The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-15 00:00:00

RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES.

A Berlin letter in the Post Ampt Gazette of
Frankfort says :
" We are able to mention the principal clauses
of the maritime convention concluded between
Russia and the United States of America on the 23d
of July last. The contracting parties declare in
Article 1 that the following points shall be for them
unvarying principles :-Ist. The flag shall cover the
cargo, with the exception of contraband of war.
2d: The property of neutrals shall be respected,
even in enemies' ships, except as regards contra-
band of war. The contracting parties engage to
extend to the profit of the trade and navigation of
all States the application of these principles which
they agree to in a permanent and invariable man-
ner. In the second article the right is reserved of
ulteriorly extending these principles which are im-
mediately to serve as rules in all wars in which
Russia or the United States may be engaged. In
the third article it is stipulated that the nations
who may adhere by treaty to the principles laid
down in this convention shall enjoy all the rights
The
from it to the present contracting Powers.
-Ehe latter engage to communicate to each other all
the results which may be obtained from the steps
that may be taken on this point. It is finally sti-
pulated in the last article that the treaty shall be
ratified at Washington within one month."
POLAND.

It is confidently reported at Warsaw that the
favourite of the Czar, the Grand Prince Nicolas, is
to be created Viceroy of Poland, with au inde-
pendent Government, under the protection of
Russia. The Prince, a member of :the Greek
Church, will first turn Catholic.

ITALY.
ARREST OF MAZZINI.

The Journal de Geneve, of the 9th, contains the
following
"A letter from Berne, of the 7th, informs us that
Mazzini has been arrested at Basle. He was coming
frum Berne, where he had spent some days in the
house of a patrician, to whom he described himself as
an Italian Count, greatly attached to Austria, and
driven into Switzerland by the fear of the cholera. Ac-
cording to our correspondent, the police has discovered
his residence, and was preparing to apprehend him,
When he absconded, and left for Basle, under a false
name. The Government gave notice to the authorities
of his arrival, and he was arrested on alighting from the
diligence."

A revolutionary protest is being at present ex-
tensively circulated at Turin, and is sent by post to
the journals ; so at least we presume from our own
experience. The object of this protest is to cast a slur
upon the present Government of Switzerland, for
•its prudence in observing a strict neutrality, and in
preventing any revolutionary expeditions from being
prepared in Switzerland against the Italian States.
The arguments are very poor, consisting chiefly
of a recapitulation of the great deeds performed by
Switzerland in the olden time to shake off the yoke
of Italy, and a complaint that she has now forgot-
ten all that glorious history, and become the faith-
ful ally of the Austrian police. Wherefore the
writer protests against what he calls the uncon-
stitutional conduct of Switzerland, and declares
that the Italians will revenge themselves upon
Switzerland on some future day, by exercising the
right of reprisal against the Swiss settled in Italy.
A letter from Naples of the 4th, in the Parla-
ment° of Turin, states that the cholera has sub-
sided in the former city, after carrying off 6,000
Victims. Cardinal Riario has been invested by the
Icing with the Order of St. Januarius for his fearless
conduct during the epidemic ; he used to get up at
five in the morning, and go the round of all the hos-
pitals, comforting the sick, and performing the duties
of ieligion wherever required. To relieve the most
pressing cases of destitution the good prelate raised
money upon his plate and upon his estates, without
the slightest ostentation.
The Parlamento of Turin quotes advices from
Rome of the Ist., announcing that the cholera had
made much progress there, and that the Chevalier
Pistrucci a well-known artist, and superintendent
of the Museum of the Vatican, had died of the
disorder.