The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-23 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA.

Accounts from Rio Grande of the 14th July represent
that divisions had broken out between the insurgent Chiefs
since their success at Rio Pardo, and that they were
mutually accusing each other of treachery and of not having
profited by their victory. Calderon, in the meantime, the
Commander for the Government, had collected more than
1,000 cavalry in the Oriental State to reinforce the Imperial
a-my. According to advices from Bahia of the 27th of
July an auxiliary force of troops from thence bad embarked,
and was to sail on the 2d of August for Rio Grande.
The sailing of the packet Lyra had been delayed till the
22d of August.
Private letters received in the City to-day of the 14th
August, from Monte Video, do not confirm this intelli.
hence, but the contrary. They state that the outside
(Rivera's) party had to a certain extent surrounded the
town, and cut off the supplies of fresh provision, The
siege, however, was not so strict but that some had gained
entrance. Assistance had been sent from Buenos Ayres to
Laval:eja, who commanded at Pysandre, by Roses, con-
sisting of 300 men fully armed. Great exertions were also
making by the Government to support him. A brig of war
bad arrived from France with despatches for Admiral Le
Blanc, commanding the blockading squadron, informing
him that four more ships of war were shortly to sail from
Brest and Toulon, to reinforce the squadron. Exchange
at Monte Video, 43id. to 44d.
Letters from Mexico, dated the 24th of August, state
that advices had been just received there that a French
blockading squadron, consisting of two frigates and a cor-
vette, had arrived on the West (the Pacific) coast. A.
private letter from Son Luis de Potosi, of the 15th, con-
firms this intelligence. The writer states that the Prefect
had just been with him, to say that an extraordinary courier
had arrived, advising that two French frigates, a brig, and
a corvette had appeared at San B!as and Mazat to com-
mence the blockade in the Pacific.—Tinies.

ATTEMPTED SUICIDE —Between tSvtive and one
o'clock yesterday morning a young man, named John Friend,
who is very respectably connected, was brought into St. Bar-
tholomew's Hospital, having male a desperate attempt to
terminate his existence by cutting his throat with a rt zor. The
rash act was perpetrated at his lodgings in Gray's Inn road;
and, although the incision is both deep and extensive, it for-
tunately did not separate any of the principal vessels of the
throat. He had latterly been in a low and desponding way,
arising from his addresses to the daughter of an acquaint-
ance having been rejected. S•rong hopes are indulged in of
his surviving.
EXTRAORDINARY CROP OF POTATOES.
There was dug up lately, on Sir David Milne's property. at
Inveresk, near Musselburgh, some potatoes, of the usual size,
which probably exceed in crop any other ever heard of. The
soil is a light loam. It was partially manured with a corn,
pound of tree-leaves and pigeon dung : and the roots were
planted in the beginning of April. At five shays of the
American early sort, there were no fewer than 280 goodly-
sized roots, weighing in all 3-Whs., giving 56 potatoes to each
plant 1 At one shaw of early ki,lneys there were 38, weighing
71bs. ; and a sbaw cf early dwarfs had no fewer than 50 po,.
tatoes of the same weight as the others. On the break •of
land, whereon these potatoes grow, taking the whole at an
average, the crop might have yielded upwards of 200 bolls per
acre We understand the roots of three of the plants have
been sent to Mr, Lawson's Agricultural Museum.—Berwick
Warder.

A REscuE.---A most laughable incident occurred
yesterday in one of the principal streets of our moropolis.
An unfortunate wight, who happened to leave some unpleasant
reminiscences with a variety of tradesmen whom he had for
some time been liberally patronising, and had given practical
lessons in the useful art of bookkeeping, was sauntering
through Sackville.street, between three and four o'clock,
when his meditations were most abruptly curtailed by the
unceremonious greetings of a couple of hard-hearted knaves,
in the shape of sheriffs' bailiffs. Aware that a slight suspicion
of debt attach to him if seen in their company, and being
very reluctant to comply with their invitation, t'.e youth sud-
denly exclaimed—" Even for conscience sake will I suffer
this iniquity I" The loud tones of his voice attracted the
attention of several persons passing by, and to their in-
quiries as to the cause of his arrest he promptly replied.
