The Sun.
London, England, 1838-12-26 00:00:00

UPPER CANADA.

(From the Sandwich Gazette of Nov. 27.)
Up to this date nothing of much importance has tran-
spired ; but the inhabitants all along shore, from Amherst-
burg to Windsor, were kept on the qui vivo every night of
last week, in consequence of threatened invasions of our soil
by a large number of brigands, who were, and still are,
congregated somewhere among the islands of the lake, or on
the Yankee frontier.

UNITED STATES.
SERIOUS RAILROAD ACCIDENT.--A very serious acci-
dent, involving the loss of two lives and very serious injury
to three persons, occurred on Wednesday morning on the
Philadelphia Railroad, in consequence of employing an
extra locomotive for the conveyance of the President's Mes-
sage, which rendered it necessary to send an engine to
Havre de Grace on Wednesday morning. The engineer,
through some neglect or misunderstanding, started before the
timeappointed, and had proceeded within half a mile of Stem-
ner's Run, when the Philadelphia train approached, and,
owing to a dense fog, neither of the engineers discovered the
danger until too late. The consequence was, that the two
locomotives came together with great violence, and in an
instant both engines, with all the cars attached to them,
were thrown into a confused heap of ruins. Mr. Edward
Ford, the engineer of the train from Philadelphia, and 0, 1
fireman on the train going out, were instantly killed. The
other engineer and several firemen leaped from the ;cars
previous to the collision, and thereby saved their lives,
though we learn they are all, more or less, injured,
(From the New Orleans Bee, Nor, 28.)
TERRIBLE STEAM-BOAT DISASTVA,--.The steamer
Tiber, which arrived this morning from Louisville, reports
that she passed the wreck of the steam-boat General
Brown, at St. Helena, where the latter had collapsed a flue.
The captain, pilot, one of the engineers, and thirty othe
persons on board the General Brown, lost their lives by
the calamity.
The following comprises the list of killed, as far as was
ascertained when the Tiber passed
Killed—The captain and several of the crew, and the
following passengers :—Messrs. C. Libley, D. L. Davis,
'N. A. Miller, George, Dr. Price, H. M. Blanchard,
E. Hubbard,— Johnson, J. K. Uarthwaite, T. D. Levey,
T. D. Lewis, Keane, twd one other, name unknown.
The Tiber also reports the steamer Cumanche to be
sunk below Salt River, and the Onark hard aground at
Cumberland Island.

INDIAN TROLIIILES IN TEXAS.—A letter was received at
Houston tho 17th November, dated San Antonio the 14th,
which reports the alarming intelligence that the Cumanche
Indians were gathering in large bodies in that neighbour-
hood.

•
REPORT FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY.
The Globe of Wednesday night contains the report of
the Secretary of the Treasury. It occupies nine columns
of that paper. The Globe says, "It will be found one of
the ablest papers emanating from that department. It is
replete with fact and information, and presents new and
strong views having a bearing an the great financial ques-
tion, which we trust will he carefully considered?'
Subjoined is a condensed view of the receipts and means,
as well as expenditure for 1838, as ascertained and estima-
ted ; also the funds not available in that year :

Receipts or means
Expenditure
75,294,206, 01
Unavailable funds in 1838
32,101,664 27

-.
-
Fran balance on the 31st of December, 1838,
being
34,866,927 33
Deduct total, unavailable as above ;32,101,644 97

----
Available balance remaining

INDIAN ATROCITIES.

