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The Life of the illustrious Byron, by Mr. Galt, who
Was personally known to the poet, has been stamped by
the voice of the public with the character of a standard
work, authentic in particulars and dispassionate in judg
Went. That it should have met with opposition from
some quarters was an inevitable consequence of the task,
since the very name of Byron conjures up at once a host of
angry disputants, who, having each Lis own theory to
support, cannot all concur in the statements and opinions
of the biographer, be these what they may. The memoir
in question has, however, been so fortunate as already to
rise superior to its assailants.
In speaking of the Rev. Mr. Gleig's History of the
it-bas been said in a contemporary Journal, * that
" it would be some ground of reproach to the friends of
truth, if they had entirely neglected the new species of
monthly publications as a means of diffusing religious
knowledge among the higher and middle classes of society ;
and the present volume shows, in the happiest manner,
how well they are adapted to convey that knowledge
which makes faith more sure, and piety more enlightened."
The History of Chemistry, which forms the Third Vo-
lume of the National Library, is from the pen of the
learned Dr. Thomson, of the University of Glasgow, who,
in recording the wonderful incidents anti effects on society
which marked the progress:of chemistry—in telling of the
strange lives of its early students, (the Alchemists and
others) and i❑ describing at full the useful labours and dis-
coveries of more recent professors, has written a book
which, while it is characterised by scrupulous truth, and
by practical information in every part, possesses much of
the attraction of romance.
The remaining volumes of those hitherto published, are
occupied by the History of Chivalry and the Crusades, by.
G. P. R. James, Esq. ; and Festivals, Games, and Amuse-
ments, Ancient and Modern, by Mr. Horace Smith,
which latter is just issued to the public. Of the charm
of the former subject in an imaginative point of view, and
of its great utility in illustrating the annals of European
nations, it is needless to speak; while us regards the pre-
sent author's treatment, the numerous readers of " Riche-
lieu" and " Darnley" have, no doubt, from its first an-
nouncement, formed high expectations, which, it is hoped,
have now been fulfilled.

To these, many other original works, of a class which
seems of especial right to belong to on English National
Library, will immediately succeed, among which may be
mentioned the History of the Royal Navy of England from
its first existence; and that of the British Army and its
Services.
Such are the principal features of the National Library
as far as it has already proceeded ; and such the nature of
%some of those works in preparation. And, in conclusion,
the Proanit•ers trust they shall not be accused of unjusti-
fiable priu.,; in expressing their belief, that, in the progress
of their undertaking, they shall be the means of publish-
ing, at a price accessible to the public at large, a body of
Literature deserving the praise of leaving instructed many,
and amused all ; and, above every other species of eulogy,
of being fit to be introduced, without reserve or exception,
by the father of a family to the domestic circle.
New Burlington-street, Jan. 1, 1831.
Literary Gazette.

4IINERAL SUCCEDANEUM FOR FILLING DE-
CAYED TEETH.
MONSIEUR MALLAN AND SON,
SURGEON-DENTISTS, 32, GREAT RUS-
SELL-STREET, BLOOMSBURY, grateful for the
high and extensive patronage which has so eminently dis-
tinguished their professional exertions since their arrival
in the British Metropolis, respectfully announce to their
' Friends and the Public in general, that they still continue
to fill decayed Teeth, with their celebrated MINERAL
SUCCEDANEUM, so universally recommended by the
Faculty of London and Paris. The operation of filling
Teeth is performed in a few seconds, without the slightest
Pain, heat, or pressure ; also fasten loose Teeth in a man-
ner singularly efficacious, and supply whole or partial Sets
of Teeth of the above Incorrodilde Mineral or Natural
' Substances without wire or other Fgatures, and guaranteed
to answer every purpose for articulating and masticating.
The Faculty are respectfully invited to witness the sue-
.cessful result of the MINERAL SUCCEDANEUM.—
Charges A 4 in Paris.

BURGESS' NEW SAUCE or general
purposes having given such great approbation, and
the demand for it continuing to increase, JOHN BUR-
GESS and SON beg most respectfully to offer this their
best acknowledgment to the public for their liberal patronage
of the same; its utility and great convenience in all climates
has recommended it to the most distinguished foreign con-
nections, who have all spoken highly in its recommenda-
tion.—lt is prepared by them only ; and for preventing
disappointment to Families, all possible care Las been re-
sorted to by each bottle being sealed upon the cork with
their firm and address, as well as each label having their
signature, without which it cannot be genuine.
JOHN BURGESS and SON'S long established and
much-esteemed ESSENCE of ANCHOVIES, continues
to be prepared by them after the same manner that has
given the greatest satisfaction for many years.
Warehouse, 107, Strand, corner of the Savoy steps,
London. The original Fish-sauce Warehouse.

TOZER'S OINTMENT FOR THE
CURE OF RINGWORM AND SCALD HEAD-
Of all diseases to which Children are subject, it is gene-
rally admitted that none are more tedious and difficult of
cure than those of Ringworm and Scald Head. Parents,
therefore, and others who have the care of Children, will
fully estimate and gladly avail themselves of any preparation
which may be warranted a specific for their cure. For
some years the Proprietsr has extensively used this pre-
paration himself, and has never, in one instance, known it
to fail. He has also supplied many Medical men, who
have prescribed it with equally good effects ; and who,
together with the friends of those Children who have
benefitted by its use, earnestly solicit him to snake his
invaluable remedy more generally known.—Prepared by
W. Tozer, Chemist, Greenwich ; and sold by E. Edwards,
67, St. Paul's, and Stradling, Royal Exchange Gates, in
Pots at 2s. Pd. and 4s. 6d. each.

We have reason to believe, on very respect-
able authority, that a marriage will, at no distant period,
be concluded between the Duke nt NEmourts, second
second son of the King of the French, and Donna AIARIA,
of Brazil, the titular Queen of Portugal. It is added that
this union is likely to be attended with results that will
be very favourable to the cause of rational liberty in Por-
tugal.