" Tithes, tithes ! I am about to be dragged to prison at
the suit of a parson I never saw, and for spiritual services
I never sought." " It's a shame," said some patriotic Dis-
senter, in cordial sympathy with the martyr. " It's a dis-
grace," said an indignant Papist. "We should not suffer it,"
said a Liberal Protestant. " I'm d—d if we will," growled
a pugnacious jarvey, hustling through the crowd. " Tithes,
tithes !" bellowed the prisoner. " Down with the ti.cihes
chorused a dozen of newsvenders. " Beat the bssedeffsthe
shouted a young urchin perched on a lamp-post to oversee
p neded an
fun. " Yes, by all means, beat the bailiffs,
apple-woman, striking the object of her .
wt
dtmob- " Here's
" Rescue the prisoner," yelled the excited rfi; overres the face.
To h—ll with the
the police," roared the frightened
insinuated the imp on
police and the parsons," rejoined
the bailiff=, and rescue the prisoner,
of an eye the aforesaid
the lamp-post, and in the twinkling
ed the length of their respee-
baean„kt:.mbrella- man. Beat
ministers of the law had measured
for eon-
science the five corpuses in
wards Carlis e-bridge, at the rate
offorel, while
.thie- "martyr.
an our.
Groups were yet lingering of eight or ten knots
had occurred, when the patrol ar-
rived, sake" scudded o
on
the spot where fracas
InquitieS made by the inspector, it turned
was captured for a bona
_fide debt, and.
• d far more to his
ingenuity than to his conscientious
"e his release.—Freeman's Journal.
scruples for
outrive d
thatan

The Menai Bridge, the most wonderful work of the
kind in this country, is far surpassed in length, breadth, and
height by the chain-bridge at Fribourg, in Switzerland. This
bridge hai a span from pier to pier of 870 feet, and is sus-
poetic(' at the height of 167 feet above the river, being longer
than the Menai by 319 feet, and higher by 65 feet. The
breadth is in proportion; yet the whole cost amounted only to
24,0001., while the Menai Bridge cost 211,7911.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Some very erroneous statements are circulated respect-
ing the time at which Lord Durham announced his inten-
tion to take his departure from Canada. In the last
dispatch received from him, which is dated the 29th of
September, be states that it would not be possible for him to
quit Canada for more than a month ; that be should then
proceed by way of the United States, in order to exert
himself to perfect the good understanding between the
people of the two countries, in which so much progress had
been already made by him ; and that be expected to be in
London in the month of January. It is quite impossible

that he could have left Quebec on the loth of October,
one of the dates assigned for his departure. Mendacious
and unprincipled as the Times is, the effort of yesterday to
back out of the article of Friday last is a piece of impu-
dent mendacity beyond the usual flights even of that
paper. We feel an indescribable repugnance to fol-
low this unprincipled journal through its mazes of
falsehood and inconsistency, because the disgrace of a paper
extensively circulated like the Tinges, and identified with
the Tory party, is in some sort national, and affords but too
much justification for the low opinions of the English press
entertained by foreigners. Thn duty we now discharge is
necessary ; but it is one from which little satisfaction can
be derived. It is unnecessary to drag our readers through
the long articles from which we made copious extracts on
Saturday last. We may, however, so far refresh their me-

mory as to repeat the following sentences :
" In the position wherein Lord Durham now finds himself
—under a dark cloud of presumptive error, and in some sort
self-punished for faults of which others, by the difficulties with
which they surrounded him, may, for anything we know to the
contrary, have been the real cause—justice and honour, and
every right feeling, preclude us from saying a single word in
the shape of censure or disparagement against him. We
have never wished ill to that Noble Lord, nor sus-
pected him of an indifference to right or wrong, when both
lay plainly before him. We shall, therefore, on this occa-
sion, and until Lord: Durham has an opportunity of meeting
face to face in Parliament the spiteful enemy tsho led
the assault upon his character, and the false friends who
sneaked away, leaving an absent man, who relied upon their
fidelity, exposed to a flight of envenomed arrows from behind
—until that day of triumph comes we shall refrain from the
utterance of any opinion upon the public measures, apart from
the general appointments, proposed or executed by the Noble
Lord, seeing that he has never yet been heard in explanation
of them." After telling us that the Conservatives, in support-
ing Lord Brougham, "acted in no spirit of hostility towards
Lord Durham," asd that " there was not breathed a syllable
indicative of anxiety to thwart, perplex, or ortify the Noble
Earl, or to cast a shade of suspicion upon his motives," it
proceeded to say, " We have studiously abstained throughout
from expressing so much as the hint of an opinion upon the
political merits of Lord Durham's Canadian Administration.
