mere idleness and waste of words to attempt to say
anything on such subjects to one who has so long and so
ably conducted the affairs, directed the energies, and guided
the destiny of a great and powerful company; and who
must have been consulted, and have taken part in the
discussions and treaties that have been entered into about
the Oregon question, and it stands recorded by a cele-
brated writer on colonial matters, that' but for the Ilud-
son's Bay Company England would have been shut out
from the Pacific.'

" This Memorandum, therefore, will, as:far as it regards
the Governor, assume a knowledge in a general way,
and, to a certain extent (that is to say, as far as the
wants of the servants and of the services of the Hudson's
Bay Company have up to this moment required), of the
degree of practicability of the several routes across the
Rocky Mountains. But as the project now brought for-
ward is one arising from the peculiar circumstances of
the present day,—from the great strides of practical
science,—from the many improvements afforded by lo-
comotive power for rapid communication and easy tra-
velling, as well as from numerous other causes;—it is
probable that the country of which we are now
treating may not have been examined, mach
less surveyed, nor even perhaps looked at
in a casual way, with a view to a permanent thorough-
fare for the commerce of the Colonies to the Pacific ;
still less, perhaps, has the thought of a railway ever en-
tered into the mind of those who, no doubt accustomed
to every hardship, have spent their lives in trading with
the Indians, and in hunting through wild districts to pro-
cure the furs which serve for the comfort and ornament
of those who are fortunate enough to live in the posses-
sion of every luxury.
"It is believed, that not until the very last moment
did the Hudson's Bay Company contemplate resigning
any portion of the Oregon, north of the Columbia ; and
that river was therefore considered as the natural outlet
for New Caledonia.

" Having thus touched upon all the preliminary points
connected with the proposed undertaking, and brought
the prf ject under the immediate notice of the Governor
of the Hudson's 11:y Company ; the great question of
the practicability, or otherwise, of a railway communi-
cation through the territories over which be presides
stands out prominently to view, the solving of which is of
course of the utmost importance to all those who, from
any cause whatsoever, wish for a safe, a rapid, and a
national communication with the Pacific Ocean, through
our North American provinces.
" Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Caandas are
at this moment most anxious and zealous in the cause ;
and it is humbly and respectfully submitted to Sir John
Henry Pelly, that the moment bus arrived when be can
materially assist in the endeavours about to be made for
a great national move to the West; and when the pres-
sure of population on subsistence in this country, toge-
ther with the anxious desire of all to improve the con-
dition of society by affording to every man wholesome
and permanent employment, will enable him to open
out the valuable territory of the Hudson's Bay Company.
" The object, then, of this Memorandum is to solicit
the good ogices of Sir John Henry Pelly, and to request
that he will use the influence his high position must
naturally give him to bring this matter under the favour-
able consideration of the Colonial Minister, urging the
importance of exploring and surveying parties being
sent out, as soon as the season would permit, to the seve-
ral points upon the proposed Line that he may consider
necessary ; and of fixing upon some spot on the right
bank of Frax2r's River, or any other point that may
appear more desirable, as a proper site for a Terminus
for the Pacific.
" A scientific and talented young officer, ono of the
Royal Engineer corps, whose mind has been engaged in
considering the manifold important results that would
follow a perfect and rapid communication through the
North American provinces, has already pointed to the
Rocky Mountains ; and it is not believed that there
would be any great difficulty in reaching some of the
passes through them from the Atlantic,—but the coun-
try between those mountains and the Pacific is of such
a nature, that, although the direct distance is compara-
tively short, a careful survey could alone decide the
point as to the practicability of descent, by railway, for
commercial purposes, to the waters of that ocean.
" ROBERT CARMICHAL SMYTH,
" Author of the Letter lately published on'this sub-
ject to the Author of the Clockmaker.'
" J. U. S. Club, Charles-street, Haymarket,
March 27, 1849."

COURT CIRCULAR.
WINDSOR, FRIDAY.
The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual walk
this morning in the Slopes.
The Royal Family took walking and pony exercise.
The Queen and Prince Albert, the Ladies and Gentle-
men of the Court, and the domestic household, attended
Divine service this morning in the private chapel of the
Castle. The Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Courtenay officiated.

Her Majesty the Queen Dowager, and ber Ladies and
Gentlemen in Waiting, attended Divine service yester-
day, in the Chapel Royal, St. James's.
Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening from the
Colonial office for the Governors of the North American
Colonies.

