The Sun.
London, England, 1854-12-04 00:00:00

THE MAGAZINES.

il,„G",,c,,,oe7.—iiiacio.reoti opens with " The Stoll
getoiery evidently
style.
as
it
b The
iy I
s t
of the Campaign," written in a tent in the Crimea.
It commences with the rendezvous at the Bospho-
rus, and traces the events of the campaign up t o
the occupation of Bvoeuial a .ktl u
thet writteneecihssoficul.disatrmi
paperning
is part
of a a
concise
mostromance,a nadt trva
ds y
e
a
authoress of the " Quiet Heart," and "Katie
Stewart," its delightful predecessor. It bears
the somewhat fantastic name of " Zaidee,"
but introduces us to an English home circle never-
theless. It would seem to promise, from the num-
ber of characters introduced in this first instalment,
a more diffused interest than in the former works.
It is a most welcome addition to the pages of Black-
wood. An article, on the "Education of the
Royal Artillery" takes into consideration the pre-
sent state of military education, and the alterations
and reforms advisable. " The Jew" is a tale
from the Russian, though, as the scene is laid iu
Vienna, that does not affect the story. It is a
simple and pleasing tale. One of the most
striking features in the number is an arti-
cle on the prospects of the modern drama,
doubtless from the pen of Professor Aytoun.
After some observations on the decadence of the
English drama, which he attributes in a great
measure to the worthlessness of the modern plays,
the writer proceeds to criticise a recent translation
of Ochlenschlager's tragedy of " Correggio," by
Mr. Theodore Martin, from which several extracts
are taken. In conclusion, the critic does not de-
spair of the resuscitation of the British drama.
"Not many years ago we were told that the public
had lost all taste for poetry, and that no singer,
however sweet, had any chance of an audience.
If you wished to throw a publisher into a paroxysm,
the easiest mode of accomplishing your design was
to clap a roll of manuscript verses into his fist.
The metamorphosis of Lycaon into a wolf was mild,
compared with that which followed the touch of
iambics. Now there is a reaction, and the public
are said to be screaming for poetry." This com-
parison leads to the consideration of the young
poets, of whom two are selected for favourable
mention—Alexander Smith and Gerald Massey.
sut their rivals are told to wait in patience, for
a " field-day" is promised for the special inspec-
tion of the ranks ef the volunteers of the Muses.
In conclusion, some satirical shafts are aimed at
the American spiritual appearances of our de-
depart ed poets. Surely none but the brilliant author
of " Firmillan" penned the ironical extract from
Shakspeare's posthumous tragedy. The second
dialogue on "Peace and War" begins by defending
the month of November, and the town of Boulogne-
sur-raer, which it asserts are held much in the
name light and unjustly abused. It contains a
continuation of the discussion between an advocate
of war andlis Quaker friend, who at the conclusion
is happily converted, not by his friend's arguments,
but by the sight of a tall boy kicking a little one.
This sight puts a stop to the conversation by the
active interference of the Quaker,who,lhaving thus
contradicted theory by practice, subscribes to the
Patriotic Fund, and ceases to be a Friend. His
opponent observes, " I wish no worse fate to all
men of peace, though I cannot help thinking they
brought the Russian war upon us.' A brief lout
talented sketch of the late Prolessor Wilson, by
the auther of " Ten Thousand a Year," concludes
an unusually interesting number.

Dublin University.—" The Waits," a Christmas
story, is a pleasing sketch. The first chapter de-
scribes two brothers listening to the midnight
music, very different in disposition, but united in
affection. Many years pass away before the story
is resumed, and then the brothers are separated by
the influence of various feelings, and an impassable 1
barrier seems placed between them. Laurence, the
elder, and more worldly, becomes a rich merchant,
while William pursues a more humble vocation, and
remains in the country. After some time another
change takes place by a reversion of the wheel of
fortune. Laurence was ruined, and William, by
his exertions and talents, was rendered compara-
tively rich. Through all these var'ations the
estrangement was kept up in spite of many attempts
on the part of the younger brother to overcome it.
At last, one Christmas eve, forty-five years after
the first one mentioned, Laurence, walking home
alone, found his thoughts wandering back to his
early home and his long-lost brother. To complete
the memory of past times, the " Waits" that night
played the same tune that they had listened to
when boys. The evening of the next day saw the
brothers again together, keeping Christmas in the
old house at Cheriton, where their youth had been.
passed. In 4' Biographical Sketches and Anec-
dotes," Anne of Austria and Voltaire are the
personages met with. It is observed of the Queen
that she was a very ambiguous character, for, while
some historians praise her greatly, others are equally
censorious as to her personal qualities and general
conduct. A brief sketch is given of her reign.
She made an inveterate enemy for herself in Riche-
lieu, by treating him with derision. She was scarcely
more successful after his death, for confusions and
intrigues were constantly around her. In the re-
marks on " Voltaire" a letter is published which he
addressed to Horace Walpole ; it is said that it is
probably translated here for the first time. "Mosses
upon Grave-stones" is concluded this month. This
melancholy tale is told with great feeling. " The
Expedition to the Crimea" is described in a second
part, and gives a summary of the most important
features of the war. " A Pilgrimage to the Land
of Leix and Ossory" is concluded for the present.
A great deal of interesting information is afforded
by its perusal. " Rose Condon," a fairy ballad, is
a spirited composition ; the refrain of the wild harp
introduced in each verse has a pleasing effect.
There is likewise a chaunt to celebrate " The ad-
vent of snow-mantled, ice-crowned December."

