The Sun.
London, England, 1854-07-24 00:00:00


90.

EN

G, JUL

PUBLICATIONS.

THE MAIL STEAM-SHIP for AUSTRALIA,
August 4, 1854.—The magnificent screw steam-ship CAL-
CUTTA," 1,800 tons, another of the fine fleet belonging to the Gene-
ral Screw Steam Shipping Company, will be despatched from South-
ampton with her Majesty's Malls for Adelaide, Port-Philip, and
S'ydnoy, on the 4th August next. This fine vessel has maintained
her high reputation for rapid styling and punctuality, and is a sister
ship to t Argo," which has made the quickest v. yage to and from
Australia up to this time. The Calcutta has been employed carrying
the Mails to and frotn England and Calcutta, and from her superior
sailing and steaming qualities, it may be fairly assumed that she will
make the run in 60 days. Rates of •Passage from 30 to 100 guineas,
She will be followed, on the 4th of October, by the Cacesus, of 2,500
tons. Full particulars as to Freight and Passage Money at the Corn-
pany's Offices, ,7 Cannon-street, City.

tary glory and material results, have something in
return for our money. We all believed that in four
or five weeks after the amount asked for was given,
our troops and those of France would have been in the
thick of the conflict, on the banks of the Daoube, and
that by our valour and skill in the field, in conjunction
with those of our ally on the other Ride of the Channel,
we should by this time have expelled every Russian in-
truder from the Principalities.
What the facts are it is unnecessary to say. Never
was there a greater variance between anticipations and
results—between promise and performance. The mil-
lions we voted some time ago are all gone, or are going
very fast ; and yet we have literally done nothing. The
Turks have done marvels, but the Anglo-French army
have as yet achieved no conquest. We might as well,
notwithstanding the immense expenditure we have in-
curred, have remained at home. Instead of sending out
one of the finest armies that ever confronted a foe, we
might. speaking as regards the past, have sent out an
equal number of automatons. It now turns out, that,
notwithstanding all the positive assertions which have
been made, to the effect that our troops had taken part
in the battles of Oltenitza and Rustchuk, no one solitary
English soldier was engaged in either of these affairs.
Down, therefore, till the present hour the Russians have
not lost a single man through the English ally of the
Turks. We have not fired a shot—no, not one.
As regards the Turks, it has been, and is, a war in
reality, and most nobly have they acquitted themselves
in it. But as yet we are not at war. If, therefore, the
3,000,0001. are to be voted this night, let it not be pro-
fessedly for that for which it is not in reality. Let not
the House sanction the use of a misnomer; Let it not
give its consent to the pretendedapplicationof 3,000,000/.
towards a war with Russia, when it is for no such object.
We have not, down to the present, time; been Actually
at war with the Czar, notwithstanding all that we daily
hear to that effect. Let the 3,000,000/.—if that sum is
to be given—be given avowedly for keeping our armies
in any part of Turkey except where they can fight for
the Sultan ; and for keeping our fleets in the Black Sea
and Baltic in that state of inglorious inactivity in which
they have remained ever since they reached those waters.
It is right to remind the members of the House of
Commons, that if they this evening acquiesce in the ad-
ditional 3,000,000/. which are to be asked by the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer for the purposes of the war,
without exacting from ministers undoubted guarantees
that something material will be done for the'money, they
will become implicated in the Government guilt, and
will have to answer for their complicity to their consti-
tuents and the country.
There is one thing which, we presume, those members
who arrogate to themselves the terms independent and
patriotic will take care to see done, namely, that Par-
liament shall re-assemble after an interval of seven or
eight weeks. Any member voting the public, money
to-night, without extorting from ministers a pledge that
Parliament will be again called together in the course of
the autumn, will incur a responsibility of the gravest
kind, and one which he will afterwards have cause
deeply to regret.

13, Great Marlboroagh-street.
NOTICE.—QUEEN ELIZABETH.

THE NEW and CHEAP EDITION of MISS
STRICKLAND'S "LIFE of QUEEN ELIZABETH" is now
ready, comprised in a single volume of eight hundred pages post Bvo.,
with portraits, price only 7s. 6d. baund. A few maiming copies may
also stilt be hid of the Library Edition, uniform with Macaulay's
England, price 10s. 6d. la,-,und. Orders received by all Booksellers.
Published for H. Colburn by his successors, Hurst and tliackett.

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,

3,TAGDALEN HEPBURN. A Story of the
Scottish Reformation.

PATRON—H.H.R. PRINCE ALBERT.
RE-OPENING of the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION.
UNDER ENTIRELY NEW MANAGEMENT.
In conseqnence of the numerous inquiries after M ons. DUBOSCQ'S
OPTICAL EXPt, RI MEN TS, Mr. PEPPER begs to announce that
the SPLENDID ILLUMINATED CASCADE, displaying a Variety of Colors,
will be shown every Evtning (except Saturday) at a quarter past
Nine. Lectures by J. 11, PEPPER, Esq., on comes, illustrated by
Mons. DUBOSCQ'S apparatus ; and by. Dr. BACUOFFENER on the
PL URAL iT Y of WORLDS, illustrated by A,TRO NOM ICA L
DIAGRAMS.—DISSuLVING VIEWS of the SEAT of WAR in the
BALTIC and on the DANUBE ; and also a series after TURNER'S
Views on the RIVER LOIRE, in France. The PHO COGRAPHIC
GALLERY for takine Portraits and teaching the art is open under
the direction of Mr. Scorr.
A Band of Music, conducted by Mr. WAUD.
Open daily from 11 till 5, and every evening, except Saturday,
from 7 till 10 o'clock.
Admission, Is. Stalls, 2s. Schools, and Children under Ten years
Of age, Half-price.

By the Author of " Margaret Maitland," &c.
" Magdzden Hepburn' will sustain the reputation which the author
of ` Margaret Maitland' has acquired. It is a well-prepared and
carefully-executed picture of the Society and state of manners in
Scotland at the dawn of the It&ormation, and the author has made
skilful use of authentic materials—the chief characters have all the
air of stately historical portraits. John Knox is successfully drawn."
—The Athenaeum.

