The Sun.
London, England, 1849-11-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,

very great and dangerous extent in the city, I may ob- mercial adventures, that under a more equable move-
serve, that among persons who are ill-informed on the tary- system would ensure handsome profits, become
subject there exist erroneous notions as to the preserve-
wild and rash " speculations ;" while stupid sloth
tion of bodies under these circumstances. They are
supposed from their complete closure to remain un- and inactivity, without the possession of a single
changed for ages, like the embalmed bodies of Egypt good quality, is regarded as wise and prudent
and Heru ; or, at least, if perhaps they undergo some conduct.
interior and invisible change (as the chrysalis within its
The "appreciation" of money it is that has rendered
sheath), that there is no interference with the general
arrangement, no breach in the compactness of the enve- every species of trading or commerce unprofitable, a
lope. Nothing can be less correct than this supposition. source of loss in place of gain. Persons who purchase any
"It is unnecessary that I should detail the process of
description of commodities must make up their minds
decay as it occurs within the charnel house, nor need I
inquire for your information whether indeed it be true, to sell at less than first cost, or to retain the goods
as alleged, that part of the duty of a sexton consists deteriorating in their hands. Manufacturers must
in tapping the recent coffins, so as to facili-
tate the escape of gases which otherwise would burst raw materials and the wages of their workmen; but
-' pose of their products at less than the price of the
s
forth from ,their confinement. It is sufficient that I dis
should state that whether such be or be not the duty of this is not occasioned by over-production or over-
the functionary in question, a time certainly comes, speculation, but by the increased value of money,
sooner or later, when every corpse buried in the vault
which, although of the same nominal value—being
of a church spreads the products of its decomposition
through the air as freely as though no shell had en- 5 dwts. 3 grs. of gold for the pound sterling, requires
closed it. It is matter of the utmost notoriety that a much greater quantity cf goOds to be given in
under all ordinary conditions of vault sepulture the exchange than was formerly considered an equivalent.
wooden case of the csffin speedily decays and crumbles,
Merchants, manufacturers, and traders must therefore
while the interior leaden one, bending with the pressure
of whatever mass may be above it, yields, bulges, and suffer; while the only parties who benefit are those
I
bursts as surely as would a hat-box under the weight of who hoard up their money, waiting for the fatal
a leaden portmanteau. operation of the money laws to depress all kinds of
"If the accuracy of this description be doubted, let ,
and to enable the drones to fatten upon the
inquiry be made on a large scale after the coffins of , industry,
forty years back—let it be seen how many will appear I ' spoils of their more active brethren.
If, on the contrary, its accuracy be granted, then 1
Let
apprehend nothing further need be urged to establish i
the importance of abolishing a system which maintains p
e-
a scri
. us inquire a little further and see what
.tion of speculation it was that was chiefly
I
on so large a scale the open putrefaction of human re- complained of. The Governor and the Deputy-
mains within places of frequent resort, and in the midst ;Governor of the Bank of England in their evidence
before the Committee on Commercial Distress
of populous habitations.
" It is a very serious matter for consideration, that !declared that
e
close beneath the feet of those who attend the services of I
their church there often lies an almost solid pile of de- i "An unprecedented large importation of food caused
composing human remains, co extensive with the area of by a deficient harvest, required in payment the export
the building, heaped as high as the vaulting will permi , ! o. a large amount of bullion to the extent of about
and generally (as I have shown) but very partially con- i 7,500,0001. from the coffers of the Bank, and probably
fined. And it it be the case (as perhaps it may), that i not less than 1,500,0001. from other sources—together
.he frequenters of the place of worship do not complain 9 000,000/. From this large reduction in the available
of any vitiati"n of the atmosphere, or perhaps do not 1 capital of the country, in addition to the still larger
experience it, not the less is it true that vitiation occurs, 1 amount invested in railway expenditure, acting suddenly
and (whether to the speciel detriment of the congrega- upon a previous high state of credit and excessive specu-
tion or not) contributes to the overladen putt efactiveness `lateen, arose the pressure in the money market. There
e was an abstraction of 7,500,000/. from the bullion held
of our London atmosphere.
