The Sun.
London, England, 1853-10-18 00:00:00

The anniversary of this old Conservative 'Club
was celebrated on Friday, by a dinner at the Bull
Inn, Castle Hedingham, a small hamlet in North
Essex, long the great rendezvous of the Conser-
vatives of the county, where the "Essex Ten"
were wont to meet and rejoice over the fact that
both divisions of the county and every borough in
it returned stanch protectionists as their represen-
tives to the Commons' House of Parliament.

Prior to the dinner ploughing matches took place
in fields abutting upon the Sudbury road, and prizes
were distributed. to deserving labourers; and ser-
vants. As one of these illustrates iu some degree
the vexed question of the wages at present paid to
agricultural labourers in this part of the kingdom,
it is given here
" To the agricultural labourer of good character in the
service of a subscriber, and not in the receipt of more
than 10s. per week, exclusive of harvest, who has sub-
scribed the longest time to a medical club, 1/."
Mr. G. Round, of Colchester, presided at the
dinner, and the attendance was numerous and
respectable, although not so great as on many pre-
vious occasions.

The usual loyal and patriotic toasts were drunk
with enthusiasm.

Captain WAY returned thanks for the " Army
and Navy."
The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the toast of the
evening, " Success to the Hieckford Agricultural
and Conservative Club," said that he took a suffi-
ciently vivid interest in the affairs of the county
and the boroughs within it to be able to offer a few
remarks in reference to their - present position,
which was one of most extraordinary novelty, when
compared with that time last year. At that time
Lord Derby was at the head of the Government.
(Cheers.) A strong, and powerful, and true body
of Conservatives were at the helm, and it was
hoped and fondly believed that those reckless and
ruinous courses which had been adopted to the
prejudice of agriculture would have been in some
degree stemmed and averted. (Cheers.) But that
had not been the case, and they now found them-
selves the most powerful and important interest in
the country with a Government that had no sym-
pathies with them, with every party as it were
hostile to them, with war almost on their shores,
and with a high price of corn, which they well
knew was neither the result of men nor of politics.

The toast was drunk with all the honours.

