The Sun.
London, England, 1849-08-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MON DAY EVEN 1 N'G, AUGUST 6, 1840.

would amount to 600,000 f., to be added to the charge of
1,266,000 f. already weighing on your revenue for inte-
rests of the State loans, and for those which you have
contracted with the public. You have besides to pay to
the St. Germain Company, for the use of the line and of
the Paris terminus, a sum of about 600,000 f. per annum.
This would, therefore, in definitive give a total amount
of charges imposed upon your working of 2,466,000 E,
and which should be paid before a farthing of interest
was distributed to you. In admitting that the proceeds
of your working, deduction made of the expenditure,
should suffice for the payment of these charges, and
still leave an interest of 5 per cent. disposable for the
shares, which in the present state of your traffic would
not be possible, if it was necessary to deduct the sums
required to pay the annuities of the State loans, the hope
of a dividend above 5 per cent. would be altogether out
of the question for a length of time, since, according
to your statutes, 1 per cent. must be taken away and
placed in reserve, to supply the sinking fund of the
capital." The report then goes on to say that, as none
of those charges can be taken off, the board ought to
eudeavour to effect a change in the present arrange-
ments, and inquires whether the circumstances just
narrated do not authorise the company to apply to the
State to allow the reimbursement of its loans to be eft', cted
either by means of a small annui:y during the first
year, increasing successively by accumulated interest, or
by means of equal annuities; but, in either case, dis-
tributed over the whole duration of the concession? The
report argues that, from the facilities afforded to the
Northern Company for the payment of its debts to the
State, there is every reason to suppose that less indul-
gence would not be shown to the Rouen Company. The
report then gives a detailed account of the items of re-
ceipts from the Ist of January to the 30th of June, 1849,
which amount to the total sum of 3595,354 f. 93c. The
total amount of the charges of the working for the same pe-
tied is 2,544,944 t. 85,e, leaving a net prat of 1,050,360'.
Bc., which will give a dividend of 12f. 50c. per share. A
comparative table of the receipts and expenditure during
the two first half-years of 1848 and 1849 is then given.
showing a net increase in favour of 1849 of 7.48,470 f.
13e. After recapitulating the various items in which
this increase has taken place, it proceeds to say that " in
the months of March and April there was a revival of
business, which in May and June was again suspended,
in consequence of the elections and the cholera. This
latter cause acted in a most disastrous manner on the
receipts from passengers, and it was precisely at a
period when the fine weather would have caused a very
material increase; it is from these causes that the re-
ceipts for May ad June have been less than those for
March and April, whilst on the other hand the expenses
were increased by the establishment of the summer
service. The half year of which we now present you
the account shows a material improvement in your
vre-
venue, since at the same period
aid i nlast year your d i 1-
acknoa ledg•
dmeenudts, waswiLhoonulty
sinkingB
BF. 84c., p
fund, whereas it is noa
12f. 80c., paid in cash, and besides which we carry
150.3601 r. Bc. to the sinking fund." 'lhe report then
alluded to the meeting held in the beginning of June
last, of the shareholders residing in England, and of tin
confidence expressed by the company in the success of
the undertaking. M. Benoist, having become rept., son
tative of the people, had been obliged, by the provision,
of the electoral law, to resign hip post as director of the
company, and his son, M. Paul Benoist, had been provi-
sionally appointed in Ys place.
After the report had been read, the accounts were ap-
proved of and adopted. The dividend of 12 f. 500.
per share, payable at the office of the company on
and after Aug 2, was then declared to be agreed to.
MM. Kersamt and Wm. Chaplin, the outgoing
directors, were unanimously re-elected, and the pro-
visional appointment of M. P. Benoist, as director,
was confirmed. The modification of the articles re-
lating to the sinking-fund could not take place, as
3G,000 shars:s were not present. The two reports
mentioned above having been adopted, the meeting
separated.

