The Sun.
London, England, 1838-11-16 00:00:00

ENGLISII AND PROVINCIAL PAPERS.
FROM JULY Ist TO SEPTEMBER gOth.
July. August. September.
Aylesbury News ••• 3,500 ... 3,50 U
Bristol Mirror •• • ... 10,000 10,000 10,000

Ditto, at Id. ••• ••• ••• ••• 3,000
Bury and Norwich Post ... 7,000 7,000 7,000
Bath Herald ••• ••• ... 6,000 4,000 4,000
Bath Chronicle ..• ••• ... 6,000 5,500 6,000
Brighton Gazette ... 5,000 5,000 5,000
Brighton Guardian ... 6,000 6,000 6,000
Bucks Gazette ••• ••• ••• 1,000 500 1,000
Bury Herald ••• ••• ... 2,000 2,000 2,000
Brighton Patriot ... 3,000 6,000
Birmingham Journal ... ... 12,500 10,000 10,500
Birmingham Herald ... 20,000 21,000
Brighton Herald ... ••• ... 4,000 4,000 4,000
Bath Journal ..• ••• ... 2,000 4,000 5,000
Birmingham Gazette (Aria's) 15,000 15,000 15,000
Bucks Herald ••• ... 2,000 2,000 2,000
Bath and Devizes Guardian ... 3,000 3,000 3,000
Bath and Cheltenham Gazette ... 6,000 2,000
Boston Herald ••• ••• ••• • • ••• 3,000
Berkshire Chronicle ... ••• ••• 7,000
Bedford Mercury ••• ..• ... •50 4,000 2,000
Birmingham Advertiser ... ... 5,000 5,000 5,000
Blackburn Gazette ••• ••• ..• 1,000 3,000
Blackburn Standard ..• ..• ... 3,000 2,000
Bolton Free Press .•. ... 3,000 3,000 3,000
Bolton Chronicle ••• ••• ... 5,000 5,000 5,000
Bristol Mercury ••• ••• ... 10,000 10,000 20,000
Ditto Id. ••• ••• ••• ••• ... 5,000
Britannia .. • • •• . , 480 1,440 2,164
Berwick Advertiser ••• ... 3,000 2,000 4,000

Berwick Warder ... .•• ... 5,000 ... 5,000
Bath Post ... ... 5,000 2,500 3,000
Bath Figaro .. ... ••• ••• ••• 5,000
Bengal Hurkaru Extra ... ... 2,000 1,000
Bradford Observer ••• 5,000 ... 3,000
Chester Courant ..• ... ... 4,000 4,000 6,000
Cambridge Chronicle ... ... 5,000 6,500 5,750
Ditto, at id. ... ... 2,850
Chelmsford Chronicle ... ... 5,000 22,000

Coventry Standard ... ... 3,000 ... 3,000
Cornwall Royal Gazette ... 4,1100 4,000 4,000
Cheltenham Chronicle ... ... 4 500 4,000 4 500
Coventry Herald ... .. 3,000 3,000 3,000
Canterbury Journal , ... 3,000 ... 6,000
Cheltenham Journal ... ... 5,000
Cumberland Packet ... 7,000 5,300
Chelthenham Looker-on ... 3,000 3,000 3,000
Cheltenam Free Press ... 4,600 4,000 4,000
Chester Gazette ... 5,000 ... 10,000
Carlisle Journal ... ... 8,000 6,000 8,000
Ditto, at 2,000
Chester Chronicle ... 8,000 8,000 8,000
Cheshire Reformer.. ... 4,000 4,000
Carlisle Patriot ... .. 6,000