(From the Wisconsin Democrat, Nov. 13.)
A horrid occurrence took place, after the payment of
the Menomonees, on the payment-ground, on the Grand
Chute, on the morning of Sunday last, between two and
three o'clock, the particulars of which, as we have heard
them, are as follows :—A drunken Indian, with the inten-
tion of killing his brother, against whom he bad some
grudge, went to the wigwam where the brother was sleep-
ing, with a knife in each hand, " doubly armed," for the
purpose of carrying his fiendish design into execution. He
was observed, on his entrance into the wigwam, by a squaw,
who perceiving " evil intent" on the part of the intruder,
jumped up, and going behind him, caught him around the
arms. Tho noise awoke the sleeping brother, who, warned
of his danger, made his escape.
The squaw then released her hold, when the Indian, frus-
trated in his purpose with regard to his relative, turned upon
her and stabbed her threo successive times in the breast. She
died instantly. Upon this the murderer left the wigwam
but had proceeded not more than a step or two, when be
met a sister of the murdered, who, baying been out, was re-
turning to the lodge. Her he immediately attacked, and
also killed. The next one he met was his wise, near his
own wigwam, whitherhe was returning. lie made several
thrusts at her with his knife, but, she escaped, though
wounded severely. H.e,then, catered his lodge and seated
himself, brandishing hts Knives, and bidding dfiance to two
or three whites, who, attracted to the scene of outrage,
were attempting to take him prisoner, which they finally
succeeded in doing, but net until they had torn down a
wigwam, and felledhim to the earth by a blow from his
club. He was then bound hand and foot, and taken to the
United States sub-Indian (went, Colonel Boyd, who gave
orders that he should be strictlyb guarded until daylight.
The band to which the Indian belonged, bowever,kaying
by time been awakened and made aware Of: title atrocities

committed, immediately proceeded, much exasperated, to
the tent of the agent, and demanded the murderer. Their
demand was at first refused, and the Indians, who kept
pressing around, with the evident intention, if necessary, of
forcibly, attaining their object, were for some time kept at
bay by the few whites present, until, seeing that further
resistance would be worse than useless, the agent or-
dered the prisoner to be given up, but upon condition that
he should be taken away before being killed, as he knew
it was their intention to kill him. No sooner, however,
was the order given that he should be given up, than the
Indians rushed upon him with their knives, and dispatched
him before the eyes of the agent. His body was then
thrown upon a fire which was burning before the tent, but
before being much burned was removed by some half-breeds
who succeeded in getting possession of it.
Thus ended, for the time at least, this dreadful tragedy.
It is thought that the friends of the summarily punished
murderer, as well as the relatives of his victims, may feel
themselves called upon still further to avenge upon each
other what they conceive to be their natural injury ; and
hence that the spilling of more blood will be the conse-
quence. The Indian law, which is " a life for a life," de-
mands another victim as an atonement for the murderer of
the two squaws, and that victim will be selected from the
surviving relatives of the murderer.

MURDER AND SDICIDE.—The•
three Menomonee In-
dians, Pishish, Pe ke-kem, and John Pero, confined in
the county gaol at Depere, on suspicion of murdering
S. Wilcox, at the Grand Chute, in July last, are all
dead ; the first having been murdered by the last two,
and the last two having committed suicide. The mur-
der of Pishish was committed on the night of Thurs-
day last by Pe-ke-kem and Pero, who, it-. confession,
stated to the jury of inquest, through an interpre-
ter, that in the night they were cold, and could
not sleep—that they got into conversation about the
murder of Sho min (the Indian murdered at the payment),
and of the murder of the white man (S. Wilcox) at the
Grand Chute. Pishish told them that they would both be
hung, and he would be set at liberty ; that it was their
fault he was in gaol. They (Pero and Pe-ke-kem) then,
concluded to kill him, determined that he should die as well
as they. Accordingly (as in this situation the body was
found), they cut his throat from ear to ear, and ripped him
open on the right side. Verdict of the jury, " That Pishien
came to his death by the hands of the said Pero and Pe-
ke-kem." On Sunday last the coroner was again called to
hold an inquest over the bodies of the two last-named
Indians, who were found dead in their cells in the morning
by the gaoler, having hanged themselves. Pero was found.
suspended by a strip from his blanket, which he had torn
off and twisted for the purpose, from a grate in the door of
his cell, about three feet from the floor. Pe-ke-ketn hanged himself with his belt, which he fastened to a spike
in the side of his cell. Verdict of the jury, " That
the said Pero and Pe-ke-kem came to their deaths by horg-
ing themselves.

