The Sun.
London, England, 1838-07-21 00:00:00

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On Tuesday, July 31, price 2s. 6d., No. VI. of the
MONTHLY CHRONICTE
Principal Articles.
11. Lord Brougham's Speeches 5. Duke of Wellingt-
2. The present Comet. 6. The Deaf and jumb.
3. Zicci : a Tale (continued) 7. Modern En,
ravin
4. Speed on Railways. .
g.
*** Advertisements and Bills will be r,
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7 3/4e publication Tnz SUN ZN, SPATER commenced this day
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WITH WHICH
THE " TRUE SUN" IS NOW

INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 21, 1838.

We yesterday, drew attention to the second Report of
the Commissioners, on a general srstein of Railways for
Ireland, and praised the wise Prinr.ipl2s, which, with a view
to the future, have presided over the Report. How much
has the important consideratior, Mat, if an Act of Parlia-
ment be granted for making tl'ie productive parts only of a
line of communication, the. ~.inproductive parts will not be
taken to, and so a bar r:in 'be established to the future im-
provement of the crxtetry, been overlooked here ? How
much, already, has the public good been sacrificed here, by
allowing, withor,t laying down any general plan, a partial
execution of 1-,its of railroads, injuring the turnpike roads,
banishing fr om them stage-coaches, and exposing individuals
to hardsl,',ps and expense to complete particular journies !
How v ist has been the expense of particular Acts of Par-
lianlomt, all of which would have been saved by making one
puUic Act, under the suggestion and advice, not of interested
'peculators, but of skilful engineers and far-seeing statesmen
giving to individuals the power of taking to portions of
the general system of railways under those conditions
which would benefit the whole ! All these considerations,
though admirably put in the report, were pressed on the
attention of the Legislature in Parliament ky Si: H. VEE..
NEY years ago, and out of Parliament by several Journals ;
but the slow learning mob, which. constitutes our two
Houses of Parliament, would riot listen to They did- not know, and wtra reason.
ld not learn, but they
insisted on acting as artiel jobbers and specul
found it for their interest to prompt them ;stand
the result has been tile granting a number of narrow
monopolies which threaten ultimately to exclude parts of
the country from the benefits of rapid communication, and
which already 'require the attention of the Legislature even
to prevent the stoppage of the mails. The Bill, which goes
to prescribe the condition on which the mails are to be
conveyed on the rail-roads, stands for discussion this day ;
and as if to illustrate the old provrib of the more haste the
worst speed," more time has been and will be wasted on this
one petty branch of the general system than would have
been required to pass a tr.easure for the whole empire, em-
bodying the enlightened principles which are adopted in
the Report.

We are aware of the objections that can be urged to
throwing impo'lments in the way of private enterprize ;
but they corr.e with a miserable grace from those persons
who will D'ot allow the people to get either timber or corn
from where they please—who insist on restricting both the
manly' acture and consumption of beer—who prescribe where
we shall go for our coffee and sugar, and into what ports and
-places we shall import our tea—and who are so jealous and
so apprehensive of liberty in every shape, that they will tole-
rate neither perfectly free banking nor a perfectly free press.
But, in truth, to prescribe the general system by which
railways shall be constructed is to relieve enterprise
from impediment. The private interest of the land-
owners and other individuals, which stands in the way
of private speculation, must and would willingly give way
receiving a reasonable compensation, to the public good
however averse those individuals may be to allow parks to'
be cut up, and houses to be pulled down, for the profits of
jobbers and speculators. A: general plan for railways
throughout the kingdom, the separate parts of which might
be constructed and worked for private advantage under spe-
cified conditions, would regulate and methodize, but it would
also save labour, and would stimulate enterprise. If
a general plan of communication by Railways, cannot be
planned by the Legislature, and executed under the super-
intendence of the Government, better than by individuals,
we should like to know of what general scheme, whether it
be to repress crimes or to punish them—to promote mora-
lity or regulate trade—any man will venture to assert that the
Government is the properinstrument for carryingit into effect,
and will do it better than it can be done by private men ?
Such objections to a general plan for railway communica-
tion arc futile ; and fortified by the conclusions of the ad-
mirable Report we began by referring to; we insist that even
now it would be wise for the Legislature to mark out a
general scheme of railways for every part of the empire,
and to pass o.ne law, under which the whole of it might, by
private cn;erpri•e, or at the public expense, be carried pro-
gressively into execution.

We hpd intended to extract something more from this
interce;ng Report, but the pressure of other matter com-
pels 'us to postpone it.

in the course of a conversational discussion in the House
of Commons last night on the subject of the East India
Labourers' Bill, Sir GEORGE GREY stated that the Bill,
as it came down crom the Lords, being objectionable, inas-
much as it weuld have the effect of. stopping the importa-
tion of Coolies by the conscientious contractor, and give
facilities to the unprincipled one, it was not the intention of
Government to proceed with it, but to endeavour to accom-
plish the object aimed at by different means. It was proposed
that the ejiovernor-General of India should issue a procla-
Enatic,u, declaring all emigration contracts made with natives
(it India null and void, and prohibiting any emigrants from
quitting the courery, until it should be ascertained that they
thoroughly understood the nature of the engagements into
which they miTht induced to enter. In addition to this
an Order in Czaincil is to be issued, directing labour con-
tracts bet,,Ten the emigrants and their employers to be made
before the Special Magistrates in the colonies. These regula-
lions are to continue for two years, by the end of which time it
is thought that their efficacy will have been sufficiently tested.
It aprared from the answer given by Sir GEORGE GREY
to 3 question put by Mr. O'CONNELL, that the Assembly
td St. Vincent's have lost no time in undertaking the task
of legislating for the black community, who will be released
from the degradation of the apprenticeship system on the
Ist of August. The St. Vincent's lawgivers, in the pleni-
tude of their benevolence, have passed an Act entitled
" An Act to prevent Combination, and for the settling the
Disputes between Masters and Servants." We should like
exceedingly to see this specimen of West Indian legislation
for free men. We are sure it is full of tender mercy
towards the servant. There cannot be a doubt that as
all distinctions of colour and caste are now at an end, in
a civil and legal point of view, so all the prejudices which
they engendered have vanished from the minds of the
whites. What a pity that the Government have refused
to sanelion the Act !
The example of St. Vincent's will, doubtless, be followed
by other Colonies. It is not to be supposed that the As-

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