"In many of her descriptions the author equals Seott."—The
Critic.

Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn.

On Monday next, in 16m0., price 2s. 6d. cloth; or in 2 Parts, price
Is. each.

LAING'S NOTES of a TRAVELLER on the
SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of FRANCE, RUSSIA,
SWITZERLAND, ITALY, and other PARTS of EUROPE, during
the PRESENT CENTURY. First Series; forming Parts 65 and 66
of the " Traveller's Library."
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

ELEMENTARY WORK
PUBLISHED BY

PROGRESS OF THE WAR.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD and SONS.
NEW GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS.
By ALEX. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S E., &c.,
Geographer in Ordinary to her if ajet.sy for Scotland, author of
tlw "Ph} Meal Atlas," &e.

(Prom the Times.)
We are now approaching the sixth month of actual
hostilities, and as yet not a shot has been fired by the
land forces of England. The troops despatched on the
"expedition to the East" took up positions successively
on the Dardanelles, on the Bosphorus, and at Varna ;
but though the enemy lay within a few days' march,
they have never hitherto been brought face to face with
Russian soldiers. By our intelligence from the seat of
war, the public will have been circumstantially apprised
of the actual stations last occupied by the several divi-
sions of the British army, and will have learnt that the
advanced force is at or about Devno, and the remainder
encamped in different positions between that place and
Varna. For the information, however, of those readers
who possess no detailed maps of the locality, we may
state that the several points of the Devno, Aladyn, Ko-
juk, &c., are all so close to one another and to the coast
that the entire army may almost be considered at Varna
still, and it would certainly be far easier to re-embark it
at that port for transport to the Crimea than to conduct
it forward to the Danube. This, it must be confessed,
after all our exertions, performances, and anticipations,
is not a very satisfactory announcement, but the facts
admit of much explanation, and the general result, if
short of our desires, is still by no means unfortunate.
If the war had been undertaken for the single purpose
of expelling Gortschakoff from the Principalities, the
plain course would have been to carry the allied forces
across the Danube with all the expedition attainable.
But such a movement, though calculated, perhaps, to
produce a brilliant campaign, would have done very
little for the true object of the war. The atmost success
of such an advance could only have accomplished a little
earlier and with somewhat more completeness what the
determined valour of the Turks has almost accomplished
as it is, while the flower of the British army would have f
found itself in a desolate country, under a destructive
sue, and in face of an enemy which, however discom-
fited, was approaching its own resources exactly in pro-
portion as we were drawn away from ours. An immediate
advance into Wallachia, therefore, would, with refer-
ence to the broad policy of the war, have been a mistake.
This policy consists in striking at the very heart of Rus-
sian power in the East, and that heart is Sebastopol.
The forts and arsenals of Sebastopol constitute the
source, the secret, and the symbol of Russian en-
croachment upon Turkish rights. It is from this re-
doubtable stronghold that the Czar incessantly threatens the Ottoman capital, commands the mouths
of the Danube, domineers over the Black Sea, and
spreads the terrors or attractions of his name over
the shores of Asia Minor. To destroy Sebastopol is no-
thing less than to demolish the entire fabric of Russian
ambition in those very regions where it is most danger-
ous to Europe. This feat, and this only, would have
really promoted the solid and durable objects of the war.
Then, why was such an achievement not immediately
undertaken, and why were the British troops not landed
at the Crimea, instead of being detained on the other
side of the Straits ? The reply is obvious. When the ex-
pedition first sailed the strength, or rather the weakness,
of Russia could not be accurately estimated. It was
not known but that she might cross both the Danube
and the Balkan, or even carry Constantinople by a coup
de main. Moreover, the first detachments of the allied
forces were comparatively weak, the state of affairs was
very imperfectly ascertained, and it would have been the
height of folly to expose our battalions to attack and dis-
aster without protection or support. If the British expe-
dition of 25,000 men had been thrown on the Crimea—
that is to say, upon Russian territory—in March last, it
might at once have been assailed by twice its numbers,
and possibly cut to pieces. The first position, therefore,
was the isthmus of the Dardanelles, a position which
our command of the seas rendered impregnable, and
from which au army marching on Constantinople could
be taken in flank. From this point, as the truth began
to clear, and as it became evident that neither Constan-
tinople nor the Balkan was likely to be visited by Rus-
sian soldiers' we advanced successively to Scutari and to
Varna—the latter place being the most favourable point
of departure for Sebastopol.
But why, when at Varna, was not the army employed
either on one duty or the other—either carried on to the
Danube or across to the Crimea ? Why have we halted
between these two attractions, and so accomplished no-
thing at all The result, we suspect, though undoubt-
edly due in a great degree to the vacillation of Austria,
may also be traceable to the indecision naturally arising
from the vicissitudes and uncertainty of events. The
problem before the allied commanders was not simple.
It was true that the occupation of the Crimea was
the chief object, but it was not the sole one, and in-
finite mischief might have ensued if the absence of
the allied forces had exposed Omer Pasha
.o decisive defeat, and opened the road to Con-
stantinople. Admirably as the Turkish army has
behaved, it is still but a single army ; there are no
reserves in its rear, and it might at any time be
outnumbered, if reports are true, by a concentra-
tion of the Russian divisions. While the allied troops
were known to be interposed between the Danube and
ithighly imp,d ete
rr
ro
ebd-
encouraged the
the Russians from any sudden advance,
sCbolnes taa
uudt
thisno pl
species
eafnmoonr
as Ilasuugphpto
rwt,a swhe
Turks to redoubled exertions
dutyul t i
by
•
mate safety. Until, therefore, this particular of
could be assumed by some other Power, the allied com-
manders seem to have hesitated, and their hesitation has
that
the assurance
been unfortunately prolonged by the delays of
Power whose action was expected.
Danube, and thus
Austria, by movements extremely easy to herself, can
most effectually clear the line of the
disengage the forces of England and France for opera-
tions against Sebastopol. This service she stands ac-
tually pledged to render ; but the ambiguous attitude
of Prussia, and perhaps the menacing dispositions of the
Czar, have hitherto impeded her proceedings. That she
might be exposed to attack in her Gallician provinces is,
of course, unquestionable; but, even if we admit that
the reports of the. Russian forces on this frontier are
more faithful than they have been found in other casee,
it seems impossible to conceive that a Power which has
been unable to make head against a Turkish army,
with a division of the allies in its rear, should be com-
petent to override the forces of another empire owning
one of the finest armies, in the world. To suppose
that Francis Joseph is afraid of what the Czar
can do against him is to suppose Austria more timorous
thetuaitioat
rune. tphrla
In tthe
ehaeb Porte, a
meantime,
e fond to
r u rteogoa,
invaderr regard t
shthahoneu
the
should
oeba
redo
at od
to Viennaßyßyzan-
tium, asn
remembered,
that by this overt accession of Austria to the cause of
the allies she is securing the tranquillity of her own
Austrianp
e tor
trust,
shat
re,
mr t fhyue
into
nue
tfr
ooe r
ethpolicythat
h apt
rt
tio
nhwce
prr
aed
rus
et.ti
weh
see
dmms
aeadlyvv ea
esun.
provinces, which discernin
such a co-operation the best
caeb
loef tt the
e
allied forces to embark for the Crimea while the season
rs
eha
so %Ind bt eo otherwisef
,toeu rthenemies woi
ul
tsht iell
fshsauveeolfittthl
the
still permits the expedition ; but, even if the result
sealed
campaign.
blowportioncalamities t
hotefohßfpewuoosafri sioiraedoewofsT!
The
hefu
enf Franceosocctut
zsuaahhrdarvywoeeonh or England, inflicted
aerpu
exposed
ndui smallest
roeahsl
willsalt
vessels
Is have
traverse every sea in safety. The presence of their
troops in Turkey has guaranteed the safety of the capi-
tal, and urged the Ottomans to efforts before thought
impossible. Russia, on the other hand, has been foiled
before Silistria, has been worsted in repeated actions,
has lost the line of the Danube, and will hold only a
portion of the Principalities, if she holds them at all,
because it is not worth while to purchase her expulsion
from that desolate territory at the cost of operations far
better calculated to damage her power.

