The Sun.
London, England, 1849-02-06 00:00:00

N0.17,587.] LONDON, TUESDAY E S N 7 FEBRUARY O. 1849.

METROPOLITAN COUNTIES AND
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
27, REGENT-STREET, WATERLOO-PLACE, LONDON.
INCORPORATED PURSUANT TO ACT OP PARLIAMENT.
TRUSTEES.
Spenokll. Walpole, Esq., M.P. I Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P.
Henry 7ieter Fuller, Esq. Edward Vansittart Nealo, Esq.

DIRECT•7IS.
Samuel Driver, Esq., Whitehall.
Henry Peter Fuller, Esq., Piccadilly.
John Palk Griffin, Esq., Ironmonger-lane, Cheapside.
Capt. Hon. G. F. Hotham, RN., United Service Club, and
Brighton.
Edward Legh, Esq., the Limes, Lewisham, Kent.
Edward Lomax, Esq., St. John's-wood-park.
Samuel Miller, Esq., Lincoln's-inn.
E. Vansittart Neale, Esq., South Audley-street.
Sir Thomas Newby Reeve, Richmond, Surrey.
William Studley, Esq., Brixton, Surrey.
William A. S. Westoby, Esq., Hyde-park-place.
The LIFE ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT of the Society m-
braces :
Assurances upon single or joint lives, contingent survivorship, or
the survivor of two or more lives.
Endowments of widows and children.
Immediate, deferred, and survivorship annuities.
The payment of fixed sums to the assured at any specific age, or
to their re resentatives in case of death before that age.
Premiums may be paid yearly, half-yearly, or quarterly, or upon
the half-premium plan for the first five years.
Loans granted on an entirely new principle.
RAILWAY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT.
All persons, of whatever class, travelling by Railway in Great
Britain and Ireland, assured in the event of loss of life by accident
whilst so travelling, at the moderate premium of 10s. per cent., in
one single payment, for the whole period of life.
EXAMPLE.—A person may by one single payment of 5/. assure to
his family or others the sum of 1,0001., to be paid in the event of his
losing his life by railway travelling in Great Briltin or Ireland.
F. FERGUSON CAMEO 111, Manager.

THE LONDON INDISPUTABLE LIFE
POLICY COMPANY.
INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT.
Upon the Principle of Mutual Life Assurance, the Whole Profits
belonging to the Asqtred.
No. 31, LOMBARD-STREET, LONDON.
TRUSTEES.
T. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P.
Richard Mathis, Esq. I James Fuller Madox, Esq.
William Wilberforce, Esq.
DIRECTORS. •

William Adams, Esq.
John Atkins, Esq.
John Dangerfleld, Esq.
Robert Henry Forman, Esq

John Hamilton, Esq.
James Fuller Madox, Esq.;
John Alatthows, Esq.
Charles 0. Parnell, Esq.

AUDITORS,

George Cumming, Esq.
Tames Turner, Esq.

Samuel Field, Esq.
IWilliam Ghrimes Kell, Esq.
MEDICAL ADVISER.
Benjamin Phillips, Esq., F.R.S.
BANKERS.
Messrs. Spooner, Attwooi, and Co.
MANAGER.
Alexander Robertson, Esq.
The 'POLICIES are INDEFEASIBLE and INDISPUTABLE,
the Company being prohibited, by the 84th clause of their Deed of
Constitution, which is duly registered in terms of the Act, from dis
puting a Policy upon any ground whatever.
The Rates of Premium are calculated upon Carlisle mortality, and
are as low as a due regard to complete security will justify.
HALF PRE MIUM SYSTEM. —By this plan only one-half of the
premiums, with interest of the retained halves, is required to be paid
for the first five years—the retained halves, being payable at the
convenience of the assured, or allowed to continue, to form
a deduction from tie claim on the Policy ; and as the As-
surance may be relinquished at any time without payment
of the retained premiums, this scheme enables a party to
assure for the first five years at little more than half the usual rate,
and to discontinue a Policy at about one-half the usual sacrifice.
WHOLE WORLD POLICIES are granted, whereby the security
of a creditor, holder of a Policy, continues unimpaired, although the
assured life should go beyond the prescribed limits.
Sums are assured payable to the parties themselves on attaining a
specified age, or at their death, whichever shall first occur.
PARTNERSHIP POLICIES are granted, whereby a j oint assurance
effected by partners, at the charge of the firm, secures the capital in-
vested. On the death of either, the survivor is benefited by retain-
ing the whole capital, and the representatives of the deceased obtain
their share without having to wait until it can be recovered from
outstanding debts.
There is no extra charge for residence beyond 35 degrees of the
equator.
No Admission er Entrance Fees are required, nor is any charge
made for the Policy beyond the amount of the Stamp.
Claims are payable within three months after proof of the death o
the assured life.
Tie usual Commission allowed to Solicitors, and also to persons,
approved by the Board, who extend the business of Life Assurance in
oonnexion 'with this Company.

