The Sun.
London, England, 1836-01-30 00:00:00

VERY SECRET DISPATCH of COUNT
POZZO DI BORGO.

-
(From the Portfolio, Nos. VIII. and IX.)
ENGLAND.
The Imperial Cabinet is so worthily represented at Lon-
don, that I am compelled in some sort to do violence to
myself in speaking of a country of which Prince Lieven
knows so well the dispositions, and, unfortunately, the
passions and jealousy towards Russia, and of which he
gives so exact and judicious an account as often as the good
or necessity of the service demands it.
It is more then to avoid leaving a gap so essential as
that which would exist in this report, if I were to pass
over this empire in entire silence, than with the hope of
adding in any way to the ideas which the Imperial Cabi-
net receive more directly and completely from the Embassy
at London.
At the commencement of the war, the Government, and
More particularly the English public, saw in the result of
idea
the campaign the overthrow of the Ottoman Empire. The
of Russian supremacy and dominion established on
the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, that of fleets issuing
from the Black Sea, the possibility, although distant, of
their coalition and union with the French navy, and all
these combinations together, roused their feelings and pro-
duced a resentment so much the more violent, that Eng-
land did not feel herself to be in a position to oppose us,
without exciting a general war, in which she had only sa-
crifices to make, rendered very painful to her by the ne-
cessity of adding to the weight of her debt, without the
least hope of increasing her power or her riches.
The events of the campaign have delivered the British
Government and nation from the fears they had entertained,
and I have reason to believe that they now congratulate
themselves upon finding in the Turks that resistance, which
they would have been unable, without great embarrass-
ments, to present to us themselves. From the moment
that the idea of the ruin of the Turkish empire ceases to
prevail, it is not probable that they would risk a general
war, for the sake of exempting the Sultan from acceding to
such or such condition ; above all, in the state in which
things will beai the commencement of the approaching
campaign, when eveiything will be as yet uncertain and
undecided. These considerations would authorise the belief
that we have no cause to fear an open rupture on the part
of Great Britain ; and that she will content herself with
counselling the Porte to beg peace, and with lending the
aid of the good offices in her power during the negotiation,
if it take place, without going further, should the Sultan
refuse, or we persist in undertaking a second campaign.
The Duke of Wellington has need of, and desires to
Preserve peace. Th,s mercantile interest cannot be opposed
t 9 it, because the inter:uption of the commerce with Rus-
sia, consisting as it does for the most part in raw mate-
rials, would be as injurious to it• as to ourselves. He can
faPProve of the armaments of Austc.;a, and yet dissuade her
.r°lll3. using them, because all Europe would be thereby
called to arms.
The manner in which the question of the blockade of
the Dardanelles has terminated, likewise proves that there
exists in the English Cabinet a great tendency towards
Peace. The public of this country never showed more pre-
indiee and jealousy than on this occasion. The Duke
alo
totwithstanding his first step, appears to have re-
sided the Orrent. The tumult appears now to have sub-
sided, and tilt.. matter reduced to the natural state and
Aneoreirelleqbuealcicnyg_fls ears to me, in the f to it.
symptom apP . re Lisa]
yrince
in reality of the Britioli Cabinet to adopt the proposal of
Metternich, to ini`erpose collectively to exhort, but
to constrain, his Majesty the Emperor to make
Peace. The inconvenience anted danger (!) of this measure
must have been felt at London, since
all exthey abstained from
planation on the subject with France.
!ne t
will conclude these short observations by repeating,
I
submit them entirely to those Prince Lieven will
sQuail;e transmitted to the Imperial Cabinet on this importants
e jeet ; for my arguments cannot be compared with his
izlnerienee, and with the impression which he receives, and
rile on he gathers from the company and conversation o
en on whom depend the decision of so grave a question. ,
A AUSTRIA.
ustria is the Power from which Russia had the least
Ea
to expect the conduct she has experienced. Re-
t.,,ated in some sort on his throne by the successes of the
th"'Peror Alexander, and the efforts of the Russian army,
4The Emperor Francis drew immense advantages from the
eignanimity of his greatest ally. Italy was altogether
:faeclv,ered over to him, either. by real acquisitions, or by the
• 40,Y which was left him of exercising an. unlimited latiue
d nce over that which had. not. been subjected to his
°ll-1,,14i". He augmented his frontier on the side, of Ger-
-14-..,, according to his pleasure, and obtained even some
hrehtrocessions and advantages in Poland, which were only
r"i;: generosity on the part of its Liberator.
b. Since the Congress, deference and good offices have
xy'en unbounded, and when the revolutionary movement in
i'L4Ples appeared to threaten the Austrian supremacy in all
