The Sun.
London, England, 1831-07-29 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

-Sir Robert. Peel, whatever have bsen his mistakes
upon the general tendencies and characteristics of
the Reform Bill, may claim at least the merit of
,
Tiving discovered a new scale whereby to adjudge
the,, elective rights of the kingdom. While some
Tn. Gentlemen were contending for the principle
of property, some for that of population, a third
class for that of intelligence, as indicated by combi-
nations of the other two, it was left for the Right
Ron. Gentleman to find out the geographical—or,
to speak in every sense more correctly—the est/per-
il:jai principle of the representation. Sir Robert
draws a line from east and by north, to west and by
south, from the 'Wash to the Severn. He then
emnplains that the portion of England northward of
that line has carried off too many Members of Par-
liament, and left too few for the southern division of
the island. He takes, first, something like a paral-
lel of latitude, then reckons upon a number of nomi-
nal subdivisions, called counties, on either side of the
aforesaid parallel, and finishes by exclaiming how un-
equal) y have you allotted the amount of change
between the two measurements of the country 1. We
think
that it would not be difficult to suggest a
familiar illustration of the Right Hon. Baronet's
theory. Suppose we take 40 square miles upon
'llisbury-plain, and then multiplying four miles into
're, Which might perhaps embrace the area of this
great metropolis, cry out, what a monstrous in-
Justice has been perpetra.ed under the Bill ; why
here is 20 square miles have 12 or 14 rept esentatives,
While 40 square miles have none at all ! It is not
necessary, to the justice of our remark upon the
principle" which Sir Robert Peel has adopted, or
rather which he pressed into the service of a single
night, that we should insist on every county south
of his line of demarcation, being no better entitled
10 representatives than so many square acres of
Salisbury-phdri; but we do affirm, that his reference
to mere superficial measurement, and to mere nomi-
nal divisions of land, would bear out such a sim
li-
tude,had he. even left the question on that simple
f°°tlng. The Right Hon. Baronet, however, has
faring
ushed his objections a good deal further, without
a great deal better. He says, you have des-
Polled the southern counties of seven times as many
representatives as you have taken from those of the
north. To make this charge of any value, he ought
t° have added, that the south had as good s title as
the north to be exempted from the purifying pro-
ee". How stands the case ? Before England
became
a manufacturing country, the south was
rich and the north poor, because the cultivation of
t.l?e earth was confined to its vegetable produce, and
'lie seat of its most abundant wealth—to wit, the
mine districts—was, save that of the tin mines, for
e most part neglected or unknown. The population
"ad affluence of the south of England far exceeded,
In former ages, those of the north of Trent ; of
which now powerful and overflowing country, the
nhabitants were, even within the last seventy years,
looked upon by the great mass of their southern
abeighbours as far inferior in refinement to them-
elves. Undoubtedly, the southern counties gene-
rally y
0. 4 are riot less populous or wealthy than ever,—
'ty have not retrograded, but the contrary; they
'ihave lost nothing but in comparison with the
"ortherne, who have far outstripped them collec-
tively in numbers, wealth, and knowledge, the great
elements of all claim to political power and superio-
rity.
When Sir Robert Peel, therefore, cries out
eglOn the comparative lightness with which disfran-
isement has fallen upon the north, and the com-
ltrative gain which that district is to derive from
ee meditated reconstruction of the House of
"morons, he ought to remonstrate rather
with
, that active and enlightened intelligence,
i'fileh in digging down as it were to the
o,llndations of the land, and drinking from
tne deep and inexhaustible, the primitive and whole-
tioine springs of its natural greatness, has covered
le Nee of that division of England with the dwellings
of industry and civil.zation,—has made it swarm with
Inhabitants, shrewd, skilful, and high-spirited,—las
centupled the value of agricultural property accord-
:l to the estimates of former days, although it has
lot until the present hour been enabled to rescue
That world of modern, but im:neasurable growth,
Old
the thraldom imposed upon it by Gatton and
Sarum, and other heir-looms of foul and barba-
rous
corruption. But see of What class of represen-
tatives it is that the southern counties have bean
despoiled. When the very reasonable scheme of
Reform was propounded, by virtue of which, all in.
significant or tenantless hovels, like those just alluded
tOl should lose the power of legislating for a great
nation, arid places of vast•wealth, intelligence, and
importance, sSould be admitted to a share in the
tnanagement of their own concern., did any man but
those who exclaimed against all Reform object to the
Principle as in itself unwise or vicious ? Well, then,
.was it the fault of the north of England that Gatton,
Old Ssrurn, Corfe Castle, the Cornish boroughs,
Ac., happened to lie beyond its unrepresented
frontiers ? If that class of hogsties, " the shameful
Parts of the Constitution," were found in far more
offensive abundance southward of the line which
connects the " Wash" with Bristol, than upon the
ether side of it, were Ministers to subvert the whole
Structure of their Bill for the sake of that fictitious
and unmeaning uniformity which would sacrifice sub-
Sotnnces to names and numbers ? The real purpose
f Sir Robert Peel's objection upon that branch of
the. subject, no matter how mystified or enveloped,
;18, that Old Sarum might still send Members to
1,4,116 n-tent, and the great towns of England not
merely
leader of the Opposition, however, objects, not
tiZerely to the new distribution of Members, but to
qe rte ualification for votes, as both contributed to
an ; excessive aggrandizement of the trading in-
sidneat. We shall not insist on the folly of con-
-Ting nomination boroughs in the south of Eng-
Clu otherwise than as commodities to be purchased
f'Yojn ehaPmen from Northumberland, no less than
Devon, because Sir Robert Peel himself
11:41towledged the force of that objection to
t:l% views; and, in fact, we might say with truth
tlth some of those virtuous corporations in the
interest but that of the great potentate at Alnwick.
bet then we are told that the franchise, as about to
t 0 re-constructed, will give too great preponderance
f4;l le commercial interest. Now whoever, after
Y looking at the Bill, shall say that the new
ealifications of electors are not infinitely more fa-
:l:lstable to the landed. interest
. than the old ones,
c be a person entirely incapable of understand-
thg the plainest proposition. Under the old system,
tole franchises contained an infinite variety of vices
tin well as of defects. So undefined, and complex,
h Ibis-shaper' were the claims under which
everynum-
e f the borough constituency voted, that almost
Riv species of accident may be alleged to have
htive.o the right of election, except the accident of
of 11111,g fixed property in the soil. The accident
tires ekl.ng a potwalloper, the accident of an appren-
liyeulPs the accident of being a servant, even a
boulY servant oftentimes of the stranger who had
list,fht the patronage of the borough for his
illocnotes,,—eviry kind, every distortion, every
Meter) in the way of accident, might be
Ig
need as a sample of qualification. But what
everahout to be the case ? No vote what-
), can be given for county, city, or borough,
inee"ceforth in England, save only by virtue of exist-
j4e franchises, which shall not .be founded' on bond
hot
14 Po°ssession of fixed (not floating, not negotiable,
nor,ll degree moveable) property of some de-
holduletil on or other. It must be freehold, copy-
b, or leasehold property. If not freehold, it must
arid _Cut out of the freehold,"—it must spring from
and 'merge in the soil. Who, then, must ultimately,
quiti.rfiollectively, be the directors of this species of
? Why, doubtless, " the lords of the
lsod. 41 other words, the landed interest of Eng-
th, en those who are minutely informed upon
Patti 'Jeer) it would be quite needless to go into
throtieutittts for proof, that of the middling town*
estk4g"otit England, the proprietors of comiguous
r
Pros ssheing country gentlemen, are in a very large
orti
441444 on landlords of the principal streets.
every where are " here to-day and gone to-

