The Sun.
London, England, 1853-12-03 00:00:00

THE sVN LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 3, 1853,

importance, are " straining, like bloodhounds in
the slip," yearning for the close of this prolonged
uncertainty. Each and all prepared for the
chances of the inevitable emergency. Montene
gro, for example, is prepared at the earliest oppor-
tunity to satisfy its deadly animosity against the
Mussulmen. Croatia is prepared—to take any side!
Servia is prepared—to hesitate ! From the highest
to the lowest, all the various Powers of Christen-
dom are thus at this moment in a state of active

preparation.
And the signal has at last been given which is
to consummate the whole of the energy and of the
design of these wide-spread and protracted pre-
parations. The signal has been given by the
Russian AUTOCRAT. It is comprised in one word
--War. Literally, the latest intelligence received
is to that effect. The CZAR has declared in lan-
guage than which none could by possibility be
more clear and explicit that henceforth England
and France, and the rest of the Powers of Europe,
must know that, in regard to the Eastern Ques-
tion, Russia 'will listen to no farther negotiations.
For the earliest glimpse of this important in-
formation, the public are indebted to the promp-
titude, energy, and sagacity of the Press, the
youngest but one of the ablest of our weekly con-
temporaries. The Note in which, according to
the Press of this morning, this resolve on the
part of the Emperor NICHOLAS is announced to the
Cabinets of St. James's and the Tuileries, inti-
mates yet more, that the attitude assumed
by Russia is assumed by her definitively and
unmistakeably, and that that attitude is an atti-
tude of war, and of a war not only defensive, but
offensive. It is—and we refer to everything we
have said upon this momentous subject of dispute,
from February to December, in testimony of the
truth of our assertion—it is precisely what we
have all along anticipated. "To this complexion"
we have declared from the outset it would come
at last. We predicted that diplomacy would
fail in smoothing away the difficulties of the
quarrel between the SULTAN and the AUTO-
CRAT. And has it not failed ? Answer this
every successive effort from those made by the
Vienna Conference downwards ! We prophesied
that sooner or later war would prove to be altoge-
ther unavoidable. And has it not proved so ?
Answer this the memorable incidents of Novem-
ber ! The passage of the Turkish army at three
points across the Danube into Wallachia. The two
brilliant victories achieved by the soldiers of Oatna
PA CHA at Oltenitza. And now, this formal intima-
tion made by the Emperor NICHOLAS to the French
and English Governments—that the part of Russia
is taken, and that that part is War—an end
being put to the possibility of any further
negotiations. Now, therefore, the die being
cast, the signal being given and given
too by the CZAR - War it must be, and
a war not restricted to Moldo-Wallachia, but
extending more and more widely, like the spread
of wildfire, among the inflammable passions of
the different races of the European Conti-
nent. Upon the heads of those who have
brought about this most perilous consummation
will descend the curse of its remembrance. Never-
theless, it is consolatory to reflect upon the good
that may be born even out of the approaching ca-
lamities. Hungary and Poland, and the oppressed
provinces around the Euxine, may at last effect
their liberation in the midst of the agonies of the
political chaos now fast approaching.

THE EASTERN QUESTION.

FORMAL AND ABSOLUTE CONCLUSION

OF ALL NEGOTIATIONS 1
(From the Press.)

We have authority to state, that the Court of
St. Petersburgh has addressed a brief and conclu-
sive note to the Governments of England and
France, announcing that no further negotiations,
with respect to the affairs of the East, will be
listened to—that the part of Russia is definitively
taken—and that that part is " la guerre."