" In respect of, such vaults, I do not consider that the S by the Bank, and consequently a diminution in the notes
mere cessation of interments will be t-ufficient, seeing ! to that extent.
that at the present moment they contain amongst them I ,They then explain the sudden fall of prices of
many thousand coffins as yet tenanted by the materials I
i bread stuffs, and the failure, first of the parties who
of decompositien ; and year and after year, if left in
their present state, these will be poisoning the air with I speculated in corn, and then of others whose resources
successive iuetalmen's of their progressive decay. were materially affected thereby—the general alarm
"It stems to me quite indispensable that come corn-1 and total prostration of credit that ensued, and the
m
prehensive eastiee should be undertaken for ab,li,,bir‘ g i
" hoarding of money to a considerable extent. The
at once and for ever all burial within the city of London.
Conjointly with the general application to Parliament general complaint was a scarcity of money. Credit
for prohibition of further in tramural sepulture, I woull re- ; was so entirely destroyed that houses trading to
commend that authority be obtained by the City for its 1 distant countries, carrying on their business by means
several parishes to procure the decent removal to extra-
mural cemeteries of such coffins as already occupy their iof credit b , y a renewal of their acceptances as they
vaults; cr failing this measure, I would recommend that became due, were no longer able to meet their
all coffins now lying within vaults be walled up in engagements, and were forced to stop payment.
their present resting-places with uniform impermeable This was the state of things previous to the issuing
masonry." of the Government letter in October." Now, it must
We make no apology for the length of the above
be borne in mind, that these gentlemen are among
extract, for the matter to which it relates is one which
the most strenuous advocates of the Acts of 1819 and
affects the life of every attendant at every metropo-
litan place of worship, and we feel that any attempt 1844, and that their object was to prevent any altera-
at comment would only weaken the force of the ar • tion in our money laws, and that their evidence was
more particularly directed to the Act of 1844. The
gument so excellently, so strongly, and so plainly put
first shock to the national credit was the " unprece-
by Mr. SIMON. The report then, at great length,
dented large importation of food caused by a deficient
describes the miserable state of the habitations of
harvest."
the poor in courts and lanes and allies, where are to be
This, then, was the " over-speculation" of which
found rookeries of houses absolutely incapable of ven-
tilation, and proposes the following remedy :
they complained. Was there, we ask, a single
I would beg to recommend " sa s Mr. Simon,
a that quarter of corn imported which was not required
" ,
a survey be made of the worst districts which I have Iby the nation ? If it had not been for that large im-
spsc.fl-d, with a view to the immediate purchase and de- i portation, must not the people have endured the ut-
struction of some considerable portion of the court pro most privations, and encountered a scarcity similar to
petty lying in them; and still more, I would urge that
this is an exertion which for some years must proceed that under which our Irish brethren suffered so
systematically, in order to thin the numbers of a popula- severely ? The "epaculations" in corn, then, although
tion which now breeds pestilence and augments mortality i they may have acted injuriously on the money
by its overcrowding and excess.
"I am aware that considerable difficulties lie in the market, were absolutely essential to the safety of the
way of accomplishing an object of this sort with imme- country ; and it is manifest that we owe much to that
diate rapidity. It is my great hope, however, that the " speculation" which averted the most fearful
principle may be distinctly recognised; and that the City evils, and unparalleled misery from the com-
will not tolerate within its municipal jurisdiction the
continuance of houses absolutely incompatible with munity at large. The dealers might have
healthy habitation. This principle being once este- sustained pecuniary losses, but they preserved their
blished, and a certain annual expenditure devoted to fellow-citizens from the most frightful calamities!
enforce it, I feel assured that within a very few years
opportunities enough will have arisen for that outlay to But how did the large importation produce the money
have been made in the most judicious manner, and for crisis ? Simply because it led "to the export of a
its results amply to have demonstrated the advantages large amount of bullion," about 8,000,0001. sterling.
of the system which I recommend." This was the effect of the fixed price of gold, which
Mr. Siemer then proceeds to consider "the per-
was thereby rendered the cheapest commodity the
sonal habits of the lowest classes, and the in-
foreigners could take in payment for their goods.
fluence of destitution in increasing mortality ;" and
Had it been otherwise, had its price varied with the
in the course of his observations pays a well-deserved
money
market, our manufactures would have been
which h taken
tribute of praise to the efforts of late
]lave been in place, andincreased employment would
made by various benevolent societies to improve those .
nave been occasioned, but unfortunately our currency
habits and lessen that destitution. Mr. SIMON SUMS
! laws prevented this salutary result, that would have
up his report with the following statement of what he I
. almost counteracted the evils of a deficient harvest.
