The Sun.
London, England, 1813-06-19 00:00:00

TREATY WITH SWEDEN.

On oar re-admission, found the
Earl of Livgapoot. on his legs. In discussing
the merits•of the Treaty ‘l.liich hatl been laid be-
fore the House, he said, that it was necessary to
tall the attention of • their Lordships to the state
of of airs at the time theft the Treaty 'ills made#
but more especially to call to the remembrance
of their Lent!ships the'state of affairs tOwards the
end of last •summer. The:preparations made by
Buonaparte for, the invasion of. Rtissia were tee..
mentions ; and such, that all his former ,etfortt
were as nothing, when compared with' them; they
were the work of no less than three years, and he
was not far wrong ‘vben ,he,said 'Chat his army'
was-such a one as had never before 'beensorga •
nixed by any combination of powers. Was there
a. man in ten thousand who seriously believedAliat
the 'contest would terminate in favour of
Even .n Noble Lord opposite. bad .acknOwledged
that the successes of Russia had been, greater
than' it was possible lor any human being to
expect. Russia, in order to give full scope
to her exertions, had two great objects to ac-
complish, namely to make peace with Turkey,
and to secure the good will. of Sweden. cv
the other hand,. itwas the inv:rest of France by
every means
.to endeavour to, secure the Itien Win)
and thealliance of Sweden. lii order to effect his
purpose Buonaparte tried the effect of intimid:4tion,
by seizin- aptin Swedish Pomerania; immediate! y
after this he mat.: use of the most lavish oilers to
Sweden, one of which was to procure the restora.
tion of Finland to that kingdom. 'Those offers
were not mantic directly bfrranee, but Omagh the
medium of Neutral Powers. Here it !nigh t.be said
that the wisest part which Russia could have act-
ed, in order to secure the alliance of Sweden,
would have been to restore Finland to thacking-
dom. Among the Statesmen of Russia there ex-
isted a great difference of opinion, as to the, value
of some oldie acquisitions Made by the successes-
of their arms ; but there was no difference of opi-
nion between any of these politicians as to the
importance of Finland to Russia. The restora-
tion of Finland therefore could not be expected to
have been spontaneously offered by Russia.
KS the price of the co-operation of
They now came to,the Consideration of the par-:
titular stipulations of the Treaty between these
two powers. And here he would call the atten
tion of their Lordships to time state of parties ht
Sweden ; lie wisned them to recollect that the dis-
position of the whole body of the Swedjsh peoplo
was to co-operate with Russia against France ;
and this, because they conceived that by so doing,
they would act' in the way that was most consist-
ent with the honour and with the security of their -
country. By the Treaty between time two ra-;
tions, Russia and Sweden made common Cause ;
but it was stipulated, that withit view to the Se-
euritTof Sweden, Russia should assist that
clam in obtaining possession of Norivny, And then
Sweden was to co-operate against Prance. lit
discussing, the merits of this Treaty, there were
three considerations wliich presented themselves
—lst, Whethe'r Rll§Sia anti Sweden were morally
justified in entering'' into such tut engag,etnent-
2dly,NVhether Great Britain was justified in aceed-
ing to such an engagement—and :idly, Wxs it for
ttsil r\soe, sfet:
isGreatpoint
Bt
noil• gf
,tij ? As to
sustified ii:tht:iikitl
ing such a Treaty, because Pentnark was concur-
ring and co-operating with France in her exertions
against ,Russia. I.l' his conduct of Denmark 1a ..is
not the result of any ancient Treaty with France,
by which. Denmark was Aionini to furnish hem'
tingent in any %var which might. occur. It was
nothing of this kind, bat it was aim .etage:
meat expressly made at that very titne•,, to,11(
one.. by .which she was hotin to
dput te
disposoi of France a h,“131 of 1
.
was destined to occupy the soore, of t e'l.
Would any loan say that 003 wa.s ivy ike“iat en.
ie would
'4(lh
:4
‘glifl:ll.-tetlt {llltlV:l;:r:irslt:alt:rlactsnhetoeititl;:ctStteit‘letm:;e:lPl:lll:3ll:llltlßll):.(l:l7fi'Bstliv.iiittlsl'64ltleell-1111:11:k;t11:;:lal'tililt:
f
tt.'o6,leTttleirtihn“tto,.ctot,iolepettirint.eionvi‘lle.intl'lSß7sisia, Den was
e'u about
t
rtark
was MoWitiV, the steps of France, and Was aid-
jug/ 4bltingi and assisting her views t'oefsur3