It is understood that an effort is to be made to gain
admission for reporters to the meetings of the guardians
of the Lincoln union; and that, should the request be
refused, one or two guardians who deem that the public
have a property in the knowledge of the transactions of
the board, will become voluntary servants of the public
in reporting the proceedings. That a great deal of the
long•maintained prejudice against the poor-law has
arisen from the secrecy with which the proceedings are
shrouded cannot be doubted. Mystery is repugnant to
the minds of the people of this country; and that which
is not done openly in the face of all, seldom obtains the
credit of being honestly and rightly done. Nothing is
so conservative of institutions as openness; and there is
nothing so revolutionary in its tendencies as unnecessary
secrecy.—Stamford Mercury.
GLASGOW.—THE WEATHER.—Seed-time,
o f Allth
seasons of the year, is regarded by the husbandaissonnwhias
the most anxious solicitude. So far as them:
already gone, it has on the whole been round urenaadt very
the seed has been deposited in the g
promising circumstances. The
nal,i'with a brilliant sun-
dtoaltsh3e.eftulelxPtiele-
ruisehnecreedd i inn
1849;by o n
aortmthe n most ogsindpi
abundance of mois-
ture, copious and
rersneunnt month was
shine. Since then we have
of rain. Yesterday forenoon was
drenching showers tut)! ruea,lsccahrcaer scarcely
characteristics
yti 71.
voifnatgvheep:sessesdo season,
dry and ,unny, but ere nightfall the torrents of rain that
hfefllhanddtiedprialuoctr„verdt=.,ofasthAe
p•r`itlinscier)twaeinrsgilloarvye
potent virtues, it would be unwise to complain of them
on the mere score of persmtil discomfort.—North British
NquayaliStaylNoGf
Mail.
swaTer 101
vrE
flowingN ESs. —The
smallness smla'lfilnEessSoAfLjile°
channel of the Ness has completely spoiled the salmon
fishing in the meantime. The season opened splendidly
for the rod, but the net has never been hauled, and now
both rod and net must " bide their time." It is a puzzle
to know where the fish have gone to, since the favourite
streams and pools have been converted into dry land.—
Inverness Courier.
PROLIFIC EwEs.—A few days ago six Leicester
ewes, the property of Timothy Fetherstonhaugh,
of The College, lilac:Alvah', produced 18 lamb&

YE PRELATE-LORDS OF ENGLAND.
[AFTER CAMPBELL.]
(From the Western Times.)
Ye prelate-lords of England !
That guard your holy sees;
Whose might has matched a thousand years
The battle and the breeze !
Your mitred heads unite again
Tomatcha
to the notherfoel
And sweep deep
The oppressor at a blow;
While controversy rages long,
And the storm of wrong doth blow.
The spirit of the Holy Word
The flag of truth shall wave !
The Church it is your field of fame,
And blest shall be your grave:
Like Luther, and like holy Knox,
Your kindred hearts shall glow,
As ye sweep to the deep
Th' oppressor at a blow.
While controversy rages long, •
And the stormy tempests blow.
The Bible needs no bulwark,
No Roman turrets steep,
Its temple is the contrite heart,
Its God is on the deep;
With thunders from its living page
It quells the fools below,
As the roar on the SHORE,
Where the storm-of wrong doth blow.
Now Puaeyism rages long,
And the storm of wrong doth blow.
The torch of faith that lights the world
Shall light it till it burn;
'Till prelate-troubled night depart,
And the star of peace return.
Then, then, ye righteous ministers!
The applauding song shall flow,
To the fame of your name,
When the storm has ceased to blow;
When fiery bigots rule no more,
And the storm has ceased to blow.
London, April 2, 1849.