C. ATTwoon, hsq., (the Chairman), opened the
business by observing that the requisitionists have
done me the honour to invite me to take the Chair
on this occasion, and in accepting that honour, I
shall give my sentiments on the subject upon which
we are here met, although it may appear somewhat
out of order in the Chairman to occupy your time
by any lengthy remarks. The immediate object
proposed by Reform is, to obtain as, your represen-
tatives, men who are independent, and yet respon-
sible to the people—(Applause)—not representing
their money, but your feelings. The House of
Lords represents the property of the country—
that is the fundamental point in the history of the
nation, but I see no teason why we should have
an additional burden in the House of Commons.
It should consist of upright men—not interested
in corn laws—nor in armies, which may silence
your complaints, but will never relieve your dis-
tresses. I recollect an expression which Dr. John
son made use of, upon a subject which was in agi-
tation at the time—the importation of corn into
Great Britain. A Tory observed it was quite right.
" You talk like a savage," said the Doctor, " would
you prevent the people feeding themselves if they
can ?" Our object is the relief of the public, and
from a Parliament so reformed we may expect this.
—ls is impossible that the present Parliament can
do it. There is a debt, the interest of which
amounts to more than three-fourths of the public
expenditure. A Parliament so reformed would in-
stitute an inquiry into this debt—how it came about,
and if they found it was contracted ostensibly for
the interests of the public, whilst at the same time
the borrowers had divided the money amongst them-
selves, then such a Parliament would call upon the
borrowers to repay it. I don't see that the public
should be burdened with the debts of their fore-
fathers, er be made to pay debts either in public or
private, not their own.—(Applause.) Then, again,
the present distress calls aloud for Parliamentary Re-
form. I allude to the distress which now universally
prevails throughout Europe, and which appears with
such fearful indication in the midland and other
counties. This duty must either be relieved by a
reduction in the public expenditure, or it must re-
main unrelieved, and armies must be raised to keep
down the complaints of the people if they should
dare to murmur. We should have such a Reform
as would bringabout a restoration of a state of things
which existed previous to the reign of George 111.
I do not impute corrupt intentions on the part- of the
aristocracy. Abuses had engendered one after- the
other, till they have grown to their present enor-
mity ; but the aristocracy have been u .
to see
the evil. Interest has a great part in their Judg-
ment, and they have an interest in the present state
of things. They say that there is a great deal of capital
afloat—and when it is in danger, they call it a revolu-
tion. I think the Reform we desire is a revolution
devoutly to be wished for. With respect to the mo-
derate reformers, I believe there are many as honest
and more enlightened than I am ; and I believe
there are many not so honest, nor so enlightened.
One of the aristocracy said, the other day, we should
have temperate and gradual Reform ; but there is
no time to wait for it. Burke, from whom the gen-
tleman alluded to made a quotation to prove the
truth of his positions, was an apostate from liberal
principles. He sold himself to the enemy of man-
kind, so much genius for so much money. We
have been told by these moderate reformers that we
should meet them half way. When we make con-
cession to them, then we will have to make conces-
sion to the Whigs, the Whigs to the Liberals,
and the Liberals to the Duke of Wellington.—
I am for substantial, immediate, and instantaneous
Reform, and this would be for the safety and best in-
terests of all parties. There is a motto which is
painted on my cloak, " Fugit irreeocabile tempos"
or, in good plain English," Time and tide wait for
no man." In the crisis of the state, woe to the
statesman who tampers with time.—(Applause.)
Our ancestors were no gentle Reformers when they
brandished the sword of the people in the tyrant's
face, and I would rather perish than be below my
ancestors in such a cause as this. As it respects the
present Ministry, when I read Earl Grey's first
speech I recollect I said to my family, " The time
is come when the people will get relief;" but, I
confess these prospects have vanished. He declared
in that speech, that the first cabinet question should
be the public distress. He afterwards tells us that
lie cannot hold out any cheering prospect on this
subject, which declaration is followed by Lord Al-
thorp, in the House of Commons, who tells us, that
they cannot do much for the public—they may in-
deed remove some of the taxes from the poorer
classes, and place them upon those who are better
able to bear them, but he is sorry to say that he can-
not hold out a prospect of permanent relief. A Re-
form in Parliament will do this. But if that Reform
does not take place— if things are left as they are,
they will soon put themselves right. I am surprised
the aristocracy cannot learn the state of the people.
Are they too far from the people to see their condi-
tion and feel for their interest ? I am afraid they
are led to suppose that because they are superior to
the people in literary and classical endowments, the
people have no right to offer an opinion in politics ;
and if one of them were to be so bold as to say,
" see, would not this be au improvement," he would
be immediately designated by them as a mischievous
individual. I. will take the liberty, before I conclude,
to cite a paraphrase of Scripture, to which I would
advise the enemies of Reform to pay attention :
" Hear then this truth, the judgment of the skies,
He that bates truth shall be the dupe of lies;
For he who will be cheated to the last,
Delusion strong as bell shall bind him fast."
The Chairman concluded, amidst great cheering, by
citing a passage from Hamlet, which he applied to
the conduct of some Members of Parliament :
" Thoughts black, hands apt, drugs fit, and time agreeing,
Confed'rate season, and no creature seeing."
And to that passage in Mr. Wordsworth's sonnets,-
------" Of all fearful things
'Tis. the most fearful, when the people's eye
Abuse bath cleared from vain huatzinings,
And taught the general voice to Prophecy
Of Justice arm'd, and pride to be laid low."
Mr. W. H. BROCKETT then rose and said, Mr.
Chairman and Gentlemen,--in claiming the indul-
gence of this meeting to preface the first resolution
prepared by the committee, I am extremely sorry
that the duty has not been placed in abler hands, but
I trust you will receive in sincerity and zeal wi;at I
want itt ability. Before I proceed to the immediate
question, I would beg to say a few words on the
conduct of the Rector of Gateshead : that gentle-
man has conducted himself in such a manner as must
secure him a place in the affections of hisparishioners,
by showing (by his ready compliance to their re-
quest) to the Government And the country at large
that a good feeling and mutual understanding exists
between the pastor and the people.—(Applause.)
An aristocratic gentleman declared the other day at
Newcastle that Reform ought to be mod: rate and
gradual, because moderation contained the principle
of growth. Our Reform has been extremely mode-
rate—extremely gradual. The seeds of it were
sown 50 years ago by the House of Commons itself
in a fertile soil—the hearts of the people; and though
some may have fallen by the way side and perished

