The Sun.
London, England, 1836-08-29 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 29, 1836

Servia is still expected from Constantinople. The present
system of administrationis only provisional.
VIENNA, Ana, O.—Five per Cents., 1041 ; Four per
Cents., 100 1-16 ; Three per Cents., 75 1-16 ; Bank Shares,
I,3s2.—Allgenzeine Zeitung.--,August 24.
HAMBURG BORSEN HALLE, Auc. 26.
Bills. Money.
Austrian Metalliques, 5 per cent.
Ditto ditto 4 per cent. 99 98%
Ditto ditto 3 percent.
Ditto Bank Shares l3OB 1336
Russian 5 per cents. Metal.
Anglo-Russian Loan 105% 103%
Paper Inscription, 6 per cent _..
Russian Inscription, Hope and Co., 3d and 4th
Series
Ditto, Certificates
Portuguese Regency Bends, 5 per cent.....
Ditto, 3 per cent. 431,i 43
Dutch N per Cents. 54% 54%
Ditto 5 per Cents —
Polish Bonds, 3 per cents.
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per cents 73% 7,4%
Norwegian Loan of IEO4, 4 per cents.
spanish, in piastres, 3 per Cents —
Cortes Loan, 5 per Cent 31% 31
Greek 4 per cents. 1g33, guaranteed by France
EXCHANGES ON LONDON.
HAMBURG, Ave. 23.--13 g ; two months, 136%.
ST. PETERSOURCH, AUG. la—Three months, 10%.
Blitium, Auc. 23.—Three months, 6.23.
—Hamburg Papers, Aug. 26.

The Reform Association has just published a very
seasonable admonition to the Branch Associations
throughout the country, reminding them of the duties
incumbent on them at the present important conjunc-
ture. The Tories are not to be allowed to disfranchise
the Liberal voters by objections which are sustained
only by the absence of the parties objected against.
Against this disingenuous and pettifogging system of
tactics it becomes all Reformers to be on their guard,
and it is especially the duty of the Local Associa-
tions to look after and defeat such machinations. It

is to be remembered that the Courts of Revision are
held this year a month later than last year. They
must be held "at some time between the 15th day
of October inclusive, and the 25th day of November
inclusive."

Mr. HUTT, the Member for Hull, has just ad-
dressed aletterto the Secretary of the Hull Reform Asso-
ciation, wherein he says, " Great Britain has no Con-
stitution ; every thing depends on the caprice of a few
Noble Lords. I have hardly any report to make to
you, but of insults to the national representatives, and
injuries to the nation. I have no good measure even
to name, without feelings of shame and indignation.
I have no hope to hold out for the future, except in
the prospect of Peerage Reform." The above are
sentiments which are daily and hourly making progress
among the people. Even men the most moderate in
their opinions, and the most distrustful of innovations,
are now wakening to a conviction that the House of
Lords must be reformed—a conviction to which they
have been not a little assisted by the late insulting,
braggadocio speech of the Tory Ex-Chancellor. Mr.
HUTT goes on to say, " Either Lord MELBOURNE
must take another step, or the country will require
another Minister. This is my deliberate conviction,
and I express it with an earnest hope that his Lord-
ship will not be found wanting on this great occasion.
If, unhappily, it should prove otherwise ; if nothing be
done by Ministers, with a view to preventing another
such absurd session as that which has just closed, I
shall not be found next year among the supporters of
Government. Nor am I singular in this intention.
Many earnest Reformers in the Commons are weary
of attending, to support proposals of Reform which
end in nothing ; and I am but one of a powerful party,
when I say that the course which I may pursue next
year, depends altogether on what may then be the po-
licy of Ministers." This is a significant hint, which we
hope and trust will not be lost on Government. At pre-
sent the country places implicit reliance on their integrity
of purpose, but will as certainly withdraw it, should
they allow another Session to roll away without taking
some decisive steps to reduce the refractory Tory
Lords to obedience. The temporizing system can no
longer be continued with safety. Ministers must take
resolution and promptitude to their aid, and either
consent to move onward at a rate proportioned to the
just expectations of the Reformers, or else quit the
helm, and make room for those who are less dilatory
in their movements. Mr. HUME read them a lesson
on this subject towards the close of the Session, when
alluding to the unsatisfactory character of the English
Church Reform Bill, and long before the next com-
mences, a similar lesson will have been read to them by
every enlightened Constituency in the Kingdom.

We find the following important communication,
dated " St. Jean de Luz, August 21, Half-past Five
p.m.," in the Chronicle of this morning, purporting to
be from the regular Correspondent of our Contempo-
rary :—" This moment a shallop from St. Sebastian
arrived off the fort below the town, and from the pas-
sengers (among whom were two Englishmen) I heard the
following extraordinary but most gratifying intelligence :
During yesterday every individual connected with the
British Legion,fi-omthe highestto the lowest, received
infrda all arrears of pay and allowances, and there
now prevail throughout the force nothing but content-
ment and zeal in the cause in which they are engaged.
The money arrived from Madrid, it is said, on Friday."

We cannot vouch for the correctness of this state-
ment. The money, it is said, came from Madrid. By
whom was it supplied ? We are confident it was not
found in the Treasury.

