The Sun.
London, England, 1838-04-24 00:00:00

ghe auu.

WITH WHICH
" THE TRUE SUN" IS NOW
INCORTORATED.

LONDON •
TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 24, 1838.

OPENING OF THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.
Considerable exertions have been made for some
time past to op:n the " Great Western" Railway in
the course of next month, and we understand it will
be perfectly ready by the 25th of May—that the Di-
vetors will hare the large plant of engines and car-
riages running during the week imrnediaZlY following
that day, to prove every thing in order—and :hat the
line to Maidenhead will be open to the public on the
4th of June.
As the Eton Montem is on the sth, Ascot Races,
on the 10th, and the Coronation of her Majesty, on
the 26th June, we do not wonder at the Directors
haring made some effort to be ready at the time now
intended. We are quite sure that the delay which
has occurred beyond the time first contemplated for the
opening, will be amply compensated by the substantial
nature and perfect finish of the works ; and further, that
the travelling on this important line of communication
with the Southern and Western Counties, the whole
of South Wales, and at least the half of Ireland, will
create a most favourable impression on the tens of
thousands who will resort to it during ito first month—
a month so memorable in the future history of our
country.

It is now rumoured that the QUEEN is not to go to
Ireland ; but her MAJESTY ought to go. She ought
to diffuse all the advantages of her Court as much as
p)ssible over every part of her empire. To sanction
the just Government of Lord MULGRAVE by her
presence, would have a moral influence both over the
discomfited oppressors and the relieved oppressed,
which would be of incalculable advantage. It would
give durability to the improved system. We shall
learn, therefore, with great regret, that the rumour that
her MAJESTY does not intend to visit the different
parts of her dominion after her Coronation, is well
founded.

The mass of useful and practical benevolence which
comes daily into operation is, we believe, much over-
looked by those meddling fools, who think everything
neglected which they do not prescribe, and who are,
therefore, disposed to enact laws fur every human
action. Our paper so-day contains the rules of
to us a new and most useful Society, called
the " Commercial Travellers' Society of Scot-
land." Their object is to " estaLlish a fund fur
the relief of members incapable of attending to
business in consequence of sickness, and for securing
a reversionary payment for funeral charges on the
death of members." Exposed as the members of this
Society are to every ficissitude of the weather, and so
numerous as to expend, we are informed, 20,0001.
per day for their expenses, they must be very
liable to sickness, and must require the aid of
those mutual insurances which destroy the crushing
power of disease, by spreading the charge of bearing it
amongst a great many. All such Societies are deserv-
ing of public encouragement, for they promote the in-
dependence of their members, and guard the public
against the consequences of individuals being poor and
distressed. They are an evidence, too, not to he over-
looked, of the capability and wiLingness of the masses
to attend to the calls of prudence and charity.
They serve to raise higher and higher our estimate of
human nature, and to, make each individual better
pleased with his fellow-creatures, and more proud of
the species to which he belongs. The rules of the
Society seem to us well calculated to answer the object
proposed, and worthy to be adopted by other similar
Societies.

The Times has got a flourishing account this morn-
lug of Sir FRANCIS BURDETT'S proceedings at
Stockport, which omits, as is prudent in the Times,
the important fact that the poor Baronet was so coldly
received, that he escaped as soon as possible.
Scarcely two score persons honoured him by their
company ; and from them the Baronet ran away. The
men of Stockport were ashamed to be seen with. him.
They have a just moral perception, and properly shrank
from the contamination of such a political tumbler as
Sir FIIANCIS.

We are surprised that the Yorkshiremen left this ju-
dicious example to be set by their Stockport neigh-
bours, and attended, in however small numbers, to
grace the journey of the apostate. Now, however,
that the example has been set, and now that the once
Honourable and patriotic Baronet has been compelled
to run away from the neglect of one large town, we
bope that his vanity will never again be gratified by
reciving that applause which ought only to be given
to the consistent and laborious servants of the public.
Sir FRANCIS thought to carry his once great popu-
larity over to the Tory eau-e, but leaving that behind,
the Tories now find that be has only added to their
disgrace by encumbering them with his damaged
character.

