The Sun.
London, England, 1849-09-24 00:00:00

r,TTIP, istri l4, LONDON;

annihilated. All our feelings, therefore, have merged
into a deep and earnest anxiety lest, in looking to
the end of thisore-organization, the means should be
unobserved, lest, in looking at the mark to which
the arrow of reform is being propelled, we should
lose sight of the bow which has been
the medium of its propulsion, lest, in bear-
ing in mind the general injustice of Courts-
Martial, we should forget the individual injustice
wreaked by those execrable institutions upon the two
unfortunate gentlemen we have particularised. Hence
we would recal these two remarkable cases to the
attention of the Noble Lord and to the Honourable
Representative who will at the outset of the next
session bring the subject of Courts-Martial before
both Houses of the Imperial Parliament.

When will Irishmen learn that the welfare and
prosperity of their native land can only be attained by
good faith and integrity on the part of the people,
and the cordial co-operation of all, without exception,
for the benefit of their common country ? So long as
class is arrayed against class, so long as those whose
interests are one and indivisible shall aim at out-
witting and defrauding each other, there can be no
hope for unhappy Ireland. However auspicious the
auguries that may be afforded, however favourable
the legislation, there can be no beneficial results until
the relationship between landlord and tenant be placed
on a better foundation, and a complete and cordial
union be established between them : divided
they are 'powerless. No good can arise from
the most earnest and zealous exertions of
either party so long as these efforts are
not only not participated in, but opposed
and rendered nugatory by the others. The best land-
lord can scarcely be expected to expend his capital on
the improvement of his estate, if the tenantry will
not avail themselves of the opportunities placed within
their reach, and if he cannot entertain at least a rea-
sonable expectation that they will punctually and
honestly perform the contracts into which they have
deliberately entered. On the other hand, the tenant
will have no adequate motive to increase the fertility
of the soil or to bring his holding into the best pro-
ductive condition if subject to be ejected therefrom at
the mere caprice of his landlord, or his agent. The
one must be satisfied that he will in ordinary seasons
receive the amount of rent agreed on to be paid; the
other that he himself or his children will be permitted
to enjoy the fruits of his skill and industry, either by
being continued in possession of his farm, or receiv-
ing full compensation in money for the value of the
unexhausted improvements. When these conditions
are performed, both landlords and tenants will really
have a community of interest that will lead to the
most beneficial results. Hitherto, save in some dis-
tricts in the northern province, these conditions have
not been fulfilled in any part of Ireland; and the me-
lancholy consequences are but too plainly perceptible
in the rude and defective system of agriculture, in
the barren and unproductive condition of the soil, and
in the sufferings and misery of the inhabitants. A
mere cursory inspection of the farms in the south and
west of Ireland will afford the best evidence of
the absence of a proper understanding between
the owners and occupiers, while the flourishing ap-
pearance of the various holdings in many parts of
Ulster will show that there, at least, the great problem
has been satisfactorily solved, and that the solution
has materially advanced the interests of all parties
concerned, as well of landlords as of tenants, and of
the labouring population residing in these more for-
tunate localities.
Recent accounts from Ireland prove beyond the
possibility of doubt that there is, at least in some of
the southern districts, an organized conspiracy to
defraud landlords by carrying off the crops, and
leaving them without any adequate remedies for the
recovery of rents. There is, in fact, in Tipperary
and some of the adjoining counties, an anti-rent move-
ment going on that must lead to the most deplorable
consequences, unless speedily arrested in its progress.
The produce of the lands has in many instances been
completely swept away in a single night, by large and
well-drilled parties, who come in sufficient force to
overawe and defeat any opposition that can be offered
by the police of the vicinity, while the main body
hurry off with their plunder to the haggards of some
sympathising neighbour, from whence it may subse-
quently be borne to market. A detached corps will
keep the constabulary in check, and distract their
attention from the real object of their pursuit, while
the baffled and defrauded landlords are not only
deprived of their rents, but left respon-
sible for the large arrears of poor-rates,
tithe rent charge, and other taxes payable