'morrow," as compared with the country gentleman
interee. Who is it, therefore, we beg to repeat, that
stands the best chance of permanently influenc-
ing even the inhabiPants of trading or manufac-
turing towns—the landlords who grant the leases,
or the men in busi►iess who accept them ? Had Sir
Robert Peel changed his tack, and abused the pro-
jected qualifications for their tendency to favour land
at the expense of commerce, we are not sure tha.
the Right Hon. Baronet might not have made a less
'preposterous show of battle. With respect to thr
progress made last night, we have to state, that only
six more boroughs in schedule B were disposed of,
and this result was not obtained without some sharp
skirmishing. Some of the warm friends of Reform,
it will be seen, objected to Ministers their want of
zeal and energy in forwarding the Bill, which night
after night is discussed on precisely the same
grounds. On the other hand, the conduct of Cr.l-
- was praised by the Anti-Reformers. We
take it for grarred that the Ministers are not anxious
for such praise. The truth is, that, with the best
intentions, they want some leader, of commanding
intellect, to contr.-out and influence the debates.
Hence it i:, that the Bill " drags its slow length
along," to the delight of its enemies, and the annoy-
ance arid diTleasure of the people of England.—
Times.

We mentioned on Wednesday (before any of our
contemporaries had alluded to the subject), that
Prussia had recently shamefully violated all the prin-
ciples of neutrality, by suppling arms and munitions
of war to the Russians, and by doing every thing in
her power, short of open hostilities, to counteract
the exertions, or to obstruct the success, of the
Poles in their struggle for independence. We have
since seen a letter from Berlin, which describes not
only the offensive acts, but announces the open pro-
fessions of the Prussian Government on the subject.
From this source we are enabled to state, officially,
that Prussia no longer pretends to observe the prin-
ciples of neutrality ; but that she announces, and
attemp•s tojustify, her disposition to assist the oppres-
sor against the oppressed,—to allow every facility to
the Russians to obtain provisions or warlike stores,—
arid to throw every obstacle in the way of the Poles.
This disposition was evident from the commence-
ment of the war. Hence the favour shown to the Rus-
sians in the permision to get provisions and stores
from the Prussian territory,—hence Russian' troops
had always a secure retreat on tire Prussian frontier,
—and hence the navigation of the Vistula was al-
ways open from its mouth to the borders of the
kingdom of Poland, for the transport of arms or ar-
tillery for the Russian army. Hence, on the other
band, the unceasing display of malignity towards the
Polish cause, and the constant attempts to misrepre-
sent the principles and proceedings of the Polish
nation. Hence their succours were stopped on the
Prussian frontier, their letters intercepted, and even
travellers proceeding to Poland interrupted on their
way. Hence not an ounce of powder, not a musket,
was allowed to be carried across any portion of the
Prussian territory. Nay, so rigorous were the
Prussian authorities in their interception of objects
destined to assist the Poles,that gun-barrels, packed
up as gas-pipes, have been detected and seized
on their way through Prussia to Warsaw. Still what-
ever were the acts of the Prussian Government,
it was only hit,ly that its views and intentions
have been openly avowed. Satisfied with the com-
mission of the mischief, it avoided the odium of the
confession till lately pressed upon by the representa-
tions and remonstrances of the French Ambassador
at Berlin. To this diplomatist the Prussian Cabinet
has declared, that " it does not profess to be neu-
tral, that it is only passive,—that the Polish diplo-
matic agents abroad were the only persons w ho hail
pretended to establish its neutrality,—that it was
desirous to see the triumph of the Russians, and
the overthrow of the Poles,—that it would employ
all the means of bringing about this result, short
of fighting,—that it would supply, arms arid provi-
sions of all kinds to the Russians,—that it only
considered the Poles as insurgents against their
law ful Sovereign, who 11aS the close idly of
Prussia,—and t hat every means of reducing the latter