We have just seen a pamphlet entitled " The Pro-
gress of Russia in the East," which gives a curious and
instructive expose of the course of policy pursued by
the:unprincipled Cabinet of St. Petersburg, from the
days of PETER the GREAT down to the present
period. The pamphlet is remarkable for its condensed
information, and contains a map of all the encroach-
ments which Russia has made on Persia, Turkey,
Poland, the Krimea, and the provinces of the Cau-
casus—territories which she has possessed herself of
without the shadow of a right, and with a craft and
subtlety unparalleled in the annals of diplomatic ma-
noeuvrings. In the year 1781, for instance, when
CATHERINE the Second was on the throne, this am-
bitious Power, being desirous of forming some esta-
blishments on the Persian coast with an eye to future
conquests, requested permission of AGA MAHMED
the Persian Viceroy, to build a " counting-house" on
the shore of the Caspian, which modest request being
thoughtlessly complied with, " Count VOINOVITCH,'
says our auther, "the Commander of the Russian squa-
dron, immediately set about constructing a fortress to
defend the harbour, at the distance of about fifty miles
from the city of Asterabat, which he furnished with
eighteen guns ;" and of course maintained his mili-
tary counting-house establishment on the coast, despite
all the opposition which Persia, whose eyes were
opened but too late, could bring to bear against him.
In a similar tricky spirit, Russia, in the days of Po-
TEMKIN, made her first serious encroachments on
Asiatic Turkey. By assuming the form of a me-
diator, and disguising her intentions beneath the
cloak of moderation, she completely threw the Su-
blime Porte off its guard, adopting in her ma-
nifesto, almost the very words which she lately
used when addressing Poland immediately subse-
quent to the revolution of 1830. She protested, and
called heaven to witness, that she was actuated by
none but the most friendly feelings towards the SUL-
TAN; that the bare idea of aggrandizing herself at his
expense was abhorrent to her notions of justice ; that
she merely kept a few troops on his frontier in order to
keep down the rebellious spirit of some of his pachas ;
and yet, at the very time when she was making these
protestations, she was hastening the march of an army
into Turkey, which soon wrested from that Power
some of its finest provinces Bessarabia, Livonia,
Courland, Lithuania, and the southern Ukraine she

gained possession of by the same underhand means,
and, but that the jealousy of Europe is at length
roused, would long ere this have established a third
Russian capital in Constantinople. Even now, though
apparently inactive, she is exerting her utmost vigi-
lence to secure, not only this important prize, but the
acquisition also of the frontier provinces of Persia, in
order that she may reduce the SCHAH, as she has al-
ready reduced the independent chiefs of the Caucasus,
to a state of absolute vassalage, and facilitate the march
of troops to our Indian possessions. There is nothing,
in fact, too daring for the ambition of this giant
'Power. She has vast resources at command, together
with a Cabinet cool, sagacious, and skilled in all the

arts of political intrigues, and not to be diverted from
its course by any sense of what is due to honour and
justice. Such being the case, France and England
should keep their attention constantly fixed, with a
wholesome distrust, on the proceedings of Russia as
regards Persia and the Sublime Porte,for as the author
of the pamphlet before us, shrewdly observes, " Peace
in Europe can be preserved only so long as Turkey is
preserved. If the Ottoman Empire should indeed
crumble to pieces, as some have supposed it is crum-
bling, the distribution of the fragments would not be
effected without bloodshed. The only chance, there-
fore, of maintaining peace is to maintain the integrity'
of Turkey."

We adverted briefly, on Thursday last, to an excellent
pamphlet published by RI DGWAY, under the title of
Remarks on the present state of Agriculture. The
author of this phamphlet, the Chairman of the late
Agricultural Committee of the House of Commons,
has laid before the public the result of the labours of
the Committee, and in so doing has performed an ac-
ceptable service to his country. Many persons engaged
in agricultural pursuits, whose minds have bean biassed
by prejudice or false representations, will find an autho-
ritative and safe guide in Mr. SHAW LEFEVRE.
We say authoritative, because the author's reason-
ings and recommendations are founded on the evidence
adduced before the Committee—that evidence, be it ob-
served, coming not out of the mouths of land-agents
and corn-factors, but from witnesses actually engaged
in agriculture—practical, working men, against whose
testimony no suspicion can lie—no suspicion, at least,
of indifference to the interests of the farmer.

