The Sun.
London, England, 1825-08-18 00:00:00

PEACE SOCIETIES.

(From The A fr%d, an Exeter Payer.)
A Society was established i■ Exeter on the
21st ult., as an auxiliary of the 44 London Peace
Society." The national advantages which result
from the preservation of peace are so incalculably
great, that we are pleased to observe any rational
endeavours which are made to promote it ; and we
therefore present our readers with the followin4
Address of the Vommittee:---

" This Society, in announcing its establishmtfit as an Aux-
iliary of the London " Society for the Promotion' of.Pernia-
nent and Universal Peace," solicits the attention of the public
to the great objects of that institution. They are simply these :
to call the attention of Christians to the real nature of war ; to•
diffuse information respecting its horrors and its enormities I
to illustrate its inexpediency • and above all, to prove its
total inconsistency with the Christians religion. It is not, per.
haps, generally known in this neighbourhood, that such a
Society has existed in the Metropolis since the year IBl6—that,
about the time of its formation, a similar Society was establish-
ed in the United States of America, (each, however, being
then unkovin to the other), gild that both -have progressively
extended their influence, and been assisted by numerous
Auxiliaries.
" In the prosecution of its objects, the London Pear! So-
ciety prints and circulates tracts, and keeps up a correspond-
ence
with its branches and Foreign ,Societies. It also circulates
a qUarterly pUblication, entitled The Herald of Peace, which
is the general medium for communicating information re-
specting the progress of the pacific cause.
"A number of persons in this city and neighbourhood, feel-
ing desirous of promoting this great and Christian work, nave
associated themselves as an autiliary of the Parent Society ;
and they beg leave, in this manner, to invite the attention,of
the public to the cause in which they are engaged. The Peace
Society is in no way connected' with religious creeds.or with
political parties': it stands upon the broad ground of Christian
philanthropy: it espouses the cause of humanity against inhu-
manity—of gentleness and forbearance against outrage and
3/faience—of religion against a system which IS its reproach and
its shame. ' That this cause will et.enttially be successful, there
Can be no , reasonable doubt. The reiterated declarations >of
Scripture sufficiently assure us, that the time will come when
nations will learn of war no more. But there is'another ground'
of hope and confidence, jri the progress which pacific princi-
ples are actually making in the world. It is little more than
nine years since the London Peace Society was established ;
and since dint period, nearly fifty auxilial and corresponding
societies have sprung up in various parts of the kingdom. it
is not, however, individuals and benevolent associations only,
but nations also, who have, in a degree, enlisted themselves in
the cause of peace. The recourse which has recently been had.
by our country to arbitration .rather than to the sword, in
the settlement of a dispule with America, and the endeavour
which has been .made by America to abolish, in the event'd
future contest, the praCtice of maritime war on. private Pro•
perty, open prospects, of no ordinary kind. The confidente,
therefore, of the advocates of peace is founded, not only upon
the testimony of Scripture, but upon the 'evidence of fact;' and
they are fully assured that the indications which they row see
of the approach-(however distant) of universal peace will not be
illusive, but that they will progressively increase until that day
when violence shall be no more heard in the. earth, nor wasting
nor destruction within its borders.

" Such are the objects, and such the hopes, of the Exeter
Peace Society. In this city and neighbOurhood, as in 'many
other places, the number is evidently increasing of thoie who
perceive the incompatibility of war with our religion, and who
are desirous of lending their assistance towards its total ex-
tinction. For the exercise of this Christian benevolence, the
Exeter Peace Societroffers an efficient meant. A subsaipiron
of 10s. 6d., or even of ss. per annum, will entitle the contributor
to a supply of the Parent Society's publications ; and it is con-
fidently believed that' this opportunity will not 'be offered in
vain when it is considered that each, of these publications may
produce a conviction of the unlawfulness of war, and ti PIS be pre=
paring the way for the eventual triumph of the Prince of Peace."

