The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-05 00:00:00

HOLLAND.

ing mass—to defer, until the last moment, resorting
to the cereal produce,
.appears to be the only expecta-
tion. The struggle is merely to protract a miserable
existence amid suffering and destitution similar to
that which they have endured during the last three
years. Pestilence and famine will again perform
their deadly work on those who are unable to fly
from the fated land. The inevitable evils occasioned
by the mysterious visitation of PROVIDENCE would
require the cordial co-operation of all to afford even
the slightest chance of weathering the storm ; but
unfortunately that co-operation cannot be obtained.
A wide spread conspiracy bas been organized by the
occupiers throughout the southern and western pro-
vinces to carry off the entire crop, and to leave the
landlords and rate- collectors without any
means of recovering the large arrears of
rent and taxes now due and owing in respect
of the premieee. Those who have been here-
tofore regarded as solvent and improving tenants, in
whose honesty and integrity the most implicit confi-
dence might be reposed, are participating in the
movement, and preparing to seek other homes across
the Atlantic, abandoning landlords and labourers to
their fate. They feel that a total wreck has taken
place, all subordination and discipline is at an end,
and their conduct is that of wreckers, plundering a
stranded vessel, rather than of courageous and manly
minds, bearing up with fortitude and unflinching
resolution against a severe calamity. " Sauce
qui pent" appears to be the general cry,
and the mischief is quadrupled in consequence
of the confusion and panic accompanying the
disgraceful abandonment of their posts. In place of
an ordinary retreat, it is a total rout, a wild flight—
each fugitive snatching what he can from the
common stock, caring only for his own miserable
existence, and disgracefully deserting his colours in
the hour of emergency and danger.
There can he no hope for Ireland so long as a
course
iot
ins oo)nrecklessdivided
Supremeand iiesi
againstu tnhs
itselfoarnies
ty
cannott
ha t persisted in. We
" a
thouseand,,
_(or n
stand"—and
the "Errierald Isle" is unquestionably placed in that
melancholy category at this moment. Class is
arrayed against class in internecine strife ; landlord
and tenant, the owner and the occupier of the soil,
are mutually striving to ruin each other, and
both are succeeding to the utmost extent of their
wishes. Costs are heaped upon costs, which the de-
' faulting tenant cannot and will not pay,hed and and which
must ultimately fall upon the mpoveris -
solvent landowner. Half the produce of the land is
wasted and destroyed in the attempt to run away
with the remainder, and what is captured scarcely
suffices to pay bailiffs' fees, and the expenses of the
replevin that is almost invariably commenced ; and
if, after litigation is exhausted, the " distress " is
brought to the hammer, no bidders can be obtained,
a threatening multitude attend the sale, and the
worst features of the anti-tithe war are forcibly re-
called to the memories of the spectators.
We have repeatedly explained the real causes of
this fearful state of affairs. It is wholly ascribable to
the Law of Landlord and Tenant in the sister king-
dom, which has been well described by one
of the most eminent Judges of Ireland as a one-sided
code, in which the interests of the proprietors are
alone considered. The Irish are a keensighted and
intelligent people, not easily deceived or blindfolded.
They perceive the palpable injustice of the legislation
to which they have been subjected; they know that
they cannot obtain equitable decisions under the ex-
isting laws, and they accordingly combine together