We know too little of its details ; but we have in the above-
mentioned data ground more than sufficient for asserting that
never was public man more scurvily or basely deserted by those
who were fledged, by obligations which cannot be broken
without ruin to those who disregard them, to have made a
rampart of their own bodies round their friend and delegate,
and to have identified their political existence with his."
Now, we showed on Saturday, and could have adduced
numerous instances in addition to what we gave, that so
far from having cautiously abstained from expressing so
much as the hint of an opinion upon the merits of Lord
Durham's Canadian Administration, the Times had pur-
sued without intermission a warfare of vituperation against
his Lordship from the moment of his departure from our
shores. On the 9th of August he is represented to have
kindled destructive flames in Canada by a free use of pot-
lical combustibles ; the Special Council was described as
neither in accordance with the spirit of the statute under
which it has been constituted, nor at all likely to command
the confidence of the Canadian public ; and he is reproached
with having superseded an ancient and constitutional fore:
of Government by a high-handed despotism. On the 11th
of August " All Lord Brougham's statements, illustrative
of the rash and reckless character of the Durham policy are,
we have reason to believe, strictly true ; and Lord
Brougham's Bill is termed " a Bill for putting
a stop to the mischiefs which Lord Durham
is threatening to perpetrate." Improving still on
this, on the 20th of August the Times exclaims,
Poor Lord Durham. Perseverance in our intended
strictures on what may doubtless be deemed the first
and last acts of his Lordship's viceroyship is now rendered
unnecessary. A general feeling of indignation has been ex-
cited by that nobleman's illegal and despotic ordinances."
It was charitable in the Times to abstain from further stric-
tures when it concluded Lord Durham was politically de-
stroyed!—that he must succumb to the general feeling of
indignation against his illegal and despotic ordinances.
Farther than this it could not well go. The next step
would have been mangling the dead body. But that which
on the 20th of August was so illegal and despotic as to
have excited one general feeling of indignation, and ren-
dered the continuance of Lord Durham's 'viceroyship im-
possible, is yesterday reserved for further consideration.
The Times pronounced sentence of political death on Lord
Durham on the 20th of August on account of the ordi-
nances ; but it reserves its opinion on them on the 22d of
October :
" If the course pursued by the Noble Earl," says the Times
yesterday, " was dictated by the purest motives,' which we
are no less convinced of than was Lord John Russell, and
forced upon the Noble Earl by necessity, as affirmed by Lord
Glenelg, but upon which point we beg leave to reserve our
opinion."
But Lord Glenelg affirmed all that before you passed
sentence of political death on Lord Durham. This is
political justice with a vengeance. And how does the
Times extricate itself from this maze of falsehood and in-
consistency ? Here is the effort, and a precious one it is :
" Now, it must be obvious to every rational being that when
we talked of having abstained throughout,' we meant
throughout' the preceding article, considering Lord Durham
as a public functionary on his trial,' and whose defence was
still to come.' Yet with the dirty, ungentlemanly trickiness and
low dishonesty which belongs to the Whig Press, they resort
for proofs of our having misrepresented our own actions, and
of our having done that which we professed to have ' abstained'
from doing, to the files of this Journal for last August, when
we, in common with the two Houses of Parliament, and with
the whole Press on both sides of the question, were engaged,
avowedly, and repeatedly, and we will add, unavoidably,
in a free discussion of what had then taken place in the pro-
vinces of North America I It is a humiliation to have aught to
do, even as adversaries, with raffish practitioners like these,
and so we at present leave them."