SCHOOL ATLAS of PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 18 maps, im•
perial 4to, half•bound in Bvo., 12s. 6d.
SCHOOL ATLAS of CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 20 maps,
With index, imperial 4to, half-bound in Bvo., 12s. 6d.

SCHOOL ATLAS of GENERAL and DESCRIPTIVE GEO-
GRAPHY. 22 maps, with index, imperial 4to, hall-bound in Bvo.,
12s. 6d.

SCHOOL ATLAS of ASTRONOMY. Edited by J. R. HIND, F.R S,
In the press.

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ATLAS. 20 maps, including a map
of Canaan and Palestine, and index. Demy 4to, 7s 6d.

GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS. In a portfolio, 2s. 6d,

These Atlases lay claim to a degree of accuracy and an amount of
information not hitherto attempted in educational works. The maps
have been constructed with a special view to the purposes of sound
instruction, and are not copied from any existing Atlas : hence they
will be found free from the common faults of overcrowding and con-
fusion with which so many School Atlases are justly chargeable. By
means of a new process of production, the maps combine the accu-
racy and neatness of the highest style of engraving with a mechani-
cal application of colours, the effect of which is to secure a clearness
correctness, and elegance, unapproached by former methods.

OPINIONS.
EDUCATIONAL TIMES,

They are as superior 7; all School Atlases within our knowledge
as were the larger works of the same author in advance of those that
preceded them. The Plates in the Physical Atlas excite our warmest
admiration for the clearness of the engraving and the beauty of the
colourm2. . . . A more complete work for educational purposes
never came under our observation.

THE BLUNDER.

JOURNAL OF EDUCATION.
Decidedly the best school atlases we have ever seen.

SCOTSMAN.

The plan of these atlases is admirable, and the excellence of the
plan is rivalled by the beauty of the execution.. . . . The best
security for the aceuracy and substantial value of a School Atlas is
to have it from the hands of 'a man like our author, who has per-
fected his skill by the execution of much larger works, and gained a
character which he will be careful not to jeopardise by attaching his•
name to anything that is crude, slovenly, or superllclal.