Russia . As to thettecnnd consideration, be sb6uM
maintain that as a question of morality, Great
:Moth' was justified in acceding to the Treaty,
between Russia and Sweden ; a's to the poli(4y of
agreeing to it, that would come to be argued af-
terwards. Was not G'eat Britain at War with
Denmark ? Were not Danish seamen on hoard of
French ships ? Were Jtot the ports of. Denmark
shut against this country; ami did she not em•
•ploy every means in her power to annoy our trade
Being at war with 1) nmark, we had as much
.right to conquin.
,Norway, as nny part of the do-
minionsofany nation witim whom. we might he at
war; and of course we had an equal right to assist
any of our allies in making such a conquest. On
the subject of the claims which Swelea might he
supposed to have on our co-operation, 110 would
retci to the way in which she had lost Finland.
,She lost it on account of her refusal to agree to
the treaty of Tilsit. It was not auy,new thought to
have Norway added to Sweden, for troops had
been sent, tinder Sir John Moore, to assist the
Swedes in taking Norway as compensatiou for the
loss of Finland ; so that Great Britain had for-
merly entered into an engagemeut to assist
Sweden in obtaining possession of Norway. Ile
did not mean to say, that subitquent ceents had
not released this country from that engagement ;
but he would say, that the attaelunent which had
beets constantly evinced by the Swedish people to-
wards Great Britain, was a strong claim ,upon as
to renew tile engagement. He could nut conceive
that any loan would. main tank that Great Britain
was not Justified in malting common cause with
Sweden against Denmark. • As, to the importance
of Norway, be believed that next to the Penin-
sula there was no country on the Continent which
it Was so desirable should be kept out of the
power of France ; and this on account of its ex-
tent of coast, its numerous harbour's, and its
other. maritime resources.—He stated this, be-
cause if the question was as to interest or policy,
it was certainly the interest of this country that
'NOrway should- be in possession of that power
which was most independeut of France. If
they were to consider the question as one of
policy, what would of necessity be the policy
of Denmark ? As long as the power of. France
should re Bala what it was on the Continent,
Deurnark would inevitably be dependent on
naoce, and consequently Norway while in the
possession of Denmark, would likewise bent the
disposal of :France. Time inclination of Sweden
was to be independent of France.- But what
was the case with Denmark ? She had shewn
herself to be so much attached to her German
dominions, that, in order to preserve them, she
enters into a league With France. Although
Swedish troops ,hatl not been engaged with the
French army during the last campaign, they had
been so disposed as to keep in check a large corps
of the French. By time Treaty, Russia was to
place a corps at the disposal of Sweden, but. at
the very moment when Buonuparte was advancing
to Moscow, the corps, under the command of
Wittgenstein, was set at liberty by Sweden, and
bad joined the main .army of Russia. The
safety of Russia was certainly owing ti, the spirit
of the people, but•the destruction of the French
firilly on the Beresina was certainly owing to. the
junction of the corps Wittgenstein. It was to
the disposition of Sweden to make common came
with Russia, that the successes of the Russians
were in ii great. degree to be ascribed, and he
line:w that the Itossian Government flit that it was
so, and wished that the British Government should
become a party to their engagernents„ tinder
these eircurnstances.negociations were he gun last
whiter, and the priilelpie on which Government
mUrreed to treat with Swede's was the stipulatioa
that the first operation should he on the Conti-
nent ; and it'was on this ground that they coo-
ccived that the measure was warranted .by soon('
policy Denmark lead never manifested any in-
clination to throw off the French yoke, even when
opportunity offered. Unites these circumstances
was there any reason why Government to
have refrained front assisting the Allies of the
country ? Were they to have done AO front
rim-
tivesm of tenderness to a Power acting as Denmark
had done ?—there would have been neither sense
itor policy in sparing a Power whose disposi-
Coos were such. At one time a' disposition• to
peace had been manifested by the Danish Minister
at Stockholin ; but when the Court of -Stockholm
immediately, in consetpience of it, made:a com-
munication on the subject to the Court of Copen-
bagen,-it was.foood that the intentions of Den-
mark were by no means altered. At last a serious
offer of peace was made by Denmark to this cumin-
'try ; but at the time when Count Bernstorff's miss
aion was matter of notot icty, at that-very time Den,.
mark, in all the papers, was mentioned as the ally
of France. Would it have been for the interest of
England to have thrown aside the advantage of a
power who had opposed the ants of France, for
the sake of one that had supported their efforts,
and that wished to reserve to itself the power of
snaking peace with the successful party ? He
.would takeupon himself to say, that the propo-
sals made by Denmark to this comiotry were such
as no aunt of sense; would,.lmave beenauthOrisettist-
listening to. It would he animist if he shonld omit
to ;my, that it was his _ belief that there never was
its aity,power a more anxious desire to fulfil its en-
pigments,. than there was on the part of Swe-
deo. The delay i lauding the Swedish troops on
the coltioent was owing to the length of time
which had elapsed ere the news Of the ratification
of the Treaty had reached Sweden; for during the '
whole.t:ine the Swedish troops had been in readi-

oe6s to einhark.---‘l'ith respert to the conduct of

the swvdes, ►at the time of the capture of Haul-
.