would have its hearty concurrence and approba-
tion." This notable distinction between neutrality
and inactivity was first invented by Prince Metter-
nich, to justify the 'conduct of the Austrian authori-
ties in their treatment of Dwernicki's corps in Gal-
fide, and, like most new doctrines, has been carried
much farther by the zealous disciple than by the in-
ventive teacher. It is, of course, nothing but a pre-
text for infamous partiality anti injustice. It would
not be assumed or avowed unless by the strong
against the weak--by the cruel allies of the op-
pressor against the rights of the oppressed. It is a
declaration of war against Poland, as much as if
Prussian troops were sent to the camp of the Czar,
and may be so considered by France or any other
power which is desirous to see justice done to the
cause of Polish independence. From the conduct
both of Austria and Prussia, we are afraid that Poland
must ultimately look beyond its own arm, and to
the assistance of other free states, for the triumph
of her cause. However marvellous have hitherto
been the displays of her bravery—her love of free-
dom—and her patriotic enthusiasm, her spirit will
be unable to support itself, and her physical power
must soon be exhausted, if, while she is cooped up
in a corner, and pinioned to the ground, by two of
the partitioning despots, her vitals are torn by the
unrestrained and giant barbarism of the third. We
remember well the pathetic manifestoes and declara-
tions of the Allies, in favour of stopping the effu-
sion of blood in Greece ; but were the degenerate
Greeks more worthy of the generous interference of
free men than the heroic Poles ? or were the hordes
of Moslems, with plague and pestilence in their rear,
more cruel arid exterminating than the Muscovites
and Cossacks, with their chains and their cholera
morbus ? France has announced her offer of me-
diation. If any disaster should now happen to
-Warsaw, she may be immediately driven to a decla- '
ration of war ; and then the Powers, who are already
stained with crimes of three partitions, may have to
fight for territory nearer and dearer than the wasted
and bleeding limbs of Poland.—Timcs.
An Irish newspaper, the Warder—a red-hot par-
tisan, professedly, of the Orange faction,—very
gravely instructs his Majesty's Government how to
dispose of the golden See of Derry in such a manner
as would be most agreeable to the views of the high
Tory party, which we fear might not be the most
likely way in the world to raise the reputation of
Lord Grey and his colleagues for discernment, or to
silence the murmurs, both loud and deep, against
the Church of Ireland, with regard to the adminis-
tration of its patronage, and to the unequal and un-
wise distribution of its property. The editor of she
Irish Newspaper, or his patron, alter a make-believe
recommendation of Dr. Ponsonby, Bishop of Kil-
laloe, Lord Grey's brother-in-law, and according to
public report a mild, charitable, and exemplary Pre-
late, lets out the real purpose of his heart, which is,
to obtain the step for the Bishop of Ferris, the well-
known Dr. Elrington, of controversial arid un-
readable memory. Now, without having a word
to say against the domestic character of Dr.
Elriegton, wino, we understand, has always
proved himself most laudably anxious to pro-
vide for and push forward Iris sons, it strikes us, that,
wcl
considering the sort of place which that Learned Pre-
latet
the
has hitherto filled as a political churchman,—the
Learned Lord has so frequently exhibited in defence of
worldly-coloured aspect of the chain ionship
ecclesiastical
etsetrendp temporalities,—the
on
r a lsi t 'teha
es, ctht elang language, to hi
which
offensive, because a
seemingly, though of course not redly, uncharitable
proneness, in speaking of 4 sect of Christians who
hold different tenets from those of the Church of
England, and the odium plusquam theol%ncuntw here-
with his Lordship appears to regard certain Mem-
' begs of that erroneous arid unendowed belief,—con-
siderieg, we say, all these divers matter, and the
consequent estimation wherein D. Elrington has
for some years past been held by the sober-minded,
dispassionate, and temperate portion of the Irish
people, both Protestant rind Catholic, we regret to
say that it is quite out of our power i
to co-operate
with the writer of the Orange article n trestle,.