Fraser.—The present number opens with a me-
moir of the late Charles Kemble. It is ably writ-
ten, and gives an interesting account of the perse-
verance and study with which he pursued his art.
It is observed that he obtained the highest recom-
pence which an actor can receive for his efforts—
that the spectator ever afterwards embodies the
poet's creations in the image of the actor. "The
names of Faulconbridge and Mark Antony in-
stantly evoke the person, the tones, and the looks
of Charles Kemble. In the one we had before us
the express image of the mediaeval warrior, in the
other that of the Roman triumvir. His Faulcon-
bridge bore us back to Runnymede and the group
of barons bold that wrested the great charter from
the craven John. His Mark Antony transported
us to the forum and the capitol, to the legion at
Pharsalia, to Alexandrian revels, and to the great
Actian triumph. In such characters, we appeal
to the old play-goer, he just hit the difficult
mark. He was noble without bluster ; self-pos-
sessed without apparent effort ; energetic without
bombast ; elegant without conceit.' " This memoir
is followed by an onslaught on the Lord Mayor's
Show, entitled " Gilt and Gingerbread ; or, Tom
Fool's Day in the City." The bill of fare at the
Guildhall banquet is placed in invidious comparison
with an officer's allowance in the Crimea. A very
entertaining paper on the " English Letter-writers
of thaEighteenth Century" remarks on the different
styles of ancient and modern correspondence.
Now we write because we have something to say ;
but a !century ago a good letter-writer had a dis-
tinct and recognised place in society. "His mind
had to wear a court dress as well as his body, and
he would as soon have thought of seizing his sove-
reign by the hand as of presenting himself to a cor-
respondent without the epistolary bows and flou-
rishes which good breeding demanded." A sketch
is given of the most distinguished letter-writers—
Pope, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Horace Wal-
pole, Lord Chesterfield, Gray, and Cowper. " A
Commonplace English Tour" relates an excursion
to a spot free from railways. " General Bounce"
is concluded. The two chapters of the present
number relate the marriage of Frank Hardingstone
and Blanche, and the death of Cousin Charlie. It
is an interesting tale, and the characters are well
drawn. The concluding paper on "Dutch Litera-
ture" gives a sketch of the revival of the muses in
the Netherlands from the end of the last century.
" The Poultry Pentalogue," a review of a work
with that title, has some useful information for
those who patronise the now popular pursuit of
poultry-keeping. A paper on " Siam" describes the
present king as an extraordinary character. He is
well acquainted with English, and is a constant
contributor to the Calcutta periodicals. A notice
of the " Life of Lord Metcalfe," and a "Retrospect
of the War," conclude the number.

Colburn's Hew Monthly. A notice of M.
Hue's recent work is entitled " How to Travel in
China," and describes some of the social peculiari-
ties of the Celestial Empire. The first part of a
tale by Dudley Costello, " The Sister of the Hotel
Dieu," is a melancholy narrative, and promises to
become still more tragical. No. XXVI. of " Lite-
rary Loaflets," bears the name of "Light Readings
in. Alison," and severely attacks some points of the
historian's style. " Doing our Vesuvius," is a de-
scription of the ascent of the mountain by a party
of tourists. The " Psychologist" is a very singular
tale of the German school. The "Aunt and
Niece," a continuation of " Mildred Arkell," is a
very interesting and melancholy tale, by the author
of " The Unholy Wish." The " Diary of a First
Winter at Rome " is continued, and gives a descrip-
' tion of the Academia de San Luca. The " Illus-
trations of the Manners of the Eighteenth Cen-
tury " describes street fairs and servants, public
and private. In the latter department the watch-
men are included. The poetical contributions con.

sist of a simple ballad by J. E. Carpenter, and some
ver' entitled "The Whisnerinthe
by W . inombury, who now usually couLrilintes
to this magazine. The concluding article, " The
History of the Siege of Sebastopol," does not take
a very sanguine view of affairs. It says, in con-
clusion, that the Czar learns in a few hours, by
telegraph or newspaper, the whole amount of pre-
paration making in this country and the Continent,
and before they have left these sh ores he knows
the strength of every reinforcement, and has
nothing to do but to forward double the number,
and he utterly annihilates all advantages. The
writer seems to forget that on the page before this
cheering announcement he has himself chronicled
the triumphant repulse of 60,000 Russians by
8,000 English, aided by 6,000 French, consequently
the well-informed Emperor must send more than
double the number if he wishes to " utterly anni-
hilate all advantages" from the reinforcements.