Mt: conduct of the Archbishop of COLOGNE—the
eager interference of the POPE in his behalf—and the
authority claimed by that potentate to regulate in
Foreign. States domestic matters not purely religious or
ecttesiastical, has naturally excited the jealousy of
_Prussia, Austria, and Russia. The Emperor of
R u.sstA lately issued an order, prohibiting the intro-
duction of all Papal edicts into his dominions. A

Royal ordinance is about to he published at Berlin,
relative to the illegal distribution of papers proceeding
from Papal agents ; and Austria has followed the ex-
ample of Prussia, by sequestrating the revenues of
three Hungarian Bishops, who had proclaimed their
adherence to the opinions of the Archbishop of
COLOGNE, relative to mixed marriages. This is the
proper way to deal with intcrineddling priests. The
rights which the clery in this country assume
with regard to appointments by the Crown, ex-
emplified in their conduct towards the Regius
Professor of Divinity at Oxford, show that this
iwermeddling spirit is not confined to Catholic
priests, but such an instance of intolerance and pre-
sumption is nothing compared with the pretensions of
1 the POPE. He claims a right to interfere in the Go-
► f emu-lent of Foreign States, He would maintain an
inParnlpl iu imprio, as in the worst days of the Papal
tiyrenyu,and dictate to the sovereigns or representative
pf other countries, laws not for the solem-
i;
assemi);;
ceremony, but. for annul-
nization of a purely tvii.g-"Q
ling rights created by an engagement which ;n r,-.,
testant England and Catholic France is regarded
as a civil contract. It was this encroaching spirit
that paved the way for the reformation in this coun=
try, and whatever may have been the real motives
of Henry VIII., every friend of liberty and national
independence must give him credit for the courage
with which he shook off the yoke, and established a
system of religion entirely independent of a foreign
Power. The unanimity with which the three Great
Powers on the Continent seem to act in this affair'
together with the beneficial effects which even Cathoa
lies admit flow from the practice in England and
I• Vrante, cannot fail to be attended with good conse,
quences. Religious liberty led to the establishment of
e',:!/il liberty in both these countries. Ignorance and
its offspribigotry are gradually disappearing in the
Continental States fast of the Rhine, and, under such
circumstances, the very discussion of this question
Imust be for the benefit of both Sovereign and people,
We look forward at no distant day to the time when
they „,;:: !ollow the example of England, and pass a
law declaring that no foreign Prince, Prelate, State,
pr ought to have, any jurisdiction,
or Potentate, bath,
within their respective
power, superiority, or author
4
realms.

an article which we insert entire,.
The Herald, in A
repeats this morning the assertion that our merchants,
have made large purchases of corn abroad in expectas:
tion of Colonel SEALF's Bill becoming law, Wo;
make no pretensions to have received any information!
on the subject, but we supposed that the cold and
backward Spring afforded a more reasonable explanatin
of the alleged purchases of our merchants, than the
exi;ectation that the landlords in the I-louse of Peers
would ever (.2..
nsent to pass Colonel SEALE'S measure.
We must leave our' readers to decide which theory
gacity of our merchants.
does the most honour to tft;.:sa
In reply to the Herald's tira,2:" against " free
:ocernng
trade journals" and " cheap declamation.it
Corn-laws, and its own vindication of what:
calls protection for " native industry," we must
content ourselves with a few sentences. We are
convinced, by some attention to the subject, and the
example of the Corn-law advocates, that reasoning and
facts are alike thrown away on the expediency-mon-
gers, who can argue themselves into the belief that t .
shut out a supply of food, and to lay impediments in th
way of our ship-owners and merchants importing wha
cargoes they like, and in the way of our manufacturer
exchanging their cotton-cloth for the corn of Polar*.