r towards promoting the views of Dr. Elrington upon
the enormously—nay, outrageously—lucrative see
of Derry. Nor can we in conscience pledge -our-
selves to join the writer of the article in proposing
a second Dr. Elrington, even though he be a son of
the aforesaid pag,nacious Bishop, to fill the see
which would be left vacant in case of the latter
personage's promotion to that of Derry. The
second Dr. Drington is, it appears, no less
than Regius Professor of Divinity in the Uni-
versity of Dublin. lie is, doubtless, a worthy
scion of the eld,r stock, and therefore, as some
pious though squeamish people have declared
themselves in a trifling degree. scandalized at the
simultaneous enjoyment of several sees by members
of another Irish family, prolific of candidates for the
rood things of church and state, we do not much
like the notion of turning this Regius Professor.
Elrington into a second Elrington Bishop. .We fear
the itch for temporality might descend, like what old
Lord Kenyon, in his dog Latin, would have called
the " Regiutn malum," from Elrington to Ellington,
and anxious for the redemption of that learned
house, we would keep the Begins Professor to his
divinity, as a safeguard against temporal seductions.
But there are further and more far-sighted consi-
derations attached to this Bishopric of Derry.
There are no less than four Archbishops in Ireland,
and 18 Bishops. Iu England and Wales there are
two Aichbishoprics, and 24 Bishops. Thus there
is a very trifling difference in what may be termed
the ecclesiastical staff of the two countries, while the
rank and file of Protestants (not to speak irreve-
rently) in each, display, as against Ireland, a curious
and deplorable disparity. The Protestants of the
Established Church in England and Wales are
little short, if any thing, of 9,000,000, as is
asserted. The Protestants of the Irish Esta-
blished Church are between .500,000 and
600,000, if so much. Thus an English pre-
late has the average superintendence of near
380,000 souls, while the Irish Bishop has about
25,000; verily this looks like what is called, in the
army, a " skeleton regiment," where the officers are
very far ourof proportion to the troops. Now in
the army one of two thirsts happens—either a con-
siderable number of the officers are sent on the re-
cruiting service, and if they succeed, well and good
—the corps becomes efficient : if no men are to be
had, and the officers are consequently left without
duty enough to indemnify the nation for their pay,
they are sent about their business. We are deci-
dedly of opinion that there are in Ireland too many
Bishops for the amount of diocesan duty; and what
collateral benefit has arisen from the leisure which
every Irish Prelate must enjoy, as compared with
those of England ? To what great use of religious
or learned edification have they ever turned their
freedom from official toil, during the last 100 years ?
A lot mer Primate, who died some 30 years ago,—
we mean Archbishop Newcombe,--,has left behind
him a name for piety and well-directed study; his
successor, Dr. Stuart, left behind him—upwards of
200,0001. The present Primate, Lord J. Beresford, is
a nobleman of distinguished spirit and integrity, and
on one occasion, that of the Catholic Bill, he proved
himself capable of an agreeable fluency in address-
ing a legislative assembly, but nothing more. Neither
his Grace, nor any Irish Prelate of this or three
preceding generations, has done any thing worthy of
record towards redeeming their bench from the
stigma of inertness in the prosecution of those high
works by which Taylor and Usher, men of a d.f-
fereat time, had rendered the rank of Irish Bishop
illustrious, and their own fame immortal. The re-
venue of the see of Derry does not fall short of
14,0001. per annum ! Is that, we ask, such an in-
come as ought to be allotted to a Christian Bishop
any where,—above all, to a member of the Irish
Church? It is not, then, merely to the promotion
of Dr. Elrington we object, but to the appointment
of any clergyman whatsoever to the Bishopric of
Derry in its actual state of overgrown and disgust-
ing emolument. Three thousand pounds per annum
is sufficient for any Bishop in Ireland. Let the
Archbishops, if you will, have 5,0001. or 6,000/ ;
but we do trust that if it be not done by the Mi-
nistry, some Member of the Opposition will divide
the House on an act for sequestrating 10,0001. per
annum of that see, to be employed as may seem
most-fittiag to the Legislature. The safety of She
Church itself requires the adaptation of its revenues
to the general sense of what is right, and to the
wants and condition of society.—Times.
A great deal of what appears to us very unne-
cessary complaint on tire one hand, and groundless
exultation on the other, continues to be displayed
respecting the division on the proposal to transfer
the borough of Saltash from schedule A to schedule
B. Many of the Ministerialists, and other friends
of the Reform Bill, express regret or contempt that
Lord Althorp should be, as they describe, panic-
struck and give way before the Opposition, when
he ought to have known that there was no real
danger. The Anti-Reformers loudly proclaim
victory, and take no small credit to themselves for
the skill with which they allege they broke the
Ministerial line, cutting off some of the principal
men-of-war, and damaging the rest. The plain,
facts of the case as they are now known, will
we think, convince the friends of the 1331 that the
concession is at least not to be ascribed to Lord Al-
thorp's dread of his opponents, and will in a propor-
tionate degree cool the ardour of triumph which the
supposed conquerors have somewhat too precipitately
expressed. We believe we may state, without fear
of contradiction, that Lord Althorp, Mr. Stanley,
and Lord John Russell had, on the morning previ-
ous to the debate, received certain deputies from
Saltash ; and after a close examination of the evi-
dence laid before them, were satisfied that the bo-
rough did not come within that rule of population
which would subject it to total disfranchisement.
They had given, we hear, an intimation to that effect
to the deputies from Saltash, and, certainly, to the
Cabinet. 'Whether they took the most desirable
mode of ascertaining the facts which influenced their
decision and that of the Cabinet, may be a question :
but it can be no question that, as the responsible
conductors of the Bill, they did not in this proceed-
ing go beyond the limits of their competency : no
less certain is it, that a resolution (whether right or
wrong is not the point) adopted before the debate,
cannot, in any system of logic, be considered a con-
sequence, or effect, of that debate.—Times.