BANK of AUSTRALASIA, (incorporated by
Royal Charter, 1835), 8, Austinfriars, April 1, 1848.
The Court of Directors GRANT BILLS and LETTERS of
CREDIT on the undermentioned Branches, viz. :—Sydney, Mait-
land, Melbourne, Geelong, Hobart-town, Launceston, and Adelaide,
on terms which may be learnt on application, either at their offices,
Austinfriars, or at their bankers', Messrs. Smith, Payne, and
Smiths.

By Order of the Board,
WILLIAM MILLIKEN, Secretary.

MIDLAND RAILWAY.
J_Vill_ TENDERS FOR SLEEPERS.

The Directors of the Midland Railway Company are prepared to
receive Tenders for the supply of 40,000 SLEEPERS. Specifications
may be seen, and particulars obtained at the Office of the Company's
Engineer, at Derby.
Tenders enclosed in sealed covers, marked " Tender for Sleepers,"
and addressed to the Secretary. are to be delivered at the Conipany's
Office, Derby, on or before the 20th day of February.
By order,
Derby, Feb. 8, 1849. J. F. BELL, Secretary.

TIC DOLOREAUX CURABLE.
TOOTHACHE.
Instantaneous relief from those excruelatim complaints may be
had by using JAMES'S Celebrated ASTILIAN TINCTURE for
TIC DOLOREUX, TOOTHACHE, PAINS in the FACE, GUMS, &c.
[IMPORTANT TESTIMONIALS.]
" Liverpool, Dec. 13, 1848.
" To Messrs. Carson and Co,

"It Is with much pleasure I coMmardcate the great efficacy of
ymr Asttltaa. Tincture' for the Me Doloreux and Toothache, It
having cured my wife for the former in a few minutes after the ap-
plie,atien. She suffered dreadfully for some time, and ceald get no
relief till your tincture was applied • more than four weeks have
elapsed and she has not been troubled it since. It would be an
act of ingratitude on my part were I to withhold giving you the
information, and you are at liberty to make it public in any way
you think proper

(Signed)
" 14, Rathbone-street, Toxteth-park."

" THOMAS GUY.

" Liverpool, Dec. 14 , 1848.

"To Messrs. Carson and Co.,
"It is with feelings of gratitude that I inform yon of the won-
derful cure effected by the use of ' James's Celebrated Astilian
Tincture' • for the Tic Doloreux and Toothache, prepared by you.
" My wife had been suffering the most excruciating agony for
three weeks, night and day; she tried everything that we thought
would be of any service, but all in vain ; she was then recommended
to try your Tincture, which she did, and in four minutes after the
application she was quite cured. It is now five weeks since, and I
am happy to say there is no appearance of its return.
(Signed) " WILLIAM REID.
" 54, Oliver-street, Windsor,
" P.S.—lf you are disposed you can publish this for the benefit of
those who may be suffering from the same complaint."

" Liverpool, Dec. 23, 1848

" Gentlemen,—After six months' experience in its sale I have
found your ` Astilian Tincture' to be all but uniformly suceessfu
in the cure of Tic Doloreux and Toothache ; indeed only one case of,
failure do I know of in that time. Although generally averse to
such things, yet you may, if you choose, make public use of this.—l
remain yours, faithfully, " THOMAS LOWE,
"Dispensing Cheraist, 38, Islington, and 40, Norton-street.
"P.S.—You may send me another three dozen of the smaller size.
" To Messrs. Carson and Co."
Prepared by Carson and Co., St. Anne-street, Liverpool. sole pro-
prietors, from whom it may be had, or through any of the Wholesale
Houses in London, Birmingham, York, Edinburgh, &c., and retail
from any respectable Medicine Vendor throughout the Kingdom.
In Bottles, at 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and 115. each.

