The Sun.
London, England, 1836-03-18 00:00:00

'Trlio t‘-..;:ttlx-+

LONDON,
FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 18, 1836.

In another part of our Paper, our readers will find
the_ substance of the inaugural lecture delivered yester-
day at Oxford by Dr. HANIPDEN. We are extremely
sorry to have been under the necessity of abridging a
composition so eloquent, and in many respects so inte-
resting, but the crowded state of our columns must
plead our excuse. For the same reason we are pre-
cluded from making any other remark than that
it must now be evident to every one that some other
cause than unsoundness, in the leading points of
orthodoxy, has been at the bottom of the persecution
which the Learned Professor has suffered from the
Members of the University. Had Dr. HAMPDEN
been as sound in the political as he is in the religious
faith professed at Oxford, we never should have heard
of any opposition to his appointment.

The cultivation of waste-lands in Ireland has always
appeared to us one of the most obvious as well as
most effectual means of improving the state of that
hitherto neglected country. Ireland presents an ano-
maly in the history of nations striking in many res-
pects, but in none more remarkable than this, that,
though possessing a genial climate and a fertile soil,
the great mass of the inhabitants have been condemned
to the most abject poverty, and to all the vice and mi-
sery which usually follow in its train. Generations of
men, whose energies, had they been properly directed,
would have advanced their country in the scale of ci-
vilization, and added an almost incalculable amount to
the national wealth, have sunk, one after another, into
the grave, without leaving a trace of their existence,
except what is to be found in the records of
crime. To what is this to be attributed ?
Are the Irish so averse to labour that they
will rather endure the severest privations, and submit
patiently to the worst that can befal them in a state of
idleness, than betake themselves to those industrious
pursuits by which alone the conveniences and comforts
of life are to be obtained ? No supposition could be
more erroneous than this. It is refuted by the strongest
of all testimony—the testimony of daily experience.
By whom is the hardest labour in this great metropolis
performed ? By Irishmen. Instead of preferring
idleness for its own sake, we find the Irish in London,
Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow—in all our
great towns in short—submitting to become " hewers
of wood and drawers of water," enjoying almost a mo-
nopoly of the most laborious and disagreeable occu-
pations ; and when this resource fails them, seeking
in foreign lands that employment which they cannot
' find at home. In these praiseworthy struggles, to
rescue themselves from the unmerited hardness of their
domestic lot, the natives of Ireland are the means of
inflicting injury on others. They undersell the
labourers of England in the labour-market, and drive
multitudes of them into the workhouse. This has
long been felt as a serious evil, both by the labourers
themselves and by the rate-payers who support them,
and has not without reason been numbered among the
causes of that distress of which the agriculturists
com-
plain. It is evident that neither this, nor that still
greater evil, which consists in the annual emigration
of so many thousands of the best part of the popula-
tion, can be cured in any other way than by employing
the Irish at home.

To do this to any extent has hitherto been found

impracticable, from the unsettled state df the eOttnt"'
.1'
and other unfavourable circumstances. 1)
day begins at last to dawn ~ut a brighter
which has hitherto doue her 7" Ireland. Legislation,
much inichief, has at lastfo
soun
d little
o ut good,tilo
source
so

her evils, and is applying the proper remedy. The
redress of her grievances, and the employment of her
superabundant population, through the medium of a
well-considered system of poor laws, arc now no longer
questions the policy of which has to be discussed, but
measures actually in progress.