COMMENCEMENT OE TUE OYSTER SEASON.-

Saturday morning, et six o'clock, the sale of oysters was
opened at Billing gate and Huegerfot d markets; at the
former there was a fleet of 23 vessels from Rochester,
Queenhorough, &c., freighted with the different descrip-
tions of barleys, royals, china rocks, natives, Miltons,
Welsh, and commons, the price ranging from Bs. to 12s.
per bushel; there was also a large quantity of oysters in
bags per Brighton Railway, taken from the large oyster
bed, tour and a half miles in length, recently discovered
off the town of Shoreham; these sold at 63. the bag, con-
taining a bushel and a quarter. There was a tremendous
rush at the opening of the boats, but from the admirable
arrangements of Mr. Goldham, clerk of the market, in
the construction of barriers, the employment of extra
officers, and numerous cautions to take rare of your
pockets" neither robberies nor accidents occurred, At
Hungerford market there were five vessels, and a large
quantity of the Brighton oysters, prices and description
the same as at Billingsgate. The trade was altogether
dull; the Brighton oysters having been out for several
weeks past completely forestalled the usual market. A
few real natives, at 365. the bushel, were purchased with
avidity.
LAUNCII.—A beautiful little steam-vessel called
the Maid of Lorn, and intended for the Glasgow, Fort
William, and Inverness trade, was launched into the
Clyde yesterday. (Thursday), about midday, in the
presence of numerous spectators. The Maid of Lorn is
the workmanship of Messrs. Wingate and Co., ship-
builders and engineers, on whom she reflects great credit.
She was laid on the stocks about three months ago, and
it is expected that she will be ready for sea on the 18th
inst. After the launch a numerous party withdrew to
the counting-house of the firm, where they were treated
to champagne, brandy, and refreshments, Mr. John
Williamson acting as chairmon. The company amused
themselves with dances and Gaelic and English songs,
and appropriately closed the proceedings by joining to-
gether in the national melody of " Rule Britannia."—
Glasgow Daily Mail.
CHLOROFORM A HELP TO THEFT.-011 Sunday,
July 29, while Mr. Swinnock and family, of Ashford,
Kent, were at church, some villains entered his house,
and violently pressed a handkerchief upon the mouth of
an invalid lady, Miss Gotts, which being strongly im-
pregnated with chloroform, soon rendered her insensible.
Being alone in the house, they then took from her per-
son a watch, some valuable rings, and her purse. The
fright and ruffianly treatment on a constitution already
impaired by illness, have placed her life in imminent
danger.
FIRE AT HOLLOWAY.—Saturday morning, about
nine o'clock, a fire, attended with a serious destruction
of property, broke out upon the premises belonging to
Mr. Biggs, a carpenter and furniture warehouseman,
carrying on an extensive business at 29, Cornwall-place,
Holloway, near the gate. The flames began in one of
the workshops, and in spite of the most strenuous exer-
tions, the fire continued to travel with more than usual
rapidity, until the building, from the base to the roof,
presented an immense sheet of flame. The occupiers of
the contiguous premises, on seeing the danger to which
their own property was exposed, commenced tearing
out the windows of their dwellings, and throwing
their furniture into the street. At length a powerful
muster of engines belonging to the London Brigade,
West of England, and parish arrived, under the di-
rection of Mr. Colf and Mr. Connorton. An abundant
supply of water having been obtained, the engines were
immediately called into requisition, and vast bodies of
water were thrown into the burning mass, in spite of
which the work of destruction continued, and the flames
were not conquered until Mr. Biggs's premises were to-
tally destroyed, and with the exception of the little pro-
perty removed by the neighbours, the whole of his costly
stock in trade was burnt. No. 29, Cornwall-place, b-lowee-
ing to Mr. Stamford, is likewise severely damaged by fire,
water, and removal, and so is No. 27 in the same
thoroughfare, in the tenure of Mr. Willis. No. 26, in
the occupancy of Mr. Carpenter, is damaged by the re-
moval of furniture, &c.; and the back premises of Mr.
Lake, grocer, No. 41, Holloway-road, are extensively
injured. The whole of the premises were insured in
the General Fire-office, but none of the inmates except
Mr. Biggs were insured.
ST. PETER'S PARISH (DUBLIN) SAYINGS' BANK.
—Mr. David. Martin, of the London Provident Institu-
tion, has been appointed, on the recommendation of Mr.
Higham, the. Secretary of the National Debt Office. to
investigate the accounts of the St. Peter's Parish Savings'
Bank, Dublin; and it is believed that the Government
intend to issue a Commission in Dublin during the re-
cess for examining the claims of the fifteen hundred un-
paid depositors in that unfortunate institution. Mr.
Martin (who received his appointment by virtue of his
being an old Government clerk) is assisted by two
clerks from the Moorfields and one from the St. Martin's
Savings' Banks, and the extent of their labours may be
gathered from the fact that upwards of two tons' weight
of closely written ledgers and other finance records have
been already laid before them.-7he Reporter and Sav-
ing.' Bank Advocate for August.
WESTERN VALLEY RAlLWAY.—Wednesday, the
Ist instant, being the day appointed for the opening of
this line, a commencement of traffic operations took
place, but unaccompanied by any public demonstration.
Although a wonderful progress bad been made in a
short time—indeed, we might say, almost beyond credi-
bility to those who observed a few weeks ago the vast
extent of arrangements that were then to be completed
—things had not been sufficiently matured for a formal
opening, which we understand will take place about the
10th of this montb.—Monmouthshire Merlin.
MATCH AGAINST TIME.—On Friday Captain
Smith, of Holderliess House, Stratford, rode his horse on
the Essex road 11 miles in 49 minutes 46 seconds—time
allowed 50 minutes—for a wager of 200 guineas. The
animal stands 16 hands high, and appeared the least fa-
tigued of the two.
APOTHECARIES' ITALL.—The following are the
names of gentlemen who pas3ei their examination in
the science and practice of medicine, and received cer-
tificates to practise, on Thursday last:—Thomas William
Shea England, John Syer Bristowe, Charles Morgan,
Edmund Manley, Manchester; Walter Battershell Gill,
London ; Samuel Curtis Candler, Beccles, Suffolk;
Frederick Wm. Napoleon Wilson, Newcastle-upon-
Tyne; George Garnham, Martham, Norfolk; and James
Fuller.
Chancery havel3dPirect
WINDING OTed
tithAatlLaWilAYS..—Tchre
tAhleasatpeprosinitn.
ment of official managers t
winndotuicpestioe a
flit
companies moat be filed in the Chancery
de-
funct railway rs of de-
atraao
aboutclear
tdalsty
schemes in progress of being
officesthtrebefore application. At present
wound up.
It is the intention
of Lord Shaftesbury
the Chairmanship of Committees of the House to resign
before the re-assembling of Parliament. We
understand
ofd rstanPeers
that the appointment, which is one of considerablene d
emolument and no small influence, will be conferred on
Lord Beaumont.— Weekly Chronicle.
If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end
in doubt; but if he will be content to begin with doubts,
he shall end in certainties,—Eliza Cook's Journal.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS
TILES.—The must successful legal reform of our
time has been the establishment of the County Courts.
Until quite recently all attempts at change had been di-
rected to the provisions of statutes and the modification
of time-honoured rules of law—in civil procedure little
or nothing had been done. This is but to say, in other
words, that whatever reform might be imported into the
legal system of the country was but of trifling benefit to
the great bulk of suitors. Whh the establishment of
County Courts a new era commenced. No doubt it was
a great experiment, and many who are now loudest in
their praise of these new tribune's prophesied evil of
them on their first introduction. We are now speaking
after the fact, and we know that the change has
answered. Thousands of persons who, under the old
system, would have waved a right, or submitted to an
extortion, rather than meddle with lawyers, are now
enabled to comp forward and obtain justice, with-
out the fear that any advantage they may
expect from the decision of the Courts must
be more than counterbalanced by the costs
of the proceedings. Now, at least, we have cheap law,
and, despite of the old dictum, which certainly emanated
from the front benches of Westminster-hall—cheap law
and good law have been identical in the case of the
County Courts. Let us take care that we keep up the
character of tribunals Ss) essential to the correct admi-
nistration of justice in this country. The working of
each of these Courts depends upon the capacity and integ-
rity of two officers—a judge and a clerk. Now, it is a
commonplace, even amongst the most economical Re-
formers, that to secure the services of proper men you
must give an adequate remuneration. The worst saving
is that which is elf cted by the deterioration of a tribu-
nal. The salary of the judge hal been fixed by the
statute under which the County Courts were created at
1,2001. a year, and that of the clerks at 6001. a year.
Considering the vast amount of business success-
fully transacted before these tribunals, no one can
maintain that the stipend is an unreasonable one.
A barrister or rn attorney who accepts either one or
other of these employments virtually disqualifies himself
from all chance of professional ad vaucemt nt. Whatever
liberty be left him by the Act, his time is so fully occu-
pied by the business of the Court that he is in effect in-
capacitated from seeking any business on his, own pri-