in not fulfilling
has committed a "gross blunder"
llachia. We are in-
its engagement to oecupy Wa
The Times thinks that the Austrian Government
com-
mitted, not by Austria, but by those who relied
upon her word.
clined ,to think that the gross blunder was
It now clearly appears, as was indeed tolerably
evident from the first to all who have paid atten-
tion to dates and are acquainted with distances,
that the allied forces had no share in the successes
of the Turks at Giurgevo and other points on the
left bank of the Danube. Although the English
troops, after passing more than two months in
utter inactivity, contrived to reach Varna at the
commencement of June, yet they were even then,
as we repeatedly alleged, utterly unprovided with
the means of making the few days' march which
still separated them from the Danube. Not a horse,
not a cart, not an ambulance had been p rovided ;
and, although serviceable horses could live been
purchased in Asia Minor at a very small cost, no
step appears to have been taken for this purpose.
If we inquire why a measure which the military
authorities must have known to be indispensable
was neglected, the answer will be, that the, English
Government relied upon the assurances of Austria
that she would interfere at the first moment the
Russians attempted to cross the Danube. Acting
under the conviction thus produced, the allied
troops have lost the glory of sharing in the tri-
umph of the Turks, and the immense advantage
which must have resulted from attacking the Rus-
sians with an overwhelming force at the very mo-
ment when they were in full retreat, humiliated by
their defeat at Silistria, and deprived of the only
generals who could inspire the wretched soldiers
with the slightest confidence.
Austria has thus succeeded in impeding the ad-
vance of the allies until a season when it can be
prosecuted only at the greatest disadvantage. The
heat during July, August, and September is, in the
great Danubian plains, intolerable. There, no
shelter can be found against the fierce rap of the
sun, which from morn to eve looks down pitilessly
through a cloudless sky. There are few w ells, and
the air is oppressive and sultry. Some idea of the
climate may be formed from a fact stated: in the
German papers, that of 6,000 Russians who com-
menced a day's march, one-half were left upon the I road, and had to be conveyed in carts totheir desti-
nation, most of them affected by coups-de-soleil.
The Russians have also,
as appears by the latest
accounts, taken advantage of the movement toVarna
rendered necessary by the breach of faith on the
part of Austria, to prepare a warm reception for
the allies at Sebastopol should they now proceed to
attack that port.
Our Austrian friends have thus contrived to cut
out for us some very agreeable work. In the
meantime, according to the correspondent of the
Times in Vienna, the wits of that city are "sneering
and jeering " at the delays of
Englishtroops mainly attributable to Austrian intervention.
Austria continues her armaments, while the English
are doing her work, and opening the navigation of
the great German river. When enough
ughanridasFrbeenecri
been
done to suit her interests, she will doUbtless offer
her mediation, backed by a Powerful army. The
proverbial gratitude of the House of Hapsburgh
will then have full scope.
But the mere threatened occupation by Austria,
ducing a disastrous effect in
after the retreat of the Russians, is already pro-
Turkish Government had decided on appointing
General Maghero, an honest, patriotic, and very
as the
Wallachia. The
influential man, a native of the principality, Governor of Wallachia. It was to this General,
whilst in Vienna, that the Russian Government
had offered 100,000 ducats (nearly 50,0001.) to
common caßuessechwiai with tahshema
He rejected the proposal with disdain, and at
against the Turks.
proceeded to Con-
stantinople. His appointment had been decided
upon, but the convention with Austria, from
has
which so much benefit
been reaped, put a stop
to it. There is even too much reaso
la to fear, that
if the Wallachians continue to find
make
the
their interests
by the allies
entirely disregarded
~ , they will be
induced to follow. the councils of those Russian
an ultra-demo,
emissaries, who with ra lc zea are
t. 1
now urging them to attempt a revolution on their
own account.

(Front the Morning Advertiser.)
If there by any public spirit, any real patriotism, any
true independence, in the House of Commons, we may
look for a display of these qualities this evening. Never
before was such an opportunity afforded for their exhi.
bition ; never perhaps—certainly not this session—will
there again. The house is to be asked to-night to accede
to a proposal on the part of Government for a sum of
3,000,0001. to carry on the war, over and above the
millions that have already been voted for the same pur-
pose ; and, what is more, which have been spent. Under
ordinary circumstances, the amount asked for would
have been granted without a word. The millions already
voted were given with right good will, Even Mr. Hume
did not grudge the sum. He assented as freely and
cheerfully as any man in the house. But the case is very
different now. The house is asked to vote 3,000,000/.
to carry on the war, after the several millions already
voted have been expended, although we have had no
actual war at all. When the large sums which Mr.
Gladstone demanded, four or five months ago, were so
promptly
and so generously voted by the house, its
consent was given with the full conviction, that before
13U had elapsed, we should, both in

) no doubt with
es:Sephia, the
of Austria has
In th. C---me-an time, the Arch-Duch
mother of the " stern and resolute"
ror, and the great supporter of the Je"souitgparEnitype;
the view of drawing closer the alliance between
be placed
Austria, has proceeded to Berlin
Burin
elithe
two cabinets. The influence he. rto exercised b
the Arch-Duchess over the councils
been most pernicious. She was at the
—bead of the
conspiracy which preciitated the war with Han_
untry,
gary, and led to the deposition of. the Rmoeror
Ferdinand in order that he.r son might
on the throne. To her it is that.nearl
~..‘, au
intelli-
gent Austrians attribute the evils which
the last five years have gone o. n accumulating -with
such frightful rapidity in their
.unhappy co
and which threaten it at no distant period viiti;
bankruptcy, dismemberment, and revolution,
Examiner.

JOINT-STOCK BANKING.

In 1825 there were 37 commissions of bankruptcy
issued against country bankers in England, and in
1826 no less than 22. In 1816 there were 37 ; in
1810, 26 ; in 1814, 29 ; and, in 1815, 26. In all,
between 1809 and 1826, there were 158 such com-
missions issued. Moreover, many other banks—
not bankrupts—stopped payment, to the great in-
jury of the public. Throughout the period Mr.
M'Culloch—from whose "Commercial Dictionary"
the statement is borrowed—adds, that not a single
Scotch bank gave way. The law passed in 1708
which limited the number of partners in a bank to
six only was confined to England. In 1826 that
law was repealed, and the act known as the Joint-
Stock Banks Act was passed. Inasmuch as this act
laid down conditions for the formation of such banks,
it continued restrictions : inasmuch as it abolished a
positive prohibition to form them, it extended free-
dom, and the result was the establishment of a con-
siderable number of joint-stock banks in different
places in England as well as London. Since 1826
there have been two or three miserable failures
of such banks, and half a dozen or more failures
of private banks ; but there have not been either
so many or such disastrous bankruptcies as occur-
red prior to 1826. Some persons attribute the
improvement to the restrictions which were
left on in 1826, or were then added ; we attri-
bute it to the portion of freedom then given. But
not to trouble our readers with a doubtful ques-
tion of theory, we have alluded to the former condi-
tion of our banks and the numerous bankruptcies
which occurred amongst them year after year before
1826, to contrast with that their present condition.
The present is the age of successful, as that was
the nge of disastrous, banking.
Within a few days the accounts have been Pub-
lished of the half-yearly transactions of seven Joint
Stock Banks, all bodies appealing to the public for
confidence, and thus responsible to the public gene-
rally as well as to their shareholders, all inviting
scrutiny and all successful. Let us place before our
readers their names and the amount of their de-
clared dividends. If others, equally successful,
have 0110Ped our AQ'tiCei Or PO yet t 9 publish their