the country from the Alps to Sicily, it was again the Em-
peror Alexander who dispelled this storm, by his wise and
generous intervention.
The Court of Vienna obtained by this result the security
of her actual possessions, of her influence over the rest,
and an opportunity of ,
extracting from the kingdom of
Naples 260,000,000 of francs (8,000000/.
price of having delivered it from
the Carbo sterling), as the
nari.
The Greek insurrection broke out. Prince. Metternich
determined on repiocing the glaive of the Sultan over this
unfortunate people. During four years he paralyzed and
thwarted the most noble sentiments, without regard either
to the delicate position of Russia or to her interests, con-
stantly abusing the confidence
which was placed in him, and
snaking
promises only to break them.
At length the moment arrives when Russia, France, and
ttiagilland come to an understanding, is order to put a stop
ano.e massacres which were incessant:
repeated in this
every arena. Austria y
refuses to adhere, and uses
ree Sultry means, in spite of different protestations, to induce
m an to reject the combination which was proposed to
with the view of preserving the empire, and shielding
it r°4l greater dangers."'
This fatal tactic has endured two years. It has been
rte mi. aced by the Representatives of the Powers, who have
n its action on the spot, in a thousand ways. At length
,Z,
Sultan forces the Ambassadors of the three Courts to
eillConstantinople. He insults, he provokes Russia. He
iT..ea the treaties. The Emperor is under the necessity
Isrriinnging him to reason by arms.
treats
icte Metternich is indignant at this resolution, and
ever as a revolt against his supremacy. From that time
dressy means are put in motion to injure Russia. He ad-
a.aLes nimself to England, with the view of arming her
Phase
the
Emperor—and he repeats his attempts at every
that all "well events present to him—he accredits the idea
bee all the Governments are exposed to internal revolution,
treaties
Russia would compel the Sultan to observe her
tamperses and he succeeds in intimidating many of them. He
taise_ with the French Ministry, and is resisted—and he
one uP internal broils because of that resistance. On the
to he flatters the Bonapartists, and encourages them
other he the memory of the son of Napoleon. On the
ther,r he appropriates to himself the Gazette de France and
4nesTirotid.i.ertne, pretended representatives of pure Royalism
uesuitisrn, and these papers, soi-disant Christian, be-
4, :usk, overwhelm the public with a deluge of insults
00:1:usehoods against us. These truths, Count, escape no
repeme.re--the French Ministry is convinced of them—it
Th s and confirms them to me constantly.
ei Duke de Mortemart, in passing through Vienna,
1)44 I°4' conference with the Austrian Minister. The
!rhieV4ave me an account of it in the following terms,
Iraqi "' 1.0 guard against errors or forgetfulness, I committed
h.diatejs, to paper.
pres-tr.inee Metternich asked of M. de Mortemart what it-n-
-its „8' he had brought away of the Russian army and of
higlle",`lrals. M. do hlorternarte replied, that he had the
its 4‘ Opinion of the aussian army, and that the talents of
ta,ta. eers varied as in oth(n• countries, and in every nume-
loss 4411 Y. The Prince added, " what do you think of the
ittnaehs_th.at the army has sustained ?" The Duke replied, that
the infantry it was nothing extraordinary, that the ea-
LLl'L'aYmn,and lost many horses, but that the whole, amountinr,s-to
bi,aire,d,ute fraction.. ofthe forces of the empire, could easily be
stussi_. in no way affected the military strength of
y_Cvrince Metternich, with a smile of pity, continued,
haych, you allow yourselves to be dazzled ; trust to
'e
eßussians f three
aadr„, observed and known the or
so
:,"ears. Their force is mere show, and it is more
illitase tis moment than ever. As to their losses, they are
and 11. se; they will neither be easily nor speedily repaired ;
the
ultr
,eannot explain to myself how you have judged of
Y." The Duke, in his turn, said, that
Nevel. erentl
'me was at liberty to estimate the forces of the
for
.: empire according as he thought proper ; but as
vra: losses caused to the army by the campaign,
ti ?Rl_ refer to the reports of the Prince of Hesse,
of4.L.nad been shown to him, and which agreed with those
th...,` (le Mortemart himself, adding upon this subject,
t_t,he Prince was too honourable a man to have trans-
irotherstleti of a different nature. The Prince appeared
ib*,:sed by this observation—afterwards he replied,
nerd ; every one will judge of
them in his own man-
ettle,onasleantime Austria thinks herself forced to take pre-
; her army is ready and numerous, and if a second
Powild?lgn commences, it will take post on the frontier, and
I,iserve Servia." The Duke replied to this last me-
naCe " In that case every one will be justified in advancing
rns frontitr to observe his neighbour ; It en arrivera ce
‘,4
,11 Pols rr "
ri..atiOn.a. Thus finished this essential part of this con-
a•ee_ Ile Prince did not appear satisfied with the
thninents and dispositions of the Duke de Mortemart, and
stecgiatlteditw. thy with the customary forms of politeness. I
duty, M. le Comte, is inform you of
.7 17;le,: partici-s;' because they have appeared to sisa
further proofs of the indefatigabio pains which Prince