vate account. Under such circumstances the salaries
we have named cannot be deemed excessive. They arc
rather below than above the mark, if it be our wish to
secure the services of competent persons. Under the
faith of the statute, the barristers who accepted the
appointments withdrew from private practice—for
the acceptance of a County Court's judgeship
amounted to that—and made up their minds to devote
their time and energy to the public service. Yet,
when they were usefully and profitably employed,
and discharging their duties with signal success, these
officers were cut down from 1,200/. to 1,0001. a year.
['his vas a very hard, and a very arbitrary Act.
But even thus we have not stated the case quite
fair:y, for a large amount of busiesse has devolved on
,he judge in addition to what was centrmplated on their
first establishment—as, for ex imple, the insolvent busi-
ness. There are moreover all the cases which would
have gone before the Palace Court, which will noer be
disseminated amongst certain of the judges of the metro-
politan districts. Not satisfied, however, will reducing
the salary of the judges, we now find that Sir George
Grey and Sir John Jervis, between them, have, by an
Order in Council three or four days old, mulcted the
clerks in 1001. per annum, without assigning any valid
reason for so extraordinary a step. Such economy as
!his is to be regretted. If the purpose of the Attorney-
General be to injure the character of these new tribu-
nals, by driving from them comps tent officers, he is pur-
-ining a politic system;—bar, as such a course is highly
injurious to the public service, wo are sorry to see that
40 far he has been successful in his attempt.
EXAMINER.—FOREIGN POLlCY.—Divide et Impera
is a maxim as ancient as history. The strength of an-
solutism consists in the want of union of its upouents.
To prevent or to impair such union is thee., fore the
policy of the school of politicians of which Metternich
may be considered the head. The speech of Lord Pal-
merston on Hungary and Austria, which appeared likely
+o rally around him all sections of the Liberals, and
many honest and moderate Conservatives, boded no good
to this party. It was dangerous to let it pass ulna-
tacksd ; and yet it seemed unassailable. The mere
cautious of their organs held warily aloof ; and we find
the forlorn hope led by a journal of liberal opinions. The
line of attack taken is, not that Lord Palmerston is too
liberal in his views, but that he is not liberal enough;
that he is not prepared to make good his words by deeds
and to follow up the thunder of his eloquence by the thun-
der of cannon. From all which, the very necessary and
satisfactory conclusion is to be derived, that it would be
better to have some one at the head of the Foreign-office
who would have neither words nor deeds for the cause of
progress and humanity, but would use both against it. The
correctness of Lord Palmerston's statements with regard
to Hungary and Austria is not impugned. It is most
undeniable " that Austria, by the course of policy she
has pursued, has identified herself with obstruction to
progress." It is equally undeniable " that Hungary has
for centuries been a state which, though united with
Austria by the link of the Crown, has nevertheless been
separate and distinct from Austria by its own complete
, constitution." It i 3 no less true that " the question
(i. e., the immediate question irrespective of results)
now to be fought for on the plains of Hungary is this—
whether Hungary shall continue to maintain its sepa-
rate rationality as a distinct kingdom, and with a Con-
stitudon of its own, or whether it is to be incorporated
more or less in the aggrega,e Constitution that is to be
given to the Austrian empire?" It is no lees true " that if
Hungary should by superior forces be utterly crushed.
Austria in that battle will have crushed her right arm"
(and consequently must hopelessly and helplessly resign
herself henceforth to be a vassal of the Czlr); and
" that if the Hungarians should be successful, and their
success should end in the entire separation of Hungary
from Austria, this will be such a dismemberment of the
Austrian Empire as will prevent Austria from continu-
ing to occupy the great position she has hitherto held
among European Powers" (a result by no means to be
deprecated, if, in place of a decrepit State, which has
identified itself with obstruction to progress, there should
arise a vigorous and progressive State; a State, too, that
would be the shield of Austria herself against Cossack
aggression, and give her one more opportunity of deve-
loping her natural resources). What, then, is the
charge brought against Lord Palmerston? It is this,—
that he contented himself with expressing his matured
and deliberate opinion upon a subject of the utmost mo-
ment to Great Britain, to Europe, to civilization itself,
without at the same time " being ready to redeem his
word with a host:" that is, without going at once to war.
Now, we are afraid it would be a dangerous doctrine to
lay down, that a nation ought to, or may, go to war in
support of what she " counts good and just in politics."
This was the doctrine of the first French Republic;
and we know its results. To justify a war there must
be a casus belli. It is quite true that Austrian forces
have invaded Hungary without being invited
by any legally constituted authority in that
country. Russian forces hare dune the same.
But Hungary is not an ally of Great Britain. The
Sovereigns of Great Britain have been in alliance with
the Emperors of Germany and Kings of Hungary, then
with the Emperors of Austria and Kings of Hungary, so
long as the crown of Hungary was worn by the same in•
dividual who wore the Imperial Crown of Germany or
of Austria. But at present there is no legitimate King
of Hungary (if any regard whatever is to be paid to the
letter and the spirit of so many compacts between King
and people of that nation) ; and the de facto Hungarian
Government has not yet been recognised. Diplomatic
relations subsist between the Cabinet of St. James' and
the Austrian Cabinet; they do not subsist between the
Cabinet of St. James' and the Hungarian Cabinet. Ac-
cording to international law, Hungary is a political non-
entity with regard to Great Britain. If anything more
than an attack upon Lord Palmerston is meant by those
who employ the arguments adverted to, if they really
feel any sympathy with the Hungarians, let them concur
with us in urging the immediate recognition of the pre-
sent defacto Hungarian Government; a step which would
be of incalculable benefit to the Hungarians, while neither
Austria and Russia could have the slightest ground to
take umbrage at it. We, who have always been the ad-
vocates of the Hungarian cause, demand this. We might
also advise the conclusion of a commercial treaty with
Hungary, a treaty which is offered by duly accredited
envoys on the most liberal terms. But it does not follow
that we should feel ourselves justified in recommending
a war in support of the Hungarians, all-important as
we think their success to the preservation of the balance
of power, and to the best interests of order, progress,
civilization, and commerce. As for the possibility of
" defining and limitieg the occasions of intervention,"
and of " embodying in a formal declaration the principles
by which this country is prepared to stand," we think
that, it it were done by some clever essayist, it might
probably look as well as Count Stadion's Charter, and be
equally effective—on paper. Under such a system we should
indeed be "likely to go to war by accident, to enforce some
purpose which we do not see,"—being tied down to the
letter of a declaration that would doubtless be susceptible of
as many interpretations as there were interested parties.
But if this difficulty could be got over, it seems to us
not sufficient that a cause be " politically just." Take,
for instance, the Hungarian cause, in which not a flaw
can be detected. Would the latter circumstance alone
have been a sufficient claim to our sympathy, if the
"politically just" cause had been only maintained by a
party in the state; and if, as happens to be the case, the
vast majority of the inhabitants of the country of all
classes were not ready to shed their last drop of blood
in its defence? But further, if we "have not yet out-
lived the practice of war," we would suggest that be-
sides the intrinsic justice of the cause, some regard is
usually paid to other circumstances ; to the internal
resources, and to the state of public feeling, both in the
country that meditates war arid in its opponent. "To
everything there is a season," sitith the Preacher,
"and a time to every purpose under the heavens :
a time to keep silence, and a time to speak ;
a time to love, and a time to bate ; a time
for war, and a time for peace :"—but, according
to the precious scheme of a definition of occasions for
intervention, we should not take advantage of times and
seasons, but should slide into wars, unprepared and un-
armed, according to such and such a paragraph, or sec-
tion so and so, of the " Declaration." We sincerely
hope that England, at least, has "outlived the practice
of war; but if, in the course of years, circumstances
should arise to endanger peace, we would rather confide
in the tried skill and sagacity of a veteran diplomatist,
when united with Liberal principles, than in all the
paper formulee that have ever been issued.
.'The doctrine
ehraov eughcommented
expressu paonn amounts
ontOti,t.
eh
etrhi
tent
of
opown
r e
tphairse d d tooc t
rbiancok
intoha
- t
f or
opinionforeign contest t e,s,t a without
h o
sbeing
t Car Carry
sivete lite and no individual ought
an
express
- opinion concerning his neighbour's quarrel without
being prepared to interfere more (Cr less actively.
The "warning reproof" addressed by Lord Palmerston
Austria—the "contingent of words," " syra-