considers to be absolutely necessary for the security' But even this large abstraction of bullion would not
of the health and welfare of the City : necessarily have produced the crisis, had it not been
"To provide an inoffensive outfall for the sewerage of
for the operation of the Act of 1844,
our vast population; to render the river a source of un-
qualified advantege; to give an indefinite extension, and that rendered it necessary, when 7 , 500 000/. was
,
a sounder principl, to the system of water supply; drawn from the coffers of the Bank, to withdraw an
to suppress ull trades and occupations which taint the l equal amount of notes from circulation. This it was
atmosphere with materials of organic decomposition; to -
that compelled the directors to put on "the screw ;"
abate the nuisance of smoke; to provide the facilities for
extramural interment, and to'procure the prohibition dell that obliged them to limit accommodation, and re-
further burial amidst our living; to improve the domestic duced prices generally, so as to lead to the great pecu-
arrangements of the poor, and to ensure their adequate .
'nary losses that ensued, to the hoarding of money,
supervision; to hinder the occupation of houses which
breed pestilence; to destroy such as are irremediably and the run upon the Bank, which terminated the
hostile to health; and to thin the stifled population of moment the celebrated letter of the 25th of October
courts and alleys; to establish public baths and laundries appeared suspending the operation of the impolitic
which may offer to the poor the utmost facilities and in-
ducement for the maintenance of personal cleanliness; Act of 1844.
to erect, in the stead of such courts as we may hope to This view of the case is confirmed by the evidence
depopulate and destroy, but in open streets and with of Mr. SAMUEL GDENEY, the eminent bill-broker,
perfect ventilation; to erect and to place at the disposal
who, in speaking of the proceedings of
of the labouring classes houses and lodgings which not the Bank
only may offer to their inhabitants every convenience directors, said—
essential to health and decency. and comfort, but may " Under the Currency Act they found themselves
likewise serve as models of household economy for the under the necessity of not only withdrawing their usual
whole district in which they stand." accommodation by way of discount, but of calling in
Mr. Sievert has entitled himself :to the gratitude with a severe and unrelenting hand the loans they had
and admiration of every philosopher and of made upon the security of bills, Exchequer-bills, &o.
every philanthropist, by the publication of this
,:i.okuirlyd thiLCveursrenrcaydAocvt.er Hadm itthnot been for
uThoenstiihdedriness and severity of this change was forced
perhaps the most valuable contribution that thati) they
s
serious derangement of the money market and to much
has ever been made to sanitary science—a science felt themselves compelled) to do in a few daywshattoththeye
alarmingunder disaster."
acshte r.
which, to use the eloquent words of Mr. Simms
circumstances, then, and with such
himself—
evidence before us, are we not justified in asserting
" In the great objects which it proposes to itself', in
the immense amelioration which it proffers to the phy•
" that the monetary crisis was not occasioned b
sical, social, and, indirectly, to the moral condition of
an immense majority of our fellow creatures, transcends ' over-speculation; but that it was attributable to they
the importance of all other sciences, and in its beneficent undue ' appreciation' in the value of money which
operation seems most to embody the spirit and to fulfil
resulted from the unjust and impolitic Acts of 1819
,he intentions of practical Christianity."
and 1844 ?"

Flaying proved last week that the late monetary
crisis and commercial distress was not ascribable to
the failure of the potato crop or to "over-pro-
duction,' we now proceed to show that it was not
attributable to " over-speculationn or to the " rail-
way expenditure," but that the various evils that
were erroneously supposed to have originated from
these causes were altogether occasioned by the undue
"appreciation" of the value of money, which resulted
from the unjust and impolitic Acts of 1819 and 1844.
Any use of capital or wealth other than " hoard-
ing" or useless consumption must properly come
within the term " speculation." If men desire to
make profit of any kind from the employment of
the means placed at their disposal—if they are not
contented to bury their talent in the bowels of the
earth, and to become indeed "unprofitable servants"
—they must " speculate." If a man having a large
sum of money lying idle in his hands choose to invest
it in lands, in houses, in railways, in trade, or com-
merce, or manufactures of any kind, or even to lend
it out at interest on any species of security, he
is " speculating." In other countries where, from
political or other causes, there was no security for
either life or property, many persons were in the
habit of concealing their treasures, that they might
be available upon any emergency, so as either to be
carried away or remain hidden until disturbances bad
ceased, and the owners were enabled to reclaim pos-
session, they being satisfied to forfeit the benefits to
be obtained from their use for the additional security
to the principal. But such was happily never an
English habit. Every man in the enjoyment of
superfluous wealth endeavours to obtain some profit
from its use; he seeks the best species of investment,
considers which will yield the best interest, dividend,
or annual produce, combined with the greatest safety
of principal, and in many cases the prospects of an
increase in the value of that principal. We are a
" speculating" people, and it is to that specula-
tion that the greatness and prosperity of Eng-
land is owing, that the English language
is to be heard in every clime and on every sea, and
that
the sun never sets on the British dominions. The
great characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race is en-
terprise, or " speculation," for the terms are con-
vertible ; and the Englishman who would change
that feeling, and substitute listless indolence and
apathy, is the worst enemy of his country. But
our money laws are rapidly producing that result.
