The Sun.
London, England, 1854-03-24 00:00:00

COURSE OF =CHANGE—Tun DAY.

Am5terdam............ 11 1314 Gibraltar
Ditto, three months .. 11 15 ..eghorn .• .• •.30 70
Rotterdam ••••• • • • • • • • 11 15% Genoa ••• • • • ••••• • • • • • 25 65
Antwerp .• ••• • • . 25 20 Milltil •• •• •••••• •• • • • •
Brussels 25 20 Venice •• • --
Hamburgh .......... •• 13 5 'Ai Naples ............ 4214
Altona IPalermo .............. 12 14
Faris .... 25 0 desslua ..... 1261%4
Ditto, three months .• 25 35 Lisbon 5;'%
‘tar5ei11e5.............. 25 35 Oporto „, „, 53%
Bourdeaux Rio Janeiro . .....
Franlttort-on-Maine .... 118 iluenos Ayre5..........Ayre5..........
Berlin . .............. New York, 60 days' sight
Vienna .. ••••••.•• • • • • • 13 50 Phila lelphta .• •••• • • • •
Criestc .• .• .• •••••• • • • • 14 0 PRICES OF BULLION, PER Oz.
Petersburgh............ 29 Foreign Gold tu Bars .E 3 17 9
Hadlid •••••••• • • •• • • •• 5934 eortugal Gold Coln 0 u 0
Cadiz ••.••••••• • • • • • • • • 5054 .6exican Dollars .• 0 5 034
Barcelona ••• • •• •• • • New Dollars 0 0
Seville •• .• •• •• •• •• •• •• <ilver in bars •• .• • • 0 5 1%

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

--4

Whatever be the result of the present crisis, Russia
has fur ever lost her character in Europe ; her declara-
tions of disinterestedness and her assurances of modera-
tion will never again be believed, as indeed they never
ought to have bebn. We know that at a period not
very remote, when she occupied a comparatively inferior
rank among the States of Europe, her policy was marked
by the same duplicity, the same falsehood, as when she
as it were covered the earth with her shadow. In 1720
Peter the Great entered into a treaty with the Porte, in
which the following clause appears with reference to
Poland :

" The Czar declares, in the most formal manner, that he
will never appropriate to himself any part of the territory
of Poland, and that he will never interfere with the govern-
ment of that ref,ublic. And as it is of importance to the
two Empires (Ottoman and Russian) to prevent the sove-
reignty and hereditary succession from being attached to
the Crown of Poland, they should unite to miintain
the privileges and constitution of that State ; and in the event
of any Power whatever sending troops to Poland, or seeking
to establish the sovereignty or hereditary succession, it will
not 'only be p Tmitted to each of the contracting. Powers to
adopt such measures as its own interest sh4ll dictate to it,
but the two States shall, by all 'mew sin their power, prevent
the Crown of Poland from acquiring that sovereignty and
hereditary succession, that the lights and constitution of the
Republic of Poland shall not be violated, and that no dis-
memberment whatever of its territory shall take place."

Now it is notorious, that from the very day when the
above treaty was signed, the policy of Russia has been,
without intermission, diametrically opposed to her
written engagements, and to the solemn promises made
by Peter the Great. In all this there is a lesson by
which the Allied Powers will do well to profit.
The following article on the last documents communi-
cated to Parliament is published in the Constitution-
net :