or Prussia, that now to inflict a palpable i
jury on the commerce of the country will
at some future time of great benefit to th
people. The Corn-law enacts " that however
much cotton-cloth our manufacturers, and however
much corn the inhabitants of Prussia may have to
sell, and whatever may be the price of these commodi-
ties, not one web of this cloth shall be given for a
quarter of this corn, till wheat sell in our own markets
for 735. per quarter, unless it pay a duty proportionate
to the price, so that wheat may if possible be always
sold to our manufacturers at the rate of 735. per quar-
ter. This law restricting our manufacturers to buying
only corn, till it reach a certain price, of English growth
is made by those who have corn to sell. It is as clear a
case of one class plundering or robbing another, by
means of a law, and God knows such cases are both
numerous and flagrant, as is to be found in the whole
compass of history. Seeing the influence which
country gentlemen and their advocates have had over
the public mind, by rireging the changes on such
fine phrases, as " protection to native industry,"
" independence of foreigners," " native grown wheat,"
Sze., we have come to the conclusion that to argue
such a question by decimal fractions, touching prices
here and abroad, &c., is a wrong mode of proceeding,
and that the only way to get rid of the scoundrel law
is to speak of it plainly as it deserves. Who in his
senses, in speaking of robbery, stops to argue its re-
mote advantages ; though it is possible that it may be
not wholly and altogether without them ? Robbery
is not in our estimation made one particle less ob-
noxious or less repugnant to morality by being solemnly
decreed by those landowners who are to profit bye
it. The mental perversion caused by such reason-
ing, is made apparent by the conclusion to which
the Corn-law advocates come. The writer in the
Herald describes this restriction on our manufactures
and merchants as protection for native industry, as if
they were not a part of the community as well as the
landowners. Another newspaper writer, notorious for
his fallacies, asserted not long ago that to repeal the
Corn Laws would ruin our manufacturers and our,
merchants ; and on their behalf he condemned Mr.
VILLIERS' late motion. We are quite satisfied by
such examples that reasoning and facts are the wr
ongg
weapons with which to combat the Corn Law advo-
cates, though it can be and has been proved over and
over again that a perfectly free trade in corn would
much benefit the corn grswers of England—who in
proportion to their capital, pay more wages, and
are consequently greater sufferers by a high rent being
exacted on all time corn their labourers or their animals
consume, and on all the earn they use for seed, than
any other employers of labour. As reasoning and facts
are alike wasted on the landowner, we have come to
the resolution of speaking of the Corn-laws only with
that indignation which all such nefarious schemes of
legislation deserve.
As to the contradiction which the Herald supposes
it has discovered in our article, it is quite welcome to
all the advantage it can reap from it. To have
extended its quotation three lines further, would
have shown its readers, that " imperceptibly ope-
rative" was meant to apply only to apparent prices in
our own market, whic;;, owing to the bounties of Provi-
dence in sending us favourable seasons, and Rot id the
plundcting landlords, have not risen since 1828 to the
famine level, and now, only for the first time, threaten
it. 'We admit, at the same time, that a more guarded
and qualified language, which a newspaper writer can,
however, seldom use, would have better expressed our
opinion ; for while we were speaking of the Corn-law,
as stinting the food of our people, and crippling
our commerce, we could not mean that its ope-
rations were to us and others wholly imper-
ceptible, but only imperceptible to those who do
not look for the operation of the law beyond its
immediate effects. We freely give our Contemporary
the benefit of our unguarded language ; but shall not,
therefore, admit that the Corn-law, which curtails our