Durham Chronicle... ... ... 3,500 6,000

Devonport Telegraph ... ... 4,000 7,000
Devonshire Chronicle ... ... 900 2,300 300
Dorset County Chronicle ... 6,000 6,000 11,000
Devonport Independent... ... 4,000 ••• 4,000
Derby Mercury ... 6,500 6.500
Dover Telegraph ... ... 2,500 2,000 2,000
Derbyshire Courier... ... ..• ..• 4,000 2,000
Doncaster Gazette ... 8,000 8,000 8,000
Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette 4,000 8 000
Dover Chronicle ... 1,000 1,000 1,000
Derby Reporter ... ... 4,500 ... 9,000
Doncaster Chronicle ... 3,000 3,000
Durham Advertiser... ... ... 5,000 5,000
Exeter and Plymouth Gazette 10,000 10,000 ]O,OOO
r):tto, id, „, „, 1,000
_

Essex Standard ... ... 2,400 4,800 4,800
Ditto, tltd. ... 1,200
Essex Herald ... ... 5,000 18,500
Essex, Herts, Sc Kent Mercury 4,000 8,000 4,000
Essex and Suffolk Times ... 4,000 2,000
Eastern Counties Herald ... 24,300 10,000 24,000
Falmouth Packet ... ... 4,000 1,000 4,000
Ditto. Id
Felix Farley's Bristol Journal 8,000 8,000 . 8,000
Ditto, Id 6,000
Falmouth Express and Colo-
nial Journal... ... ..• 1,000
Gloucester Journal... ... ... 13,400 3,700 9,700
Greenwich Gazette ... 3,000 4,000 3,000
Greenwich Patriot ... ... 1,500 1,900
Gateshead Observer ... 8,000 •.. 16,000
Ditto, id... ••• • 4,420
Gloucestershire Chronicle ... 10,000
Hereford Journal ... 10,650 3,200 9,900
Hampshire Chronicle ... 5,000 10,000 5,000
Hampshire Telegraph ... 28,000 ... 25,000
Herts Reformer ... ... 3,000 4,000 3,000
Huntingdon Gazette ... 9,000 11,500 9,000
Hereford Times

Hampshire Advertiser ... ... 12,000 12,000 6,000
Halifax Express ... 1,000 3,000 3,500
Hull Advertiser ... ... 21,000 ...
Hampshire Independent... ... 4,500 7,500 7,000