Just published, price 55., Evo., in cloth,
ripHE RATIONAL TREATMENT of STRIC-
JL TITRES of the URETHRA, in all their varieties and compli-
cations. With practical observations on the use and abuse of in3tru-
ments in the treatment of urethral diseases, showing that the unne-
cessary employment of instruments is a frequent exciting cause of
stricture, and that a want of practical knowledge and manual dex-
terity in their use, when necessary, is the source of most of the se-
+ere, long-protracted, and complicated cases of that disorder so fa-
tally prevalent.
By F. B. COURTENA Y,
" The operation of introducing a catheter through an impermeable
stricture is, without doubt, the most difficult in the whole range of
surgical operations, and demands all the prudence, science, and skill
of a master. The art can only be acquired, and that gradually, by
frequent practice."—Liston's Operative Surgery.
Published by H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street ; aid may be had of
all booksellers in town or country.

A it It I A Cr E.
NI One half the world are desolately single, and the other
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
»Jae' the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
zornprosing harry ; but the truth lies deeper. rhysical incapacity,
and broken health, are the groat hindrances to domestic happiness
end social content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justicedemand that health sheuldform an item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
..hese surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
AEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 2 vols., Is.
'ash (by Doak; in stamps, ls. Gd. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, ,
03'misinterpretationof their supposed contents, from obtaining
Prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but
'or the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth en
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
ogether, arc a
disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
'"le publications claim your attention (same price ls. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid,"ralt and ..How to be Happy." They are not merely
,c
but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
ephemeralmiferePe'
scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
e, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would,nthee be done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
' tunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
_4_h. cerw_ °ix% 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 141, Fleet .street • Mann,
t 9 ornhill ; Nelson, 4'7, West Strand; or direct (by post or other-
wis
e
) from the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and evenings), in,00k..‘..,i.5, Argyll-pines Regent-street; and all

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
)N PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA?A-
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
:sew Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 25. 6d., or
by oost, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
rilliE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, Brom ex-
:essive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, end the means of obviating certain dis-
jualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Bemers-street, Ox-
ford-street, London. Published by the Authors: sold by Strange,
21, Poternostilr-row ; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ;
Starie, 23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 14i, Leaden-
hall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
3rgans, and Is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive hidul-
once, and their lamentable effects en the system, producing mental
end bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generativelncapacity.
Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engravings.
PART IV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease
by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is ob-
viated. This important part of the Work should not escape the
eader's notice.
PAST V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, aid its
luties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the who!e subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
Tin CORDIAL BALM OF SYSIACErM is exclusively employed in treat-
ag nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 14. and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphiliticremedy, for purifying
the blood In cases of infection, secondary symp-
edblyadfoarerg.onocrrohnsceuia,tgaltieoetu,
lores,,eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 11s. and 335. per bottle.
oevertrz:rFurifYing Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 45. 6d., and 115. per box, a
ton of theem sitrieectifnrbe, chronic
ikillmambrure
retail of the case is required : habits, y •
and position society.
56. Packets, with advice, to be had
had at the Establishment only, by
which the foe, IL, is saved. Messrs.l9, Perry, Surgeons, are in atten-
erfters-street, Oxford-street, London, from Ele-
-1 yen till Two, and Fire to Eight; on Sundays from Eleven to One.

STATES'S ROYAL HOTEL
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

STATEOllCitstiiWpatronage.--;nd support of Com
mercial Gentlemen to the above Hotel, which is most centrally 51
tuated. The Commercial-room will be found one of the most corn
modious and suitable, and " en suite," the Motel, in point of accem,
modation, second to none in the North.

TN consequence of the great rush of Visitors to see
BANVARD'S GRAND MOTING PAINTING of the MIS-
SISSIPPI and MISSOURI RIVERS, at the EGYPTIAN HALL,
Piccadilly, the Proprietor mspectfully announces Two Exhibitions
every day during the hoiivays. This immense Painting is the
Largest in the World, and exhibits more than 3,000 miles of Ameri-
can scenery.—The Day exhibition will commence every Afternoon,
at Half-past Two, and the Evening at Half-past Seven o'clock;
doors open half nu hour before commencing. Admission, lower
seats, lts. ; gallery, ls.