In the numerous petitions presented to the House of
Commons complaining of agricultural distress, the
chief subjects of complaint were tithe, county-rate, high-
way-rate, and poor-rate. These Mr. LEFEVRE dis-
patches successively with a very few remarks. Tithe,
as a grievance to the agriculturist, has been abolished.
The only portion of the county-rate, the burden of
which can be diminished, is that expended in prosecu-
tions, and there is no doubt that some new arrange-
ment with respect to this branch of expenditure will be
effected in a short time, and will to a certain small ex-

tent benefit the farmer. The same remark applies to
the highway-rate. On the important subject of the
poor-rate we find the following observations, which we
are sure will afford high gratification to all who re-
gard the moral state of that numerous class compre-
hended under the term " poor" as a subject of the
deepest national importance :
The Poor Rate has hitherto been a great burthen to the
farmer, in those districts in which agriculture has been de-
pressed from other causes. Whenever an opportunity offered
for obtaining satisfactory evidence of the working of the new
Poor Law Bill, the Committee did not fail to take advantage
of it ; and it is gratifying to learn, from various parts of the
country, that the effects of this measure have exceeded the

anticipations of its most sanguine advocates. Admitting the
last eighteen months to have been a period peculiarly favorable
to the trial of this experiment; owing to the low price of pro-
visions, and the great demand for labour, the saving under the
head of poor rate has been far greater than could have been
expected in so short a time, and if any portion of this amount
has been spent in additional labour for the cultivation of the
soil, a double benefit must have ensued both to the labourer
and his employer.
But the moral effects of this important measure will be yet
more beneficial to the agriculturist than the pecuniary relief.
The agricultural labourer is already aware, that under the new
system of administering relief, the parish must, in future, be
his last, instead of his first resort, and there has, consequently,
arisen in his mind a strong desire to find work, and remain in
the service of his employer : this has increased the industry,
and improved the conduct of the labourers, and their services

have in consequence become far more valuable to the farmer,
than the reluctant labour of those who, from the certainty of
obtaining ample assistance from the parish funds, had scarcely
any stimulus to exertion.

In these liberal and enlightened sentiments we

heartily concur, and we think it is not saying much to
assert, that such testimony as this in favour of the new
system—the testimony of farmers who are in the midst
of it, and have seen its working with their own eyes,
will, if it does not silence the senseless cavilling of
the Times, and other factious yelpers about the cruelty
of the New Poor Law, completely neutralize its effect
on the minds of all who are capable of judging calmly
and impartially on the subject.
Mr. LEFEVRE, as might be expected, touches the

landlords with a gentle hand. He cannot, however,
avoid condemning the short-sighted policy pursued by
that selfish class towards their tenants. Instead of
lowering their rents as they ought to have done at the
end of the war, and putting them on a peace establish-
ment, they, being the makers of law, passed in 1815
that atrocious Act, the aim of which was to fill their
own pockets at the expense of the community, by pre-
venting all importation of foreign corn until grain rose
at home to a starvation price. When this infamous,
and not more infamous than absurd, attempt to fix
permanently a high price on the first necessary of life
by'act of Parliament failed, and the golden dreams
of the landlords were dissipated, they nevertheless
clung to their favourite doctrine of high rents. They
(lid, to be sure, remit a little, but in such driblets as to
be of no real benefit to the tenant ; whereas had a suf-
ficient abatement been made at once, as Mr. LEFEVRE
justly observes, " less upon the whole would have been
required, the capital of the tenant would not have
been diminished, and much of the present distress
might have been averted."

" Bilberry Thurland," the new work of fiction now
on the eve of appearance, will present a refreshing contrast on
the one hand to the high-flown romances with which of late
the public have been satiated ; and on the other to the effemi-
nate insipidities of stories of " high-life." The present novel
deals in strong realities, and exhibits the humours of rustic
life, from the country magistrate to the humbler farmer, the
poacher, the gipsey, and the vagrant. It is, indeed, a kind of
" Beggar's Opera" in prose, and partakes in no small degree
of the searching wit and satire of Gay.
The celebrated Miss Martineau, whose works on
" Political Economy" and other subjects are well known to
the public, arrived by the Orpheus yesterday, from the United
States. Miss Martineau has passed the last two years in va-
rious parts of the American Union. She is a present paying
a temporary visit to her brother, the Rev. Mr. Martineau, who
resides permanently in Liverpool. Her sojourn in America
will doubtless form a theme for the future exercise of her pen.
Fresh snow has fallen on several of the mountains in
Perthshire.

Harvest has commenced in Scotland, and early next
month the sickle will be in general employment.
Thursday Lord Lyndhurst and a party of ladies and
gentlemen arrived at the Star Inn, in order to see the Univer-
sity. Friday they visited Blenheim, and returned to the Star
in the evening.—Oxford Herald.
A short time since, when several trading vessels were
moored in the harbour at North Shields, a salmon of 101bs.
weight leaped into one of the jolly boats—being pursued, it is
supposed, by a porpoise.—Stamford Mercury.
The second anniversary of the Cheshire Conserva-
tive Association was celebrated on Wednesday last by a din-
ner at the Court-house, at Stockport, on which occasion about
200 gentlemen assembled. The chair was taken by Sir
Harry Mainwaring Mainwaring, Bart. Among the com-
pany were Wilbraham Egerton, Esq., W. T. Egerton, Esq.,
M. P., H. Mainwaring, Esq., Captain Egdrton, Reverend
E. T. Leigh, W. Prescott, Esq., J. Brooks, Esq., Rev.
C. K. Prescott, &c.
Sir Robert Peel remained on a visit to his Noble
friend the Duke of Rutland at Longshawe, in Derbyshire,
about ten days, to shoot grouse, and then returned to Norris
Castle, at which delightful villa the Right Hon. Baronet will
remain until the end of September.