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The Moniteur announces that M. Louis FREHAULT,
principal surgeon of the second class, at the Royal
Hospital, at Toulon, has been sentenced to one
month's imprisonment and to dismissal from the
service for having "on the invasion of the cholera
committed an unheard-of act of weakness in quitting
his lodging in the hospital:to withdraw to the country,
and leaving the service to subordinates."
The Assembly met in their bureaux on Wednes-
day to consider the credits demanded by the different
Ministers for the expenses of the army of Rome, which
gave rise to a discussion on the subject of
the PRESIDENT'S letter. The parti-pretre,
as might have been expected, expressed their
disapprobation of the PRESIDENT'S letter, which
Genteel D'llAterroon considered unconstitutional.
That MM. PISCATORY, BONNIER DE LEC LUSE,
VERGIN, and BENGNOT, should follow in the wake of
the General does not surprise us ; but we must con-
fess that we are surprised when we find the ci decant
esprit fort, M Timm, speaking after the following
fashion :—" That the expedition could have no
other object than to restore the POPE, and that if
the language of the President of the Council had not
been explicit, it could only have been understood in
that sense." He expressed his satisfaction at the
motu proprio of the Pore, and considered that the
concessions granted were perfectly suitable to the
Roman people ; and that the object of the expedition
being now fulfilled, the troops should be withdrawn.
Perhaps we ought rather to pity this unfortunate
gentleman than to blame him. Like CHARLES X-,
he bath done those things in his youth of which he
would fain blot out the memory. When the age is in
the wit is out, and your ci-decant young sinner is in
general the best material out of which to manufac-
ture your old bigot. Strange that M. THIERS
should in his old years become the very thing which,
in the case of CHARLES X., was the object of his
unmitigated contempt. M. BARocHE, who followed
5& Tua.e.uese was of a different opinion to that gentle
1112.11.-" fie (in. Maroche) -was of opinion that the
French troops should not leave until some guarantee
had been obtained for the future, and a snore ex-
tended amnesty obtained." MAI. Victor Lefranc,
Benoit Chumpz, Victor Hugo, De Casa Mancha, De
la Moskowa, Pascal Dupre, Churamaule, Laral;et,
and Charras, would vote the credits demanded on
condition that the Ministry followed the policy
pcinted out in the letter of the PRESIDENT.
The Committee named are M.M. Thuriot de la
Rozere, de Montalembert, Herbert Delisle, General
Oudinot, Bengnot, Jaudier, Thiers, Victor Hugo,
Chaper, De Langrene, De la Moskowa, de Casa Bianca,
General d'llautpool, Mole, and Broglie.
The most cordial understanding subsists between
the French and English Governments on the subject
of the Russo-Turkish question. The French Govern-
ment has declared its entire approval of the con-
duct of General Auricle, and on Tuesday Lord
NORMANBY submitted to M. TOCQUEVILLE the pro-
posed draft of a joint note to Russia and Austria,
which is couched in the most energetic and unsnia•
takable terms.
The unanimity of opinion prevailing on this subject
among English journalists has produced a marked
effect. The Journal des Debats says :
" The effect produced in England by the news of the
diplomatic events which have just taken place at Con-
stantinople has not been less ardent or profound than in
France. The English press was from the first moment
unanimous in stigmatising, as it deserved, the cruel exi-
gencies of the Czar. From the Morning Chronicle,
which is almost absolutist with respect to continental
policy, to the Radical Daily News ; from the Morning
Post, the constant defender of Russian policy, to The
Sun, the organ of the extreme Liberal party; all the
Conservative papers like the Times, and the Protectionist
Herald, or Ministerial, like the Globe, have pronounced
with an energy that does honour to the morality of public
opinion in England, against the implacable cruelty
which would seek gratification by intruding on a foreign
soil, and violating the sacred rights of hospitality—a
virtue practised by the most barbarous tribes of the
desert. All party questions have, as in France, d;sap-
prared before this one question of honour and
morality.'
The differences which have unfortunately arisen
between the French Republic and that of the United
States will not lead to any unpleasant consequences.
The mediation of England was offered, and at once
accepted by the PRESIDENT of the French Republic,
and there can be little doubt but that it will be also
accepted by the PRESIDENT of the United States. It
is said that the embassy to the United States will be
offered to M. MARRAST. The PRESIDENT of the Re-
public is much pleased with the manner in which
Colonel CHARRAS, M. DUrRAT, and other members
of the MARRAST party, defended his letter to M.
EDGAR NET, against the attacks of the parti-pretre
in the bureaux of the Assembly.
Dispatches have been received from M. GUSTAVE
DE BEAUMONT, the French Envoy to Vienna, which
are of a very unsatisfactory character. It would appear
that, having crushed liberty in Hungary and Italy,
Russia and Austria meditate an attack on the French
Republic.
The Bill for the completion of the Louvre has passed.
PARIS BOURSE.—THURSDAY, OCT. 4.
The market has been somewhat firmer to-day, and
prices are rather higher, with but a moderate share of
business doing, Threes for the account closing at
55f. 60c.; and Fives at 881. 15c. The market closed as
follows :—Threes, for cash, 55f. 55c.; for account, 55f.
60c.; Fives, for cash, 881. 10c.; for account, 88f. 15c.;
Bank of France Shares, 2,315 f.; Spanish and Neapolitan
not quoted.
RAILWAYS.—The Share Market has been also inani-
mate, but prices have not naaterially varied 4
. Orlea
Vierzonns
closed at 7401.; Havre, 25014 Avignon, 2151,
2951.; Bordeaux, 405 f.; Strasburg and Baste. 102 f. 50c.;
Nbrtltern, 4275. 50c.; ParisBsf. and Strasburg, 350%;
Nantes, 288 f. 75c.; Dieppe, 1
BUSINESS DUNE 1! FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TUE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, OCT. 4.
Anglo Italian (late Italian and Austrian),:lh—Boulogne
ii
and Amiens, s%—East Indian, 3%—Northern of France,
dis.— Central of France (Orleans and Vierzon), 11%—Lux.
I embourg,l%.
,n•