The extraordinary fluctuations in the value of money
that have been so painfully perceptible of late years
have defeated the best devised projects, the most ac•
curate calculations. Legitimate, well-matured com-

PINE APPLES AND BARONS OF BEEF.—On the
Lord Mayor's table this evening, on the occasion of
the grand banquet in Guildhall, will be placed two
enormous barons of beef, perhaps the very largest
ever cooked for any similar celebration—ons weigh-
ing no less than 312 lbs. and the other 354 lbs. These
gigantic joints were bred and fed on the estate of the
Earl de Grey, Lord• Lieutenant of Bedfordshire.
Besides these monster dishes of meat, there will also
appear, on the table of the Chief Magistrate, two
huge pine apples weighing 15i lbs., grown in Staf-
fordshire, by the Duke of Sutherland, and for the
production of which a gold medal was awarded on
the 6th instant by the Horticultural Society—the
fruit having, moreover, been recently exhibited in
Regent-street, to public admiration. The whole of
the civic banquet will be provided by Mr. Thomas
Younghusband, of Gerard's Hall, making the fourth
successive year in which be has been the caterer to
the grand inaugurative dinner of the Lord Mayor of
the city of London. We believe that this continuous
selection is altogether without a precedent.
ROCHESTER, NOV. fl.--The corporation of this city
have judiciously chosen for their mayor S. Sidden,
Esq., a gentleman highly qualified for the office,
he being a staunch supporter of the rights and pri-
vileges appertaining to this ancient and loyal place.
We must not omit, however, on this occasion, also
to acknowledge and tender our best thanks to our late
respected mayor, Robert Clements, Esq., who bas so
judiciously presided over the civic business during the
last year. In addition to being a man of high
principle and integrity, his general urbanity and
courteous manners render his retirement from office
to be much regretted.

MR BAPTIST NOEL IN ROME.—It is understood
that Mr. Baptist Noel has proceeded to Rome with the
view of operating with greater effect for the release of
Dr. Achilli. We also learn that Mr. Noel is by no
means secure in his now position in Doughty-street
Chapel. This, we believe, is the property of Mr. Henry
and Lady Harriet Drummond, and it is understood that
upon the demise of Mr. Evans, the use of the chapel will
not be continued to Mr. Noel.—Record.
THREATENED DISSOLUTION Or THE WEST LON-
DON ANTI-INCLOSURE SOCIETY.—In consequence of the
determination of some members of this society to divide
it and its library into St. Pancras and St. Marylebone
Branches against the will of its founder and secretary,
and Earl Stanhope and other friends and members, a
dissolution of this useful society may bo expected,
though another and still better society will bo formed
in its stead. Already some most valuable presents have
been withdrawn from the library by their donors, and
other withdrawals are expected, so that should a division
of the library he still insisted on, opponents will not
have much to divide; if otherwise, such books as have
been withdrawn will be restored.

LADY FRANKLIN.—Lady Franklin returned to
town yesterday from the north, to see Sir James Ross
and Sir John Richardson, on their return
_from their re-
spective expeditions.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

GERMANY

AND
THE NORTHERN STATES.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
On Wednesday evening a trial of strength took
place in the National Assembly on the subject of the
National Education Bill, introduced by M. DE FAL-
Loux, when the parti-pretre was beat by a majority of
4in a house of 610 members. On the motion of M.
DUPONT, the Assembly determined by 307 to 303 to
refer the National Education Bill to the Council of
State, which is tantamount to preserving merely the
preamble, and altering the whole character of the
1 measure by changing every one of its clauses.
The correspondent of a morning contemporary
says, in speaking of this measure—
" This Education Bill was intended to be the great
compact of reconciliation among the different sections
which compose the majority. The clerical party ob-
tained by it all their claims of right to exercise con-
trol over education. The University gave way, and
M. Times and the champions of the exclusive right
of the State to direct colleges and schools abandoned
a cause which they had supported all their lives. The
fruit of this concession was to have been the thorough
union of Legitimists, the parti-pretre, the Orleanists,
and even the Bonapartists. The act itself was con-
sidered the great triumph of M. DE FALLOUX, and the
one for which his adherents felt most grateful.