The Committee succeeded last night in getting .
past Great Grimsby, having, after much wrangling
and jangling, and frequent divisions, disposed of six
boroughs. There is not one disinterested man, of
ordinary understanding, throughout the country who
will not readily subscribe to an observation which
fell last night from Lord John Russell, " that the
object of the Hon. and Learned Gentleman (Sir C.
Wetherell)—he might have said of nearly all the
Opposition Members—was to impede the progress
of the Bill by all the cavis and quibbles which oc-
curred to him, In that object, however, be did not
think that the Hon, and Learned Gentleman would
be successful. The country would clearly see through
the artifice, and perceive that it was merely an at-
tempt to gain time by endeavouring to make dis'
tinctions where there were none-in common sense.
The country would do justice to the motives of those
who pursued such a line of conduct, and would not fail
loudly to condemn them."—( Hear.) The country can
be at no loss with respect to the motives of thegentry
in question. Sir Charles Wetherell says he " is one
of those who are doing their otr4mst to maintain the
conservative principles of the British Constitution
against the desperate attacks which nre making upon
them by democracy and jacobinism."—(Hear, hear.)
It is democracy and jacobinism to secure yoursOf
against plundq, by excluding those from vo;ilig taxes
who ara not accountable to you for their conduct.
By the British Constitution, Sir Charles means
boroughmongering ; and the conservative principle
is the preservation qf borouglanongers. Whoever
names the representatives controuls the disposal of
money. The people wish the controul of the dis 7
rosali and the boroughmongers, for obvious reasons,
(Jo not wish to part with this confront. 0 yes, we
do justice to their motives. But we must do more.
The public would be 4 very simple public iutieed if

