The Sun.
London, England, 1825-02-25 00:00:00

BUENOS AYRES.

Tie following Address was made by the Local
Government of Buenos Ayres to the National
Congress of the Provinces of Rio de la Plate, on
its installation in the Capital, on the 12th of De-
cember. This interesting event is considered to
he preparatory to the formation of a Treaty of
commerce between those federated Provinces
and Great Britian, which will establish the recog-
nition of their independence by this Country :

" SENORS—It has been the fortune of the province of
Buenos Ayres to receive-you as our guests; and this circum-
stance allows its Government the honour of congratulating tine
National Representation of the provinces of the Rio de la
Plata, on the day on which it is installed. The people hope
that tide day will be a day of festivity to them and to their
posterity ; but this hope imposes from this day a responsibility
on you. If the recollection of past misfortunes, and the idea,
perhaps exaggerated, of present difficulties, terrify you, at
entering on the arduous task of re-organising the nation, you
will quickly see that prudence can take advantage of the trea-
sures of acquired experience, and form a strict alliance with
the invincible power of time. This ancient friend of holy
truth appeared to have renewed his wings and his arms in the
great struggle of the human race, against its oppressors, of
which we are witnesses. Let truth appear, and those who act
the despot, in the name of heaven, or in the name of the
people, will be quickly known. As soon as they are known,
liberty triumphs, and the compact of the national union is
formed. This compact will unalterably exist, or will change,
if public reason dictates, without changing the friendship which
exists among nations, or coming accompanied with desolation
and ruin, for reasons sufficient for all, when men in society
enjoy the right of examination and the freedom of thinking. j
" The province of Buenos Ayres has made a happy trial of
the truth during the long period of disunion which haspreceded
this. Without its support we should not to-day have witnessed
the realization of the difficult object proposed in accelerating
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the meeting of the National Congress ; nor would its Govern-
ment have been able to maintain for so long a time such rela-
tionsarable functions, placing in
with foreign states in the name of the other provinces, as
were indispensable to ward off the blows which their enemies
friendsrnunceasinglycn tterminates
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the year 18'20. These documents will completely inform you of
re-organ-
ization, its conduct with respect to the independent states of the
European Powers.

ic As regards the first, it proceeded on the convi4on that it
is not possible to form a solid government which is not purely
national. General interest only can serve as a bond for the
union of the provinces, Authorities founded on prejudices
sprung up in times of barbarism, and yet may subsist and be
useful among civilized communities, because personal interests
successively collected and consolidated into
time, may reach tile point of becoming almost national ; but to
create, at the present moment, an authority on such a basis in
these provinces, is as impossible As it would be to condense theevents of many ages into, a single day. great masses by
" Public opinion is so decided upon this point, that no error
can be feared, except in the specification of general interests.