The trial of the copper-plate printers for un.
lawfully conspiring together, to procure the dis-
missal of a fellow-workmati from his employment,
took place on Wednesday at the Central Criminal
Court, and terminated in a verdict of acquittal of
all the traversers. This result was in consequence
of an opinion expressed by the Learned Judge who
presided during the investigation, to the effect that
the charge had altogether failed, on which the
case was stopped and no further evidence offered.
As erroneous inferences may, however, be drawn
from what has taken place, and as misguided in-
dividuals who endeavour to coerce their employers
and fellow-workmen, and to enforce regulations
not sanctioned or recognised by law, may suppose
that such proceedings were legitimate, it is well
to explain the grounds of the above decision, and
to point out clearly and distinctly the dangers
that may follow a continuance in such courses.
The facts of the case have been so recently
before the public, that it will only be necessary to
refer very briefly thereto. It appeared that some
time since, the hands in the employment of Mr.
TALUS, the eminent copper-plate printer and pub-
lisher, had struck work in consequence of some
disagreement, chiefly arising, we believe, from the
number of apprentices taken by that gentleman,
which were greater than the trade societies sanc-
tioned. During the continuance of the " diffi-
culty" the prosecutor and some other hands had
been taken on. He was, however, discharged
when work became slack, and applied to Mr.
JONES, the foreman to Mr. JACKSON, who was in
the same business, and by whom be was at once
e gaged. Shortly afterwards, the prisoners—all
of whom were working for Mr. JACKSON—heId a
meeting in the corner of the workshop, from which
he was excluded. This meeting was, in the trade
parlance, denominated " a chapel." A second
" chapel" was held in the course of the same day,
from which he was also excluded. From these
circumstances the prosecutor naturally conceived
that the proceedings must have iu some way re-
lated to him, and he accordingly made inquiries
from one of the defendants, FRANCIS FRIEND, who
had presided on both occasions, acting as " father
of the chapel." FRANCIS FRIEND at once replied
to the interrogatories of the prosecutor, that the
meetings had reference to him, in consequence of
his l i
day,aving when receivingworkedat
Mr.TALLIeS. On the fol-
lowing his wages, Mr. JONES,
the foreman, informed him that he would not be em-
ployed any longer, and on asking the reason he
was referred to FRANCIS FRIEND, the father of
the chapel, for an answer. He went at once to
FRIEND, who at first gave an evasive answer,
stating that "he had forgotten the reason at the
application,
~
t 1,1 e iorw reason
soeirl ,
moment, but would tell him in the course of r
g that
to-
morrow."
explicit,
On secondde
a m
he
7:je 811, mothe
re
eted to his remaining in the service was
that he had worked at Mr. TALLIS'S, which was a
house they disacknowledged, and that he also be-
longed to a Society which they disacknow/edged."
The prosecutor thereupon caused the parties to be
summoned before a Magistrate, who justly con-
sidered the matter of such importance as to de-
mand the most stringent and searching investiga.

tion.
Mr. JONES, the foreman, yielded on the first
intimation of the feeling of the workmen. H e
was manifestly prepared to understand the slight-
est hint. Without an effort, then, to change the
too palpable feeling of the men—without even a
remonstrance to induce them to reconsider the
case, he cast off poor SPENCE, declining to give
him any further work. On the trial, he
declared that his " reason for so doing was that
he knew SPENCE had got a job at another office,
and that his services were required there ; and
also that from the feeling evinced by his own com-
panions not to associate with the prosecutor, and
that they would have sent him to Coventry, he
would have been made very uncomfortable in his
situation, and that, therefore, it was better for his
own sake that he should not remain in the ser-
vice." It was at this point of the case that Baron
AlopPitsow interfered. The Learned Judge state a
that "if it had been proved that when defendants
held their meeting
they came to a determination
not to allow the prosecutor to work in the office,
he was not prepared to say that it would not have
been a criminal offence.,
[We believe, with all
deference to the Learned Baron, that, according to
the whole current of
authorities, there could have