THE BRITISH GAZETTEER, POLITICAL,
COMMERCIAL, ECCLESIASTICAL, and HISTORICAL
TRAVELLING ROAD-BOOK and COUNTY ATLAS. Imperial
Bvo., being issued in One Shilling Monthly Parts (Part 111. on March
1), each Part containing a carefully drawn Half Imperial Map of
one of the Counties, and every alternate Part at least, a fine Steel
Engraving, from a drawing made expressly for the work, of some
structure, edifice, or natural object of interest. In addition to the
series of County Maps, there will be a large general Map of the Bri-
tish Isles, in sections, which may, if it be preferred, be joined for
hanging up. In all the Maps, the railroads and stations are being
laid down most accurately up to the time of going to press. The
most ample information with regard to each place is given on all
subjects, under the following heads:—Location and description, dis-
tance (both from London and Derby), postal arrangements, historic
records, ecclesiastical, educational, political, and municipal, statistics,
bankers, markets, fairs, races, newspapers, population, number of
houses, extent in acres, noblemen's and gentlemen's seats, name of
present occupant, with a synopsis of any event of public interest in
family, or connected with the estate.
The Editor will endeavour to condense the matter into about 65
Parts, and will shortly, if approved, issue larger parts to expodi e
the completion of the work.
Published, for the Proprietors, by H. G. Collins, 22, Paternoster-
row, London.

5 AVIES'S CANDLES, sd. and Sid. per lb. ;
Waxed-wick Moulds, 6%d.; Composite, 8%d., 10d., and 1034 d;
Wax Candles, Is. ; German Wax, Is. 2d. ; Fine Wax, ls. sd. ;
Transparent Wax, Is. 9d. ; Best Wax, 2s. Id. ; Sperm Candles,
16. 6d. and ls. 7d. Metallic, 7%d. and 814 d. ; Mottled soap, 60s. and
645. per I 121bs. ; Yellow, 485., 545., and 60s. ; Windior Soap, ls. 4d.
per packet ; Brown Windsor, Is. 9d. ; Rose, 25.; Almond, 2s. 6d. ;
Sealing Wax, 4s. 6d. per lb. ' • Sperm 011, 7s. 6d. per gallon ; Solar
33.3 d. , Seal, 4s. ; Argand, or Vegetable, 4s. 6d.
For Cash—At AVIES'S Old Established Warehouse, 63, St.
Wartin's-lane. ort or Grocers' and Oil-shop Goods at lower
prices.

THE NEW TOOTH-PICK TOOTH-BRUSH,
thoroughly cleansing between the teeth, who► used up and
down, and polishing the surface when used crossways, the hair war-
ranted never to come out, in four strengths, vie.: No. I hard, No. 2
less hard, No. 3 medium, No. 4 soft.—The Double Anti-pressure
Nail-brush, which does not divide the quick from the nails.
—The Triple Hair-brush, which thoroughly searches and
cleanses the hair in one fourth part of the time of any other method,
and acts as both comb and brush combined.—The Medium Shaving-
brush, being a selection of the strongest badgers' hair, so well secured
in the socket as never to come loose.—Aud though last, not least, the
newly invented • Reno rater' Clothes-brush, which makes an old coat
look like a new one, and a new coat to look new double the usual
time.

Invented and made only by ROSS and SONS, 119 and 120, Bishops-
gate-street, London.

THE COUNTRY MARKETS.

CHELMSFORD, FEB. 2.—The following are the prices of
grain :—Wheat, white, old 49s to 54s ; new 48s to 535; red,
old 43s to 495; new, 42s to 4qs ; barley, 28s to 31s ; chevalier
29i to 32s ; grinding 23s to 28s ; oats 17s to 24s ; malt 56s to
60s; chevalier 58s to 625; peas, partridge 31s to 345; white
3ls to 34s ; dun 29s to 33s ; beans, tick, new 24s to 27s ; old
27s to 31s ; harrow ticks, new 25s to 28s ; old 28s to 32s ;
masagan, new 221 to 25s ; old 26s to 28s per qr.
COLCHESTER, FEB. 3.—Wheat, white 50 to 545; red 46s
to 48s; barley 24s to 31s; beans, mazagan 24s to 255; middle
and amall 29s to 31s; peas 30s to 34s per qr.
KIRSALDY, FED. 3.—The following are the quotations up
to this date:—

Wheat. I Barley.
First 51s Od 1 29s ad

Oats.
21s Od
IBs 9d
15s 6d
Ilbs. imp.,
) following

Beans.
—s Od I
—s Od I
—s Od
25s to 26;
are the

Peas,
—a
Od
—s
Od

Second 46s 6d 126 s 3d
Third 42s Od 21s 6d

—s Od

Oatmeal, per bag of 281
HADDiNGTON, FEB. 2.—Thi
grain at our market to-day :
Wheat.
... 528 Oct
... 45s 3d
348 Od