btyh, it was to be recollected, that the fate of
that: to depended on the rnovilnentS of the
grvat araii:is; and if the. Aiiies were obi g-

eci to rctn.c.' upoti the 011,2 r, the. preservation
1-.l,:taihttrf.ch \lra:4 impaisthle. 11,0 c(}ndlit:t
t-Ar tfie swykle:i that i4stance WAS 110 t to he
,scHt),-,1 to any tyant of zeal,. t.ut Ivtli 1.1 e-
t :lit ;I coastirt!niate 'prudence , for whatever :IPP--
1'1.41,4,3n may hereafier Enke place, Coe Siverj',43
eorfoi e.-al that time 'exactly in that sit,,atiot: w':n4,:l4 it cold& orwrate most c.ti;!cttlatly ngailiSt the
Fr e n ,As to the ce:,:iiott Ctiadatottpt,-- pus
bession of a West Intlia Ishold Sts alwavit heel)
,
with any foreign
considered 'AS material in a treaty
1„,,,vt,T; and there t 1,13 110 colony, (ht. tit gp;ioo of
which was less exceptinable. than that which hall

been given. to Sweden. On the subject of the
Slave Trade, it had always,beett deemed higlily
important to obtain the concurrence of other na-
tions in iLs abolition, and :this had accord hig ly
been provided for by the mesent Treaty. By the
Treaty theliade of Europe Was effectually opened
to es, by making Swedent he entiepot for ly;tidt
goods. He had begun w.th viewing the. stun* of
Europe about the middle of the last year ; he would
wish their Lordships to compare it with the state
of affairs at -the-present time. They Ie seen for
the last seven years the attempts whieh had been
made by theltuler of France fo vxd!)ide theirtain froet the rights of civilized nations ; they
had sere the effects of the maritime systein,-and
bad got rid of it. His Lordship concluded a.
very 'able speech, of which our restricted li-
mits have prevented us:from- giving even s per-
fect outliae,' by movieg an Address to his }top !
Highness the niece Regent, which- was read in
so very low a time by his ;Lordship, that we call-
not state anythingfurther of it, than that it was
in approbation of the Treaty.'
Lord flot.e.tku was sure there was in the
Ilouse a feeling not only to express abhorrence,
not of the Treaty only, but also of the principles
00 which it was foende(l. Ile laboered under a
disadvaotiwe in arguiag with the Noble Earl, be-
cause he found that they attached different !neat,-
legs to the same
,words. The Noble 'Earl had
described the advantages of the Treaty in general
terms ; but he had forgot to
.say any thing about
the million of nomey which was to be paid to
Siveden. . They bad agreed to cede Guadoloupe iii
perpeteity.to Sweden—they agreed to assist Swe-
den •in despoiling-one of her neighbours with
whom till lately Great Britain had been at peace ;
they agreed to pay a million of motley ; and they
engaged not to make .
peace the counnou
enemy until. the stipulations of the Treaty we're
fidßlled ; that is, moil Sweden dweld have taken
Norway, al,i4 until we should have ceded Cuatia-
loupe. But what (lid Sweden-do, for all this—she
agreed to send 30,000 men, to the Continent, and
to give us Stralsund and Cat-Ist:alit as entrepots for
British goods ; Guatbdoupe they ceded in perpe-
tuity ; and they were to assist in the conquest of
Norway, which was to-belong to Sweden in per-
petuity ; but Stralsund and Carlsiram were to be
entrepots for British goods only, for fifteen years.
When the Noble Earl had
,justified the Treaty by
saying, that we were at wet with Denmark, on
what principle did be justify the conduct of those
'Powers that were at peace with 'that kingdom ?
'The' Noble Lord concluded his speech by moving,
as an amendment, that an bumble Addresa be
presented tti his Royal Higheess the Prince .11e-
gent, in condemnation of the Treaty.
Lord Hattaowev made an able speech in favour
of the Ti caty, which 'our confined limits preclude
us from giving at length. He remarked that the
indemnification which bad been proposed to
Denmark for Nora ay, was Swedish-Pomerania.—
Sweden had also acted a most . important part,
and performed a signal, service to the cause of
Russia, by assisting in setding the differences
between the Court of St. Petersburgh and the
Porte. •
Thu Marquis of BucKlNCutsai spoke against
the Address'.
Lord CLANCARTY spoke in tavotir of it.
The 'Margins of. Douoeisa spoke against the
Address.
Earl GREY pointedly censured -the Treaty with
Sweden, whieb aothorised the spoliation of the