for lack of moisture—the majority has taken deep
root, and by careful cultivation the plant is now at
full growth—in full blossom—and its fruit can only
be gathered by your firmness and unanimity. We
have been as it were engaged in a tedious law-suit
with our oppressors—we have been driven from
court to court by their corruption and their power—
until we are now forced to appear in forma pauperis
before the tribunal of last resort to demand justice
and security. In stating our case, it is only neces-
sary to establish—first, what the representation con-
stitutionally ought to be—second, what it is—and
third, what are the injuries resulting from it and the
remedies to be adopted. No one who has read the
history of this country can deny that by the British
Constitution every man contributing to the wants
and defence of his country with his pocket or his
arm, is entitled to be consulted by his representative
in the imposition of the taxes and the formation of
the laws.—( Applause.) This right has been
strengthened by the blood of the patriots of succes-
sive centuries, and fostered by many of our Kings
to put down the despotism of the aristocracy. The
doctrine that reformers are dangerous subjects is
therefore absurd—for both the throne and the people
are interested in uniting against the common
enemy. By their insidious arts and continued at-
tacks, the en*mies of liberty have taken away all the
outworks of the Constitution, and left nothing
but the citadel. But we have the citadel still, and
we must relieve the garrison, or they too will be ob-
liged to capitulate. It has been said that to dis-
franchise the boroughs would be to violate the prin-
ciples of the Constitution. What is the fact ?
That by the very records of Parliament itself 68 bo-
roughs have once enjoyed the pTivilege of sending
Members which now do not, and there are 97
others which, being chartered boroughs, must have
also sent Members at one time or other. If then
the principle forbids disfranchisement, there are 165
places which now ought to send representatives.
In the reign of Henry VI. a most daring and des-
potic law was passed, limiting the right of voting in
counties to freeholders of 40s. per annum. At first,
as ought now to be, all householders had the right.
Some towns of, England even to this day retain that
original right,; and many others would have done so,
but for the arbitrary decision of committees of the
House—sometimes 'deciding one way—sometimes
another, although the principle is and ought to be
universal. I. observ,ed, that the seeds of Reform
vere sown by the House itself 50 years ago. Can
it be forgotten -that Parliament declared then that
the influence.Of the Crown had increased and ought
to:be diminished'? dt 'was then declared by a Peer
in the House that the Parliament was no Parliament
at all, inasmuch - as it was not constituted according
to the principle- of the Constitution.—(Applause.)
.In 1782 the Bill for Reform was only thrown out
by a majority of
_2O. Mr. Pitt said then that with-
out Reform the nation would be plunged into new
wars—that without it you could not guard against
bad Ministers, nor could good Ministers be of use
to you. This was a prophetic speech,. and we have
800 million proofs of its fulfilment. The great Lord
Chatham then declated that " if Parliament was not
reformed from within, it would be reformed with a
vengeance from without." Who will say the con.
trary ? Let them look to the Continent, and see
the inutility of resisting just rights. We are their
best friends—we NVlSilto save the country—let them
take our advice, or I cannot say what may, nay will
be the consequence. To give the meeting some
little idea of the importance of those boroughs which
had so warm an advocate at Newcastle, 1 beg to
mention that Banbury has 19 voters, Droitwich 12,
Bramber 20, Dunwich 18, Malmesbury 13, Tiver-
ton 24,01 d Sarum 7 : but Gatton, how many ?
why, two—each voter has a Member ; so that I
would advise them to appear for the future in per-
son, instead of sending representatives. Having
now stated what the Parliament ought to be, and
• what it is, let us inquire into the remedies. One
great remedy is, to shorten the duration of Parlia-
ments. The preamble of the Bill of Rights de-
clares, that by the ancient laws of the realm frequent
Parliaments ought to be held, and that frequent new
Parliaments tend very much to the happy union and
good agreement between the King aed the people.
It is this union we seek : so much fur being, dis-
loyal. There never was a more atrocious act, than
for our servants—our representatives—whom we
engaged for three years only, to pass the Septennial
Act, and declare that in spite of us they would sit
seven years for the future. It destroyed all con-
troul, and was an odious assumption of power. We
must therefore at least have the time reduced to
three years. But the most important remedy is the
extension of the suffrage. Every man who directly
contributes to the support of time State must have a
voice in it; and he must have all facility and secu-
rity in giving it. At present, a man has no choice
in county elections. A rich man asks him fur his
vote—he answers, I cannot vote for the poor or in-
dependent
ntye x
rmt p
man,
se
whom I prefer, becawse I cannot
pa
to the poll, and he cannot or will
not
pay for them for man says me. The rich I will,
and treat you well into the bargain. Thus freedom
of election is destroyed. The votes ought to be
eies
taken close to a man's home ; for it would
take away that worst of power, the power of
the pocket. Another remedy which is much
recommended is voting by ballot, which every
friend of Reform I am sure would immediately
adopt, if on especial consideration it be found to be
necessary.—(Applause.) Upon this part of our
resolutions there can be no difference of opinion. I
cannot conclude without hoping that we shell force
the Ministry to do a great act of justice. But if
they only " keep the word of promise to the ear
and break it to the hope," we must turn them out.
You must demand your rights, not hail with plea-
sure any favour they may grant you. Ihe great
remedy above all others is the extension of the elec-
tive franchise. Every additional voice is an addi-
tional centinel upon the ramparts of the constitu-
tion. It is only when the watchmen sleep, and the
ranks are thin, that the enemy can assail us. Let
us then insist on this addition to our guards—this
is the standing army we require—and when it is
efficient, and trot till then, will England be what she
ought to be—the mistress of the world—not so
much by her dominion and power, as by holding
herself up as a bright example for the imitation and
admiration of surrounding nations.—(Great ap-
plause.) Ile then concluded by moving the first
resolution.

Mr. J. PRICE said he had great pleasuic... in se-
conding the resolution, which was carried miani-
MOtisly.
Mr. A. DAWSON then rose, and entered into a
detail of the progress of liberty in this country. 'Pie
grand foundation of our liberties, he said, was laid
by Alfred in the establishment of trial by jury.
Perhaps the next important step was the intreduc-
tion of the feudal law by William the Conqueror.
But the greatest triumph obtained by our ancestors
was Magna Charta from King John. Representa-
tives for boroughs were first called to Parliament by
Edward the First. It was then that the true repre-
sentaiion of the people commenced. If we had had
:in equally
honest representation we should not have
been reduced to the state in which we now ::re.
Our ancestors refused to give supplies until their
grievances were redressed; they refused to be go-
verned by laws to which they had not consented.
No anomaly could be greater than for ate borough-
mongers to expect to be paid for giving up what
they had no right to buy. It was through their
instrumentality 100,000,0001. of the public money

Mr. J. ERRINGToer said—l think, with respect to
the vote by ballot, that we should rather demand it
than pray for it. I find that in every enterprise of
This nature union is a necessary thing. A union in
he country will alone produce a removal of abuses.
The son of a Nobleman has lately talked to us about
moderation on this subject, but I detest the term
" moderation." They want to drag us through the
same dirt over and over again, making promises
which have been falsified by events. Their talking
about moderation puts me in mind of a circumstance
which transpired about 30 years ago, on the subject
of the abolition of the slave trade. Some gentlemen
applied to the committee for the abolition of the
slave trade, at the bead of which was Mr. Wilber-
force, Mr. Fox, and others, and said they wished to
compromise matters with them. They admitted it
was an abominable system, and if the committee
would act in a moderate way they would join with
them. As it is absurd, therefore, to talk of modera-
tion in the traffic of human blood, it is still worse to
starve people by moderation. I think the gentle-
man who opened the business by moving the first
resolution has anticipated nearly all that I could
have said. With respect to the duration of Parlia-
ments, our ancestors were very fond of short ones.
Previous to the reign of Henry the Eighth, Parlia-
ments were held annually. Long Parliaments are
not recognised by any charters. It has been said by
the best statesmen, that the bad conduct of Mem-
bers of Parliament and the scenes of drunkenness
and beastiality which are commonly witnessed at
elections, have been the effect of septennial Parlia-
ments. It was a long Parliament that brought
Charles the First to his untimely end—it was a
long Parliament that dethroned James the Se-
cond, and caused the revolution of 1688. Sir
Robert Walpole advocated short Parliaments, and
►lr. Pitt at the commencement of his Parliamentary
career.—(Applause and laughter,) There is another
point to be obtained, that is the extension of the •
franchise. The question is, how far we ought to
go ? I declare-for universal suffrage !—(Applause.)
As in every other general rule, of course we admit
of exceptions as madmen, felons, &c. I admit
there is an unwillingness in human nature to allow
any one to come up to our own level, though we are
ready enough to pull down to that level those who
are above us. Our worthy Chairman has given us
an anecdote of Dr. Johnson, which puts me in mind
of another of the same gentleman. Mrs. Macauley,
a lady of Dr. Johnson's literary acquaintance, had
been often maintaining principles of equalization in
the Doctor's presence; and when they were dining
together a short time after, he said to her, " now,
there is your footman John, what have you to ray
why he should not sit down with us to dinner."
Now I do not mean to infer from this that the man
of wealth should mingle with the poor man, or the
man of education with an ignorant man—l do not
think the Doctor was right, hut I do think that that
footman was competent to vote for a Parliamentary
candidate. I would go on the widest democratical
basis. Then there is the vote by ballot--when I
first heard of this I said to myself, cannot men act
honestly without having the shield of secrecy
thrown around them. But after considering the
matter, I have come to the conviction that it would
be the best plan to adopt.—(Applause.Y When we
consider what motives some men have for fear, and
others for hope, the wisdom of the ballot system is
quite clear. It is adopted in all the states of Ame-
rica except two, arid is found to work well; and it
strikes me that die Americans at least have little
need of secrecy. The President of America gets
about 600/. per annum. When he has occasion to
come out of his house, he is not attended by 500 or
600 whiskered hussars, but just walks down the
street by himself—calls at a cook shop and gets a
mutton chop—and if it is raining borrows an um-
brella of the landlady. Now if the ballot system be
necessary in America, how much more necessary
is it in England—more necessary, I had almost said,
than in almost every other country in the world.
With respect to the disturbances in the southern
counties, I should like to see them quelled by
proper means. The people have now got hold of un
instrument which either God or the devil has given
them, 1 mean fire—and they may send down their
armies, but they will not be able to effect any thing.
Some one has observed that a man might live on
2s. 10d. per week, which was about 3,1. for bread,
and id. a day for clothing, fuel, and rent. Such
conduct can lead to nothing else than revolt. The
poor cannot wait for a petition to Parliament—they
want their dinners.—(Applause.)—[Here a gentle-
man interrupted the speaker; he hoped that Mr. E.
did not wish to exculpate those who had made the
disturbances in the Sault. The Chairman said he
considered the distress of the perpetrators as an ex-
tenuation, but not as a justification of their conduct.
He could not go so far.]—Mr. Errington continued,
I stand corrected by our worthy Chairman. I will
not say their conduct was justifiable, but their guilt
nearly vanishes when we consider their distress. I
do not so much blame them as I blame those who
have been sucking the blood of their country, those
who are fattening on the taxes.—(Applause.)—l
charge them with burning all the property. I think
there can be no difference of opinion with regard to
voting by ballot. I, therefore, cordially second the
motion. It was put and carried.
M. KIRKUP said he wished every success to the
meeting, but he much doubted whether its object
would ever be effected.

