The Sun.
London, England, 1822-01-12 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, JAN. 11.—Congregations will be holden for the
purpose of granting Graces, and conferring Degrees, on the
following days in the ensuing Term, viz.—
Monday, Jan. 14 ; Thursday. 21 ;---Tuesday, Feb. 5 ; Satur-
day, 16 ; Tuesday, 19 ; Thursday, 23.—Tuesday, March 12 ;
Thursday, 21; Saturday, 30.

PREFERMENTS.
The late Dr. Hannington is succeeded in his Prebendal Stall
by the Dean of Hereford Cathedral ; and in his Rectory of
Hampton Bishop by the Rev. H. Huntingford.
The Rev. D. Williams, late Curate of Mansell Gammage
and By Ford. to the Living of Wigmore, on the presentation 6f
the Bishop of Hereford.
The Rev. Hugh Owen, M.A. Rector of Stapleton, Salop,
to the Archdeaconry of Salop.
The Rev. Geo. Bellett, to the Vicarage of Sampford-Arun-
dell, on the presentation of Win. Bellett, Esq.
PREACIIERS AT ST. MARr's.—Rey. Mr. Hill, of St. Ed-
mund Hall, Sunday morning; Rev. Mr. Bardgett, of Merton
College, in the afternoon.

_
NATIGATION COMMITTEE.----all official Report
has just been presented to the Navigation Com-
mittee of the City of London by the officers
appointed to make a survey of the banks of
the River Thames, for the purpose of ascer-
taining the extent of the injury done by the
late floods, and in order that the proper re-
pairs may be carried into effect. Some idea
may be formed of the amazing height to which
the water rose in the river, without an easterly
wind or sudden thaw, from the following ex-
tract from the Report :--" It exceeded by four
inches the height to which it rose in 1771, as
recorded by a stone let into a wall at Shep-
perton ; and two inches higher than it is re-
corded to have risen in the same year by a stone
let into the wall of Isleworth church-yard."
It is nevertheless gratifying to learn, that,
although very serious injury has been done in
many places to the towing-paths, and to some of
the finely-constructed locks, yet the navigation
of the Thames in the City district was never im-
peded for an hour, nor were the up-country ves-
sels for any length of time. From Christmas-
day till Monday the 7th may be stated as the
longest period.
We are happy to state that the Earl of Esstx
was yesterday considered out of danger. His
Lordship was suddenly attacked by a quartan
ague, early in the week, in consequence of a re-
pelled gout.

he report of the Marquess of lIERTFo RD'S in-
disposition is incorrect. A letter was received
from the Marquess on Monday, in which he says
he was never in a better state of health.--(Bel-
psi News-Letter.)

Mr. Jerningham, of whose exertions,in recover-
ing and restoring a daughter to her father, such
honourable mention is made by Mr. Love-
day, in his petition to the Chamber of De-
pnties, in France, is not, as seems to have been
supposed by the French Advocate (by whom the
petition was drawn), a Frenchman, and only ori-
ginally of English extraction, but an English
gentleman accidentally at Paris, a brother of Sir
George Jerningham, Bart., and Secretary of the
Board of British Catholics.

It is stated in a' contemporary print, that there
will be four eclipses in the course of the present
year, none of which will be visible ; this is not
correct ; of four eclipses in the course of the pre-
sent year, viz. two of the Sun and two of the
Moon, both of the latter will be visible ; the one
occurring on the morning of the 6th of February,
and the other on the night of the 2d of August.—
( Kentish Gazette, Jan. 11.)
BURGLARY AT LADY MANNERS'.---On Saturday night
the town residence of Lady MANNERS, in Grosvenor-square,
was broke open by thieves, who gained access from the back
part of the premises, and robbed the house of several sovereign,
five livery coats, &c. belongihg to her Ladyship, with which the
depredators escaped.
On Tuesday last John Fuller, a convict,
escaped from the 'Retribution Hulk, lying at
Sheerness ; several soldiers and guards belong-
ing to the ship, went in immediate pursuit,
but without success. Fuller is a native of this
County,. and convicted at the last Assizes,
with Walter Price, for a burglary at Mo.- He
had left the Retribution Hulk a short time with
other convicts, prior to an inspection taking
place, and by some means contrived to evade
the ob3ervation of the centinels and effected
his escape. This is the second time this dar-
ing character has escaped from custody. He
has several times been flogged, and repeatedly
imprisoned. He is well known by the nick-
name of " 'Scope Gallows," from his having a
large wen on the side of his neck, which he used
jokingly to say 44 would prevent Jack Ketch
from putting a rope round his neck." The Se-
cretary o f State received information on Wed-
nesday of this man's escape, and it was trans,
[flitted to the various Police Magistrates in the
metropolis.—(Kentish Ga,:clte, Jun. 11.)

FOR THE SUN.