Hull Packet ... ... - ... 5,000
Hull Rockingham ... 4,000 8,000
Hertford County Press ••••
•••
••• 4,•40 5,000
-•
0 3,000 2,000
• Halifax Guardian ... 2,150 1,000 2,000
Harrogate Weekly Gazette• •••
••• ••• 400
Harrogate Advertiser .• .. 3,500 2,000
Hereford County Press ••• •
Hull Times • - • •••
2,000 2,500
••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 1,500
Ipswich Journal •••
Kentish Gazette ••• ::: 9,000 11,000 6,000
::: 2,000 4,500 6,267
Kent Herald ... 6,000 6,000 6,000
Kentish Observer ::: •••
-
Kendal Mercury ... :.... ::: 5,0-00 6,000
5,000
Kidderminster Messenger ... 4,000 4,000 7,000
Kentish Advertiser
Kent and Surrey Patriot ... . 2,100 1,100
Leeds ... 68,000825 18000 18,001000
Leeds Intelligencer
Leicester Journal ••• ••• ••• 5,000 11,200
Leicester Gazette
Liverpool Courier ... ••• ... 6,000 9,000 9,000
Leicestershire Mercury ... ... 2,000 8,000 4,500
Leamington Spa Courier ... 8,550 ... 4,000
Leicester Herald ••• ... ... 2,000 1,500 1,500
Lincoln Gazette •.• •.. ..• 4,000 4,000 7,000
Leamington Chronicle ... ..• ••• 2,000
Leicester Chronicle •.. ... 8,000 4;010
Lancaster Gazette... ..• ... 3,000 • 4,000
Lincolnshire Chronicle ... ... 8,000 8;0.00 8,000
Lincoln Standard ... ••• ••• 4,000
300
Ditto, id• ••• ••• •" ••• •••
3162:000000
Leeds Mercury ••• ••• ••• 27,000
4132,509001
Leeds Times ... ••• ... ... 12,000
24,0001121:000000
Liverpool Mail .•• ••• ••• 4.000 12,000
Liverpool Standard.- ••• ••• 7,000 8,000
Liverpool Mercury- - - 28,00032,000
Liverpool Telegraph •.• •••
48:000000 4,0008000
Liverpool Times ••• ••• ••• 4,000
Liverpool Chronicle ••• ••• 8,000
9,000 9,000
Liverpool Journal ••• ••• •••
•••
Liverpool Albion •... ... ... 13,000 ••• 10,000
Lancaster Guardian... ••• •••
•••
Leicestershire Telegraph ••• 3,000 3:0-00 4,500
Liverpool Advertiser .- ... 5,500 6,500 5,500
Lancashire Herald... ••• •••
••• 8,000 15,000
Ditto, id..• ...
4,500
..• ... ..• ••• 8,000
Monmouth Journal...
Merlin ... ••• 5,000 6,000
••• ••• 5,000 5,000 5,000
Maidstone
Maidstone Gazette... ••• ••• 6,000 9,000 6,000
Meyer's Mercantile Advertiser 4,000 4,000 4,000
Macclesfield Courier and Herald 7,000 5,000 7,000
Manchester Guardian ••• ... 40,000 50,000
Courier ••• ... 11,000 6,000 50'000
Manchester Times ••• ••• 10,000 13,000 20,000
'Manchester
16,600
Manchester And
- ... 6,000 6,000 7,500
Manchester and Salford Ad.
vertiser •.• ••• ••• ... 16,000 14,000 20,000
Monmouthshire Beacon... ..• 3,000 3
,000 2,000
Midland Counties Herald ••• ••• 10,000 20,000
Manchester Journal ••• ••• •••
4,000
Norfolk Chronicle ... ... ... 10,000 10,0-00 10,000
Ditto, id. ••• ••• ••• ••• 3,000 2,000
Northatnpton Mercury ... ... 8,000 10,000.
Nottingham and Newark Mer-
cury 8,000
6,000
North Devon Journal ••• ••• 7,000 ••• 2,500
Newcastle Journal •••
••• -. 17.500 15,000
Ditto, 0. ••• •••
•••
••• 3,000
Northampton Herald • • 2,000
Norwich Mercury ••• " **
9,000 6,000
Nottingham Review 10,000
•••
••••
16,000 12,000 10,000
North Devon Advertiser••• ..
8,000 8,000
North Derby Chronicle... •••
6,000 ... 4,000
Nottingham Journal •••
0 29,30012000 29,8006,000
North British Advertiser: 17. 36,00
Northern 5tar....... ... ... 44,000 2,400 90000
Newcastle Courant... ... ... 16,400 14,000 13,000
Newcastle Chronicle ... ... 14,000 14,000 14,000
Ditto, at id. .•• •••
••
Northern Liberator• • . •(; 4,000
; ; ••
10,00
Oxford Journal ••• 5,000
7,500 10 000 10,000
Oxford City & County-• •C-hro•n••• 6,000 6,000 3,000
Oxford Herald...
Plymouth Herald - •••
- 4,000 8,000 2,500
•
Plymouth and Devo•np•ort••Jou•r••• 4,500. 24,590909 4,000
Preston Pilot ...
Preston Chronicle •••••• ••••••• •••••• 111 3,000 3,200
Ditto, at •
zed.
5,000 10,000
••
Preston Observer
•••••• ::: 4,0005 6,000
Paisley Advertiser ... ... ... 2,500 1,700 4,000
ReadingSherborne Mercury ••• ••• ... 13,500 10,000 10,000
Mercury
- ... ... 6,000 6,000 6,000
Stamford
Eastreury ... ... ... 30,000 30,000 30,000
Star in the 3,600 4,000 4,800
Somerset Count Gazette • •••.: 3,180 2,400 2,400
Sussex
... ... 5,000 5,000 4,000
Sheffield Inderpttnerdeiit. ••• ••• 6,000 6,000 6,000
Staffordshire Advertiser... ... 15,000 15,000 22,500
Shrewsbury Chronicle ... ... 9,000 9,000 10,000
Staffordshire Examiner ... 6,000 ... 6,000
Sheffield Irisstd.
r•c•u-ry I.:. •••••• ...... 4,500 4,500
Sheffield
7,500 7,500 7,500
Ditto, ... 2,000
Suffolk Chronicle ::: ::: ::: 10;000 10,000 10,000
Sherborne_Mercury ••• ... 4,000 2,000 4,000
Salisbury and n Wiltshire Herald 3,000 3,000 3,000
Surrey Standard ••• ••• ••• 2,000 1,500 1,500
HeraldSunderland •
•• ••• 5,000 5,000 12,000
Sussex Agricultural Express... 6,000 8,000 6,000
Salisbury Journal ... ... ... 10,000 10,000 10,000
Shetlandj ournal 1,250 ••• 1,250
Sheffield Chronicle.- : l,OOO 2,000 2,500
Staffordshire Mercury ... ... 4,000 ... 4,000
Salopian Journal
••• gill it, WI ii• 15,000