it contented itself with merely understanding the
motives and designs of these gentry. One of the
most amusing exhibitions of the evening was the
lolly moral tone assumed by Mr. Knight, who, if we
are to take his own word for it, is quite a Cato. He
quails only before the immortal Gods. We have heard
something of this Mr. Knight, and the accident which
made him turn his voice against Reform. We do not
mean to say that he has veered about as frequently as
the Lord Chief Baron ; but merely that he is not a
Cato, and that it was almost a toss up whether he
would commence his Parliamentary career by express.
ing loud detestation of the Ministry or loud detesta-
tion of the Opposition. However, the Opposition
were first in the field, and obtained the favours of
the Honourable and Learned Gentleman. There is a
well-known fable of the Ass braying under the Lion's
;kin so admirably as to extort a confession from the
Lion, that even he would have been afraid, had he
not known that the sound proceeded from an Ass.
The lofty declarations of the Hon. and Learned
Gentleman might have produced an effect where
his value was not so well understood as it is here.
We do not mean to say that we know the exact price
paid for this Cato ; nor do we mean to say that the
Opposition have a bad bargain of him. When he
attains to a lit le more temper, he will be a valuable
auxiliary to Sir Charles Wetherell. But we should be
sorry any very energetic attempt were made to conqut r
his disgust-to the Ministry. We fear, if hard pressed,
he might succumb ; and we bad rather see hint
boasting of his conscience, and continuing to express
detestation of the Ministry.—Morning Chronicle.
A paragraph in another column announces that a
deputation of the Livery of London waited yester-
day on the Lord Mayor with a requisition for a
meeting of the Livery on the subject of the extra-
ordinary delay in the progress of the Reform Bill.
His Lordship at once acceded to the wishes of the
requisitionists; but as the opening of the new Lon-
don-bridge fixed for Monday, the Common-hall
cannot be held before Tuesday. The various Po-
litical Unions throughout the country view with ap-
ft-rebel's?* not inferior to that of the citizens of
London, the state of things in Parliament, and
meetings will be universally held. Delay is the
great object of the boroughtmongers ; on delay they
build all their hopes. It has been determined in
their divans to strain every nerve to prevent the
passing of the Bill before the coronation. Should
they succeed in keeping the subject open down to
the prorogation, which will precede tle coronation,
they will then have gained their object. The
whole that has taken place, they say, will have
been thrown away, and when Parliament re-as-
sembles every thing will have to be commenced
anew. This is the talk of the knowing ones of the
Opposition. It is clear that the Opposition are de-
termined per fns et nefas, to prevent the passing
of the Reform Bill. We wish the country not to
be deceived with respect to the Bill. Nothing
short of such a demonstration of resolution on the
part of the people as cannot be mistaken will ensure
the object which they have at heart. The borough-
mongers, in the outset, said they would die in their
last ditch rather than yield up their ascendancy.
Hitherto there has been no sign of their giving
way. They are not to be coaxed out of so vain-
able a privilege as that of plundering at discretion
so rich a nation as this. Indeed, we believe there
has hitherto been no example of a body of men
voluntarily relinquishing uncontrouled power.
Morning Chronicle.

We would earnestly caution Government against
the injustice and the danger of any longer post-
poning the important question of making some per-
manent provision for employing and maintaining the
poor of Ireland. We are not at all unconscious of
the laborious and harassing duties which the Mem-
bers of the Administration have to perform at this
moment connected with the all-absorbing question
of Reform—rendered doubly harassing as it is by
the factious spirit with which they are opposed;'
but, making every allowance for this, we can see
no adequate. reason for postponing a subject which
presses with such increasing melancholy earnest-
ness both upon England as well as Ireland. Next
to the commiseration which is due to the Irish
labourer, driven as he is from his own country
to - seek a precarious subsistence in another,
is the sense which we ought to feel for the
English labourer, who is impoverished in his
own market by the overwhelming hordes of these
blameless and unavoidable intruders. The pre-sure
Upon English poor-rates, too, upon this account is
incalculable; for not only are they expanded to a
large amount in the metropolis and other large
places in the actual relief and removal of the Irish
poor themselves,but in every town and village, both
in England and Scotland,.are.the native population
rendered doubly burdensome, by being deprived of
their natural means of subsistence by the cruse we
allude' to. Government, we trust, is-not unaware
that this last topic is at this very moment a source
of the most serious .heart-burnings among the Eng-
lish husbandry labourers in many parts of the
kingdom, but especially in the counties which were
last year the scene of the melancholy tragedies
which we all then witnessed. But these, though
English reasons, and those therefore which press
most earnestly upon ourselves, for urging an imme-
diate remedy for the evil, are as nething to those
which present themselves in Ireland itself. Here we
see starvation in the midst of plenty, end the bitterest
train of evils visiting nine-tenths of a population
occupying one of the most fertile portions of the
earth. Much then as we value this question of
Reform—much, too, 45 we deprecate all delay on a
subject on which the minds of the whole public of
onf
results,‘ vh
both the whole empire are so ardently bent, yet we look
uortthhe irn pEosntgploannedmae and
postponement
mayl labnece p,upon the state of Ireland as second only to it in im-
rod
portance, and u c
t one i
v e o
Ireland, which we scarcely dare to contemplate.
o
We cannot quit the subject without remarking that
there seems to be a disposition on the part of the
Government to imagine, that discussing the subject
will be sufficient—that a day shall be set apart for
its discussion. This is only a sample of one of the
errors of this talking age, in which every thing is
discussed and nothing dune. What is wanted is a
practical measure emanating from Government—not
-a mere Indian " talk." Commend us to the States-
man who can act as well as talk ; and who does not
think thauthe affairs of a great nation like this can
'be carried on through the medium of a war of words.
—Morning Herald.