Metternich takes to raise up enemies against us, or to di•
minish the interests which our friends bear towards us.
The plan of the Chancellor of the Court and State is
vast. He would show himself in a menacing attitude by
his armaments ; he agitates France to enfeeble her ; he
encourages England to make her our enemy ; he seeks to
seduce Prussia, and to alienate her from us ; he proposes to
the King of Sardinia, according to the conviction of the
French Ministry, to give another heir to the throne than
the Prince de Carignan ; in fine, he assumes the character
of protector of public order , and whilst he employs all his
energies in favour of the Turks, he enlists under his banners
the ultra-monarchists and the ultra-Papists of every country.
This conception is too vague, in my opinion, to take a
solid consistence, especially in the interval between the pre-
sent moment and the next campaign. When it will com-
mence, Prince Metternich will only have at his disposal
himself and the Austrian monarchy, if he is always master
of it, as appearances would seem to indicate. The question
will then be reduced to this, will he or will lie not dare to
attack Russia ? These sort of problems can never be solved
in an absolute manner ; because the premises, according to
the nature of things, can only be founded on conjectures.
However, as there exists no other rule, it must be referred
to that.
It is not in foreign combinations, M. le Comte, that I
will seek this rule, but in the measures and internal re-
sources of the empire. The Emperor, our august master,
ascended the Throne at a time when Russia enjoyed great
consideration, and this consideration is visibly augmented
since his fortunate accession. The blackest and most dan-
gerous conspiracy arrested by his courage, and punished
according to justice, tempered by clemency and humanity.
The Turks brought to sign the Convention of Akermann.
Persia vanquished, and rendered tributary in consequence
of her provocations. England and France anxious to find
a means of termination (to the satisfaction of his Majesty)
to the troubles in Greece—Prince Metternich having no
other resource than malice and intrigue, and Prussia
strengthening the ties of blood by those of policy.
It is in this situation of affairs and ideas, in the face of
the whole world, that the Emperor has been forced to enter
into the present war. Nearly all the powers have recog-
nised the justice of it, and there is not one which has not
been prepared for its successes. It was the Russian Em-
pire, after two years of observation and preparation, which
put itself in motion against the Turkish empire, reduced to
the Mussulman pupulution of Europe. At this sight the
world had formed its judgment beforehand, but it must be
admitted, that this judgment had not been verified by the
event.

This circumstance has disclosed the sentiments that each
bore to us. The explosion took place at Vienna, and com-
municated itself more or less on every side. Those, how-
ever, who judge calmly, see the want of success in secon-
dary causes, and think they will not occur in the approach-
ing campaign. Thence the desire of avoiding it, and of
preserving peace, if the Porte were sufficiently wise to de-
mand it, and Russia sufficiently discouraged to grant it
upon conditions beneath her dignity.
Under these circumstances, before demanding what Prince
Metternich will do, it appears to me more reasonable to de-

mand what we ourselves will do, and under what aspect we
shall appear to his eyes. If he sees us profitinc, by expe-
rience, augmenting our means, introducing into them a de-
sirable order, putting ourselves in a position not to dread
his attacks, persuading him that if he were to have us for
enemies, he would find us formidable, inexorable, and de-
termined to pour out upon Austria all the calamities of
war, which she stirs up against us, without sparing her one.
Then will Prince Metternich, probably, pause in his policy,
and adopt, perhaps, a better one, in counselling the Sultan
to make peace, and to submit to the sacrifices which it must
impose upon him.