AMERICAN' POST OFNICES.—Since the 15t...0r
January last (says the New York National Journal) no less
than 276 new post-offices have been established. Indepen-
dently of this addition, one of the great western mails, fortnerly
transported but three times a Auk, has been made a daily
mail ; and other arrangements, •equally valuable, have' been
made to • facilieate the arrivals and departures :of the thailiti
other sections of the. Union. Yet, notwithstanding these ad-
ditions,to the annual expendittires, the revenue of the post-
office department; .which has for some years past been inade-
quate to the expenditures, will this.year, we understand, in
consequence of the new mode of business, introduced by the
present Post-master-General, be fully equal to the expenses,
and will probably somewhat exceed therp.

FRENCH PAPERS.

(From the itioniteur of Monday.)

[OFFICIAL PART.]

SAINT CLOUD, AUG. 14.
To-day, before mass, his Excellency the Count
de Puebla del Maestre, Ambassador from his
Catholic Majesty, prosented to the King, in a
private audience, his letters of recal.
hlis Excellency the Duke of Villa Hermosa,
Ambassador Extraordinary from his Catholic Ma-
jesty, presented to the King, in a private audi-
ence, letters from his Sovereign, appointing him
Minister Resident at this Court.
Count de Bray, the Bavarian Ambassador, pre-
sented a letter from his
,Sovereign, notifying
the birth of a Princess; daughter of the Crown
Prince of Bavaria.
A Royal Ordinance prescribes, that from the
year 1825, the accounts to be rendered by the
Treasurer-General of the Invalids of the Navy,
shall be made up annually.
[NON-OFFICIAL PAIIT.]
- •

PARIS, AUGUST 14.
The Journals have spoken in divers mariners
respecting the issue of the affairs of St. Domingo.
The Ordinance of the 17th of April was calcu-
lated to displease, and it has displeased all those
who, independently of all reason, have vowed to
throw obstacles in the way of all good that the
Government undertakes, and to censure all that
which it effects. Their diatribes have excited
no astonishment, they were bound to make them,
and they were expected.
The same Ordinance has been commented upon
in the most unreasonable manner by other Jour-
nals, which have supposed to be in harmony with
the Government, though they often differ from it,
and sometimes on most important points.
We are authorised to deny all that has been
inserted in these Journals, especially in the
Drapeau Blanc of the 13th of this month, con-
trary to the sincerity and the plenitude of the
concession made by the Ordinance of the 17th
April to the actual inhabitants of the French
part of the Island of St. Domingo. This act,
granted with probity (per loNaute), and accepted
with respect and with gratitude, will be frankly
and fully executed. The word of Charles X. is
sacred as -honour itself.

(From the Constitutionnel of Monday.)

We copy the following article from the 'Journal
de Rouen of the 13th :
" The news of the arrangement concluded with St. Domingo
.has been received by the commercial classes of Rouen with all
the interest its importance_tleserved. By the care- of. Chevalier
Seiin, Commissary of Illarine at this port, it was placarded all
.over the town early in the morning ; it was proclaimed at the
Town-hall, where it. was received with the most lively testi_
monies of satisfaction. Several speculators entered into engage-
ments for the sale of articles of our manufactures. 'proper for
that market, with merchants of the colony itself. The happy
. results which this event will produce on our manufacturing
industry have been instantaneously felt, and. business has
assumed a visible activity. Every thing promises the prompt
re-establishment of the direct commercial relations which
existed heretofore between the port ofßouen and St. Domingo." '
( From the Journal des .Debuts of Monday.)
..ILEGIIORN, AUG. 3.
The Captain of a Greek vessel, carrying the
lonian Island* flag, just arrived in this port, in-
forms us that on the 13th 'July, at his departure
from Marathonis (a small commercial town in the
eastern part of the Magne), he had himself read
a letter of Colocotroni's, addressed to the muni,
cipality of the town, giving the details of the
march of Ibrahim Pacha's troops upon Napoli,
and their retreat to Tripolitza, after the check
they received at the post of the Mills by the
• Greek troops, commanded by the brave Cara
'rasso and 1). Ypsilanti. From Tripolitza Ibra-
him took the road to Patras, thinking it was
evacuated by the -Greeks, but, he was repulsed
with loss by Londos and Zaimis,and obliged to

return to Trip°litza. On seeing the impossibility
• of advancing by that route, Ibrahim determined
to return to Navarino, but found he was unable,
as Colocotroni and Petimeza, who had occupied
the defiles, repulsed -him with considerable loss.
_ Ibrahim then offered to capitulate, promising not
to make war upon the Greeks :or ten years if he
were freely permitted to depart from the Morea.

