The Sun.
London, England, 1849-10-01 00:00:00

lc LONDoN, MONDAY rtryEsTai ocTonirt 1, 1844.

moreover, perceived that matters have been brought
to such an extremity, in regard to the question of
extradition, that there is an actual rupture between
the two Governments. M. DE TITOFF having de-
clared, on the afternoon of the 15th of September,

that unless the requirements of the CZAR were ac-
ceded to within thirty hours from the date of his
communicarion, there would be a suspension of all
further diplomatic relations, the Porte, late on .the
evening of the 16th ultimo, transmitted to the Russian
and Austrian Embassies its final determination—
distinctly rejecting the demand of extradition.
In consequence of this refusal, M. DE
TITOFF has suspended all relations with the
Porte, and on the following morning Prince
Ranztvir. hastily took his departure for St. Peters-
burgh. Affairs remain, therefore, in this imminent
position—a rupture between the Russo-Austrian Ca-
binets and the Cabinet of Turkey—and a demand issued
from the English and French Ambassadors for the
presence of the fleets of their respective nations in the
Dardanelles, for the support of the SULTAN and the
protection of Constantinople.
All opportunity has passed away for further
procrastination on the part of the Foreign
Secretary. Lord PALMERSTON has now be-
fore him but one simple and imperative duty
—the duty of acting, and of acting with prompti-
tude. Unless he does so, the golden bowl of his re-
putation is shattered. England will look for imme-
diate support from his hands to Sir STRATFORD CAN-
NING, who has conducted our relations with the Sub-
lime Porte so nobly, so wisely, and so magnani-
mously. England will look for the immediate ap-
pearance of her fleet off the Golden Horn, and gladly
would the people of this country recognise as the
Sea Captain in the Dardanelles the brave Sir
CHARLES NAPIER, the hero of St. Jean d'Acre.
Let Lord PALMERSTON not permit this moment
of fortune to pass away without yielding advantages
to the cause of Britain, to the cause of
Turkey, of Hungary, and of civilization. All depends
upon action, and all the felicities of action depend at
this period upon its promptitude. Every attention
should for the time being be concentrated upon the
Present, as regrets for the Past are idle, and equally
idle are all anticipations as to the Future. So extra-
ordinary is the posture of affairs, that speculation as
to the result would be worse than frivolous. It is im-
possible to conjecture otherwise than that in this in-
stance, as in so many preceding ones,Good may come out
of Evil—out of the lust of Alutria for vengeance and
the lust of Russia for territorial aggrandisement. If
Lord PALMERSTON only remains true to the cause
with which his distinguished and historical name has
been so long identified, we may yet witness the con-
solidation of a free and independent Turkey, a free
and independent Hungary, a free and independent
Poland, the disruption of Austria, the incor-
poration of Savoy with France, the acquisi-
tion of Trieste by England, the union of Lombardy
Piedmont, and Venice, the establishment of German
nationality under a Central Government, and the
frustration of all the dreams of the AUTOCRAT as to
the subjugation of Western Europe, and the destruc-
tion of Democracy.