Colburn's United Service Magazine and Na-
val and Military Journal.—ln the " Editor's
Portfolio, or Naval and Military Register," a
general survey is taken of the affairs of the
war. It is observed that Lord Raglan emi-
nently merits the honours that have been
bestowed upon him, and that satisfaction has been
everywhere expressed at his services being aoknow-
ledged. Further on it is energetically asserted
that reinforcements are needed without delay, and
that the country is willing to make any sacrifice to
support the war with vigour and spirit. After
some accounts of the actions of the troops, the
cavalry charge is referred to. It will be interest-
ing to consider the view that is here taken of the
affair. It will be seen that this opinion entirely
exonerates Captain Nolan from blame :
‘‘ THE CAVALRY CHARGE, CAPTAIN NOLAN, AND THE
TURES.—Dead men tell no tales, and a mistake having
been made in precipitating a handful of sabres on the whole
Russian army, in the fatal though brilliant affair of the
25th Oct., it is found convenient to lay the blame on Capt.
Nolan, who bore a written order to Lord Limn to effect an
advance, and then, charging with the little baud, was killed
with the first shot. But taking the tale for what it is
worth, as it is given in the Times, it utterly fails to esta-
blish the imputation. Supposing that Captain Nolan did
express himself to Lord Lucan in the manner reported,
Captain Nolan was not his lordship's superior officer, and
therefore it was not what he said, but what the written
order commanded, that he was bound to obey. To say
that Lord Lucan was influenced by Nolan's interpretation
of this document only gets him further into the mire, and
we feel confident that his lordship himself, if called upon,
as he yet may be, would indignantly reject such an ex-
cuse, and would rather acknowledge that he had committed
one of those mistakes which are inseparable from the hur-
ried incidents and excitements of war.
_ _

" In a letter addressed to the Times, Sir John Scott Lillie
has chosen to throw the blame of the charge on Lord Rag-
lan, although the correspondent of the same journal, writing
from the spot, distinctly states that Lord Raglan was an
amazed spectator of the catastrophe. Does Sir John con-
sider this a fair onslaught on an old companion in arms, to
whom no doubt he, in common with almost every British
officer, has been indebted, in time past, for more than one
act of courtesy, if not of kindness ? To us, and to every
impartial eye, it appears in the light of a deliberate per-
version of the facts. Nor can we speak more favourably
of his observations in reference to the detached outposts
manned by the Turks. There can be no doubt, notwith-
standing Sir John's assertion to the contrary, that had
these redoubts been occupied by English troops, they would
have been maintained till a sufficient force had arrived for
their relief ; and we believe that even the Turks would
have held their ground if they had been under the com-
mand of English officers. The outwork at Silistria, so
gallantly maintained by Captain Butler, was not a stronger
defence, yet a handful of Turks there defied 60,030 Rus-
sians. Tho subsequent abandonment of the ground by Lord
Raglan proves nothing— except, indeed, that ho had dis-
covered, in a most decided manner, that it could not be
kept by the Turks, and they were the only part of his force
available for the purpose. We are sorry that the Turks
have been so openly derided is the carp, but we do mot
apprehend, with Sir John, that the sarcasms and the vitu-
peration of their cemrades will produce a bad effect. On
the contrary, if they possess any soldierly feeling, as we
are sure they do, they will seize the first opportunity to
retrieve their character ; and meanwhile it is well to bear
in mind that their conduct is susceptible of considerable
palliation. At a distance from their posts, and threatened
by dense masses of the enemy, with no knowledge of the
science of war, and without any officer in whom they could
place confidence, they were not unnaturally seized with a
panic ; bat wo m-y still have faith in the inherent bravery
of the Turk, and ultimately convert this very raw material
into a tolerable soldier."

" The Siege of Sebastopol" carries on the detailed
account of the war which was given in the last
month's number. " The Campaign on the Da-
nube " refers to the Russo-Turkish operations on
the Danube in 1853-4. On the whole, therefore,
a considerable amount of information is afforded
to those desirous of studying the remarkable events
of the year. They will find the engrossing object
of interest at present considered in every possible
manner.