pathy but not help," given to the Hungarians by the
meeting at the London Tavern—are alike sneered at.
But 1 the " warning reproof " and the " sympathy"
altogether inoperative? We think otherwise. It is
something to go abroad to Europe, that " Lord
Brougham's rule, which was, or ought to have been,
the rule of the high Tories when they existed in
England," will not be adopted in England ; that the
treasure of the country will not be wasted to purchase
oppression for the nations, and hatred fur our-
selves, in support of the principle of Lord
Brougham—that England is to interfere for princes,
but not for peoples ; that she is to protect Fer-
dinand of Naples, Ferdinand of Austria, and Nicholas
of Russia, but not Sicilians, nor Hungarians, nor
Poles. Although the " high Tories" are atsumed no
longer to exist in England, yet for our our parts we can
conceive a change in the Foreign-eflice which would be
likely to lead, if not to tho " recognition," at least to
the carrying out in practice, of " Lord Brougham's
rule." But there are many ways in which moral influ-
ence many have something more than a negative effect;
and the Camariila at Vikaintt is already beginning to feel
it. We do not apprehend that the argument on which
we have been c. m.nenting, will have much weight with
the public. The attempts to impair the confidence of
the nation in Lord Palmerston, and to discredit the
movement in favour of the Hung,trian cause, are more
likely to recoil upon the heads of those who are thus
doing all in their power to pave the . .e.-ay for the return
of Lord Aberdeen to the Fwrign office.