There is, perhaps, no point on which men of all
classes, creeds, and parties exhibit a greater unanimity
of opinion than on the justice, as well as expe-
diency, of providing compensation to occupying
tenants for permanent and lasting improvements of
their holdings. These opinions have been entertained
by representatives of the great sections or parties
within the walls of Parliament, as well as out of
doors. They have in turn brought forward Bills
calculated to attain the great desideratum ; but, un-
fortunately, there have been so many differences with
regard to details, such conflicting judgments as to the
machinery by which the object might be achieved,
that nothing practical has as yet been effected. Thus,
we find Lord STANLEY, the recognised leader
of the Protectionists, Lord LINCOLN, as the
organ of the Peel Administration, and Sir
WILLIAM SOMERVILLE, Secretary for Ireland
under the present Government, introducing
Bills into Parliament for the same purpose, while
private Members have been no less active. Mr.
SHARMAN CRAWFORD, Mr. PUSEY, and Mr. DRUM
MOND, brought forward distinct measures for the
purpose, and Mr. POULETT SCROPE, the zealous and
indefatigable friend of Ireland, has, both by speaking
and writing, in his place as a rapresentative of the
people, through. the public journals and by various
pamphlets, unceasingly advocated the same principle ;
and more recently, we are informed that Mr. BRIGHT,
who has just returned from a tour through Ireland,
has expressed his determination to bring forward a
Bill in the very commencement of the next session,
"to give security to tenants for the improvements
they may create," should Government be unwilling
to undertake the responsibility of legislating on this all-
important subject. Here, then, we find Whig and
Tory, Conservative and Radical, Protectionist and
I Free Trader, for once united. It is, indeed, a sub-
ject that may well call forth the energies and demand
the co-operation of all, without exception, for the
common benefit. There are, in fact, no conflicting
interests to be reconciled. The solution of the
problem would be equally advantageous to the land-
lord as to the tenant, to the proprietor as to the
occupier of the soil, to the unemployed labourer as
to the rate-payer in Ireland, and to the tax-payer of
the United Kingdom. It is a question deeply affect-
ing the pockets of all classes, which will, therefore,
ensure the most mature and attentive consideration.

Neither is it one of recent occurrence, produced by
the extraordinary visitation of PaOVIDENCE, under
which the sister kingdom has been so
severely afflicted. For centuries the relationship of
landlord and tenant in Ireland has been
loudly, and but too truly, complained of, and its
mischievous results forced upon the notice of the Go-
vernment, the Legislature, and the public generally.
There have been periodical seasons of scarcity, fre-
quently amounting to famine; and the habitual con-
dition of the Irish agricultural labourers and their
families, and indeed of the entire cottier population,
has been characterised by almost unceasing want,
misery, and destitution of the most melancholy and
painful description—disgraceful to a civilized commu-
nity and contrary to the plainest dictates of Chris-
tianity. Twelve years since—before the potato blight
had ever been heard of—we were told by the Com-
missioners appointed to inquire into the state of the
Irish poor that a portion of the able-bodied labouring
population of Ireland, amounting with their
families to nearly two millions and a half
of human beings, were, for more than half
of every year, "out of work and in distress ;"
and, by the more recent Commission presided over by
the Earl of DEVON, the object of which was "to
report as to the amendment, if any, of the existing
laws, which, having due regard to the just rights of
property, may be calculated to encourage the culti-
vation of the soil, to extend a better system of agri-
culture, and to improve the relation between landlord
and tenant," we have been informed that the great
body of the Irish people are " badly housed, badly
fed, and badly clothed," and that " their sufferings
are greater than those of the people of any country in
Europe."
This untoward state may, in a great degree, if not
altogether, be traced to the operation of the landlord
and tenant code in that country, which, being
in every respect adverse to the occupiers, has
not merely retarded improvements, but operated as
an actual prohibition to any effortsbyth.thme
otsetnant
tenant-
farmers to bring their holdings into
pro-
ductive condition. No encouragement was
waste were
afforded
to the good and improving tenant. If
committed or the lands deteriorated during his
tenancy,
he might be punished, but he could claim
no recompense for any amelioration, and but too
frequently the very improvements that should have
insured the approbation and esteem of his landlord,
led to a considerable increase of rent, or perhaps the
total eviction of the improver, who beheld another
enjoying the fruits of his industry. This impolitic
and iniquitous system prevented that community of
interest that should exist in every well-regulated
state between landlords and tenants. It was,
in fact, the object of the latter to keep
the lands impoverished and unproductive ;
they dwelt in miserable huts, little better than pig-
sties, because no allowance would be made for houses,
offices, or other buildings ; and in Ireland it is not
cti.stomnry for landlords to erect farm-houses, or to
render the holdings fit for occupation. 'All that must
be done by the incoming tenant, the greater part of