been no possible doubt on the subject.] He added, LATEST FOREIGN NEWS
however, that " there was no evidence that this
was so, and they had no right to conjecture it.
For anything that appeared to the contrary, the
prosecutor might have been personally disagreeable
to his fellow-workmen, and therefore they refused
to associate with him, and as this was no offence .
the defendants were entitled to an acquittal." Now,
with the greatest possible respect for the Learned
Judge, we cannot help thinking that the facts of
the case should have gone to the Jury, and that
their opinion should have been taken thereon.
We have always heard it unequivocally laid down
that circumstantial evidence is frequently even
more satisfactory than direct testimony ; and
surely there could have been no second opinion
as to what had taken place. Here were two
meetings of the men, from which the prosecutor
was excluded. He was then informed that the
meetings referred to him, and to his having
worked for Mr. TALLIS. He was then refused
further work, and referred to FRANCIS FRIEND for
the reason, by whom he was informed, on inquiry,
that the men refused to work with him because ho
had worked for Mr. TALLts, and belonged to a
third society. How, then, could there be any
question that undue influence was brought into
operation on Mr. JONES, the foreman, who so
readily submitted to the implied dictation ?
How could there be any doubt that the defen-
dants had confederated together for the purpose
of procuring the dismissal of the prosecutor from
his employment ? We believe that there was
sufficient legal evidence to satisfy a disinterested
and unprejudiced jury ; at all events there
could be no moral doubt on the point.
The object, however, will be fully accomplished,
if not only the defendants but the members of
the different trade societies attend to the admoni-
tion that fell from the Learned Judge, who de-
clared that "the offence imputed to the defendants
was a very dangerous one, and that he trusted they
would never attempt to commit such a breach of
the law." And also, when their counsel declared
that all they wished to be understood was that
they did not desire to associate with the prosecu-
tor, that "it would have been better that they
had said so separately, and not have met together
and agreed to such a resolution."
These circumstances show how great a risk was
incurred by those men, who might have had to un-
dergo a severe punishment for the injuryinflicted on
an innocent person. As it is, however, we trust
that the lesson may be productive of useful re-
sults, and that henceforward no persons will
transgress the limits of the stringent but salutary
law, or endeavour illegally to coerce those with
whom they may chance to be associated. They
are now fully cautioned, and will only have them-
selves to blame for any unpleasant consequences
that may follow such proceedings.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.
By electric telegraph from Vienna up to UR,
28th ult., we learn from letters received in that
city from Bucharest, that large masses of Russian
troops were expected, and that the military prepa-
rations decreed by Prince Gortschakoff were being

executed on a large scale. The Russian army was
expected to be soon in a condition to take the

offensive.

The Turkish Government has issued a strict
prohibition against the granting of letters of marque.
A British steamer has arrived at Varna to take
off the British Consul to Constantinople.

By electric telegraph, dated yesterday, at noon,
from Vienna, we have letters from Widdin and
Kalafat up to the 30th ult. They state that 100
guns are planted on the ramparts at Kalafat. This
explains the return of a great portion of the Turk-
ish forces to Widdin for better quarters. 8,000
men are left at Kalafat, thus strongly fortified, that
number being sufficient for its defence.
Severe cold in Asia has been injurious to the
troops. Many cases of death and sickness have
occurred.

The Russians were still on the Danube and. at
Krajowa on the 30th.

From Orsova, under date of Nov. 28th, we learn
that an ordinance has been published, prohibiting
the exportatian of arms from Austria to Turkey.
The Austrian Correspondent denies the recall of
Baron Bruck, and the Prussian Correspondence
that of M. Wildenbruck.

Amongst the prisoners made by the Turks at
Chekvetil is the Russian Prince Malakia.

learned from the fact of the Consulates having been
lissolved, and the Jassy Consul appointed Adlatus

to the new President.
Lord Stratford de Redeliffc has returned to Pera.
The note which was concerted by the French and
Cabinets chumerates three very essential
points, namely, the evacuation of the principalities,
the guarantee of the four Powers against the
intererence of Russia in the interior concerns
of the Turkish Empire, and the Turkish view
of the protectorate, Up to the present time it
has not been accepted—at any rate not uncondi-
tionally. We must now look to St. Petersburg for
peace or war—not to Constantinople—as it will
mainly depend on the Czar. No very sanguine
hopes are to be placed on his giving way. After
the late affairs on the Danube and in Asia, the

military honour of the Russian army has become
engaged in the struggle, and the Emperor will not
onclude' peace with his army unavenged for its

