The Sun.
London, England, 1853-03-21 00:00:00

TURKEY.

Accounts from Constantinople to the sth by way
of Marseilles, and to the Bth by way of Vienna,
have arrived. They dwell principally on the mis-
sion of the Russian Minister of Marine, General
Prince Menschikoff, and are of considerable interest
and importance. The object of the General appears
to have been to show more hauteur to the Turkish
Government, and in a more public manner, than
Count de Leiningen, the Austrian Envoy, dis-
played. Before embarking at Odessa, he passed a
review of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea, and
of the corps of disembarkation which Russia has
kept on a war footing in the port of Sebastopol
since 1833. Twenty-seven vessels of war—ships
of the line, frigates, or large steamers—and 30,000
soldiers, were assembled on this occasion ; and the
greatest eclat possible was given to the review
with, it is supposed, the view of causing it to
be known at Constantinople. The General
then proceeded to Constantinople on board the
Russian war-steamer the Foudroyant, and ar-
rived in that city on the 28th February. He
was accompanied by Count Dimitri Nesselrode
as secretary, by two generals, one of them General
Nipocatscinski, commander-in-chief of the sth
corps d'armee, by two admirals, one of them Vice-
Admiral Corn 1011, commanding the naval forces in
the Black Sea, by two colonels and two lieutenant-
colonels as aides-chi-camp, and five captains as
orderly officers. Since the celebrated embassy of
Koutousoff at the end of the last century, no mis-
sion of the kind has been seen at Constantinople.
Prince Menschikoff and his suite were received, on
disembarking at Topkhane, by all the employes of
the Russian Embassy, and by between 6,000 and
8,000 Russian subjects or members of the Greek
religion ; and he was escorted by them with great
pomp to his hotel. On the 2d March, the Prince
went to the Porte to pay a visit to the Grand.
Vizier ; but, contrary to all usages, he did not ap-
pear in the uniform of his grade, but in plain clothes.
What took place in the interview is not precisely
known ; but what is certain is, that when on taking
his leave the Grand Vizier invited him, in conformity
with the diplomatic usage at Constantinople, to pay a
visit to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Fuad Effendi,
who was waiting to receive him, he replied in a -Very
loud and very disdainful tone, and before several
witnesses, that he would not see that minister, as
his Government, and especially its accredited mi-
nister at Constantinople, M. Ozeroff, had to re-
proach him with several breaches of faith. In con-
sequence of this Fuad Effendi gave in his resignation.
It is said in one of the letters from Constantinople
that the demands made by Prince Menschikoff, on
the Grand Vizier, and supported by this demon-
stration, were not less offensive to the Porte than
the remarks on one of its ministers. It was said
amongst other things (but this statement must be
received with doubt) that the Prince demanded, in
the name of his Government, that the Emperor of
Russia should henceforth be officially recognised as
the protector of the GreekCfrrissteimanes,eseunbtjuerictess of
Turkey, as
the Catholics in the L
France
has been
Levant ;and that the election
c
of the Patriarch of Constantinople enshouledd hence-
forth be be made by the Greeks, andwEmperorho atpresent
nomination t h e
aSultan,nd
Russia,
to the
therih
Effendi was replaced (as alr
investiture. The day after teahid'sym.
atnnereviuneweedF)ubady
_
Rifaat Pacha, who had been nommatedeafmthe bassador
at Vienna, and who is considered one chiefs
of what is called the Austrian PAY at Consta..nti-
nople. The ministers held a council the same day,
and put themselves in communication with the
foreign diplomatic body. On the 4th March, either
on the' solicitation of the Divan, or spontaneously,
the English charge d'affaires, Colonel Rose,
accord-
ing to another Vetter from Constantinople, proposed
to send a steamer to Admiral Dundas, commanding
the English fleet in the Mediterranean, who was
then at Malta, inviting him to approach the Dar-
danelles with his fleet. The proposition was, it is
said, at first accepted ; but on the 6th it seemed to
be set aside. On the Bth; however the English
vessel the Wasp was sent off to Malta with a letter
from Colonel Rose for Admiral Dundas, and with
flbeeetfoerfwAnardmiraied to
DLunonddasoneovnts Mar-
seilles.of
six dispatches
The
hteo
six men-of-war and a dozen frigates and smaller
vessels; but if circumstances should require,it can
easily be doubled.
_