MONEY MARKET, &e., Dac. 6.
A further improvement took place in SteAs of most
descriptions to-day, when a fair business wa., transacted at
the advance—Delaware and Hudson west up per cent. ;
Vicksburg Bank, 4 ; Bank of Kei:Aucky, 1 ;American
Trust Company of Baltimore, ; Mohawk Railroad, ;
and Haarlem Railroad, 1 k ryer Cent. United States Bank
closed at 1194, the previous price, and Stonington Rail-
road at 24i.
The Bank of the United States are drawing on London
at 10 per cent. premium, and private bills are held per
cent. higher. On France the rate to-day ranged at 515 f.
to 5 I7if.
The Mobile banks had ceased checking on New York
on the 29th ult.
A correspondent of the Journal of Commerce has fur-
nished that paper with the following statement of the cotton
crop of 1838-9, in which he states full confidence may be
placed, as far as it is possible to arrive at any degree of ac-
curacy at so early a period of the season. The state of
Louisiana, according to the communication referred to, will
have a considerable excess, while Mississipi may poulbly be
10,000 bales short of the growth of last seasc,n,-but that
even is doubtful. North Alabama and Middle Tennessee
fully one-fourth short of last season. Western district, a
good crop, equal to last year. Florida, a considerable ex
cess, South Alabama, less than 280,000 bales.
Georgia and South Carolina decidedly short of last year's
growth, and will T:ot exceed .53,000 bales. North Carolina
and Virginia aLout 45,000 bales.
(From the Commercial Advertiser.)
FROM SOUTH AMERICA.
Extract from a letter dated Guayaquil, August 21
" Political affairs in Peru have a very distressing aspect.
By a vessel yesterday from Payta, we learn that the Chilian
expedition had taken Callao, sunk the Peruvian corvette
Socobaya, and captured the frigate Congress. When Or-
begoso effected the revolution of the 28th of July, the
Bolivian troops and two battalions of the Peruvians re-
mained firm to the Protector, and marcher!. off from Lima,
leaving Orbegoso to battle the watch with the Chilians.
Lima is in a dreadful state—business entirely suspended,
and the custom-house closed. The American squadron,
Commodore Ballard, was at Chili on the 15th. We are all
quiet here, thanks to the prudence of President Rocafuerte
in keeping clear of the quarrel between Chili and Peru.

_________-.
MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS FOR THE
CITY OF LONDON.

ALDERSGATE WARD.
On Monday the contest in this ward terminated, and the
following gentlemen were chosen as the representatives in
the Common Council :
Mr. Wood
Mr. Godson
........... 110
120 *Mr. Burton
.......... 105
Mr. Norris ~ 112 I *Mr. Dia Jersey
....
Mr. Rolls
.....
The last gentleman was the unsuccessful candit'Aate. 91
Those marked thus * are the new candidate-,
After a stormy discussion between the Refrirmers of Cor-
porate abuses and the protectors of them, thanks were given
to the worthy Alderman, and the meeting separated.
WARD OF CORDWAINERS.
CLoSE OF THE POLL.—On Monday afternoon at four
o'clock the election t'.•rminated.
M.. THOMAS Wool), alderman of the ward, and sheriff of Middlesex, declared the state of the poll in the vestry-
room of Bow Church,as follows :
Heath, Deputy
Williams 5B I Joyce ..................... 47
Culverwell 43 Jones ..................... 27
Croucher
Loa

LANGBOURN WARD. ,
On Monday afternoon, at three o'clock, the poll for the
election of representatives for the ward of Langbourn in
Common Council finally closed, when Sir :.`aIN KEY, Al-
derman of the ward, declared the numbers as follows n. :—
Snellin 85'86 uHanswwinell.
g
Collinso
71
69
Dixon B5l Carter
Frodsham B4l*H.oward.
••• 47
Adamson
Stubbing . B3 *Nicholson 29
78'*Gude..
Morrison
Morrison 71 • Hall .
--