These measures have produced their natural result

in restoring Ireland to a state of tranquillity to which
she has long been a stranger, and in turning the
attention of capitalists to a country possessing so many
natural advantages—the resources of which indeed
may be said to be inexhaustible. A Society has been
formed, as appeared by an advertisement in our paper
of yesterday, for cultivating the waste lands of Ireland.
It is under the patronage of some of the first names
i❑ the list of the' Irish Peerage, and seems to us—whe-
ther regarded in a national or commercial point of
view—as the means of calling into activity the dor-
mant industry of the Irish people, or as a safe and
profitable mode of investing capital, highly worthy of
public encouragement.
The plan of the Society, as we learn from the Pros-
pectus, is not to purchase, but to obtain a long lease of
the lands they intend to cultivate, and when it is con-
sidered that there are in Ireland, according to Parlia-
mentary Reports, nearly five millions of acres of waste
lands, capable of being reclaimed, what a vast field
is here opened for the enterprising capitalist I--what
an inexhaustible source of benefit to the unemployed
and starving natives of that country ! -The Society
has our most ardent wishes for success in its truly
patriotic undertaking.

The more we see and hear of Lord STANLEY'S
" Sayings and Doings," the more we are astonished that
he should ever have fancied himself a Liberal. Still
more are we surprised that he should ever have voted
for the Reform Bill, the main objects of which he is
now actually endeavouring to retard and embarrass.
Nature—whatever circumstances may for a season have
done—evidently intended his Lordship for a Tory. His
blind reverence for Mother Church, which increases in
exact proportion to the old lady's doting imbecility ;
Lis indifference to all the best interests of Ireland ; his
innate preference of coercive to conciliatory measures.;
his dislike of progressing, in the way of Reform,
brisker thati at a snail's pace; his patrician arro-
gance ; his supercilious condescension ; his school-
boy sophistry ; his spleen—pertness—and small,
tricky ingenuity—all prove him to be a chip of
the true Tory block. Seated where he now is, on the
Opposition Bench—and God grant he may long con-
tinue there I—he has the handsomest possible op-
portunity of bringing all his innate Conservative qua-
lifications into full play ; and who knows, if he but go
on as he• has begun, but he may, at no distant period,
eclipse even PEEL himself in plausibility, and BILLY
HOLNIES in cunning ? Look, for instance, at his
Lordship's conduct last night with respect to the
Macclesfield Small Debts' Bill. How much true
Tory promise was developed on that occasion I The
Bill in question had never, it seems, been printed ;
no notice of the third reading had been entered on
the List ; and but few Members were acquainted with
the obnoxious clause : yet these things, which would
have made an honest Reformer pause, only confirmed
Lord STANLEY in his resolution to persevere. Ac-
cordingly, the House—after the good old Tory fashion
duly packed for the purpose, his Lordship
rose to move the third Reading of the Bill, and would
have succeeded in fully smuggling it through, had it
not been for the manly opposition of Mr. Hum E, who,
detecting the manoeuvre at a glance, boldly denounced
it, and assisted by Messrs. ROEBUCK, WARBURTON,
and GROTE, procured the adjournment of the House.
Thus far, therefore, his Lordship is disappointed,
which we are heartily glad of ; not merely because we
like to see low cunning defeated—as it generally is in
the long run—but because, had the Bill finally passed
the House, it would have stultified all its former pro-
ceedings as respects the question of Imprisonment for
Debt.

An official copy of the treaty of Unkiar Skelessi,
with the separate and secret article annexed, will be
found in another column. The advocates of our
foreign policy will find in this document matter
for grave reflection. For our own part, we can-
not conceive how a British Minister could bring
himself to submit this treaty to the consideration
of Parliament, unaccompanied by copies of those
threatening remonstrances which lie considered
it his duty to employ the moment he learned that
Russia had compelled the Porte to enter into a con-
spiracy against the interests and honour of the British
empire. In fact, a stranger to the debate on Lord
DUDLEY STUART'S motion, reading this treaty for
the first time, in the bald form in which it is now laid
on the table of the Commons' House of Parliament,
would infer from its tenour that Lord PALMERSTON had
been unjustly denied an opportunity of defending
his own conduct as Foreign Minister, by refusing him
the privilege of publishing his correspondence with the
Russian Cabinet. To presume that he could be
other than most anxious to give every publicity to his
own despatches would, under such circumstances, be
impossible, without admitting that his Lordship had
entirely overlooked his duty as a British Minister.