TAhleetatvfarlomofCtohnse tßanutsisinaonplesroefcitahle sthbassasay
sdo:7,
Prince Mentschikoff, has excited eaatm
sen tion
here, and he is said to be the bearer of ultima-
tum'fromom the Emperor of Russia, which will admit
of no modification. He is accompanied by the
General-in-Chief of the Russian army in Bessarabia,
a and the admiral commanding the Russian fleet t
Sebastopol, who are placed under his orders, and
will, in the event of the Porte refusing to
comply-
with the demands of Russia, return to their
posts
and commence operations. What these demands
are has not transpired officially. Report says that
the Emperor of Russia insists, among other things;
on a revision of the decision relative to the Holy
Places, on the cession of a tract of territory of 134
square miles near Ararat, and the recognition of the
independence of the Montenegrins."
A Belgian paper publishes a telegraphic dispatch
from Marseilles, dated Thursday evening, to the
following effect :
" The English steamer Caradoc has just arrived from
Constantinople. It brings the intelligence that Prince
Menschikoff does not regard as sufficient satisfaction the
dismissal of the Turkish Minister of War. He has pre-
sented an ultimatum, which the Divan has refused. The
Sultan has invoked the immediate help of France and
England. The fleet of Sebastopol was ready to start for
the Boiphorus."
The Patric of Paris, says :—cc report was
spread to-day at the Bourse that the English fleet
was at the mouth of the Dardanelles. This news
is false. We think we can affirm that if the Eng-

lish squadron of evolutions should quit Malta,
where it now is, it will only be to return to the
lonian Islands." ,
The Moniteur, of Paris, announces that the
French squadron now at Toulon has received
orders to leave that port and proceed to the Greek
waters. The arrangements for the establishment
of a new Bank at Constantinople were proceeding
very satisfactorily. Ten of the principal bankers
and merchants of the city—eight of them Arme-
nians, and two Europeans—are to be the founders
of the bank. These gentlemen are MM. Miran
and Boghos Duz, Abraham Alaverdi, Ovanes
Tinghir, Bedros Yaglisian, Diran, Psichari, J. B.
Belisigdji, David Glavany, and Hanson. They
have adopted a scheme drawn up by a Mr. Stanley,
representative of some important London houses.
It was said that a Frenchman, M. Trouve-Chauvel,
at one time Minister of Finance under the Provi-
sional Government, was to be at the head of the
bank ; but it appears that he had only been con-
sulted about it. The capital necessary for the
operations of the bank is to consist of five-tenths
supplied by the founders, two-tenths by the Go-
vernment, and the remaining three by means
of shares. The principal object of the institution
is to restore public credit, by replacing, within a
given period, all the bad money which has only a
nominal value by good, and by reimbursing at par
and on demand the paper-money of the Govern-
ment, which is to continue in circulation. The
agio on exchanges arising from the difference be-
tween good and bad money will cease to exist when
the latter shall be no longer in circulation, and the
Government will thus economise the enormous sac-
rifices which it has had to submit to of late years,
in order to maintain the exchange at a reasonable
rate, and which have been the principal cause of its
pecuniary embarrassments. The bank will have its
paper accepted by the first houses of London, Paris,
and Vienna ; and to facilitate transactions, it will
issue a certain amount of notes payable to bearer.
The bye-laws drawn up by the founders have to be
submitted to the Government before they can be
published. They propose, amongst other things, to
subject its operations to the surveillance of a com-
mission nominated by the Porte, and to publish
an account of them annually.—The Sultan has
granted a large piece of ground for a cemetery for
Christians of all communions, and it was said that
he would even, pay the expense of building a wall
around it.