........................ ('j) New candidates.
26
POLL FOR WARD BEADLE.
Jenkins (new candidate) .. 84 I Draper .....................
Mr. NrcHoLsoN called attention to a
question that wa 72 s
of vital importance, inasmuch as it was
an oppression on
the working and middling classes of the community, and
upon which he thought the constituency of the ward
would like to have an opinion : he meant the present
alarming price of bread.--( Hear.) Bread was now nearly
at the price of Is. per loaf, and some alteration in ti
Corn-laws was absolutely necessary.—( Hear, hear.) An
Act had passed the Legislature last Session, allowing the
introduction of foreign fruits and luxuries for the table from
all parts of the world, upon which a nominal duty o
5 per cent. was imposed ; but which in reality did not
ex-
f
ceed 2 per cent.—( Hear, hear.) Thus, my Lord Mel-
bourne could eat his delicious grapes at 4d. per lb.,
whilst the starving Spital-fields weavers procured their
hard-earned bread at 10d. per loaf.—(Hear, hear.) He
thought that in this enlightened city a stir ought to be
made in behalf of the destitute poor, and be believed if
the Common Council, headed by the Lord Mayor and
Aldermen, were to wait upon the Legislature in a body
with a petition from the City of London, it wouli have a
powerful influence in obtaining the abolition of that ob-
noxious system. lie should be glad to find that some
member of their ward would get up at the first meeting
of the Common Council and more a resolution to that
effect.—(Loud cheers.)
l other Gentlemen bar.
several Mr. Deputy CARTER and
ing spoken, the wardwote adjourned.

It is said that a paragraph from the Sheffield Iris
contains several incorrect statements in reference to certain
at Todmorton, on Monday the 10th instant-
it is said, are, that Sir Frederick Roe and Mr.
proceedings ce
facts,
Maule visited the place, by desire of Government, to in-
quire into the recent disturbances, and that the Magis-
trates of the district and Mr. Power, the assistant Commis-
sioner, attended on the 10th inst., to afford them informa-
tion and assistance. Suspicion having fallen upon two of
Mr. Fielden's workmen, as having been concerned in the
late riots, the constables demanded admission to one of the*
factories for the purpose of apprehending them for exami-
nation before the Magistrates. The men who were wanted
were known to be there ; but Mr. John Fielden is said to
have refused to, allow his mill to be entered for that pur-
pose, unless. by force. The infantry quartered in the town
were then ordered out, and drawn up in front of the factory,
when the constables entered and apprehended, the men.
It is not true that the guardians have any of tijem resigned
since the late disturbances, but the meeting% continue to be
held as usual.

