The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-29 00:00:00

THE SUN

ceived that masterly plan of the satermpaign which
opened so auspiciously, and terminated so suddenly
and deplorably. Under DEMBINSKI were those
generals and their followers whose names were already
covered with an enduring celebrity—there was a
division under BEM in the east, a division under
GEORGEY in the north, a division under GUYON in
the south, and another division in the west under the
orders cf KLAPKA and Auxacn. The central army
changed its position, of course, with the head-
quarters of DEMBINSKI ; and from those head-
quarters emanated, in unison with the policy
of KOSSUTH and his Government, the commands
which regulated the manceuvres and directed the
combinations of the campaign. So long as those
commands were followed with implicit obedience, so
long were the Magyar councils prosperous and the
Magyar soldiers victorious. Assailed simultaneously
by two gigantic empires,the defenders of Hungary, at
first surrounded, in turn surrounded their assailants.
Absolutism was completely checkmated. Comorn
still held out ; Peterwardein was relieved;
Raab was captured, and the conquerors
pressed forward even to the suburbs of Presburg.
In a preliminary conflict among the mountains of
Transylvania, BEM had discomfitted the corps led
on by LUDERS. In the vicinity of the Donavitza
GUYON had broken the courage and avenged the
cruelties of the Croats under JELLACHICH.
Along
,the banks of the Neytra and the
Rabnitz, the troops under KLAPKA and
AULICH advanced with such undeviating
success that the evidences of panic were already
visible in the environs of Vienna. HAYNAU mean-
while, having marched southwards apparently for
the purpose of carrying assistance to the
BAN, completed his arrangements and prepared
to try the strength of his arms against
the " insurgents" under DEMBINSKI. Then it was
that while BEM hastened from Transylvania to
strengthen the forces under the Commander-in-Chief
of the Hungarians, General ARTHUR GEORGEY,
(whose first duty it had been from the very outset of
the campaign to unite his soldiers with the soldiers
of DEMBINSKI) did not effect that junction, that junc-
tion which was, under the circumstances, then im-
peratively necessary, but, instead of doing,sotose
imobl-f
ob-
tained a reversion of the supreme power
from the hands of Kossvr
n, and inaugurated his
accession to the Dictatorship by an uncon-
ditional surrender to Prince PASKEWITCH.
Those are the facts as far as they have yet transpired,
and upon them history will ultimately pronounce her
irrevocable judgment. We pray GOD that no testi-
monies of treason so black and horrible as those
which are surmised may be brought home
to the youthful hero, the originator of
this capitulation. For we remember that
while GEORGEY has laid down his arms at the foot-
stool of the AUTOCRAT, BEM has remained faithful to
the cause for which he has a hundred times jeopardized
his existence. And BEM is a Pole, and GEORGEY is a
Hungarian ! Our whole soul revolts so utterly from
the mere supposition of such stupendous
treason, that while we bow to the conviction that
such a heart as that of NELSON would have broken
rather than yield when at the head of 40,000 fighting
men, we shall shut our eyes to suspicion, and
honour GEORGEY the Brave, until proofs of his guilt
arise such as are altogether incontrovertible. Until
indisputable facts shall demonstrate to the contrary,
We shall regard Hungary as the victim of misfor-
tune rather than the holocaust of treachery.

A number of individual deaths by violent means is
just now, very naturally, occupying general attention
and exciting general horror ; and at the same time
the Peace Society is endeavouring to preserve life by
putting an end be the system of war. Simultaneously
with the existence of these various feelings, having
for their object the preservation of human life, an
enemy more destructive than murder and more im-
placable than war is daily sweeping away tens and
hundreds of our countrymen. Much has been said
about the cholera ; we are aware it has excited in
some instances unnecessary apprehension, and in
many exaggerated alarm ; still, whatever may have
been said, not sufficient has been done to impede the
progress of the pestilence and to prevent its future
recurrence. A murder is committed, and imme-
diately every circumstance connected with it is inves-
tigated cad the prime agent subjected to a terrible
punishment, chiefly as a preventive against similar
calamities. Many of the deaths which appear in the bills
of mortality as cholera are, in fact, legalised murders,
which in all human probability might have been pre•

were such precautions omitted in past cases, but
there seems little hope of improvement for the future.
A striking instance of this criminal neglect is fur-
nished by the recent deaths in the Wandsworth-road.
At the inquest held on the Rev. Mr. EthutrsoN, one
of the late inhabitants of that locality, whose house
had been fearfully visited by the pestilence, the jury
returned as their verdict—