'Mr. FIFE, surgeon, read the petition, which he
moved for the adoption of the meeting.
Mr. WILLIS seconded the motion, which was
carried.

Mr. BROCKETT moved that a vote of thanks be
given to the Rev. J. Collinson, for his ready com-
pliance with the inhabitants of Gateshead in con-
vening that meeting; and Mr. J. B. JOHNSON
moved a vote of thanks to the Chairman, both
which were seconded and carried by acclamation.—
The meeting, which. was numerously attended, then
broke up.

MANSFIELD.
(Front the Nottingham Review of Friday.)

On Tuesday last, at noon, a public meeting of
the inhabitants of Mansfield and its vicinity was
held in the large room at the Black Swan, convened
by public notice issued by the Mansfield Political
Union. Lieutenant-Cotinel _ WILDMAN, of New-
stead Abbey, in the chair.'
The CHAIRMAN said, my good friends and neigh-
bours, the people have a right to look for a real and
permanent redress of their grievances, and this can
only be effected by a full, and effectual, and a radical
Reform of the House of Commons.—(Applause.)
The Ministers are pledged to a general system of
economy, to a diminution of taxation, and to Par-
liamentary Reform. The poor despised and sneered
at radicals may now hold up their head•, and main-
tain the position which is their due, in asset ting the
best rights of their country; they have never
changed their opinions ; they have remained firm
through good and through evil report ; radical has
been a term of reproach which they have borne
without flinching. How is it with out opponents ?
If you call them Tory you cannot offer a greater
insult ; they tell you they do not understand the
word; but if they call us radicals we are not

The second resolution was briefly proposed by
two Members of the Committee, and was uttam-
mously carried, as follows
That this meeting has been expressly called to avow
their confidence in the present Government, as they dr' a
it a duty incumbent upon every one, at the present im-
portant crisis, (in order to strengthen an Admin:ssation
so constituted) to come forward respectfully, and at the
same time firmly, to impress upon the Legislature the ne-
necessity of that complete and effectual Reform in Pat iia-
went, and restitution of the popular representation, which
shall give to the Commons of the realm the power which
is at present usurped by the aristocracy."
The Rev. JOHN WILLIAMS said they could not
pay the Government of the cunutry a greater com-
pliment than assembling together to support them ;
this was the case with the present meeting, awl te:
they felt convinced that the Government was ac-
tuated by good intentior s, it was a duty to give
them that support. They were well aware that as
individuals they could do nothing, but a multitude
could do every thing ; and unless their ruler► had
the support of the people, in what they proposed for
the good of the community, the Government could
not be expected to carry their measures of Reform
into effect. The resolution he had to propose was
one not less important than those which had pre-
ceded ; he was well aware that property and
information should hare their due influence, they
always would have it, but they should not have any
undue influence; every man ought to be free to ex-
press his sentiments, without suffering on that ac-
count, and if any danger was likely to occur to him,
to guard him against it ; and how could this be
effected otherwise than by vote by ballot.—(Ap•
plause ) It had been objected to as of an un-
English spirit, as displaying a want of firmness and
a want of independence; this he looked upon as a
false view of the case; a man might be perfectly
independent in his own mind, but not have the ex-
ternal power of displaying that independence ; but
might he to be allowed to remain in that state ?
Many instances might he adduced in support of the
ballot, and he saw the utility of that mode of pro-
cedure in the present instance of disgraceful prac-
tices, which were corrupting the morals of the voters
and were leading to every degree of baseness and
vice. Instead of corrupting and t.letnoralizing the
electors with the ballot, they would find men in
every class conscious of their own integrity and re-
garding it in others. He should more the third
resolution.

"That this meeting believes that no Reform will be com-
plete and effectual a ithout the vote by ballot, which will
alike check the shameless bribery and other base and
scandalous practices, at present so com►non at elections,
and at the same time will protect the dependent voter firm
the dictation or oppression of power."
Mi. R. GOODACRE, jun. seconded the resolution
in favour of the vote by ballot.
The CHAIRMAN read a letter from Mr. Valen-
tine, of Sutton-in-Ashfield, chairman of the late
Reform meeting there, expressive of his regret that
he could not attend the meeting, and hoping that
they would decide in favour of the vote by ballot.
Mr. CHARLEs WILKINS (from Dorsetshire) said,
that if he knew any thing of his native country, or
of the principles of Reform, he was convinced that
no Reform would be complete and effectual without
the vote by ballot; it could be proved, without the
fear of refutation, that an extension of the franchise,
without the vote by ballot, would be productive of
evil rather than of good. If asked for his opinion
of what Reform was necessary, he should assert
that the widest extension of the suffrage, without
the means of extending to the voter some protection
agtenst coercion and oppression, would be only an
extension of national demoralization and of moral
evil. If the franchise was given to all would there
not be the same system of bribery, offensive to God
proper, without
and injurious to the country The great men, in
as a specimen.
order to keep up their power, would continue to
Iteemlectlon at Liver.
buy property, and their tenants would still be com-
pelled to vote through fear. As for the phantasy of
the old English notion, that open voting is honest,
and a wish to see .John Bull go boldly up to the
te
ofbefia"rttloii lirlsafsiovn°"e:ltsrit'yliv,:t aul
Hsi would
ehec
pointntht
rsuotg.e