We have received by express the Madrid Gazette
up to the 11th inst. The Gazette of the 10th con-
tains a decree for the suppression of all the monaste-
ries, and convents of friars arid nuns, in Spain, which
are to be closed immediately, and all their property to
be appropriated to the State—to be applied to the re-
demption of the national and foreign debt.
It is said that the Ministry was completed, with M.
ISTURIZ at the head, and MENDIZABAL Minister of
Finance, and that those appointments would not be
made public until two or three days before the meet-
ing of the Cortes.

A Correspondent writes us from Madrid, that he
understood that remittances were about to be made to
London on account of the Dividends. A rumour is
afloat in the City this morning, that part of these funds
has just reached London.

We have received a file of New York Papers to the
28th ult. The power of President JACKSON is on the
wane. This fact requires no other confirmation than
what is supplied by the passing of a Bill by the Senate
and Representatives of the State of Pennsylvania, for
chartering a Bank, to be called " The United States'
Bank." This Bill was presented to the Governor on
the 18th ult , and was immediately signed by him.
All the world knows what trouble it cost the Presi-
dent to prevent the renewal of the Federal Bank's
Charter ; and every person with two ideas in his head
must recognize in the new Bank a practical illustration
of the fable of the phwnix. The personal friends of
the President are greatly enraged that such a mea-
sure should have received the sanction of the Go-
vernor ; and the portion of the Press devoted to the
maintenance of his views denounce the whole transac-
tion as an infamous attempt to swindle the people out
of their money. But all this outcry will prove ineffec-
tual. The new Bank Charter is for thirty years, so
that a trifling delay in its organization will be of little
consequence. Moreover the great bulk of its share-

holders will be composed of the very men whom the
President imagined he had for ever prostrated. In
fact, nothing of any importance will be changed but
the name ; so that, in reality, the new Charter is
neither more nor less than a renewal of the old one.
All that the President really effected, after years of
incessant labour, and a perpetual struggle with the
Governors of the Federal Bank, was a temporary sus-
pension of the Bank's mercantile operations.

According to a report recently made to Congress by
the Secretary of the Treasury the total number of
Banks in the United States, including branch Banks,
is seven hundred and four, with a capital in round
numbers of two hundred and thirty-one and a half
million of dollars. These Banks make discounts and
grant loans to the amount of nearly three hundred and
sixty-seven million of dollars, or considerably more
than one million of dollars more than the total amount
of capital. The specie belonging to them does not
quite amount to forty-four million of dollars.

The Americans have everywhere received the news
of the re-adjustment of the differences with France;
through the mediation of Great Britain, with lively
demonstrations of pleasure. The President is like-
wise lauded for his firmness, even by those who de-
nounced his conduct when a war appeared inevitable.
But the popularity which this measure will procure for
him will be insufficient to secure his re-election to the
Presidency. His obstinacy is dreaded by all ; arid
the good fortune that has attended him in all his op-
positions to the popular will is not likely to render him
more docile in his old age.

In addition to the New York Papers referred to in
the preceding article, we have received files of Mon-
treal, Quebec, and Halifax Papers to the 17th, 19th,
and 24th of February inclusive. The following are
extracts from them :

The Montreal Papers say, " We learn that the Earl of Gos-
ford is to dissolve the self-constituted assembly. A dissolu-
tion, unless followed by an Imperial statute for the amendment
of the Constitutional Acts, would do more harm than good.
The same knaves, Bartholomew Guay, Ephraim Knight, and
perhaps that ex-bully De Bleury excepted, would be returned ;
and the result of the election would again be cited as an irre-
fragable proof of the unanimous confidence of La Grande
Na ion Canadienne.

