The Sun.
London, England, 1838-09-15 00:00:00

principally relied 'upon by " the working men" *
ti..-ese—that in the United Strowit Nr ..kinerica the der
di:ion of the people f3/4 Ea `very great degree better than
it is beret etka 'ttiti this far butter 'condition is i result of
tat fa" more democratic form of dovernlbent wh'e't pre-
vails in America-. Thal wertAbg men assume the' truth of
these pesitions 'the test Of them being full of dtiulei and
perplexity, and the second certainly nnfonded. Let tits
. b •
give brief consideration to each, the idea Of the ."
woikz.
•
log men" is, that tttelt fellows in the United Statg:# have
more instias;:titn, more freedortr, reter‘t. r‘Vver, more fool;
Isetter clothes, and better thelter than British Work;
men have. This We ao not believe/ Vve „;,ow Low
hard it it to establish either the, aflirtattve or the negative
eft such a matter as they Stilt we think it probable, that we
have read as natly, and as authentic documents 'respect-
ing the people of the United States as any of the " work-
ing men," and we are perfectly sincere in stating our opi-
nion that they are utter:y miAaken as to the superior con-
dition of the labourers in the States. The labourers in
America are very frequently placed in circumstances in
which they must work much bardee thati English la-
bourers, and as there is an enormously greater breadth
of cultivatable land, in etOportion to the mouths to
be fed, than in Enend, the return of feed is much
greater. So fe2., as meat and drink are concerned, the
American may be upon the whole better off than
the "Englishman. But—though it be true that there
i can be no ntisfaction of a higher kind, while the
lowest cravings of our nature remain unsatisfied—shou:d
we not be doing injustice to the mass of British labourers
if we said that food was their chief enjoyment ? Would it
not be shocking to contemplate them as so nearly approach-
ing to cattle ? We think it would. Now in the higher
enjoyments—even such as labourers may avail themselves
of—the state of the Englishman, is greatly superior to that
of the American. It is madness to suppose that instruc-
tion prevails more in America, especially in those parts
which, being least populous, are most profitable for the la-
bourer. All the authentic accounts represent the oppor-
tunities for instruction as frightfully limited. In England
it is not so. Elucation is not indeed forcel upon the
people, but we know of scarcely any placo in which the
man who really desires to have instruction fur himself
or his children, may not have it at a very cheap
rate. Then, as to the most important of all in
struction, namely, religious, it is absolutely dreadful
to contemplate its condition over a large part of the
United States. Surely it is an important advantage which
our labourers have over the Americans, that they are not in
this matter left to chance, nor one day exposed to the ad-
dresses of the sneering, scoffing, and ignorant infidel, while
the next perhaps some itinerant fanatic comes to work
them into temporary madness. But the labourer looks to
be something better than he is—if it were not so, the con-
dition of the Austrian IPasant, where there is no Suffrage
at all, is
.preferable to that of labourers in America where
Suffrage is Universal. And if a rational man looks to the
enjoyments of leisure and of society, surely he cannot think
that with the bluntness and coarseness, the narrow in-
formation and extensive arrogance, of Americans, he will
bein a better condition than in Britain. Is it to be sup-
posed that, in the exercise of Universal Suffrage, and in the
coarse conflict of political disputation, he will find more than
an equivalent for " all the pleasing illusions which
make power gentle, aad obedience liberal ; which har-
monise the different shades of life, and which by a bland
assimilation incorporate into politics the sentiments which
beautify and soften private society ?" To believe this of
Englishmen would be to do them injustice. But if it were
true that the condition of the American labourers should be
preferred to that which can under the present Constitution
be enjoyed by British labourers, still that would not show
that by making our Government as democratic as the
American, we should become like America in other re-
spects. The truth is, that uninformed or half-informed
people are apt to ascribe far too much to the effect of
certain forms of Government upon the general condition
and happiness of the people. It seems to be the ten-
dency of uninstructed human nature to attribute power
to whatever it does not understand, and hence the po-
pular supposition that the form of Government has so
much to do with the ordinary circumstances -of the pele.:,
ple. If you see a juggler at a fair performing feats of
sleight of band, the crowd, instead of •attributing what he
does to manual dexterity, are confident that there is some-
thing very potential in the gibberish which he mutters, as
it were to charm things against the course of nature... So,
if they see the people in one country nourishing; and in
another unfortunate, instead of considering that laziness, or
drunkenness, or clumsy carelessness, or minding other
people's business instead of their own, causes the worse
condition, they are quite ready to attribute it to something
in the Government. But men really experienced in the
affairs of the world and of politics know how completely
wrong this conclusion is, and that the observation of Gold-
smith is most true—