whc.se capital is exhausted in rendering the place
habitable, and that of course is done in the cheapest
and most slovenly manner, sufficient to meet tem-
ponry wants, but not to provide for the future.
Permanent and lasting improvements are compara-
tively unknown; they cannot even be effected with
the consent of the landlord; for, in the.great majority
of caeor:s, he is a mere tenant for life, deeply embar-
rassed, who cannot make any present allowance from
his own pecuniary difficulties for any future change,
because' the lands must descend uninctrmbered to his

successor.
One portion of Ireland alone constitutes the exception
to the general rule. In that part of the northern
province:where the custom' of " tenant-right" is fully
recognised an adequate motive is supplied to induce
the occuper to exert all his energies for the improve-
ment of th 3 soil. He knows that his skill and
industry will not be wasted or bestowed for the
benefit of oth3rs ; that so long as he performs his
part of the con tract, by paying the stipulated rent,
he will be permitted to retain possession of his
farm ; and, even if he should fall into arrear, he will
be enabled to dispose of his interest to another person,
the arrear of rent constituting the first lien on the
purchase money. Udder this wise and equitable
sys'em there is no abduction of crops, no absconding of
tenants. The landlord may calculate on receiving
every shilling to which he is fairly entitled.
Ws rental might possibly be nominally less, al-
though we are by no means disposed to admit that
land is let to solvent tenants on lower terms in Ulster
than in the other provinces, but his actual receipts
will be far more. No allowance is to be made for
bad debts or defaulting tenants. The " good- will "
of the lands will always sell for sufficient to satisfyall
debts, whether for rent or taxes, that may be owing, and
generally to leave a surplus for the outgoing tenant.
The landlord has not to bribe the refractory occupier
to surrender possession of the wasted and impoverished
lands, or to provide for arrears of rates that remain
charges upon the farm ; he does not see his fields
remaining barren and uncultivated, while the un-
principled occupier is coolly bargaining for the sum
he is to receive before he will give up " the
key," or threatening to assign it over to a pauper,
who cannot be ejected, in the ordinary course
of law, under a delay of six or eight months, and an
expenditure of some 701. or 801. The Ulster landlord
accurately knows what he is to receive, and is not
exposed to the contingencies and losses that are so
justly complained of by his brethren in the south
and west ; but he is not permitted "to do what he
will with his own." He cannot drive his tenants to
the hustings like a pack of sheep to record their
votes for his nominee. He cannot indulge his clear-
ing propensities, or render a once populous and happy
district a desert. Although he enjoys all the real
advantages of the position, he is not a despot exer-
cising unlimited power over a set of miserable serfs.
And, therefore, the landlords of Munster and Con-
naught are unwilling to adopt the judicious prin-
ciple that has produced such fruits, or to exchange
their own barren and useless tyranny for the substan-
tial advantages that would be attained if the " Ulster
tenant-right" were legalised and extended throughout
the entire of the sister kingdom.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday,
together with several of those of Friday and those of
yesterday.
The manifesto of the POPE is commented on in all
the Paris journals, and, with one exception, they are
unanimous in denouncing the mockery of an amnesty.
That exception is characteristic. The Univers, the
organ of the priests and Jesuits, is the only French
journal which disgraces itself by becoming the
apologist of persecution. The Dibats says :
" In the motu proprio of the Holy Father there are
two parts to be distinguished; that which concerns the
institutions, and that which relates to the amnesty. On
the first point we may regret that the reforms promised
do not present a character capable of more immediate
realization; that they are surrounded with restrictions
and reserves which appear to postpone their execution
to an indefinite period. It is, however, a point on which
it is impossible not to leave a wide latitude to the
initiative of the Government. The institutions in
themselves will have more or less truth or sincerity
according to the men who are charged to put them in prac-
tice. Were the Pope to grant much more extensive and
wore liberal reforms, they would still depend on the
good or bad inclination of the Administration. The
organization of the Roman States must be taken as it is.
There has never been a question of demanding of the
Pope the establishment of a Constitutional Government,
such as is understood in countries where there is a well-
defined separation between the spiritual and the tem-
poral power. Institutions of that kind are abliolutely
incompatible with the maintenance of the Pontifical
power ; to demand them, would be to ask of the
Pope the annihilation of his own power, and it would
be of no use to have gone to re establish it. It iv,
therefore, necessary in this matter to rely more on
the intentions and on the character of the Sove-
reign Pontiff, and on the choice of his Government,