The Turkish war-steamer Chehper, on the 6th
of this month, was on its way to Batoum, towing a
brig laden with horses and ammunition. She came
in a with a ,Russian squadron, composed of two
men-of-war, three frigates, a corvette, and one
steamer. The captain of the Chehper, seeing his
danger, cut the cable that attached the brig to the
steamer. He was chased by the Russian steamer,
and fired at for some time, but escaped unhurt.
This occurred in the waters of Sinope, and, odd to
relate, the transport gained that port in safety.
The following telegraphic despatch from Bucha-
rest, of the 29th ult., reached Paris yesterday :
" The Russian war-steamer Wladimir has re-
turned to Sebastopol from a cruise in the Black
Sea. She brought in a Turkish vessel with a
cargo of pepper and the Egyptian war-steamer of
10 guns. This last-named vessel was captured after
a spirited engagement. The Russians had two men
killed and two wounded."
Private letters from Constantinople, via Vienna,
dated the 19th ult., make particular mention
of the question of a Congress. The writer of
the letter is in a position to be well informed
as to the opinions of some influential members
of the Turkish Cabinet. He states that the
idea of a Congress is not at all so unfavourably re-
ceived by them as may be supposed, and that it is
not imp' obable that some such plan will be adopted
for the settlement of the quarrel. As suggested
to the Porte, the plan is, a Congress without any
place as yet fixed for its deliberations. Turkey
and Russia to be invited to send representatives,
and the basis of the negotiations to be the Vienna
Note, with the modifications and additions of Red-
schid Pasha. There is reason to believe that the
French Government has received information to
the same effect either from Vienna or Constan-
tinople, and in neither communication, it is
said (certainly not in the private one), is it stated
that the Porte has shown much disinclination to
take the matter into consideration. The Porte,
however, is not the only party to be consulted, and
we have no information as to the opinion of Russia
on it. For Russia to accept would be to avow her
defeat. If the plan has been, as is stated in the let-
ter just mentioned, really taken into consideration,
it would go far to explain the withdrawal behind
the Danube of Omer Pasha, and the present com-
parative inactivity of the Turkish army.
A private letter from Constantinople, of the
20th, announces that the English, French, Turk-
ish, and Egyptian fleets were then all in the Bos-
phorus. The Turkish squadron which had re-
turned from the Black Sea was not again to sail.
Some single ships were in the Black Sea, but it is
stated that the Divan had determined that none
but divisions of three or four ships-of-war should
be sant-to sea so as that they might safely contend
with the Russian war steamers, which were cruising
in various directions.
The Russian journal Satellite announces that the
preparations for war are carried on so actively, that
the army under the command of Prince Gortscha-
koff may in three or four weeks resume the offen-
sive with effect. Omer Pasha, according to letters
received through Germany, has erected such fortifi-
cations on the banks of the Danube as to render it
excessively difficult for the Russians to cross the