H. W. H.

The corporate determination to wear official dresses
on the occasion of Prince Albert's visit is provoking a
good deal of contention in the city. From the printed
statement of one of the body, it seems that the livery is
to be a scarlet cloak, with some sort of trimmings which
there is a difficulty in procuring. Some of the body
avow their intention not to be made to render them-
selves ridiculous by distinctions which all the great
and thoroughly Conservative corporations of the country
have cast aside—Liverpool for instance. People of the old
school, who would have everything done as it was
fifty years ago, accuse of disloyalty those who so honour
their rulers and representatives that they are desirous
of preventing them from being made a laughing-stock
by their appearance in public in dresses pronounced only - -
fit for stage-struck heroes; and these argue that those •
are the moat loyal who by sober means contribute most
to the substantial good of their fellow-creatures around
them, setting examples of simple habits of dress, and 2
cultivating a love of men for their just acts. Shows and
pageantry, in this earnest and thought-stirring age, are
pronounced the mere offspring of vanity, provocative of
disquiet, and of a feeling near akin to contempt.—Stara-
ford Mercury. •
GREAT SOUTHERN AND WESTERN RAILWAY.—.
The traffic on this line into Mallow is stated to be rem'
peatedly increasing. On last evening three coaches --?
were rtquired to bring the passengers for this city.
With the exception of a few breaks, the permanent way
from this to Mallow is almost entirely laid down. When
bringing up for lost time, engines sometimes travel on ••
the line as fast as 50 miles an hour.— Cork Examiner.
ACCIDENT TO LORD COSMO RUSSELL, A.D.C.— •
Lord Cosmo Russell had a severe fall while hunting with
the Garrison Stag Hounds yesterday,var the eight mile-
stone on the Ashbourne-road, and we regret to learn
fractured his collar bone. He fortunately was not other-
wise injured, but the accident is not likely to be at-
tended with more than a temporary inconvenience.—
Irish Paper.
THE DAVIS' STRAITS Fisuanr.—The last ship
from this port for the Davis' Straits Fishery, the Prince
of Wales, Captain Lee, will leave the Humber this day
(Thursday) for her destination. This vessel, as well as
the rest of the fishing ships that have gone forth, has
been furnished with dispatches for Captain Sir James
Ross and Sir John Franklin, from private friends.—
' Hull Yacht.
PROPOSED RAILWAY TO GALWAY.—(From a Cor-
respondent.)—On Thursday a meeting of the gentry and
inhabitants of Galway was held in the Court-house, the
High Sheriff presiding, when the following, amongst
otter resolutions, was adopted.—" That we have heard
with intense satisfaction and delight that her Majesty's
Government have come to the determination of saving,
by the construction of a road to Galway, and by other
modes of employment, the remnant of the population,
which have survived four successive years of famine in
this province, and on that account we tender our warmest
thanks to Lord John Russell and her Majesty's Go-
vernment."
ROYAL LYCEUM.—Her Majesty, Prince Albert,
and a numerous suite, honoured this favourite house
with their presence last Saturday. The following were
also present during the week :—The Duke and Duchess
of Norfolk, Lady Adeliz t Howard, Duchess Dowager of
Cleveland, Earl of Cardigan, Earl of Morley, Lady
Joddrell, the Ladies I)es VOMIX, Lord Shelburne, Mar
quis of Stafford, Marchioness of Con)ngham, Lord G.
Lennex, Sir E. Bowater, Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. C. B.
Phipps, Lord and Lady E. Bruce, Lady Howard, Lady
Mansfield, Lord Brownlow Cecil, Earl of Ellesmere,
Lord William Lennox, Lord A. Lennox, Earl of Strath-
more, Earl of Jersey, Mr. and Hon. Mrs. G. E. Anson,
Lady F. Somerset, Lord William Clinton, Lord
Lennox, Lady Webster, Earl of Belfast, Sir Bellingham
Graham, Lord A. Paget, Lord Tenterden, Sir William
Montague, Sir W. W. Wynn. Mrs. Mounijoy Martin,
Mrs. Standish Standish, Sir G. Talbot, Hon. Mr. Ram-
sey, Hon. Mr. Cavendish, Hon. E. Byng. Mr. Quintin
Dick, M. I'.. Captain Phibbs, Captain de Bathe, Captain
Loch, &c. &c.
TUE RAILWAY RETURN TICKETS.—It is bruited
about that the Great We stern Railway Company intend
to resume the return-ticket system forthrvith, being now
feelingly alive to the fact that the present plan does not
pay so well as that. We hear, however, that the tickets
will be only available fur the day on which they are
issued, without reference to distance. In that case
the measure will not benefit " through passengers,"
or very little, although it will the local traffic; and
this, we believe, will accomplish the object of the com-
pany, which is to restore the local traffic. The great