k

I

I

I

,

•

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

To say that any one of the industrius classes has an in-
terest in the present Corn-laws, is to state a gross fallacy.
The common mode of dividing the country into landed
and commercial interests, is palpably incorrect. The in-
terest of all is the same. The manufacturers of food have
the same interest that the manufacturers of everything else
have—to produce as cheaply as possible. The sum paid
to the owners of the soil for permission to cultivate it,
enables a certain class of men to live in idleness, and so
long as this class does not avail itself of its power in the
Legislature to force up the price of agricultural produce,
with a view to add to rent, no one will grudge them this
source of income. But this idle class is quite distinct from
the productive agriculturists, who have the same interest
with all the other productive classes. Where tenants
occupy lands on lease, subject to rents calculated
on monopoly prices, they have, no doubt, to a
certain extent, the same interest as their land-
lords during the currency of their leases ; but the protection
of the Corn-laws, as they find to their cost, is often' falla-
cious. The landlord will exact his rent calculated on mo-
nopoly prices, so long as the tenant possesses anything; but
the tenant cannot always obtain the price necessary to en-
able him to pay the rent. The cultivation of land must not
be suffered to be longer a gambling occupation for the be-
efitof landowners ; but all classes of producers must be
-eleased from all restrictions enhancing the costs of produc-
tion. The productive classes - have but one enemy—the
Squirearchy. That enemy must be combated, and we
forsee that the time has at length come when the monopo-
lists may be effectually combated. The amount of pro-
perty embarked in the various pursuits of industry in this
country is enormous. When people talk of a stake in the
country, we will ask, what is the stake possessed
by the Aristocracy, compared with that of the
various classes of manufacturers ? On the sup-
position that, in the House of Lords, one
Peer with another are the possessors of 8,0001. a-year, that
would not amount two millions and a half a-year. It would
not surprise us if the incomes of the gentlemen present in
the Chamber of Commerce at Manchester on Thursday
last equalled that sum. Are these great interests through-
out the country, then, to be exposed to ruin because one
Aristocrat has so involved himself that a slight deduction
from his rents would transfer his whole estate to the mort-
gagee, and another is so tied up with settlements that any
change in the nominal amount of rent would irretrievably
embarass him ? This is a question perfectly distinct from that
of party. We support Ministers in opposition to the Tories,
not because we approve of the conduct of Ministers in every-
thing, but because we make allowance for the difficulties
in which they are placed ; and because we conceive it
would be most detrimental to the country to allow their
places to be occupied by thine who have been the great
obstacles in the way of their doing more good. But
we are not the slavish supporters of Ministers. We ad-
vocate the repeal of the Corn-laws, not because we expect
them to propose such a repeal, but because a paramount
interest demands it—the interest of the nation. Minis-
ters are but men, and as lords of the soil their sympathies
are with the aristocracy, and not with the nation. But as
prudent• men, who can read the signs of the times, the
demonstrations of the industrious classes throughout the
country will not be lost on them. What we propose, is,
that between this and the meeting of Parliament, not a
day be lost in creating such an agitation as may speak to
the prudence of the aristocracy, when Ministers must be
forced to propose a repeal of the Corn-laws, and may hope
to carry it. Let us remember the proverb constantly in
the mouths of those whet effected the July Revolution—
" Aide toi et Dieu t'aidera." Let us put our shoulders
to the wheel. We are prepared, as during the Reform
Bill, to hear a deal of swaggering about scorning
to be driven, and so forth. All Government
must give way to general opinion suitably directed.
But why should we assume that the landown-
ers will be insensible to the arguments about
to be aged from all quarters ? We do not believe that
in taxing Ole rest of the community, they were aware of the
whole extent of the mischief they were inflicting on the
country. They were selfish and avaricious ; but avarice
and selfishness are all's] short-sighted. Intent only on
filling their own pockets, they looked not further. When
they learn from the manufacturee3 that matters have now
reached a point when capital must quit our shores for pro-
fitable employment else where, if means be not adopted of
putting the English and foreign manufacturer on a level,
they must be somewhat moved by such an irresistible ar-
gument. We cannot expect a capitalist to contiue to em-
bark money on a hazardous enterprise—to subject him-
self to constant struggles with combinations—while the
foreign manufacturer is realising profits three or
four times greater than his own ; and it is one of
the alarming signs of the times that English ma-
nufacturers are carrying their capital and skill to
other countries. We every day hear of manu-