An Evening Ministerial Contemporary, which,
however wrong in the end, is generally acute in the
conduct -of its argument, exhibits an unusual and
very palpable obtuseness of und@rstanding in its re-
marks upon an article which appeared in our Journal
yesterday. First, our Contemporary is pleased to
assume that the object of our article was to corn,
pliment the Radicals, and to draw them into the
Tory decoy," an assumption for which there is nu
ground ‘shatever in what we wrote, Again, it is
said triumphantly how can the Whigs whom we al-
lege to be precipitating the country into a revolu-
tion, w;sh to delude the Radicals, whom all the
world charges with being favourable to revolution ?
Can our Contemporary really think that this position
involves any contradiction ? The liadie4s cio Not
disguise that they look fc.r clu.iwes such as
every one the; isel4s would c,711 revolution
'Whigs we do not believe to be really
desirous of such changes; but we maintain that in
the desperation of party spirit they are doinj w4at
in spite
; tuoftul iiind hemstell;sth‘eviilldetlalltiPtvAeZaeclhyerportiosdittyce re-
volution
lladroals, inasmuch as they pretend to bewiftoiri
them and for the people, while in truth they are
only for their party, for'power, and for place. This
is the treachery and selfish despotism of whiel;
spoke. In the eagerness to have svay, whkb no
party exercised sgith domineering tyranny as
the tik higs--in the appetite for the emoluments of
office, which-they can only hold while the peope'c
reason is blinded by excitement—they try to cajole
the Radicals and obtain their assistarye, though they
hate them as ranch as men can hate any thing which
they also despise, We have no wish whtiteyec tP

flatter or " decoy" the Radical party. We third
they are zealous in a bad cause, but honestly zealou
The zeal of Whigs we do not believe to be attendee
by any such palltative.—Morning Post.

' The business of the House of Commons las
night partook of the same lin,zering:, delaying, and
unexplainably slow progress, of which we—nearly
the whole press of the kingdom--assuredly ninety-
nine parts of the people, have been complaini4
during the last fortnight. A good deal of warm
and patriotic feeling was, however, evince] by M•.
Stanley in his reply to the attacks, the frantic at-
tacks we should say, of Sir Charles Wetherell ;
and we augur from this circumstance somewhat
more energetic conduct on the part of his Majesty's
Ministers, as well as somewhat more submission or,
the part of the Opposition. In the meantime we
are now more concerned than ever that the country
must again rouse itself before the Bill be carried
There is " death in the pot,"—there are intrigues
going on in high quarters to deprive the
people of England of their just rights and
privileges; and there are strong expectations
among the aristocracy that they will be able
by delay, to weary out the patience of the
people of England, and turn, by their factious op-
position, those affections against the Bill which have
hitherto been rivetted towards it. Up, therefore,
men of England, and prove that you are not to be
conquered by such base artifices. Cities, towns,
and hamlets, rouse yourselves. There never was
more need for the display of your zeal in favour of
the Bill than now ; and if it does fail in passing
both Houses of Parliament, on you, and you only,
will rest the blame I The city is prepar;ng to me-
morialize Parliament on the subject—the surround-
ing districts will follow—numerous cities and towns
in the country are also on the alert; but the ques-
tion is one which regards all, and we call on all to
do the duty which England expects from them.—
Morning Advertiser.

Active preparations are being made for the
erection of a statue to the memory .of the Right Hon. N.
PITT, within the area of St. George's, Hanover-squire.
We learn that it is the intention of Govern-
ment immediately to re-organ;se the whole yeomanry ca-
valry of Scotland.— Glasgow courier.

A Russian Nobleman, arrived at the quaran-
tine establishment of Brody, in Gallicia, announces that
at Bi Ala Cerkiew, in the Ukraine, the Countess BRANIZKI
has induced a numerous detachment of recruits to declare
themselves for the cause of the Poles.

We are sorry to learn that Mr. Justice PARK
is labouring under a rather severe attack of tic doloureux.

Sir M. TIERNEY is in daily communication
with Prince LIEVEN, the Russian Ambassador, and also
the Baron BuLow, the Prussian Ambassador, relative to
the dreadful pestilence now ravaging so large a portion of
Europe.

The issue of a considerable Brevet commission,
at the ensuing coronation, is now under consideration at
the Horse Guards.

THE GARRICK CORRESPONDENCE.--The
long-announced " Private Correspondence of DAVID GAR-
RICK," with the most celebrated persqus of his time, is at
length on the eve of publication. The work is printed
from the originals lately in possession of the executors o I
Mrs. GARRICK, and will comprise upwards of two thou-
sand lett-rs from persons of the greatest eminence in the
political, literary, and dramatic woad.
mous Doc UMENT.—Ministers have at
this moment in their possession a list of 1,500 indivi-
duals, in or near London, whose private fortunes would
pay off the national debt. Of course the list is only in.
teresting, or of value, as indicating the mass of wealth in
the country, as one could not have imagined at first sight
that the private fortunes of any 1,500 individuals in the
empire could be to such an extent.—Morning Paper.
CHELTENHAM, JULY 26.—Nothing has
been talked of here for the last few days but Pacanisres
defeat on Thursday evening, and his subsequent midnight
retreat. Now that the facts of the case have fully trans-
pired, it appears that he had agreed to perform at the
theatre for two-thirds of the receipts, but finding that the
house was not half full, in consequence of the prices being
doubled, and the ball at the rotunda, he refused to play
unless he received 200 guineas befotehand. To this pro-
position the manager refused to accede, and having in-
formed his audience thereof, the upshot of the event was as
stated in our last, that if Signor was so alarmed at the
tumultuous assembly which surrounded his hotel, that he
was fain to perform against his will, and that, too, at play-
house prices. He, himself, however, received .nothing,
the receipts of the house being very little mere than would
defray its regular expences. We believe this is the only
instance as yet upon record of Pacanines playing to
empty benches, and himself unpaid. But this little ad-
venture may perhaps teach him that our countrymen are
not to be played with, however much they like to be
played to.