pool, and there they would see_ honesty and inde- for robbing Wm. Hayward of two sovereigns.— inmates of the House of Correction, for they are
pendenee! So long as bribery was. practicable it Both prisoners got a good character. The Jury not in the condition of ordinary felons.
would be practised, and when a man who wants a found them guilty. The Governor—My Lord, I am afraid that such
loaf sees a good one held out to him, he would not Mr. Justice J. PARKE ordered sentence of death a classification is at present not practicable.
long hesitate at taking it. The only way to give to be recorded. The boy was not, however, brought up for judg-
the death blow to bribery, was to take away the There was another indictment against Hibberd for ment in the course of the day.
power of corruption by means of the secret vote. breaking threshing-machines, but it was not pressed. win. Kibblewhile, 20, and David Beath, 23, were
This would deprive the rich man's wealth of power, David Baker, George Derman, and John convicted of having broken a threshing-machine, the
and he must use the power of intellect; it would Vauckings, were charged with robbing Mr. Church property of W. Smith, and sentenced to be trans-
have the effect of making the great man greater, the of ten shillings and four half-crowns ; but owing to ported for seven years.
nobleman nobler. Another great evil of the open some informality in the indictment they were John Waldron, 35, was convicted of robbing
voting was that a man's political sentiments were acquitted.—They were then given in charge for Moses Jesset of 195., his property.—Sentence of
known; he was not afraid to let them become known destroying a threshing-machine, belonging to the
at elections, when party spirit had worked him up same parties. death was recorded.
Charles Bennett, aged 21, Barnabas Hutchinson,
to a state of madness. He had been recently at The Jury found them Guilty, and Mr. Justice
said_ PARKE sentenced each of them to transportation .18' and Charles Waters, 24 S re charged with hay-
East Retford, and there were men there who
in unlawfully and malicious) and destroyed a
they wished to have had his society, but dare not for seven years•
threshing-machine, the property of James Read, at
be seen with him, on account of his politics; Aaron Stone and Henry Lane were given in
was this the boasted honesty of John Bull, when charge for robbing Henry Nun, of Whitepatish, of a
Downton.
R/ found them all Guilty.
SON ordered them to be taken
he was obliged to go into bye-holes and corners sovereign, on the 23d of November.—The Jury Mr. Justice The Jury
ALDERSON
to express his sentiments, and was obliged to sacri- acquitted Lane, and found Stone guilty, from the bar.
five his right of private judgment to sordid in- There was another indictment against Stone for Mr. Read informed the Court that Bennett, as lie
terest and family welfare ? The vote by ballot a robbery, but it was not pressed, and the Court
Youvs somet aker 1 d fryomonthebar, said to him. ". I'll shake
your road home."
would obviate this, a man could vote as he thought having ordered sentence of death to be recorded
fit, and at the same time conceal it, and they should against him, Mr. Justice ALDERSON—In all probability he will
not have an opportunity of doing so.
not see men torn asunder by faction. ' Again, Mr. Baron VAUGHAN explained to him, and gave
what was calculated more to destroy the love of him reason to hope that his life would be spared, The Deputy-Governor of the prison assured the
truth than the principles of open voting? The but he must not expect to be allowed to remain in Court that the prisoner had not said so. He was
man
man went up almost dragged to the hustings, and this country. nearer the prisoner than the prosecutor was, and he
when asked for whom he voted (which he would Thomas Goddard and William Taylor were put to had not heard the words. The prosecutor must be
remind them was derived from vow), from motives the bar charged with robbing Richard Church, on mistaken.
of self interest, he went with a palpable lie on the 23d of November, of one sovereign, his pro- The prosecutor replied that he was not mistaken.
his tongue, and vowed for the man he detested, perty. The Jury found both prisoners Guilty, but The prisoner had whispered them into his ear as he
while secretly his wishes were with another. The recommended them to mercy.—Sentence deferred. left the bar.
bribery oath was frequently administered ; now if John Thorne, aged 22 ; Joseph Watts, 28; In the course of the day, the Crown declined ten-
a man said to himself, if Ido not vote for such a David Gee, 16; Worthy Geo. 18 ; and Jeremiah dering evidence against several persons, against
man, I shall be turned out of my house, or I shall New, 16, were indicted for robbing Thomas Lang- whom true bills had been found, from a disinclination
lose my trade, but if I do vote for him I shall re- ford on the 23d of November, at Wroughton, of to press cases which might end in capital convic-
fain them, was not this bribery ? Yes; however a one sovereign. The Jury found them all Guilty, tions against individuals who, up to these recent
man might salve over his conscience, it constituted and recommended all of them, but Watts, to mercy, transactions, had borne unimpeachable characters.
perjury. It was no small gratification to see a in consequence of their youth. The Court adjourned at a quarter before seven
teacher of religion standing forward in the cause of There are other indictments against them for o'clock.
Reform ; he wished to see more thus standing for- robbery and breaking machines.—Sentence de-
ward. He was not going to impugn the doctrines ferred. THE REVENUE.
or the preachings of the established church, but if Thomas Lawrence, aged 19; John Reeves, 20;
No. I.
in any place there was one enemy to Parliamentary and Henry Tombs, 21, were charged with having ABSTRACT of the NET PRODUCE of the RE%ENUE of GREAT
Reform, he was sure to be a clergyman. It was feloniously robbed John Langford of half-a-crown. BRITAIN, in the YEARS ended Jan. 5, 1830 and 1831, dis.
only within the last fortnight that he had been The prisoners were acquitted. tinguishing the Quarters.
anathematised by two clergymen, but if they had The same prisoners were then given in charge for
e• ei e- --i se gees ...r.., se -e. eese te ce
any faith in the authority of the constitutions of breaking a threshing-machine; but it appearing in sss-e e.seg • 5 i." 7 : E,' ..', ;,, :,-' 5 F.:, ,g g E
God, they should know it was their duty to do evidence that the machine was broke before they `' ,;••-.5..!.." F.,- g E' = ..:3 g'F'ciVisss,
justice, to love mercy, and to exert themselves for came up, they were acquitted of this charge also. s:este ee. ~ 2 ,_,.,-3,?., , E.
45 1-' .---E,' E ;1 ('',. ; ' -i
g L'
the general welfare of the human race. Earl Grey The Court then adjourned at half-past six till to- 75tt n '..3 5.*,'3, a- ~; ~,:.?, ,i :-.1 7.1
was looked up to as the Hercules of the represen- morrow at nine. esS' e ee, ies es - e e_. es se
- .e.e e. -s., :A ',
tative system, and if he meant to cleanse the filth of William Olden, 33; John Olden, 50 ; Henry .9.:' 4 .-.: .1057 a, `,.-2 :::
the House of Commons, he must turn through it Thornton, 37; John Shepherd, 20; William Elton,
,_,, fr: ...,7"it 51 kr, '--t 1. 52,
the tide of popular feeling, and that only could be the younger, 23 ; arid William Holmes, 27, were ~...', 5 ..--::!: g. ~,,,, .4. ~, ;..1---3 :,..I
expressed by the vote by ballot; if instead of so charged with having riotously and tumultuously '-'. `,% ',.'-: g: ,:.„ 'et el ;3.- z'e' '7E3
doing, he applied some half measure, he could be assembled with other persons, armed with blvd- le ..e e- . e-.. e e ..--
f- ;4 g " ;2.. ~ EI 2,
compared only to the puny whipster who throws a geons and an axe, and unlawfully destroyed a thresh- ,-... 2 c 2,, :,,, ;1r77 fresh lock of straw over the accumulated rubbish, ing-machine, the property of James Judd, at Newton ; g ;* -.F.: rs'-.: ;^, n_e
and in the morning, all would stink as bad as ever. Toney. The Jury found all the prisoners Guilty. :'.1,. 'e=;- i ..-' ;I-
If they found the country in such a state that the Mr. Justice ALDERSON—" Prisoners, the sen-
higher orders were constantly draining the coffers tence of the Court is, that you be transported for ese e, se se
of the people, that the wealthy were every year the space of seven years beyond the seas. I am ex- Ki 's.--;,1 ?- I,.'s' 5:---?' '11,!? es,e ,
~,eri'eUes -Fitie :-ci"."''''.
becoming more powerful, while the resources of the tremely sorry that it should be our duty to pass such -#.,. E "F.) --- 1... ',-1..,-, :- &!:,---§,--, -;--,,,,, ,
, (cf . r....,' , J .. - :., t. 6 P • . Se, t t
great mass of the population were circumscribed, a severe sentence upon you. You will be re-
and their means of subsistence reduced ;if instead moved from your families, friends, and connexions, .te --) -i-72 .1:-- ~e --es to
e,
" ei _,,e p II ........1 1.:2.
of labouring twelve hours they were compelled now owing to that spirit of insubordination which it is ::-.7 i'.4 01. 'Zi. 71 7-- iliS Y I.D ,
,:Z r 4
.4 8 :C-I. CI V ,-: a:
to work sixteen or eighteen, and at the same time necessary to put down, and which, if it be not put ;;.' :-,; F, 1.:',. g- 14":,2 it Vet 1. aSI -''
not get bread sufficient for their families, while the down by the strong arm of the law, will soon extend 1
country possessed every thing that could aggrandize itself to crimes of still greater magnitude." ees se -se Ss-s SE: ee..., ~., e
- ss se'Qi‘c;' 7 .`"»
a nation, every blessing that Heaven has bestowed John Olden here said, with great levity, " Thank P. -L.- ..,.: ...§ ~...3 .:- ..,--:6,.r. ...-4,* , m
on man, every thing that human wishes could desire, you, my Lord." el ='' r'e I; 'el L' .s E. t7.:ii,E. Hi! ;-'
if such was really the state of things, it proved that Thomas Porter, aged 18 ; Aaron Shepherd, 40; r. ,_, r, ,- t. ...... ,
there was a radical evil, which required a radical James Stevens, 25 ; George Burbage, 24 ; and i: 1,-; ti 's.,, --i
c., .. te ,e - Se?` ik7'.4'.6 - I'l'
-; .... x e
Reform, and the man who felt its necessity, and Henry Dickens, 19, were charged with having riot- if. s►l 'if', ',..7,- -r-!i' , -?*1-3----ii 1,?;
would not come forward to declare it, was a ously and tumultuously assembled and destroyed a '7: ' ' '' = '-'s' "'"` .":"-:--2
worthless paltroon. The speaker then alluded to
threshing-machine, the property of Charles Blake, see :'.7: ss '4 te S
.:-.e- .?=-1-7, ~,
~.,
the ravages of Mr. Swing, as he had himself been at Idmiston. 5.i s 4- ~- g es' i-: if. e E.'„.''i EgriTt V.--'E'
called in Retford ; the burnings had not occurred
The case was brought home to all the prisoners, "es -e' -- 1"' --41 ""i.'" 1---"-§i- W.---&
al 2 2 ee V 2.3 ~.7. 52 z a . .
in towns, where there were political institutions,
and the Jury found them all Guilty. .
or where the banner of Reform was raised, but Mr. Justice ALDERSON—The sentence of the
,:: - ....i I
,:-
,:,...- -c.,,,:
in villages and by-places, where there was no -c,,,,, ,--
Court is, that you, Thomas Porter ; you, Aaron S 72 . 1;1 7 CZ,Fi
4:::','f-3 '5'2.&..7 3r7;:t
organ of political knowledge; the poor fellow who, e. e. ,I ri.' C 7 G ca.]
Shepherd ; and you, Henry Dicketts, be transported '"e2 7,.„-, , 'F; I -6, 't-5-,..:1 t $ ' -,,,..w.',.. -z-.421F,,, 65,
after a day's hard labour, went home with a shil- beyond the teas to such places as his Majesty, by ' ' ' - '''''-' '''''
ling, the product of his toil, without the means of and with the advice of his Majesty's Privy Council, is: 0. ee se es
" :.---!. `E' 2-'
providing his family bread from day to day, saw sls "
shall think proper; and you will find that this sen- I'a ee e-5,.. .8;s-septiPs --4'l
his wife's reproachful glances, and his children's tence will shortly be carried into effect. The sen- -' A Z' 5-,, ''' s'i" §E-,2 ~---74-. .74
-, 8 . zi c; -
tears, looking around him, the first object that met tence on you, George Burbage, is, that you be im- ),'
his sight was the farmer's well filled yards, and prisoned and kept to hard labour for the space of Se to s- ..se ..;-.5 1,7 -sae, c e
without the knowledge of the cause of his cala- c...,..,-. -.-4--,,,, -r,
two years, and on you, James Stevens, it is miti- `ig• it E 5 ,3 f;!:± ..„ , ;.,-.,1,..2. E.5.,,5, :
mity, lie went forth in a state of distraction, with gated on account of the good character which you t I's is'":,:, E: 4:75, ::,= §X§ij livi-1,4.. :-.8
the fire brand in his hand, and increased the evil received, and which Burbage did not, to imprisons- --1
under which he suffered; but if he had possessed ment with hard labour for the space of one year." ..' IS" .1- .--1 1-I'' I'7' ,p ,-'-.? ~..
political knowledge, he would have learned the.ss F-' ...? 3 a,, ~..,--ii„ :.:.---., 7:-:-
James Case, 47, and Abraham Morgan, 28, were ee -4 ep se .P -eel- e--ie 1 ...,-1...21-, S-r....,7•1' ",1
folly and wickedness of thus acting as a spoliator. convicted of having unlawfully, riotously, and tu- :tee.' it F.-2 i F.,'f E.t It,-.1E3 ggF.-7; r)
He congratulated the meeting on the formation of multuously assembled and broken to pieces a thresh- ~ - s„.; . e.
a political union in Mansfield, and called on them to in machine and one chaff-cutting-machine, the pro- 7,- -:-. 1. . -., ,-:-.. .7? ~=-,if; ~,-, ,
:; .- ,--. , , ---1 4. 0, c4,:2 ,r 4 ,I.• cir:= ~' r,'
be vigilant in their conduct; and concluded by perty of Thomas Plandford, at Fifield. se .0
~ ee es e„. 4. 4. ,Go - z..D C.P.,A ~. • F
speaking of the necessity of persevering in the de- Mr. Justice ALDERSON, in sentencing the pi- tel 1 'ic2--. g b'' q g re; Wl'. c:::::.5." ".-12:,1 ;-'''' '-'•?' P' '
mand for the ballot, and diligently watching the soners, commented on the heinousness of their con -
conduct of the Ministers. duct. Their cases required the severest sentence of No. 11.
The resolution on the vote by ballot was then the law. Under these circumstances he should sen- ABSTRACT of the NET PRODUCE of the REVENUE of GREAT
carried unanimously, and with acclamation. tence them to transportation for seven years. BRITAIN, in the YEARS and QUARTERS ended sth .J 50.,
The following resolution was also unanimously irilli„„, Hayter,
aged 28 ; Charles C'hand thBoler 21; 13 and 1831, sheaving the Increase or Decrease on each head
ereof.
carried : and William Collins, 30 ; were charged with having
" That the petition be adopted by this meeting, and be riotously and tumultuously assembled and destroyed Years ended Jan. 5. 1
~...........---- I
presented to the House of Commons by our worthy Repre-
a threshing-machine, the property of Richard Webb, 18.10 1831 Increase. 'Decrease.
sentative John Savile Lumley, Esq., Member for the
Es, W• hat biteparis . CusOmns 16,023,860 16,:343,561 ' 319,701
county, which Sir Thomas Denman
.(the Attorney-Gene- q.,
fhe Jury returned a verdict of Guilty against all Excise - 853,940
rat), and Sir R. C. Fergusson, the Independent Members Stamps - 39,344
Post Ottice 1,376,000 1,358,011 - 17,989
for the town of Nottingham, are requested to support, and the jllisoners.
Taxes 4,896,566 5,013,V5 116,839
that a similar petition be presented to the House of Pe,,rs Mr. Justice ALDERSON—The sentence of the
Miscellaneous 449,091 2&3,380 - 165,711
by Lord Holland." Court on William Hayter, who embarked in this --
47,139,873 1 46,499,423 436,540 1,076,990
The meeting then broke up, with three times offence without any apparent or pretended reason for
Deduct Increase _ 436,540
three cheers for the vote by ballot, and three cheers it, is that he be transported beyond the seas for the
for several of the speakers. space of seven years. On account of the good cha-
Decrease on the Year _ 640,450
Quarters ended Jan. 5.
The room was extremely crowded, and great ratter which Chatles Chandler had received in open
numbers were unable to obtain admission. Court, the sentence upon him is mitigated to one 1830 l 1831 Increase. Decrease.
. year's imprisonment in the House of Correction.
--- Customs - 82,181
SPECIAL COMMISSION. William Collins has only put in written testimonials Excise 4,869,02'2 4,831,220 - 37,802
of character; but they are most excellent. The Stamps
7):442
SALISBURY, JAN. 4. sentence upon him is, that he be imprisoned in the Taxes
House of Correction for eighteen months. miscellaneous 71,968 81,401 9,433
The whole three Judges sat in this Court this
morning, for the purpose of passing sentence on those James Moulding, aged, 24; Win. Stlwood, 20 ; 12,689,514 12,660,034 90,503 119,983
-
prisoners who have been already found guilty. Wm. Rodburne, 19 ;1- I In. 3iidwinter, 28; and Deduct Increase
The following prisoners were then put up:— Thomas Smith, 30, were indicted for destroying a Decrease on the Quarter - 1 9.9,480
J. Blandford, J. Barrett, J. Moulds, of Hatch; threshing-machine, the property of Thomas Smith,
No. 111.
T 11,1,,n1/1, of Tishury : R. Pittman, J. Banstone, of Highworth.