SILVER MANUFACTURE.—The Goldsmiths' Company,
on the occasion of the Great Exhibition of 1851, in order
to test the state of art as applied to silver manufacture,
awarded a sum of money for plate, open to the compe-
tition of all the trade. In this competition, Messrs.
Hunt and Roskell were successful, and the examples of
their work, which are now on view at the establishment
in New Bond-street, are well worthy of inspection. They
consist of a large candelabrum, on which is represented
the granting of the charter of incorporation to the Gold-
smiths' Company by Richard 11. ; a candelabrum for
10 lights, with figues of Cellini, George Heriot, and Sir
Martin Bowes ; a similar candelabrum, with a group re-
presenting M. Angelo in the studio of his master, Ghirl-
landaio ; and two groups illustrative of the benevolence
and the business duties of the Goldsmiths' Company,
The whole of these pieces of plate are designed and mo-
delled by Mr. Alfred Browne, and they do credit to his
invention and powers of execution.
LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.—The British and North Ame-
rican Royal Mail steam-ship Canada, Captain James
Stone, sailed from the Mersey for Boston, via Halifax,
with the usual mails for the United States and British
possessions in North America, 160 passengers, and a full
cargo of valuable merchandise on freight. The Marco
Polo, Captain Wild, sailed per same tide for Melbourne,
with 616 passengers, a very large mail, including 9,000
letters, and an immense number of newspapers, and a
full Cargo of Merchandise 014 freight,

,G 7

' T
~" f .•—f • - , ‘ 1. , I , • 77, ; 1
/
•
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MORE iIIONEY-TIIE QUESTION?

To-night's debate will doubtless be wordy and
discursive, but the one real point for consideration
and settlement is very simple indeed. It is this
—Whether from August to February Lord Aber-
deen and the Peelites are to do as they please about
the War, or whether the country shall have the
protection, such as it may be, of a Parliamentary
guard over the Cabinet ? Shall we be ruled for the
next six months by Aberdeen alone or by Aberdeen
and the House of Commons ? Shall costly war or
dangerous negotiations be continued in Ministerial
secresy or with the power of now and then getting
a question answered in Parliament or a return
made, or a despatch printed by the same authority?
Shall we wholly resign ourselves for half a year to I
the dangerous and unsuccessful Russian guidance
of Aberdeen, or insist upon having a speedy return
to something like Parliamentary surveillance of the
Coalition ? A want of vigour in the Cabinet when
the Pruth was first threatened has involved us in
war. Are we to content ourselves by leaving the
prosecution of hostilities under the sole control of
the same muddling, undecided, and unsuccessful
Executive ?
We say this is the real point to be settled to-night;
because, once settled, there is no wish in any quarter
to refuse what money may be really needed for the
proper prosecution of the war. We do not expect to
have Russia put back without paying the sailors
and soldiers who are to perform that duty. What
is objected to is that the money should be taken and
the work not be done. Recent experience does not
encourage very sanduineexpectations on thesubject
of rapid victories, nor encourage us to look at once
for that solid peace which ought to follow great
successes ; but whatever our hopes, we have at least
one certainty, which is that, once free from Parlia-
mentary supervision, Lord Aberdeen and his Peelite
colleagues will do less than ever to free us from
the position we now occupy. Parliamentary super-
vision must therefore be secured. One way
only is open for this purpose. The House of Com-
mons is a real power only by virtue of its custody
of the purse-strings. Those strings the Cabinet
want now to unloosen. They want "just that
little three millions" out of taxes now in hand.
The industrious people upon whom the burden of
paying for the war is now about to fall in reality
have contributed a large sum, from which Mr.
Gladstone asks power to take a huge amount. The
Commons are to say Aye or Nay. The Cabinet for
the moment cannot do without their vote. Now
or never is the time, then, for the representatives
of the people to make terms with those who seek
this favour at their hands. If this chance is lost,
there will be no other. To vote the three millions
without the needful guarantee from the Ministers
is for Parliament to invite dismissal for six months,
and to give the whole nation—its honour, pros-
perity, and fate--into the clutches of that old friend
of the Autocrat, lecher Aberdeen. Will the Tories,
who dislike Lord Aberdeen because he is too liberal
and not sufficiently English, consent to do this ?
will the Reformers who complain of Lord Aberdeen
as not liberal enough—too dyn :die and Russian--
will they agree to do this ? Will those who have
any memory for past hustings' pledges or hope for
future electoral success neglect the requisite pre-
cautions for saving their constituents from six
months' secresy relative to the war, with Lord
Aberdeen pulling the strings ? The public have no
very vast amount of confidence in the present
House of Commons, because so many of its mem-
bers are landlords' nominees; or the holders of
bribery-gained seats ; but there certainly are some
representatives of the people from whom the nation
expects better things than any sanction to a vote of
all the money Ministers may ask, in order that
Aberdeen may at once prorogue Parliament for the
usual period, and then " make things pleasant"
with the Autocrat in true Aberdeen fashion.
The Russian organ of course points out to mem-
bers of Parliament the discomforts of an Autumn
sitting. It is quite natural to hear such a plea
from such a quarter. The Russian organ wants
nothing done that might prevent a snug little hole- I
and-corner arrangement by which the twin despot-
isms of St. Petersburg and Vienna might obtain
at the hands of Lord Aberdeen terms good for
themselves, but bad for freedom. The Russian ad-
vocate expects to carry its point by appealing to
the selfishness of Parliament. " Don't work so
hard • don't trouble yourself so much ; don't keep
bad hours at Westminster because the interests of
your country are at stake. Never mind the na-
tion, never mind the national honour or interests.
Stop quietly in the country, at your Highland
shooting boxes, and your English manor houses ;
or go out in your yachts, or make your long tours,
and don't care a farthing about the war, or the
country, or the taxes, or the future. e
(the
Russian journal) and our protégé, Lord Aberdeen,
will manage all that for you whilst you are away
for a holiday. We can settle the business of Eng-
land, of Turkey, and of Europe • we can bargain
with the Czar, and can negotiate with the Em-
peror, and can settle the basis of a peace a vast deal
more to our satisfaction, if you don't trouble your-
selves to meddle with what we do. Go away, there-
fore, like obedient serfs or sucklings, and play with
your guns and your yachts, and make your little
tours, and dine in little parties at Paris, or
Naples, or where else you please, whilst we settle
your fate in your absence." After this fashion runs
the treacherous exhortation of the Russian journal
amongst us. What a compliment such advice pays
to the Commons and Peers of England ! It is
tantamount to telling them they are all brainless
idlers, indifferent alike to their own and their coun-
tay's welfare at a moment when England's honour,
power, wealth, and position amongst nations are at
stake. For 40 years there has never been a time
when this country more thoroughly needed the best
help, aid, and counsel of her best sons than she will
need them during the coming six months. And this
is the moment chosen by the favourite organ of
Russia and of Lord Aberdeen to counsel the repre-
sentatives of the people to enjoy the doles far niente
and leave their country to the imminent risk of
betrayal ! We are no toadies of the aristocracy, no
flunkeys of the Parliament; but this we will say,
that we have too much faith in the honour, the
honesty, the industry, the common sense, and pub-
lic spirit of the Peers and gentlemen of England,
to believe they will allow thoughts of their own
amusement, or considerations of personal indul-
gence or ease, to weigh down considerations of
duty when the interests of England .are at stake.
We do believe that they have a sense of patriotism
and of the public weal much higher than Russian
instruments give them credit for. Believing thus,
we confidently anticipate that Parliament this
evening will not vote the three millions until they
have got from Lord John Russell a pledge that the
war shall not be secretly "managed" till February
by the Coalition, but that a much earlier day than
usual shall be named for the re-assembling of Par-
liament.—Daily News.