The restoration of the POPE and the partial sur-
render of education to the clergy were the two
achievements which marked the ascendancy of M.
DE FALLOUX and the Legitimists in the Government.
Their foreign and domestic policy were characterised
by these two measures. M. DE FALLOUX has retired ;
his colleagues have been dismissed; the message of
the PRESIDENT has shaken the allied parties, and as
the first patent proof of their disruption, we have this
vote of last evening." He thus explains the meaning of
the reference of this measure to the Council of State:—
" The Constituent Assembly passed a resolution by
which all laws should be referred to the Council of
State. The same Assembly also ruled that certain
laws which they called organic should be looked
upon as an appendix to the Constitution, and
become a part and parcel of that funda-
mental Act. Amongst those laws denominated
organic was ale Bill concerning public instruction.
The Constituent Assembly consented, however, to its
own dissolution before it had time to mains the
organic laws. The late Ministry having decided that
the Legislative Assembly was entitled to take up the
unfinished work of the Constituent, held that in so
far as the organic laws were concerned there was no
need of reference to the Council of State. That
body, it now appears, thinks otherwise, and ex-
pressed its sense of the slight put upon it by M.
DE FALLOUX, in a letter to the PRESIDENT of the
Assembly, which was rot, however, of an official
character. Now, when we consider that the Council
of State was chosen by the Constituent A ssembly,
and that it is of a highly Republican character, we
make no strained conclusion when we say that M DE
FALLOUX'S Bill may be expected to return out
of its hands so cottpletely altered--we shall not say
disfigured—that the parent shall have some diffi-
culty in recognising his offspring. Those who
voted for referring the Bill to the Council of State
know this well, aid the triumph of the Republican
and University parties last evening is, in fact, a tri-
umph over the TRIERS, BERRYER, MOLE, and MoN•
TALEMBERT fractions."
The Ministry ostensibly abstained from interfering,
although it was evident that their desire was that the
measure should be referred to the Council of State.
We congratulate the PRESIDENT„ the Ministry, and
France herself; on the result of this division, which
has rescued them from the tyranny of a sacerdotal
obscuratism at once grinding, degrading, and ridi-
culous. They must, however, be on their guard as
they have to do with enemies as unscrupulous as they
are cunning.
Owing to some marks of impatience expressed in
the gallery set apart for the editors of the Paris
papers, the President of the Assembly considered it
his duty to order the attendants to instantly close the
gallery, and the editors were obliged to withdraw.
The following protest, signed by seventeen of the
editors who were present on the occasion, appears in
all the Paris journals of yesterday :
" Au unheard-of incident occurred at the conclusion
of the sitting yesterday. About five o'clock, just as M.
Baste was about to address the Assembly, one of those
murmurs which are every day heard from the tribunes
proceeded from that of the editors of journals. Imme-
diately, and without any previous warning, M. Dupin,
the President, ordered one of the ushers to clear the
tribune. All the editors retired. In presence of such
an unjustifiable and unprecedented measure, the press,
justly offended, thinks it its duty to protest in the interest
of its dignity and of its rights."
The semi-official Patrie publishes a letter from St.
Petersburgh of the 27th ult., which states that
explanations having been given to the EMPEROR by a
courier dispatched from Paris on the 15th ult. by the
French Governmen!`, that the orders given to the
i commanders of the French and English fleets to sail
to the Dardanelles, were the result of a misunder-
standing, and that, moreover, those orders were
given before the answer of the CZAR to FUAD
EFFENDI was known, the CZAR declared himself
satisfied with those explanations, but at the same
time ordered Count NESSELRODE to communicate his
resolution to the Turkish Envoy to the following
effect :—The EMPEROR will not admit that any
Power has a right to interfere in his differences with
the Porte either as regards the refugees or the pro-
vinces of Wallachia and Moldavia. The measures
respecting these provinces are to be maintained inde-
pendently of any control of the Western Powers.
One serious condition is that, notwithstanding the
treaty of Balta Limen, the EMPEROR is to retain
40,000 men in the Danubian provinces during the
winter. The garrison of Bucharest alone will
consist of 10,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry. The
advtinced guard of the Russian army centered in
Bessarabia moves to the line of the Pruth. Jassy is
also to be occupied by a strong garrison, forming
communication with the army in Bessarabia. As a
compensation for these measures, the Turkish
Government may increase the garrisons on the
Danube from Widdin to Silestria. These conditions
have been communicated to the Ambassadors of the
different Powers.