The whole three Judges sat in this Court this
morning, for the purpose of passing sentence on those
prisoners who have been already found guilty.
The following prisoners were then put tip:—
J. Blandford, J. Barrett, J. Moulds, of Hatch;
J. Moulds, of Tisbury ; R. Pittman, J. Banstone,
T. Vining, T. Topp, S. Eyres, T. Rixen, C. Jer-
rard, W. Snook, E. White, T. Birt, and J. Targett,
Most of these had been convicted of the attack on
Mr. Benett's machines at Pyt-house. White was
acquitted of that charge, but had since been found
guilty of a similar offence. Blandford has been twice
convicted at this Commission of machine-breaking.
Mr. Baron VAUGHAN, after expressing a hope that
the fate which awaited the prisoners would be a
warning to other persons in their condition of life,
passed sentence on them, which was, that each of
them be transported for the term of seven years,
with the exception of Blandford, who was sentenced
to seven years transportation for each offence, and
J. Targett and S. Eyres, who were sentenced each
to twelve months' imprisonment and herd labour in
the House of Correction.
Another set, comprising William Bartlett, Wrn.
Moody, J. Beminster, Richard Whatley, James
House, Samuel Harfoid, William Bevan, J. Hunt,
Henry Potticary, William Farley, J. Wheeler, and
William Smith, were put to the bar, all convicted
of breaking machinery.
After a suitable address from Mr. Justice PARKE
they were all sentenced to seven years' transporta-
tion, except Whatley, Farley, and Bevan, who
were condemned, the first to twelve, the second to
six, and the third to three months' imprisonment
and hard labour in the House of Correction.
Thomas Alree, Thomas Light, William Cook,
W. Rogers, H. Herrington, Thomas Gauge, anti
William Luffman, who were convicted last night
before Mr. Justice Alderson of breaking a threshing-
machine, and afterwards of setting the fragments
of it on fire, were next put to th© bar to receive
sentence.
Mr. Justice ALDERSON sentenced them each to
seven years' transportation.
All the prisoners were then removed, many of
them sobbing aloud as they left the Court.
('harks Martin was put to the bar, charged with
robbing Wm. Windsor of four sovereigns.—The
prisoner was acquitted.
John Burrough and Wm. Hibberd were indicted

