The Sun.
London, England, 1836-10-28 00:00:00

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AUSTRALIA.

By the arrival of the Elizabeth, Taylorson, papers have
been received from Launceston to the 26th of May, and
from Hobart Town to the Ist of June. The Lieutenant-
Governor's address to the Legislative Council at Launces-
ton gives a very favourable picture of the state of the
colony. The following is an extract :
" It is not from the number of the inhabitants, or the
extent of their possessions, that I form a favourable opinion
of the state of the territory. It is in the annual augmenta-
tion in commerce and agriculture that I perceive the evi-
dence of its growing importance."

He then compares the official returns of the imports and
exports, which present the following results :
Imports. Exports.
1835 £583,646 £320,679
1834 476,617 203,522

Increase 107,029

117,157

Tonnage.
1835 Vessels cleared outwards 169 43,476
1834... l5O 33,441

Increase

19 10,035

1835 Vessels entered inwards 160 42.001
1834 134 29,588

Increase 26... 22,413
" The speech then goes on to say, " Neither is it in
commerce alone that the signs of general improvement are
so strikingly displayed. There is no parallel of such rapid
success, except in the instance of the colony of Nei• South
Wales.

" The agricultural interest is already, from the high
value and limited extent of available land, verging upon the
division of the relative classes of landlord and tenant usu-
ally to be found in all countries, nor has the creation of rent
been accompanied by such a decline in the rate of profit as
might have been anticipated.
The accession last year to the trade of the colony was
greater than that of any previous period. The means of
the population must therefore have been increasing in even
a greater proportion than formerly. Nor are the causes of
this difficult of detection ; they are readily found in the im-
provement of the price of wool, in the more plentiful and
effective supply of labour so beneficially afforded by the bank-
ing establishments, and in the advantageous investment of
capital afforded by the whale fisheries.
" The value of cattle and sheep, the principal source of
colonial wealth, depending as it did chiefly upon arrivals of
new emigrants, was formerly liable to frequent and extreme
fluctuation. But the steady market opened of late years for
the wool of the colony in England has, in conjunction with
other causes, trebled the price, not only of ordinary fine
wooled sheep, but indirectly even of cattle, and to a certain
but more limited extent of produce generally ; for it has
established a standard return from all farming operations.
Convict discipline has been manifestly improving in all its
departments, and consequently, great progress has been
made in the bridges, roads, and wharfs ; so that, whilst the
main end of transportation is answered, public facilities, as
regards both agriculture and commerce, arc now almost
everrvhere rapidly extending.

Providence seems to have especially favoured one
particular district in the vicinity of Galway, by furnishing
on it, independent of the black marble quarries (now exten-
sively worked), the most abundant supply of superior ma-
terials for the manufacture of glass, alum, and superfine
pottery. The sand is of the sand-stone quality, nearly
white, and the earth was discovered unexpectedly in a pit
or excavation made on a hill to the depth of twenty-five
feet, all of the same solid substance, but varying in colour
and becoming almost black and hard towards the bottom,
at which geologists will be surprised and puzzled to hear
an oak tree lay buried, which had been evidently felled
with an axe. What the underneath strata may be has not
yet been investigated.—Galway Patriot.
A Correspondent of the Hereford Journal says he
has successfully employed the folloVving mixture for the last
sixteen years to provide against smutty wheat :—" Two
Ounces of blue vitriol to a gallon of water, or a pound to
eight gallons, and so on according to the quantity of wheat
to be sown, and the size of the tub or vessel it is to be
steeped in. The vitriol should be dissolved in a few gal-
lons of hot water, and what more is wanted to make up the
quantity may be added cold. The wheat to be steeped
in a tripe, and limed in the usual way the night before
sowing."

