The Sun.
London, England, 1836-12-24 00:00:00

THE SeN, LONDON; SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1836.

not inexplicable. The following is a summary of the ar-
tiele in the Yationa 1 :
" Towards the close of 1835 the Courts of Austria, Prussia,
an Russia resolved to acknowledge the Pretender ; and they
offered him to do so on two conditions ; an amnesty, and the
abolition of the Inquisition ; the latter insisted on by Prussia.
I)on Carlos refused. But a part of his councillors and friends
thought that they should be accepted, and they exerted them-
selves to make him. The Bishop of Leon and General Maroto
were of this class, and accordingly, though taken prisoners, the
latter twice, they were allowed to escape and rejoin the Pre-
tender. The latter, in obedience to their commands, consented
to enter into negociations, and agreed to the marriage with a
French Princess, to the occupation of Spain by a hundred
thousand French soldiers, to an amnesty, abolition of the In-
quisition, recognition of the debt, and Christina was at the
same time counselled to abandon Madrid and take refuge in

ROLLS' C

lIIS DAY.)

11011 LOCK V. SMITH.
Upon this petition, which was part heard yesterday, the
MASTER. of the ROLLS made an order, directing a reference to
the Master to tax an attorney's bill of . costs. His Lordship
stated he had considerable hesitation in doing so, because he
thought it was necessary for the interests of zolicitors as well
as suitors, that after a hill had been settled and paid, as this
had, it should not be laid open on slight grounds ; but after a
consideration of all the circumstances, he thought he must
make the order.

DUBLIN.-THURSDAY.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
There is a great change in the tone of Toryism in this
country, from that assumed by the faction a week ago.
Then, nothing less than a tricking up of the present Cabinet,
and a new Administration under the auspices of Sir Robert
Peel, were whispered about, and anticipated by the factionists
as matters of immediate arrangement. Now, they con-
descend to speculate on the opening of Parliament as likely
to place their cause in a more favourable position than it is
at present ! And while gloomily ruminating over the dis-
appointment which they have evidently experienced of late,
they betray some secrets of their policy which had not be-
fore come to light. It seems they have been beating up
for recruits among the outposts of the public press, en-
deavouring to obtain by money what sympathy for their sink-
ing situation could not procure them. I stated in my last that
large sums of money were reckoned upon as an auxiliary
to Conservatism in the next conflict ; and the avowal of
" advertisements for editors of those principles for country
newspapers," confirms my statement. There can be little
doubt how Conservative cash is disposed of, in the present
times. But all will not do—their star is in declination. In
proof of which, I need only refer you to the lamentation
of the Tory Journals, of this city, because Mr. Pentland,
the Mayor of Drogheda, should have permitted the inha-
bitants of the town to entertain .O'Connell a few days
ago, in a room paid for by the public. Pentland cannot be-
long to our party—that is, be of the " right sort"—they say,
or he would have exercised the authority vested in him to
frustrate the people's wishes, and prevent them from bear-
ing testimony to the increasing influence of O'Connell.
Here is an instance of that course which public functiona-
ries are expected' to pursue in this country, by the party
who still hope for the restoration of their ascendancy.
But another source of sorrow and confusion to the oppo-
nents of Reform has been discovered here within these few
days also. The Times, and some other London papers
under the same influence, have been proclaiming for some
time past that the present Government had no system or
plan of action agreed upon for the approaching Session of
Parliament, when so much depended on their vigour and
disposition to meet all the popular demands made upon
them. The contrary is understood on this side of the
channel to be the fact ; for, besides O'Connell's declaration
at the General Association yesterday, I have good grounds
for believing that it is long since arranged, that the
Irish Corporation and the English Church-rate questions
shall be very early submitted to the consideration of
the House of Commons. These will be the tests whereby
to elicit the progress of public opinion, or the proofs
of re-action, since the last meeting of Parliament. Should
the numbers on either side of the House be only equal to
what they have been during the last session, the present
Government will be expected to stand by the unanimous
opinion of both countries. Because, if they lose none of
their friends and supporters, it will be manifest that there
is no re-action ; and, consequently, no general wish to try
a new Cabinet. But if there be ever so small an increase
of adherents to Ministers, it will prove to demonstration
that their policy is gaining ground, and that the lon,gerithe
Lords continue to make resistance, the greater will be their
responsibility to the nation. In the latter case, no doubt
Parliament will be dissolved, with a view to procure further
Constitutional proof from the people, of their determine-
ion to persevere in seeking a full and ample measure of

