The Sun.
London, England, 1849-01-31 00:00:00

cleansing, as adopted by the national Philanthropic As-
sociation, which association have given constant employ-
ment to 36 poor men as " street orderlies." A vote of
thanks having been passed to The Sun, and other news-
papers, for its advocacy of the cause of the poor, the
meeting, which was well attended, separated.
We learn that a house in Liverpool has received a
large consignment of English copper inoney from the
United States, the coin, taken out by emigrants, having
accumulated there throughout many years till it became
of sufficient bulk to be worth sending home.

EMIGUATION FE,OM PLYMOUTII.—JAN. 29.—There
are 550 emigrants in the depot, waiting for the arrival of
the following ships :—The Amagrenice, Susannah, Age.
noria, and British Empire. The depot is quite lull with
this number, and preprations are being made for the
enlargement of the establishment, so as to accommodate
1,200 persons. The Pemberton, Captain Richardson,
sailed to-day, with 355 Irish females for Port Philip,
under the care of Dr. Sullivan, a gentleman who is wall
known in the emigration department. The William
Hyde sailed to-day for Port Adelaide and Port Philip.
She is a private ship, and belongs to Messrs. Marshall
and Edridge. The Stebonheath is expected to sail to-
morrow for Port Philip, wijh 300 emigrants on board.
The next ship to sail is the Inconstant, Capt. CelLinton,
with 206 emigrants for Port Philip. Mr. Parker, the
late Poor-law Commissioner, whose name was recently
mentioned in connexion with the Andover union, em-
barked in the William Hyde for Port Philip.
A 40GZE DETECTED.—An impudent Cornish
beggar lately blackened his face and hands. and success-
fully appealed to the sympathies of several householders
of St. Austell as a distressed and deserving negro; but,
unluckily for himself, he fereot he had a hole in his
trovveers. A gentleman, whose eyes were keener than
those of his neighbours, at last noticed that the beggar's
legs differed in colour from his face; and the consequence
was that he was apprehended, and afterwards committed
to Bodmin gaol for three mouths.
We are informed that the French Post office have
definitively made the arrangement with the Boulogne
and Ainiens Company which we mentioned on the 23d
instant, for the conveyance of the quick mail between
London and Paris, via Boulogne, even although Calais
is for a time to be the packet port. It also appears that
the plan for our steamers to run between Dover and
Calais is to extend only over four months of the year
—namely, from the 15th of November to the 15th of
March, and that during the remaining eight months
the existing route is to be resumed. So that the
change, which is to come into operation on Thursday,
will not continue in the present instance more than six
weeks. .

CLEANLINESS AND VENTILATION versus CHOLERA
OR OTHER PESTILENCE.—History informs us that pesti-
lence, the scourge of society, has prevailed frequent)),
and virulently in ages, countries, and even special dis-
tricts, in which cleanliness and the proper ventilation of
houses have been little considered. Without entering
on the various theories respecting the exciting causes of
pestilential disease, a little research will afford sufficient
proof' that want of cleanliness has been a principal cause
of their aggravation and rapid diffusion. It we read the
account of our own metropolis during the last calamitous -
vititatien of the plague in 1665, and compare it with its
present state, we may convince ourselves that our pre-
scnt from the recurrence of such an evil is
secured to us on better grounds than those of precau-
done)). laws of quarantine. At that period, in the
history of that vast city, the streets were narrow, the
houses projected in the upper story, and the spaces be-
tween them crowded with large signs hung across, thus
checking the free circulation of air, essentially neces-
sary for the health of the inhabitants. To the miasma
constantly engendered and rising from open drains and
neglected sewers, were added those caused by the fer-
mentation of heaps of rubbish ejected from every house,
and which the indolent inhabitants could scarcely be
compelled to remove. Nature has provided means of
carrying off impure-air, and replacing it with such as is
suited to animal 'respiration ; but here its intentions
were'defeated both by the construction of the buildings
and the habits of the people. Drainage as well as ven•
tilation of the buildings was at one time totally disre-
garded, and the result was a perpetual recurrence of
fevers.— The Builder.