facturers who have left or are preparing to leave England.
The newspapers, too, from all parts of the empire are filled
with these disheartening accounts. The Northern Whig,
of Belfast, for instance, quotes from a recent number of Le
Commerce, the arrangements in progress in Belgium for the
establishment of linen yarn by machinery. Among the
Societe: formed—
" The first is at Ghent. It is called the Societe de la
Lys,' for the spinning of flax, hemp, and tow. The capital
amounts to five millions of francs. The superin-
tendent of the spinning will, prohably, be an Englishman.
The management will be confined to five Directors and five
Commissioners, almost all cotton-manufacturers of this city,
" The large establishments, built by the' Societe de la
Lys,' are fire-proof; all the machinery has been constructed
after tie best English models, by the Plicenix Company.
About next July ten thousand spindles will be at work ;
and, progressively, the development of this magnificent en-
terprise will amount to twenty-five thousand spindles, driven
by two steam-engines of 50-horse power each, made by the
brothers Hak, ilartford. The extent of this establishment
(eight hectares), and its advantageous situation, proclaim it
at once the model manufactory of the country.
" The second is also at Ghent, under the name of the
' Societe Linicre Gantoise,' for the spinning of flax and
tow ; the capital is three millions of francs, and it is under
the management of M. J. Voortman. The directory, is
composed of three Directors and three Commissioners,
cotton-spinners and capitalists. This society will set to
work next April, in order that, towards the end of No-
vember; 1839, 10,000 spindles may be at work, producing
the numbers twenty to eighty. The first machines were
brought from England, the remainder have been constructed
at Ghent.
" The third, the Societe Leonard,' is formed at Liege,
under the patronage of the Belgian Bank. The capital is
two millions of francs. The management is composed of
three Directors and five Commissioners. Mr. John Coke-
xill is one of the administration, and he is entrusted with the
construction of the machinery, after the models which he
now has at Seraing. The extent of this manufacture
may be calculated at 10,000 spindles, driven by a steam
engine of eighty-horse power, made at the foundry of
Seraing. Some frames are already at work, but it is not
thought that this establishment will be definitely organized
before next June.
" The seat of the fourth society, for the spinning of flax,
is not yet known. The prinCipal director is M. Sauvage,
formerly Governor of the province of Liege, and the capital
is about two millions.
" The fifth society has a capital of about two millions of
francs, and will -be situated in the environs of Brussels.
This society had resolved, at first, to construct its own
machinery in its own workshops, but it has given up this in-
tention ; and Messrs. Fairbairn, the celebrated machine-
makers, of Leeds, who are now actually forming an estab-
lishment at Malines, have been emplo ed tos 't
There are also two additional flax and towY pinnitiepeychier.
manu-
factories in Belgium*, one situated near Waterloo,s.dl
at Tourney, presenting a total of 1
have also erected a stearn-en_gine of thirty-horse yO.
hseprisne
power.
hey
e Such is the state of Belgium with regard to linen
manufactures, and we have every reason to hope that, at
no distant period, we shall be able to compete successfully
with the English market."
The Northern Whig, after copying this notice observes:
" We are in the habit of flattering ourselves,i these
ntese
in
countries, that we stand above all fear of competition
many branches of manufactures, and in reference to none,
we believe, was more security felt than in that which is
referred to in the above article. We have capital, skill,
industry, and experience beyond what any of the continental
however, to have overlooked
states can boast of. We seem,
the material consideration that we have been labouring with
might and main to force competition. We refuse to take
the products of other countries upon reasonable terms, and
we madly imagine that they must continue to purchase con-
tentedly from us. Nothing more absurd, nothing more im-
politic, could be dreamt of. Manufactures are bound to no
soil. They are the children of freedom : they flourish most
where they have free course, and where a healthy, because
a free, competition is permitted. What is it to the manu-
facturer whether he sets his mighty and untiring drudge,
the steam engine, to toil and pant in the islands or on the
continent ? Wherever he can get the raw material and
labour cheapest, and a free at ready market for his
products, there is his home. Where the Corn-law Lord
intrudes to shake the sceptre of starvation over the working
classes, and where protections and prohibitions—vile emana-
. tions of selfish minds—press, upon the natural tendencies
of enterprise and ingenuity, there are manufactures in an
ungenial soil. We have had, in England, more real freedom,
political and otherwise, than in almost any other country ;
and, for that reason, our merchants and manufacturers are
pre-edfinent. But it would seem as if our rulers had re-
solved to change all this; and the article which we have
just quoted may satisfy them that their labours are produc-
ing their natural consequences, since peoplehave been found