First
Second
Third

prices of

Barley.
32s Od
27s 2d
238 6d

Oats.
23s Od
19s 10d
16s Od

Beans.
524 Od
28s 5d
27s Od

Total quantity of Wheat in market 442 qrs., 390 sold
Do. Barley do. 356 qrs., 338 sok,
Do. Oats do. 613 qrs., 575 sold
Do. Beans do. 124 qrs., 103 sold

Giuserow, Fzs. I.—Provisions—Cheese, 46s Od to 52s Od
per cwt • retail, 51d to 7d per lb. Skim milk, Os Od to Os per
cwt. Country fresh butter, 10d to Ild per lb ; Irish pow-
dered, in lumps, 9d to 10d; country powdered, wholesale, Nd
to 9d. Country eggs, is per dozen; carried hen ditto, 8s 6d
per hundred, or 10d per down. Hens, 2s 6d per pair ; ducks,
2s 6d.

BitawicK, Fxs. I.—Wheat, 40s 101 d • barley, 23s sid ;
oats, 17s 9d ; rye, 23s 4:1; beans, 26s 8d; peas, Os Od ave-
rage per imperial quarter.
Kimso, Fxis. 2.—Wheat, old, 38s to 42s ; ditto, new, 32s
to 36s Od ; barley, new, 17s to 20$ Od ; ditto old, Os Od to
Os ; potato oats, Os to Os Od ; ditto new, 13s to 15s Od ; com-
mon oats, Ils Od to 14s; ditto new, Os Od to Os Od ; peas, 24s
to 25s Od; loans, 24s to 25s per boll of six imperial bushels.
flawicx, FEB. I.—Wheat, new, 36s Od to 42s Od; ditto
old, 46s Od to 48s Od ; barley, new, 19s to 20s ; potato oats,
14s Od to 16s Od ; common oats, lls to 14s Od ; peas, 27s Od
to 28s Od ; beans, 27s Od to 28, Od per boll of six imperial
bushels.

PERTIi, Fits. I.—Wheat, 40s Od to 49s Od ; barley, 22s Od
to 26s Od ; oats, 15s to 18. ; peas and beans, 24s Od to 28s Od
per quarter. Oatmeal, per sack, 26s to 28s.
FALKIRK, Fxs. 2..—The supply of grain in this day's
market was 912 bolls; wheat at 20s Od to 23s Od per boll ;
barley , 165 9d to 21s 6d ; oats, 155 6d to Os Od; beans, 12s to
15s Od per boll ; oatmeal, Os to Os per load.
STIRLING, FEB. 2.—Wheat, foreign, 26s to 30s Od; Ditto
home, Os Od to Os Od; ditto ditto new, 2ls Od to 225; barley, per
boll of 6 bushels, Os Od to Os Od; ditto new, 17s Od to 21s Od ;
oats common, Os Od to Os Od ; ditto new, IN 6d to 118 6d ;
ditto Flemish, Os Od to Os Od; ditto ditto new, Os Od; malt,
distillers, 38s Od to 39s ; ditto brewers, 38s Od to 41s ; beans,
per boll, Os 6d to Os Od ; ditto new, 12s 611 to 14s 6d; pease,
Os Od to Os Od ; flour, new, per sack, 385 to 40s ; ditto common
ditto, 25s Od to 26s 6d ; oatmeal, per load, Os Od to Os Od;
ditto new 26s Od to 275 ; ditto per peck of 7lbs, Bid to Os Od ;
fresh butter, per lb. 8d to 10d ; eggs per dozen, 9d to 10d ;
hay per ton, 455 to 465.

THE CALIFORNIAN GOLD-
FINDERS.