LUXURIES IN PRISON.—On Saturday an inquest
was held at the Mi!thank prison, on the body of Sylvanus
Ruden, aged 17, a framework knitter, of Nottingham.
The deceased, it appeared, was received into the above
prison on the Ist of February, 1848, having been con-
victed at Nottingham of stealing a piece of linen, and
sentenced to seven years' transportation. He had been
in prison eight times previously. His death took place
in •the infirmary on the 25th instant, the cause being
pulmonarpeonsumption. In reply to a question from a
juror, it was stated by Dr. Baly, the physician, that the
deceased during his illness had everything that he wished
for: • Amongst other things he had wine, brandy, tea,
oysters, oranges, isinglaSs, jelly, puddings, mackerel, and
eggs. Verdict—" Natural death."
FOREIGN CORN.—A cargo of new foreign wheat
having recently been imported into one of the outports,
whicti was found; on being landed and housed in bond, to
be rapidly deteriorating in condition and quality, so much
so as to render it probable it would become useless as an
article of food, the owner purchased a cargo of dry wheat,
and requested the privilege of mixing it, after landing it
from the vessel and delivering it into granary, with the
raw wheat, so as to preserve it from decay. Application
having therefore been made to the authorities in London
to be allowed to mix in • bond the two cargoes of wheat,
one being raw and fast deteriorating, and the other kiln-
dried, they have, in order to save the destruction of so
large a quantity of food, allowed them to be so mi4ed, on
condition that . all claim for all owance for waste, be
abandoned.
MORE TROOPS FOR INDIA.—The East India Com-
pany have, it is understood, applied to the Government
for three regimetits in addition to those which have just
embarked for India. Should their request be acceded
to, a force, amounting t 0.6,006 rank and file, will embark
for India during this year, the entire cost of maintaining
which will be borne by the company.
THE MONUMENT TO PICTON. The ridiculous
monument erected at Carmarthen to the memory of
Picton is at last completed. It is a clumsy, dispropor-
tioned pyramid, manifesting by the rapid tapering of the
shaft that the cash of the managers was exhausted, or
that the builder was tired of his job. At the base run
out four promontories, from each of which a large can-
not), with feeble carriage, frowns on passengers as they
approach—what they may mistake for the chimney of a
manufactory. It is to be hoped that this monument of
the bad management of the projectors will be a beacon
to warn persons against altering what they are not
quite sure of mending.—Cambrian.
THEATRE^ROYAL, NORWICH.—The performances
at this place of amusement on Thursday last were under
the patronage of the officers of the 16th Lancers. The
Merchant of Venice was performed, with other enter-
tainments, and went off well. There was some excellent
music performed by the band of the regiment. The
house was crowded.

EDINBURGH TaTEATRE.—Mr. R. L. Shiel's cele-
brated play of Evadne, which has not been performed
here since the days of Miss O'Neill, was produced on
Thursday. Miss Faucit's representation of Evadne was
replete with exquisite tenderness and lively expression
of love and sorrow, and 'evoked the sympathies of all
who witnessed it. At the conclusion of the play Miss
Feucit was called for, and received the reward her per-
formances so well merited.

