The Sun.
London, England, 1825-03-11 00:00:00

INDIA.

a Private Letter, dated Madras,
Oct. 9, ] 824 :-
r We have now five European and twelve Na-
ti Regiments on Foreign Service, three of the
tner and ten of the latter at Rangoon, and two
r the former and two of the latter at Chittagong.
nit', "se preparations are making in Bengal for
mnieneing the war when the rains are over. Sir
.PA
GET goes in person, via Chittagong. At

Rangoon they are still very unhealthy, and
much dissatisfied. An expedition of H. M. 89th
ltegt. and 7th Native Infantry had sailed under
Col. MILES for Mergni and the Ports to the South-
ward, and where I suppose they will meet with
little or no resistance.

We have had a most unhealthy season here,
and the deaths are very numerous, and many of
them awfully sudden.

We have just been dispatching our Na pore
force to relieve our friends the Bengalees, who

gave it up with much reluctance.
Lieut.-Col. Mc. Dowall commands.
Capt. Hunter, Assistant Adjutant-General.
- Steele, Assistant Quartermaster-General.
Crokat, Paymaster.
- Pace, Persian Interpreter.
- Polwliele, Commissary of Stores.

FORCE.
1 Troop Horse Artillery.
8 Regiments Light Cavalry.
2 Companies of Artillery.
2 European Regiments.
Rifle Corps—Native Infantry.
2 Battalions of Ditto.

The Kulladghee force has been sent on to
Shaolapoor to relieve the Bombay troops, going
to Asseerghur and Mhou.

The Paris Papers of Tuesday are almost en-
tirely filled with debates on the Law of Indem-
nity. The Moniteur quotes from the Journal des
Debuts the articles relative to the amnesty said to
have been proposed by the King of SPAIN, which
we published yesterday. The following are ex-
tracts from the Etal.:—

" PARIS, MARC:I 1.
" The Journal du Commerce reports, after a letter from
Bremen inserted in the Constitutionnel two days ago, and which
evidently comes from Paris, that the Cabinet of S; Petersburgh
has replied to the communication made by Mr. Stratford Can-
ning on the part of England, that Russia would act according
to her own views and interests, with respect to the affairs of the
East, in the same manner as England had acted, according to
its own peculiar interests, with respect to South America.
" We are well aware of the degree of confidence which the
correspondence of the C'onstitutionnel merits, especially with
regard to Russia : witness a certain famous proclamation which
it ascribed to the Emperor, and which was a base fabrication.
Its correspondence at present is not more correct. The conduct
of Russia for many years past proves, that it acts only accord-
ing to general interests, and in concert with its allies. What-
ever answer it may have given, we do not doubt but that it is
conformable to the principles which have uniformly guided its
policy for these ten years past."
FRF.NCIT FUNDS.—Parrs, MARCIE B.—Jouiss. of the 22d
of Sept. closed on the sth of March, at 106 f. 15c. ; Jouiss. of
the 22d of March opened at 103 f. 75c., closed at 103 f. 40c. ;
—Bank Stock, 2,osof.—Neapolitan 5 per Cents, Certificate
Falconnet, Olf. 35c.—Rente d'Espagne, 20}f—Royal Spanish
Loan, 11123, 59g.—Exchange on London, One Month, 25f.;
three ditto, 24f. 85c.—(Cours Authentique.)

The Dutch Papers received this morning are
chiefly filled with the lists of subscriptions for
the sufferers by the late floods.
AMSTERDAM, Mancn B.—Exchange on London, n. 9.
Two months, 39. 7.