The Quebec papers mention that the advises from Torento
say..." The debates in the Assembly have been very
warm, and that some very extraordinary expressions had fallen
from some of the leading members. For instance, in the de-
bate on the address, in answer to Sir John Colburne's last
speech, in referring to the Royal Commissioners, it is said that
" the King had insulted the Legislature by appointing Com-
missioners to enquire into their affairs, who had no union of
interest with the people of the province, and would return and
spend their lives in another country.
" Of the Provincial Parliament it is stated, that the Speaker
laid a despatch from Lord Glenelg, dated the 13th Feb. be-
fore in the House, with other documents. Upon which M.
Morin moved that the documents be inserted in the Journals.
The motion was opposed by M. Bedaro, but eventually car-
ried by a majority of 35, and the documents were referred to a
Committee of the whole on the . -ports on the public accounts."
Halifax Papers to the 23d or February have the follow-
ing :--" The two branches of the Legislature are still at issue
upon the question—viz., the last Bill from the House rating
the sovereign at 255., and all other British coin in proportion.
It has been returned by the Council with amendments, which
amendments the House have disagreed to. Thus the matter
at present stands. "
The Quebec papers of Feb. 15, in givins, an account of the
proceedings of the Assembly, state—" Thee following resolu-
tions, passed in the Committee of Wednesday last, were re-
ported and concurred in :-
1. Resolved,—That it is expedient to grant to his Majesty
3,5001. Currency, to cover a like sum advanced by Lord Ayl-
mer for the contingent expenses of the House of Assembly.
2. Resolved,—That it is expedient to grant to his Majesty
3,0001. Currency, to cover a like sum advanced by his Excel-
lency Lord Aylmer for the contingent expenses of the House
of Assembly, March 4, 1833.
3. Resolved,—That it is expedient to grant his Majesty
22,0001. Currency, to cover a like sum advanced by his Excel-
lency Lord Gosford for the contingent expenses of the House
of Assembly, in conformity with an address of this- House, of
Nov. 9, 1835.

4. Resolved,—That it is expedient to grant to his Majesty
3,556/. 10s. sd. Currency, advanced by Lord Aylmer during
the year ended Oct. 10, 1833."

We have received the whole of the Paris Papers of
Wednesday, together with two of the evening Papers
dated yesterday. They are filled with little better
than mere conjectures respecting the THIERS' Cabi-
net, from which we can draw no other inference than
that the President of the Council is in a condition to
bid defiance to the Opposition. The Gun-powder
plot is likely to end in smoke. One of the chief
conspirators has openly declared himself the pro-
prietor of the illicit manufactory, but adds that his
sole object was to evade the duty. This declaration
is not credited ; but at the same time the people ge-
nerally are quite indifferent as to what object the con-
spirators proposed to themselves. The cry of " wolf"
has been raised so often, that no one would stir were
it said that he had devoured half the royal fold.
The latest accounts from Spain are rather favour-
able to the QUEEN'S cause.

FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIS, MARCH 16.
Five per Cents., 107 f. 45c. 35c. 30c.
Four per Cents., 10If. 70e.
Three per Cents., Slf. 90c. 85c. 80c.
Rank Actions, 2,180 f.
Rente de Naples, 101 f. 10e. 1001. 95c. 85c.
Roman Fire per Cents., 10412.
Spanish Actives, 45% 46.
Spanish Differes,
Spanish Passives, 15
Itoyal Spanish Loan, 34.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents, 103%.
Portuguese Loan, Five per Cents., 7sq.
Portuguese Three per Cents. 48Y.
Haytian Loan. 395 f.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25c. 45c.; money, 251. 45c.
Three months, paper, 251.32%c.; money, 251.300.
Authentivre.
QUARTER TO FOUR.-Five per Cents., 107 f. 60c. ; Three
per Cents., 81f. sc. ; Five per Cents. Spanish, -; Three
per Cents. Spanish, -; Cortes, -; Coupons, - ;
Passives, 15i ; 1 ; Gueb-
hards, -; Differes, 17 ; New Loan, -; Actives, 46 ;
Ducats, -; Romans, 103 Pedros, 78i ;
Belgians, 1031 ; Dutch, -f. ; Haytians, 385 f. -c. ;
Aliguels, -; Brabant Bank, -; elgian Bank, 141; Con-
tinuation, -c. ; New Differes, 21 ; Five per Cent. Perpe-
tuelles, -; Royal Loan, 34.