wise enough to follow their own interests. We see that
English machinery, and English mechanics and artisans
are ready to do the work of our rivals. We rejoice that
such is the case. If we shut our eyes to our own interests
it is our earnest prayer, that trade, one of the mighty
humanizers of mankind, as well as a proud and honoured
nurse of Fberty, may rear her temple in every land where
she may find fitting votaries."
We cannot so readily as our Belfast Contemporary re-
concile ourselves to any results injurous to our country.
This is our home—the land in which we first drew breath
—with which all our fondest associations are connected ;
and as we rejoice in its greatness and prosperity, its humi-
liation and its decay, would to us be a source of grief and
pain. This is our Sparta. But to preserve England
great and glorious—to cause her to be respected as she has
hitherto been—we must rescue her from the danger which
now threatens her industry. "We have," as the Belfast
Journalist truly observes, " been labouriug with might and
main to force competition." Let us retrace our steps be-
fore it be too late.—Morning Chronicle.
We stated, yesterday, that the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce had demanded a total and unqualified repeal of
the existing Corn-laws—nay, had proceeded so far as to al.
lege, that the existence of our foreign trade depends, note,
on depriving agricultural industry of protection in every
shape. The speculators engaged in certain branches of our
foreign trade have, in other words, proclaimed war to the
knife against the farmers and landowners of Great Britain;
—and are coolly preparing to require at the hands of the
Legislature, that English agriculture may be proscribed—
and that all the trades an useful arts which depend on
native agriculture may be condemned to extinction--in
order that a class of men, whose profits depend on success
in underselling foreign manufacturers in foreign markets, may
be enabled to conducttheir operations on terms satisfactory to
themselves. As an inducement to the Legislature to yield to
these modest demands, the more forward of the Anti-Corn-
law agitators are never weary of proclaiming that their ma-
nufacture is not indigenous to Britain—and to this pleasing
intimation, they are in the habit of adding a threat to the
effect, that if their claims be not conceded, they will with-
draw themselves and their manufacture to other countries.
On these statements, we would merely observe, that if the
cotton manufacture of England be (as its cultivators pro-
claim), the result of accidental and fluctuating superiority
in the command of certain mechanical appliances, no folly
can be imagined more intense than that which should sacrifice
to a branch of trade so precarious in its character, the pro-
sperity of all those industrial pursuits which are insepara-
bly connected with the skilful cultivation of the soil of
England, and in which, so long as our rulers retain the
slightest portion of wisdom, we have nothing to fear from
the influence of accident, or of that spirit of competition,
which seems now to affright from their propriety all the
speculators engaged most deeply in our foreign trade. As
to the threat, so freely employed by these gentlemen, that
they are prepared, in the event of their demands being re-
fused, to withdraw their capital to other countries—that
threat, we should observe, supplies a very strong reason,
why their preposterous pretensisns should be resisted to the
uttermost. The duty of every wise Legislature is to pro-
vide for the well-being of the mass of the people, whose
well-being is inseparable from the well-being of the country,
and the prosperity of its abiding institutions. A Legisla-
ture which should, on the contrary, pander to the avarice,
or to the caprice of a body of speculators, who boast that
" the whole world is their country"—and the duration of
whose connection with the land of their birth is avowedly,
a question of per tentage :—a Legislature, we repeat,
which should sacrifice the agriculture and native industry
of England to such a body of men would incur all the
guilt which may attach to the foulest possible dereliction of
duty. The members of the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce, proclaim, that they are no longer able to com-
pete, in certain departments of productive industry with
foreigners. The fact may be so ; but does it fairly or
honestly follow from the existence of any conceivable in-
ability on the part of our manufacturers for the foreign
markets to undersell their rivals, that the agriculture of
England ought to be sacrificed to foreign agriculture—and
that the industrious classes of England in every depart-
ment ought to be crushed beneath that vast accession of
power which a repeal of the corn laws would secure to the
monied classes in this country ? Let it be recollected, that
if our foreign trade is no longer so profitable as it has been,
still our foreign trade, with all its contingent risks, was
voluntarily chosen by the speculators engaged in it, as the
field of their operations ! The agriculturists did not compel
these speculators to embark their capital in foreign trade ;
why then should these speculators be sanctioned in their
grossly unjust attempt to throw upon the agricUltural classes
the consequences of their ill-success in their own freely-
chosen sphere cf er.terprise? Some of the querulous ora-
tors in the Manchester Chamber of Commerce adverted to
the large capitals at their disposal ! These capitals they
have amassed in this branch of trade, which they state to
be now no longer so productive as they could desire ; yet
they have been content to keep possession of these capitals
instead of handing them over to the farmers and land-
owners, whom they modestly desire to render responsible
for the diminution of their profits. It seems, in other
words, to be in accordance with the ethical system which
finds favour in the eyes of the members of the Manchester
Chamber of Commerce, that speculators in foreign trade
should pocket all the gains attendant on their pursuits—but
that they should throw the risks and losses on farmers and
landowners, and on the body of the industrious classes
amongst their countrymen ! We shall, to-morrow, exhibit
a few of the absurdities on the subject of the Corn-laws,
which the Manchester orators contrived to muster in for-
mal array,---Morniny Herald.
It was annnounced by the Government press on Monday,
that what the Manchester people had to do with respect to
the repeal of the Corn-laws, was to " raise a wind capable
of moving the Cabinet." Taking into account, firstly, the
reputation of Lancashire for witches ; and, secondly the
reputation of witches for raising a wind, we own that we
held this to be a more appropriate and logical observation
than we generally meet with in the Government papers.
But it would seem from the strenuous efforts which certain
Journalists have been making.since Monday—Journalists
who certainly are not either witches or conjurors—that
they have changed their opinion ; that they think the ne-
cessary breeze may be raised in London ; and that they
are the very persons to raise it. In this opinion
we see no grounds, traditional, trigonometrical, or
otherwise, to concur, We must not omit, however, to con-
gratulate Lord Melbourne upon the high position which he
appears to hold in the respect and estimation of these
Journalists who support his Government, and that view of
the Corn-laws which he does not support. s'All we have
to do," say they, " is to compel him.
yield more readily than the Minister. The
then nobody still
The philosophy of
the Chronicle is peculiarly captivating on this head :
" Ministers are so much bound up with the Aristocracy
that it would be [sadness to expect from them any cffiwt
which they are not compelled to make. Lord Melbourne
fairly told the people that it depended onlthemselves whether
there should be a change in the Corn-laws. But it required
neither Lord Melbourne, nor a ghost, to tell us this. It is