Colocotroni,however, refused to agree to any
manner of capitulation, insisting that he should
surrender at discretion.

The captain of the vessel adds, that the. Greek
troops which surrounded Ibrahim amounted to
40,000 men. Prince Mavrontiehalis had depart-
ed from the Magne with numerous troops in -or-
.

der to reinforce Colocotroni's army. !Elle whole
of the Peloponnesus is under-arms, atal a chief,
in whom all parties could place an equal. coat-

.fence, was only wanted to direct them.
in the rencontres which have taken place,
rahim has lost 3000 men, and has been himself
wounded in the right hand. On our side the
brave Col. 'lasso has been dangerously wounded

in the arm. lie has been transported to Spezzia,

•in order to be taken care of. Three hundred
mules, loaded with provisions sent to Ibrahim
from Navarin, have fallen into the (►ands of Colo-
votroni. All the enemy's communications are.
intercepted, and he himself must • soon be in our
-hands. The isthmus of Corinth is well fortified;
a great number of Greek troops are.assembled
there, and are preparing to join the army of Gou-
---ras, who is making head against another body of
Turkish troops, which has penetrated to Salona,
by the way •Zeitouni. It was said at Marathonisi
that the Turkish fleet had effected the landing of
3000 Albanians, sent from Candia to Navarino.
We'have to-day received ,letters from Napoli
di Romania, which reach to the 2d July, and
.• there is also one of the same date from Colocotroni's
- corps,-sent by way of Missolonghi, which con-
Confirms the intell►gence that Ibrahim 'Pacha was
closely blockaded at Tripolitza, and also of his
being wounded, as we have already related.

Baron LANGSDORFF, late Russian Consul-Ge-
neral in Brazil, has, since his return 4o Germany
in April last, been employed in preparing for the
press an account of a journey into the interior of
Brazil, which he undertook by order of the Em-
peror. ALEXANDER.

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
Til E EARL OF SHAFTESBURY.

MY LORD—Having read the Act of Parlia-
ment commonly called the English and Bristol
Channel Ship Canal Act, I think I have a right
as a ,Landholder on the line of such intended
Canal, to make a few observations Telating to it,
and that they cannot be addressed with so much
propriety to any person as to your Lordship, be-
cause you fill the high and responsiblf- situation
of Chairman of Committees of the House of
Peers upon all private Bills, and because that,
House looks to your Lordship in all matters re-
specting, such Bills, and places the fullest con-
fidence in your Lordships' wisdom and constitu-
tional knowledge, that nothing contained in them
shall be of a partial or inequitable nature.
In that situation, I presume it to be the
duty of your Lordship •to protect the interest
and the property -of every 'individual in the
realm, as well as those of the public in ge-
neral; I presume it to be also the duty of
your Lordship, to see that the Standing Orders
of the house-of Peers be strictly complied with.
By one of these orders, I think it is required
that four-fifths of the estimated e,:pence of mak-
ing every Canal, &c. shall be actually subscrib-
ed, and secured in such a way, as to oblige the
Subscribers to .pay the money agreed _to be
subscribed..
On this latter head I have very few observa-
tions to make, butJi ask, whether, it was not
well known to your Lordship, that within three
days previous to the third reading of the •
Bill, the sum agreed to be subscribed did
not amount to 800,000/. and whether or not
when it appeared that within the short space of
three days, that sum was increased to :1,400,0001.
it was your Lordship's duty to have examined
the subscription list, and to have inquired who
the persons were that subscribed so large a sum,
and by what means they were induced to set
down their names as subscribers ? If your Lord-
ship had done this, you would have found that
many persons were persuaded to affix their
names to the contract upon promises by the pro-
moters of this scheme, of perfect indemnity
against every loss for money, and you might
have deemed it an imposition upon the Com-
mittee, and &serving the severest punishment
which the House of Peers could inflict.