The Rev. J. Cox, M.A., of Fairstead, in acknow-
ledging the toast, observed, after a passing allusion
to matters of a personal and only local interest,
that it would seem that the system of persecution
to which they had been exposed at the last election
was only the beginning of a series of complicated
affronts and persecutions which Were to be adopted
towards them by the Whig-Radical party. They
were aware of the gross indignities to which his lion.
friend Sir J. Tyrell, and his right hon. friend
Mr. Beresford, had been subjected at the last elec-
tion. (Cheers.) He hoped he should never see
the like again, because he did say now, quietly
looking at it through the vista of one year, that it
was disgraceful to all those who had been concerned
in that business. No sooner, however, were the
elections over than the present Attorney-General
moved for a committee to inquire into the conduct
of Mr. Beresford with regard to certain proceedings
at Derby. As that question yet remained to be
tried before a legal tribunal, he would not enter
further into it than to say, that in the whole history
of party warfare, party persecution, and party spite,
there never had been anything at all to be com-
pared with the virulence with which his right hon.
friend had been persecuted. (Loud cheers.) The
question which the select committee of the House of
Commons had to try was, " Is Mr. Beresford
guilty, or is he not, of being concerned in the bri-
bery which took place in the borough of Derby ?"
That was the issue. Was he guilty or was he in-
nocent ? But, what was the course taken by that
Whig-Radical committee with a Peelite chairman ?
They were obliged to find that his right hon. friend
was totally exculpated from any share in the bribery
transactions at Derby, yet they could not forego
their itching palm, and so great was their love
to finger something which might be detrimental
to the Conservative party, and destructive to
his right hon. friend, that, though they pro-
nounced him " Not guilty," they concluded
their verdict with a most severe censure upon his
conduct. (Cheers.) He said that such a pro-
ceeding was unheard of in the whole Parliamen-
tary history of this kingdom. (Cheers.) But that
was not sufficient. His right hon. friend was to
be indicted as a criminal for entering into a con-
spiracy to bribe the people of Derby. As that,
however, was an issue which yet remained to be
tried, he was precluded from saying anything upon.
it. Even that was not enough to satisfy the ani-
mosity of their political opponents, but they must
present a petition against the return of his hon.
Friends, Mr. Ducane and Mr. Miller, for the bo-
rough of Maldon. (Cheers.) Mr. Cobden said, if
we had free trade we should have peace all over
the world, because it would be the object of the
Emperor of Russia, who was the great lock-keeper
of the Danube, to sell us his corn. In place of
that, however, the Emperor said—" I hold the keys
of the granary of Europe. I'll do what I please,
and you dare not touch me—if you do rll starve
you." This it was which accounted for the vacil-
lating and truckling conduct of our Government
on the Eastern question. (Cheers.) As to the
uniformity of prices, he defied any of them to re-
collect the time when within six months corn had
risen 100 per cent. He contended, then, that the
prophecies of the Freetraders had been much more
at fault than those of the Conservatives. He knew
that party was at art end with the present Govern-
ment, because they had no principle, but were
a mere combination of Peelites, Whigs, Radicals,
Pope's bands, and a variety of other little conglomera-
tions, constituting a knot of persons in Parliament
whose object was the destruction, of the Conserva-
tive party. (Cheers.) Under these circumstances,ldfast
it was the duty of the Conservativesnone
che
of them ;
by their principles and toaatal
joinc withs, Peelites, and all,
leaving them, Whigs, R.
to fall into the 66 Rogue's March" played by the
Radicals,
Pope's brass band. (Loud
Government cheers and lawuagsh
this,te .
)
The position of the present
isbesunancdtiohnantdheayliddaforeodt tori otthemPareea,
andt at
without wore
movement. Witness the Canada Clergy Reserves
Bill, the Charitable Trusts Bill, and the humiliat-
ingletter of the Premier to Messrs. Monsell,
Keogh, and Sadleir. They must erect, then, the
Conservative party upon the great platform of the
Protestant institutions of this country. (Loud
and prolonged cheering.) Any man who supported
the present Government should be looked upon as
aiding and abetting in the overthrow of their Pro-
testant institutions.

The CHAIRMAN called upon the meeting, after
the excellent speech they had just heard, to drink
a special toast to the Rev. John Cox.

The toast was drunk in a bumper.
Mr. A. MAJENDIE, of the Castle, in an eulogistic
speech, proposed " The health of the County
Members," and read the following characteristic
letters from two of them. The first was from Sir
J. Tyrell

" Rougham-hall, Oct. 9.
" I am sorry frankly to admit that I have neither
heart, spirit, nor courage to attend your meeting at
Hedingliam on the 14th. I fear that many friends will
think I am neglecting them—others, that I am indiffe-
rent to what is passing in the county. Your meeting
is Conservative and agricultural, and I have a few words
to say upon that subject. The Conservative party is so
completely demolished in the House of Commons as a
party, that it must be reformed before it can be a com-
bined party. If I am asked what has brought about
my answer is, the perfidy and in-
and action of many of that party,
st
ihnacte
rs
tayt eo of f
cont hidnugest,
who talked loudly on the hustings of confidence in Lord
Derby, and who were afterwards in the lobby of the
enemy defeating by their countenance the proceedings
of the most strenuous of our leaders. Under these cir-
cumstances, our moral influence as a party has vanished.
Undoubtedly, I acted like the cabmen—struck work, and
perhaps you may say abandoned my duty. I admit that
I am too old to enter the lists, and I have seen too much
of party conflicts to attack those in our ranks who,
though their motives may be sincere, have, in my opinion,
acted a part inconsistent with their declarations, which
excited cheers from the hustings, and caused extraordi-
nary exertions to be made to secure their return to Par-
liament. It is not impossible that we may ere long, from
the present relative state of the party, be awakened
by some attack upon our own Protestant liberties, or by
the din of war, mainly brought about by the antiquated
imbecility of the hoad of the Cabinet, whose known sym-
pathy with the Orleans party has encouraged Russia to
rely upon a division between England and France, and
would at once leave Turkey at the disposal of Russia.
This state of things would never have occurred had Lord
Derby remained in office, and that is the penalty that
England has to pay in supporting a Government bound
by a combination of trading politicians—that is, of men
whose whose great object was to be in office on any principles
or at any price, and which is daily becoming explained
to the public by the elite of the Irish party. Those gen-
tlemen, it seems, have been tampered with by the under-
lings party, putting into the shade by
erfections of which Lord
Itihnegsir
jolt
ptherfe
ePeetieel•Whtlie
little
impns