Bentley's Miscellany.—A. paper on the " Events
of the Year" takes a brief retrospect of the chief
domestic occurrences of the last year. In its notice
of some of the most remarkable works we are pro-
mised that the Miscellany is to be more brilliant
and attractive than it has been since its commence-
ment. It is rumoured that the editorship of this
mag,azine is to be undertaken by Mr. Harrison
Ainsworth. The only article on the great question
which engrosses public attention is entitled " The
Attitude of Austria in the East," and shares the
general opinion on the subject. " Aspen Court"
is proceeded with as usual. A paper on " The
Lord Mayor's Show" takes a favourable view of
that ancient procession, but admits it to be capable
of improvement. A lively description of " Parisian
Life" gives us a Frenchman's reasons why Paris is
proverbially gay and London proverbially dull.
There is a Memoir of the late Charles Kimble,
which remarks that the last half-year has been pe-
culiarly fatal to the children of the drama, Mrs.
Edwin, Mrs. Liston, Madame Sontag, Mrs. War-
ner, Mrs. Fitzwilliam, and Charles Kemble all
having departed in that period. An article on
" The Fate of Sir John Franklin" considers that
in all probability our unfortunate countrymen met
a violent death. There are, unhappily, many cir-
cumstances which would seem to give grounds for
this painful surmise. There are some pleasing
verses on " Regrets" by Mary Menck ; and Mrs.
Bushby contributes some superior stanzas, entitled
" The War Fiend's Mission."

Ainsworth.—The greatest portion of this maga-
zine is occupied by the story of the " Last of the
House," which is concluded. All the deserving
persons are happily disposed of. Merton becomes
a celebrated painter, whose productions are ad-
mired throughout Europe. The body of Sir Luke
Mortimer was discovered in the cellar. The family
vault that had received the remains of his ancestors
received him, " The Last of the House." An
amusing paper is entitled " Ugliness," which some
may be pleased with. " The Quiet House" is a
melancholy record of an unfortunate lady, who
lived in retirement all her life in consequence of an
early disappointment. It is somewhat of the mys-
tical in style, as the point on which the story turns
is the fact of her mother's spirit appearing at her
bedside the night before her union with an atheis-
tical character. Warned by this apparition, she
insisted' on the engagement being dissolved, to the
astonishment of her friends, who were ignorant of
the cause of her strange conduct and its awful mo-
tive. " Nicholas Flamel" is also finished. It is
asserted that to such a length did credulity extend
concerning this man that some said he discovered
the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life, that
ho lived for a century ; while others went further
yet, and declared that since the date of his death
in Paris he and his wife Pernelle had been seen in
India.

The Art-Journal.—The Art Journal has one
plate less than usual this month. The engravings
consist of a portrait of Fawcett, the comedian, and
the picture of Editha finding the body of Harold,
both from the Vernon Gallery. There are so mo
examples given of the works of German artists,
and a pleasing woodcut of Winter, by Mary Dear.
The prose contents are, as usual, artistic topics.

The English Cyclopaidia.—This useful and valu-
able work has reached the twenty-second part.
The name of Mr. Charles Knight is a sufficient
guarantee for its character. It is based upon the
Penny Cyclopedia, which was commenced more
than 20 years ago. So much has been added to
our store of knowledge since that time, so many
discoveries, inventions, and improvements have
affected the study of tile sciences, that Mr. Knight
rightly judged a work, ten years old? to be no
longer suitable as a medium of popular instruction.
At present Natural History and Geography are
appearing in its pages, and they will be succeeded
by Arts anal Sciences, and Biography and History.
Each of these divisions will occupy four volumes •
the work will consequently .be completed in
six-
teen. The incalculable utility of such a work of
reference, and th e clear and careful method of its
arrangement,joined to the moderation of its prioe,
will no doubt ex cite a degree of attention that will
repay the' compiler for the great labour and ex-
pense of his undertaking.

The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review.
The Qucc is before the Conquest" is the first
subject met with ; it is said that a general interest
cannot attach itself to such a work, but some of
the most notable queens are spoken of. " Alex-
ander, the False Prophet," is a curious account of
a remarkable character who lived in the second
century. He was, first of all, a servant to a quack
doctor, but he soon deterelined to set up for him-
self, and when his confederate died he proceeded
to his native town, where he began his mysterious
labours. Afterwards he built a temple, in which
he presided over an oracle, his fame spread far and
wide, and every day increased his disciples. He
had many enemies, but by his adroitness he ma-
naged to circumvent their designs in most instances,
and Lucian, the satirist, was nearly killed in con-

sequence of having offended the great man.
of Della Casa" is a very entertain, ti.;
sketch of manners and customs in Italy in the
sixteenth century. It is styled Galatea, from a
gentleman of that name celebrated for his courtesy
and elegant demeanour. It is stated that many of
the faults and follies here made mention of
still exist in continental society. However,
the rules and manners here inculcated would be of
essential service to any nation of the present day,
as the general rules of good breeding are the same
everywhere. Several other subjects worthy of
attention are met with, as " The Sequel of the
History of Sir Piers Crosbie," " Horse Racing in
the time of James the First." It is said the
sport was very prevalent in the reign of that mo-
narch, but that race courses were not regularly
established at that period, and it is exceed-
ingly doubtful if James introduced it from Scot-
land. In the " Obituary" there are the usual.
biographical sketches to be seen of the celebrated
personages who have lately died.