than on written statutes. As far, however, as re-
gards the amnesty, we cannot help observing that the
French Government is still called on, on this point, to
address representations to the Court of Rome. 'We say
it with that respect which we always wish to observe,
but with a pain which we cannot dissemble, the pre-
tended amnesty has every appearance of being a derision.
The exception is much more general than the rule;
with the categories which are introduced into it, we do
not see what would remain exempt from exemptions,
every one is aranistied except—every one. France has,
by this expedition to Rome, accomplished a task more
than disinterested. We did not go to Rome to make
ourselves, purveyors for the tribunals; and the French
Government has the right to demand that it should not
be made an instrument of vengeance. Would it not be
allowed to appeal from the Pope of 1849 to the Pope of
1846 ? We would not wish for any other arbitrator."
Even the Assembles National, speaking of the
amnesty, says—
" As to the amnesty, we could have wished that it had
been more extended, because questions of humanity are
intelligible to every one, and the heart is always compe-
tent to judge."
The Moniteur du Soir, the organ of the DUFAURE
and DE TOCQUEVILLE party, has the following in its
number of Friday evening :
" The meta proprio of the Pope, and the proclamation
of the Cardinals, are the object of the most varied ap-
preciations on the part of the press of Paris. There is
only one point on which the journals are nearly unani-
mous—the amnesty appears to them insufficient. In
fact, the exceptions are so numerous, that no one can
say to whom the amnesty can apply. In order
that an amnesty should preserve its merits and poli4
tical effect, it should be wide and general. The
exceptions ought to be rare, and guided by the inva-
riable rule of common right. The character of
generality which gives value to grand acts of Go-
vernment of this kind is absolutely wanting to the papal
amnesty. The exceptions are almost all political,
and revive misdemeanours which all bond fide am-
nesties ought to abolish. We are inclined to think that
the Pope has not published his final decision, and that
the sentiments of clemency which are in his heart will
soon be manifested in a wider or more complete manner.
As to the reforms and guarantees which the pontifical
edict concedes, we shall confine ourselves to a single ob-
servation. In the French point of view they aro
evidently insufficient; but it is in the Roman point of
view, above all, that they should be regarded. It is ne-
cessary to know what impression the mote proprio shall
have produced in the states of the Holy See. If we have
again to intervene in the way of counsel in the affairs of
Rome, our support certainly must not ba wanting to the
enlightened and liberal portion of the Roman population,
but it cannot suit us to demand for Rome more liberty
than Rome herself can desire. If, consequently, the
question is brought before the Assembly, as is to be
expected, the first and most important element of the
discussion will be precisely that information which is
wanting in the discussions of the press—viz., to know
how the intelligent and moderate men of Rome judge
the pontifical edict."
On this the National of Saturday thus comments :
" We read in the Moniteur du Soir, which is supposed
to receive the inspirations of M. Dufaure, an article in
which we find the confirmation of all we said above as to
the probable attitude of the Ministry in presence of the
audacious programme of the Court at Gaeta. The
Ministry, without even picking up the pieces of the Pre-
sident's letter so insolently torn up by the holy conclave,
declares with little ceremony that it will feel satisfied for
the injury received: We expected it; it was necessary
that this sad affair of Rome should be complete; it was
necessary that this last sacrifice of honour and dignity
should crown this long series of acts so justly branded
by public opinion with reprobation. The acceptance of
the manifesto with resignation terminates fitly what was
so worthily commenced. But, as the Ministry does not
feel very easy in its conscience, it is not altogether at
ease as to the results of the discussion which must take
place on the subject in the Assembly. And in order tocon-
j ure away this peril, which, however, does not appear to
us very formidable, the following marvellous mode of
escape is imagined. The concessions made by the Pope
are insufficient, it is said, in a French point of view (you
see that no great importance is accorded to the French
point of view); but they must be looked at in the Roman
Reooimnte oafeeveipe
tw them, lf
twh ee ionutgehl ltigneontttoa
stando
wm ooduerrsaetive
ems
menoroef
exacting than they. Such is the incredible reasoning,of
the Ministry. It is at the moment when all the journals
of the reaction, when our diplomatists themselves are
obliged to admit that no moderate party exists at Rome,
that the Government, not knowing what else to do, again
calls up this imaginary party. The organ of M. Du-
taure insinuates, with somewhat too much naiveté, that
all discussions of the Assembly ought to be adjourned
until the opinion of the moderate men of Rome be
known. If, in fact, the Assembly desires never to open
any discussion PR the last complications of the Roman