The Nuremberg Correspondent of the 3d inst.
gives, under the authority of a letter from Pera, the following
particulars of the plan of the Turkish campaign to be under-
taken in the spring against the Greeks, for the execution of
which preparations are now making. According to this plan
the Porte will employ no less than four armies to subdue the
Morea and the continent of Greece. The first of the to
armies is to consist of the troops assembled along the
Asiatic coast, and will be conveyed from thence to the Pel,)-
ponnesus in European transports, escorted by the Turkish
fleet. The Capitan Pacha, it is said, will not take the
chief command of this fleet, in order to avoid all misun-
derstanding with Ibrahim Pacha, to whom the supreme
direction of the entire expedition against the Greeks will be
confided, and this in conformity with a Finnan of the Sultan
long ago addressed to Ibrahim Pacha, and which is now to be
renewed. The second army, under the command of Ibrahim
in person, is to consist of the Egyptian troops, and to land in
the Mores. The third and most numerous army is to be orga-
nized by Rechib Pacha at Larissa, and to consist ot'all the troops
that catrbe spared in Rumelia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, and on the
Danube. A part of the garrison of Constantinople is to join
this army, the nucleus of which will be formed of the troops
now in Thessaly, which made the last campaign under Dervisch
Pacha. The fourth army, which is intended to co-ope-
rate with the first, is to consist entirely of Albanian troops,
for which purpose negociations are now carrying on with
the Albanian Chiefs. This latter army, to be commanded
by the Pacha of Scutari, will advance to Etolia, while
Rechib Pacha penetrates into Livadia. After the subjec.
tion of these two Provinces, all these troops are to be conveyed
to the Mores. In this plan of the campaign, which certainly
seems to have much to recommend it, neither the Greek naval
force, nor the Greek army, is taken into the account. The
Greeks are no more afraid of the Pacha of Scutari than of the
Capitan Bey. They hope to be a match for Rechib and Ibra-
him, who cannot co-operate with each other.

Brussels Papers of Wednesday reached us last
night. The Session of the States-General closed on Friday
ast. The Royal Speech was read by the Minister of the In-
terior. It congratulated the Chamber, generally, on the state
of the country, and on their legislative labours, and expressed
the deepest regret at the melancholy consequences of the late
inundations. It is stated that the KING had in a great mea-
sure recovered from his indisposition.

The Coronation of tl►e King of FRANCE is
postponed to the 15th of May.
The King of the NETHERLANDS has concluded
two Treaties relative to the demarcation of the
frontiers—one with France, the other with Ha-
nover.

A private letter from Naples of the 91 s t Feb.
states, that His Neapolitan Majesty has demand-
ed that the Austrian Army of Occupation may
be withdrawn from his kingdom, declaring that
he is desirous of confiding the protection of his
subjects. It will
throne and his rights to his own
be recollected, that this Monarch has always
shewn a repugnance to the occupation.
The Ann arrived at Liverpool on Wednesday
last from Maranham ; sailed the 22d of January.
All was tranquil at that date.

We have authority to state that the SPEAKER'S
Parliamentary Levees will not take place this Session, in conse-
quence of the death of a near relation.

OFFICIAL REPORT OS THE STATE
OF GREECE.

Four years have passed away since the Greeks
began the war of Independence; their enemy has been discom-
fited wherever he has appeared. They began this struggle for
freedom, for the most part, with the rudest weapons of warfare.
They are now in possession of arsenals, and have possessed
Viemselves of the important parts of the country, r•hich they
have gained by their courage from the worn-out despotism of
-their old masters. Prodigies of valour, not often exhibited even
among nations the most advanced in Civilisation and the most
perfect in the art of war, have signalised the triumphant strug=
;le of this nation, to whom their oppressors had even forbidden
the use of- arms. Their continual successes—the distinction
they have gained in the career of military glory—the determi-
nation they have manifested to deliver themselves from the ty-
ranny that bowed them to the earth—the manly and successful
resistance they have made to this tyranny—all concur to demon-

;trate that it must be a vain attempt ever to bring them again
u•:der t!ae 'Turkish yoke.