Derby's officials were accused. The only consolation of
an alleviating character that is left for us amid the con-
vulsion in the money-market is the prospect of bread and
meat being is. a mouthful. It cannot be said that that
has been done by the noblemen and gentlemen of
the counties for their own benefit. That is the only
pull in a selfish point of view that we have. It
is a deplorable state of things that we have a Cabi-
net composed of statesmen without a party, who are
staking the very existence of the hor.our and cre-
dit of the country upon the decisions and num-
bers of public meetings that Ministers of the Crown get
on waggons and platforms in order to give their opinions
weight at the next Cabinet Council. I sincerely wish
well to the objects of your meeting. I cannot see my
way in this crash of the Conservative party, and I know
that the gentlemen of the Hedingham district under-
stand the local but meritorious object of their meeting
better than Ido • but at the same time I acknowledge
that I have neither the heart nor courage to attend and
speak my real opinions of the causes that have brought
about this internal confusion and break-down of our
party in the House of Commons. I admit it would
bring such a hornet's nest about my ears, attended with
hnaovebefnoeufigchit yalmraesnult, that I shall refrain from attending
cpmoomel
ittniiengaglisns, contentuacenoadncfleicttiwith
itsomeh mmyaesnveyel fnot
fw
takes itthlio
sf le opwaltaii
tcnkeg
wtuhhpaootmn
maytwhee
render it less disagreeable than it would be now, by
a battle.—l am, &c.
" J. T. TYRELL.".
The second was from Major Beresford, and was
as follows :

oblige me
in‘e
rd Hampton
b communicating
Association, that
yeom Court,unicat
irig Oct. t
01 3t,hle 83.
mem-
bersl.)u
upon mature consideration I have thought it advisable
to abstain from attending the dinner at Castle Reding-
ham on Friday. Till within a few weeks it was my
frooftw:eill
Ho
decided resolution to have taken advantage of their
annual meeting to lay before them and the constituency
of North Essex a full and detailed statement of
transactions connected with the Derby election an
the consequent inquiry, and to have vindicated
myself from the unjust and malignant imputations
which I have borne hitherto in silence, awaiting that
opportunity to expose and refute them. Afresh perse-
cution has been lately commenced against me. The
whole matter has been opened afresh, and is to be
brought to the issue of a trial. Such proceedings ne-
cessarily preclude me from entering into those explana-
tions which might be impolitic as far as I am indi-
vidually concerned, but which must be unfair towards
others whose cause has been mixed up with mine upon
this occasion. It would not therefore become me to present
myself at Castle Hedingham tongue-tied, neither would
it be justifiable to put forward a one-sided statement to
di
preju ce the case before it was fairly submitted to the
tribunal by which it was to be investigated. Such is
the reason which induces me, however distasteful it is to
my own inclination, to absent myself to-morrow from the
meeting. I trust that those to whom you will read this
letter will patiently await the conclusion of those legal
proceedings before they condemn unheard, or on the ex-
parte assertion of malignant enemies, one whose unre-
mitting exertions for six years in the cause of the agri-
cultural and Conservative interests, if overlooked by the
party in whose service he has toiled, have not been for-
gotten by their opponents and his unrelenting perse-
cutors.—l am, &c.