MODERN POLITICAL ECONOMY.
[LETTErt Vl.]

MR. EDITOR—A very little while ago, there
was a person, calling himself ABRAHAM TUDZLA,
who commenced a series of letters in a Morning
Paper; and, that he might escape the trouble of
arrangement, and cast aside all coherence of
thought arid design, he told his readers that he
should put down things as they occurred to him,
and write excursively, like a great genius. Consi-
dering the convenience of this plan, I wish I had
ostensibly odopted it, for I find I cannot avoid it
by any means. My sweet friend TUDELA (mu-
sical name) has resolved all Revenue into a sys-
tem of borrowing, from which we should judge
him to be the X. Y. of the Stock Exchange ;
but he has not said that this must necessarily in- •
elude the principle of sinking the eapitalin long an-
nuities, without which it would be impracticable.
If I mistake not, this was the original method of
borrowing, but it did not answer; for coy parts
I wish it had. Mr. RICARDO has, with equal
ingenuity, discovered that the different qualities of
soil is the occasion of rent ; for that if land hal
been (ill of one quality, AND BOUNDLESS, there
would have been no rent at all. There is an old
saying, that " If the sky should fall, we should
catch larks." -A man may speak the truth, and
yet speak to no purpose ; for I suppose we may
limit the foregoing proposition to any Specitic
kingdom, or portion of the earth (Island or Cc::-
tinent) and it is not true that if land were all of
one quality, there would be no rent. If England
were all of one quality, the consequence would be
—what ?—What would the political economists
say in this case ? Not that there would be no
rent ; because, by the accumulation of property,
the land would be likely to fall into parcels unfit
for single occupations ; or into idle hands ; or,
by inheritance, into hands unacquainted with
rural affairs. Well then—would the rents be
all equal . No—because, in the vicinity of cities
and towns, which must be supported by country
products, the difference of carriage, and the high
prices of garden-stuff, hay, green food for horses,
&c. make commodities dearer, and render the
same soil of much more value to the owners :
therefore, if land in England (or in any populous;
country) were all of one. quality (which happens
to be a very silly supposition) there would nct
only be rent, but a considerable difference in its-
amount per acre.

For my own part I more than doubt the other
provision ; if land were boundless as well a 4
equable (although the world which we inhabit
is not made so ; and therefore the suppoillion is
foolish as well as useless), appropriation of pro-
perty, and therefore rent, might very well Intv•'!
existed. If civilization be supposed ; and the
cultivation of the earth for accumulated popula-
tion, locally fixed, and living in society be sup.
posed,—all the consequences are likely to follow
which we see and experience ; excepting, indeed,
that it would not necessarily follow that immense
landed estates should be given in fee-simple to
an Aristocracy, as with us. But since rent doe
not fall on the consumer, this is no injury to the
public; indeed I am prepared to skew, that un-
der an enlightened and liberal administration of
estates, it is a blesssing to a nation.

But according to Mr. Ricardo's system, we
owe all our evils, political and civil, to the in-
equalities of our soil. The whole world of indus.
trious people have become subject to labour.
Some on the earth—some above it—and some
under it—because land lies in hills and vallies.—
and part of it is sandy and poor—and other
parts loamy and rich ;—our chalks, clays, and
gravels, have brought us to a fine pass ! With-
out hills and mountains we should probably
have had no springs and rivers ; bat this is no-
thing to a Political Economist. If laud had
been all of one quality, it would most probably
have been all level, and those who please to look
into Burnet's theory of the earth, may be almost
persuaded that at first it might be so ; but if he
could be sure of it, it is not so now, and therefore
the question is useless.—ln order to arrive a: this
solution of the origin of rent, Mr. Ricardo only
just, supposes that all the richest parts of the land
were oocupied first ; which is just as false and
nonsensical as any other principle in the modern
school.

We need not go back to suppose that this
country (or any other) must first be inhabited by
a civilized, sharp-sighted race of people, who
fully explored it, and settled upon the river sides,
and other fertile spots : nor add, that if they-
had not so multiplied that the vicinity of their
settlements must be wanted for cultivation, they
might have escaped all the evils of high rents
and taxes. I say we need not follow the pro-
gress of society this way, because it did not
thus begin with us. Let us go over to America,
and see what really happens in our own time.—
Mr. Ricardo might, in common prudence, have
looked across the Atlantic, and he would have
seen a case in point ; Jr his propositions be not
true there, how should they be applicable any-
where ?—ln America many poor tracts of land
are settled and populous, and many extensive
rich ones are yet in a state of nature. How does
this happen ? —Truly, since civilized men are
prone to Society, and are associated, moreeNer,
for self-defence, as well as to supply their mu-
tual wants ; they first build a town, and having
settled there, the adjacent lands become valua-
ble. In the further advance of population, other
towns are laid out, and some of these where na-
vigation invites, although land is poor—or other
local reasons, as mines, &c.'produce like effects :
thus it happens, that much poor land is cultivated
and improved, and much rich land is neglected
for many ages in all countries. Also, it chews
that land naturally mean or poor, or inferior,
but favoured by local advantages, draws more
rent than the best in a situation remote from
populous towns.