No example will be able to lead us to 'prefer' as. the beit Mans
of government the false superiorities which spring from privi-
leges to the real superiorities which depend upon personal
merit : but it may happen that legal provisions and prohibi-
tions may be considered as the productive means of riches and
national prosperity. This fatal error would banish from our
territory the free competition of industry of men belonging w
the whole world.
" You will easily recognize the importance of dissipating With
a vigorous hand prevailing allusions on this capital object.
You who, without hitherto possessing, like old nations, any
thing which can impede your progress in social science, feel
yourselves called upon to apply to the virgin soil the most power-
ful instrument which is known to people and enrich it, are like-
wise in a happy condition to establish a law which will be re-
gistered one day in the code of nations. By the side of thilaw
for securing individual liberty, freedom of thought, the inviola-
bility of property, equality in the eye of the law, open the free
competition of industry to all men in the territory of the Unit-
ed Provinces. This law will be a consequence of the rights of
men in society--it will strengthen the vital principle of union
among the provinces—it will extinguish the seeds of jealousy
and prejudices which may agitate them—and, finally, it Will
destroy the necessity for treaties of commerce, which, being-the
offspring of ignorance, have given occasion to wars, bloody in
themselves, and useless to the conquerors.
At least, Gentlemen, the Government of Buenos Ayres
has a right to expect that you will not disapprove of the analo-
gous policy which it has followed to nationalize the provinces
of the ancient union. The laws which have been dictated with
this spirit—the consolidation of' the national debt—the creation
of public credit—the projects which have sprung up under its
protection to promote enterprises of industry in the provinces—
all this has produced salutary effects, excites great hopes, and-
presents a basis of union which public opinion has hitherto
sought with anxiety.
" The examination of the official correspondence will s' -
you the care which the Government of Buenos Ayres hae
exerted to preserve a good understanding, and to draw closet
the bonds of friendship with those nations of the Continent
fight for the common cause. A just correspondence; and mo-
tives of high national interest, require the mission of a Mini-
ster Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Colombia. I'he situa-
tion of Peru since its last misfortunes rendered necessary the
nomination of another Minister to that Government ; but both
those Ministers must now receive new credentials from the
general power of the united provinces.
" We have fulfilled a great national duty with the republic
of the United States of North America. That Republic, which
since its origin stands at the head of the civilization- of the new
world, has solemnly recognized our independence. It has at
the same time made an appeal to our national honour, supposing
us capable of contending single-handed with the Spanish Power :
but it has constituted itself as guardian of the field of battle, in
order not to permit the introduction of 'any third party to aid our,
rival.
" The neighbouring empire of Brazil exhibits a contrast
with this noble republic, and forms a deplorable exception to
the general policy of American nations. The
.province of
Monte Video, separated from the rest of our provinces by the..
most ignoble artifices, and retained under the weight or arms,
is a scandal which is made more odious by the appearance of.
legality in which it endeavours to conceal the usurpatioti.—
The Government of the provinces of Buenos Ayres has tried.
the means of reason with the Court of Janeiro ; and although
its efforts have been hitherto ineffectual, still it does not des-
pair. Perhaps•the counsel of powerful friends may bring it to
listen to reason, and remove from the coasts of America the
fatal necessity of war.
" The vacillation of some of the great Powers of the Euro-
pean Continent, and the malevolence which others spew
To-
wards the new republics of this part of the world, arise from
the constrained position in which they are placed by a policy
inconsistent with the nature of things. Kings can . possess
neither force nor power, except by means which the perfec-
tion of social order, presents. They know very well -the extent
and advantage of those means; but; frightened with-the move-
ment which they see around their throne, they endeavour to
return to their past immobility. They would desire that truth
and error should form an alliance to strengthen their authority.
Thence has sprung the inexplicable dogma of ligitimacy, which
now torments the nations of ancient Europe, and for the-pro-
pagation of which the Holy Alliance should recognize as legiti-
mate Governments whose origin is not obscure, and whole
authority is supported not upon prodigies, but upon the simple
and natural rights of nations. But it will not be just on that
account to fear that the soldiers of the Holy Alliance intend to
traverse the Atlantic on. purpose. to establish here the odious
legitimacy of the Catholic King. . •
" Great Britain, released from compromises with the Allies,
has adopted towards the States of America a noble conduct
worthy of the most civilized, most.free, and, on this account,
the most powerful nation of Enrope. The solemn recognition
of the independence of the new Republic will be a consequence
of the principles she has proclaimed.. And you may believe,
Senors, that this important event, as far as relates to the ply'
vinces of the Plata, depends chiefly on their showing them-
selves bound in a national tteion, and with the Capacity °1
maintaining the good institutions they already possess.
" The Catholic King has annulled the preliminay'converle
tip which his Commissioners concluded with the GoVerntuer“
of this province, and through its intereention with most of the
Union on the 4th of July last year. He has declared that the
language which he employed as the. King of a free people, i 4
not, and cannot be, his own. But his absolute authority hi
curse to Spain, and his name only passes to this part of the
world to serve the interests of some Chiefs, who make war on
their own account in the interior provinces of Peru, like the
adventurers who first conquered it.
" But for the unfortunate dissensions which have crippled
the provinces of La Plata, this war would have been ended. sit
has compromised too long the honour of the Allied Republics
of the continent, but every thing announces that it approaehee
the hour of its termination. Already the illustrious Liberator
of Colombia hastens victorious towards the very centreof the
power of the oppresors of Peru. The republic of Chili 111,1
moved its naval forces to close the Pacific against them ;
the Government of this province, uniting its efforts to those of
Salta, prepares the_elements which may serve as a basis to th
national power for a more extended plan of operations.
" Such is the situation of the general business at this moment'
We enjoy favourable auspices. If they are realized, the ye"
which approaches will see an end of the war, and the cow'
mencernent of the national existence of the provinces of Rio 4e
la Plata.
(Signed) " JUAN GREGORIO DE LAS lIER.V4'
" MANUEL JOSE GARCIA."

DUDLEY EUCRINITES.—A very scarce and mag
niticent variety of this fossil has recently bee''
discovered in the lime-stone formation at Dudley,
and is now in the collection of Mr. PAYTON, °I
that place. From its elegant plume-like fort'
it has received the name of the Plumage Euc'
mes. It was found imbodied in a stone thirty"
eight inches long, eighteen broad, and about one
inch in thickness. The fossil itself is not 105
than thirty-one inches in length, from the base
of the crown, and is the largest and the most
beautiful yet discovered.
LANGUAGES.—From the work of the learned
ADELUNG, we find that there exist not less than
3,064 different languages employed in various
parts of the earth! There are of these
European 587
Asiatic 937
African - . 276
American - 1,2E4

BAROMETER.—It appears that in. the course
of last month the barometer stood at Worcester,
at the amazing elevation of 30, inches 96-100ths
this fact is the more remarkable as the air was
not, at the time, remarkably dry.