river.
News from Constantinople, up to the 17th ult.,
state that General Baraguay d'Hilliers arrived
there by the French steamer Promethee, on the
15th. He came on shore that day, but returned
on board in the afternoon. He made his public
entry yesterday. The general landed, accompanied
by his staff, composed of five officers, who had
come with him from Paris. The ambassador of
France was dressed in plain clothes, and walked
from the landing-place up Galata-hill to the palace
f the French embassy, which is situated in the
centre of the main street of Pera. General Bara-
guay d'Hilliers is a fine tall old man. He has lost
one arm in action. From thirty to forty French
officers belonging to the fleet met him, and joined
the cortege. All the French subjects resident here,
and i he persons enjoying the protection of the
French Government, also went to meet him,
and followed him up to Pera. He entered the
French embassy amidst the salutes of artillery.
The gallant General, before separating, briefly ad-
dressed those who had attended hinit'to the Em-
bassy. His speech was evidently intended to pro-
duce greater confidence in the success of pacific
negotiations, even at this the eleventh hour.
" Sly master, your Emperor and mine, wishes,"
said he, " for a peaceful solution to the existing
strife, believing that such a termination is calcu-
lated to advance the interests of commerce, civili-
sation, and France." The gallant General con-
cluded with the following significant words, " Mon
Empereur vent la paix." M. de la Cour will leave
next Saturday.
The fact of the new representative of France be-
ing a military man, and the suddenness of the
change, have created much astonishment, and,
as may be easily imagined, various conjectures.
If credit may be given to a Stockholm paper,
Russia is also preparing for war in the west. Revel
and Riga have received 12,000 men belonging to the
Grenadier corps. The number of troops in Fin-
land, which is usually 12,030, has been reinforced
by 16,000 men. 10,000 sailors, with 9 ships of the
line, have been sent to Helsingfors, in order that
they may be able to get to sea earlier in the spring
than they could do from Cronstadt, which is al-
ways blocked up with ice until the season is far
advanced.
The Press 6 has received a, letter of the 17th from
Constantinople, which contains the following para-
graph :—" Namik Pasha was the bearer of a treaty
entered into between the Porte, France, and Eng-
land. The former pledges itself to provide all the
necessaries for the French and English auxiliaries,
and offers a guarantee for the expenses of 20,000
French and half that number of English soldiers
during 6 months in certain datricts in Asia and in
the Archipelago."
Private intelligence has reached the Wanderer
that the state of public feeling in the Danubian
Principalities is anything but favourable to Russia.
It is an indisputable fact, that the relations between
the Boyards and their peasantry are anything but
satisfactory, but still both parties are equally
anxious for the maintenance of the independence
of their native country. The Russian military
Government is so well aware of the sentiments of
their so-called proteges, that the state of siege
is upheld with ruthless severity. All unfavour-
able reports of what occurs at the seat of war are
prohibited under pain of death, " and a person who
spoke disadvantageously of the Russian army is
said to have been shot." The professors of the
gymnasium at Bucharest have been informed
that if the students indulge in any expression of
political opinion, the institution will immediately
be closed. The Wallachian and Moldavian news-
papers are placed under Russian censure. The
precautions taken by the Russians to prevent all
untimely discovery of their mishaps are such,
that the guard or conductor of a private dili-
gence between Bucharest and Oltenitza was
obliged solemnly to swear not to speak to any
one of what might happen at the seat of war.
The unfortunate Wallachians have suffered so
much from repeated invasions that they have
lost all courage, and therefore it is not to be
expected that they will exert themselves to throw
off the yoke which is literally crushing them.
The Russian manifesto was read in all the churches
in the Principalities during the Litany, between
the Mass and the Lord's Prayer. The usual prayer
in behalf of the reigning Princes was omitted, and
la supplication for the extirpation of the infidel was
substituted. Baron Budberg, who is to be the
future President of the Administration, is daily
expected at Bucharest. The real intentions of the
Russians in respect to the Principalities may be

was defended by some 2,000 Russians. The Rus-
sian sentries were only three or four miles distant
from the camp of Selira Paella. The Churds
had already exchanged shots ~ itli the Russians.
They killed 17 Russians, and their heads were put
on spikes, and presented to the govertor of Bayazed
(Edlieni Pacha). The camp of Selim Pacha was situ-
ated in a great plain at an hour's distance from
Bayazed. The Russian commander of Erivan, ou
the plea of a convention, claimed the necessary
help of the Persian authorities of the frontiers,
which it was impossible for him to get from his own
Government at that time. The officers of the
Shah, however, refused.