France."
To the French Government belongs the task of answering
such a grave charge as is here broadly submitted to the
world by the French press. We merely record a state-
ment, of which we shall be happy to give a refutation the
moment the Government supply us with one. But we
shall not be satisfied with broad generalities. We will re-
quire to be told that neither the articles quoted above, nor
' any other articles having for their object the elevation of
the Pretender or his son to the throne of Spain, were ever
the subject of direct or indirect negotiation between
Louis PHILLIPPE and the agents of Don CARLOS. The
change itself is too serious, and too generally believed, to
be treated with a silence which none will believe to proceed
from contempt.

Madrid Journals, to the 16th inst., with letters from the
Spanish capital of the same date, have been received. On the
evening of tho 15th, General NAIIVAEZ entered Madrid, on
his march to the North of Spain. He was preceded by
despatches, in which he detailed the treachery of ALAIX, and
declared that unless that officer was brought to a speedy trial,
he would resign the command with which he was honoured.
To this the War Minister answered that the General
should be fully satisfied, as not a moment would be lost in
bringing ALAIX to trial for the crimes of insubordinal on,
mutiny, and treason against the State. The Cabinet had
also agreed to place NARVAEZ at the head of the army, as
soon as a good officer could be selected to undertake the
direction of his staff. The dismissal of ESPARTERO is re-
ported to have been resolved upon, together with the adoption
of such changes as NARVAEZ should deem necessary in all
that related to the army. During the sitting of the Cham-
ber on the 15th, the Count DE Las NAVAS proposed that
the Cortes, in consideration of the gallant defence made by
Bilboa, should decree the exemption of the inhabitants from
all taxes during the present century. The motion was not
disposed of when the Chamber rose. With every disposi-
tion to see justice done to the bravery of the inhabitants of
Bilboa, we cannot help regarding this manifestation of no-
tional gratitude as excessive. The Count DE LAS NAVAS
thinks more of his own popularity than of the condition of
the Spanish Exchequer fifty years hence.

Reform.
In the mean. time, the friends of peace and good
order in Ireland are feelingly alive to every movement
of the executive ; lest they should forfeit one particle
of that general approbation which has been given to
all Earl Mulgrave's acts since his arrival amongst us.
It is of the greatest importance that no class of Reformers
should be dissatisfied with Government at this moment.
And it is the duty of public writers to give warning to both
parties on this occasion ;---to the people, that they may
not for any trifling disappointment to their expectations
be diverted from that steady course which they have
hitherto pursued with unanimity and determination ; and to
Government, to be circumspect in upholding that system of im-
partial and meritorious patronage, the prospect of which has
hitherto procured them active and intelligent friends. This is
no easy matter, it is true, in this country ; for circumstanced as
we are, it is extremely difficult to find out or select from the
numerous candidates for public employment the most meri-
torious. The old class of wily speculators and habitual
expectants from any powers that be, whom no change of
times or circumstances can discourage—the new claimants
supported by liberal patrons--and those who have them-
selves " done the State some service"—are all importuning
the present Government with hopes of success. It is,
therefore, no easy matter to dispose of public appointments
among such various candidates, without offending some in-
fluential class of Reformers ; for they all contrive to re-
commend
themselves under this denomination. This may
account for the meetings of attorneys, and strictures in the
public journals, which some vacant offices connected with
the administration of justice have called forth within these
few days.
Shiel has, in the General Associate, just concluded one
of those splendid harangues by which he is wont to evoke
the patriotism or his countrymen. He exhorts them to
postpone for three weeks the discussion on Poor Laws,
in which they have been some days engaged. That is
a measure,' he says, which must be carried by the Le-
gislature in due time. But at the present moment it
is the duty of every Irishman who can estimate the
benefits of good government and free institutions, to
turn all his attention, and exert every power, to sustain
Lord Melbourne's Administration, and quiet it in the en-
joyment of that power which alone can procure for Ireland,
not only the benefit of poor laws, but of every other insti-
tution which renders the sister country happy and conspi-
cuous amongst nations. This can only be done at present
by attending to the registries, in order to discourage the
Tory party from entertaining any hopes of accession to
power, which would be the bane of Ireland. The Asso-
ciation is adjourned for a fortnight, and the discussion on
,00r laws for three weeks.