The Jury acquitted Moulding and Smith ; but
found a verdict of Guilty against the other prisoners.
They accompanied their verdict with a recommenda-
tion Jo mercy.

No. 111.
NCOME and CHARGE on the CONSOLIDATED FUND in the

QUARTERS ended Jan. 5, 1830 and 1831.

INCO3IE.

His LORDSHIP then repeated the wish of the
Court to be as lenient as possible to all persons who
might be misled, and sentenced Rodburn and Mid-
winter to one year's imprisonment. Selwood, on
account of his very excellent character, was let off
with six months' imprisonment.
Thomas Smith, 30, and James Moulding, 24., who
had been acquitted on a former indictment, were
convicted of breaking a threshing-m ichine, and sen-
tenced to be imprisoned for one year, and kept to
hard labour.

Customs
Excise
Stamps
Post Office
Taxes
Miscellaneous

To Cash brought from Civil List
Tontine Money
To Cash brought to this Account from
the Ways and Means to replace the
like sum issued out of the growing
produce of the Consolidated Fund
in Ireland, for Public Services

Quarters ended Jan. 5.

.£2,595,837
4,869,022
1,558,572
321,000
2,017,075
71,968

£2,68,,837
4,803,11 F:
1,585,683
277,000
2,062,030
81,401

11,433,475
1,025
11,570

11,490,069

Silas TVebb, 18, was convicted of having destroyed
a threshing-machine, the property of James Shelley,
at Downton.

776,579

11,688

38t),4'.2S

This youth received an excellent character, and
was recommended on account of it by the Jury to
the favourable consideration of the Court. His
master said, that if the Court would discharge him,
he should be glad to take him again immediately
into his service.

Mr. Justice ALDERSON said that it was a matter
of difficulty to know what to do with a young boy
convicted of an offence like the present. To sen-
tence him to a long imprisonment would be almost
to consign him to certain moral ruin. Ile would
not pass sentence upon him immediately, but would
order him to be brought up again in the course of
the afternoon.

...-
Shortly afterwards the Governor of the House
of Correction came into Court.

Mr. Justice ALDERsoN immediately asked him
whether he could keep this boy apart from the
other prisoner.
The Governor said that, whilst the boy was at
work, he had no means of preventing his communi-
cation with the other prisoners, but that he could
keep the boy apart from them when he was not at
work.

Mr. Justice ALDERSON—It would be advisable
o keep all these prisoners apart from the ordinary

12,2'.2•2,C49

Quarters el

11,5,82,185

dCd Jan 5.

FRANCE.

COUP D'ETAT !—DISSOLUTION of ARTILLERY o
NATIONAL GUARDS, by ROYAL ORDINANCE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING CHRONICLE-

Paris, January 1, 1831.
have a great deal to say to you, a great deal
more than I can find time to do on the first of January.
You know that with us the First of January is a national
as well as family fete. To-day we must empty our purses,
pay our bills, give bon-bone to all our mistresses, run about
from house to house, and wish " a good year to all our
acquaintances"—embrace in one day more ladies than per-
chance we have kissed during the whole year that has
passed--some of us pay our respects to the King—dine
with our families—drink champagne—laugh—sing—and
be merry—and treat the New Year with the same cour-
tesy as a child manifests for a new plaything. You can
scarcely then expect to-day a long letter—and yet you
must have one ; fur events march much quicker than
ever, and it is with difficulty I can keep pace with them in
my correspondence.
Let us to-day examine a coup d'etat which appears in the
lifonitour of this morning, and then the most important
debates which have have taken place in the Chamber of
Deputies during the week, which is now drawing to
a close.