Astley's Amphitheatre was illuminated last
night in a sp:endid manner, to celebrate the success of
2Wazeppa, which has been played with increasing attrac-
tion one hundred nights. The portico and front of the
house appeared Covered with lamps. .2Plazeppa, in large
characters, and " One Hundred Nights," were the pro-
minent objects.

Bishop THOMAS was a man of honour and
drollery. At a visitation he gave his clergy an account of
his being married four tithes; " and," says he, cheerfully,
"should my present wife die, I will take another; and it
is my opinion I shall survive her. Perhaps you don't
know the art of getting quit of your wives. I'll tell you
how I do. lam called a very good husband ; and so I am,
for I never contradict them. But don't you know that the
want of contradiction is fatal to women ? If you contra-
dict them, that circumstance alone is exercise and health,
et optima medicamenta, to all women. But give them
their own way, and they will languish and pine, and be-
come gross and lethargic for want of this exercise,'

The city of Benares has now become so holy
that several Hindoo Rajahs have habitations there, in which
their Ambassadors reside, and perform for them the re-
quisite sacrifices and ablutions. The land is said to
extremely valuable, and liw-suits respecting it most fre-
quent. The number of stone and brick houses from one
to six stories high is upwards of w,aoa; the mud houses
upwards of IG,OOO. The permanent inhabitants are up-
wards of 5%000, betake the attend ants of the dant
Princes arid several other foreigners, who amount to nearly
3,000. The concourse during some of the festi,v4la is be..
yoad all calculation. The Mahornetans ave not one in ten.

. • - ---•
EXTRAORDINARY Pflifle-.--011 Thursday af-
ternoon a highly respectable gentleman of this town, an
ardent disciple of ISAAC WALTON, succeeded in bringing
to shore, in a neighbouring pool, a pike, weighing 94Ibs.
and upwards of a yard and a quarter in letlgtk. It is re-
ma!kable that the pool, not snore that tw acres in extent,
was drawn off about seven yeaia ago, and particular care
taken that not one, pii.e should remain uncaught.-13i;-
ming/sar,;

STURGEON.-A sturgeon, Weighing 20st.,
and measuring nine feet in length, was caught on the
evening of Friday last, at Dernock, near Annu►. The
following day it was brought to Dumfries, cut up, and
sold at 4.d. per lb. The said sturgeon, according to the
ci,her►nen,4 is the finest fish of the kind that ever was
caught on the Sottish side of the border; and its flesh,
when retailed at the rate above specified, would put neatly
,I, into the fortunate captors' pockets.—Scotatnan.

IRISH ADMIRALTY COURT.—M amount
has been ordered " of the names and dc.sc4-iption of causes
which have been tried and ad;ttesicated in the Court of Ad-
miralty of Irele.n4 44,ce the lit day of August last past,
togcti2?; with the names and number of effuses which re.
iaaiti entered for trial in that Court, on which no d,o.c-i-
-sion has been pronounced ; and also, a retwa of the
number of days in each month, e.i.c,ce shut period, in
which that Court has sat fo-4, Elevate!' of business."—.
Dublin 2110rniv Alegiaer.
0 i,
,:),v.2trTeele
ti,sd bringing y morning a police
him
three
ee
dconstable
ar
eptml ety
i nD.
a,
dying state from starvation, and stated, that tythewas on duty
in Drury-court he beard a loud nois; as of dogs howling,
in a cellar occupied by the qc,a or' a man who, the constable
stated, was conTic.-..tqd or Stealing dogs and skinning them
some rim;), since at this office. Suspecting th4t tilt: same
practice WAS going on in the house again, he knocked at
the door, and insisted upon gging, into the cellar, where he
frond the three dogs chained. Two of therm were so weak
from starvo,tiora that they could scarcely stand. The third
Luz.pc;,:-.4 recently taken. Mr. BURNABT, the clerk, said it
was the wretch's custom who owned the cellar to chain
the dogs up until they ic4 from hunger, and then to skin
them. Mr. F4;44 ordeied the constable to destroy the tw..
clogs that were in such a dreadful et tte, and to enleavour
find an owner for the other,