So that the abstinence from expressing so much as the
hint of an opinion upon the political merits of Lord Dur-
ham's Canadian administration was intended to apply only
to that particular article ! Lord Durham was on his trial,
and his defence was still to come ; and could the Times for
a moment be suspected of condemning a man whose de-
fence was still to comet But what a pity that the pure
Times of the 22d October should be obliged to drag
about with the rotten carcase of the Times of the 20th
August. Pray, good Times, did you know any more of
the merits of Lord Durham's administration on the 20th
August, when you declared it had excited a general feel-
ing of indignation—when you pronounced his viceroyalty
at an end—than you know now on the 22d October? It
may be well now to abstain from condemning a man
unheard of whose acts you say you know nothing ; but it
would have been not less proper to have abstained from
condemning him on account of the very same measures on
the 26th of August last. You declare Lord Brougham a
spiteful enemy, who shoots envenomed arrows from behind,
in October ; but all the statements of this same Lord
Brougham so characterised now were strictly true in
August, when the Durham policy was pronounced, on the
faith of this true and disinterested witness, rash and reck-
less! But why waste more words on such wretched
floundering. We have always regretted the course pur-
sued by Ministers, because we considered Lord Durham's
conduct not only strictly justifiable, but the wisest and best
which could have been adopted. But for the Tories to
whisper one syllable of dissatisfaction with Ministers is
the height of effrontery. They and their precious organ
the Times condemned the ordinances as tyrannical—they
chuckled at the idea of having excited a general feeling
of indignation against that Noble Earl in his absence
—they welcomed every rumour injurious to the No-
ble Earl—in their eagerness to ruin him they viola-
ted every principle of the monarchy, making the
House of Lords an Executive Committee for con-
ducting the government of Canada—they hailed
the Bill of Lord Brougham as the termination of Lord
Durham's viceroy alty. If they declare they really attached
no importance to all this, while yet
Lordthey were seeking to
kindle a storm of indignation. against Durham, they
only represent themselves in a still blacker light to the
regret what has happened, it is
country. Whoever
.m. ayt
We conclude these observa-
tions them to remain mien •
following extract from the Scotsman, which
tions with the .
conveys the opinion of every honest man in the three
kingdoms :
" The fiendish malignity of factionhashenthhues
haacdcothmepflaisirheesdt
its purpose; Lord Durham, at the time w
prospect of achieving the great object of his mission,
issißorni,tahians
couliaban-
doned his task—a task which no other man
are
still
undertake with the same chance of success There
many malcontents in both Canadas ; and if th
event
stateve twill
con-
fusion
ne-
cessarily create, should encourage them to new outbreaks, and
plunge the country a second time into the flames of civil war,
such wilt only be the natural and legitimate consequences
the course adopted by the authors of the Indemnity Bill—
consequences which it is no breach of charity to say that they
foresaw, and were willing to incur, for the sake of embar-
rassing or overturning the liberal government. The dis-
memberment of the empire is coolly contemplated, rebel-
lion and bloodshed are welcomed, if they can only be converted
into thorns in the side of the Ministry. The annals of
faction furnish few examples of such unqualified profligacy."
—Morning Chronicle.
The Irish intelligence published yesterday contained a ,
statement in the following; words, viz.:--" The county of

Meath has been convened by the Sheriff, Mr. Corbelly,
for the 24th inst., to petition for the total extinction of
tithes, in substance as well as in name, or their appro-
priation to national purposes, and for a just measure of
Municipal Reform in Ireland." The requisition for the
meeting is signed by " the Marquis of Headfort, Lord-
Lieutenant of the county of Cavan, Lord Cloncurry, Sir
William Somerville, M.P., &c." Is this so? Can it be
so ? Here is a public meeting convened to bring about
by that expedient of the science of agitation which consists
of petitioning after the fashion of the musket-pointing beg-
german in Gil Blas—to bring about, we say, " the total
extinction of tithes, both in name and substance." Now,
tithes constitute the only provision for the mainte-
nance of the Established clergy within these realms. The
subsistence of the clergy forms the only visible and
tangible attribute of the Church whereon legislation
can effectually operate. It is the whole, in fact, of
the temporal Church of England, in every part of the
United Kingdom. To extinguish tithes is to sweep away
the Church Establishment altogether. The first name
signed to this requisition for the entire overthrow of the
Protestant Church Establishment is, we find, that of the
Marquis of Headfort. And what is the Marquis of Head-
fort ? He is, in the first place, a member of the Irish
Privy Council, who, in order to become a Ptivy Councillor,
must have taken " the test for the security of the Pro-
testant Established C'turch," and who has also taken an
oath " to advise the King (or Queen) according to the best
of his cunning and discretion ; to advise for the King's (or
Queen's) honour ;" " to observe, keep, and do all that a
good and true Counsellor ought to do to his Sove-
reign Lord (or Lady.)" The Marquis of Headfort,
then, having sworn to cherish the " security of the
Protestant Church," fulfils that oath by calling to-
gether an assembly of those who are sworn enemies
of the Church—areenest them, that anythin,garian de-
magogue and rival mountebank to O'Connell, the no-
torious Mr. Sharman Crawford—to petition the Legisla-
ture—and the Queen, as a portion of it—to subvert the
whole of the Church Establishment which is subvertible by
human means—to vcit, the maintenance of its ministers.