falling off has arisen mainly in this branch, and it is
easily accounted for. When the farmers and others
could go to and from market for a couple of shillings or
so, they preferred the rail; but now that one-third has
been added to the fares, it is far cheaper for three or
four to go together in a vehicle by the road; nor is there
any loss of time, taking into consideration the delay
which occurs in waiting for trains. We happen to know
that the abrogation of the return-ticket system has
operated in this manner to a very considerable extent in
this locality, owing to the circuitousness of the railways.
The traffic between Gloucester, Tewkesbury, and Stroud,
and Stroud, Cheltenham, and Cirencester, for instance,
has been largely diverted. We hope, however, that if
return tickets should again be issued, the public will
have all the benefit they have heretofore derived from
the system.—Gloucester Journal.
CAPTAIN STANLEY'S SURVEYING EXPEDITION.—
Advices have been received from Captain Owen Stanley,
of her Majesty's ship Rattlesnake, dated October 27,
1848, Evan's Bay, Cape York, stating he had completely
succeeded in making a detailed trigonometrical survey
of the passage between the inner edge of the Barrier
reef arid the mainland of Australia, from the Gould Is-
lands to the Prince of Wales's Islands,lupon the scale of
half an inch to the mile; the distance from the Gould
Islands to the Prince of Wales's is about 700 miles in a
direct line. In carrying out this survey, the boats and
two smaller vessels connected with the expedition tra-
versed nearly twelve thousand miles, and upwards of
25,000 soundings were laid down. During the whole of
the operations, no accident fortunately occurred, either
to the ships, boats, officers, or men employed, though,
at times, exposed to difficulties and dangers owing to the
heavy gales which spring up suddenly in those regions,
by which the boats were frequently caught in situ-
ations where they bad some trouble in gaining shelter.
They were also fortunate in not coming into serious col-
lision with the natives, though on one occasion, at Cape
Melville, they were inclined to be troublesome ; but the
party on shore was sufficiently strong to keep them at
a distance, without the necessity of resorting to harsher
measures. There is good reason for hoping that this
survey will be most useful, particularly when steam
navigation is established, as a narrow channel is now
sounded between the reefs and the main as minutely as
any part of the coast of England, and steamers will thus
merely have to steer from island to island, as they come
in sight, with perfectly smooth water, and secure an-
chorage, in the event of very thick weathu7ning dark'
nights. We also understand that thei
respective branches. On the return__ of
geologists have made considerable colthenceau
sohnips itno tsh3e,dir.
re-
paratory to an expedition_ to
is New
ney, she and the smaller vesselswiil
Gu vanes.o aw rhei
cfiht ,
will
—Literary Gazette.
occupy the greater part of th
having of late become e roads In the neigh-
We understand that
on theon
tancrcnopui t o f the. peravcetriycef
roe.f
running toot races up
usi Carlisle
the roads, at anu
resolved numerous meeting
last,
part in similar proceedings on
•
to prosecute all parties
who
dfir
ihton,on
toitauottrfureruCdss
ataheyroel
any of the roads.
Ala. BRAINE'S Susrmssios.—Notice was given
yesterday of the proposed payment of a further instal-
ment, on Tuesday next, of 10s. in the pound, on the es-
tate of Mr. George T. Braine. The former payment,
-which was made in November, was ss. in the pound, so
that alter the one now announced only ss. will, remain
due. This balance, it is confidently expected, will
be discharged aith interest in full on the entire debt,
within twelve months from the date et Mr. Braille's

suspension.
RoTAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONB.—At a Court of
Examiners, held on Wednesday last, Mr. John Cooper
Forster, M. 8., London, of Wellington-street, London-
bridge, was unanimously recommended to the council for
tto fellowship of the honourable college.
PEoLIFIC EWE.—Mr. John Savage, of Hanging-
bank, near Bolton, Westmoreland, has a ewe of the
Leicester breed, which has brought him nineteen lambs
in seven years—two in 1843, two in 1844, three in 1845,
two in 1848, three in 1847, three in 1848, and on Tues-
day morning last she brought forth four one, strong, and
healthy lambs—one tup, and three ginitners, all Of Which
together with their mother, arc likely to do we
Carlisle Journal.
A FAcT FOR THE PROTECTIOISTS.The clothing
trade is better now at Trowbridge, Bradford, and Melks-
ham than it has been for some years, and the factory at
Holt, which has been shut up for SQLIIO time, i again in
full wpac,—ffilti independist.