SIIIPPING-(TIIIS DAY.)

COVENT-

GARDEN THEATRE.

'The 23d of December, 183'6, will be long commemorated
in the annals of the English drama, as the day on which the
last of the Kembles retired from the stage. The interest ex-
eivd by the occurrence, and the general desire to pay a part-
ing tribute to the character and talents of a man who has so ,
long supported, in so eminent a degree, the dignity of his art
and the respectability of his profession, drew together one of
`the most crowded assemblies we have ever seen in a theatre.
He made this, his final, appearance, in the character of Bone-
dick. Though his range embraced both the tragic and comic
departments of the drama, and though he was a tragedian of
the highest eminence, yet, in the opinion of many of his friends,
it is upon his talent as a comedian that his permanent reputa-
tion will be chiefly founded ; and, among his comic parts, that
of Benedick will be remembered as one in which he was un-
rivalled. Our stave still possesses a .1-lamlet, a Macbeth,
but Mercutio and Benedick have left the stage with Charles

Kemble.
On his first appearance he was received with loud and long
continued plaudits. The expression of his countenance, while
he acknowledged them, indicated strong but suppressed emo-
tion. It seemed to cost him an effort to address himself to
assume the semblance of the light-hearted Bcncdick, but when
he entered into the business of his part he supported it with all
his wonted fire. He maintained the " merry war" with his fair
enemy with a graceful and good-humoured playfulness; and
threw into the character that " strain of honour," that high
spirit, which makes Benedick interesting as well as whimsical.
He was peculiarly happy in the manner in which he gave vent to
the " thick-coming fancies" which crowd upon the mind of Be-
nedick when he is first amazed by the discovery that Beatrice
loves him ; and not less so in the scene with Beatrice after
their mutual deception. He was well supported by Miss H.
Faucit, whose Beatrice, though not faultless, was on the
whole, a very clever and pleasing performance. Her sarcasms
were delivered with much point and meaning, and without any
of that shrewishness of manner which it is so difficult to avoid.
Her only fault was, that they were a little (and but a little)
too laboured, and did not sufficiently appear to flow from the
exuberance of lively wit and youthful spitits. In the scene
where Beatrice, burning with resentment at the treatment of
Hero, stimulates her lover to " kill Claudio," she drew down
thunders of applause.
Farren's Dogberry was, as usual, a rich piece of low co-
medy ; and Webster's Verges was a good companion to it.
Miss Vincent looked pretty and interesting (all that was re-
quired of her) in Hero. The parts of Don Pedro and Claudio
were well supported by G. Bennett and Pritchard. Altogether
the play was well performed. and went off with much spirit.
During the last scene Mr. Kemble's agitation was very ap-
parent. A few moments after the falling of the curtain, it
rose again, and discovered the whole company of the theatre
ranged across the stage, and Mr. Kemble came forward. The
audience rose with one accord, and received him with accla-
mations, and the waving of hats and handkerchiefs, which
lasted some minutes. At last these tumultuous sounds were
gradually hushed, and succeeded by a deep silence ; dnd Mr.
Kemble addressed the audience to the following effect:—
" Ladies and Gentlemen—My professional career is ended.
Had I consulted only my own inclinations in the choice of
my last character, it should have been of a graver cast, and
more in harmony with the feelings under which I laboured
this night. To do anything for the last time, is attended
with a melancholy, sufficient to cast a shade over the most
buoyant spirits. How dense is the cloud which now hangs
over my mind, I have no language to express. To re-
nounce the practice of an art which I have loved so long—
to know that in a few moments I shall bid a final adieu to
you, my kind, my indulgent, and liberal benefactors, whose
approbation has been the great incitement to my exer-
tions.—(Mr. Kemble's voice here became broken and inau-
dible from emotion.)—l entreat you to excuse this weak-
ness. From early youth to this, my latest hour, I have
always received from you favour and encouragement; and to
that alone I ascribe any little merit which your indulgence has
allowed me to possess. I only wish it had been a thousand
times greater, that I might have been able to show myself
more worthy of your kindness. Your goodness is engraven
deeply on my heart, never to be obliterated. May all health
and happiness attend you, and with this heartfelt prayer I most
respectfully and mournfully bid you adieu."
This address was delivered with deep feeling ; indeed, while
speaking, Mr. Kemble was quite overcome by his emotions.
At its close the curtain fell, and he disappeared for ever from
the public. May he long, however, enjoy that happiness in
the bosom of his family, those things—
« which should accompany old age,
As honour, love, obedience, troops of friends"—
which l►e may well " look to have" as the fitting recompense
of a virtuous and honourable life.