/-7"

~- ~~


HARVEST PROSPEO2 W.

an the north, according t
____ ___
o the Inverns zes Courier :
"This has been a favourable week for maturing the
crops, the weather having nniformlY Is maturing
warm and
genial.. There never was a better prosp ;act of a plen-
teous harvest, if a continuance of the prose art weather is
vouchsafed to us. We are sorry to learn that the Po-
tato-blight has shown itself in some districts .and
several
-.C2/30111111.1111111
..._:l____-.- --.-- - - • farmers at the Muir of Ord Market expressed anxiety as
[-PRICE SD. to their fields. The cases may have arisen atom the use
of bad seed, but in this neighbourhood the crop looks
--------------
' healthy and vigorous."
In the Lowlands the grain crops continue to be highly
accounts for the half year, it is from no intention
ke of, and with a continuance of fine
spo n
weather the
to be partial or do an injustice that we omit them: harvest cannot fail to. be greatly superior to ave
London Union, dividend at the rate per an.. 15 per cent. years, both in quantity and quality. , .
e
London Joint 5t0ck........... 10 '
London and Commercial, and TRE CROPS.—We have had another week of ins
London and Westminster, includingbonus bonus
-m
.. 12 . weather, and the improvement in all the crops is
most
of 16s. cheering. The hay harvest is going on. under the hap-
per share
Chartered Bank of Asia ........................ 4 piest auspices, the weight of the swathe varying with
1 the situation ; but the quality good everywhere. The
Colonial Bank
4 i corn harvest in these parts will be somewhat late ; but
Union Bank of Australia
continuations of dividends equally good
The dividends for the present halt=
jean are the-
Potatoes turn up well ; as yet, no signs of diseatie.—
for the preCarlisle atriot.
vious half-year, and the promise of equal dividends
In the P
midland counties we have the authority of the
for the half-year to come. Besides the circumstances Derbyshire Courier for stating that "the wheat crops
favourable o banking, the great increase of f
trade and t
reat demand for money have con_ have made rapid progress during the last fortnight, and
generally present a healthy apParance. Hay-thaking
tributed to the result the one great element of the 'is almost universal in the neighbourhood, and good
success of the banks has been the confidence of the crops will be•well got if the present weather continues."
public, more due to the good management of the In Buckinghamshire, says the Buck Advertiser, "an
banks than to the posse,sion of au immense extraordinary quantity of hay has been gathered this
capital. The Union Bank which paysl.s percent,, week in excellent condition. The change in the weather
has only of paid-up capital 422,9001. ; but this has within the last few days has materially improved the
harvest prosp.ects."
sufficed, with the confidence of the publice, to give it a command of 7,000,000/. The deposits` of The splendid weather we have had during the past
week has had a magical effect upon the crops, and the
its customers amount to about that sum, and
pnaurmtaeroofutsheacocoounntts which we have had from numerous
aryndgwivieth t owedo sr ta
and they enable it, including the discount of bills
So the of their progress, gbraarintgh eni ;co nn tg
to transact business to this amount.
Joint Stock has a paid up capital of 600,000/, rent prolific qualities. Should the weatherws still remainaP Pa
and deposits of upwards of 6,000,0001., and favourable all hearts will surely rejoice at the blessings
business to an equal amount. Again, the Lou- of plenty. The public at large can sea I
scarcely conceive the
don and Westminster has a paid-up capital of shortened circumstances of thousands upon thousands in
1,000,0001. ; it discounts bills to the amount of this
.avecaorotry, arising from high prices of food ; and we
6,600,0001., and commands the use of a capital of a
great corn rine on
ntots believe that the granaries of our
nearly 8,000,000/. Thus, with a capital of about this particular a Were scarcely ever more bare at
mean than at present. The wheat
2,000,&001., these-three banks have business to the of me, heweyer, has been .
most _ . trade,
in a languid state, and
amount of 21,000,000/.—nine-tenths of the capital the harvest being now close at hand, with eve app; r.
they used being placed in their hands by the eenfi- ance of abundance, both here and on the Contine:; ieilis
deuce of their customers. It is thought the Bank not surprising that buyers should exercise extreme Call-
a England did an immense discount business last lions buying only—to use the old expreesion:—.,,srom
last year, amounting to 254/00,0001., which has, hand to mouth." The hay is a very unequal crop, and
we believe, only been exceeded twice in its history) in some places has been damaged by the wet, bat the
but its paid-up capital is more than 14,000,0001., bright sunshine of this week has enabled the growers to
or seven times as much as that of the three Joint- stack a good . deal Potatoes, so far, are m •
yield.' ii°l fr'ing'
ant promise an abundant.
the
and insects are
Stock Banks, and they with a capital of only
very abundant and troublesome in garde:A.—am.
2,000,0001., have a discount business—for that con-
bridge Independent Press.
stitutes the bulk of their transactions—three-fourths
as large as that of the Bank of England. This Bank BRECHIN.—The weather has been excellent for all
being placed by its charter above the public, having sorts of growing crops of late ; and the potatoes and
g turnips are looking most promising. The best turnip
to regulate the currency as well as carry on the buss- field we have seen in this quarter is one of swedes, be-
ness of bankers, shows little orno disposition to stoop longing to James Cooper, Esq., Murlingden. They are