The accounts continue to increase in interest. The
New York Herald introduces a highly interesting letter
from a correspondent at Monterey, California, with the
following mysterious paragraph:—
We have also received a private and confidential
letter which contains intelligence so astounding concern-
ing the gold regions, that we forbear giving it to the
public at this time lest they should not credit it, and
might only laugh at us for our pains, and accuse us of
attempting to hoax and deceive the public."
The Herald then goes on to declare that there were
strong reasons for believing that Governor Mason and
all his officers, men, mules, and waggons, were engaged
digging on the banks of the Sacramento river. Colonel
Stephenson had also disbanded his regiment, and gone
on the like errand. This officer is said to have collected
upwards of one million of dollars' worth of gold dust.
Captain Marcy, son of the United States' Secretary
of War, was engaged in the same pursuit. The cor-
respondent's letter, which is dated Monterey, No-
vember the 16th, is highly interesting; we therefore
give it entire:—
" We can now call ourselves citizens of the United
States. We have now only to go by law, as we for-
merly went by custom, that is, when Congress gives us
a government and code. The old foreign residents of
California, having done very well 10 or 20 years with-
out law, care but very little whether Congress pays
early or late attention to the subject. Those who have
emigrated from the Atlantic States within the last three
or four years deem the subject an important one; I only
call it difficult. The carrying out a code of laws, under
existing circumstances, is far from being an easy task.
The general Government may appoint governors, secre-
taries, and other public functionaries; and judges, mar-
shah, collectors, &c., may accept offices with salaries of
3,000 dolls. or 4,000 dolls. per annum; but how they are
to obtain their petty officers, at half these sums, remains
to be seen. The pay of a member of Congress will be
accepted here by those alone who do not know enough
to better themselves. Mechanics can now get 10 dolls.
to 16 dolls. per day; labourers on the wharfs or else-
where 5 dolls. to 10 dolls.; clerks and storekeepers,
1,000 dolls. to 3,000 dolls. per annum—some engage to
keep store during their pleasure at 8 dolls, per day, or
lib. or l lb. of gold per month; cooks and stewards,
60 dolls. to 100 dolls. per month. In fact, labour of
every description commands exorbitant prices. My
previous information to you I merely forwarded to your
office to open the way to the future belief of your many
readers. I had not much expectation of being believed.
The idea of mountains of quicksilver only wanting the
ingenuity of man to make them pour forth as a stream
—of rivers, whose bottoms and banks are of gold, is
rather too much to play upon the, credulity of New
Yorkers or Yankees. I suppose my story passed as an
enlarged edition of the Arabian Nights, improved and
adapted to California.
" Whether you or your readers took the tale for fic-
tion or truth I know not. Your last paper that has
reached us ie of April. This I know, the Sandwich
Islands, Oregon, and Lower California are fast parting
with their inhabitants, all bound for this coast, and
thence to the great placer' of the Sacramento valley,
where the digging and washing of one man that does not
produce 100 troy ounces of gold, 23 carats, from the size
of a half spangle to one pound in one month, set the dig-
ger to ' prospecting,' that is, looking for better grounds.
Your Paisano ' can point out many a man who has,
for 15 to 20 days in succession, bagged up five to ten
ounces of gold a day. Our placer, or gold region, now
extends over 300 or 400 miles of country, embracing all
the creeks and branches on the east side of the river Sa-
cramento and one side of the San Joaquin. In my travels
I have, when resting under a tree and grazing my horse,
seen pieces of pure gold taken from crevices of the rocks
or slate where we were stopping. On one occasion, noon-
ing or refreshing on the side of a stream entirely
unknown to diggers or • prospectors,' or rather, it
known, not attended to, one of my companions in rolling
in the sand, said, Give me a tin pan ; why should we
not be cooking in gold sands ?' Ile took a pan, filled it
with sand, washed it out, and produced in five minutes
two or three dollars' worth of gold, merely saying, as he
threw both pan and gold on the sand, I thought so.'
Perhaps it is fair that your readers should learn that
however plentifully the Sacramento valley may afford
gold, the obtaining, of it has its disadvantages. From
the Ist of July to the Ist of October, more or less,
one half of the people will have fever and ague,
or intermittent fever. In the winter, it is too
cold to work in the water. Some work in the sand by
washing from the surface in a wooden bowl, or tin pan;
some gouge it out from the rocks or slate; the more lazy
ones roll about and pick up the large pieces, leaving the
small gold for the next emigration. The extent of the
gold region on the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers
extends a distance of 800 miles in length by 100 in
width. It embraces not only gold, but quantities of
quicksilver in almost general abundance. It is estimated
that a small population actively engaged in mining oper-
ations in that region could export 100,000,000 dolls. in
gold every year, and that an increased population might
increase that amount to 300,000,000 dolls. annually.
You may believe me when I say that fbr some time to
comp California will export, yearly, nearly or quite
500,000 ounces of gold, 22 to 24 carats fine; some pieces