' The explanation, however, of the true cause which led to
the astonishing and unexpected results of which we have
.just
spoken, may prove still more decidedly the impossibility that
that the Turkish banners should ever again wave over the
plains of Greece. A hatred of the Mussulman power worked
in the heart of the Greeks for centuries ; the recollections of
the ancient glory of the Hellenists, and the vexatious proceed-
ings of the Ottoman Government, had made this unfortunate
people at length resolve to rescue themselves from the igno-
minious bondage which had so long stained their lineage and
disgraced their name. From that moment all the population
were committed, not only with respect to the ussulman Go-
vernment, hut every individual Turk. The Greeks of all
classes have long felt that they Mitsreither triumph or be ex-
terminated. Now, as it is impossible to destroy a whole people,
the Greeks have succeeded, and will succeed to the end.
Besides, the great resources with the Ottoman empire com-
manded, anti which gave the Turks their immense superiority
at the beginning of this struggle, have all been successively call.
ed forth and exhausted in the different attempts they have made
during the four campaigns against the independence of Greece.
All these eflbrts have been hi, vain.
In 1821 the Sultan brought forward all his disposable forces;
but, harassed on all sides, they were obliged, at the commence-
ment of winter, to evacuate the redeemed territory of the tri-
umphant Greeks. In 1822, instructed by misfortune, the Divan
combined their sea and land forces ; and profiting, at the
same time, by the rich spoils of the famous Ali-Pacha of Ja-
nina, they were able to place at the disposal of their most
skilful General Chourschid-Pacha, a considerable army, which
began its operations on a plan devised by some apostate Chris-
tians to reduce Greece. The naval forces cruised round the
coasts, ready to favour the operations on land. The design was
to strike terror by some powerful blow, or by several simultaneous
and well-combined attacks; and as soon as consternation should
be infused into the Greeks, to offer them an amnesty, anti thus
at once stifle the insurrection. In pursuance of this scheme,
besides several bodies of troops who were marching in other di-
rections, an army of 32,000 men penetrated into the Pelopon-
nessus, and a body of 8,000 troops landed at Patras joined them.
All is over with Greece, was the cry even of its friends. In a
few days, however, the Greeks in the memorable battles of
Argos and St. George's, slew the greater part of that army ; the
affeir of Acrata destroyed the remainder, and riot a man of
those 40,000 Turks returned out of Peloponnessus. An Alba-
nian army of nearly 18,000 men, under the command of the
skilful and brave Albanian, Omar Vrioni, penetrated into
Etolia, and besieged 3lissolonghi. Of all that army, the flower
of Lower and Leases Albania, 3,000 men only regained Epirus.
On the other hand, the vessels of war belonging to the Archi-
pelago blew up two Turkish flag-ships, and destroyed several
vessels in the canal of Scio and in the port of Tenedos ; they
have proved that it is not masses of wood, but men, that gain
naval victories. The Government expresses itself in the fol-
lowing manner in its solemn declaration at the congress of
Astros on the results of this campaign :—" Of the neunerous
hordes gathered into masses front Europe, Asia, and Africa,
main to subjugate Greece, more than 80.000 have, thanks to
the courage of our armies, perished on the soil they came to
drench with blood."
In 1823 the Porte turned their eyes upon Mustaplia, Pacha
of Seodra, in Upper Albania. The Albanians are reckoned
the best troops of the Turkish Empire ; the Scodrians are the
bravest and most warlike of all the Albanians. Among seve-
ral tribes of the Scodrians, even the women in their journeys go
armed' with pistols at their girdles. illustapha Pacha justified
the choice of the :Sultan by his courage and perseverance. flow-
ever tremendous the nocturnal attack of the immortal Marcos
Botzaris (an attack equal, perhaps superior, to that of Leoni-
das at Thermopylte),that intrepid Albanian continued his march
upon 3lissolonghi, an enterprise which every other Mussul-
man would have abandoned. The prayers of ell the officers of
his Staff beseeching him, as they saw his army wasting every
day, to raise the siege, did not shake his firmness. All his ef-
forts, however, only brought on the destruction of more than

two-thirds cf his army; the remainder returned to their country
in a deplorable condition. The Porte, seeing, on one hand
the two most skilful and influential Albanian Chiefs, placed
as it were hors de combat, and on the other all the Eu-
ropean forces exhausted in useless endeavours, turned their
views, in 1824, towards Egypt, and succeeded in engaging the
Pacha in their struggle against the Greeks. Asia was also re-
quired to contribute according to its means. The regular army
of Al ehemed Ali Pacha, to the number of about 15,000 men,
and 300 sail of vessels, composed of the forces of Egypt and
Barbary, joined to European transports, set sail from Alexan-
dria, under the command of Ibrahim Pacha. The Capitan
Pacha himself had already entered the Archipelago with more
than 200 sail. The Asiatic army was assembled on the coast
opposite Samos, and ready to be embarked • another army was
assembled under the orders of Dervish Pacha, in the plains of
Thessalia. The whole of this mass of combined forces seemed
on the point of swallowing up the Archipelago and the whole
continent of Greece.