July August. Scptem6er
Scarborough Herald ... ... 1,700 2,100 2,150
Stockport Advertiser ... ... 2,000 3,000 4,000
Sunderland Beacon ... • 5,000 5,000

Shrewsbury News ••• •••
Shrewsbury Reporter ... ... 9,000 3,500 5,000
Taunton Courier ... ... 2,000 2,000

Tyne Mercury ... ... 1,500 6,000
Ditto, at -Ad. ••• 1,000
Western Times ••• 10,500 16,000
Ditto, at Ad. ... 6,000
Wolverhainpton Chronicle ... 6,000 4,000 8,000
Worcestershire Guardian ... ... 5,000 3,000

Warwick Advertiser ... ... 10,000 5,000 5,000
West Kent Guardian ... ... 500 1,000 500
Western Luminary... ... ... 2 500 . ••• 2,500
Whitehaven Herald ... ... 2,500 2,500 2,500
West Riding Herald .. 3,000 3,000 3,000
We‘t Briton Advertiser. ... ... 12,000 18,000
Windsor and Eton Express ... 6,000 2,000
Wiltshire Independent ... ... 9,000 4,500 4,500
Worcester Herald ... ... 7,500 10,000 4,000
Wilts and Gloucestershire Stan.

dard ... 2,000 2,200
Worcester Journal ... ... 5,000 10,000 5,000
Ditto, at 4,000
W England C 6,000

.rest of ,nglan, ,onservative 2,000 2,000 a,,,
Wigan Gazette ... 2,000 2,500 3,000
Westmoreland Gazette ... ... 4,000 •.. 6,000
Worcestershire Chronicle ... 13,500 ... 10,000
'Yorkshire Gazette ... 14,000 11,500

Yorkshire Racing Calendar ... 600 ... 600
York Courant ... ... 14,500 ... 16,000
York Herald 17,000 ... 24,000
Yorkshireman 7,000 7,000 7,000

SCOTCH PAPERS.
FROM JULP Ist TO SEPTEMBER 30th.