" It appears that Providence wished to place the last seal
of morality on the league of the Western Powers against
Russia by unveiling tho project so long entertained by the
Czar to subject Europe to his disgraceful vassalage. All
this covetousness and unbounded and shameless ambi-
tion was shrouded in private documents, and concealed
by the delicacy of the British Government, and it was
necessary that Russia, by a defiance of inconceivable
arrogance, should oblige the Cabinet of London to open the
hand which contained secrets at once so odious and so for-
midable. May it 'not be said with the poet, that ' God de-
prives those of reason whom he wishes to destroy.' Three
truths are brought forward by these documents, which will
remain written in history. In the first place it is clearly
stated that the Emperor of Russia had resolved to overthrow
the Ottoman Empire and to appropriate to himself the greater
part of its spoils. Seeking ou all sides for au accomplice, he
offered the insult to England of thinking that she would assist
him in carrying the <.cheme into execution, and proposed to her
for her share Candia and Egypt. As to himself, he would retain
Constantinople provisionally : this is his own expression. It
was to concoct this audacious act of spoliation of a friencUy and
allied nation that the Czar; in 1844, made that mysterious jour-
ney to London, of which the English people themselves under-
stood but little, and h urope nothing at all. Thus, when Prince
lienschikoff went to the Sultan to pick that Wolf and Lamb
quarrel, the premeditated destruction of the Ottoman Empire,
tie occupation of Constantinople by the Russians, was the
real but dissembled object of it. Let us now call to mind
the multiplied protestations of the moderation and disin-
terestedness of the Czar, made to all the Cabinets, and ask
ourselves—in presence of the facts which have been brought
to light, what are such words worth ? On the other
hand, it is clearly established, by the language of the
Emperor Nicholas himself, that in his project for the
destruction of the Ottoman Empire, he reckoned as
uothing—these are his very words—either France, Prussia,
or Austria. He reckoned France as n-thimr, because he be-
lieved her to be weakened by the division of political parties;
he reckoned Prussia and Austria for nothing, because he did
not do Germany the honour to suppose that she would have
an opinion to give, after he, the Czar, had expressed his.
France is about to show his ajesty, the Emperor Nicholas,
without ostentation and without bravado, what she is, what
she is worth, and what she can do. The Black Sea and
the Baltic are the scenes where this question will soon
be brought forward and settled. As to Germany, it is
for her to reply as far as she is concerned, but it
would certainly be to insult her in the most out-
rageous manner to suppose that the Emperor of Austria and
the King of Prussia will consent to be—they and their people
something like the Hetman of the Cossacks of the Danube
and the Spree, destined to extend, with the Cossacks of the
Don and the Bug, the states of the very clement Emperor of
all the Russias. It is a well decided idea in the mind of the
Czar to overthrow the Ottoman Empire, and to take posses-
sion provisionally of Constantinople ; he will use, as he as-
sures us, ' his last rouble and his last musket' to accomplish
it. The•veil which concealed the designs of the Autocrat is
raised by himself, and Europe is officially warned by the sons
of the Huns, the Vandals, and other savages, who for-
merly soiled and ravaged it, that it has only to resign itself to
invasion. If England had not several years ago rejected all
complicity in this attack, against civilization, it would have
been already commenced. This is what very clearly and very
authentically results from the diplomaticdocuments published
by the British Government, and laid by us before our readers.
Such monstrosities too directly attack human dignity and
liberty for any country to hesitate for a moment as to the
manner of replying to them. It is thus that the Emperor
Napoleon first understood the question even before the old
projects of the Czar were revealed, and it is thus that Eng-
land in her turn has also comprehended it."

The following is from the Vienna correspondent of the
Times, dated Vienna, (arch 20 :
" Thera has been a tremendous fall of snow in the highlands
of. Epirus and Thessaly, and this is probably the reason why
We have no news from the seat of insurrection. The Greeks
evidently entertain hopes that the insurrection avill spread
more rapidlfin Thessaly than it has done in Epirus, and the
reason that such is the ease is evident enough. Thessaly has
some 350,000 inhabitants, of wbo:n only some 50000 are
Mussulmans. According to the Triest Zeitung a great num-
ber of the officers, priests, employes,, and professors in Greece
are natives of Thessaly, which province, as you are aware,
was the ancient Hellas, and as such the cradle of the Greek
race.

"It was reported on 'Change to-day that Russia had re-
jected the uttimatum, of the Western Powers, and the conse-
quence 'was that extreme despondency prevailed. London
was done at 13.5 fl., and the new loan wai below par. It
may be observed that the uncertainty which prevails respect-
leg the future policy of Austria, is one great cause of the
discouragement which prevails in the monied world.
".Although his Majesty only returned yesterday morning
at six o'clock, he iu the course of the day granted M. do
Meyeruclorif a privato alittlienc% tutu tiro WW