" That the deceased died of Asiatic cholera, and that
the disease broke out only in one place where the drain-
age was very defective; also that a large quantity of filth
Was allowed to accumulate at one or more of the houses;
also that the tanks and the water in them were impure
from their close proximity to the cesspools; and the jury
c uld not separate without expressing a hope that the
owners of the property would take immediate and effec-
tive means, by improved drainage and a different supply
of water, to prevent" for the future, as far as human
means can go, the recurrence of so terrible a calamity."

Samples of the water found in the tanks of these
houses were produced at the inquest. It was said
that in some of the tanks there was a sediment seven
or eight inches deep, and the assistant-surveyor of the
Commissioners of Sewers said he considered that,
from some overflowing of the sewer or from bad
drainage, the soil had got into the well from which
the houses were supplied. Thus, the unfortunate
victims of the so-called pestilence bare been literally
drinking poison I In this case culpable neglect is
very obvious, and without doubt in innumerable
other instances similarly faulty, although, perhaps,
not similarly apparent negligence, has been productive
of equally murderous consequences. Public prayers
are put up in the churches for the abatement
of the pestilence, but it is mockery to
raise the hands in supplication while instead
of doing our best to rid ourselves of the evil
we encourage it and cherish it by our apathy and our
negligence. Another fertile source of poison, another
legalised system of murder, to which we have again
and again alluded in terms of the strongest repre-
hension—namely, the system of intramural burial,
whereby death and the seeds of death, in their fbulest
and most infectious form, are treasured up in the
midst-of the living—has been again brought before
public notice by a letter from the eminent publisher,
Mr. CHARLES KNIGHT. Mr. KNIGHT complains
that he has the misfortune to carry on his business in
a house the back of which overlooks St. Bride's
Churchyard. This churchyard is, it appears,
crowded to repletion, and from the open graves fearful
exhalations are continually arising. We will not
further recapitulate these nauseous particulars. The
question must suggest itself to every thinking mind
—ought not some immediate steps to be taken to put
an end to these fruitful sources of disease and death ?
Is not the neglect or indifference of public authorities
in such matters somewhat synonymous to connivance
with a system of wholesale murder ?

Three weeks have scarcely elapsed since we directed
the public attention to the melancholy results of the
temptations to which young and inexperienced under-
graduates are exposed at our English Universities.
It is our painful duty this day to notice another case
in which a young man, in the very beginning of his
career, about to become a member of an arduous
and honourable profession, has been corn_
pt.-lied to avail himself of the provisions of
the Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors,
in order to obtain his liberation from the imprison-
ment to which his wan thoughtless extravagance and
the undue facilities afforded for plunging into debt
while he wai supposed to be completing his educa-
tion, had subjected him. Such a course, however
revolting to the feelings of a high-spirited youth,
was essential, unless he would be contented to linger
out his existence in a
gaol, exposed to the demorali-
zation consequent upon such a habitation.

There were some peculisrfeatu;esl;out the pre-
sent case that distinguish it from those to which we
formerly alluded. The first series of debts had
been fully satisfied by the afflicted father, and the
accommodating tradesmen bad been duly cautioned
that " he would be responsible for no further claims
—that his son was then of age, and that if they

again trusted him they sh3uld look to him alone for '
payment." And yet, despite this salutary warning
the unfortunate young man was again involved to
the extent of 9001. sterling, 6501. of which was due
to the very persons whose former demands had been
liquidated. The creditors too, exhibited a greater
degree of modesty than on former occasions.
There was an unwillingnes to come pro-
minently forward to complain of the insol-
vent for yielding to the temptations by which
he had been surrounded, or to attempt a