" Of all the ills that human hearts endure,
How small the part that laws or Kings can cure I"
In saying this, we do not mean to inculcate that political
principles, and rules of action, are not of vast importance.
We know they are, and we believe that of all the modes of
life to which a man of independence and of deep and sound
information can devote himself, the most glorious and most
useful is the care of the public laws. But the effect of
all this is only felt on great occasions, just as the ac-
tions of the warrior which change the fate of empires,
occur only upon some critical occasion, while the general
domestic business of the world goes on undisturbed, and
nearly uninfluenced by his operations. We may conclude,
therefore, while allowing the highest importance to politics,
that the general domestic condition of the people is by no
means directly co-relative to the nature and progress of
legislation and Government. It were not difficult to enu-
merate a variety of important circumstances which, much
more than the difference in the nature of the Government,
are likely to occasion the difference in condition between
American and British labourers. We might likewise show
by a similar enumeration of circumstances, how idle it is to
expect that an assimilation of the British Government to
the democracy of America should assimilate the domestic
circumstances of the two countries. But we are restrained
by our limits from entering upon these tasks at present.—
Morning Post.
Notwithstanding the utter impossibility of satisfying
your more insatiable Irish grievance mongers, it is certain
that if Sir Robert Peel had not been prevented, three
years ago, from carrying the Tithe Bill, whoso---treain pro-
visions have since been adopted by his factions 'Supplanters
and passed into a law, the Right Hon. Baronet's measure
would have been attended with a comparatiiely peaceful.
and beneficial operation, which the tardier adjustment. of
the question by Whig hands is by no means likely to secure.
The plan of settlement, as originally proposed by Sir Ro-
bert, was a wise and righteous one. Of course, to satisfy
the enlarged views of such sublimated politicians as Lord
Howick, was what it made no pretensions to any more than
the analogous Bill which has lately been forced down his
Lordship's noble throat by hisown colleagues; but that thelrish
Tithe measure emanating from the Conservative Ministry of
1835 was really fitted to remove the evils of the old
system, and to place tithe property upon an equitable,
permanent, and inoffensive footing, may fairly be presumed
from the fact, that even after all the increased local irrita-
tion occasioned by Whig caprices and delays during the
last three years, its original opponents have not been
ashamed to give it their ultimate sanction as a highly di-
g ble and adequate settlement of the whole question. Until
very lately, however, the Whigs saw the matter in a
totally different light. When panting for that restoration
to office, which in the absence of Popish and Radical
assistance was hopeless, they not only inveighed
against Sir Robert Peel's Bill with patriotic energy,
but pledged themselves to the appropriation ekes.;
just as eagerly as they would have promised a‘le-
htion itself or any other demand in the world, if
the temper of the Court and country had afforded the
least encouragement to such a demand, or the smallest
prospect of realizing it. After they succeeded in getting
into power, this same farce of " appropriation" has been
brought forward by them for three successive seasons, with'
all the usual puffings and embellishments that could he
sipposed to give it a long run, and make it draw p:.ofita-
ble houses, till the substitution of some fresher novelty
might enable them to put it quietly on the shelf. To
keep their corps dramalique together, as well as to prolong
their own lucrative receipts, was what these managers
eared for. The appropriation piece was, therefore,
kept in nightly play, varied by such occasional changes
of character and accompaniments as might impose
it upon public endurance to the latest possible
hour. First of all, we had " appropriation" performed
as an abstract principle : then, it was exhibited in the
c increte : anon it was to be played part passe with
the Corporation Art in full ; presently the Bills announced
that it would he given with the latter considerably Lbr:dged:
a id thus, ha‘iag found that these devices and delays had
ried them sufficient time so to bribe and Lus'i the
learned author of " appropriation" with the sops of patron-
age, as would probably induce him to resent its abandon-
meet with only a hitelcss bark, they have sagaciously con-
eluded that they might at length venture to withdraw it
from the stage without much danger to their company, and
accordingly the farce of " appropriation" has been seat to
sleep with the tr,g;,dy of " Don Carlos." Of course, Sir
Robert Peel's ish Tithe Bill, which the Whigs have now
f:,;l.‘n back upon, i in all essential merits, as good as
er ; but for purposes of Irish tranqullity, its value has
been greatly injured by delay. O'Connell, though not
s 11 in:; to break with his soppers, whose treatmer.t:ef " ap-
propriation" he has virtually countenanced, con,istently
declares,that what would have satisfied him three years
aeo he will row reject with scorn. His noble cuckoo,
Lord How ick, ascending a note or two higher than his
learned trainer, asserts that it is neither possible nor de-
sirable that the Irish Papists should be content with it.

