The Sun.
London, England, 1853-03-21 00:00:00

trb WlYttion,

LINCOLN RACES.

(THIS DAY.)

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
THE TRIAL STAKES.

Ring Dairid
Chilton

Five ran.

THE FRENCH EMPIRE.

We find the following in the Union on the in-
*erestiug and always popular subject of liberty :
" What is the use of disputing about liberty ? Liberty
--we speak of oivil -or political liberty—is something
relative, and cannot be either judged or defined without
taking into consideration the habits and wants of each
people and each period. How, therefore, can the liberty
of one period be compared to the liberty of another ?
Liberty is not an abstraction, is not an absolute idea,
and is not subordinate to inflexible conditions or forms.
Was France in 1789 free ? Certainly not, if liberty is
what was seen in 1791 or 1793, and afterwards in 1797,
and again in 1801, or in 1804, or in 1851, or, if one likes
it better, in 1848, or, in fine, in 1851. Still more, has
Yrance ever been free ? No, if her liberty be compared '
IP. that of all other States, from Greece to the United
States. But ask the same question of any people what-
ever, and you will inevitably have the same reply. , The
liberty of Sparta was not that of Athens ; far from it !
The liberty of the Cretans had nothing in common
with that of the Sicilians or Carthagenians. And what
was the liberty of Rome ? A dominating Senate, patri-
cians masters of the people, a perpetuity of empire

ander the name of customs of their ancestors and
then 39,000 or 40,000 citizens with 300,000 slaves.
IS that the veritable and unchangeable type of
liberty ! For a century, English liberty has been made
the universal model of 411 constitutions to be established.
hat is that liberty ? Could we support the most feeble
amitation of it ? The Charter of 1814 was at most a
Parody of it. English liberty is a classification of society
with a landed aristocracy at the top armed with political
privileges. Just attempt to propose something similar
to that in France, broken up as it is into little morsels
of land, to that scattered democracy, ricketty but
baughty, extenuated but sovereign. It would break
everything to pieces rather than subject itself to a pri-
4ileged class of that kind. How chimerical, therefore,
is it to attempt to render liberty subordinate to certain
typical and preconceived forms, according to which per-
sons would deem themselves entitled to affirm that one
• people is free, and that another is not ! At most it can
be declared that there are institutions in themselves
3nore in conformity with the natural right of defence
or of protection in a political society ; but in that
nothing is absolute. The institutions of the middle
age were not without connection with that right of
defence, but they were themselves of very different
kinds. The communal constitution of France Was
not the same as that in Italy, or in Flanders, or in
Spain ; and yet it was everywhere the real basis of
liberty. To 'speak only of France, it is an historical
truth that her liberty followed infinite variations with=
out any one being able to affirm that it ceased to exist.
Theestablishments of St. Louis were establishments of
liberty, and the ordonnances of Louis XIV., even in
their despotic form, were a new modification of enfran-
chisement. To deny this would be to fall into the
ignorance and silliness of liberalism ; parties, since 1825,
have had time to learn a little history. Does it follow
that the new times ought to bring back the old forms of
liberty ? To all appearance no one has any such idea in
his mind. It is sufficient to know that each period, in
spite of constraints or resistances, produces its liberty
with its most natural forms. And it is of no use 'abus-
ing the old liberty, for no one can say if the new will be
better. Posterity alone has a right to decide the point.
Let us then leave aside 'B9, and let us not be proud !
We would not certainly support what then remained of
feudal right ; let us not boast to have supported the
amount of revolutionary impost levied on us. Each
society has its acts of servitude even in liberty, and the
best established society is that which in submission is
always the most certain of its dignity."
Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, English Ambas-
sador at Constantinople, who has been passing
some days at Paris, has left for Vienna, on his way
to his post. From Vienna he will proceed to
Trieste,- where a steam-frigate is waiting to receive
nun- M. de Bourquency, and M. Delacour, French
Ambassadors at Vienna and Constantinople, have
Also left for their respective destinations.
The Moniteur contains the official promulgation
of the treaty of commerce and navigation concluded
between France and Tuscany, and which will come
into operation on the 10th of April next.
A commission has just been appointed to exa-
mine whether the special exercises of the Chasseurs
of Vincennes cannot be applied to the French in-
fantry in general.
The Senate met yesterday for the reception of
the senators nominated by the decrees of the 9th
of February andsthe 4th and Bth of March. They
took the-oaths, and the Senate then occupied itself
with the 23 bills adopted by the Legislative Body.
The Moniteur publishes a decree by which ores
of all kinds except sulphur are exempt from duty
when imported by French vessels, and subject to
the payment of Ifr. per 100 kilos. by foreign ves-
sels. Liquorice root, imported by French vessels,
is also exempt from duty, and charged 2fr. per 100
kilos. by foreign vessels or by land.
The cold on Saturday was severe. The thermo-
meter of M. Chevalier stood, at six o'clock in the
morning, at 4 deg. 9-10ths centigrade (23±
Fahren-
heit), and at noon at 1 deg. 4-10ths centigrade (29*
Pahrenheit) below the freezing point.
Yesterday the Emperor gage private audiences to
Monseigneur Garribaldi, the Pope's Nuncio, a_and
to M. de Hubner, the Austrian Minister, wfhtehne
they presented the answers to the notification o
Znaperor's marriage.
The Debats declares that the English fleet was
sent for by Colonel Rose spontaneously, and not at
the request of the Porte.
Madame de Montijo left Paris for Madrid.
A leading Nantes journal, the Union Bretanne,
states that it is the resolve of the Pope to
wherecom-
mence his journey to France early in May,
he intends remaining for about two months.
The Emperor has ordered an opera to be pre-
Pared in honour of his approaching coronation,
to be called The Coronation of Charles the Seventh.
The conflicting reports which have agitated the
Bourse for the last few days, have not tended to
raise the drooping prices of our late quotations.
The Three per Cents. have experienced a decline
of 50c. for cash, and 95c, for the account ; the
Pour-and-a-Half per Cents. (cash), sc. lower, and
60c. ditto for the account.. The depreciation of
Bank Stock amounts to 25f. The following are the
latest quotations :—Three per Cents. (cash), 79f.
50c. ; ditto, for the account, 79f. 40c. • Four-an
a Half per Cents. (cash), 103 f. 25c. ; ditto, for the
account, 103 f. ; Bank Stock, 2,700.
At the Casino yesterday the French Three per
Cents: were at first constantly offered, and declined
to 76f. 70c.. Afterwards, some purchases having
been made, a reaction took place, and the last price
waS 77f. 80c.