question, it has only to follow the interested counsel of
the Moniteur du Soir. For there is no probability that
the opinion of a party, which is still to come into ex-
istence, can be ever obtained."
It was rumoured in Paris that the affairs of Rome
were all but settled, as the French Government had
determined to accept the mote proprio of the POPE,
and to withdraw their troops from Rome, on the un-
derstanding that the POPE would, on re-entering his
capital, make the amnesty more extensive. It was
said that Rome would be garrisoned by the Spaniards.
On Saturday morning the intelligence of the noble
refu-al of the SULTAN to give up the Ilungarian re-
fugees, and of the imminent probability of an imme-
diate rupture between Russia and Austria and the
Porte, was received in Paris, and produced an
immense sensation. The accounts received from
Genoa on this subject fully confirm the accounts re-
ceived from Malta, and those accounts were all still
further corroborated by the intelligence received on
Sunday.
The Presse of Sunday, which is generally well in-
formed on all matters in which Russia is concerned,
declares, as certain, that General AUPICK, the French
Ambassador, has demanded of his Government that a
French fleet shall be immediately sent to the Darda-
nelles. The Journal des Dfbats has the following,
under the date of Constantinople, September 17 :
" The audience of conga (leavetaking) of Prince Rad
zivil took place yesterday.
"An ultimatum was yesterday presented by the
Ministers of Russia and Austria. They signified to the
Porte that relations would be broken off on the evening
of the 17th, in case the Divan should persist in its reso-
lution of demanding from the Emperors of Russia and
Austria that the Porte should remain guardians of the
prisoners.
" The dispositions of the Divan do not appear to be
modified by this ultimatum, and, consequently, a rupture
of relations would seem imminent.
" The Ambaisadors of France and England are using
all their efforts to maintain the Porte in these dint)
sitions."
The correspondence of the Constitutionnel, which may
be regarded as semi. official, confirms all the previous
statements, and declares that on the 15th Prince
Ranzivir. had announced his intention of taking his
departure for Odessa on the next day, and M. TITOFF
had officially announced the rupture of all diplomatic
relations between Russia and the Porte. We are
rejoiced to learn from this letter that Sir STRATFORD
CANNING is exfrting himself actively in support of
the SULTAN. The correspondent of the Constitutionnel
says—
"M. Canning supports the Porte with the utmost
warmth. He it is who has driven him to take this
energetic attitude. He is ardently seconded by General
Aupick. Yesterday M. Canning caused an account to
be undo of the forces disposable at this moment in the
barracks of Constantinople and the neighbouring
camps."
The Reforme has the following on the Russian spy
system as hich has been for some time at work in
Western Europe :--
"Russia is at this moment making unheard-of efforts
amongst us to ensure the support of diplomacy and of
opinion; whole legions of spies and of agents are at this
moment at Vienna and Berlin, but especially in Paris.
They are of both sexes, and are to be found in all posi-
tions of life. They mingle in the committee of our
Assembly; they are at the Elyseii; and are by the side of
journalists, even of the democratic party, into whose
' meetings they have found footing. The Russian police
is more insinuating and better instructed than that of our
own M. earlier; it is well known that they have ban
a hand in Bonapartist plots, and in the troubles which
preceded the days of June, and even those very days
since the submission of Hungary, this police is more than
ever active, and henceforward this be no secret to any