The expellee of completing this Canal, with
two harbours and various other works, and of
purchasing lands, end making compensation for
damages, was estimated by Mr. Telford at
1,712,8441. Mr. Telford is doubtless a most skil-

ful engineer, hut was it right, or prudent, to
trust to the judgment of one man only, and was
it not a duty you owed to every landholder on
the line of the Canal, to have had the opinion of
other engineers, before you recommended that
this Bill should pass into a law ? If your Lord.
ship had done this, you would have been told by
those whose judgment was equal, to Mr. Telford's,
that this stupendous work could not be comp.
pleted for a less sum than 2,500,000/., and I
think you would not have consented to give
power to any set of men, to cut up very fine land,
and destroy the comforts and conveniences of the
owners of estates, by beginning and partly ex-
ecuting a work, without a chance of its being
finished, and without a possibility of its ever be-
coming, as it professes to be, any benefit to the
public.

So much for the Preamble, I now come to the
Act itself.

-In page 12 it is enacted, that compensation
shall be made to Mr. Hallett for any damage or
injury that may be sustained by him, to his
lands and harbour at Axmouth. This is fair and
equitable, for there could be no reason why Mr.
Hallett should not have a compensation for his
rights at Axmouth, as well as Lord Rolle for his
harbour at Beer ; but why, as stated in pages
24 and 25, Mr. Gray should be favoured beyond
any other person, by not having -any wharfs or
other works near his land, or why the line of
canal through his estate should be so positively'
defined as not to permit a deviation, which is
allowed on all the rest of `his line? Or why the
owner of Manst,ll-house (who this individual is I
-know not) should be so particularly favoured, as
not to have any dock, wharf, erection, or other
building made within sight of that house, are
points which I cannot understand, and appear
so very partial as to require explanation.
In pages 35 and .36 it is enacted, that the
Canal Company shall purchase the whole of Sir
VVm. Oglander's, ~Lord Sidmouth's, and Mr.
Manning's estates, if they take any part of them
for the purposes of the Canal. Allow me to ask,
why such. favour is shewn to those individuals,
and whether it was right or equitable so to do,
without granting the same to all others whose
lands will be as much injured by the Canal ?
Some of considerable property, others scarcely
possessing any other, who will be robbed of
their small .allotments. Your Lordship is not
to be told that the humblest individual has •a
full equal right to the law's protection of his
little all as the greatest landholder.
But the most astonishing part-of this most ex-
traordinary Act is in page 131 and 133, where it

is enacted, that nothing therein contained shall
authorize the Company to take or use any land
or ground,house,or building,belongingto EDWARD
BERKELEY PQItTMAN, Esq.in the parish of North
Pettenton ; or to HENRY POWELL COLLINS, Esq.
in the parish of North Carry, without their .con_
sent in writing.
Is it possible that your Lordship, knowing Mr.
COLLINS to he one of the most strenuous opposers
of this wild scheme, would permit an Act to pass,
which might, and in all probability ►would be-
come perfectly useless and nugatory by the re-
fusal of that g,,,,ntleman to give his consent. Is

t pos2ible t}►at your Lordship would be aware of
.he consequence of such a refusal.
With regard to the public, there are many
,hings whicl► must strike the attention of every

person who made this Act. I %s ill notice one

only, viz, the immense reservoirs which are to be

made for supplying the Canal with water, and I
would ask whether, or not, such extensive bodies
of_ stagnant waters will not be unwholesome,
whether or not some regard should have been
felt for the comfort, the health, and even the.

lives of his Majesty's subjects, whose habitations
are fixed near them, and whose confined circum-
stances will not allow them to seek any other,
and whether the country might not be liable to
be overflown for miles, and property of a vast
amount destroyed, if the banks of either of these
reservoirs should give way ?
I have addressed these Observations to your
Lordship, because you must have been misled
by erroneous 'statements and calculations, and
may not have given that consideration to the va-
rious clauses contained in the Act, which the mag-
nitude of the subject, and time interests of the
public required.
In the hope that your Lordship will never re-
commend such another Act to the sanction of the
Legislature, I remain,
AlguEt 16, 1825.

A LANDHOLDER.

*** Having inserted many articles in favour
of the stupendous Plan to which the foregoing.
letter relates, we cannot 4'efuse to admit that
letter as an appeal to our candour and justice on
the other side of the question.