The John Bull, the weekly organ of the High
Church party, is, or pretends to oe, greatly dissatisfied
with the plan of Church Reform recommended by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Great as is his respect
for the Archbishop of CANTERBURY, and some of
the other Commissioners, he cannot reconcile himself to
the idea of laying the profane finger of Reform upon
the venerable abuses of an institution, the very dust
and cobwebs of which are invested with a character of
sacredness. We must do our contemporary the justice
to say, that in his opposition to Ecclesiastical Reform
he has been consistent, if not judicious. He has
uniformly opposed the least change in the system—
whether from an idea that the fabric is so rotten that,
if once touched, it must crumble to dust, we know
not—but such is the fact. And in following this
course, he has silently but emphatically rebuked the
total want of principle evinced by the leaders of the
political party to which he belongs, who one day de-
nounce as destroyers and revolutioniSts all who would
establish our Municipal Corporations on a useful and
popular principle ; and the next are for sweeping
them away with the besom of destruction, so that the
place which knoweth them now shall know them no
more for ever, thus proving to the world their inaliena-
ble right to the title of Conservatives par excellence !
Tho plan of Church Reform contained in the Re-
port to which the Archbishop of CANTERBURY has
affixed his signature, though, as we have stated before,
a great improvement on the present system, and
much beyond what we ever expected to see approved
of by the Primate of all England, is nevertheless far
below the measure required either for the satisfaction
of the country, or the moral and religious efficacy of the
Establishment itself. We do not wish to deprive the
Church of England of one farthing of its revenues, but
we object to their unequal distribution. When the
scheme proposed shall have been carried into effect, we
shall find the ministers of religion, all brethren alike, in
the enjoyment of incomes varying from 1001. to
15,0001. per annum. This is intolerable when it is con-
sidered that the man with the 1001. labours as hard

if not harder than he with the 15,0001. The conse-
quence of continuing this unequal distribution of emo-
lument is, that non-residence and pluralities, the two
greatest enemies of the Church, can be but partially
destroyed. They still linger behind to paralyze her
exertions and circumscribe her usefulness.

There are many other respects in which the Report
is unsatisfactory, both in what it recommends and in
hat it omits. To those points we shall take an early

opportunity of adverting.

We have advices from Lisbon to the 8.11 inst. The
Cabinet is represented as on the eve of falling to
pieces, owing to its own inherent fragility. No
Government was ever more contemptible in the eyes of
a nation than is the present Portuguese Ministry in
the estimation of the inhabitants of Lisbon. Hopes
were entertained that by care and management it
might be kept together till the arrival of the Prince of
SAYE CoBuRG, when it was expected to expire during
the delivery of a congratulatory address. The nation
is sadly in want of an efficient Government. The pre-
sent Cabinet is without money, and though surrounded
by the most ample resources, is destitute of the trifling
talent required for the taking advantage of them. The
QUEEN, who is herself aware that the Cabinet must,
of necessity, fall to pieces, has charged the Duke of
TERCEIRA with the formation of a new Ministry.
'The following is a list of the appointments which the
Duke has in contemplation :

Terceira
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Freire
Barreto Ferras
Castro Finance.
Loureiro War.
Villa Real

It was reported that the Duke of TERCEIRA made
overtures to CARvALIio, requesting him to take the
Finance Department, but that the Ex-Minister refused
to have any thing at all to do with the new Ministry.