LAW IN TELLIGE.:‘ CE.
'ESIMINSTEI; COUNTY CUUUT, Aug. 4.
LUCK V. ALLEN.

This was
Idt'fh,tridbaynt, the master car-
the plaintiff,
stage carpenter,
againstagainstbr
taction t
heo
penter at the Royal Italian Opera, Covent-garden, to
recov -4- the sum of 21. 17s. fur work in bringing out the
Ta n
Prophete.
The plaintiff stated that he had been employed at the
theatre le cile.stion, and always reciiced his wages re-
gularly until Mr. Delafield declared himself a bai.krupt.
That was on a Saturday, when the artists of the theatre
undertook themselves to keep the house open that night,
and the defendant promised plaintiff, if he would con-
tinue at his work, to sec that he was paid. He always
considered the defendant as his employer, and looked
to him for payment.
The JUDGE thought the liability 111 on the lessees of
the theatre. In his opinion, the defendant stood in just
the same position as M. Costa, who paid the baud with
the money he got from the lc sees.
Mr. CuarrELL, for the d..fenclant, said that after M.
Laporte gave up the old Italian Opera several actions
were brought against the directors in the different
partments of the theatre, but all of them faired, it being
held that the Lssee alone was liable.
The JUDGE considered that the deft rulant was liable
alone for the three days that the defendant was em-
ployed at the theatre upon his (defendant's) promise to
pay him. He was not responsible for the former portion
of the debt. His Honour gave a verdict for 17s.

Sheriff to the rear of the court, and in a few minutes
they returned.
The Clerk of Assize—Ladies of the jury, are you
agreed upon your verdict? Do you say the prisoner is
with child of a quick child or no:?
Several ladies—We say she is.
•
The JUDGE—Let the sentence be respite].
The prisoner, who appeared to be weak from her situa-
tion, but to b!-., but little affected by her awful position,
was then assisted from the bar.

IV OR THERA' CI RC Ul T.—Carlisle, Aug. 4.
CROWN coußT.—(l3Moreyr. Justice PATTESON.)

Rickard Graham, 342 was indicted for bigamy.

. .
It appeared a person of the prisoner's name was mar-
rie at Annan, in Scotland, in 1834, to one Mary Eliza-
beth Hammond, the daughter of a Mr. Ilc.minond there,
who had been in the West Indies formerly, and had
three daughters by a black, and the daughters were
coloured, which was a material feature in the case, as
there was some difficulty in identifying the parties.
Mr. Hammond having got, it was supposed, mf,ney with
his black wire, had returned to Scotland, and become a
farmer at Annan, and the prisoner bad been in his ser-
vice, and had ingratiated himself with one of the
daughters.
The jury finding him Guilty,
His LORDSHIP senterrn d him to ba impriscned nine
months, with hard labour.
John Weed was indicted for the manslaughter of
Thomas Wilson, at Crosscencnby, near Maryport, on the
16th April last, by administering to him a narco:ic and
irritant poison.
This was not presented as a case of en aggravated
character, they did not charge the prisoner with any ill
intention in what he had done—on the contrary, he in-
tended, no doubt, to do great good—but with ignorantly
and rashly administering a dangerous substance, in a
scriena ant dangerous case, namely, lobilia in./lett, which
was a narcotic irritant poizon. The dec••ased was
youth of 17i years of age, a joiner, as was his father,
in the employ of the railway company. On Thursday,
the 12 of April, he complained of bein.,?: unwell, and
did not go to his work till ei,Jit o'clock. He was a little
better on Friday, but on Saturday he was again
unwell; and at his rceprest, John Story, a blacksmith, a
mewl) r of the Butane Society at Mat.) port, was called
in, and he administered yarrow and clyenne, and after-
wards mountain fl,x, as he complained of' great pain in
the lower part of his belly. At four o'clonk on Sunday
morning he aas so ill that he was shrieking with pain,
and he desired his father to send for the prisoner, whom
he I:netv, and had employed before. The prison,r came,
and ordered him a dos:,, which, among other things, con-