Yes, the New Year has brought us a coup d'etat ! Is
this a good beginning? Is this likely to give satisfation
to Paris, or the Departments ? Let us first see what it
is, and then endeavour to understand the reasons for it.
We must be frank with all parties, and fear none. Louis
Philip is a good man, and an honest King—but after all he
is as liable to err as the rest of his species—and there may
be errors in judgment without affecting the heart.
Well, than, the Artillery of the National Guards is
dissolved by Royal Ordinance !!! You will read these
words with astonishment. You will ask, " Did you
expect this from your Lafitte Ministry ?" and you will
be inclined to refer to the Charter! I have done this
before you, and the following is the result of my
investigation.
The 66th Article of the Charter of August last con-
fides to the patriotism and courage of the " National
Guards" the Charter itself—and they have all sworn on
the Champ de Mars to respect it.
In the " Dispositions Particulieres" of the Charter, the
sth clause promises to France a law for " the organiza-
tion of the National Guards with the intervention of
themselves ha the choice of their officers." This law is
now under the consideration of the Chamber of Deputies,
and is likely to form the subject of a yet lengthened dis-
cussion.

Finally, the 13th Article of the Charter says, that
" the King may make Rules and Ordinances necessary for
the execution of the laws, without, however, the right of
suspending the laws, or of dispensing with their execution."
We perceive, then, that by virtue of the Charter, the
National Guards exist—that the new law to organize
them was not yet passed—that they, therefore, exist by
virtue of the old law, which has never yet been repealed,
and by virtue of the new Charter—and that the King
has not the right of suspending laws, but only of carrying
them into execution.

Now let us hear what is said in reply to this state-
ment—since our maxim is not the less just for being old ;
audi alteram partem.
True, say the supporters of this coup d'etat, an Ordi-
nance has appeared in the Moniteur of to-day, dissolving
the artillery of the National Guards ; but it is accom-
panied by a❑ order to re-organise it ; and even a Com-
mission has been named to carry that re-organization into
effect. True, say they ; the King has no right to sus-
pend or repeal laws by Ordinance; but he has a right to
make Ordinances for the carrying of laws into effect;
and this Ordinance, of which you complain, does not dis-
solve the artillery of the National Guards, but only re-
organizes them.
The reply to this defence is as follows :—Although the
Ordinance directs the re-organization of the artillery of
the National Guards ; yet it begins by dissolving them ;
and although the National Guards only exist by virtue of
the Revolution, and the Charter, and the old law, which
has never yet been repealed : still to dissolve the artillery
is to substitute an Ordinance for a law ; and is as much
as to say the Crown has the power of effecting that by
Ordinance which the Charter of August directed to be
accomplished by the three Powers in the State. For
nothing can be more clear than the following clauses from
that Charter :

" Le Chambre des Deputes declare, 3, qu'il est ne-
cessaire de pourvoir successixement par des lois, sepa-
rces, et dans le plus court delai possible, aux objets qui
suivent: * • 4. 4. *
• * 4 4 4 * *

" 5. L' organisation de la Garde Nationale, avec in•
tervention des Gardes Nationaux dans le choir de leuri
Officiers."

Thus, then, a Royal Ordinance is to dissolve the exist-
ing artillery of the National Guards, and then to direct
that "organisation" which was to be effected by a law !
" But remember," rejoin the advocates of this Ordi
nance, " that there are strong and urgent reasons for the
proceeding, and that it is a measure which will prevent
trouble and mischief." I say nothing in reply to this
argument of expediency, because it is always used by bad
men and had Ministers, as an excuse for bad measures.._
The defence of Charles X. and his Ex-Ministers amounted
to no more than this. They said that it was expedient to
make the Ordinances of July under the 14th Article of
the old Charter; and the people followed up this system,
and found out their 14th Article, and so made a Revo-
lution. Their 14th Article was the force of arms against
the force of illegality; and the people triumphed. But,
though I will not examine this hollow apology of expe-
diency, I will take the liberty of telling the truth as to
the " strong and urgent reasons" alluded to by the Mi-
nister of the Interior in his Report to the King, which
appears in this day's Moniteur, and also whi,pered about
in private circles, but no where written or printed. The
truth is as follows :

The artillery of the National Guards just dissolved by
Royal Ordinance consisted of young men. These young
men are a'most all republicans. They have no sort of ob-
jection to the Citizen King, but, on the contrary, respect
both himself and his family. But though they would de-
fend their King with courage and zeal, they think more
of the Republican Institutions than they do of the Mo-
narchy, and they submit to the latter for the sake of the
Increase. Decrease. former.

Ever since the creation of the corps of artillery they
have from time to time manifested their opinions, as well
on the parade as at the banquets, to be those of that
party which is " for marching with the revolution."
They have been for aiding the Belgians ! for assisting
the Poles ! for the party of Lafayette, Dupont de l'Eure,
and Odillon Barrot, in the Government, and for the Ex.
treme Gauche in the Chamber! Although the young
Duke of Orleans is one of their number, they have not
hesitated even before him to avow these opinions; and
although they have appeared at reviews, and made great
progress in their knowledge of the service, yet they have
required a vast many alterations in the present order of
things to satisfy their notions of what was meant by the
revolution of July. They were much opposed to the
Guizot Ministry—hate Dupin as much as they do Charles
X., and avow that they would prefer the return of Po-
lignac to power, with the old Bourbon dynasty, rather
than not follow up the revolution of July by the establish-
ment of republican institutions. M. Dupin, thouvh no
longer a Minister, has still a great influence at the Palais
Royal. He knows well the sentiments of the artillery ;
and lie opposed, on a very recent occasion, their being
supplied with cannon. M. Dupin thinks it dangerous to
trust cannon to the guidance and direction " of young,
hot-headed republicans," and has " prudently" asked,
whether such a thing would not be possible, as one day to
behold these cannon used against the upholders of a Con-
stitutional Monarchy ?—When these opinions were first
made known, the artillery declared, that if they were not
worthy of being trusted with cannon, they were not
worthy of being National Guards—and that they would
prefer to resign in preference to being deprived of the
weapons which it was their sole duty to direct. This
point not being brought to issue, the artillery kept their
cannon, and remained organized.
Since that time the trial of the Ex-Ministers of
Charles the Tenth has taken place. During that event,
and before the judgment was pronounced, it is said " that
a party of the artillery at the Louvre declared that in case
the Ex-Ministers should be acquitted by the Chamber of
Peers, they would march against the Chamber with their
cannon, and blow the Luxembourg into the air." Al-
though the judgment was not satisfactory, yet it did not
amount to an acquittal ; and although, therefore, the
threat was not executed, still, nearly all the artillery pro-
tested against the " mild" punishment inflicted on Po-
lignac as unjust. You know my opinion on this point,
and how I differ from the artillery of the National
Guards.

signed—others refused to mount guard—some expressed
their desire of tendering their resignation—and a large
majority asked, "Are we, or are we not, to stick to the
programme of the French Constitution, as agreed to at the
Hotel de Ville? " They petitioned and addressed the King
—and they told their griefs and fears to Soult himself ;
and the result has been, that the artillery of the National
Guards has been dissolved by Royal Ordinance ! and the
re organization entrusted to Lobau, Pernetty, Dumas, De
Schonen, and others.

Scarcely had the artillery become calm on the subject of
this verdict, than tt ey learnt with the deepest regret the
resignation of Lafayette, for whom they entertained the
most profound and enthusiastic respect and affection. They
were also much disconcerted by the retirement of Dupont
de l'Eure, and Odillon Barrot, and they
expressed
in decided terms to the King, to Lafayette, to Lo-
bel', to the Minister of the Interior, and to the Govern-
meat generally, their dissatisfaction and alarm. Some re-

You have now the history of this coup (Fetal, and I
merely ask you one question—Do you think that by this
measure differences will be healed, opinions reconciled, en-
mities removed, and harmony established ? Your answer
must be i❑ the negative, and such must be the answer of
every moderate man. No, no'; our Revolution has not
terminated. 0. P. Q.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.