justification of the system. Four only had the.
hardihood to oppose the discharge. The literary
proprietor of " the ruination shop" was absent. Indeed
we know not whether he figured among the creditors,
although the list could scarcely he complete without

the name of the liberal and obliging Mr. THOMAS
RANDALL, who placed implicit confidence "in the
honour of that portion of the chivalry of England,
who pass for purposes of education the period between
raw (yes, very raw,) youth and matured manhood in
the University ;" who never refused "whatever might
be necessary for a gentleman," and who, according to
his own statement, did not set himself up for that
rara avis in terris, a commercial angel
without wings, selling no more to his customers
than he could possible avoid, by persuading them
that they might possibly wear their dirty gloves a
little longer, give their old hats a temporary gloss by
the application of a damp brush, or trim the edges of
their worn out shirt-collars, to prevent the rags show-
ing, and avert thus, for a time, the necessity of a new 1
" a t." We therefore incline to the supposition, that the
name of the insolvent must have been recorded in the
trade ledger of Mr. RANDALL, but that the latter
person entertained a wholesome dislike of " the at-
mosphere of the Insolvent Court." The admirable
decision of the Learned Gentleman (Mr. J. B.
PARRY, Q.C.) who presided on the occasion merits
the most unqualified approbation. •It is deserving of
the highest praise, not only as being in strict accord-
ance with both the letter and the spirit of the law
which Mr. FAARY was called upon to administer
but as inflicting "a heavy blow and great discourage-
ment" upon the pernicious system which it is so
desirable to check by any lawful means.
It appears from the proceedings, that the insolvent
had entered the:University in the year 1842, and
that he received the usual allowance of 2501. per
annum until he attained his full age of 21 years. His
father, who had twelve children, had paid his debts in
1847, about which time he had obtained his degree as
a Bachelor of Arts. His debts at present amounted
to 9201., the debts contracted in Oxford being 6501.,
and those out of Oxford being 2701. Among the
former there were—for hire of horses, dogs, and
saddler's bills, 199/. 16s. 4d.; for tavern bills, 1051.
11 a. 11d.; cigars and billiards, 119/. ss. 1011.; con-
fectionary, jewellery, pictures, and fancy articles,
1631. 14s. ld. ; tailor and hatters, 2261. 13s. 9d. ;
money borrowed, 88/. 175.; furniture Si. 10s.;
and books, 81. the food for the mind
bearing about the same proportion to the
hire of horses and dogs, to saddlers, and tavern
bids, to bills for cigars, billiards, confectionary,
jewellery, pictures, and fancy articles, that FALSTAFF'S
halfpennyworth of bread did to his account for sack.
The above list affords some slight illustration of the
pursuits most in favour at the ancient seats of learn-
ing, and the nature of the "necessaries" furnished to
the students who, teste Mr. THOMAS RANDALL, "in a
large proportion of cases have their bills paid after
they leave the University instead of the money pass.
ing through their hands, having only a certain sum
allowed for necessary purposes." It must be a great
consolation to the father of twelve children, who had
restricted his own expenditure and curtailed the
wants of the remainder of his numerous offspring, to
be enabled to afford a favourite son the advan-
tages of a University education, to think
that the " hope of the family," in place
of wasting his time over musty folios, has been re-
creating himself with horses and dogs ; that he had
enjoyed "the fragrance of a mild Havanna," "taken
his ease in his inn," solaced himself with hot break-
fasts, exhibited his taste in jewellery, pictures, and
fancy articles, and become a proficient in the use of
the " cue"—an adept in the noble science of billiards-
Above all, it must be satisfactory to the-parent's heart
to know that his child cannot be inconvenienced by
any temporary want of cash ; that although a loan of
money may be hard to be obtained, there can be no dif-
ficulty in procuring jewellery to any extent. Several
gold watches in a few months clearly come under the
head of necessaries, and they can easily be converted
into each thynnoa, at... .1.1!„.:-„,....:.3 - r ', -ansbrick," the
,I 1,1 nf s" at the Star. Seriously speaking,
what father can subject his child to so fearful an
ordeal unless possessed of means that will enable him
to sacrifice a " loose thousand" when his son has
concluded his course, and also contented to see him a
slave to a variety of idle, expensive, and mischievous
habits, that must materially prejudice his future
prospects. We again emphatically caution the
University authorities to adopt the measures necessary
to abate the nuisance, or they will too late learn that
they themselves will eventually become the sufferers.