to the needs of the great majority of traders. It nei- already covering the ground, and the roots are about the
ther supplies their wants, nor obtains in an equal size of a man's dar
fist.—Montrose Sta
ynd
degree with the Joint Stock Banks their support The weather still continues ver fine,. and the cereal
and confidence ; and its 14,000,0001. capital wooes crops look most beautiful everywhere in the district ;
to itself little more than double its amount, while
and with a continuance of the present favourable wes-
that of the Joint Stock Banks attracts ten times •
harvestthearc)onta
owtihll. beA commenced in this neighbourhood
As yet there is no appearance of the
its amount. The great capital of the Bank is ac- lbnlight amongstmn the potatoes,. which have a most pro.
cordingly less profitable than it would be if man- mising appearance, and, if stored in a sound condition,
aged without a charter, exclusively to supply the will be a plentiful crop.—Montrose Standard.
wants and obtain the confidence of the trading THE HAY HARVEST.-- During the past week a con-
public. Though the joint-stock banks pay interest siderable quantity of hay has been carried in this neigh-
on some deposits, and the Bank of England pays bourhood. The crops are, however, far below the ave.
none, they can afford, in consequence of the large rage, and we may expect hay will reach a high figure
capitals entrusted to them, to do business at a before next spring.—Saropshire Conservative.
lower rate than the Bank of England.
The facts stated of joint stock banks have an
important bearing on the question, now beginning
to be agitated of a State Bank, which finds favour
in certain high quarters. Successful banking is
the result of skilful management, commanding and
securing the confidence of the public. We can say
without the risk of being charged with error or ex-
aggeration, that there is no example of the skil-
ful management of such an institution by Govern-
ment, as to command for a considerable period the
confidence of the public. Why, even the Post-office,
which performs a duty approaching to a mercan-
tile operation, supposed to be more within the at-
tributes of Government than other similar duty,
does not command the entire confidence of the
public. By penalties the people are obliged to use
the Post-office, but, notwithstanding the reforms
introduced into it by its able manager, Rowland
Hill, the complaints are continual that the service
the public have a right to expect of it is often
performed inefficiently. The conveyance of letters
by private hands, it is believed, if the conveyance
of them were not retained in the hands of
the State as a source of revenue, could now by
the ordinary facilities of travel, be more effectu-
ally organised, and more cheaply performed, both
as concerns the transmission and distribution of
letters at home and abroad, than it is done by Go-
vernment. A State bank, we may be quite sure,
would not be skilfully managed. No regulations,
no system, could secure constant activity and vigi-
lance, care and honesty ; and it never could com-
mand, in the same degree as Joint Stock and pri-
vate banks, the public confidence. Such a bank
would want the chief element of success. It is a
mistake therefore to suppose that it would succeed,
or could supply the place of other wants. It is
equally a mistake to supposo that the profits of
Joint Stock or Chartered Banks are something de-
ducted from emoluments which rightfully belong,
being the prerogatives of the Crown, to the State.
They are, on the contrary, the result of public
confidence in private individuals, and in their ma-
nagement of business, which, by its very constitu-
tion, the State, and all which proceeds from it, is
incapable of acquiring.
Mr. Burke long ago stated that paper money was
valid on 'Change because it was not valid in West-
minster Hall. It was not coined nor issued by the
State, and therefore it passed current with the mer-
chant. The essence of Government is coercion. It
does not make a bargain ; it dictates the terms of
obedience and of its own duties. It does not stinu-
late to receive a certain sum for doing so much
work ; it chalks out for itself what it will do, and
settles even to the salaries of its door-keepers what the
people must pay for its services. How cad deposi-
tors place confidence in a body which is under no
control. To the State individuals look to decide
between them when they differ, or to enforce jus-
tice when wrong is done. But what power can
settle disputes, or judge between individuals and
the State ? A body which possesses uncontrolled
power, or a power only controlled and checked
by a fear of revolution, will never command
like the Banks the pecuniary confidence of pri-
vate depositors. They may be ready to advance
money at a stipulated rate of interest authorised to
be borrowed to a specific amount by the national
authority, and guaranteed by it ; but the floating
balances of which they may need to avail them-
selves every hour—which they trust to bankers
often to receive from them temporary loans of a
far greater amount than their deposits, they are
not likely to place in the hands of a national bank
which will care nothing for their custom, and can-
not be reached by their complaints. It is a delu-
sion to suppose that a national bank, like a private
or joint-stock bank, can be a source of profit to the
State. It will consume more in salaries than it can
possibly earn. If it be merely intended to take
care of the money of the State, the Exchequer is
already established for the purpose ; and it is a very
significant fact that the money in many cases was
only ordered to be placed in the Bank of England
because it was found by experience to be safer in
the hands of a private company than in the hands
of irresponsible officials.—Daily News.

HOP INTELLIGENCE.