MISCELLANEOUS.
The National Miscellany continues to maintain
its character. " Pinto Ribeiro" is proceeded with,
and the " Extracts from the Journal of an Officer
in the Expeditionary Force" is also continued. A
paper on " Prae-Ruskinism," though extolling his
ideas and genius, laments the " Ruskin worship"
which prevails.—Sharpe's London Magazine has
many interesting tales and sketches. " Harry
Coverdale'a Courtship," by Frank Smedley, is now
proceeding in two places at once—the concluding
portion going on in Sharpe's, while the com-
mencement is appearing in numbers illus-
trated by Phiz. Newton's London Journal
has its usual scientific contents and list of
patents. The title, list of plates, and index to
Vol. XLV. is given with this number.—The
Journal of the Statistical Society of London con-
tains considerations on several questions of political
economy.—Our Friend is an entertaining little
miscellany, with several amusing sketches.—Orr's •
Circle of the Sciences has nearly completed the
second volume. It is a really valuable work.—The
Family Friend, Home Thoughts, and The Two-
penny Post, are little serials of a somewhat similar
character. The first is perhaps the best.— The
Freemasons have a new magazine, entitled The
Masonic Mirror, entirely devoted to the affairs Of
the brethren. The Land We Live In, a pictorial
and literary sketch-book, is continued in monthly
parts, with numerous illustrations. When com-
pleted it will form a very handsome volume.

SPEECH OF THE KING OF PRUSSIA.

The following is the text of the speech of the
King of Prussia on opening the Chambers :

"Gentlemen of the First and Second Chamber,—The
opening of your sittings to-day coincides with a happy
event in ray royal house. My nephew, Prince Freda -
rick Charles, yesterday celebrated his marriage with :1
princess of a princely German house, our friend ant
near relation. You will, like me, gentlemen, pray that
God may bless this union. It is with satisfaction that
I see assembled round my throne the newly-formed
First Chamber. I entertain a hope that this new cor-
porate body, founded on the recognition of acquir, id
rights, and on the consideration of durable relations,
will be always a firm suppoit to my Government in
the efforts which it makes to promote the prosperi tf
of the country. I have ordered the resumption
of the sittings of the Council of State, in orde r
that the bills should be submitted to serious preparatory
examination. Some of these bills have been alread.:9
eaatnined by the Council of State, and will be soon pre
scatted to your acceptance. Several other inaporta n t
measures, which particularly relate to the organisati.):
of the rural communes, and of the police in the sd
eastern provinces of the monarchy, and the provinoi;
constitutions throughout all the monarchy, are n oav
before the Council of State. As soon as they shall be
ready they will be also presented to you. The do ao-
mcnts connected with the finances 'which will be I aid
before you will convince you that the finances of the
state are in a satisfactory condition. The faithful m:
tenance of principles of order and a wise sys ew °f
economy give the possibility of providing for fEe
penses of the ordinary service, which have been :in-
creased on many points, and of invoking with sucoess
and with complete security the resources of credits for
extraordinary wants. Communications and transactions
present an increasing activity in almost all factir
branches. The receipts of the Post-office and of Oa,
telegraphic lines, as well as those of the state sad
other railways go on continually increasing. L arge
capitals are constantly being devoted to industrial un-
dertakings. The working of the mines has consides;
increased. Commerce is generally in a satisfactory si, law
tion. Such circumstances, at a time when passing eve tuts
exercise an unfavourable influence on our relations, X ell;
