The Sun.
London, England, 1831-06-11 00:00:00

PRICE 7D.

BRAZILIAN REVOLUTION.

(From the Times.)
Since carting the account of the Brazilian revo-
lution yesterday, and the statement on the same
:abject, which will be found in another part of this
day's page-, we have received a mass of newspapers,
proclamations, and other documents on the subject,
which put us in possession of 'all the circumstances
if the event, and leave us in no doubt respecting its
cause. The chief papers and documents to which
,ve allude are numbers of the Diario Mercantil,

from the 6th to the 13th ; and of the ,Dario Flu-
minense, from the 9th to the 12th of April ; two
short pamphlets, entitled RCSIIIIIO Historic() da Rc-
volucao Regenteradora do dia 7 de 44441*(Histaricail
Summary of the Regenerating Revolution of April
7), and Breve IVoticia sobre a Revolurao do 7 de
Aril (Short Notice of the Revolution of April 7),
" the Proclamation of the Representatives of the
Nation to the Brazilian People on the glorious Revo-
lution," the Act of Abtlicatic7. by the Er7peror, awl
the Decree by which the Emperor appoints the

guardian of his children.
A minute recapitulation of the contents of theft.
papers could not have much interest for the generality
of our readers. They sufficiently estabii,h the cot-
rectness of the view which we yesterday toek
the causes of the recent revolution, and show the

imprudence of the Emper:.)r in its immediate
provocation. " Time wou!ci fail us," says the
author of the Return° Hisiorico, "if we were
to analyse all the causes of our critical situa-
tion before the 7th of April. It may be suf-
ficient to state the principal points,—namely, the
incapacity of the Ministers; the Engli,::; Loan and
its dilapidation ; the war of the south, and the im-
becility of our Chiefs by sea and land; ,;le yoke of
the Portuguese party; and lastly, the excessive
luxury and immorality of the Court and courtiers."
The veal and crying grievance in the eyes of the
native subjects of the Emperor was, the preference
given to the Portuguese—the connexion of the Em-
peror with European politics—and the dilapidations
lof the national resources for the promotion of

family objects. Hence for the pteseni the only re-1
medy sought was the removal of the Court, the
exile of the young Qum of Portugal, and the ap-
pointment of a native Regency to act in the name of
the Imperial minor Don Pedro 11.
Though the revolution was completed in one day,
preparations for it had been going on for nearly a
month; and for upwards of a fortnight an explosion
of insurrectionary violence was daily expected. The
Emperor, after a tour in the provinces, had returned
to his capital on the 12th and 13th of March, and
from that time to the 7th of April the inhabitants of
Rio were kept in constant agitation.
It appears that on his return he was received
with every apparent testimony of loyalty and affec-
tion, but that in the night of the 13th of Match an
affray, attended with bloodshed, occurred between the
Portuguese and the Brazilians. On the 15th of
March, at the solemn entry of the Emperor, the ex-
cesses were continued. Some of the persons who

accompanied him on horseback committed various
insolent acts, threatening the citizens with their
whips if they did not cry out " Long live the Em-
peror," " Death to the Republic." " The police
are accused of conniving at the rioters, and the firm
conviction of the generality of the Brailians, says
the Intelligencer, is, that the whole was caused by
the influence and under the auspices of the agents of
the Executive. Violence succeeds to violence, no
Brazilian is secure; it is reckoned a crime to show
patriotic sentiments,—to wear the national cockade."
In consequence of these events, an appeal was sent
to the Emperor on the 17th of March, signed by 25
members of the Chamber of Deputies,whicb vie sub.
join to this article.
To this address an answer was returned the fol.
lowing day, declaring that measures had been taken
to maintain order and tranquillity, and, by decrees of
the same day, the Emperor dismissed four of his Mi-
nisters, and appointed others ip their room.
On the 25th of March, the seventh anniversary of
the establishment of the constitution of Brazil was
celebrated by every demonstration of attachment to
the Emperor.
Their Imperial Majesties, who were present at a
review of the troops, were welo.med with accla-
mations by the spectators and the soldiers, and at
night the city was brilliantly illuminated. On ac-
count of the late events, some fears of farther dis-
turbances were entertained, but happily they were
not realized.
On the 3d of April his Majesty issued a decree,
convoking an extraordinary meeting of the General
Legislative Assembly.
The Emperor had discarded one set of Minis-
ters and selected another more unpopular, and when
pressed to change the latter, he had neither the power
to resist nor the wisdom to yield. Like Charles X.
with his Polignacs and Peyronnets, or the King of
Holland with his Van Meaner's, he insisted that he
had a right to choose his own servants and to retain
his own favourites. On the other hand, the people—
led, no doub., by persons who contemplated more
than a change of ministry,—refused to be satisfied
till they saw the throne surrounded With different
counsellors. A perpetual c y was kept up against
the expenses of the Court, and the insolence of the
Portuguese,—or what the Brazilian reformers called,
by terms coined for the occasion, Aulismo and Lusi-
tanismo The people were flattered with the title
of Povo heroic°, and remindA of the late popular
insurrections of Europe, with their results on public
liberty. As in France and Belgium, the represen-
tatives of the nation, the public press, and the most
stirring spirits of the capital, were for a change;
and, acted upon by the united force of these bodies,
the army could not long remain faithful. When,
therefore, the Emperor was threatened by a mob, he
could appeal to no pail of the nation for assistance,
and " a riot," as in another country, became " a re-
volution."
The Emperor, who was at his eduntry palace, was
repeatedly summoned to surrender his Ministry. De-
putation after deputation waited upon him for that
purpose in vain. His guards at last deserted him,
and joined their fellow-subjects. He had then no
other resource but in abdicating the throne in favour
of his son, and a.,king an asylum on board a British
ship. The cries and imprecations of the people,
which bad before been so alarming,. were now changed
into congratulations and signs of joy.
The following is the Emperor's act of abdication:
" In exercise of the right which die Constitution allows,
I declare that I have voluntarily abdicated in favour of my
much beloved and dear son, Den Pedro D'Alcantara.
" PEDRO.

" Boa Vista, April 7.
" The 10th of the Independence of the Empire."
The Representatives of the nation irmodiately
met, and appointed a Regency to a;:t in the name of
the young Emperor. The 'foreign Ambassador:',
with the Pope's Nuncio at their head, dieading
some disturbance from the change of ruler, went on
board the Warspite along with the Emperor, and
thence addressed a representation to the Provisional
Government, claiming its protection in behalf of
the subjects of their respective nations. This repre-
sentation is signed, among others, by the English
Chargé d'Affaires, Mr. Arthur Aston, and by the
Count de Sabugal, " Envoy Extraordinary and Mi-
nister Plenipotentiary of the Regency of Terceira."
On the 9,h of April, two days after the flight of his
father, the infant Emperor proceeded to the Imp
rial Chapel to celebrate a Te Deum for the glorious
revolution which had placed the crown on his young