supply of food, and puts shackles on the willing in
dustry of our manufacturers and our merchants, is not
one of the most mischievous laws which with plun-
dering avarice - ever encumbered the Statute •book.
Neither shall we believe, though the Spitaltields'
weavers may take their notions of political economy
fr:nn the Herald, that " the partial protection of na-
tive industry secured by the Corn Laws," is the only
cause why the mass of the labouring population of
England is not reduced to the level of the band-loom
weavets. " The principle of securing home markets
to home producers" may be an excellent one ; but for
such of our manufactures, the cotton for example,
which both draws its whole material from foreign
countries, and prOduces a large proportion of its
Finished work for the foreign market, it is wholly inap-
plicable. In truth, '' native" and " home," as applied
to our political empire, to the dominions under the
Government of the QUEEN, have no meaning in com-
merce and manufactures.

The friends of humanity will rejoice with us to learn
that all experiment is about to be tried which, we hope,
may tend to mitigate the sufferings of our fellow.
creatures—particularly those upon whom, by the de.
privation of their reason, the severest visitation of Pro-
' *dence has fallen. In that receptacle of human woe
e Middlesex Pauper Lunatic Asylum, at Hanwell,
e daily number of patients treated during the year
837 was 608, and of these twenty-seven were in that
at cured,
Our readers will naturally be anxious, before we
roceea, to develop the new plan, to ascertain by what
moral treatment so many as four and a half out ol
every hundred lunatics treated in one year Cola have
been restored to reason. A recent report of that In;
stitution states that " the men are daily occupied;
according to their previous habits and abilities, as
bricklayers, joiners, stonemason, painters, glaziers, shoe*
makers, tailors, coopers, blacksmiths, fartners., gar-
deners, spinners of twine ; the female patients niat
only serve in the place of hired servants in the per-
formance of the domestic duties, but they are also
much employed in spinning twine, in the gardens, farm,:
dairy, and other out-door labour. A room has been'
set apart as a small bazaar for the working and dis.-'
posing of fine needle-work. This has proved highly.
advantageous. The ornamental work, and the °cell-)
pation ;(7.v
,e brought back associations of feeling that
_most salutary. There ie every reason to believe that:
.ome of the patients have, in consequence of the esta-:
'lishment of this bazaar, absolutely recovered. —(Re
ort, 1E337, pp. 9, 10.)
As the Visiting Justices, by the resignation of Sir
TILLIAM and Lady al.'s, are deprived of their
044b1e services, and under whose admirable treatment
nd moral niftmagernent the twenty-seven cures were
erformed in the year 1837, have naturally been most
anxious in the selection of a resident physician to suc-
ceed
Sir WILLIAM ELLIS, to find one who would
not only carry out all the moral plans which have thus
been so successful in curing insanity, but one who
might also be enabled to introduce others which may
ent: to keep up the high reputation which this institu-
lion has of;
'eined as a curative establishment ; and in
are happy to inform our readers
this laudable object Nw.;
that the Visiting Justices tii,:ye been most successful
in their choice at the recent election a appliedg
" The profits of the Bazaar are to be to the
purchase of an organ," and it is now intended to erect a
small Theatre in the Asylum at Hanwell, in which, " a
*series of farces" is to be performed. Dr. MILLINGEN
alas himself written some most excellent farces and
dramatic works, among which the following are well-
known :—" Name the Winner ;" ~ 'Who'll lend me a 1
Wife ;" The King's Fool;" " The illustrious Stran-
ger ;', Love Laughs at Bailiffs;" " Spring and Au-
tumn ;" " Ladies at Home ;" " The Bee-Hive."
There are other subjects which we would commend to
the notice of Dr. MILLINGEN, among which " The
Joke of the Wine-merchant of Bordeaux," and " Re-
miniscences of a Gin Palace,"—both these topics when
viewed in connexion with, and exhibited to the popu-
lation
of, the Hanwell Lunatic Asylum, would, under
his dramatic pen make admirable farces, and excite
" roars of laughter" from the audience.
The Lunatic Report from the Hanwell Asylum,
from which we have just quoted, describes the miracu-
Aus effects of the moral treatment of the patients. It
I. says " the establishment presents rather the appear-
ance of a little independent colonf than of a Sick
Hospital, each one taking a share in prumoting the
general welfare ;" in short, all are busy and bustling
among the patients. As the subject is so appropriate
(and out of compliment to Dr. MILLINGEN), it is
intended by the Visiting Justices of the Middlesex
County Lunatic Asylum to open the intended Theatre
there, by reviving Dr. MILLINGBN'S farce of " The
Bee Hive," originally produced at the Theatre Royal
Drury-lane in 1.M.1.
We think the idea of private theatricals well calcu-
lated, as an auxiliary to the other moral plans, to keep
up the high character of the Hanwell Establishment,
as a place where insanity is cured ; and We shall anx-
iously await the result. Due notice shall be given to
our readers of the first or any succeeding farces which
may be performed in the Hanwell Asylum.

The Paris Journals of Sunday have ah us.
On Saturday the Chamber of Peers was occupied
with the Greek Loan Bill, the debate upon which
was adjourned till yesterday. MM. VILLEMAIN and
MONTALEMBERT attacked the Government for not
taking more effectual measures to check the aggressive
policy of Russia. A year had hardly elapsed after the
Convention of 1832, before the AUTOCR AT wrung from
Turkey the treaty of Unkiar Skelessi, which reduced
the SULTAN to the rank of a vassal of the CZAR. The
President of the Council referred to Ancona and
Antwerp in vindication of the line of policy adopted
by France. It is evident from the debate that the
pacific system, particularly as regards Russia, has
powerful enemies in the Chamber of Peers, as well as
among the Deputies.
The Ministerial Journals are wholly engrossed with
the scheme for reducing the Five per Cents. The
Debats denounces it as the herald of dire calami(ea
to the middling classes. Already, according to this
organ, has there been a loss of thirty-six millions of
francs. The old fundholders are driven by neces-
sity to vest their property in shares and specu-
lations. Jobbing thrives upon the ruin of public
credit. Even in one day (Saturday) the Rentes fell a
franc and a half, so great was the rush to get rid
of them before the compulsory conversion. The
ultra-Liberal papers, on the contrary, laud the deter-
mination of the Ministers to desert the Rentiers, whom
they designate a ewarm of locusts. It is certainly
contrary
to every principle of justice that a whole na-
tion should be perpetually taxed to
interest of a debt which it has the means of discharging,t
and it is willing either to discharge or oc exorbitant
thine, subject to the 7::!° of interest for which money
to any amount, on the same seeiriiT, if to be had
in the market.

11 reached

The following telegraphic despatch, from Bayonne,
appeared in the official columns of the Charte of Sa-
turday night :

. -
" BAYONNE, April 19.—The French Ambassador at Ma-
drid writes to me that according to a report received from
General Carondelet, Negri presented himself before Valla-
dolid on the 12th, and was vigorously repulsed by the garrison.
" There were no tidings of Basilio since the dispersion of
his faction,
The Senate has voted the projected loan by a makr:ty of
86 to 3 "

If it be true that AGUADO persists in refusing to