MR. GREEN'S LAST VOYAGE.

We have received from Mr. C. Green the following accoun

of the ascent of the Vauxhall balloon, on Monday lasi:
" Since the first ascent of this balloon in England the
greatest interest has been excited among all classes, and the
applications from French gentlemen of distinction for an as-
cent in Paris have been so numerous, that it was determined,
should an opportunity offer, to gratify the curiosity of the ca-
pital of 'France. Accordingly, on the same day that I left
London in the balloon, with the intention of proceeding to
the European continent, Mr. Gye, one of the proprietors, pro•
ceeded to Paris, and, having been received with the utmost
kindness and condescension by the various authorities here, all
of whom promised their aid in making arrangements for an
ascent, immediately addressed me, at Weilburg,' in Germany,
where we had descended, to travel without delay to Paris.
The great difficulty was to cbtain an eligible situation, suffi-
ciently near to the gas manufactory ; and after visiting all the
principal public edifices, the Caserne, in the Faubourg Pols-
soniisre, was found to be the only place suited for the object.
The permission to make use of this spot was immediately and
most generously granted, and every facility afforded to carry
into effect the necessary operations, which almost unexpected
favour the proprietors most gratefully acknowledge.
" Although the weather was so unfavourable, all our ar-
rangements were complete by twelve o'clock on Monday (the
day advertised for the ascent); the gas, which was of excel-
lent quality, having been supplied conjointly by French and
English companies.
" I had ascertained the power of the balloon, and found it
capable of ascending with eleven persons. At half-past one,
the hour announced for quitting the earth, five voyagers en-
tered the car, viz. Lord Yarmouth, M. Julien, M. Piltc, Mrs.
Roscow (an English lady), and Mr. R. Hughes, making,
with myself, six persons. I was therefore obliged to make up
the weight of five persons by taking additional ballast.
" I was aware, from the clouded state of the atmosphere,
that the balloon must be very soon lost to the sight of the
spectators. I therefore determined upon ascending as slowly
as possible. Although I had balanced the machine to a nicety,
having only six and a half pounds ascending power, the fog
was so dense that we lost sight of the earth in about forty
seconds. Perceiving we were moving in a southerly direc-
tion, intersecting the city, and being anxious to afford
the inhabitants a second view of the balloon, I allowed
a small portion of gas to escape, and descended within
150 feet of the buildings ; knowing that we had been recog-
nised by the populace below, by the loud bravos which soon
reached our ears, ballast was discharged, and we re-ascended
rapidly. In about fifteen seconds we reached the upper_sur-
face of the clouds, and found ourselves in a most brilliant
sunshine, forming a sublime contrast to the dense and humid
atmosphere we had so recently left. Below us lay a vast ex-
panse of snow-white clouds, extending to the horizon on every
side ; and above us a clear blue sky, free from every particle of
floating vapour. The rays of the sun, interrupted only by the
balloon, threw the distinct shadow of the whole machine on
the clouds beneath us, as it traversed the surface, and enabled
my admiring passengers to form an opinion of the direction
we were taking. All expressed unbounded astonishment and
delight at this heavenly scene, and agreed with me that poets
should become aeronauts to describe such extraordinary and
rare sensations.
" The thermometer almost instantly rose to 87 Fahrenheit,
and the balloon continuing to ascend, the full of the mercury
in the barometer indicated an altitude of 3,700 feet English,
our greatest elevation. The moisture having evaporated from
the machine, and the gas having acquired a uniform tempera-
ture, we floated in a direction almost horizontal for about 20
minutes. We had now been in the air an hour ; and rercciv-
ing the sun low in the horizon, and the travellers wishing to
return to Paris that evening, I commenced the descent, and
in ten minutes we were again immersed in the clouds, which
had become more dense than when we passed through them—
indeed so much so, that at the height of one hundred feet we
could not perceive the earths. This rendered much caution
necessary, it being one of the most difficult positions in which
au aeronaut can be placed, and more particularly so in the
present instance, as the country was entirely unknown to me.
We passed over a vineyard at about fifty feet from the earth,
and perceiving near the centre of it a piece of grass land very
eligible for packing up the balloon, I landed on that spot.
66 After we had commenced emptying the balloon, two
peasants arrived, and informed us we were about half a
league beyond Vitry, having been in the aerial regions an hour
and fifteen minutes ; Lord Yarmouth most kindly tendered his
aid iii packing the apparatus, but the assistance of the two
men rendered it unnecessary to delay his Lordship's return to
his family at Paris.
6' I hope to be able to make one more ascent previous to re-
turning to b_lngland, and have applied for the use of the Ca-
serne. I doubt not, from the extreme kindness already
evinced, that the permission will be granted, and in that case
the ascent will take place on Sunday next, the 25th of De-
cember. " C. GREEN."