[FIE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
A note had been received by M. KISSIELOFF, the
Russian charge d'affaires in Paris, from Count NES.'
SELRODE, directing him to communicate to the French
Government that it is the intention of the Emperor
of RUSSIA to withdraw the whole of his troops now in
I lungary within his own territories, so soon as the
Hungarians shall have laid down their arms, and
Have delivered up the fortresses at present in their
possession to the Austrian forces ; the note further
dates that the greater number of the Russian troops
at present in Moldavia and Wallachia will also be
withdrawn, and only a small number will remain in
T he
the principalities to ensure the preservation of tran-
quillity.election of Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and
Secretaries of the Councils-General, has taken place
in the departments. The successful candidates are
almost all Monarchists.

M. GRANDIN, one of the representatives of Rouen,
and General GUERHERME, brother-in-law to the Duke
of MONTEBELLO, have fallen victims to the cholera.
They died on Monday.
M. DE PERsIGNY has been dispatched by the PRE-
SIDENT of the Republic on a secret mission to Ger-
many. M. ODILLON BARROT has gone to Laon, to
attend the meeting of the Council-General of the
department, and M. LANJUINAIS, the Minister of
Commerce, to Brussels, to witness some experiments
in the refining of sugar.
The grands eaux of Versailles played on Monday,
at five o'clock, in honour of the visit of the members
of the Peace Congress, and those of St. Cloud at
eight in the evening. The fountains of St. Cloud
were illuminated. _ . .

La Presse publishes the model of a petition having
for its object the carrying out the views of the Peace
Congress. It demands the abolition of the conscrip-
tion, the establishment of a voluntary system, and
the reduction of the army to 180,000 men, or one
,oldier for every 200 citizens. The petition is ready
for signature at the office of La Presse and in the
provinces.

Some alarmists pretend that fears are entertained
of the occurrence of fresh commotions in Paris. We
entirely disbelieve the report, although no doubt
the reactionary party will endeavour by their agens
provocateurs to get up a sham emeute, under cover of
which they may perpetrate their long contemplated
coup d'etat whensoever they may deem a favourable
opportunity to have arisen.

The Bourse was well attended to-day, and a further
improvement took place in the price of Government
stock, particularly the Three per Cents. The Five per
Cents. closed at 89f. 85c.; the Three per Cents. at 55f.
30c.; Orleans Railroad Shares, 762 f. 50c.; Rouen, 530 f. •
Great Northern, 425 f.; Avignon, 227 f. 50c.; Basle, 102 f.
50c.; Bordeaux, 400 f.; Paris and Strasburg, 353 f. 75c.;
Tours and Nantes, 303 f. 75c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. AUGUST 28. _

Anglo Italian (late Italian and Austrian), I—Boulogne
and Amiens, 04—Great Indian Peninsula, 51,41—Ditto,
—Rouen and Havre, 91,4.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 23d have arrived.
At the meeting of bankf_rs and capitalists called by
the Minister of Finance ad interim, no decision with
respect to the advance required by the Government
eras come to, the gentlemen composing the meeting
having demanded time to reflect.
MADRID BoLSA, AuG. 23.—The Three per Cents.
were done st 26 for paper; the Four per Cents. at 11;
the Five per Cents. at 11k; the Debt without Interest,
at 4 ; and the Coupons at 6i for cash.

LOLA MONTES. Mr. and Mrs. Heald (Lola
Montes) have embarked at Marseilles on board the
Maria Antoinette, en route for Rome.
A weak mind sinks under prosperity as well as
under adversity. A strong and deep mind has two
highest tides—when the moon is at the full, and when
there is no moon.—. Eliza Cook's Journal.