"WILLIAM BERESFORD."
The toast having been enthasiastically drunk,
Sir W. B. SMIJTH, M.P., returned thanks.
The " health of ir. C. Ducane and Mr. J. T.
Miller," the members for Maldon, who had been
unseated on petition ; " Lord J. Manners and Mr.
Hawkins, the Conservative Members for Colches-
ter ;" " The Yeomen of Essex ;" " The Chair-
man ;" " The Committee ;" " The Ladies ;" and
other toasts followed, which protracted the pro-
ceedings until a late hour.

IMPORTANT TO TRACT DISTRIBUTORS.

A young man named William Smith was brought be-
fore Mr. O'Callaghan, the sitting magistrate at Capel-
street police-station, Dublin, on Saturday, charged by
Mr. Martin A. O'Brennan, with having acted in a man-
ner calculated to provoke him to a breach of the peace,
by thrusting a handbill or tract of a sectarian character
into his hand on the public street. The case excited
considerable interest, Mr. O'Brennan having published
his own version of it in the shape of a letter to a
morning paper ; and the office was crowded to excess
with persons anxious to witness the proceedings.
Mr. Whithorne appeared for the prisoner.
Mr. O'Brennan (who is a Roman Catholic schoolmas-
ter, residing in Bolton-street,) having been sworn, said
—Yesterday evening, whilst I was going to the theatre
with a lady I was encountered by this man in Sackville-
street ; he "thrust" a paper violently into my hand, and
as he and a woman who was standing by both laughed
at the time, I took it for granted that something was
wrong. Accordingly I opened the paper, and found that
it was a species of tract, containing matter which I look
on in the light of a nuisance. lam of opinion that when
a man is going about his business no one has a right to
offend his feelings in this way by thrusting into his hand
a paper which is calculated to irritate and drive him to
commit a breach of the peace ; under these circum-
stances, I felt it to be a duty, as a lover of peace, to give
this person into custody, in order to put a stop to what
I consider to be a most noxious and dangerous system
of addressing people in the street, and asking them to
read articles entirely opposed to their religious tenets ;
for my own part, I would rather receive a dose of poison
than the poisonous matter contained in this paper.
(The paper " handed" to Mr. O'Brennan by the pri-
soner consisted of an invitation to Roman Catholics to
attend a sermon to be preached by the Rey. J. O'Carroll,
A. 8., S.T.C.D., in St. Luke's Church, on Sunday even-
ing next, upon the alleged supremacy of St. Peter.)
Mr. O'Callaghan (to witness)—Have you any reason
to believe that the prisoner knew who you were when
acting in the way you have stated ?
Witness—From the fact of his laughing, I think he
must have known me. He admitted after his arrest that
lie was the agent of the Rev. Mr. M'Cartby, of St.
Michan's paris.
Mr. Whithorne (to witness)—How long is it since you
put the " 0 " before your name ?
Witness—l don't choose to tell you.
[The witness was, till lately, in the habit of styling
himself simply Mr. M. A. Brennan.]
Mr. Whitliorne—Were your feelings very much hurt ?
Witness—Yes, my feelings as a gentleman. (Laughter.)
Mr. Whithorne—You are an orator.

Witness (with a complacent smile)—Yes, I think I
am. (Laughter.)

Mr.sWhithorne—And you are a publisher too ?
Witness—Yes, I write for the press occasionally.
(Great laughter.)
Mr. Whithorne—And you wish to bring your name
into great repute ?