late ill success.
A letter from Vienna says :—" A telegraphic
despatch from Czernowice of the 26th ult. states
that the Russian corps d'armee of General Osten
Sacken was proceeding by forced marches towards
the Danubian Principalities, and that in Bessarabia
all sorts of supplies had been provided for them.
A letter from Adrianople announces that prepara-
tions are already being made at that place for the
,establishment of a crimp to be formed in the spring.
This letter adds that the Sultan is to arrive at the
end of the month of February."
The Post Ampt Gazette of Frankfort contains a
letter from Vienna of the 27th ult., which says :
" Despatches have been sent to I. de Bruck at
Constantinople relative-to the-attitude of Servia in
the Russo-Turkish quarrel. Our Cabinet supports
the declaration of neutrality of Servia. The Otto-
man Porte, on the contrary, persists in not recog-
nising it ; and has already announced to the Ser-
vian Government that, if necessary, it would use
its sovereign right, and march troops through Ser-
via. It is in the interest of our Government that
neither Servia nor Bosnia should take part in any
military operations. Prince Stirbey has had on
that point conferences with the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, and M. de Bruck has received instructions.
Another difficulty has been decided in a satisfac-
tory manner—namely, that which relates to the
political refugees. It is positively asserted that the
Porte has pledged itself in writing not to employ
political refugees on the theatre of war in Europe."
The same journal, under date of Vienna, 28th
ult., says :—" The day before yesterday despatches
were received from St. Petersburgh, which were
communicated to the Minister of Foreign Affairs
by M. de Meyendorff. Although their contents
have not transpired, it is nevertheless known that
the Court of Russia manifests very conciliatory
feelings. An English steamer has arrived at
Varna, but only to take on board the English
Consul and convey him to Constantinople. No
accounts have yet been received of the result of the
negotiations opened between Fuad Effendi and M.
de Kotzebue ' • there is, however, no doubt that an
armistice will be concluded, as both the belligerent
parties must desire a suspension of hostilities dur-
ing the bad weather."
The Cronstadt Gazette of the 22d gives accounts
from Bucharest to the 20th ult. Bucharest, it
says, was tranquil, and for some days the cannonade
had ceased to be heard. Prince Gortschakoff had
interdicted any communication being kept up with
the localities in which Turkish troops were to be
found. On the 19th, it was still unknown whether
the Turks had evacuated all the points on the left
bank of the Danube except Kalafat. A large body
of Russian troops was expected at Bucharest.
The Satellite of Cronstadt of the 21st ult. says :
" The preparations now being made by the Russian
army are on a grand scale. In three or four weeks
the Russian army will be able to assume the offen-
sive with a good chance of success. It is thought
that the Turks will attempt the passage of the
Danube between Widdin and Florentina, and that
is the reason why the Russians have concentrated
near Giurgevo a moveable column of 10,000 men.
The corps-d'armee of Bucharest is ready to put it-
self in motion."
It is said that a serious conflict has taken place
between the Servians and Turks near Ushitza, on
the Bosno-Servian frontier. The Turks were re-
pulsed. The loss on both sides was estimated at
500 men.
The Patric says, with respect to this, that from
the last accounts received, it had no doubt the
statement is unfounded.
The same journal also says :—" The last accounts
from the Danube announce that a body of Cossacks,
having passed the river during the night above
Turtukai for a reconnoissance, had been surprised
by the Turks, and entirely destroyed."
A financial agent of the Sultan, it is said, has
arrived in Paris for the purpose of contracting a
loan for the Turkish Government.
The Pays, in allusion to the mission, enters at
some lengtk into the question of the confidence
which may be placed by capitalists in an operation
of this description, and, on the whole, appear
favourable to it. The Turks have a high reputa-
tion for probity—money matters and natural re-
sources which, if peace be restored to them, may
be very productive. It is, therefore, to be in-
ferred that Turkey will find in England and France
ready co-operation to raise the pecuniary aid she
requires for the maintenance of her nationality.
From Vienna, under date of the 26th ult., we
learn that advices had been received from Con-