The same journal publishes the following paragraph :
—" The Government has, it is said, just given orders
for one of our steam-frigates to proceed to Portioi, to
be placed at the disposal of the POPE, who, it is said,
appears decided to return immediately to his States,
and will land at Civita Vecchite"
M. AUGUSTE CHEVALIER' brother of M. MICHEL
CHEVALIER, has been named Secretary-General of the
Presidency of the Republic, in the place of M. FER-
DINAND BARROT. M. A. CHEVALIER occupied an
important situation in the administration of the Great
Northern Railway.
The Attorney- General, ROYER, began his address
to the jury of the High Court of Versailles on the evi-
dence of the witnesses, which had just concluded. He
continued speaking until five o'clock, when the Court
adjourned.
At the meeting of the Assembly yesterday, an
attempt was made by the parti pretre to quash the
vote of the preceding day on the ground of infor-
mality. The attempt, however, only produced them
another defeat of a still more decided character, for
the Assembly passed to the order of the day by a
large majority. M. TRIERS and his clique exclaim
loudly against the bigotted section of the parti-pretre,
and talk of the abyss into which M. DE MONTALEM-
BERT has led them. It is too late now for M.
TRIERS to make these complaints ; he must
take the consequences of his actions, although
we believe he must be by this time con-
vinced that the support which he has given to the
parti-pretre is worse than a fault, it is a mistake,
and a mistake into which we are surprised that one
who knows the temper of his countrymen so accu-
rately as M. TRIERS does, could by possibility have
fallen.
The editors of the journals have declined attending
the Asseinbly until M. Duvet shall have apolo-
gised for the insult he put upon them
in ordering their tribune to be cleared. Their tribune
was unoccupied yesterday.
Colonel RIBELLOT has been created a general, and
will be succeeded as Prefect of Police by M. CAR
LIRE.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

The Cologne Gazette says :—" On Ist Novemller
General HAYNAU proclaimed the Hungarian consti-
tution at Pesth, and it will now be published through-
oat the length and breadth of the land in the respective
languages of the inhabitants ; at the same time Gen.
HAYNAU has proclaimed an amnesty for all minor
political offenders."
The EMPEROR has ordered all domiciliary visits of
the police to be suspended, unless on the warrant of a
criminal tribunal.
One of the Vienna journals has been suspended for
having-deprecated the punishment of the bastinado.

PARIS BOURSE, THURSDAY, Noir. 8.
The market has become much firmer to-day, and from
the commencement of business kept steadily looking up
to the close, when Threes for the account were marked
at 551. 90c. and Fives: at 88f. 20c. The market
closed as follows:—Threes, for cash, 55f. 85c.; for ac-
count, 55f. 90c.; Fives for cash, 881. 20c. ; fer ac-
count, 881. 20c; ank of France Shares, 2,3251.; Neapo-
litan, 88f. 75c.; Spanish Threes, 35f.; ditto Fives, not
quoted.
RAILWAYS.—The Share Market has also been firmer,
but prices have not materially varied; the turn, however,
has been in favour of sellers. Orleans closed at 7301.;
Rouen, 525 f.; Havre, 2301.; Avignon, 2151.; Bony.
deaux, 393 f. 75c.; Northern, 4301.; Paris and Stras-
bar,T, 356 f. 25c.; Nantes, 2811. 25c.; Montereau,
1021. 50c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Nov. 8.
Boulogne and Amiens, 55A—Luxembourg, —Namur
a
and Liege, 61—Orleans and Bordeaux, 2 V2—Pari and
Rouen, 20—Sambre and Meuse, 21/s.

THE PRINCE or WALES'S BIRTM.DAY.--To.day
being the anniversary of the birth of his Royal Highness
the youthful Heir Apparent, who completes his eighth
year, the auspicious event was celebrated by the bells of
the royal parishes ringing merry peals, and her Majesty's
tradesmen, and many of the inhabitants
.of Windsor, will
dine together on the occasion. The Heir Apparent will
not attain his majority until the age of eighteen.
THE Hop DUTY.—On Thursday the col!ection of
the first instalment of the hop duty for 1848 took place
at the George Inn, and we understand that the payment
was obtained, in both the hop duty end rent charge,
with more ease than cou'd have teen expect3d, although
some of the farmers said their funds we-e quite ex-
hausted.—Maidstone Journal.