tamed two teaspoonstul of lobelia, wh;ch would be at
least 120 grains, to be tair, n inwardly, and an injccion,
containing 60 grain'i. The dose and the injection were re•
peated (nr. Bliss acid, but this W 45 not satisfactorily
pror d. The pri,oner (.; ho is a shoemaker, and a
member of the Maryport Botanical Society) had a hook
with him, and he showed the deceased and his father a
case, which he said wal similar to the son's, and asked
thcln if they were willing that he should treat the son
in the same way, and both consented. Then he g-ive the
medicine. He then became so bad that Dr. Peva-ion, of
Marypor, was called in, and afterward.; Dr. Curds, ar.d
they had a consultation, and did what they could for him,
but the poor youth was then in a 11,,pcless state, a:ld died
at four o'clock the same day. Oa a post murtcm cx,uni •
nation the surgeon found congestion of the brain, lungs,
and heart, produced, in their opinion, by a vegetable
poison, and that in their opinion was the cause of death.
Lobelia, they said, would proe!uce those effects.
Mr. Sergeant WimuNs (with whom was Mr. James)
addressed the jury for the prisoner, and contended that
the prisoner had shown the great'st care and c•ution,
his only ohj being to relieve gratuitously the sufferings
of his friend, at his and his father's pressing instance,
and that the prosecution was, in fact, instituted by the
medical tern to put down a rival.
Mr. Justice PATTESON summed up, and the jury Ac•
quitted the prisoner.

within the last forty year:.); to the most frightful social
c ,nvulsions; to a war of r, oktaires against those who
still possess property; and to a scene of universal dis-
order, of which no man can tell the end. The people of

most continental countries have lost the habits and tra-
ditions of self-government, together with their chartered
liberties; the Hungarians have maintained these habits
and their prescriptive rights through good and evil
times. In their defence they have poured • out their
blood like Water,' not merely now, but in bygone ages.
One Hungarian generation has handed down to another
the torch of constitutional liberty, for the benefit not
merely of themselves, but of the a hole world. Such a
nation the real Conservative must wish to see, not simply
saved from annihilation, but taking a prominent part in
the affairs of the Continent; as a model of rational Go•-
vernment and a guarantee for the maintenance of order
and security in the east of Europe.