I remain, Sir, your's, &c.
APERTUS.

THE LONDON JouttN,L,.

DAILY EXTRACTS FROM THE MORNING PAPERS,
January 12, 1822.

[Tltr Tlmrs.]
We have been extremely tardy, our readers
will Kaye observed, in publishing Ultimatums (if
there be such a word) between the Russians and
the Turks, because we have been of opinion that
all reports upon this subject were insecure or un-
fo.unded; We may now, however, safely assert,
that a definitive arrangement has been offered by
Turkey, to which, if her executive Government
.have - power to give it effect, Russia ought to
accede: Russia complained that Turkey had
advanced troops in great force into Walachia,
contrary to the obligation of a private treaty.—
The Porte consents to withdraw the (hole of
those troops, leaving the province free—but on
condition that the Emperor Alexander also with-
draws his forces from their present threaten-
ingi position on the Turkish frontiers. Russia
,complains of the ill-treatment of the Greeks,
and the destruction ~of their churches, for the
safety of which Russia, professing a similar
faith with the Greeks, stood pledged. Turkey
Teplies, that though these evils have been
brought upon the Greeks by their own rebellion,
she still -rebuild their churches, and forgive
-their breach of allegiance. In this point, there-
fore, the complaint of Russia is removed. This
i-laimatum, so far as words go, (and the Turks
have not been unobservant of their treaties,) and
as a mere act of diplomacy between two inde-
pendent Powers, seems fair. Still the question
remains—Will not Russia, knowing her strength,
seek fresh.occasion to quarrel with a feeble ad-
ersary ;.and can Turkey, if she would, rebuild
the Christian churches, and recall her erring sub-
jects to the tender embrace of a kind and parental
Government ?.. The Greek insurrection will
_go on of course. Were Russia at this moment
struck out of the list of independent Powers, the
Turks and Greeks never can, we think, resume
their ancient relations. We confess, however,
that we do not see how Russia, after this conces-
sion on the part of Turkey, can still keep her
hcstile attitude ; it is pretty clearly understood
that the Courts of England, France, and Austria,
are against her on this question. Whatever,
therefore, may be her inclinations, will she ven-
tire to be the first to break up the (so called) Holy
Alliance ? •

--________
[NEW TIMES.]
Four indictments preferred by the Constitu-
tional Association, against as many of Carlile's
shopmen, were yesterday returned True Bills
by the Grand Jury of London. This circum-,
stance is the more satisfactory, as it proves that
the wicked efforts of The Times are unavailing.
In that Paper, of yesterday morning, appeared
the following monstrous and scandalous para-
graph In a conflict between the Carlile Gang
and the Bridge-street Gang, none need care
which party.. triumphs. Yet the inhabitants
of the metropolis, we see, ardently desire
the success of the former "!!! Now, we put
iz to the inhabitants of the metropolis, whe-
th.e.: they do ardently desire the, success of
Carlile ? We put it to some even of the Pro-
prietors of The Times itself, whether they de-
sire success to a convicted libeller in establishing
an zrvowed " Mart for Sedition and Blasphemy."
If not, how can a public Journal dare to insult
decency, morals, and religion, by so shameless an
averment? And this Journal is The Times, a
Paper once received into their houses and fami-
lies by the most respectable individuals in the
City of London, by persons of different religious
persuasions, but all abhorring blasphemy—of dif-
ferent political sentiments, but all hostile to sedi-
tion! It pains us to remark so often on the derelic-
tion of principle in a particular Journal ; but we
have a solemn duty to perform in exposing all at-
tempts to pervert public opinion. The present is a
peculiarly gross case, and the time of its occur-
rence remarkable. Indictments are preferred
against four of Carlile's accomplices ; and in the
interval before they are considered by the Grand
Jury, the article, on which we are animadverting,
appears ! Comment is unnecessary on such a
transaction at such a period. By the finding of
these bills, one great point is decided against the
dealers in blasphemy—one of their tricks is de-
feated, that of concealing their-names. Some of
the shopmen thought to baffle prosecution by re-
fusing to give their names ; but this artifice has
stood them in no 'stead, for the bill has been
found against an offender in custody, " whose
name is to the Jurors unknown." In like man-
ner all the other petty artifices, such as that of
dealing through a turning box, concealing the
face of the vender, &c. will, we doubt not, soon
Le frustrated by the vigilant attention of that
most honourable, wise, and patriotic Institution,
the Constitutional Association.

[MORNING POST.