by the ci.latnry, hypoctitiell rink factious condUct
,of the
!!'§eri't, 91,..e'nents of i'r'ritation dnu teselitithLee
ti Vie healVtietlit -o.peratioe, wliticti give the
a much leas Chance of success than it would other-
s ise haVe had. Besides the hopes held out by their ap-
prOpriAici promises, the *hole etyle and Char.-Week. et
tliCir Irish policy has beat skich tks naturally tcf. awaked
Pflimi; the Paiii?es toe nioat eWnvagatit pxpectnz
rinoffending Protestant inagistratett been_
wa9tottly ;, ahti-ilthe agitators have been
petted acid t,4t-britoteti ; the conviction •of Popish cri-
ilnats has been discouraged ; legal processes for
the recovery of tithe arrears have been allowed to become_
peri!ons in adoption and unproductive in issue. We say,
then, that after such doings and undoiegs on the part of
the Whigs for the last three years, their dupes among the
Popish priesthood and populace, though highly reprehensible
ftgr obstructing the peaceful operation of the recently passed
Tithe Act, can scarcely fail to be indignant on finding, that
notwithstanding their Whig-nursed expectations of tithe
abolition and Church equality, their hopes, at the eleventh
hour, are blasted, baffled, and betrayed. The parties to
whom the incensed Papists justly impute their disappoint-
ment, andaseribe whatever responsibility may at tend. the prae-
tical frustration of the New Tithe Act, are her Majesty's Mi-
nisters and O'Connell. Against the latter personage espe-
cially, certain symptoms of distrust and hostility are mani-
flsting themselves, which, if followed up with any spirit,
may probably do more justice to Ireland than he himself
will be disposed to sanction. Father Davern, of Knock-
any, an acute priest in the county of Limerick, who hes
begun the insurgency in that. quarter, appears to wield his
weapons with a lustiness of vigour proportioned to the
known callousness of the hide he has to deal upon. The
Rev. mutineer, while showing O'Connell up to his deluded
countrymen wit consummate skill, calls upon them to put
no further confidence in that arch-deceiver, and contends,
that whereas the Popish community had already
ahOlished tithes by dint of pitchforks and powder, the
which the pretended Liberator first sanctioned
and now denounces affords facilities fur the recovery of
those dues that were formerly unknown. The Tories, bad
and black e 3 lie is pleased to deem them, are, in his re-
verend judgment, a thousand times preferable to the
Whigs! His letters, two of which we have published as
curiosities in their way, are meant to keep up a raking fire
upon the enemy during the " Precursor" campaign ; but
unless a reinforcement in Father Davern's favour be got
up by his cloistered and consecrated brethren, his shot, we
fear, will be comparatively harmless. Meanwhile his balls
arc reddening and whizzing; in all directions, and apparently
with some effect.—Tinted.

FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTE.

WAR-OFFICE,Sarr. 14, 1838.

3d Regiment of Dragoon Gu;rds—Lieut.-Col. P, Phipps, from
the half-pay Unattached, to be Lieutenant-Colonel, vice E. R.
Story, who exchanges, Sept. 14 ; Major G. Maunsell to be
Lieutenant-Colonel, by purchase, vice Phipps, who retires;
Captain T. Arthur to be Major, by purchase, vice Maunsell ;
Lieutenant J. Nugent to be Captain, by purchase, vice Arthur ;
Cornet J. Rodon to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Nugent ;
E. Bagwell, Gent. to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Rodon, Sept. 15.
4th Regiment of Light Dragoons—Cornet W. Drysdale to be
Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Gordon, who retires ; H. F. Hod•
son, Gen.., to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Drysdale, S-pt. 14.
48th Regiment of Foot—J. Minchin, Gent. to be Ensign, by
purchase, vice Hasilrigge, who retires, Sept. 14.
vice Hughes, who retires ; E.
shoot—EnsignrCiA.Paßt' to be Lieutenant, by purchase,
Hug Kelly, Gent., to be Ensign, by
purchase, vice Paget, Sept. 14.
6251 Foot—Ensign J. F. Eger to be Lieutenant, by purchase,
vice Freer, who retires ; R. Gubbins, Gent., to be Ensign by pur-
chase, vice Egar, Sept. 14.
79th Foot—Ensign R. J. M. Napier to be Lieutenant, by pur-
chase, vice Denys, who retires; H. Mac Neal, Gent., to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Napier, Sept. 14.
94th Foot—W. Turnbull, Gent. to be Assistant-Surgeon,
September 14.
96th Foot—Lieut. R. Ross to be Captain, by purchase, rice
Wray, who retires; Ensign Lord M. Kerr to be Lieutenant, by
purchase, vice Ross; Richard Roney, Gent. to be Ensign, by pur-
chase, vice Lord M. Kerr, September 14.
West India Regiment—R. J. S. Mansergh, Gent., to be
Ensign, by purchase, vice O'Brien promoted, Sept. 14.
MEMORANDUM.