It is not the wish of the Chancellor of the Court and
State, nor that of the Austrian public, which we have to
guess at ; it has shown itself sufficiently hostile to relieve
us from all doubts in that respect. When they rejoice that

the plague mows down the Russian army ; when,- in their
eyes, there are never scourges enough in nature, nor suffi-
cient means of injury in the enemy, to satisfy their hatred,

we are dispensed from interpreting the sentiments of those
who do not fear to profess them, and to manifest them with-

out reserve. The best guarantee that we can have for
arresting them, and combating their influence, is ourselves ;
—it is in our energy, in the force, the direction, and the

correction of our resolutions and our measures, that we
have to seek our security. The patriotism, the position,
and the resources of the Empire, are equal to all. Let

them be evoked ; let them be exerted with order and capa-
city,—and the policy of Europe will cease to offer problems
for our solution ; should that of our enemies become as

tractable then as it now is haughty, because it indulges in
magnifying our losses, underrating our talents, and dis-

crediting our means.

If we show ourselves such as we ought to be, and can
be, the Government, and the strongest party in France will

court us ; because they must provide for their interests,
and enter into the lists, if Austria and England throw open
the barriers—Prussia has her role already cast, and the
objects of her ambition under her hand ; and it is not
Russia that will suffer from her encroachments ; she will

remain free to accomplish her own, if her interests re-

quire it.
Without doubt, it would be painful to see the shalt quo
of Europe thus disturbed ; but to whom attribute the
fault and responsibility of it, if not to the Austrian Cabinet,
who would risk all, and overturn all, sooner than see the
Emperor make a peace which would have for its first ob-
ject his honour ; and, for its second, some modifications
incapable of bringing the least change to the real equilibrium

established by the Congress of Vienna.
It results from the preceding observations, that the
question of the future conduct of Austria, cannot be exa-
mined in an abstract manner, and independent of that which
Russia will hold, and of the display of force which she
will present at the opening of the campaign. This cam-
paign has become indispensable, in my opinion, because the
first has nut produced its effect. We will undertake it then
with the chances that it offers to us—and these chances

win be less dangerous in proportion as our efforts will be

great and terrible.

THE UNSTAMPED PRESS.

It having been generally known that on Saturday last
Mr. R.:Cruttwell, distributor of stamps for the county of
Somerset, had laid informations against John Coyswell and
Robert Croker, two vendors of unstamped publications,
and that the case would come on for hearing this morning at
the Guildhall, an immense crowd assembled, and the
greatest excitement prevailed. At eleven o'clock, when
the Magistrates arrived, there was a general shout of
" Open Court for the Unstamped," which continued for a
long time within the Court, and was backed by the multi-
tude without. At length the Mayor, W. T. Blair, Esq.,
came into the Court, and stated that he had received a
letter from Mr. Croker, one of the persons against whom
an information had been laid, requesting that the case might
be heard i❑ open Court. His Worship said the Ma-
gistrates had taken that letter into their consideration, and
had come to the decision that they could not in this case
deviate from their usual practice of having it in the Mayor's
room, but that it should be open to as many as it could
accommodate; This announcement was deemed satisfac-
tory, and the case of John Coyswell was then proceeded
with before T. Cam Clarke, and J. Phillott, Esqrs. The
prosecution was conducted by Mr. T. Cruttwell, jun., and
the defence by Mr. R. H. Hellings.
John Doel was the first witness called, who stated that
he lived at Perrymead, in Bath. On the 10th of Januar),
he purchased at the shop of John Covswell, in Chandos-
buildings, four copies of cleave'B IVeekly Police Gazette ;
a female served him, whom he asked for her address, in
case he should want more. She replied that she would ask
her husband, and immediately went fur that purpose to
another room on the same floor. He heard a man tell her
to give him one of his shop-bills, which he now produced.
On Saturday last, the 23d, witness went again to the same
shop, and purchased four more copies of the same paper.
At that time he was served by the same female, whom he
thought was the wife of Coyswell. At that time no con-
versation took place.
I❑ his cross-examination by Mr. Hellings, Doel said he
was a wheel-wright, in the employ of Messrs. Farmer, car-
riers. Mr. Cruttwell gave him the money to pay for the
papers. He was not paid for his loss of time, as his master
allowed him to go of errands for Mr. Cruttwell. Did not
know Coyswell—had never seen him till now ; nor did he
know Mrs. Coyswell, but he presumed the woman who
served him was her.