der testimony to the favourable economical situation .
the country, and give hopes of fresh progress in 'she
path of a prosperous development. In this situatioa 0;
and with the solicitude displayed by my governments' to
cause them to prosper, and especially to augment Ztr
ameliorate means of communication, I hope with eon u"
deuce that opportunities for advantageous occupation vi ill
not be wanting in future. This tranquillises me the ma/ 1,
as the hopes which were formed with respect to t he
price of food, owing to the generally favourable big'
vest of this year, have not been realised. The ca)ll'
tinued dearness of provisions, which is still sever elf
felt, has induced me to continue to allow the ire°,
importation of the most indispensable articles. "-
entertain full confidence that in consequence of
measure, and by avoiding interference in the liberty' of
transactions, there will not be any real scarcity even 'for
the next year. Fertile countries have been cruelly .de'
vastated this summer by disastrous inundations. I Iva°
able to judge in person of the extent of the da; wage
done, and of the courage, full of confidence in God, with
which the inhabitants endeavoured to repair their lo: ssos•
My Government at once took measures to provide for
the necessities of the moment, and to guard against an/
afflicting consequences at a later period from these e
atis-
fortunes. In virtue of a patriotic decision of the pro v in-
cial diet of Silesia, the necessary resources were precut red
to accord durable assistance to the inhabitants of the
lower grounds of the Oder ; and at the same time -the
most anxious solicitude was manifested throughout .the
whole monarchy, and even beyond its limits, to s
ceur the misery of the unfortunate victims. Gel 2 de'
men, to my great regret, a sanguinary war has h ,•rst
out between some powerful members of the family dab'
European states. It has not as yet reached our arta 1:
try, and peace still remains amongst us. I have a''s"
motives for hoping that soon, peraps, the basis of ei.
good understanding will be obtained, which will exi le°
farther and farther. Strongly, united to Austria an at°
the rest of Germany, I am of opinion that my missio n
to support peace, the recognition of the independent ye ° ,
others, and moderation. If, in the course of even ts, -1-
should find myself obliged to give a more marke, i a•
pression to this attitude of Prussia, my faithful p, staple
will know how to support with the devotedness whi eh it
has so often given proofs of the inevitable sacri foe!
which would be found necessary. in the previsio is el
such eventualities troops have been reinforced, and the
materiel of war completed ; in addition, the realisa f .los
of the loan, authorised by the Chambers in their last ; se.?;
sion, has been voted. Prussia would thas find her se`
in a position to enter the lists with confide ace, for tm",,
safety of her interests, and of her position in Eurc
the moment that the menacing aspect of political eir'
cumstances might require that course. A detailed
count of the employment of the loan, only a small 'Pori
tion of which has yet been made use of; will be 1"`
before you. Gentlemen, at the moment at which . Ye"„
take in hand the task imposed on you, I venture to give.,
you the assurance that my government will endes ;volt
tr facilitate it for you in every way. But, on the nal!'
hand, also, lam confident, although I fully reco isf
gla
the right of different opinions, that you will suppwt to_
government in all questions in which it may be ix
sary to demonstrate, in presence of foreign count; 'lO9l
the complete accord of the government and the come try,
and that you will thus prove, in a veritable Prussian v :AY+
that we are strong by union, and all the stronger lb"
more circumstances are difficult. May God in this F give
us his blessing.