Witness (seemingly offended by the question)—Sir,
my name has been in great repute for many years.
(Roars of laughter.)
Mr. Whithorne—You published a note about this
case in the Freeman's Journal of this morning. What
was your object in doing so ?
Witness—My object was to call the attention of the
public and of the public authorities to this system of
circulating tracts, which are, in my opinion, more poi-
sonous than the most noxious miasmata. (Laughter.)
Mr. O'Callaghan—Do you swear that he " thrust "it
into your hand ?
Witness—lle did. I saw a number of similar papers
in his possession after he was taken to the police station.
Mr. Whithorne submitted that his client had commit-
ted no offence in point of law. All he did was to
" hand " the paper quietly to Mr. O'Brennan, and for
doing that he was not only arrested, but actually kept
in close confinement during the entire night. The charge
was such a trumpery one altogether that he did not think
it necessary to go any further with the defence.
Mr. O'Callaghan (to witness)—Did I understand you
to say from what took place there was any likelihood
that a breach of the peace might ensue ?
Witness —My opinion is that " if "my temper had not
been controlled by education, it is " probable" that I
might have struck him.

Mr. O'Callaghan—lt strikes me, to say the least of it,
to be exceedingly indiscreet and improper for any man,
whatever may be his religious opinions, to thrust them
upon another man who, as in this instance, is of a dif-
ferent way of thinking. If a paper putinto a person's
hand contains anything that is likely to make him angry,
or to disturb his feelings, it is, in my judgment, calcu-
lated to provoke a breach of the peace, and it is the pro-
vince of the magistrate (who is termed a justice of the
peace) to take care that it is sufficiently preserved.
cannot entertain a doubt that conduct such as the pri-
soner has been guilty of is greatly calculated to lead to
a breach of the peace ; but as no actual breach has oc-
curred in this instance, I will only require the prisoner
to enter into his own recognisances to he of good beha-
viour for the future.
Prisoner—l have no witness to speak for me, but as
sure as I stand before your worship I did not " thrust"
the bill into Mr. O'Brennan's hand. I simply offered it,
and he took it, without the least pressure on my part.
Mr. O'Callaghan—l am a justice of the peace, and I
am determined to preserve it, so far as I can, in all these
cases. You must enter into bail or be committed for
14 days.
The prisoner accordingly entered into the required
bail, and was discharged from custody.

THE LATE SHIPWRECK ON BARRA-HELD.—GrasGow,
Sunday Afternoon.—The steamer Islay arrived at the
Brownielaw early this morning with 40 passengers, saved
from the disastrous wreck of the Annie Jane. They
left Barra in a small sailing smack on the morning of
Wednesday last, and, arriving at Tobermory in the
course of the same night, were thence forwarded to Glas-
gow. The majority of the passengers are pretty well
attired, having obtained clothing from the wreck of the
boxes which were cast ashore ; but many are totally pen-
niless, and 18 of the number had to receive food and
shelter during the night in the police-office. Captain
Mason, with the remainder of the passengers, including
moot of the women, still remain on Barra,