The date of. the appointment of Captain Snow, from half-pay
Unattached to full-pay 65th Foot, was 28th August 1833, and not
•'4th August, as stated in the Gazette of the 28th ultimo.

OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Sam- 11.
Royal Regiment of Artillery.—Second Captain R. Basset to be
Adjutant, vice Otway, promoted, Jan. 23, 1837.

Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Stafford.
Henry John Pye, Esq. to be Deputy-Lieutenant, Sept. 8.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the county of Kent.
West Kent Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry.—Lieutenant J.
Chapman, the younger, to be Captain, vise Viscount Sydney, pro-
moted; Cornet R. De Beauvoir Berens to be Lieutenant, vice
Chapman, promoted ; J. H. Latham, Gent., to be Cornet, vice
Berens, promoted, June 19.

DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY.
ELLIOT LEWIS AARON, oil-merchant, St. James's-place,
Aldgate.

BANKRUPTS.

CHARLES WALKER, linen-Iraier, King's-place, 'Commer-
cial-road, to surrender Sept. 25 and Oct. 26, at eleven, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Alsager, Birchin-lane, official assignee ;
Turner and Hensman, Basin,,-lane.

JOHN BANASTRE FALKNER, share-broker, Liverpool,
Sept. 26, and Oct. 26, at one, at the Clarendon Rooms, Liver-
pool. Taylor, Sharpe, Field, and Jackson, Bedford-row, London ;
Laces, Clay, and Myers, or Wain, Liverpool.
WILLIAM COOK, innkeeper, Lincoln, Oct. 3, at ten, and Oct.
26, at twelve, at the office of budding and Cooke, Lincoln. Wing,
South-square, Gray's Inn, London ; Dudding and Cooke, Lincoln.
THOMAS BRUNT, dealer, Bank-top, Macclesfield, Sept. 29
and Oct. 26, at one, at the Angel-inn, Macclesfield. Redfern,
Leek; Higginbotham, Macclesfield; Jenings, Bolton, and Jen-
nings, Elm-court, Temple, London.
WILLIAM RODGERS, licensed victualler, Sheffield, Sept.
26 and Oct. 26, at eleven, at the Town-hall, Sheffield. Fiddey,
Serjeant's Inn, Fleet-street, London ; Smith, Sheffield.
THOMAS BAILEY, worsted-spinner, Keighley, Yorkshire,
Sept. 29, and Oct. 26, at eleven, at the Devonshire Arms, Reighley.
Hawkins, Bloxam, and Stocker, New Boswell-court, London ;
Hall and Waterworth, Keighley ; Wells, Bradford.
JOHN OGLE, auctioneer, Liverpool, Sept. 29, at twelve, and
Oct. 26, at one, at the Clarendon-rooms, Liverpool. Walmsley,
Keightley, and Parkin, Chancery-lane, London; Kenyon, Castle-
street, Liverpool.

DIVIDENDS.
At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street.
C. Baker, distiller, St. John-street, Clerkenwell, Oct. 5, at one.
In the Country.
F. Wheelwright, retailer brewer, Birmingham, Oct. 31, at one,
at Dee's Royal Hotel, Birmingham—T. Tabberer, cheesenionger,
Birmingham, Nov. 6, at ten, at Dee's Royal Hotel, Birmingham
—.R. '1 home, haydealer, Snodshill-lane, WiltshireOct. 6, at
eleven, at the Duke's Arms Inn, Marlborough—J. Williams,NV glass
manufacturer, Manchester, Nov. 1, at three, at the Commis-
sioners' Rooms, Manchester—J. Chadwick, cotton spinner, Old-
ham, Oct. 15, at ten, at the Commissioners' Rooms, Manchester—
J. Tetlow, house painter, Manchester, Oct. 15, at eleven, at the
Commissioners' Rooms, Manchester.