PROSPECTS FOR HUNGARY.
(From the Examiner )
The Times has reluctantly admitted, during the past
w( the that the plan of the campaign agairtst Hungary
as it was begun by the Imperial armies, has been Oirlo-
eated by the skill end vigour of the Hungarian com-
manders, and that down to the latest dates the fortune of
war was with the latter. This feet has at the same time
assisted our coast mporary to the belief that the Ottoman
Porte may possibly take p'trt in the struggle, and that
upon the whole the Hungarians have really better chances
than it had hitherto allowed itself to think possible.
Other evidences of returning prospnrity are not wanting
to this great and gallant cause.
While Paskiewich and the Ban are out-generalled by
the Hungarian commanders, public opinion in this coun-
try is every day pronouncing itself in a mere decided
manner and with more substantial effect. We have the
best authority for stating that. the Austrian Cemarilla is
seriously alarmed at the state of feeling in England and
at the tone of the independent English press; and this
was before the account of the debate in the House of
Commons on the 20th July, and of the meeting at the
London Tavern, had reached Vienna. The knowledge
of the fact should stimulate the friends of the Hunga-
rians in this country to fresh exertions on their behalf.
The example of public meetings, which has been so
auspiciously given at the London Tavern, and followed
by Marylebone, is being imitated all over the country.
Nor should these meetings be confused to vague and go
naral expressions of sympathy; they should tend to a
practical purpose—the re cognition by English statesmen
of the etc facto Government of Hunaary.
The tut cling at Marylebone may challenge compari-
son with any held in that borough, Lit respectability,
order, and unanimity. That the speech& s were of a de-
cidedly liberal cast is no more then might have been
expected. But the peculiarity of the Hungarian cause
is this, thatit invites the sympathy and support of partisans
of the most various shades of political opinions, of the
moderate and rational Conservative no less than of the con-
stitutional Radical. The lover of religious free dons and
the loecr of commercial freedom are equally interested
in the triumph of the Hungarians.
It was well shown at the Marylebone meeting that
every step which Russia makes westward has the effect
of closing to British industry a previously-existing
market, or of preventing a fresh one from being opened ;
that, consequently, so much bread is taken out of the
mouth of the British stamen, or prevented from being
put into it. That Austria, as at present constituted,
is not a barrier against the territorial aggrandiz.!ment
of Russia, is evident. As Colonel Thompson very per-
tinently observed, the guardian (!) of European civilisa-
tion has opened the door and let the robber in. That
the success of the Hungarians would at once open to us
a market hardly inferior to that of Russia, and capable
of indefinite extension, we have already indicated; and
we may at some future time treat this question more in
detail.
To the determined persecution of religious freedom by
the House of Hapsburg, and the assertion of this great
principle by the Hungarians, all history beers record.
With regard to what is now passing, Lord Dudley
Stuart stated the fact that in the present Hungarian
Government, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Csanad, the
distinguised historian Hortlth, is ;;Minister for Eccle-
siastical Affairs; but that the Secretary in that de-
partment is a Protestant, Professor Szasz, a distin-
guished member of the Protestant College of Enyed,
—a college which is still in the r ceipt of English
funds, contributed at a time when the sympathies of
English Protestants for the cause of religious freedom
on the Continent were something more substantial than
a name. In the other departments of the Ministry are
members of the Catholic and Greek Churches, slid of
various Protestant confessions. The civil disabilities
under which the Jews in Hungary, as elsewhere, la•
boured, have also been unreservedly removed.
What may be expected if Hungary should lose its
independence, and be reduced to the condition of an
Austrian or Russian province, is shown by a speech of
General Benedek, commander of a division of the Aus-
trian army, to the municipal authorities of the town of
Rosenau, in the month of April last. General Benedek
is himself a Protestant and a Hungarian, and therefore
his speech must be looked upon, not as the expression of
his private opinions, but as conveying the deliberate
sentiments of the Austrian Government. He said—
" This rebellion is a Protestant rebellion; it will never
be put down till the Protestants are put down. Till
the end of th:! war, it will be necessary to keep under a
strict surveillance of the police every Protestant clergy-
man and Protestant professor." Although this speech
is a sufficient exponent of the intentions of the Austrian
Government, yet it is only partially true. The national
cause is not solely or exclusively Protestant. To the
names of the many victims of Austrian tyranny • must
be added that of the truly apostolical and liberal-
minded Catholic Archbishop of Erlau, Lonovics, who has
been thrown into prison for the crime of having drawn
up the representation of the Catholic Bishops to King
Ferdinand; a representation presented by the Arch-
bishop of Gran, the Primate of klungary, in conjunction
with Lonovics himself. This document, which suf-
ficiently expresses the views of the Catholic clergy with
regard to the national struggle, is to be found in the Ap-
pendix to Count Teleki's "Case of Hungary Stated."
That every Liberal shotild warmly sympathise with the
Hungarians is but natural. No nation has given such
an example of a privileged class having voluntarily re.
counted its exclusive privileges, and having raised the
unprivileged to a perfect equality with itself for the
benefit of their common country. No nation has been a
more consistent advocate of civil, religious, and commercial
freedom. But above all, the sympathies of the moderate
and far-sighted Conservative ought to be enlisted on
their behalf. The Hungarians are pre-eminently, above
all other Continental nations, the sticklers for precedent
and for the letter of the law. Indeed, the reproach that
has been urged against them with the greatest semblance
of justice, is that they are not revolutionary enough for
the present age. Perczel urged in the Diet that the
Hungarian regiments serving in Italy should be recalled.
The policy of his motion was admitted; its constitutional
legality was doubted; and owing to legal scruples, Hun-
gary herself strengthened the hands of her enemies.
Similarly, it was long before the Hungarian Government,
although warned by bitter experience, could resolve to
persue the fugitive Jellachich over the Austrian frontier,
without being first invited by some legally-constituted
Austrian authority.
The ameliorations effected is the Hungarian Consti-
tution by the National party were not brought about by
revolutionary measuiTs; they were net the result of an
emeute, however Justifiable an emucte may be in some
cases; but they were carried out by legal means upon
the broadly-trodden and clearly-defined path of Parlia-
mentary Reform. Nor were these ameliorations elf cted
in conseqtience of a sudden impulse inspired by the events
of France. The February Revolution of Paris un-
doubtedly strengthened the hands of the Hungarians
by the terror which it caused to Metternich and his
satellites. But the measures of Reform themselves
were nothing mere than the legitimate development of
the spirit of the Hungarian constitution, carried out by
rneane in strict accoldence with measures which had
been urged upon the Government by the National party
since 1832, and of which Mr. Paget thus speaks:—