Mr. Yardley, of the metropolitan police office, has
to-day reported to the General Board of Health seven
cases of cholera in the parishes of St. George in the
East, Shadwell, Bermondsey, Kennington, and Green-
wich, and on board the ship Ivey, in the river Thames.
Dr. Milroy, in pursuance of the instructions of the
General Board of Health, has just inquired into and
reported upon the sanitary condition of the Queen's
Bench Prison in so far as it may be affected by the foul .
effluvia arising from the knacker's yards, bone-boiling
factories, &c., in its immediate vicinity. Attention was
drawn to these nuisances a few days since by Captain
Hudson, in a letter addressed by him to Viscount Pal-
merston, and referred by his lordship to the General
Board of Health. Dr. Milroy observes :
" That it appears from the statements of all whom I
examined that the stench from the factories, &c., com-
plained of, is often so horrible, more especially when the
wind comes from their direction, that not only must
every window be shut, but the inmates of the prison--
the average number of all within the walls, including the
officers and their families, is about 200—are frequently
so nauseated that they cannot take their meals when
brought to them. One of the patients in the infirmary,
suffering chronic asthma, stated that his breathless-
ness was always much increased whenever the air
was polluted by the emanations from the bone-boil-
ing and other offensive trades in the neighbourhood.
On such occasions he was forced to leave the rear
of the building, which is most exposed to the die.
gusting nuisance, and go into a room in Mint ; but=w -
even then he did not find raief unless he-at the'same
time closed the windows. The proper ventilation
of the infirmary at the very season when it is most
required is seriously impeded, nor should it be forgotten
that the weather when the mephitic effluvia are the
most powerful is that when the freest aeration is the
most necessary to health and for the prevention of dis-
ease. The testimony of Mr. Watson, the surgeon of
, Ayes no doubt as to the results of the nui-
sance in the production and aggravation of sickness.
attribute the prevalence of bowel-complaints in the
prison,' he says, to a great extent, to be caused by the
noxious effluvia arising from the knackers' and
i bone-
boiling yards in Green-street, and this I observe s par-
ticularly the case with prisoners recently committed,
who invariably 'complain to me of nausea and loss of
appetite, which they attribute to the peculiar offensive
effluvia. During the prevalence of north-westerly winds
it is at times quite impossible to open the Infirmary win-
dows for the necessary ventilation.' Captain Hudson
and Lieut. Evison, the Governor and Deputy Governor
of the prison, testify to the depressing and otherwise
hurtful influence of the atmospheric pollutions upon the
health of their families, who have been much more ailing
since they have resided in the place than they were
before, and both gentlemen very decidedly say that
they would refuse to live on the spot, if the nature of
their duties did not render residence compulsory. From
a list given to me by Captain Hudson, I find that in one
street alone there are no fewer than four bone-boilers,
three slaughterers of horses and other animals, two cat-
gut manufacturers, and one bone button manufacturer.
The Board of Guardians of St. George the Martyr have
made more than one attempt to suppress the nuisances,
but hitherto they have been foiled. They are still most
desirous to get rid of them from a conviction of their
pernicious effects and at the recent interview which
Mr. Hall, of the Poor Law Board, and I had with the
board to confer with them upon the measures to be
adopted at the present tinie for the protection of the
public health, the chairman pressed upon our 'attention
the necessity of means being taken to correct the two
monster nuisances—viz., the horrible condition of the
sewers, and the disgusting trades of bone-boiling, cat-
gut spinning, and horse slaughtering, carried on in the
midst of a thickly peopled neighbourhood."

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.—DEATHS.—Oct. 15— Cho.
lera, 2 ; diarrhcea, 2. Oct. 16—Cholera, 2 ; diarrhoea,
2. The total number of deaths from cholera and diar-
rhoea in Newcastle during the present outbreak has been
1,501. In the same period (namely, the first 46 days)
during the prevalence of epidemic cholera in 1831-2, the
number of deaths was 289.

SCOTLAND.—Dundee, Oct. 15, cholera, 1. Glasgow,
Oct. 14, cholera, 1. Edinburgh, Oct. 14, cholera, 1.
DARLINGTON.—Oct. 15, cholera, 1. '
BRENTFORD.—Oct. 14, cholera, 1.
GATESHEAD.—Oct. 14, cholera, 3.