CERTIFICATES, OCT. 5.
W. and J. Terry, hardwaremen, Bath—D. M'Nicol, merchant,
Liverpool—J. Sawyer and G. Lowley, table knife manufacturers,
Sheffield—J. W. and H. Brooks, common brewers, Cheltenham—
J. Willet, grocer, Brandon. Suffolk—T. Welden, brickmaker,
Leckharnpton, Gloucestershire—J. Malachv, timber merchant,
Callington, Cornwall—J. Regan, victualler, Maiden -lane,. Covent-
garden.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
J. Butler and .1. Lawrence, water closet manufacturers, Bir-
mingham—NV. Lloyd and E. E. Clarke, general ironmongers,
Westbrotnwich, Staffordshire—T. Peacock and F. B. Basset, mer-
chants, Paternoster-row—T. Tegg, sen., and T. Tegg, jun.,
booksellers, Cheapside—J. Crellin and R. Kavanagh, bakers, Li-
verpool—P. Sharland and H. Wippell, tanners, Woodbury—J.
Roothroyd and C. Hudson,
attorneys, Stockport—J. Charlton and
J. Welch, power-loom manufacturers, Manchester—W. Greenup
and J. Brown, joiners, Salford—T. Fraser and R. Wood, Italian
warehousemen, New Bond-street—R. Wrigley and W. Rockliff,
millwrights, Liverpool—J. Mitchell and J. Haigh, Cabinet manu-
facturers, Queen-street, Finsbury Market—J. Unsvvorth and J.
Foster, printers, Denham Spring, Brindle, Lancashire—W. Kerr
and Co., shipbrokers, Liverpool.

SCOTCH SEQUESTRATION.
JAMES STEVEN MUIR, merchant, Ayr, Sept. 18 and
Oct. 2, at two, at the King's Arms Inn, Ayr.

EAST INDIA SHIPPING.

Arrivals, Sept. 14.—The Mid-Lothian, Morrison, from
New South Wales, off Hustings, sailed from Sydney, April
29 ; Airnwell, Wilson, from Ceylon, off Hastings, sailed from
Colombo April 28, and Point de Gallo May 5; Globe,
Alexander, from the Cape of Good Hope, off Falmouth, sailed
July 8, St. Helena July 27.
Arrivals in Table Bay (Cap) of Good Hope).—The Rox-
burgh Castle. Cumberland, June 27, fnom Calcutta; Olivis,
noorne, June 27, from the Mauritius; Emma, King, June 27,
frbm the Mauritius ; Brighton, July 2, from Boston; Briton,
Harrington, July 2, from Batavia and Algoa Bay ; Cheerful,
Smith, July 3. from Liverpool ; Adrastus, Day, July 5, from
Liverpool ; Senator, Grindley, July 5, from London.
Departures from Table Bay (Cape of Good Hope).—Tho
Felicity, Small, July 4, for Hobart Town; Roxburgh Castle,
Cumberland, July 5, for London.
id Douglas,
Thurtell, July
Arrivals in Simon's Bay (Cape of Good Hope).—The
D:ana, Dudman, June 14, from the Mauritius ; Eleanor,
I Julyl
1, from Ln
l d erness, Juone!
0,1, for Bombay; 25, from Ceylon
Ae
; r
aCambrge,
hne.
1. from London, for New South Wales; Camden, Morgan,
July 1, from London, for the South Sea Islands ; Lord Wm.
Bentinck, Stockley, from London, for Van Diemen's Land.
Departures from Simon's Bay.—The Mumford, Cleveland,
June 26, for Launceston; her Majesty's ship Volage, Smith,
June 30, for India; her Majesty's ship Bonetta, Stull, June
30, for thu Mauritius.
Arrivals in Algoa Bay.—The Cape Maria, Kidson, June
21, from the Mauritius; Nlazeppa, Tate, June 22, from Lon-
don ; Comet, Haddon, June 22, from Delagoa Bay : Conch,
Bell, June 23, from Table Bay.
Departures horn Sydney, New South Wales.—The Upton
C.stle, Williams, April 19, for Calcutta ; the Regea, John-
stcne, for Guam ; Blenheim, Spence, April 20, for Java ; Argo,
• William, hom, April 21, for ',lan • t
Billing, April 20 ; LCS ;
Thamar, Northwood, for ; the Vigilant, Morrison,
April 23, for the Sperm Fishery.

PRECIOUS rtELICS.-The pistoi and powder-flask
lately belonging (or said to 13:!lonz) to Thom, alias Sir Wil-
liam Courtcnny, ::re now publicly posted fur sale, under a
gla,B case, at a pawnbroker's shop at the corner of Cross-
street, Walworth-road.