oce."
The same system is extended to England. Among
the Members of both Houses of our Legislature,
among our journalists, among Chartists and Re-
pealers, and more especially among the recent im-
portations of priests and Jesuits, are to be found spies
of Russia. The followers of LOYOLA, it will be recol..
lected, found a refuge in Russia when they were ex-
pelled from every every other country. It was from
Russia that they sallied forth in 1815, since which
time they have spread themselves over Europe, but
have always maintained the most intimate relations
with the Empire of the AUTOCRAT' The: effect of
this intelligence was severely felt in the Passage de
1' Opera yesterday. Fives were at one time done so low
as 87f. 90c., but the last price was 88f. 5c., being a
fall of 60c. on the closing quotations at the Bourse
on Saturday.
The Gazette des Ilospitaux says :—" The cholera
is not yet completely at an end, but it remains within
imits which permit us to hope for its speeay ex-
tinction. In the civil hospital on the 26th only nine
new cases were brought in, and on the 27th only six.
The numlk,i• of deaths in the two days was only nine.
In military hospitals only three cases presented
themselves in these two days, two of which terminated
fatally. In -privet. preetiee. the_clea.the eh the 26th
were only eight, and on the 27th only seven."
M. GUSTAVE DE BEAUMONT set out on Saturday
on a special mission to Vienna. M. DE BEAUMONT
accepted this mission solely on the condition that no
attempt should be made to break up the Ministry as
at present constituted, for the purpose of bringing a
MOLE Ministry into power.
BUSINESS Dt4tiE It FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, SEPT. 29.

Central of Franco (Orleans and Vierzon ), 12 Dutch
Rhenish, 1% —l-I,,uen and Havre, 10 Tours and Nantes,
2%.

SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 25th have arrived. They
contain no intelligence.

GERMANY

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

The garrison of Coinorn, on the 21st, definitively
rejected the terms offered them, and declared their
determination to resist to the last. The terms were
the banishment of all the officers, and the confis-
cation of all the property of officers and soldiers.
The Magyar nation are deeply discontented with the
conduct of Austria, and the least encouragement
would produce another outbreak of even a more for-
midable character than the last. _ _

STRAUSS, the celebrated composer and leader, died
at Vienna, on the 24th, of scarlatina.
VIENNA, SEPT. 24.—The important intelligence
has just been received here that the Porte has defi-
nitively refused to deliver up the Hungarian re-
fugees. An article in the Borsenhalle, dated
Constantinople, September 12, not only confirms this
intelligence, but adds, that the PORTE has invoked
the intervention of England and France. KOSSUTH
arrived at Constantinople on the sth of September,
and continued his voyage by a Turkish Government
steamer. A report is in general circulation here
that the POPE has signified his intention of coming
to Vienna for the purpose of consulting with the
EMPEROR on the affairs of Rome. The Grand Duke
of TUSCANY, who is now at Vienna, intends, it is said,
independenty of his conferences on the affairs of
Rome, to demand that the tranquillity of his states
may be secured by Austrian garrisons of a certain
number and for a given epoch. The new loan
goes on admirably; above 10,000,000 florins have
already been subscribed in the capital. The Go-
vernment journals give an official contradiction to the
report that the plague has broken out at Fiume aid
Taieste.