SPAIN.
, M. Llorente, the Spanish Minister of Finance,
has just concluded a loan of more than 500 millions
of reals (more than 125 millions of francs) with the
house of Baring, of London. This sum is intended
to pay off the floating debt, which will be replaced
by a 'perpetual debt. The conditions of this loan
are very favourable to Spain, which has never been
able hitherto to obtain money but at an interest of
10, 12, and even 15 per cent. per annum. This
loan has been effected at 7 per cent. M. Sala-
puma, who seconded M. Llorente in this negotia-
tion, has just left London on his return to Madrid,
via Paris. The affair will be immediately sub-
Enitted to the approbation of the Cortes.
A good deal of rain had fallen in Madrid.
The following are the prices of stocks :—Three
per Cents. 489 48a ; ditto Deferred, 241; Redeemable
Debt, first. class, 11; ditto, second ditto, 5 ; Cou-
pon Certificates, 6. Exchange on London, 51.

ITALY.
A. letter from Florence, of the 13th, in the
Parlarnento, of Turin, states that the public prose-
cutor has called upon the Court to declare Guer-
Petracchi, Romanelli, Pantanelli, and Ca-
Poechi guilty of high treason. The sittings of the
Court haxe been resumed. The judicial authori-
ties have since passed sentence of perpetual impri-
sonment upon Guerazzi.
In its sitting of the 15th the Senate of Turin
Passed the Submarine Spezia and Cagliari Electric
Telegraph Bill.
The Giornale di Roma publishes the Latin ora-
tion held by the Pope in the consistory of the 7th,
In which, among other matters, his Holiness des-
cants on the pastoral virtues of the Archbishop of
Tours, adding that he has been induced to promote
tiara to the dignity of Cardinal, as well on account
of his virtues, ,as also because His Holiness was
sure to give great satisfaction thereby to " his
;:ell-beloved son in Christ, Napoleon, Emperor of
the French (Charissimo in Christo filio nostro Na-
Poieeni, Francum Imperatori)," since he himself
had warmly advocated (vehementer petierit) that
nomination. _ _

The deputation from the Lombard provinces,
Which is to proceed to Vienna to congratulate the
'4l3lperor upon his providential escape, is composed
of the Archbishop of Milan, the Bishops of Pavia
kid Como,- &c.A
proclamation, by General Count Hoyos, com-
mandant of Ancona, prohibits every assemblage of.
_more„ than five persons, under whatever pretence,
alter sunset is announced by the evening gun.
1'114;041 Marchetti, 21 years of age, has been shot,