The Sun.
London, England, 1836-04-21 00:00:00

THE TURKEY TRADE

Mr. G ROT E presented a petition, signed by sixty of the
most respectable merchants engaged in the trade with Tur-
key, the majority of whom he could vouch, front his own per-
sonal knowledge, complaining of the interference of Russia in
that trade to the prejudice of the English merchants. Turkey
had always shown herself disposed to afford every facility to the
commercial intercourse between her subjects and those of
Great Britain, but lately every merchant trading to the ports
of Turkey or of Persia had found himself cramped by the in-
fluence of Russia. The commerce with those countries had
been yearly increasing, and was capable of almost indefinite
extension. He hoped, therefore, that any attempts made to
thwart that fair extension would be at once met and with-
stood. At the same time, he must say, that he should deeply
deplore any circumstance which should happen to involve this
country in hostilities with Russia.
Sir S. CANNING presented a petition to the same effect,
signed by 160 of the most respectable merchants of Glasgow,
trading to the Levant. The present disposition of the Turkish
Government was, he believed, as stated by the Hon. Member
for London, with whose sentiments, deprecating any thing that
could provoke unnecessary hostility on the part of Russia, he
agreed.

CRACOW.
Mr. P. STE WART said that nothing but the great im-
portance which he attached to the subject could have induced
him again to trouble the House with a matter which be had
already brought under its notice. The Hon. Member then
proceeded to advert to the manner in which he maintained
Russia had broken through all the several treaties by which
she was bound to the other nations of Europe, and the man-
ner in which she had opposed herself to the existence of some
nations and the interests of all. He then alluded to the
treaty of Vienna in 1815. Lord Castlereagh, at the discus-
sions prior to that treaty, took a sound view of what it was for
the interests not only of England but of Europe to insist upon
—that Statesman said,
" That it was England's wish to see some independent
Power established in Poland, under a distinct dynasty of its
own, and as a separation between the three great Empires of
Etirope.
" Experience has shown that the happiness of Poland and
the tranquillity of Europe cannot be secured by thwarting the
national customs and habits.
" An attempt of this kind would only excite among the
Pales a spirit of disaffection and degradation ; it would occa-
sion revolts, and awaken the remembrance of great misfor-
tunes. He earnestly requested the Sovereigns upon whom
die fate of Poland depended, not to leave Vienna till they had
pledged themselves that the Poles, in their respective domi-
nions, under whatever form of Government they might think
proper to place them, should still be treated as Poles." The
Hon. Member then read the notes of the Ministers for the
other Powers in reply :
" Count Rasoumoffski, for Russia, replied—' That the just
and liberal principles which Lord Castlereagh's note con-
tained were received by his Imperial Majesty with the most
cordial approbation, and that he had been delegated to recog-
nise the generous sentiments which characterise the British
nation, and the enlarged and enlightened views of its Go-
vernment.' "
" Prince Hardenburgb, for Prussia, declared—' That the
principles laid down by Lord Castlereagh, as to the method of
governing the Polish provinces, were in perfect conformity
with the sentiments of his Prussian Majesty on the subject.' "
" Prince Metternich, for Austria, said—' That the re-esta-
blishment of Poland as an independent State, with a national
Administration of its own, would have fully accomplished
the wishes of his Imperial Majesty ; and that he even would
have been willing to make the greatest sacrifice to promote
the restoration of that ancient and beneficial arrangement.
• 4, * He entirely agreed with the sentiments ex-
pressed by Lord Castlereagh in his memorial of the wishes of
his Court, as to the future lot of the Poles. "
Prince Talleyrand had also said that of all the propositions
which had been discussed at this Congress this was the most
important to the permanent peace and interests of Europe.
And the Emperor Alexander, addressing Count Otronski, Pre-
sident of the Senate, on April 30, 1815, said—
" It is with peculiar satisfaction that I announce to you
that the destiny of your country is about to be fixed by the
concurrence of all the Powers assembled at the Congress of
Vienna.
The kingdom of Poland shall be united to the empire of
Russia by the title of its own Constitution, on which I am de-
sirous of founding the happiness of the country. If the great
interests involved in general tranquillity have not permitted all
the Poles to be united under one sceptre, I have at least en-
deavoured, to the utmost of my power, to soften the hardships
of the separation, and every where to obtain for them, as far as
practicable, the enjoyment of their nationality."
What then could be said against that revolution in Poland,
which some parties had attempted to deny ? The revolution
of 1830 was, in his opinion, a most justifiable and rational
revolution, and the demand made on the Republic of Cracow
to deliver up the parties concerned in that revolution, full five
years ago, was quite of a piece with the policy pursued by
Russia all along=a policy as cruel and as crooked, as it was