(FROM LLOYD'S.)
DEAL, DEC. 23.—Wind E., fresh breezes.—Arrived the
Mary Walker, Ruin, from Gambia ; Ellen Marr, —, from
Quebec ; and Harriet, Warning, from Quebec. Sailed the
Caroline, Williams, for Sidney ; Ajax, Thomson, for Malta
Planter, Field, for Jamaica ; Maria Premier, —, for
Oporto ; Duke of Clarence, Hall, for Jamaica ; and Hus-
kisson, Hill, for Bordeaux, lost cable, supplied with anchor
and cable, and proceeded westward,
~,The Scourfield, for
Bombay, remains.
PORTSMOUCII, DEC. 23._ find N. to E.N.E.—Arrived
the Philadelphia, Morgan, from London, for New York,
Sailed the Ranger, May, for St. Ives ; Valusia, —, for
Jamaica ; New Phcenix' —, ditto ; Tulloch Castle, Briggs,
ditto; Hopewell, —,ditto; Charles Brooke, Bell, for St.
Vincent's • Palestine, —, for Tobago ; Halifax packet,
—, for larbadoes ; Christina Louise, —, for New York ;
Cromby, —, for St. Croix ; Diligence, —, for San-
tander; and Barossa, —, for Cork. Off port the John
and Julia, for Hamburg, after being thirty days in the North
Sca, bound to St. Thomas's ; and Catharine Rose, Madras.
PLYMOUTH, DEC. 23.—Arrived the Charles, —, from
Newfoundland ; Concessionc, —, from Lisbon ; Rochester,
—, from Memel, for Oporto. Sailed the South Australiar,
--, for South Australia ; Velocity, —, for Jamaica ; agar,
Planter, Bridgeman, fur Jamaica; Helme, —, for
Oporto; and Sultan, —, for Lisbon.
FALAIOUTII, DEC. 22.—Wind W. to N. E., light breezes.
—Arrived the 'Alert packet, from Lisbon—sailed 11th inst.
Sailed the Aurora, —_, for London; and the Martina, —,
for New York.
Arrived t
DmtrmouTit, DEC., 23.—he Mars, Veltorin, from
Batavia ; Thomas Laurey, Oakley, from Sydney ; Ceres,
and Arrant Eliza, Deer, from New York ; Temperance,
Le Grand, from Pernambuco ; Sarah,—, from the South
Spas ; Eclipse, Anterderson, from Lisbon ; Sacramento, —,
from 'lemma ; Ern rise, —, from Marseilles; Lafayette,
--, from Boston; Rudolph, —, from Messina • Erndfe,
--, from Algiers; Swifr, ---, from Smyrna; Archangel,
Michael, from Leghorn ; Mercurius, —, from Oporto ;
Margaretta, —, from Lisbon •; Albion, —, from Madeira.
I,tygßpotn, 21.—Wind N.W.—Sailed the Sarah
Trotman, for Barbadoes ; Sherbroke, Longford, for Mobile
num ---, for Barbadoea ; Eunlietnin, —, for Vera Cruz
Bengal, --, for Mobile; Walker, —, for Philadelphia;
and Bonaze, Keer, for Gibraltar. Arrived the James Tur-
een, Turcan, from Calcutta. Off port the Betsey, Hall, from
Buenca Ayres; and Victoria, —, from Quebec.
DOVER, lien. O.-4g port, the Loyal Briton, Raw, from
Dantzic, for New York; and Oaryotie, from London,
bound to Rio Janeiro, with considerable damage and very
leaky, having been in contact with the Due de Reichstadt,
foal Punliirk to Bordeaux, which is supposed to have sunk,
crew saved.
Covas, Dac. 3,--gailad the Hero, Ansberry, for Dat4
via ; Rodesion, ----, for New York ; Luna, Hewlett%
from Ilandourg, for Bordeaux, leaky, with loss of bnlwarks.
RANisGATE' 13:.0. 23.—Sailed the Gratitude, Todd, for
Tortola ; Catharine, —, for Valparaiso ; Adventure, Laitio,,
for Ilavannah ; Juno, Frederickson, for Bahia ; and James,
for Bahia.
BRISTOL, DEC. 23.—Sailed, the Dumbarton Castle,
for Trinidad ; the Albatross, Foster, for Fayal ; the Pomona,
Smith, for Trinidad,
GLOUCESTER, DEC. 23.—Arrived, the Bristol, Lightfoot,
from Quebec ; the Usk, Prouse, from ditto.
ST. IVES, DEC. 22.—Sailed, the Tantivy, Barrett, for the
Mediterranean; the Vibelia, Pintreah, for ditto,