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 29th ult. have arrived. The
contents are unimportant.
MADRID BoLsa, SEPT. 29.—The Three 'per Cents.
were done at 27 13 16 for cash; the Four per Cents. at
and the Five per Cents. at 11 for paper ; the Debt
without Interest at 3 1546; and the Coupons at 7.

PORTUGAL.
Intelligence has been received from Lisbon to the
29th ult. The body of CHARLES ALBERT was removed
with much ceremony, from .the Cathedral of Oporto:
and Vaced on board a Sardinian war steamer, which
immediately sailed for Genoa.

CABINET COUNCIL DAY) —A Cabinet Coun•
cil was held at the Foreign-office this afternoon, at
one o'clock. There were present the Marquis of
Lansdowne, Lord John Russell, Viscount Palmerston,
Earl Grey, Sir George Grey, Mr. Labouchere, the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Carlisle
and Sir Francis T. Baring. The Ministers were in
deliberation when we went to press. Several of the
Ministers and great Officers of State leave town by
special train to-morrow, to attend the Privy Council
at Osborne._

THE HAGUE, OCT. 3. THE NETHERLANDS
COINAGE.—In consequence of the law adopted by the
Legislative Chambers of the Netherlands for the
calling in of the gold five and ten florin pieces,
and their exchange for paper money, which shall
he subsequently exchanged for silver coin, the
Belgian Chambers have determined that this
measure, having been adopted in anticipation of
an immense depreciation in gold, at a period
more or less remote, the Chambers decide to engage
the Minister of Finance to decree that, at an epoch
coincident with that which the said coin is to be
exchanged in Holland, it shall also cease to have
legal circulation in Belgium. The Chambers, also,
decided to suggest to the Minister whether, on the
same ground, it would not be prudent to suspend
every ulterior issue of national gold coin.

TURKEY.
The Cologne Gazette has the following from
Vienna of the 27th ult. :—" 'We have received intel-
ligence from Constantinople that KossuTa and his
companions have been embarked in English vessels
at Constantinople. The Ambassadors of Austria
and Russia, as also Prince RADziviLL, have left
Constantinople. Previous to doing so they declared
that a Russian fleet was prepared to enter
the Bosphorus. The Ambassadors of England and
France have acted in accord in the affair. Sir STRAT-
FORD CANNING has given orders to the English
Admiral to proceed with his fleet to the Dardanelles,
and to the Governor of Malta to send him all the ves-
sels of war that he can dispose of."
Letters from Naples of the 28th state that intelli-
gence had been received there that the Hungarian
refugees had escaped from Widdin, and had embarked
on board a Greek vessel.