SUDDEN DEATH OF A MEMBER OF THE UM
VERSITY —Yesterday morning, at nine o'clock, an in-
quest was held by Mr. Cooper, coroner for the borough,
at the Little Rose, Trumpington-street, on the body of
Mr. William Gasson, of Christ's College, who was found
dead in bed on Monday morning. The deceased gentle-
man was twenty-nine years of age, and had just taken
an mgrotat degree on Saturday last. It appeared from
the evidence of Mr. Johnson. surgeon, who made a post
nioacm examination, that the cause of death was en-
largement of the heart, producing an obstruction in the
valves in the left ventricle. It seems that the deceased,
who lodged at Mrs. Rudd's, near Addenbrooke's Hos-
pital, had been in precarious health, and was occasion•
ally attended by Mr. Johnson during the whole of his
University course. He had likewise consulted some of
the metropolitan members of the medical profession.
On Sunday, however, he was able to attend church, and
at half.past ten o'clock on Sunday night he retired to
rest in much his usual state. On Monday morning one
of the members of Mrs. Rudd's family rapped at his
door, and receiving no answer, entered and found that
the deceased bad been dead some hours. This event,
though so awfully sadden, was not unexpected by Mr.
Johnson, who, however, thinks that it may have been
accelerated in some measure by the natural excitement
consequent on ttkiug his degree. The Rev. James
Cartmell, fellow and tutor of Christ's College, attended
the inquest. The jury returned a verdict of "Natural
death. '—eambridge Advertiser.
WHAT WAS A POUND IN A.D. )000?—In Alsace,
at the end of the tenth century, the common money for
current purposes was the pfennig. It was of copper,
and sixty of them weighed exactly one mare, or half a
pound avoirdupois, or 120 of them were a pound weight.
The price of a sheffel or bushel of wheat, weighing
sixty pounds, or the same nearly as our English bushel,
was seven of these pfennigs. Copper, probably, bore a
'higher value in proportion to silver than it does in the
present day ; or the bushel of wheat was sold for less
than a penny farthing. About two hundred and fifty
ye ars later, in the same country, the same measure of
wheat was sold at twenty-four ptennigs, or about three-
pence farthing. It appears by the accounts preserved in
the cathedral of Strasburg that the wages paid to the
masons employed in the erection of that edifice was
from ono and a half to two of these pfennigs. At the
building of the great bridge at Dresden, in the thirteenth
century, the labourers were paid two pfennigs daily ;
and, according to some fragment of mining accounts of
Tillot and Chateau Lambert, the operative miners re-
ceived no more than two pfennigs.—Jacob on the Pre-
cious Metals.

EVILS or SHORT LEASES.—In consequence of
the good title of all building land in France, and every
other country I know but England, house property,
being freehold, ranks first in the list of securities for
capital. It is quite the reverse in London. Look at
the many mouldering carcases, fit tor nothing but to
pull down, standing on the Crown and City lands, New
Oxford-street, Holborn, &c. &c., taxed with a ground-
rent of ruinous extent, and a lease so short that no
honest or calculating man would have anything to do
with them.—Correspondent of The Builder.
The llon. Francis Scott, M.P., and Mr. Logan, of
New South Wales, had an interview yesterday with Sir
Charles Trevelyan, at the Treasury.
VIENNA.—The Austrian army, which now consists
of 500,000 men, is composed as follows: 358,122 in-
fantry, 64.524 cavalry, 31,815 artillery, 40,000 baggage
men, and 5.539 marine troops. This poweriul army is
to he increased to 700,000 men in March next. Italy
and Hungary are to contribute an important quota.
An apothecary at Salem has written over his door,
" All hinds of dying sluts sold here."

LITERATURE.

PEREGRINE SCRAMBLE; or, Thirty Years
Adventures of a Blue Jacket. By Captain Sir 11.
V. Huntley, R.N. 2 Vols. . .