This being the case for the prosecution, Mr. Hellings
contended that Mr. Cruttwell, in whose name the informa-
tion was laid, was not that description of officer connected
with the Stamp Office which the 22d section of the 60th
Gee. 3, cap. 9, required. He was merely a distributor of
stamps, and there was no proof of his holding such an
office as gave him the power of instituting this prosecution.
Mr, Phi Nett, after consulting with the other justices,
overruled 141 r. Hellings's objection.
Mr. Hellings then baiti he would take down the words
in which that decision of the Magistrates had been con-
veyed---" that there was no necessity of proving that Mr.
Cruttwell was an (*Ricer of the Stamp Office, and that the
iidormation was laid in conformity with the Act of Par-
liameot,"
The Justices th#n Onsnhed together, and said they did
not consider the case to hPre2 been proved, !Ind the de-
fendant Was acanitted—an announcement winch was re-
ceived by the
evL4,44 jR 1,.144 41.9110 the ball With deafening
shouts of approbation.
Robert Croker was then called ; but previously to going
on with gig evidence in this case, Mr. Hellings said he
should urge the same filaieptm to Mr. Cruttwell's qualifi-
cation to institute this prosecution as be had ciQpn in the
other, upon which that gentleman produced his certificate

of appointment from the Stamp Officc, which by the Ma-
gistrates was held to be satisfactory.
John Doel was then called ; he stated that he purchased
the paper produced, Cleave's Wee/l/ Police Gazette, on
the 16th of January, at the shop of Croker, No. 16, Upper
Borough Walls ; he was served by a man named George
Turner ; Croker was in the shop at the time ; he paid
Turner for it, who thanked him, and said he should be
glad to see him again.
George Turner examined—l am not in the employ of
Mr. Croker ; I am with him ; I have some times sold
papers for him, but not constantly ; I do not recollect see-
ing Doel on the 16th instant, on the Borough Walls ; I
might have been there when he bought a paper ; I recollect
the conversation he has mentioned, but it took place in
Prince's-street ; Mr. Croker was present at the time, sit-
ting on the sofa.
Doel was again examined, and persisted that he pur-
chased the paper in question on the 16th instant, at the
shop on the Borough Walls, and that Turner and Croker

were both present. The witness next deposed to having
purchased four other similar papers at Croker's shop on
Saturday last the 23d instant. The case for the prosecu-
tion having closed,
Mr. Hellincrs contended that this information was unte-
nable, inasmuch' as no evidence had been adduced to show
that the documents before the Court were liable to a
stamp-duty of fourpence as newspapers. It was so alleged
in the information, but they had no proof of the fact. He
then commented upon the disparity between the evidence
of Doel and Turner, both witnesses-for the prosecution,
and contended that Doel's evidence was not worthy of
credit. If.,they referred to the several convictions that had
taken place under this statute, they would find numerous
instances in which proof of the liability of the papers
in question to the payment of the stamp duty had been
held to be necessary. In this case they had not one tittle
of evidence of that nature before them, but the papers
themselves. Were they as Magistrates to witness a case of
assault in the streets, and were the parties subsequently to
come before them to have the matter settled, he was sure
neither of them would in his official capacity, and in the
absence of any other witness, give evidence on the case, but
dismiss it at once for want of evidence.

Mr. Clarke said his brother magistrates and himself
had given Mr. Hellings's objection their best consideration,
and they certainly did not think any proof of the liability of
the publications in question to the payment of the stamp
duty necessary, as it was evident, from every paragraph,
anl every column, that they were decidedly newspapers,
and came within the meaning of the Act. They were of
opinion that both informations had been clearly substan-
tiated, by which the defendant had rendered himself liable
to the payment of two separate penalties of 201. As this,
however, was Croker's first conviction, they would mitigate
the penalties to the lowest amount payable, namely, to .5/. on
each, and in default of payment, the defendant must be
committed to prison for two months on each conviction.
They had dealt leniently with him, in the hope that he
would desist from violating the law in future.

Croker then exclaimed emphatically " I declare solemnly
that I will never refrain from circulating political know-
ledge to the last day of my existence." He was then re-
moved in custody. We understand that he is not placed
in the felons' ward, but among the debtors.
At the conclusion of the business the multitude became

highly incensed, and called most strenuously forihe-infor-
mer Doel, who would no doubt have fallen a victim to their
rage, but for the earnest-entreaty of Croker, who addressed
those assembled in the Hall, begging them to commit no

outrage upon him, as he was an unlettered man, and totally
ignorant of the purpose for which he was sent to purchase
the papers. As it was, Doel was escorted from the Hall
by four or five officers, who had great difficulty in protecting
him. When will Government do its duty, and prevent a
recurrence of such disgraceful proceedings?
Bath, Monday, Jan. 25.