The Duke of Wellington will leave Stratfieldsaye
on Monday next for Badminton Park, Gloucestershire, to
be present at the marriage of the Duke of Beaufort% se-
cond daughter, Lady Georgiana Somerset, to Mr. Cod-
ringtun, M. P. His Grace will remain a .few days at Bad-
minton, and then depart for Bolvoir Castle, and thence to
Ilrownlow's seat, Belton House. Ilis Grace's visitors
have left for their respective seats. The Marquis of Douro
arrived here on Wednesday from York, and Lord Charles
Wellesley on Monday from Portsmouth garrison. Both
Nclble Lords will remain till after Christmas Day.
The Duke de Nemours was expected to reach the
Tuilleries on Thursdays on hi% return from the unsuccess-
te Qonstantine. The Duke d'Orleans
Prince de Joinville left Paris on the day befnfn,
their brother at Fouutainebleau. On OA. 445u0 day the
Duke de Mortemart, wbq l‘A c),lto accompanied Mar-
shal Clausel in hid diiiaArcus campaign, had an audience of
the king of the French.
The Duchess-Countess of Sutberlaa will leave
Hamilton-place to-day to pass the hOkclays at Oatlands, the
scat of her youngest son; tiord Vrancis Egerton.

THE SPANISH CONTEST.

BY PELAG

ms.

LETTER IV.
In my three previous letters, I have enumerated so
many obstacles to the success of the Constitutional arms,
that many readers may possibly be disposed to think
the chances in favour of the Carlists. IT WOULD BE
A MOST ERRONEOUS CONCLUSION.

In the first place, tho troops of Carlos, though ad-
mirably adapted for the defence of a mountainous dis-
trict, or making rapid marauding expeditions through
an adversary's country, arc eminently unfit for opera-
tions on a great scale, for conflicts in the plains, or for
the siege of fortresses: deficient to a vet greater de-
grce than their opponents in good cavalry, the Carlists
would labour under considerable disadvantages did they
descend into the plains of Castile in mass—possessing
but a scanty artillery, their armies are but ill qualified
to capture the numerous fortified towns with which
Spain is studded.