of that will weigh 161 b., very many 11b. Many men
who began last year to dig gold with a capital of 50
dolls. can now show 5,000 dolls. to 15,000 dolls. I
saw a man to-day making purchases of dry goods, &c.,
for his family, lay on ;the counter a bag made of raw
hide, well sewed up, containing 100 ounces. I observed,
That is a good way to pack gold dust.' He very inno-
cently replied, All the bags I brought down are that
way ; I like the size 1' Five such bags in New York
would bring nearly 10,000 dolls. This man left his
family last august. Three months' digging and wash-
ing, producing four or five bags, of 100 ounces each, is
better than being mate of a vessel at 40 dolls. per month,
as the man formerly was. His companion, a Mexican,
who camped and worked with him, only had two or
three cowhide bags of gold. In this tough, but true,
golden tale, you must not imagine that all men are
equally successful. There are some who have done
better; even to 4,000 dolls. in a month; many 1,000 dolls.
during the summer ; and others, who refused to join a
company of gold washers who had a cheap made ma-
chine, and receive ono ounce per day, that returned to
the settlements with not a vest pocket-ful of
gold. Some left with only sufficient to pur-
chase a horse and saddle, and pay the physician
six ounces of gold for one ounce of quinine, calomel and
jalap in proportion. An ounce of gold for advice given,
six ounces a visit, brings the fever and ague to be rather
an expensive companion. A well' man has his pro-
portionate heavy expenses, also, to reduce his piles or
bags of gold. Dry beef in the settlements at four cents
per lb., at the placer 1 doll, to 2 dolls. per lb.; salt beet
and pork, 50 dolls. to 100 dolls. per barrel; flour, 30
dolls. to 75 dolls. per barrel; coffee, sugar, and rice, 50c.
to 1 doll. per lb. As washing is 50c. to 1 doll. a gar-
ment, many prefer throwing away their used-up clothes
to paying the washerwoman; that is, if they intend re-
turning to the settlements soon, where they can pur-
chase more. As to shaving, I have never seen a man
at the placer who had time to perform that operation.
They do not work on Sundays, only brush up the
tent; blow out the emery or fine black sand from the
week's work. Horses that can travel only one day,
and from that to a week, are from 100 dolls. to 300 dolls.
Freight charge by launch owners for three days,
run, a dolls. per barrel. Waggoners charge 50 dolls. to
100 dolls. per load, 20 to 50 miles on good road. Corn,
barley, peas, and beans, 10 dolls. a bushel. Common
pistols, any price; powder and lead very dear. I know
a physician who, in San Francisco, purchased a common
made gold washer at 20 dolls. or 30 dolls., made of 70
or i 0 feet of boards. At a great expense he boated it
up to the first landing on the Sacramento, and there met
a waggoner bound to one of the diggings with an empty
waggon, distant about 50 miles. The waggoner would
not take up the machine under 100 dolls. The doctor
had to consent, and bided his time. June passed over,
rich in gold; all on the creek did wonders, when the
waggoner fell sick, called on his friend the doctor, whose
tent was in sight; the doctor came, but would not admi-
nister the first dose under the old sum of 100 dolls.,
which was agreed to under a proviso that the
following doses should be furnished more moderate.
When a man's time is worth 100 dolls. a
day to use a spade and tin pan, neither doctors nor
waggoners can think much of a pound of gold, and
you may suppose merchants, traders, and pedlars are
not slow to make their fortunes in these golden times.
In San Francisco there is more merchandise sold now
monthly than before in a year. Vessels after vessels
arrive, land their cargoes, dispose of them, and bag up
the dust and lay up the vessel, as the crew are soon
among the missing. The cleanest clear out is where the
captainfollows the crew. There are many vessels in
San Francisco that cannot weigh anchor, even with the
assistance of three or four neighbouring vessels. Super-
cargoes must land cargo on arriving, or have no crew to
do it for them. Some vessels continue to go to sea with
small crews at 50 dolls. per month for green hands.
Old hands are too wise for them, and prefer digging
an ounce or two a day, and drinking bock and cham-
pagne at half an ounce a bottle, and eating bad sea
bread at 1 doll. per lb. I have seen a captain of a vessel,
who by his old contract in the port whence he sailed,
was getting 60 dolls. per month, paying his cook 75
dolls., and offering 100 dolls. per month for a steward;
his mates, having gone a
his former crew, even to
prospecting.' Uncle Sam's ships suffer a little the same
way, although they offer from 200 dolls, to 500 dolls.
for the apprehension of a deserter.
The Ohio,
however, laid in the point of Monterey about a month,
and lost only twenty or thirty men. Colonel Stevenson's
regiment is disbanded; 99 out of 100 of whom have also
gone prospecting,' including the colonel, who arrived in
Monterey last month from this last post, and was met
by his men at the edge of the town to escort and
cheer him into the town. The captains, &c., have
bought up country carts and oxen, turned drivers, and
gone to the placer. Our worthy' Governor, Colonel of
Ist Dragoons, &c., having plenty of carts, waggons,
horses, and mules, with a few regulars left, has also gone,
but under better advantages, for the second or third
time, to see the placer and the country, and have justice
done to his countrymen or himself. Commodore Jones,
lately arrived in Monterey, supposed it to be the capital,
head-quarters, &c., but found not even the Governor
left. Where head-quarters is may be uncertain, whe-
ther in Monterey, butier's Fort, or in 4 four mule wag-