in respect of the denuded tenements. A similar
operation is performed night after night in different
localities, so that there are few proprietors who have
not been victimised in turn. These atrocious pro-

ceedings naturally excite general distrust, so that
even the really honest and well disposed tenant is
unduly pressed and made answerable for the back-
slidings of his neighbour. His crops are seized, and
legal expenses accumulated before any opportunity
is afforded for the legitimate disposal of his produce.
Injured and aggrieved by the apparent hardship of
the case—although it is merely an act of self preserva-
tion on the part of the landlord, who cannot discrimi-
nate between the innocent and well-disposed tenant and
the reckless and dishonest conspirator—the man,
who would otherwise feel disposed to act fairly,
enters into the movement heart and soul, and becomes
a willing agent in the agrarian outrages that dis-
grace his district.
This system, so disastrous to all concerned, so con-
trary to public policy, and subversive of the best
interests of the nation, can only be checked by a
judicious alteration in the law of landlord and tenant
in Ireland, by giving the occupying tenant full com-
pensation for his outlay in all unexhausted improve-
ments of a permanent and lasting character; in fact,
by extending the custom of " tenant-right" to the
entire kingdom, and giving it the force of law. Even in
the North itself it is essential that the custom should he
legalized and rendered compulsory upon the landlords,
in place of being a mere voluntary grace on their
I)• art Even in the most favoured districts the salu-
tary custom is subject to daily encroachments by
needy and embarrassed landlords that threaten its
existence. We have long and zealously advocated this
cause, which we believe to be of the most paramount
importance to the sister kingdom, and which, if not

affording a panacea for all the evils by which she has

been so grievously sfflieted through ages of mis.

government and oppression, is at least one of the chief

remedies by which her maladies may be healed and
new vitality restored to her almost paralyzed
energies. We rejoice to find that the ques-
tion is brought prominently for ward by a
society established for the purpose of defending
the custom of" tenant-right" where it already exists,
and of introducing it into districts where it has not

hitherto been recognised.
Mr. S. M. GEER, the secretary to the Coleraine
Tenant Right Association, has published two adini.

rable letters on this all-important subject, which have
been given to the public through the columns of a

respected provincial contemporary, the Coleraine
Chronicle, and which discuss the disputed points with
the utmost clearness and ability. Four letters have

already appeared, and we trust that, when the series
is completed, it may be published in a separate form,
so that the English and the Irish nations may be made
thoroughly 'acquainted with the real merits of the
question, in which the best interests of Ireland, and
through Ireland, of the United Kingdom, are so
deeply concerned.

ELECTION OF LORD Meiron.—The election of
Lord Mayor for the city of London will take place on
Saturday next, being Michaelmas.day. The number of
aldermen who have not passed the chair is ten, all of
whom will be put to the choice of the livery. Thomas
Farncomb, EN., of Giffin's-wharf, Tooley-street, elected
alderman of the ward Ba,:sisshaw, in 1841, being
the next in rotation, if returned to the Court of
Aldermen, will be declared Lord Mayor. The
choice rests between him and Aldermen ,Musgrave and
Hunter.

LORD BROUGHAM.—The Noble and Learned Lord
completed his 71st year on Wednesday last, and on the
occasion of his natal day, a large party assembled at
Brougham Hall, Westmoreland. The Duke and Duchess
of Bean ort, and Lady Henrietta Somerset, the Marquis
and Marchioness of Lansdowne, the Marquis of Douro,
lion. Mr. Fane, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Brougham, &c., have
been amonng the recent guests at the Hall.
LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.--The royal mail steam-
ship Canada, Captain Judkins, departed from the Mer-
sey at two o'clock to-day, for Halifax and New York,
with the usual mails for North America, and about 80
passengers. The homeward mails, &c., per the Cale-
donia, Captaia Leitch, which would leave Boston on the
12th, and Halifax on the 14th instant, may be expected
to arrive here ou Tuesday.