The want of artillery, moreover, is but the smallest
of their deficiencies in this point; they are yet more
in want of good engineers and artillery officers—a fact
very sufficiently evidenced by the gross blunders com-
mitted in the siege of Billion, during which we find
them constructing batteries which crumbled before a
single hour's fire from the town, and attempting to
assault breaches just six feet wide I
How are armies thus deficient to possess themselves
of the strong fortresses of Pamplona, St. Sebastian,
Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Figueras, Barcelona, Cadiz,
Alicante, Carthagena, &c. &c. &c. ? The whole of
the present Carlist force would be inadequate to reduce
one of them—to capture the whole, if properly garri-
soned, and defended (except by famine), would -require
an expenditure of at least a hundred thousand lives T.
The defects which I have noticed in the organiza-
tion of the Constitutional forces will daily disappear. ;
continued service will discipline the men, and instuuct
the officers in the art of war ; and, as the present
incapable commanders are gradually driven from their
posts by public censure, men of genius will arise to sup-
ply their places.
The militia will also become more efficient by de-
grees, and the evils inflicted by the predatory bands of
Carlists on the inhabitants of the towns, will neces-
sarily produce exertion to complete the equipment and
organization of the armed citizens, upon whom the
defence of the country must to a certain extent rest.
In this respect, the severe lessons of Gomez, Ca-
brera, Sans, &c., will prove eminently useful to the
Constitutional cause—these marauders will, in effect,
turn out admirable recruiting officers, and drill sergeants
to their adversaries.
Should mismanagement on the part of the Queen's
Generals produce any great disaster, such as the de-
feat of Espartero, and the Carlists be able even to ob-
tain possession of Madrid, their position would be but
little improved ; a considerable portion of their force
would be required to garrison the capital, and how
could the remainder act efficiently against the various
corps which would radiate upon it from East, West,
North and South?
Each provihce possesses fortresses of strength, in
which corps of assailants could be formed, and upon
which the population could fall back, if hard pressed ;
and the result would be, that Carlos would be besieged
in a disaffected open town, instead of resting secure, as
he now does, in a nearly impenetrable mountain dis-
trict, filled with a population devoted to his interests.
Moreover, the balance of numerical force, " mate-
riel," and alliance, are all against him—as may he
seen by the following hasty enumeration :
Against the 50,000 men who constitute his efficient
armed force (one-fourth of which I have already shown
are in reality banditti), the Queen can place above
50,000 good troops (including the British, French,
and Portuguese auxiliaries) ; an equal number of a
somewhat inferior quality ; about 60,000 recruits., ; and
a National Guard probably numbering at least 400,000
men, a moiety of whom are armed, and, to a certain

extent, organized.
While Carlos does not possess h single port (de-
serving that name), the Queen Inas St. Sebastian and
Passages, St. Ander, Sant*.nar, &c., on the Bay Of
Biscay ; Ferrol, Corunna, Cadiz, Malaga, Alicante,
Carthagena, Valencia, Barcelona. She has also all
the maritime force of the monarchy.
In like manner, all the arsenals, artillery, foundries,
&c., are at her disposal.
While Carlos possesses not a single town, the po-
pulation of which exceeds 5,000, the Government is
supported by the cities just enumerated, with the im-
portant addition of Granada, Seville, Tortosa, Tarra-
gona, Lerida, &c. The thirteen we have named con-
tain 550,000 souls, to which may be added the;
capital, with about 150,000 more.
Of fortresses, the enumeration runs thus :—.Fer-
rol, Corunna, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Cadiz, Car-
thagena, Alicante, Denia, Murviedro, Tortsoa, Pe-
niscola, Lerida, Meguinenza, Tarragona, Barcelona,
Gerona, Figueras, Hostalrich, Urgel, Pamplona, and
St. Sebastian.
How are the mountaineers of Biscay to capture
these real and important FORTRESSES, when their
whole disposable force has been detained six weeks be-
foie a paltry town, merely strengthened with a few in-
different walls, and armed with two or three score
cannon of all kinds ?
The same superiority attaches to the Queen's .sidep
in the point of alliances. Carlos has the aid of a little
money from the Northern despots ; but except Russia,
they have no fleets to aid his operations—and Russia'
will hardly like to come to blows with us, by sending
a squadron to the assistance of the insurgents. The
Queen, on the other hand, is backed by the most pow-
erful of multi* States, and her possession of all the
ports gives the utmost facility for the reception of the
succours which Great Britain can daily throw into the
scale.

-------
It results, then, that the chances are inzmensely in
favour of the Constitutional cause, although much
time must elapse before its triumph is ultimately se-
cured, and resistance put down.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)