HAMBURGH.—The visitation of cholera appears to have
been comparatively slight ; only 15 fresh cases have oc-
curred since the 20th of September, and no new case
was notified to the authorities on the Gth of October, nor
on the three preceding days. The total number of per-
sons attacked is stated to have been 537, of whom 279
died, and 201 recovered, 51 remaining at that date under
treatment. In all human probability the community of
Hamburg are indebted for their comparative immunity
to the improved sanitary condition of their city since the
last visitation in 1848. In that year great mortality oc-
curred among the British seamen in this port, amount-
ing to upwards of 800 ; but on this occasion an eminent
English medical practitioner of the city, Dr. Helbert,
has been officially appointed to visit the captains and
crews of British merchant vessels in the port and neigh-
bourhood of Hamburg. Under the zealous service of Dr.
Helbert upwards of 400 vessels have been visited, and be-
tween 40 and 50 cases requiring immediate assistance were
thus discovered, of which only three have proved fatal, all
the deaths being from developed cholera. It is stated that
but for this ship visitation, very few of these men would
have been brought under medical treatment at all, and
still fewer in time for treatment to have been of any
avail. Speaking of the British seaman generally, Dr.
Helbert says, " I think the general state of their health
i 3 very satisfactory. In comparison with the Hamburg
population, these English sailors look much stronger and
healthier. As I often had occasion to visit the vessels at
dinner-time, I was generally struck with the excellent
food they had, which is far superior to that of the Ger-
mans ; particularly there always was a much larger
allowance of meat than the Germans have." The great
distance of the hospital from the port (namely, about
three miles) is greatly and justly complained of. It is
always difficult and often dangerous to remove the sick
so far, and even when they safely arrive at the hospital,
the journey produces a depressing effect. Attempts
have been made to remedy this evil, but hitherto without
success, though it is stated that a seaman's hospital
might be supported at a very moderate expense, were
the seamen to pay only at the same rate as they do at
present in the general hospital, namely, one mark daily.

THE GOLDEN SANDS OF THE AMAZON.

The following letter, dated Chaeapogas, August
17, has been published in the Panama Star, headed
with the following remarks :

"In the last summary of Peruvian news we gave
some information relative to the extraordinary discovery
of gold in the bed of the River Amazon. since then we
published, in the Spanish part of our paper, a letter
giving further particulars relative thereto, which, being
of considerable interest, we translate to-day, although
we in no way vouch for the correctness of the statements
contained therein :

" 'Don _Mariano Aguilar left this on the 10th instant,
to commence the opening of the road to the river Amazon,
with the $2,059 granted by the State for that purpose.
" 'The important day which shall enrich the north is
near, and within two months we shall be on the shores
of the river Santiago do Borja, travelling over its golden
sands, and in the midst of the rich and fertile plains of
the majestic Amazon.
" 'A person travelling by the river Ucayali, for Pa-
ruro, has discovered,a snort dista
atnce front
rl or
first
th the
appearedshore
toof
the said river, a chalk hill, which
him to be of little importance ; but as a pastime lie took
several pieces for examination, when, what was his sur-
prise at finding a gold ring on his finger apparently
converted
k him that this earth must contain
eritteadtin to
once silver.stru
c
" ,
quicksilver, and he continued to inspect further into the
hill, until his surprise WAS further increased by corning
to a lake of fine quicksilver, of some twenty yards in
circumference, and, on more minute examination, he
found in various parts of the hill drops of quicksilver fil-
tering through a kind of yellow earth, partly concealed
among the herbs.
" Within five days Dr. Reyna will be en route with a
sufficient force to commence the work at the rich copper
mine of Chachahuala. It is expected in this province
that these mines will, within two months, prove a second
Copiapo in respect to these same copper veins, which
contains an alloy of 1,800 marks.
"Fifty years ago a man excavated the vein to the
depth of 14 yards, and the result was that the layer of
copper disappeared, changing to pure silver. From this
silver the ornaments of the church of this city, still in
existence, were made. The discoverer worked alone,
and after his death no one was able to discover the
mouth of the mine. In this way it is expected that Dr.
Reyna will, without doubt, having worked through the
copper layer, meet with a. compact bed of silver.
" 'ln conclusion, it is said that within sixty days the
gold washings of Santiago de Borja, will be discovered,
and the hill of Chachahuala will be reduced to solid sil-
ver, and afterwards the quicksilver mines of Ucayali.'"

DEATH OF M. FONTAINE, ARCIIITECT.—The oldest
member of the Academy of Fine Arts has just died in
the 90th year of his age—M. Fontaine, who was suc-
cessively architect:of Napoleon, Louis XVIII., Charles
X., and Louis Philippe. Notwithstanding his advanced
age, he presided over the council to which the preserva-
tion of civil buildings is intrusted. The friend and col-
league of Percier, he erected with him the triumphal
arch in the Carrousel, and participated in the works of
the Louvre during the Empire.