There are fe w species of literature in which truth
and fiction may be combined in a more adroit and in-
teresting manner than in the nautical novel. It
introduces us to scenes totally at variance with
those to which we are accustomed, while at the same
time those scenes are invested with an air of reality
which is infinitely more attractive than the improba-
bilities of romance. " Peregrine Scramble"—the
adventures of a sailor, written by a sailor—is ren-
dered peculiarly fascinating by its evident truthful-
ness. Most probably the actual events here narrated
never really transpired, but they are for the most
part samples of incidents that may, and perhaps do,
chequer the career of many a "Blue Jacket" simi-
larly situated to Peregrine Scramble. We do not
propose to follow the fortunes of the hero from the
time of his first donning the blue jacket until
the close of the second volume of his
history, which, by the bye, leaves him with a "tale
half-told." We must here content ourselves with
commending this narrative of his adventures to those
who, " living at home at ease," yet, in opposition to the
asssertion of the old song, love to think upon " the
perils of the seas:' The interest of " Peregrine
Scramble" is not occasioned by an intricate plot, its
chief attraction consists in the natural manner in
which a variety of interesting anecdotes and ad-
ventures are set forth. Mingled with graver matters
relating to some of the naval engagements which have
taken place v. ifliu thirty years, are amusing relations
of the troubles and perplexities of the individual
Peregrine. Although more than usually fortunate
on some occasions, and conspicuous for his gallantry
and good conduct, the young "middy" is by no means
exempt from disappointments. On one occasion, for
instance, being in command of a schooner serving as
a `` tender" to his ship the Splendid, then form-
ing one of a squadron waiting in hourly ex-
pectation of some engagement, Peregrine
is elated by a summons to the flag-ship. He obeys
it with alacrity, believing that some perilous and
glorious service is about to be required of him. The
little vessel is soon alongside, and its ambitious com-
mander stands on the deck of the admiral's ship, and
receives orders to take on board
.so many'quarters of
beef, and " to go to the ships named on the list, give
each a certain proportion, and then return to the
Splendid with the remainder. The mortification of
the would-be hero may be imagined. Towards the
close of these adventures we find Peregrine on board
the " Northumberland during the passage of Napo-
leon to St. Helena. Of the captive Emperor very
little is said, and that little had been better left un-
said. For example, Napoleon is described as
" cold as the bronze figure which so often'
represents him," when during that very voyage
it was that he bade farewell to the distant
shores of France with an emotion which drew tears
from those who witnessed it, and the bare narrative of
we are told,
i which affects all who peruse it. Again,
that Napoleon asked a sailor if he had ever seen him
before, and because that sailor happened to reply,
" Yes, General, I saw you on your return from
Russia," the fallen Emperor scowled, turned on his
heel, and " never addressed any of us again, at least
while be remained on board whereas Alison (no
very great panegyrist of Napoleon) tells us that,
" both during the voyage out and while on board the
Bellerophon, the charm of his conversation and
fascination of his manner, won the hearts of the
sailors, as the acuteness of his remarks and depth of
his reflections excited the admiration of the officers."
Nevertheless, Captain Sir H. Huntley's narrative
constitutes a valuable addition to the stock of popular
nautical novels, and will prove an agreeable acquisi-
tion to the general reader.

MEMOIRS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF
VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. Edited by
his Brother, the Marquis of Londonderry. Vols. 1.,