with carrying on the negotiations and settling
the various matters with the native Princes.
The latttr stated, in a conference held on the
14th of July, that the plundering of the
ships which are stranded on their coast, and
which frequently gives rise to the gravest charges,
is a crime which they are anxious by every means to
avert ; wherefore they are ready to give those who
are shipwrecked all possible protection, but on the
condition that they do not quit their vessels until
after having received the said protection ; but if the
crew shall abandon their 'IC ssels before this is done,
which is generally the case, they (the native princes)
will not be answerable for the consequences. The
Netherlands negotiators fully recognise the justice of
the above decision, and have given the necessary in-
structions resulting therefrom. The second subject
treated in this conference was the slave trade,
which was prohibited on the part of the Nether-
lands. Aft.ur lengthened discussions the native
princes gave ,their assent to all the articles, and
the treaty was signed on both sides. All these
important points being so satisfactorily settled,
the Netherlands Commissioners embarked in
the Phenix steamer, and arrived at Batavia on the
26th of July. This third expedition to Bali has,
therefore, been attended with complete success, and
the most satisfactory results have been arrived at. We
have also received the Singapore Courant, but the re-
ports which they bring from the British East Indies
are not very important. They mention the destruc-
tion of the fine vessel the Lowjee Family, which was
burnt in the roads of Bombay by incendiaries. It was
insured for 80,000 rupees. They also speak much of
the unhealthy state of Moultan, which proves very
fatal to the English army. The number of tigers in-
creases fearfully in the environs of Singapore, and it is
stated that since the commencement a this year no
less than 4,000 Chinese have fallen a prey to these
wild beasts.

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.
COPENHAGEN, SEPT. 25.—The official journal
announces the appointment of the King's Chamber-
lain, M. H. VON ROSENORN, to the office of Minister
of the Interior ; the abolition of the Chancery of
Schleswig Holstein Lanenberg, the business of which
is henceforth to be conducted by the Ministerial Pre-
sident, A. W. MoLLKE; and the union of the Trea-
sury and Public Debt, under the name of Chief
Financial Treasury.
ALTONA, SEPT. 25.—We have just received intel-
ligence by the mail train from Tonning, that the
citiaens have succeeded in making themselves masters
of the public Treasury chest, which they carried off
to Rendsburg without the interference of the military.
The island of Fehrmann has been evacuated by the
German troops, and its former garrison has marched
to Ditmarsch. The Danes have made reiterated
demands for the evacuation of Friulrichsort, but it is
still held by the German troops.
The opposition to the carrying out of the conditions
of the armistice begins to be more strongly mani-
fested, and there is a general demur to pay the taxes.
lIAMBURGH, SEPT. 26.—We have received official
intelligence from Berlin, that the Minister of Public
Works has issued an order for the opening of the
Electro-Magnetic Telegraph on the Hamburg-Berlin
line, for the use of the public, on the Ist of Oct.

TURKEY.

RUPTURE OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

WITH RUSSIA.