LISBON, MARCH I.—ln the sitting of the Chamber to-day,

the Minister of Fknance read the account of the receipt and
expenditure for the year from July 1, 1834, to June 30, 1835.
It seems that from Oct. 31, 1835, for the eight following
months, to June 30, 1836, the revenue is estimated at

Reis 15,481,598,245
The expenditure at

Deficiency ...... 8,510,044,762

Advices from Alexandria to the 2d of February
have been received. They repeat the assurances of
NIEHENIET ALI'S friendship for the British autho-
rities, and his desire to remove every obstacle in the
way of opening a communication between this country
and India. The following is a translation of the Fir-
man addressed by the SULTAN, at the desire of Lord
PONSONBY, to the Pacha of EGYPT, and bearing
date the 24th of December, 1835. It will be remem-
bered that Lord PoNsoNßY's complaint had reference
to the duty charged by MEIIEMET ALI upon silk;
and also that the duty was remitted before the Firman
reached the Pacha
To the Illustrious Mehemet Ali Pacha and Governor of
Egypt, and of the countries adjoining thereto.
" In receiving this noble Firman, your Royal Highness will
know what follows. The Ambassador Extraordinary and Mi-
nister Plenipotentiary from the Court of Great Britain, resi-
dent at Constantinople, Lord Ponsonby, a personage of great
distinction among the grandees of the Christian nations (may
his death be happy !) has represented to us, in an official note,
by order of his Government, that lately the authorities
established by you at Beirout have hindered several Eng-
lish merchants, not ohly from shipping the silk which
they had purchased, but even from withdrawing it from
the hands of the sellers, and that this proceeding,
which would tend to the establishment by your High-
ne.ss of a monopoly of silk, fetters English commerce, in
contravention of treaties, and at the expense of the friendship
which exists between the Sublime Porte and the British Go-
vernment. The Ambassador has demanded a firman, which
shall command you to cease from putting any restrictions upon
the commercial operations of English subjects in any of the
countries the government of which is confided to you ; and in
a subsequent note, in which he has reiterated his complaint,
he has stated that the Government of his Britannic Majesty
demanded as its right a firman, which should cause you to ab-
stain immediately and completely from any hurtful interference
with English trade in all the States confided to your Admi-
nistration.

" The commercial treaty between my empire and Great
Britain stipulates, that the English, and those who are under
the English banner, may trade in the Ottoman States; and
that, with the exception of gunpowder, and other articles of
war, when the English merchants would ship on board their
vessels any articles of non-prohibited merchandize, no obstacle
whatever should be offered to them; and that if the authorities
of any part of the empire where the English might be carrying
on their trade should introduce, in opposition to treaties, any
innovations of a nature to prejudice them, such innovations
were immediately to be suppressed.' This being the case, that
which has taken place at Beirout, in whatever manner it may
have occurred, is a veritable contravention of existing treaties.
You must besides consider that trade is the occupation of the
great majority of Englishmen, and that it is our evident duty
not to fetter it.
" My supreme will then is, that the English should be pro-
tected from the difficulties in question, and from the wrong by
which they are menaced, in a manner incompatible with exis-
ting treaties. With this object in view, I have sent this firman,
on the receipt of which, acting with the prudence and judg-
ment for which you are distinguished, you will make known to
all whom it may concern the crders which it contains. You
shall absolutely forbid them to interfere with the speculations
in silk which may be entered into by the English merchants,
and you will take care that these merchants are protected in
every possible manner, and you will take the necessary mea-
sures to facilitate, as far as is in your power, their commercial
operations. It is for this end that I have written, and that I
send you the present firman. When this firman, to which your
obedience is due, shall reach you, you will hasten to conform
yourself to it, and will add faith to the holy symbol with which
it is decorated.

" Given these first days of the month of Ramazan, in the
year one thousand two hundred and fifty-one."

DUBLIN ELECTION COMMITTEE

This Committee were engaged with eight votes which had
been submitted to them by the petitioners' counsel, and struck
off six, thereby reducing the majority of Mr. O'Connell over
Mr. Hamilton to one hundred, and that of Mr. Ruthven to
forty-six. It is expected that the case of the petitioners will
close this week.