St.
St.
St..
St.

The Moniteur of yesterday confirms the report
that the French fleet is about to sail for the Levant.

It is said the instructions given to the admiral are
that he is to cruize off the coast of Asia Minor, and
not to approach near to the Dardanelles without
further orders. As regards the settlement of the
question between Turkey and Russia,. it is very
doubtful if the orders given to the two fleets will
have much influence. The belief of the French
Government is that the whole question _will have
been settled before the Porte can be aware of the
approaches of these forces. It is said Russia de-
mands that' the Emperor shall be acknowledged
head of all the Christian population in the Turkish
dominions, or, in other words, of nearly one half of
the population of Turkey in Europe. She
demands, - moreover, that the Greei Patriarch
at Constantinople shall, after being elected by
the faithful, be confirmed by the Emperor of
Russia as head of the Greek Church ; and lastly,
that the protectorate of the Holy Places shall be
conceded to Russia, to the full extent of her de-
mands. It is evident that if these concessions be
made, the power of the Sultan over the Christian
population will henceforth be little more than
nominal. The Czar will be the actual sovereign of
Turkey in Europe. A few years since any; one
who would have ventured to predict that England
and France would allow such terms to be forced
upon Turkey would have been laughed at • but
the opinion here certainly is that they will not
only be conceded, but that, on the part of France
at least, there will hardly be a remonstrance on
the subject.
The accounts received in Paris yesterday did
not add much to the information on the affairs
of the East. The organs of the French Govern-
ment persist in saying that Colonel Rose sent
for the English fleet spontaneously, and not at
the solicitation of the Turkish Government. The
only object of the papers which make this as-
sertion seems to be to save the amour prOpre
of France. If Turkey appealed to the protection
of England alone, and demanded the presence
of her fleet, why should France send her fleet
without any such solicitation ? This question
being rather an awkward one, the French Minis-
terial journals find no better means of getting over
the difficulty than by saying that both fleets are
sent without any solicitation on the part of the
Turk. The following article from the Pays of yes-
terday, though written with great care, is entirely
in that sense :

St.
St.
St.
St.

" In accepting, in its textual terms and as completely
true, the dispatch which has caused so much excitement,
it would only state one thing—that the English fleet, at
the solicitation of the Turkish Government, would draw
near the spot where more or less important diplomatic
questions were about to be agitated, and that, instead of
remaining at Malta, it would anchor in the waters of the
Archipelago. A fact of great' importance in our eyes
Would result from this ; it is the accord which would
thus exist between England and Turkey. The Turkish
Ministry would in a measure have placed itself under
the protection of British diplomacy, and that protection
would not have been refused to it. Certain persons find
threatening eventualities in this fact; we, on the con-
trary, see in it the most serious guarantees for the main-
tenance of peace, and of a conciliatory solution. If
Turkey were isolated, or abandoned, without strength,
and without counterpoise to all the greedy ambi-
tions which agitate around her—if no one took up her
defence, and if no power protected her rights—then there
might be perhaps reason to fear violent enterprises,
which might in a moment compromise the balance of
power in Europe. But such is not the case. Turkey
is, besides, more vig•rously organised than is generally
stated, and the new effort which she has just made to
reconstitute a rev bank on solid bases, proves that her
financial resources are in a better state than has been

pretended. The support which she appears to find inn
British intervention is a powerful counterpoise to the
force which acts on her or the other side. England
wishes for peace, and it is evident to every impartial
mind that it is only by diplomatic means that all the dif-

ficulties will be solved. - Besides, it is not yet clear to
any one what is the real character of the difficulpies,
and the positive object of the mission of General