The Sultan ABDUL MESCHID, supported by Sir
STRATFORD CANNING, and by General AUPICK, has
remained firm in his refusal to deliver up the Hunga-
rian refugees to Russia, and the consequence is,
that Russia has broken off all diplomatic relations
with the Porte. It appears that the Russian Am-
bassador Extraordinary, Prince RADZIVIL, besides
having the mission of announcing to the Porte the
termination of the Hungarian war, was bearer of an
autograph letter from the CZAR to the SULTAN, and
of a memorandum from Count NESSELRODE, in which
the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh, after reminding the
Porte of the services rendered by it to Turkey
in delivering her from the grave dangers to which
she was exposed in consequence of the
Hungarian insurrection, demanded the extra-
dition of all_ the Hungarian and Polish re-
fugees at present imprisoned at Widdin. The
Divan replied in the negative, but intimated an in-
tention of sending FUAD EFFENDI as Ambassador to
the Emperor of Russia, to explain the cause of the
refusal. This did not satisfy the Russian and Aus-
trian Ambassadors, who presented to the Divan an
ultimatum, giving to the Porte until four o'clock in
the afternoon of the following day to make a reply.
The ultimatum was returned immediately, with an
intimation that the SULTAN had nothing to add to his
former reply, whereupon M. TITOFF declared that
all further diplomatic relations with the Ministers of
the SULTAN were broken off. The following is the
article of the treaty on which :Russia bases her de-
mand for the extradition of the Hungarian refugees :
" TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND
THE OTTOMAN PORTE, SIGNED AT KUT-
CHUCK, KARMASSI, ON THE 21sT OF JULY,
1774. _ _ . .

" Art 2. If, after the conclusion of this peace, and the
exchange of ratifications, any subjects of the two em-
pires who may may have committed capital crimes, or
have been guilty of disobedience or treason, shall seek
an asylum with one of the two Powers, they shall not be
received by it under any pretext whatever, but shall be
delivered up on the instant, or at least driven out of the
states of the power where they hare taken refuge, in
order that such malefactors may not occasion any cool.
ness of friendship or any useless disputes between the
two empires, excepting only those persons who shall
embrace the Christian religion in the empire of Russia
or the Mahometan religion in the Ottoman empire. In
like manner, if any of the subjects of the two empires, as
well Christian as Mahometan, having committed any
crime or misdemeanour for any motive whatever, should
pass from one to the one, empire to the other, they shall
be at once delivered up when claimed."
It is evident that the above article gives the Em-
peror of RUSSIA no right to demand the extradition
of the Hungarian refugees. They could not have
been guilty of treason against him, inasmuch as
Hungary never having formed part of the Russian
dominions, they cannot by possibility be considered
as Russian subjects. Prince RADZIVIL has not
hesitated to say openly, that it is the intention of the
CZAR to have every one of the Polish 4nd Hungarian
fugitives now in Turkey hanged the instant they
fall into his hands ; and after this unblushing
avowal he has the hardihood to insist upon the
extradition of his intended victims. The whole
Turkish nation protests against being made parti-
cipators in such a murderous policy. The Grand
Council with one voice have determined to resist
the demands of Russia and to defy her threats. The
SULTAN has approved of their resolution, and in
this his MAJESTY is supported by the SELEIK-UL-
ISLAEM, or chief of the religion, and the whole corps
of Ulemas. The SHEIK- UL-ISLAEM said that to give
up these poor refugees would be a violation of one of
the first principles of the Mussulman religion, which
ordains that the followers of MAUOMET shall give
hospitality and protection to all who are in misfortune
without distinction of creed or country.

all in their power to maintain the Porte in its dis.

positions.
" M. KOSSUTH and General BEAT are still at

Widdin.

" It is said that the EF.glish and French Ambas-
sadors at Constantinople have demanded the presence
of the fleets of their respective nations in the Dar-
danelles."

KOSSUTH and his companions are treated by the
Turkish authorities with the greatest respect; they
are, it is said, to be immediately transferred to
Constantinople, from whence they will at once pro•
teed to England.
The Impartial of Smyrna has the following :

" Serious disturbances have taken place at Samos. A
part of the inhabitants, impelled, it is said, by foreign
instigators, rose and demanded certain changes in the
Government, but of the nature or extent of their de•
mands we have no &tails. 'We are in hourly expecta-
tion of receiving an express with all particulars. We
hope that there is much exaggeration in the reports
which are in circulation, and that the dictates of reason
will suffice to bring back the rioters to their duty."
A postscript to the above states that four Turkish
vessels of war having arrived at Samos, the insur-
gents, who had shut themselves up in a monastery,
had offered to surrender.