obvious that Ministers can only carry a repeal of the Corm
laws by the people demonstrating to the landowners that ii

must be carried."

The idea of Ministers making an ejbrt to do that which
it seems they must be compelled to do, and of carrying that
which it seems must be forced upon them, whether they
will or not, is abundantly illustrative of the kind of Cockney
witchery—by no means equal to the Lancashire--through
which the " wind" is to be " raised," that is to " move the

Cabinet." As to the view of the policy of the Corn-laws
entertained by the Prime Minister himself, that does not
appear to be worth a moment's consideration on the part
of his Journalists. So far as these laws are concerned, he
is to be held as occupying the same position with ra?
Bard to the manufacturers, as the drawer in a tap-room
does to the company therein assemhied, " What's your
will, gentlemen ?" is the only question which he is al-
lowed to entertain upon the subject. Although First
Minister of the Crown, he is not to direct his policy ac-
cording to what seems to himself best for the nation, but
according to that which the manufacturers think most for
their interest ! What an enviable and honourable position

for a First Minister of the Crown' How much must Lord
Melbourne feel himself obliged to his Journalists for exhibit-
ing him in this position before Europe ! But it is not
even the whole of the manufacturers whose " ordef•z" in
the political line Lord Viscount Melbourne is to " exe-
cute." Some manufacturers, and extensive ones too
(see the speech of Mr. Bailey the other day at
Sudbury), do not wish any alteration to be made

in the so that, in effect, it is not the
manufacturing body, but the Journals in the interest
of a certain portion of the manufacturers, at whose bidding
Lord Melbourne is to feel himself compelled to act, Sad
and ludicrous as the case may be, it does seem to come to
this, that his Lordship is to be driven by his own hacks,
who,,. with respect to the Corn-law question, have taken a
job iron), some greedy, and we doubt not needy, professors
of the art and mystery of transmuting American cotton
into British calico. The Journalists o the Government
have been so long dabbling in free trade, that they must
needs have a practical touch at the " reciprocity system,"
and as they are Lord Melbourne's hacks upon the grand
question of the superior fitness of the Whigs for holding
place and receiving salary, so he must be their hack
upon the subject of the
repeal of the Corn-laws. And
wind
this is " raising the to move the Cabinet." Oh! Lord
Melbourne! does it not seem even to you, that it is a wiogt
foul wind 1--Morning Post.

Wednesday week
one of
aOndnßotherham railway
E
x. Tt
hReA
engineso lit D N
oAni
tYh
eSsPhEeEffiDe
performed the distance in five minutes and a quarter.
We regret to hear that Sir David Baird has been
seriously injured by a fall in hunting.