July. August. September,
Aberdeen Herald ... 20,000 5,000
Aberdeen Journal ... ... 12,000 16,000
Aberdeen Constitutional ... 4,000 2,000 3,000
Ayr Advertiser 4,000 4,000 4,000
Ayr Observer. ... 3,000 3,010 2,250
Ayr Examiner ... 4,000 4,000 4,000
Arbroath Journal ... 1,500 1,500 1,500
Dumfries Times... 7,000 8,000 5,000
Dumfries Courier ... 4,000 8,000 8,000
Dumfries Herald... ... ... 3,000 3,000 3,000
Dundee Advertiser ... 6,000 7,500 6,000
Dundee Chronicle ... 2,000 2,000 4,000
Dundee Courier... ... ... 2,000 2,000 2,000
Edinburgh Courant ... 20,000 25,050 20,000
Edinburgh Mercury ... 9,000 9,000 9,000
Edinburgh Advertiser ... 12,000 12,000 12,000
Edinburgh Gazette ... 1,000 1,000
Edinburgh Journal ... ... 6,500 7,500 6,500
Edinburgh Chronicle... 9;900 2,506
Edinburgh Observer ... 8,000 3,000 10,000
Edinburgh Saturday Post... ... 4,000 5,000 4,000
Elgin Courant 3,000 3,000
Fife Herald ... ... 2,000 6,000 2,119
Fife Journal ... 5,000 2,000
Forres Gazette
Galloway Register ... .. 2,500 6,500
Glasgow Courier ... ... 16,000 10,000 10,000
Glasgow Journal ... ... 1,500 1,500 1,000
Glasgow Chronicle ... ... 5,000 5,000 5,000
Glasgow Herald ... 19,000 29,000 24,000
Glasgow Saturday Evening Post 4,000 ' 3,500 4,500
Glasgow Argus ... ... 9,000 9,000 9,000
Glasgow Constitutional ... ... 4,000 3,000 5,000
Greenock Advertiser 5,000 5,000 5,000
Haddington East Lothian Adver-
tiser ... ... ... ... ... ... 450
Inverness Courier ... 7,000 4,000 3,000
Inverness Herald ... ... 5,000 4,000 2,000
John -o'- Groat's Journal ... 3,000 3,000
Kelso Mail ... ...• ... 4,000 5,000 4,000

Kelso Chrmicle
Kilmarnoch Journal

4,000 4,000 4,000
3,000 2,000 1,000

Montrose Review
Montrose Standard

5,000 5,000 5,000
... 2,000 2,000

Perthshire Courier .. ... ... 3,000 ... 3,000
Perthshire Advertiser ... ... 2,000 2,0(10 4,000
Perthshire Constitutional... ... 5,000 ... 3,000
Perthshire Chronicle... ... ... 2,000 960 4,000
Scotsman ... ... ... ... ... 20,500 20,000 25,000
Scottish Jurist ... ... ... .. ... 480 252
Scottish Pilot ... ... ... .. 5,000 4,000 4,000

Scots Times

:3,000

'2,000 4,000

Scottish Guardian ... 6,000 11,000 6,000
Scotch Reformers' Gazette ... 8,000 10,000 8,000
Stirling Journal... ... ... 3,000 3,000 4,500
Stirling Observer ... ... 3,000 3,000 3,000

WELCH PAPERS.
FROM JULY Ist TO SEPTEMBER 30th.
July. August. September.
Cambrian ... ... 8,000 15,500
Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald 6,000
Crone] yr Oes 1,500 1,500 1,500
Merthyr Guardian ... ..• ... 5,000 2,000 2,000
North Wales Chronicle ... ... 2,000 ••• 4,000
Silurian ... ... 10,000 3,000
Welchman ... 14,000 500
2,000
CHARLES DUKE DONNE, Registrar.
Register of Warrants Office, Stamps and Tawas,
Oct. 20, 1838.

CORN LAWS.-EFFECTS ON THE

FARMERS.

One object of the Corn•laws is to give agriculturists
the monopoly of the home market. They do this because,
as the defenders of those laws say, it costs more to grow
corn here than in other countries. We believe that asser-

ion to be a false assertion ; we believe that it really costs
less to grow corn here, we mean the full and required
quantity for our whole population, than to bring it from
abroad ; but allowing that difference to pass, and adopting
the opinion of the advocates of the laws, it follows that the
intention and probably the effect of the Corn-laws, is to
keep the price of corn considerably higher here than in any
of the surroundinc, and neighbouring countries of Eu-
rope. The fact is undoubtedlya so. It is palpable too, that tho
price of cultivation here is considerably enhanced by the
Corn-laws. They increase rent, and increase in a variety
of modes, as we have shown, the expense of cultivation.
The Corn laws, then, both by enhancing the expense of
cultivation, and by excluding all foreign corn from our
markets, actually cause, as it is intended they should cause,
the price of corn here to be on the average much higher
than on the Continent. No exportaticn, therefore, can
take place, and of late such a thing as exporting corn is a
thing unheard of. The same laws which gave the farmers the
monopoly of the home market, then, exclude them from all
the other markets of the world.