gon travelling over the gold region. Now, whether head-
quarters are freighted with munitions of war, &c., or
whether the cargo consists of blankets, shirts &c., to
clothe the suffering Indians, for the paltry consideration
of gold, no one cares or knows. But the principle
should be that if privates can or will be off making their
thousands, those who are better able should not go gold-
less."

The Washington Union contains a letter from Lieu-
tenant Larkin, dated Monterey. November 16, received
at the State Department, containing further confirma-
tion of the previous dispatches, public and private, and
far outstripping all other news in its exciting character
The gold was increasing in size and quality daily.
Lumps were found weighing from lib. to 21b. Several
had been heard of weighing as high as 161 b., and one
251 b. Many men who were poor in June were worth
30,000 dolls. by digging and trading with the Indians.
100 dolls. a day is the average amount realized daily
from July to October. Half the diggers were sick with
fevers, though not many deaths had occurred
among them. The Indians would readily give
an ounce of gold for a common calico shirt
—others were selling for 10 dolls. each in specie.
The gold regions extend over a tract of 300 miles,
and it was not known that it did not extend 1,000. A
letter from Commodore Jones states, that many of the
petty officers and men had deserted and gone in search
of the gold. He adds, the Indians were selling gold at
50c. the ounce. Many vessels were deserted by captain,
cook, and seamen. The ship Isaac Walton offered dis-
charged soldiers 50 dolls, per month to go to Callao,
which was refused. She was supplied by Government
sailors. All the naval vessels on the coast were short of
hands. Nearly the whole of the 3d Artillery had de-
serted. Provisions were scarce and high; board, 4 dolls.
a•day; washing, 6 dolls. a dozen. Merchant's clerks get
from 2,000 dolls to 3,000 dolls. a-year.
From all the States of the Union, vessels crowded
with passengers were sailing daily. Even vessels of the
very worst description were eagerly bought at very high
prices. Amongst the emigrants from New York we no-
tice the name of Frederick Jerome, late seaman of the
New World packet-ship.

[PRICE OD.

ciency of 48,4061.; in the latter there was a certain deficit
of 57,2871., besides a considerable amount of contingencies
due, and provided for, but still unpaid. In 1847 the esti-
mated value of imports was 1,298,9411., whilst the
value of exports was 1,212,741/. In 1848 the imports
were 1,255,0271., whilst the experts had sunk in value to
894,6211. We leave it to the thriving class of political
economists to extract one gleam of prosperity out of
such a statistical detail of misery as this. But we will
go further. The whole ascertained value of the agri-
cultural exports of the country for the year 1848 was
under 900,0001. To take that amount of produce to
market, a sum fully equal to one third more must have
been expended. It is easy to reduce such a calculation
to figures. The average amount spent in wages end
other contingencies throughout the island is not less than
3,000/. a week. It is probably more; or rather it was
so when the state of the produce market supplied
the means of carrying on the ordinary cultiva-
tion. It is thus, and thus only, that the overplus
of imports over exports can be sustained. As long
as cultivation is carried on at all, money must be found
to pay the way. The labourer, who exists as hereto-
fore, however straightened may be his empleyer, or
however disastrous to the latter may be the result of the
year's business, still receives his wages, and remains
the consumer of imports. But it is clear that such a
rotten state of things cannot continue. The institutions
of the country cannot be supported out of the bankrupt
exchequer—the proprietor cannot maintain an expen-
sive circulation upon an unremunerative produce—the
island cannot prosper with an increasing balance of
trade against itself. Er nihilo nihil fit. It rests with
Government to apply the only remedy, and that remedy
lies in the legislative support of these her Majesty's colo-
nies, in contradistinction of the encouragement of the
subjects of a foreign Crown—it lies in the protection of
freedom from the crushing competition of slavery.