French Papers to • the 9th inst. came to hand
yesterday.. They add but little to our previous
intelligence. Most of them give the article of
the. Austrian. Observer, which. we 'inserted yes-
terday, and all agree in considering that contra-
diction as affording strong reasons to believe
e.
in th existence of' the facts which it pretends
to deny. An article of . the.. I.7th.ultimo from
Trieste asserts, that the whole Albanian district,
situated between Alessio and Albanopolis, has
recovered its independence, arid that the insur-
rection extends so. far as the mountains which
separate that country from Macedonia. .Till
now, however, the inhabitants of tipper Albania
are represented as having acted. entirely on their
own account,. and without 'any connexion with
the Greeks, They have -collected on the coast
between Dulcigno and 'Durazzo a small flotilla
which may prove highly serviceable in the course
of.ulterior operations, if they should establish a
regular communication with the. Greeks and Al-
banians .of Epirus Proper. The !Pacha of Scodra,
either through fear or policy, had partially
espoused their. cause, and peremptorily refused
to march to the :relief of ,Churschid Pacha.—.
This refusal was 'defended on -.the :ground. that
his absence Would have. been the signal for
a general attack on his .forts,, which could

not have resisted, and on his citadel, '
formed his hit bulwark. hlowever this. might
be, he was counted amongst the enemies of the
Porte,
_and' therefore had of late taken part.
openly with them. According to the same ar-
ticle, other Paellas, though they had assembled
and concentrated their forces, remained in a de-
gree of inaction which seemed to announce that
they were more disposed to follow than to direct
the course of events. With respect to the Per-
sians, the accounts are contradictory. The
report of their having discontinued their march
has nothing to entitle it to more credit than the
hundred rumours which are set in circulation
every day; whilst it is in some measure contra-
dicted by the Divan abstaining from recalling
and cancelling the Declaration of War lately
issued against Persia. The intelligence frem
Venice states that the Senate of Lombardy had
sentenced to death thirty-four individuals (some
of whom belong to the first families), for having
conspired against the Government of Carbonari.
The Emperor of Austria confirmed the sentence,
but afterwards commuted it for various periods
of confinement and banishment.

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]
"We rejoice exceedingly that the Agriculturists
'begin at length to feel strong conviction of the
necessity for carrying retrenchment and economy
into every department of the State. They may
rest assured that it is by endeavouring to ap-
proximate our expenditure to that of other coun-
tries, and not by attempts to create artificial
prices, and to obtain monopolies, that their re-
lief can be obtained. The conduct of the vene-
rable Earl Fitzwilliam towards his tenants is dic-
tated by the most enlarged views respecting our
situation, and will, we trust, produce a proper
impression on the country. His Lordship is stat-
ed, at a dinner given by him at Alilton House,
near Peterborogh, to his farmers in that neigh-
bourhood, to have told them, " he was perfectly
satisfied, in his own mind, that the reduced price
of the produce of the land was now perma-
nently established, since sovereigns and shillings
had become the circulating medium; that he was
aware the tenants had embarked capitals on their
farms, for which and their labour it was just and
fair they should be remunerated ; but that he
would guard them against the delusion that the
price of corn would rise; he was fully of opinion
that it could not; it might fluctuate according to
seasons, hut in no material degree; and no altera-
tion
in the Corn Laws could possibly have the
effect of raising its, prices. This being his de-
cided conviction (for it was his belief, that the
average price of Corn, in the years 1792, 4, and
5, would be about the standard at which it
would now keep), he had been induced to lower
his rents, to meet, in some degree, the exigency
of ,the times."--It is accordingly said, that the
reduction made by his Lordship to his tenants
is from 45 to 35 per cent. including 15 per
cent. remitted in 1813. If then prices are
to remain permanent at nearly the average
of the years in question, it becomes of the
most essential importance to approximate our ex-
penditure as much as possible to that of these
years. The grand remedy, therefore, is economy
nd retrenchment. No doubt the national debt
will not allow us to reduce our expenditure
to any thing like that at the commencement
of the war. But every thing else ought to be
pared down to the lowest possible amount.—
Privation follows lavish expenditure and debt
as a matter of course. To use the vulgar adage,
we cannot both have our cake and eat it. But there
is no occasion for adding to the evil by the conti-
nuance of unnecessary profusion. Sinecures out of
number exist in every direction to gall and irritate
the unfortunate husbandman,who sees the holders
of them rioting in the improvement in their
situation, produced by the improved circulation,
while his capital is melting down every day—
Scotland and Ireland, for instance, are perfect
Augean stables—they are lands of jobs ; and it is
to be hoped that the good sense of the country
will not allow it to be turned aside from inquiry
into this corruption, by the hypocritical howling
against blasphemy and irreligion set up by the
licentious crew of Beacons and Bulls, whose
existence is really a satire on the age.