We hope that the agriculturists will consider this ques-
tion, in which their own personal interests and the perma-
nent welfare of the empire are deeply concerned, with the
attention it merits. However well-intentioned we may ad-
mit the Legislature to have been towards them, it is so no-
torious that this body is ignorant of the effects which its
own laws may produce, that the farmers must never take
its will for the deed. They must look less to the promises
and intentions of the law-makers than the actual effects of
the laws. They must close their ears to idle and vain
declamation, and look carefully at the effects of ex-
cluding their produce from the foreign market, and
virtually prohibiting exportation by keeping the price of
corn here high above the price of all the markets of the
world.

We are sorry to be obliged, from the apparent forgetful-
ness of the farmers, to remind them of elementary facts,
but we do assure them that the seasons remain, as in past
times, liable to great variations ; that one year is very fruit-
ful, and another stricken almost with barrenness ; that the
same season is sometimes fruitful in England and sterile in
Poland, and favourable to one species of crop, while it is
destructive to another. Now one consequence of this well
known fact is, that in very fertile seasons, when the produce
is more than sufficient, the English farmer has no other
vent for his produce than our own markets, and down go
the prices as in 1835 to 395. Within the last three years
prices have varied a hundred per cent., and that is entirely
owing to the Corn-laws, which, by preventing importa-
tion and prohibiting exportation, deprive the farmers of
the benefit of an extended market.

Another elementary fact of which the farmers must be re-
minded is, that as food and population go together, the
supply and the demand must be nearly equal on an ave-
rage of years. Either corn must increase with the popu-
lation, or the population must keep down to the quan-
tity of corn. The supply and demand being equal, on
the average, whenever a very fertile season ensues, corn is
in excess, and down go the prices very much. On the
contrary, whenever the season is barren, the prices rise
very much ; and experience has proved, as population is
of slow growth, and can only be slowly starved, that a
very small excess in the supply above the demand, or in
the demand above the supply, causes prices to fall or rise
much more than in the ratio of the actual excess or defi-
ciency. The evils of such an excess or deficiency must be
great, in proportion as the market is narrowed. Thus the
Corn-laws cause greater variation in price than would ac-
tually occur from variations in the seasons, and make the
farmer sometimes sell the wheat that costs him .50s. for less
than 40s.
But the farmer, as we have several times stated in this
Journal, must sell. Michaelmas always finds him a debtor,
and always under an obligation to make large advances to
prepare for his next year's crop, Thus, by any excess in
the crop, which lowers prices, he is the greatest sufferer.
But such an excess is increased by the Corn-laws, and the
providential blessing of a good harvest, over which other
men rejoice, is to the farmer a curse and ruin. To the
money classes, whose great business is to buy when prices
are low, and sell when they are high, the fluctuations
caused by the Corn-laws narrowing the market are of a
great advantage. They watch these circumstances, and
they have in their hands the means of profiting by, them.
They buy one year at 405., and they sell the next or the
year after at 60s. or 70s. They are indeed at some ex-
pense in storing up the corn, and preserving it from the
year when it is deficient to the year when it is abun-
dant, and so endeavouting to equalise in this narrow spot
the effects of those fluctuations which diminish as the mar-
ket is extended. Their expense and their profit.thecort-
munity must pay, but it falls chiefly on the farmer, who
by the necessities of his condition 94 Om circuaistances