In the mean time, a part of the Greek fleet, to the amount
of 30 sail, directed its course to Samos; there it beat the
Turkish fleet at different times, and pursued anti burnt a part,
which compelled it to take shelter in the ports of Asia. The
Asiatic army, being terrified, instantly disbanded. The same
fate awaited the Egyptian fleet ; being beaten wherever they
met the Greeks, dispersed and burnt, it only found safety in

It may perhaps be thought that all these advantages of the
Greeks arise only from their having to deal with a barbarous
and impotent enemy; yet several European States, who keep
up a navy more or less considerable, such as Naples, Sardinia,
Spain, &c. still pay tributes to the Barbary Regencies, whilst
the Greeks, who as yet only reckon in their navy vessels of
commerce armed for war, have a most sovereign contempt for
the squadrons of the Regencies. In the assemblage of the naval
Mussulman force they look upon them as nothing. In 1823,
wishing to make a diversion against these squadrons, they con.
tented themselves with sending two Ilydriot fast-sailing brigs,
in order to annoy the commercial shipping of Barbary. This
they executed during an entire summer, in spite of all the na-
val
threes of three I)eys. They attacked every merchant vessel
which dared to show itself upon the seas. If one of the Eu-
ropean States tributary to the Barbarians had the means of the
Greeks, no doubt they would obtain from those ruffians all the
concessions they could desire. A thousand other facts, which
the limits of a Memorial cannot admit, prove that the Greek
navy possesses a peculiar strength, in consequence of the moral
energy and the daily habits and genius of its seamen, ofgreater
efficiency than mere masses of wood. The conclusion to be
drawn from the facts we have related is, that all the efforts of
the Turks have only served to procure Greece new triumphs,
and that the Porte has at last exhausted all its resources ; Omar
Vrioni and the Pacha of Scodra, after their bold and fatal at-
tempt, c.in no longer undertake any enterprize, however unim-
portant; and the Pacha of Egypt will, doubtless, refuse to co-
operate in an effectual manner in the approaching campaign.
The same events prove, that the more the Turks enfeeble
themselves, the more the Greeks gain in becoming more
and more accustomed to war. There is, however, an-
other still more important fact, which we have not yet
touched upon ; it is that of the finances, the chief sinew of
war. From die first outset the Greek Revolution in itself
struck a fatal blow to that powerful resource of the Turkish
Empire,
the insurgent iinsieperinvtinpg it of those revenues which it drew forth
from provinces ; the taxes of the Peloponnessus
alone, amounted to 08,000,000 francs. The Greeks were the
soul of the Ottoman Empire : the Turk, in their pride, only
deign to learn the trade of arms, anti are in that empire fit for
nothing else but garrison soldiers; it was the Greeks who tilled
the soil, trafficked, navigated, exercised every species of in-
dustry, and who, in a word, vivified the East ; and without
that intelligent anti active people, the empire of Osmanlis
would long since have been nothing more than a lifeless car-
case; so that the insurrection of a part of the people has struck
the finances of the Porte with a parallysis, greater than that
caused by the Vast six years' war with the Buasians. In the
short space of the present war the Turkish Government have
thrice adulterated the circulating medium, which is reduced
to one-fourth of its intrinsic value. It is this that occasions the
Turks to keep on good terms with that part of the Greek po-
pulation which is still subject to their empire ; it has also made
them repel the proposal of the general massacre of that popu-
lation, a proposal that, in 1821, was often debated in the
Divan.