IL, 111., IV.
Lord Londonderry has here undertaken a task
which he evidently considers no less_ a pleasure than a
duty, and he has executed it in a manner that does
honour to his brother's abilities and to his own fra-
ternal affection. It is unnecessary for us to say that
our estimate of the political conduct of Lord Castle-
reagh differs from that of the Marquis of London-
derry. However, it is not our purpose here to criti-
cise Lord Castlereagh, but to comment upon the
valuable work now presented to the public by Lord-
Londonderry—a work which makes its appearance at
a most singular time—a work which tells us of Castle-
reagh, "the determined enemy of what was called
Reform" (we quote Lord Londonderry) at a time when
the principles he fought against are almost universally
triumphant—a work wherein it is boasted that " Lord
Castlereagh found Napoleon the muster of Europe,
from the gates of Paris to the banks of the
Niemen, and he left him at St. Helena, a captive
and exile in the midst of the Atlantic," at a time
when the heir of that same captive reigns paramount
within the gates of Paris. Nevertheless, whether
from these peculiar circumstances we regard the
publication as peculiarly well-timed or peculiarly
ill-timed, there can be no question as to the
value of the work itself. A biography of
any ; statesman, more especially of one so much
eulogised and so much execrated as was Lord Castle-
reagh, will almost inevitably encounter animadversion
or admiration, acording to the political prejudices of
the reader; but this work is something better than a
biography, and friends and foes will peruse it with
interest. The political letters written or received by
Lord Castlereagh are here collected and published.
" I feel assured," observes the Noble Editor, " that
these volumes will be hailed by History as no ordinary
offering, and on this point I am gratified to have my
opinion corroborated by that of a competent judge,
my friend Alison, to whose inspection I submitted
the manuscript." The following is Ason's corrobo-
ration :—" I cannot," he says, " adequately express
the gratification and interest which these papers, one
and all, have afforded me. I consider them as in-
valuable materials fer history, of which I hope in
future largely to avail myself." The first volume of
the series contains documents relating to "The Irish
Rebellion." The second those referring to " Ar-
rangements for a Union." Vol. 111. tells of
the " Completion Of the Legislative Union,"
and Vol. IV. of " Concessions to Catholics and Dis-
senters," and "Emmett's Insurrection." The four
volumes contain about eight hundred letters and
various documents, heads of dispatches, minutes of
cabinet councils, correspondence between the
King and ministers, besides appendices and notes.
For the light [which they throw upon the pro-
gress and development of some most important
measures these volumes are as valuable as they are
interesting, while, it is hardly necessary to say, con-
sidering the subject of the memoirs, that the political
opinions therein expressed must be received cum
grano. salis. Lord Londonderry's " Letter to Lord
Brougham," in reply to the life of Lord Castlereagh,
contained in the "Sketches of the Statesmen of the
reign of George III.," and letters addressed to the
Noble Marquis in reference to that epistle, and in
corroboration of his defence of his brother's political
character by Lord Ripon, Sir Robert Peel, Lord Wel-
lesly, Lord Aberdeen, Mr. Disraeli, Sir James Graham,
and others, are appended to the memoir of Lord
Castlereagh contained in the first of these volumes.
The following is Sir Robert Peel's testimony to the
abilities of Lord Castlereagh :--
" I doubt," says the Right Hon. Baronet, " whether
any public man (with the exception of the Duke of
Wellington) who has appeared within the last half
century possessed that combination of qualities, intellec-
tual and moral, which would have enabled him to effect,
under the same circumstances, what Lord Castlereagh
did effect in regard to the Union with Ireland, and to
the great political transactions of 1813, 'l4, and 'l5. To
do these things required a rare union of high and gene-
rous feelings, courteous and prepossesing manners, a
warm heart and a cool head, great temper, great in-
dustry, great fortitude, great courage, moral and per-
ssonal, that command and influence which makes other
men willing instruments, and all these qualities combined
with the disdain for low objects of ambition, and with
spotless integrity. It is not flattering to say your bro-
ther had these qualifications."

As a contrast to this couleur de rose portrait, here is
an outline of Lord Castlereagh's political opinions, as
drawn by his brother's pen :

" He was the determined enemy of what was called
Reform of Parliament, and of all new-fangled schemes
for upsetting, under the fraudulent pretence of recon-
structing, the English Constitution; he knew well what
England bad done without that reform, and he foresaw
(again prophetically) what she might be driven to under
the proposed changes. He always maintained that, in
a representative Government, the preponderance of pro-
perty and high station was more conducive to order and
general prosperity than that of mob orators or needy
adventurers. He thought that a certain number of
nomination boroughs were far less perilous than double
the number of corrupt constituencies; that legislative
measures were more likely to prove good and advan-
tageous in the hands of those who bad a stake in the
country than of those who had none. Ile was no friend
to a system which was to be directed by men who had
no other influence than what they could acquire by pan-
dering to the low interests and lower passions of a mis-
guided rabble. Ile knew that the Government of this
country could be safely and successfully conducted only
by an administration which enjoyed the decided and
unequivocal confidence of Parliament and the Sovereign;
and he would not lend his hand to hasten the day when
the two I-louses of Parliament would necessarily be
placed in a state of perpetual variance on questions of
vital moment to the stability and repose of the empire.
Such were, I well know, the general bearings of his
comprehensive mind."

The first volume contains an engraving of Sir
Thomas Lawrence's portrait of Lord Castlereagh.
Differing as we do from the opinions, of
of Londonderry—opinions which he occasionally sets
forth in the most' authorative manner, as when he
says that the Duke the Marquis
by the entire world, not only as the first commander
" is acknowledged
of the age, but
.Iso.fo one of, the §tatesmen"---
of Wellington