THE BATTLE OF INKERMAN.

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passing their mo thiough the bodies of our men as
they writh:d in agony eu the ground, and pointing to their
men to bayonet them as they passed. Such are the armies
of the Czar ! These are the men to whom the Kings of
Europe are to be indebted for their thrones, and it is to
such Allies that Prussia would give the hands of those
whose ancestors fought under the Great Frederick ! A
major of the ruffiiau soldiery who perpetrated these deeds
is, however, in our hands, and evidence can be brought
against him to show that he was one of the principal actors
as well as one of the chief instigators of atrocities which
will make Europe shudder with horror. Mr. Romaine,
the Deputy-Judge-Advocate-General, has received in-
structions to prepare a case against this man. There
are several men to swear to his identity ; and, if it can
be satisfactorily pro —a i that he has committed the
acts laid to his charge, he will be swung on a gibbet
in front of the walls of Sebastopol. He is a
Baron—a man of rank—and it is suspected he has already
used the gold which was left on his person to purchase
silence. While the Guards were at their utmost need the
French columns moved down impetuously on the exulting
enemy, and, taking them in the flank, forced them back
along the side of the hill under the fire of our divisions.
The Allies charged them, and hailed ball and shot into
them with deadly effect. The enemy, though supported
by the fire of tremendous artillery, could not withstand
us, and before 11.45 a.m. their army was retiring before
8,500 British and 9,000 French infantry. The fall of rain
and the gloom, to which I have before alluded as having
occurred about this time, enabled them to collect and make
another stand, but the Allies speedily drove them back,
and at 12.35 they were in full retreat towards Sebastopol,
covered by their guns.
A little before this time I had ridden up to an advanced
picket-house of ours, which commands a view of the
French lines and of our right attack. I found there Mr.
Layard, who is still an anxious and eager amateur out
here, and a group of officers, looking down from the front
on the town, which was smiling freshly in the returning
sunshine, and talking of an expected assault by the French.
The redoubts, earthworks, and redans, as well as the
French and English attacks, were blazing away as usual
against each other, and dotting the scene with puffs of
white smoke. Suddenly a sharp, crashing rattle of mus-
ketry, which came distinctly to our ears through the roar
of the cannon, was heard on the left towards the Flagstaff
Battery, in front of the French lines. Through the glass
I could see the caps of some French troops, who were ad.
vancing from the last parallel by a wall, which seemed to
me inside the town. "Hurrah," was the cry, "the French
are in the place !" In a moment afterwards the Russians
could be made out running as hard as they could from the
rear of the Flagstaff Battery down towards the houses at
the side of the first harbour, and ere three minutes
elapsed one ! two ! three ! up shot pillars of dust and
dark smoke into the air. The Russians had sprung three
mines inside the work. In less than two minutes more
two more mines were sprung. The musketry ceased, the
smoke cleared away, revealing a mass of ruins and broken
timbers, and beams of cottages, and presently the guns in
front of Flagstaff Battery opened on the French, and
destroyed all our hopes that there had been a successful
assault. I heard this evening that the Russians had made
a sortie, and traversed two parallels ere they were re-
pulsed, and that the French followed them closely to the
town. It is probable that the Russians fired the mines to
prevent pursuit, fearing they might enter the place along
with them. The French buried 200 dead Russians before
sunset, and have 80 more in front of their lines to bury
to-morrow. After this little episode we turned our atten-
tion to our right, where the battle was still carried on by
the artillery. A very large battery was stationed on the
heights on the right of the picket-house, and in front of a
straight line drawn from it to Inkerman, which pitched
shot and shell remorselessly into our camp, aided by the
steamer at Inkerman, while a portion of it replied to the
fire of our guns, two Of which alone seemed to touch them.
These were Dickson's two 18-pounders. In the valley be-
hind the Russian guns we could see the Russian infantry
retiring over the road at a good pace, but in tdlerable
order, while their retreat was further protected by a
strong body of cavalry drawn up on a mound in rear of the
guns. A few rockets were directed against the cavalry by
our men in the batteries, but they did no execution that I
could see. Our admiration was soon excited by the splen-
did fire of our two 18-pounders. They werefiring at about
1,500 yards, but their shot went right between the enemy's
guns, smashing horses, men, and carriages at every round.
" Bravo, they're limbering up !" And so they were,
leaving five tumbrils, one broken gun carriage, 27 dead
horses, and 13 dead men behind them, on a very small
space of ground. Again they halted, unlimbered, and
fired a few rounds, but their 24's and 32's were soon silenced
by our 18's, and at 1.30 they were retreating after their
infantry into Sebastopol. Lieutenant Hoare, in his
Lancaster Battery, had prepared a parting volley for
both. He removed his gabions and sandbags, got a good
" open " on the road, and whenever a body of men or
horses came in view upon it, bang went the long fellow,
and the ponderous conelof iron whistled among them, rip-
ping the column from end to end, and strewing the road
with dead. . .

Lieutenant-Colonel Dickson was assisted in his exer-
tions by Captain D'Aguilar and Lieutenant Chermside,
and no less than 17 gunners were struck down beside and
close to him at the guns. The Horse Artillery were net
engaged. Captain Turner and Captain Wodehouso did
good service with their batteries. By the death of Briga-
dier-General Strangways the command of the Artillery
devolves upon Colonel Dacres. Colonel Patten, of the
74th Regiment, who accompanied Lord Raglan's staff as
an amateur on the day of the Alma, acted on this occa-
sion as aide•de-camp to Brigadier-General Strangways till
the latter was mortally wounded.
The revolvers carried by our officers saved their lives on
several occasions this day. When Captain Nicholson, of
the 77th, was lying on the ground he was bayonetted by a
Russian. The Colonel immediately shot the scoundrel
dead. Ensign Butts, of the 77th, was taken prisoner by a
Russian, who made him hide himself in the bush as his
regiment went past, by keeping his cocked firelock to his
head. The young feliow watched his chance, and shot
him dead with his revolver, getting off in safety to rejeiu
his regiment. No doubt there will be abundance of pri-
vate letters full of similar details. Our men were very
short of ammunition. The Guards in particular expended
all theirs very soon. What was the cause of this ? They
surely did not fire their 50 rounds a man.