MAIDSTONE, July 21.—The magnificent weather
which has now prevailed for nearly a week has worked
a miracle in many of the hop grounds in this district.
It is true they were not so far gone as in other districts,
and their recovery, is less surprising. In every dis-
trict, or nearly so, there is a change for the better ; and
Mr. Bass, M.P., the celebrated brewer, wbo has
been making a tour of the hop districts of Kent, de-
clared a day or two ago that he would rather bet on
150,0001. than against 50,0001., the Borough betting.
In some districts, however, it is no doubt an impossi-
bility that there should be any hope ; but we rejoice in
the prospect that the picking will not be so miserable an
affair as was anticipated.
• CRANBROOK.—We have had another week of fine
July weather ; and it is impossible not to observe a
" turn for the better." In many grounds where the bine
was attacked early, and consequently checked in its
growth, the plant exhibits still an unhealthy and wretched
appearance, and looks as if it was jaundiced ; but if
the present weather does but continue, even now a small sprinkling of hop flowers may be obtained there-
from. The vermin are becoming every day "small by
degrees and beautifully less," and a very strong effort is
now making by the bine to go a-head. In those grounds
where there is most foliage there is still a large quantity
of vermin, but not so much as last week.
CANTERBURY AND NEIGHBOURHOOD.-0111 appearance
is worse than last week ; full of filth.
IlicnAlr.—The bine is improving. There is a little
fresh fly; but the nigger is very numerous.
HoLLrxcnorfax.—There has been a trifling improve-
ment since the warm weather in some grounds, whilst
others have got worse, and the vermin follow the young
shoots. Taking them altogether,' they present a wretched
appearance, and without the least hope of a crop.
Icsitmu.—Some gardens promise well, but the greater
part very foul and bad.
MALLING (WEST).—Generally good ; no flea • a good
many lice ; very little fly ; no mould to hurt. 'The hot
weather has done wonders for our hops. Lice are dying
very fast. The bine is shooting out beautifully, with
some few exceptions, where the bine is very short. With
a continuance of hot weather we shall grow a good
sprinkle of hops.
MARDEN.—The appearance of the plantation is, on the
whole, unfavourable, but in some grounds there are in-
dications of improvement.
MEREWORTIL —The bine looks better. The fine weather
this week has very much improved the appearance of
the gardens. In our parish there is a prospect in some
grounds of growing a middling crop.
ROLVENDEN.—The last few warm days have caused
the bine to throw out a few fresh shoots and put on a
healthier appearance ; the lice follow very fast.
ROCHESTER.—In some places in this neighbourhood
the bine has increased, but so closely followed up by
vermin that there is no possible chance of any hops on
it. Tile whole district of Mid-Bent is decidedly worse
Lan last week.
STA.PLEUURST.—In some grounds the hops may be said
to be improving a little, b ,t in others they daily grow
worse ; many of the young shoots are completely covered
with lice. What this fine warm weathernow experienced
may do for them remains to be seen.
Thanitutst —We have a slight improvement in some
grounds. The lice do not follow the young shoots so
close, but we have abundance of them still alive.
WATERINGBURV.—Our hop bine certainly has im-
proved very much this last week, and the young branches
have shot out from 12 to 18 inches, and look a good
colour, but in some grounds there is still lice and mould._
WROTEAM (LOWER DIVISION).—A slight iimproveentn
is now perceptible in the hop plantations here. Them
hive
t
is growing, and the vermin do not follow up the fresh
shoots.

YALDING AND WEST FARLEIGIL—The hops are gene-
rally in a worse state than they were last week. A few
pieces may have improved where the bine has kept grow-
ing, and the lice have not been so numerous. The nig.
gers abound, but they have too much to eat.—Maidstone
Journal.

EXAMINING CHAPLAIN TO THE BISHOP OF BATH
AND WELLS.—We understand that the Rev. R. W.
Browne, M.A., prebendary to St. Paul's cathedral, pro- .
fessor of literature in King's College, London, and chap-
lain to her Majesty's forces in the garrison of London,
has been appointed examining chaplain of the Lord
Bishop of Bath and Wells.
THE TAXIDERMY OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE.—One of
the most interesting features in the Crystal Palace is the
collection of preserved animals and birds which illustrate
the zoology of the various parts of the world. In order
to carry out this important branch of natural history,
the services of Mr. Bartlett, the celebrated Taxidermist,
have been secured ; in proof of whose skill and ability it
may be well to mention that he received froFmewthpeerJeuernye
of the Exhibition of 1351 the prize medal.
are aware of the difficulties which the Taxidermist has
to overcome in the preparation of, tahtethsepecimens to pre-
and life-like characters
ismerpvaertthteemthfreommthdeesntrautcetriaolnioarnind
which alone can convey to us a correct idesaarnafethtelinheabittos
of the animal kingdom. That Mr. Bartlett has suc-
ceeded in this, the specimens exhibited d fully prove. The
groupes to which we wish particularly to direct the at-
tention of onr readers are—TwoLeopards Fighting, the
natural ferocity of these animals is finely represented,
Thean rtihgeerfonramnto2feitthhEe
laeirlhuasenl es is carefully developed.
by the dying Antelope, t, and the Leopard wounded
they pourtray interestingeinaesiodeveetrye
ieeffeacntiivmeaglrloiutepcs,s
men-
tioned by Mr. Gordon Cumming, the celebrated " Lion
Hunter." At the north-east end of the building is a
splendid group, consisting of two Mexican Ifnudlians de-
fending themselves from the attack of a
which has been wounded in the side bypoawnearrroiwagfuroamr'
one of the Indians. The man has fallen to the ground
almost under the paws of the enraged creature, and the
expression of the face is well rendered. His companion
has assumed a cold and courageous attitude, which con-
trasts well with his prostrate and fear-stricken friend.
The jaguar (a splendid animal) appears smarting under
the effects of the arrow, and is one of the most perfect
specimens of this interesting art. Upon inquiry, we
find this group is the joint-production of Mr. Bartlett
and Mr. Piericcini, and was intended for another part of
the building, but, for want of space, or some other cause,
is placed as before indicated, where it is seen to every
advantage, and creates more inquiry, perhaps, than if it
had km placed is its proper department.

/7//(-