HALLEy's Com ET.—This cornet, although only
of late celebrity, may be traced with every degree of pro-
bability to a period of 1:30 years before Christ, as being
the first time it was observed. In 1280 its appearance was
at tended with the most extraordinary circumstances : during
that year the beat was intense, with great inundations. In

the spring of the following year the Mediterranean was
froze►,, and goods were conveyed across in carts. This '
comet so organized the atmosphere that a year or two after
there was thunder and lightning for 15 days successive.
At its neat return in 105, the Baltic S was frozen over for
14 weeks between the Danish and Swedish islands. In 1455,
its next appearance, there were great rains, inundations, and
the Baltic was covered with ice from Mecklenhe►g to Den-
mark during the following winter. Its next appearance was
mar the year 1531. Rome, Antwerp, and Lisbon, suffered
from inundations ; and a food is recorded to have taken
place in England, extending from Sornersetshire to Norfolk.
The summer was intensely hot, yet on the 12:11 of June
there was frost, and the succeeding winter intensely cold.
We now approach the last appearance of the comet, and
let philosophers judge if it has effects or not on the atmos-
phere ; tha unusual cold temperature of the summer, and
exceedingly wet and stormy autumn, which has rendered the
result of the latter harvest eatremely doubtful, and has so
organized the atmosphere that the approaching winter, I
have no doubt, will be intensely cold.—Currespondent of
the Caledonian Mercury.

EAST CORNWALL.—On Saturday last Sir Hus-
sey Vivian arrived at Glynn, and on Monday a deputation
appointed by the electors of the eastern division had an in-
terview with the Gallant General, which was highly satis-
factory to both parties. It will be gratifying to the electors
to know that 170 have authority, on which we can fully
depend, for assuring them that Sir William Trelawney's
seat is secure beyond the possibility of danger ; and that
Sir H. Vivian has a pledged majority, even giving Lord
Eliot the benefit of every doubtful vote. Our gallant
townsman has, therefore, good ground for the statement he
has made with so much modesty, that he looks for-
ward with the utmost confidence to becoming Sir Wil-
liam's colleague ; and for the joy he derives from the fact,
that the good sense of the Reformers of Cornwall has led
them to forget the shades of difference that exist in their
political opinions, and that the attempts of their enemies
to sow dissension among them have been rendered unavail-
ing.—West Briton.

The Journal du Commerce contains a very curious
article on the value of Coffee as an article of merchandise,
and on the effects produced on its sale and consumption
through duties imposed on its importation by various Govern-
ments. The quantities purchased from the growers by the
principal Maritime Powers was, at the periods indicated, as
follow :

United States 1832
England 1834 47,769,00011n.
41,865,000
France 1834
40,022,000
The Netherlands lB3O
29,500,000
Other European States 10,000,000

Total amount of Coffee imported 169,156,000
From the above it is remarked, that thepe.opleof the United
States, with that acuteness which distinguishes them in
commercial affairs, have appreciated the importance of this
commodity, and are the largest purchaser. They purchase
47,769,000 lbs., while England takes but 41,865,000 lbs.
While England exports only 15,250,000 lbs., the exports of
Coffee by the United States are 34,560,000 lbs. The con-
sumption of the latter is given at 15,216,000 lbs., while
that of England reaches 23,785,000 lbs. It is estimated
that in each country every individual on the average con-
sumes annually one pound of Coffee, while in France the
average consumption does not exceed ten ounces for each
inhabitant. This is shown from official returns to be exactly
what it was half a century ago. England consumed till the
year 1824 but at the rate of six ounces for each individual,
or 8,262,000 lbs. Since that period her consumption has
been nearly trebled, and now amounts to 23,785,000 lbs.
This has been caused by a reduction of the duty (formerly
128 per cent.) to half the amount. The revenue under this
head, at first depressed, has, from the increased consump-
tion, risen to be more than half as much again as it was
before the duty was lowered. In France no change has
been made with regard to the tariff on Coffee since 1816.
From the example of England it is now strongly urged that
similar course may be pursued with advantage to the re-
enue, and with a certainty of conferring great benefits on
---the French people.

Tuesday evening the northern lights again illu-
mined the northern hemisphere, and had a very splendid
effect. The phenomena caused an appearance as if there
was a dltant fire raging of great magnitude. They have
been mole frequent this autumn than they have been for
sever4-past years.