Great exertions were used this evening to get our
wounded into hospital, and the Ambulance corps did geed
service. The wounded of the Light Division, under charge
of Dr. Alexander, were under cover by 11 o'clock, and all
operations performed. In the 4th Division hospital,
under Dr. Anderson, all patients were in bed and had
each a cup of tea by eight o'clock, and the operations
wore over early the following day.
Dr. Smith's letter has filled us with astonishment.
Surely he must know that there is net a regiment
out here with three surgeons for duty. The slowness with
which vacancies aro filled up at home is a great evil. One
case in point is worth a week's writing. Dr. Chapman went
home about the end of May. The vacancy was not filled
atp till October. Bad economy, Dr. Smith. The succes-
sor to Dr. Chapman has only just come out here, and either
he is now de trop, or he ought to have been here long ago.
NOVEMBER, 6.
Parties of men were out late last night and early this
morning searching the hillside for wounded men and pri-
soners. Several wounded Guardsmen were not found till
thi4 morning and afternoon in the places where they had
rolled down among the bushes in their struggles with the
enemy.
From a prisoner whom we examined to-day I gleaned
some interesting particulars respecting the formation of
the Russian army. The man was not very " bright," but
ha told the truth according to the light that was in him,
and I believe the statements he made were tolerably cor-
rect. It had long been a puzzle to ignorant people like
ourselves why the Russian soldiers had numbers on their
shoulder-straps different from those on their buttons or on
their caps. In recording my observations on the appoint-
ments of the men killed at the Alma, I remarked, it may
be remembered, that certain " regiments" were present,
judging by the shoulder-straps. It will appear that these
numbers referred not to reg. ments, but to divi-ions. So
let our Pole—he is a deserter—one of the few who came in
lately, speak for himself through an interpreter :—" What
does the number on the strap on your shoulder indicate?"
—" It is No. 16. It shows that I belong to the 16th Divi-
sion of the army." " Who commands it ?"—" I don't know
—a General." " What does the number 31 on your buttons
mean r-lt means that I belong to polk 31, of the 16th
Division." What does the number 7on your cap, with 1'
after it, mean r —lt indicates that I belong to the 7th rota
of the polk." " What does a rota mean ?"—"lt means a
company of 250 men." "How many rotas are in a polk?"
" There are 16 rotas in each polk." " And how many polks
are in a division?"—" There are four polks in a division."
"If that is so, why have you 31 on your buttons ?" (A
pause, a stupid look.)—" I don't know." Finding our
friend was getting into that helpless state of confusion into
which the first glimpses of decimal fractions are wont to
plunge the youthful arithmetician, we left him. Now let
us combine our information, and see what, according to
this Polish authority, a Russian division consists of. It
stands thus :-
1 Rota equal to 250 men.
16 Rotas „ 1 polk equal to 4,000 „
4 Yolks „ 1 division „ 16,000 „
To this add cavalry and artillery 4,000 „

Total .... 20,000
In going over the field of battle on Monday, I observed
the following numbers on the shoulder straps of the men, or
in other words, there were men there belonging to the dif-
ferent divisions indicated thus :-2, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20,
21, 22, 33, 34, 51. This, of course, gives no information
with respect to the numbers engaged in the action of the
sth against our little force, but it proves what exertions
Russia has made to collect her forces against us. Had the
divisions represented by the numbers given above been
complete, we should have had an army of 240,050 men
against us. Again, it is very remarkable that we do not
find in our enemy's army of the sth of Nov. many of the
divisions which fought against us on the 20th of Septem-
ber. Where was the 32d division, with which we were
principally concerned in the bloody charge up to the bat-
tery on the hill at the Alma? Where was the 12th, 31st,
and 18th divisions on the sth of November? They were
present at the Alma, but they were not present at Inker-
man. The only divisions which I recognised as old enemies
of the Alma were the 11th and 17th, and considerable num-
bers of both of these fell at Inkerman. The prisoners tell
us that they belong to the army of Wallachia—they are
the men that were beaten before Silistria, and it is
the highest encomium on the Turks to say that these
were tie men who could not drive them back at
Oltenitza or beat them out of Arab Tabia. Such a differ-
ence between the soldiers of the Sultan in the Crimea and
on the banks of the Danube can only be accounted for by
the different qualities of their leaders. They have no
Omer Pasha here, and without confidence in their Generals
the Turks will not fight.
The Russian Generals who are here, according to the
statements of the prisoners and deserters, are Monschikoff,
Gortschakoff, Osten-Sackeu,* Luders,* Villebois,± Li-
prandi,-1- Lewtsky, Dannenberg,t Soinionoff, Pauloff,t
Zalif kin. Tho last-named General was killed early in the
day. Two other Generals were wounded.
The men resembled those we met at the Alma, and
were clad and armed in the same way. We saw no in-
fantry with helmets, however, and our soldiers were dis-
appointed to find the Russians had, in most cases, come
out without their knapsacks. Their persons were very
cleanly, and the whiteness of their faces and of their feet
was rernakable. Few of them had socks on, and the
marauders, who ever prowl over a battle-field, had re-
moved their boots whenever they were worth taking. Our
soldiers and sailors, as well as the French, look out. with
aridity for a good pair of Russian beets, and are quite
adepts in fitting themselves to a nicety by their simple
mode of measurement. Many of the men had silver medals
and ribands striped green and white for " the campaign of

The statements of the prisoners respecting the Generals
marked thus * differed. Sonic said they have arrived ; others
that they have not yet come, but that they are expected.
The names marked thus t will be recognised, I think, as
those of Generals who were in the Principalities.