The Sun.
London, England, 1853-10-19 00:00:00

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

The following is a translation of the letter from
Omer Pacha to Prince GortschakoT:—

" Monsieur le General,—lt is by the order of my
Government that I have the honour to address this
letter to your Excellency. _ _ _

" Whilst the Sublime Porte has exhausted all
means of conciliation to maintain at once peace and
its own independence, the Court of Russia has not
ceased to raise difficulties in the way of any such
settlement, and has ended with the violation of
treaties—invading the two Principalities of Molda-
via and Wallachia, integral parts of the Ottoman
Empire.
" True to its pacific system,. the Porte, instead of
exercising its right to make reprisals, confined itself
even then to protesting, and did not deviate from
the way that might lead to an arrangement.
"Russia, on the contrary, far from evincing cor-
responding sentiments, has ended by rejecting the
proposals recommended by the august mediating
Courts—proposals which were alike necessary tt
the honour and to the, security of the Porte.
" There only remains for the latter the indis-
pensable necessity of war. But as the invasion of
the Principalities and the violation of treaties
which have attended it, are the veritable causes of
war the Sublime Porte, as a last expression of its
pacific sentiments, proposes to your Excellency, by
my intervention, the evacuation of the two pro-
vinces, and grants for your decision a term of fif-
teen days, to date from the receipt of this letter.
If within this interval a negative answer shall
reach me from your Excellency, the commence-
ment of hostilities will be the natural consequence.

" While I have the honour to make this intima-
tion to your Excellency, I embrace the opportunity
to offer the assurances of my high esteem."
To this note, the Russian General Gortschakoff
has intimated that he " has no orders to commence
hostilities, nor to conclude peace, nor to evacuate
the Principalities."
A letter from St. Petersburg of the 10th, an-
nounces that the Emperor Nicholas had adopted
warlike measures of the highest importance. The
Russian army is formed into two divisions. The
first army is intended for great operations in Eu-
rope ; the second is reserved for local service. It
is said that the " army of Europe," which is at
present stationed in the west of Europe—of which
the principal corps occupy Russian Poland, and the
other corps, stationed in the rear, form the reserve
—is called to active service.

A letter from Warsaw, of the 9th inst., states
that the corps, under the command of General
Panjutin, stationed near that city, has received
orders to proceed to the Pruth.
Accounts from Constantinople of Oct. 6, state
that the manifesto, which has been looked for for
some days past, came out on the sth, the first day
of the Mouharem, the new year of the Mussul-
mans. Copies were handed over to two Chamber-
lains of the Imperial Palace, one of whom, Ahmed
Bey, is the son of Redschid Pasha, and these func-
tionaries departed immediately for the camp of
Omar Pasha, where they will read the document to
the troops assembled. On the sth inst. the mani-
festo was communicated to the different foreign
legations, and next day about 25,000 copies in va-
rious languages will be widely distributed.
It is understood that M. Argyropoulo, M.
Pisani, and all other employes of the Russian com-
mercial ch,ancellerie, will receive their passports,
with a notice to leave the empire immediately. Be-
sides these official people, several Greeks, notorious
for their efforts in Russian propagandism, will re-
ceive a similar order.
A young Polish Jew, named Wolowski, has been
arrested near Shumla. An important correspon-
dence with Russian officers was found on his per-
son, with detailed notes concerning the Ottoman
army. It appears he was also in correspondence
with several persons of the democratic party in
Poland. He was taken before Omer Pasha, who,
it is said, was about to hang him forthwith.
The warlike activity of the Turks seems to have
reached its acme. During the last month they
have cast 100 cannon of various calibre, and the
day before yesterday these cannon, with all their
accoutrements complete, and the horses to drag
them, were sent to Adrianople, where an army of
reserve is being formed of 80,000 men. All the
horses necessary were furnished by the Pashas of
Constantinople. This army of reserve will be
composed of 25,000 Redifs, who are now in Con-
stantinople, chiefly small tradesmen ; of 6,000 vo-
lunteers, who have inscribed their names at the
Seraskeral within the last eight days; and of 25,000
Kurdish horsemen, all mounted and equipped at
the expense of the Beys of Kurdistan. These lat-
ter, of course, are irregular horsemen.
There are now under arms about 300,000 Mus-
sulmans, viz., 120,000 between the Danube and the
Balkan, 15,000 in Bosnia, 6,000 men near Pristina,
on the Servian frontier ; 50,000 men, who will be
mustered within 20 days at Adrianople ; and from
80,000 to 100,000 men on the frontier of Asia.
Immense barracks are being constructed on the
banks of the Danube, where the Russians intend to
pass the winter. General Gortschakoff has de-
manded of the Prince a heavy sum of money
for the construction of these barracks, which
has been paid. This expense will be included in
the debt imposed on the country for the occupation
of 1848 to 1851. The Wallachian Government is
obliged to contract a debt of six millions of piastres
(about 60,0001.) to meet the demands of General
Gortschakoff.

suffTehremreuhchasfrboemend
ynsoe nwt ee rl ly. . authenticated
R caseu s
s a onf
cholera in the Russian army, but they are said to
troops are in the Wallachian hospitals.
The Wanderer has advices of the 6th from Odes-
sa that the corps of General Luders was to receive
marching orders on the following day. On the
Ist the sth Cavalry division, under General
Panjutin, and the 2d under General Stael received
orders to advance to the Pruth. The Turks have
formed a third line of defence from the little river
Kameick, across the Balkan to Sophia. No credit
whatever is given to the Braila news of Omer
Pasha being recalled. The cause assigned for his
being in disgrace is his excessive partiality for the
revolutionary party. A Sardinian officer in the
camp at Shumla writes that the army under Omer
Pasha consists of 100,000 foot, 10 regiments of
cavalry, and 250 guns. This force is divided into
brigades of between 8,000 men and 10,000 men.
The Lloyds of Vienna says there is in the army
of Omer Pasha such a number of refugees, the ma-,