Mentschikoff. Doubtless, the high rank of this pleni-
potentiary, the considerable personnel of his legation,
and the hauteur with which he is said to have carried
himself towards certain members of the Turkish Go-
vernment—his ostentatious review of the Russian fleet
in the Black Sea, Lefore his departure from Odessa-all
announce that Russia attaches great importance to the
success of this mission. We repeat that we are ignorant
of tho character of the instructions of the Russian p).eni-
potentiary, but we do not think that the present diffi-
culty exceeds the limits of a question of influence and. of
protectorate over certain of the inhabitants of Turkey.
Austria has, it is said, obtained by the mission 'of Count
de Leiningen certain advantages which, it cannot be dis-
sembled, increase her authority in the eyes of the Oa-
bitants of Bosnia, Montenegro, and the Herzegollne.
Russia will not remain in.the background. She hppes
to obtain in her turn some new concessions of a nature
to increase her moral influence in the Ottoman Empire.
We are convinced that in spite of the pompous appear-
ance of the mission of General Mentschikoff, it does not
bear on any territorial question of a nature to give rise
to any threatening casus belli. Russia knows as well
as the other Powers interested that the dismember-
ment of Turkey would compel a remodelling ofl the
chart of the balance of power in Europe in the midst of
perils and commotions ; and not more than the other
great states is she disposed to stake the peace of the
world and the future state of society in this terrible
game. The policy of Russia in this respect is well knrin.
That vague hopes in the future may excite her ambi ion,
and point out Constantinople as the definitive object of
her dreams, may be conceived ; but it would be madness
to suppose that she can think that the moment is now
arrived to attempt such a decisive blow. The queEition
of the East will be once wore settled by the habitual
prudence and skill of negotiators. The attitude which
has been already assumed by England is a guarantee for
it. In order to make the question assume any more
formidable appearance, one of the Powers interested
territory,
r yt
tmhuesitt dteagvnitytoanvdioloaetoetvaaliptayrtofowf
htiheeh
aOttoman p
Who will. have the courage to attempt
o
Europan
Peace'
Is it, that Russia is on the poilit of
of those skilful financiers who so
Not a statesman, nor one
f h htl
example o a t oug ess panic, eau
taking Constantinople? Is England about to invade Egypt!
imprudently set an
such an aggress
Let us th_en reduce this agitating
question to its real proportions.
can
believenonvs übcehe
confined
fit hn
demands ofa secondary nature; they
The pretensions of Russia
dismemberment and the partitioh of
cannot imply the
h is said to have
sought es,
and, if we may believe the
andsupport in the
negotiations a
sought from England a counterpoise Turkey. They have, however, agitated the Ottoman Divan,
1 De
dgt.
negotiations which are about to be
diplomacy, with its habitual prudence, is
opened
tEonghlaisvhe
thought that the proximity of the,British fleet would
reteoe.
h
give more weight to its interventimeweSen
facts, looked at coolly and truly. B p
sion of Rusaia and the protection of England, what ought
to be the conduct of France ? That is what we shall
riuctilheaet
have to judge of. At the present time, however, there
is nothing more than a diplomatic difficulty, which will
be settled by these pacific means which modern Govern-
ments have for the last thirty years put in practice when-
ever a cloud has made its appearance on the horizon of
European diplomacy."

A CHILD ATTACKED BY A GAME COCK. —OH the
morning of Sunday last a little boy, four or five years of
age, was attacked by a game cock belonging to Mr.
Daykin, of the Turf Tavern, in St. James's-street. The
child fell on his back and was defending himself with
his feet as well as he could, whilst the infuriated bird
was making vigorous attacks on his face. Some passers-
by happily drove the bird away, or the consequences
might have been most serious. As it was, the child was
bleeding profusely .from the nose and mouth, and, but
for the timely assistance afforded, might probably have
lost both his eyes, as the attack of the cock was always
directed at the face.—Doncaster Chronicle. ,

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