"The favourite objects of their desires were—after THE COUNTRY MARKETS.
strengthening the nationality of Hungary—freedom of LIVERPOOL, AUG. 4.—The business at yesterday's
commerce, and an improved commercial code ; the nevi- market was very moderate. The best quality of wheat
gation of the_Danube, and the improvement of internal and good brands of flour were not to b 3 had under
communication ; increased freedom and education of the I Tuesday's quotations, but secondary samples were easier
peaeantry ; the repeal of laws preventing the free pur- to buy. The price of Indien corn was irregular. 25s t.
chase and sale of landed property ; perfect equality of per 4801 b was accepted for the best yellow corn, whilst:
all religions, and the freedom of the press. For t, he fine write' brought 27s to 27s 6d per 4801 b, and a good
greater part of these objects they are still struggling.' clearance was effected at those rates. Oats and oatmeal
Paget's hungary and 7ransylvanza, Vol. 1., p. 162. were both dull. Grinding barley declined ld per bushel,
This was written ten years ago. Much had been and p, as Is per quarter. Egyptian beans were 6d per
effected, spite of Government intrigues, subsequently to quarter cheaper. With exceedingly fine weather to-flay
that period, and previously to the Diet of 184748. Id the grain trade is without activity, and prices stand
that Diet many of the most important internal reforms nominally as yesterday.
had passed not merely the Lower, but the upper House, s. d. S. qi
before Feb. 1848. These reforms, together with others
conceived in the same spirit, obtained the sanction of
the then legitimate Monarch of the country. Nor was
the nature of these reforms more truly conservative than
the manner in which they were efftcted. Where vested
interests were found to be incompatible with the welfare
of the State, the holders of such vested interests were
indemnified for their surrender; and the electoral quali-
fication of property and intelligence, which was substi-
tuted fur teat of birth, preserved a just mean between
too wide and too narrow a suffrage. An inc me of 10/.
in towns, a property equivalent to 30/. in the country,
is very diff rent from what such a qualification would
be here; when we consider that in Hungary meat is.
three-halfpence a pound, and wheat fifteen shillings a
quarter.
In Hungary we do not find one faction struggling
against another, democracy against aristocracy, poverty
against wealth. The whole nation has risen as one man
in defence of its Constitution against revolutionary des-
potism, in defence of ' its independence against foreign
invasion. The newly enfranchised peasantry are not
less ardent in the naticnal cause than those who, before
the reforms, were exclusively in possession of the tall
rights of citizenship. The really independent and un-
etebarrasted magnates, the peers of Hungary, are found
aiding the same cause with their arm, their purse, or
their counsel. One Batthyany is expiating his attach.
ment to his country in the dungeons of Laibach; another
takes the department of foreign affairs in Kossuth's
Ministry. A Karolyi raises a regiment of hussars at his
own expense; and a Toleki, of the noblest and wealthiest
hoase in Transylvania, is actively employed in the diplo-
matic service of his country, But abuve all, the country
geatlemon of ancient lineage are found where they ought
to be found in such a crisis. We observe that Mai zi-
banyi, the wealthiest untitled ,noble of Hungary, has
just been sentenced by livynau to a fine of 2,0002 for
his patriotism. It is from this class, indeed, that the
men who so ably fill the various posts in the present
Government are priecipsely taken—men well acquainted
with the routine of administration, who are qualified for
the stations they hold at present by the experience of
years as magistrates in their respective counties, and as
ti members of the National Diet.
If the Han Arians and the llungirian Constitution be
crushed, what defenders of legality and rational civil
self-government will be left in Central and Eastern
Europe? The tendencies of the military despotism which
is at present predominant, are no less levelling than those
of the most unbridled ochlocracy; no less opposed to all
free action of individuals or of corporations. But how
long can this military despotism last? It can only be
supported by numerous armies of soldiers, and hardly
less numerous armies of paid civil functionaries. In
proportion as the number of unproductive consumers in-
creases, so do not merely the numbers bat the energies
of the producers diminish ; as the burdens become
heavier, the' capacity of bearing them becomes less.
This state of things leads to a national
bankruptcy (a consummation from which Aus-
tria is not far distant for the third time

S. d. 8. a.
IBarley,Foeding.. 3 8 to 4 0

Wheat, per 701 b :

English, white .. 7 2 to 7 4
Do. red.. .. 7 0— 7 2
Irish, new .. 6 3 6 6
Do., old • • .. 6 6 6 7
Dantsic.. .. 7 6 - 7 9

Do., good mixed 7 3 8 0
.oweriltdticovhit.; 6 H 7
_Ol

Do.
American .

Rye, Per 4bolb •• 28 0 —BO 0
Beans, English, pr
imperial quartr 34 0 36 0
Irish and Scotch,
per 4801 b— 30 0 —3( 0

red.. 6 9 6 11
6 6 7 6

Foreign, duty pd. 21 0 24 6
European, per im-

Canadian •• .. 6 6= 7 6
Spanish, red and
white..

• 7 0- 7 21

peiial quarter.. 32 0 —33 0
Peas, English, per

Tuscan and Bar-

letta, red .. 6 7 - 6 101
Marianopoli 5 10 6 0

Odessa, l'ollsh .. 6 0

—a 31

imperial quartr 32 0 —33 0
Foreign .• .. 28 0— 30 0
Malt, English, per

imperialquartr 56 0 60 0

Do., Irish .. 55 0 —56 0
Do., brown • • 54 0 —57 0

Flour, English, pr

Do., - hard.. • • 5 2 5 61

Egypt-lan •• .. 4 3 —••b C
Oats, per 451b:—

2801 b

.. 35 0 - 37 0

tri-b, extra fine.. 36 0 38 0
United States, per

barrel

24 0 - 26 0