territories of a friendly• nerd unolfending Power,
as a sine gnu. non, as an essential preliminary ;
there WriS .110 coOcCti.sloll Ott.the part of. Defi-
ne:la whi,ll- could have avoided that spoliation.
Whatever the original cause of -war with De-
nmark may have been, it was impossible to jus-
tify it, excaitt on the plea of necessity, and by the
law of nations, whet) ;hat ceased to operate, am-
ple reparation should be limie for the injurks
tlicted. The aene..,:atiou of Nor Way to Bwedest
tvacilcl eventually prose highly injurious, as Res-
sot would naturally he connected with this Coun-
try, and ,Stveden with France,. With hiteNtible
Friend be ',greed an opportunity had been lost
by ministers, never to be recalled. A disposition
towards peace might have been shewe with dig-
nity and •effect, shewing equally the moderation
and justice of the country. • 'Moderation in suc-
cess wits an infinitely superior policy to solicittt;.
Lion after failure.
Lord BaTttuitaT observed, the Noble Earl had
displayed,,nay exhausted, a great deal of ingenuity
and eloquence ; but, in his mind, had advanced
little of argdrncnt in applying to the real merits
of the case. -With respect to. the ships which
wvre detaieed by Stveden, itnd not liberated Mail
tines were imposed, as mentioned by the-Noble
Lord, the fact.wits, that at number of British ships
were driven into Carlsham and other of the .Swe-
dish ports ; the countries were then at peace, but
before the vessels could sail they became hostile,
and the detention was the conseqaence. This
country had acted so in similar circumstances.—
He granted that if our acquieseence•in the Treaty
was morally wrong, i, could not be truly politic ;
but that it was the former, not one. word of the
Noble Earl's :tended to prove. We were at war
with Denmark at the time, and therefore, without
moral reproach, we might have: attacked Norway
ourselves, and kept po,setSioll of it, as well as we
had done.in the rase of their Vest India posses-
sions, or the Lie of Heligoland ; and in that
view an attack, if necessary or expedient,
in concert with our Allies, was equally jas-
tifiable. In treaties of alliance; no one of
the parties could fairly treat but in Con-
jenctiott with the rest—a consideration that
operqted with others 'in the late oegnciations at
Denmark. An acquiesoc. cc intheTreaty in ques-
tion was fotitided in political expediency
as morality. it were withheld,-in what a sitea-
tion wduld' the country be placed. The Crown
Prince mAit then have deinanded the thirty-five
thonsand then front Russia, and with all the forces
of Sweden iit addition, have attacked Norway.—
That force was now; otherwise. employed ; and
-,s'ithout its /diverting powers, the Allies might
have been driven front the Oder to the Vistula!
If raw had garrisoned the dominioes of Den-
mark, this country might have. heen ere now in a
state of war with Russia and Sweden ; or have
placed ourselves its a situation, in which, whether
either Russia or France were victorious, the loss
would be to this country; whereas, by acceding

to the Treaty, these complicated difft,:...alt;A were
led ; and they would be . enaliied to.bring.a
for-e Of 65,006 men to aet against Prance in the
present caminkign. The whole thne the negocia-
tioo waq Carrying On, the i.'ct was known to.
Prant,,e, who, not withstandin,l, continued to style
mark its good and. faithful Ally, and to,keep,
ins Minister resident at Copenhagen. This maybe
considered with reference to the sincerity and ob-
jects of the Court'of Denmark in the transaction ;
whose real design, however, in his opinion, seem-
ed to he to keep well at the same time with both
France and England ;
.but in all situations of that
kind it nitipt naturally be expected-that a little
falsehood might be told to at !east one of the par-
ties. Recurring to the conduct of Minh,ters in
acceding to the Treaty in (ine,,tion, the Noble
Earl eonteritted it was justifiable in point ofjus--
flee and morality, NVarrillt ed by.
calledfor by the -particular circumstances of the
case

After a few rernarlts front Lords GREY, LIVE, -
Pont, and, fIoLLAND, the iflause• divided on the
original question—
Fin- the nitioo.of Lord Liverpool,
•Conleok , 78
Priixies • • , .G 2-140
Not Conte ,to
Proxiri 27—G7
Majority iu favour of Mini,tevs— 73
AdjoUrned* TWO &Clock.