So, such is the manner in which this Privy Councillor ac-
quits himself of the oath to advise the Queen for " the
Queen's honour"—na nely, by petitioning her Majesty to
violate her own coronation oath, and to forfeit her crown,
by concurring in the overthrow of the Protestant Church
—of all that branch of it which is accessible to the caprices
and abuses of human power ; for, thank the Divine Being
who watches over us, the doctrines of Protestantism, and
the sacred spirit which iespircs and upholds them, are be-
yond the jurisdiction of perjured Councillors, or ill-advised
and unheeding Monarchs. But what more is the Marquis
of Headfort, besides a Privy Councillor, who, in so far as
he may lend himself to undermine the Established Pro-
testant Church, will to that extent be a sacrilegious
perjurer? This seine Lord is a Lord Lieutenant of the
county of Cavan, that county of Ireland which we be-
lieve contains nearly the largest proportion of Pro-
testants in the whole isl ma. The Lord Lieutenant
of a county is the head of the executive government
within that county, and is bound by an oath identical in
spirit with that which binds the conscience of the Sovereign,
to maintain, in its integrity and in its temporal interests,
the Protestant Established Church. He is an officer re-
movable at the will and pleasure of the Sovereign for any
act derogatory to his official character as the Sovereign's
delegate and represent Ai% e. The confidential advisers of
the Queen are responsible that such an officer shall not
violate his oath, or shall be visited with the most significant
marks of the Royal displeasure in case of such violation.
But Lord Headfort is somethieg more than a Privy Coun-
cillor and Lord Lieutenant of an Irish county. He dis-
charges functions which bring him into a closer proximity
to the Sovereign. He occupies a high station in her Ma-
jesty's household, and forms a member of that circle which
is admitted into the daily presence of the Queen, to asso-
ciate with her, to have the honour of conversing with her,
and of conveying his sentiments directly to her Majesty's
ear. Will her Majesty, with a full remembrance of her own
Coronation oath, and of the duties which it enjoins, as
well as those which it implies—will her Majesty, with
a full knowledge of the oaths and tests which are
taken by every Privy Councillor—will her Majesty,
when she comes to learn the enterprise which her Lord of
the Bedchamber has engaged in, and the accomplices with
whom he has arrayed himself, for the temporal ruin of that
Establishment of which she is herself the temporal head—
will, we repeat, her Majesty Queen Victoria, granddaughter
of George 111., and successor of the great Protestant
Queen Elizabeth, deem it consistent with her oath, or with
the principles which raised the House of Brunswick to the
throne of these realms, to countenance in one of her own
household officers a flagrant indecency, an outrageous in-
sult, to her imperial crown and person, such as that which
in this article we have with so much pais and shame been
denouncing ? If Lord Headfort be not dismissed at once
from the Privy Council, the Lord-Lieutenancy, and the
Royal household, then will every honest Protestant in the
empire cry out that Popish treason has scaled the Palace
walls, or burst the gates, and that it riots in the same
chamber with the desecrated royalty of Great Britain.