stantinople up to the 16th ult., which state that
the Sultan was very much startled at the reply
of the Prince of Servia to his summons that he
should declare what line of policy he proposed
adopting in the Russo-Turco quarrel. The Prince's
answer had been a solemn declaration that he pro-
posed observing a strictly neutral part, and could
neither declare for the cause of the Sultan nor
for that of the Czar. He would maintain his neu-
trality, he said, with all the means at his com-
mand. The Sultan, indignant at this declaration,
is stated to have approved of the advice of Reschid
Pacha to employ coercive measures to compel the
Prince of Servia to abandon his position of neutra-
lity. Hence a corps of 10,000 men has been
ordered to march out of Bulgaria, through the
Servian territory, ostensibly against Montenegro ;
whilst out of Bosnia also a similar number of
troops will march through Servia, apparently to
join the army which is now operating on the
Danube. It is also said that a difference or mis-
understanding has arisen between Reschid Pacha
and the Baron von Bruck upon the attitude of the
Porte towards Servia. From a Transylvanian
paper we also learn that the greatest portion of the
Russian troops, who have been latterly stationed
between Budeschti and Nyegojeschti, have been
ordered into the Lesser Wallachia.
Intelligence up to the 27th ult. from Wallachia,
informs us that slight skirmishes and cannonades
have taken place on various points. The news of
the conclusion of an armistice had not, up to that
date, received any official confirmation ; whilst, in
the meanwhile, the reports direct from the Prin-
cipalities question the correctness of this intel-
ligence altogether.
*The following literal translation of a poem dedi-
cated to the heir apparent to the throne of Russia,
which has appeared in the St. Petersburg military
newspaper, pretty plainly indicates that, if an
arrangement is to be effected between the belli-
gerent Powers, it can only be by an unconditional
surrender on the part of Turkey :
" Since when has Russia ceased to be formidable to
Turkey ? Whence has the Ottoman taken his courage ?
Is it so long since our victorious bayonets and flags
crossed the resisting Balkan ? Must Turkey be remind-
ed of past times and of places which—the witnesses of
sanguinary conflicts—have immortalised the names of
Orloff, Rumianzoff, and Suvaroff? Is the power of
Russia unknown in Asia ? Are Navarino, Tchesme,
Adrianople, Otschakoff, Kagul, Braila, Ismail, forgotten ;
or that last field of battle which nearly opened the gates
of Constantinople ? And Turkey dares to declare war
against us ! Fate must have pushed her on to this act
of madness ! The Crescent has either fallen into the
power of the spirits of darkness, or the star of the East
is waning. Turkey has cast down the glove of defiance,
and we prepare to do battle for the just cause ; with
entire confidence in the Most High we shall not have
cause for shame. Inspired by love for the Czar, and
faith in Christ, let us take the field. Into the midst of
the turmoil of battle the protection of the almighty
Cross and the prayers of the Orthodox Church will
accompany us."
It is said that Abdi Pacha, one of the com-
manders of the army in Asia, is about to be re-
placed. General Guyon (Khurchid Pacha), who
distinguished himself so much in the late Hungarian
war, is spoken of as his successor. Many other
superior Hungarian officers are about to be em-
ployed. Colmanstein, and others who are in the
Turkish service, have already left for the army in
Anatolia, in which they have been appointed to dif-
ferent commands. The Polish officer Czaika, who has
become a Mussulman, and who is called Sadik
Effendi, has been created Pacha, and is charged
with the formation of a Polish and Cossack legion
in the Ukraine, of which country he is a native.
As regards the Italian and Hungarian refugees in
general, the Turkish Government, up to the pre-
sent time, has refused to employ them, being afraid
to do so in the face of the opposition made by
Austria.
The following news is from the extreme Turkish
frontiers of Anatolia, touching the Eastern frontier
of Russia :—An encounter was imminent between a
body of 6,000 regular and irregular troops, under
the orders of General Selim Pacha, and the Russian
garrison of Erivan, only 2,000 strong. This column
was at Bayazed, and consisted of three batta-
lions of regular Turkish infantry, one detach-
ment of cavaly, one battery of artillery, and 2,000
irregular soldiers (Churds). They were preparing
to attack the Russian province of Erivan, which