It was a lamentable and disgraceful thing to hear
Lord Howick, of the Cabinet Council of Queen
Victoria, revenge himself for his incapacity to re-
sist the Irish Church Bill, stripped of that appro-
priation clause which had lifted him into office, by threaten-
ihg the existence of the Protestant Church. It was an
awful thing that such a Minister, for such an outrage, should
retain his power of " advising" the Sovereign for a single
hour. It might be saddening to a friend of civil and reli-
gious freedom, that it is Popery which retains Lord Mel-
bourne and Lord John Russell as Ministers of a Sovereign
who owes her Crown to a solemn adjuration of Popery—
who knows, indeed, what dignities may be, even while we
write, in store for that titled offender, the menial servant of
a Protestant Queen, who agitates Ireland for the " extinc-
tion of tithe in name and substance ?" It was to services
like his, though less formally avowed, that a viceregal Earl
was indebted for his Marquisate a few months since. What,
then, should stand between a bedchamber Marquis and his
Dukedom ? A topsy-turvy Government, for aught we can
tell, may have its own principles or punctilios of iniquity,
shapeless and bottomless though they seem to our apprehen-
sions. In such a case it is not the worst men who have
least to hope. Requisitions for the downfall of religious
worship are acts of grace, where the ruling force is no
better than a spiritual anarchy.—Times.
A Ministerial Paper, which we quoted on Saturday as
indulging a fond and trembling hope that, after all, Lord
Durham may, perhaps, not resign the government of
Canada, still appears to cling to that last resource of com-
fort, under the heavy visitation of his Lordship's displeasure
with the Whig-Radical Cabinet. This Ministerial Journal
—doubtless after very much meditation upon the subject—
has done us the honour (but spared its blushes the acknow-
ledgment of the same) of adopting the view which we took
on Friday last of Lord Durham's position. We then said
that, " if Lord Durham had reason to believe that his con-
tinued presence in Canada and superintendence of its af-
fairs were very important to the security of that province,
and to its faithful and useful adherence to the mother
country, and that this would be the case notwithstanding
the passing of the Indemnity Bill, then no feeling of per-
sonal vexation, however sharp it might be, should have
caused him at such a time to abandon his Go-
vernment." The Ministerial Journal of yesterday
morning, contemplating the resignation of his Lord-
ship, not as a decided thing and a thing past, but
a step yet to be determined upon, argues that his
Lordship's resignation can alone admit of justification on
the ground that his authority had been weakened. The
supposition that he might have been induced to resign by
personal feelings, must, it is said, be put aside, because
personal feelings would not justify the abandonment of his
trust. So far so good—at least we are bound to admit that
it is so, since within but a few days it fell to our lot to say
upon the very same subject pretty nearly the same thing.
But the Ministerialust be
a " Journal, although it says that the
feelingsitsown
judgment, as may be seen by the
supposition of Lord Durham having been influenced by per-
sonal
put aside," does not appear. to
followfollowing
extract :

" The strongest minded men are not proof against the feel-
ings of despondency caused by disastrous intelligence, and it is
not detracting from tio merits or Lord Durham, or impugn-
ing the judgment of our correspondents, to suppose that they
over-rated the effect which the disallowing ordinances might
ultimately have in weakening his Lordship's authority. His
Lordship might theref,:re be justified in judging, at the time
Ihe answered the deputies from the provinces, and when he
subsequently sent off his despatch to the Colonial Office,
i that his authority had keen so much weakened that it would be
1 inadequate to the emergency which called for its existence ;
and he might not be justified in abiding by the determination
which that judgment had led him to declare, if the peeple of
Canada rally round him with such enthusiasm as to place be-
yond a doubt that his authority cannot possibly be higher than
it is now."
All this pleading i ppears to amount to this—that though
Lord Durham allowed his personal feelings (his " feelings
of despondency") to actuate him so far as to lead to the
announcement of his resignation ; yet when those feelings
had so far subsided as to permit him to think calmly over
the various " untoward events" which might attend the
abandonment of his Government, he might very well
change his mind, and determine in the second place not to
resign, as he had determined in the first place to do just the
contrary. We rather doubt that this course of the Noble
Lord's reflections, however agreeable it might be found to
some persons who hold places in this country, would much
redound to the reputation of the Noble Lord for temper
and caution as a public servant. As public opinion already
stands, his Lordship h.is not so much reputation of this
kiqd to rest urn chat L
, .. uld lightlyhazard any iinrtion
of it. But our Ministerial guide, upon these important
matters, is somewhat obscure, for while he describes the in: