The Sun.
London, England, 1853-03-28 00:00:00

DEATH OF CHEVALIER KESTNER.

'On the sth inst., died at Rome, in his 76th year,
Chevalier Kestner, late Hanoverian Minister at the
Pontifical Court. During a residence of more than 40
years in that city, he had justly become the favourite of
the English residents and visitors. Although he never
received the slightest remuneration from England, he
had,' even after the place of Hanoverian Minister at
Rome was abolished in 1848, performed in the absence
of an. English resident all those ,acts of courtesy. and
kindness for which foreigners generally look to. the re-
presentatiies of their own Government. We are sure,
therefore, that the intelligence of his death will find a
response in many an English heart. Augustus Kestner
is known to the English literary public by different essays
on the-fine arts, in particular by a small but highlyinstruc-
tive volume on painting, most ably translated by Sir Chas.
Eastlake. Himself a distinguished draughtsman and a
practised painter, he possessed a profound knowledge of
the arts, both ancient and modern 2 and a keen sense of
classical beauty, which had been sharpened to an almost
instinctive tact. To him is owing, for the most part, the
formation of the best collection of casts of antique gems
—that published by the Instituto Archeologico, of.which
he was one of the founders .and distinguished function-
aries, and at tfie sittings. of whiCh he regularly presided
for many years, He also po.esessed a choice collection
of works of art—Egyptian,.Greek, Etruscan, Roman—
including medals,. gems, cameos, bronzes, °vases, and a
considerable number of choice,pictures of-the historical
Italian school, and engravings, which formed together
the Nuseupa Kestnerianum. He had all but finished an
accurate catalogue of this museum,. which, we believe, be
. _

has witlra noble patriotism left:to the University of his
native country,• the illustrious Georgia AuguAa (Gottin-
gen), and which would do honour to any princely collection:
4.s he delighted in drawing and painting; so he was not
only aiinthiisiaatic •admirer of true music, but` himself a
glimpser.. . In, short, he combined
_in . his person a
rare eminence in almost every branch of the fine
arts, being: at the same time :an: accomplished: man, of
business, and well acquainted with the duties of his own
profession, which he ennobled by sincerity,. truthfulness,
and unflinching, moral. courage. Itut his highest and
rarest merit was his universal kindness and his faithful
friendship, .his
_childlike sold, his pure and spotless cha-
racter, 'and his enthusiasm for everything which elevates
humanity and, adorns, society..: As :his whole life; so his
death was placid. He received the intelligence that a
cold, ivhi4l seemed notto present any dangerous. symp-
tom, had suddenly become fatal by• w paralysis of the
lungs,.and, left him only a few hours of earthly exist-
ence the faith of .a Christian who lives in peace
!with !,God and man, and with the fortitude of a truly
philosophical and spiritual mind. r He seht messages of
'love to his, friends,: spoke words of kindness to his de
'solate clemestics,and attendants, ordered his simple epic
t3ph, 'took leave of all around him, fixedlis.mind upon
eternity, and died without a 4 struggle or 'a sigh. He
leaves behind him. ready ,to -appear in print a -volume of
the highest interest for the history of:one of the greatest
men pf • genius,. ,of modern times, of Goethe----.the
noble.correspondence :of the poet-with Kestner's father
tri the years 1772 and 1773 (the period of Glitz and of
Loust), before and-After the marriage of Kestner with
otte, .;the level y; original of that poetical creatien,
Werther's' Lotte. :This correspondence' does as ranch
honour to human nature in general as to the three
.
cipal peraons concerned in mit -particular, and ought' to'
have been published long since.. Measures ha;ve been
taken, to secure an English translation of these precious
relies, with such notes and illustrations as aruabsolutely
necessary for their being understood by the present gene--
ration.:i ; • . . ,
Kestner's death leaves a blank in the European society
ofltome ; the artista of all nations lose in him a faithful
heart, for to them that heart belonged.
wo rsbi ppe r or
rparticularretted
Golmafnatahrteri,ss innwiho et
a generallyh loss of his place only because it deprived him of the
fevgeernedius and ;tiwbei
means f assisting themin 'the same measure' as before.
Rig friends all over the world, lose in him the kindest
and most devoted,
,

ANOTHER ARRIVAL FROM THE Diamos.-:-.4beut 16
Years 'ago a man named "Jack Jones," of Wells, 'Was,
tried at the Somerset quarter sessions before Mr.
for breaking into a barn in Back-lane, and stealing
wheat. He was sentenced to transportation for life,
Strange to say, he reappeared in Wells, on Saturday
last, to the astonishment of everybody, bringing a num-.
her 'of boxes and packages, with higgage, dre. He states
that lie was transported to NeW South Wales, where he
served faithfully for seven years to a master, Whfch made
hini free of the colony. Afterwards he engaged with 'a
to 'go to Sydney, at regular wages and his
food, and from thence he took a vessel for Port Philip,
Where ho had a long illness. He then started for 'the
diggings, and was amongst the earlieSt arrivals there.
Here he accumulated a large quantity of gold, and de-
termined to return to England with it, and reached
London about a fortnight ago. He stayed a week in
the metropolis, converted his gold into cash, and arrived
in Wells on Saturday, where he found his wife and
faMily all well. It is reported that he has brought borne
a large sum of money. It is remembered that, . when
the sentence was passed upon him, he told Mr. Miles
publicly in court, that if he ever returned to his country
he would bring him .a monkey, and we understand that
he has actually kept.his word. •
PRINTING-OFFICES IN PARIS.— From a work recently
published it appears that the number of printing-offices
in Paris,' including the Imperial-office' those of the
Ministry of Justice, the Mint (for the Post-office stamps),
the Bank, and the principal journals, is 94, in which are
emplyed 2,526 compositors, 743'presa-men, 152 machine-
men, and 160 Correctors, These numbers would be con-
siderably,angnented if there were OW the Workmen ;
which •are'in- as-irthAnier'deiSendetneen priiiting, 'WIT as'
letter-founders, stereotypers, press and machine-makers,
paper-makers, ink-makers, eta. The Imperial printing-
office alone employs 144 compositors, 193 press-men, 12
correctors, and 4 machine-men. There is Only one other
office which employ more than 100 compositors.

-SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

RIGHTS OF' 'AUTHORS.
( Frdm the Times.)
The time .has at length arrived when the legiti-
mate riglits'of authors who use the English lan-
guage in the composition of their works are about
to be recognised on either side of the Atlantic. The
solution of this.question did not involve any great
difficulty'in theory or in detail • it simply required
a little exertion of common policy, common • sense,
and, above all, common honesty. We have never
urged the matter with any great affectation of zeal,
not because we did not sympathise with the victims
of the fraud, but because we were profoundly con-
vinced of the inutility of remonstrance. We were
well aware that a time must come, and it has come
at last, when men of letters in the United States
would feel the wholesale system of • literary piracy
tell against themselves with terrible effect. The
statement may be permitted without involving any
disparagement of those illustrious names which al-
ready adorn the literary Pantheon of the United
States, but it was scarcely possible for American
authors, when placed under commercial disadvan-
tage; to carry on a successfUl contest against their
English contemporaries. Why should travellers
on the railroads of the United States pay two dol-
-1 lars for the productions even of Prescott, Bancroft,
Bryan, or WaShington Irving, when :they could
purchase for half or a quarter of the sum the works
of Grote, Macaulay, Byron, or Dickens ? that
an American publisher required for his 'stock in
trade consisted of a few reaina of dirty paper, a few
forms of bad type; and consummate dismard of
the rights of authors. His MS. came to hand with-
out the ,delays or annoyance of negotiation—witht
out the expenditure of a single cent. We are, a
course, fully aware of all the shifts to which authors
and owners of copyright hive had recourse for the pro-
tection of -their property, but all was in vain. SO
long as the New York publishers chose to persist
in their evil courses-=in other words, so long as
their acts received countenance from the Govern-
ment and population of the States, it was impossi-
ble for English authors or-their assignees to stem
the stream. The arguments in favour of the pirati-
cal act were just such as would find favour with
the rough go-ahead population of a new country.
In the. first place, there was the feeling •of spoiling
the Amalekites, and of driving, a sharp bargain,
which was something. Then the question might
be asked, why should they pay at the rate of one
shilling a number for one of Mr. Dickens's monthly
numbers, when one of their own publishers would
serve them up a dirty reprint of the same matter
at about one quarter of the cost ? How was the
English author hurt because the American reader
was benefitted ? Why take science and literature
out of the ordinary categories of commerce ? Poetry
and breadstuftk astronomy and molasses, are, after
all, much the same thing in the eyes of a commer-
cial man. Or, even granting that English•authors
might in some degree not exactly be injured, but
might not receive the same full measure of benefit
as though they had enjoyed the run of the Ameri-
can markets,—what then ? The English might
surely make reprisals on the literature of the United
States, and'. so matters :would get straight in the
long run. Throughout the long and frequent dis-
cussions that have taken place upon this subject,
we cannot call to mind that the disputants on the
side of the Union have ever used arguments more
pertinent than those mentioned above. They did
not foresee that a time might come when the case
would not simply be as though a Highland gentle-
man should filch his neighbour's trousers, and com-
placently invite him to reprisal. It has now as-
sumed other proportions. The poor man is setting
up as .a gentleman himself, and finds himself
brought into competition with the, possessors of in-
herited fortunes, who meet him at every turn upon
his own ground, without aiy necessity for paying
talc or quit-rent, or any other of the fiscal burdens
against which he is called upon to contend.

This, in point of fact, hasbeen the result of what
cannot be considered in any other light than as an
act of great national dishonesty. The works of
American authors have been smothered under the
works of English authors in the American markets.
The first could .fix a price upon their productions
—the second 'were as castaways upon 'the sea-board
of the United States. Their property was in the
hands of the "Wreckeri." They were without
remedy or redress. But, not only did this whole-
sale system of piracy most injuriously affect the
interests of living American authors, but it had a
tendency to dwarf down the original literature of
the United States to the most servile copyism, and
to check the development of the national mind. If
citizens of the great republic made up their minds
to grow corn and smuggle science—to export cot-
ton and import literature--why, they must abide
by the consequences of their own. act. Growera of
corn and exporters of cotton they must remain to
the end 'of the chapter. •No doubt they would
drive a more thriving trade in the enumerated
articleS Cie. more completely . they rivetted their
attention to the -production of raw produce alone ;
but if it was their wish to rise in the' scale of
nations—to rise 'as nations have risen which have'
given birth, to great philosophers, and poets, and
historians-.—then every measure which could encour-
age .original thought and original taste—taste pure
and racy of the soil—was worthy. of their serious
;attention. Certainly the act, of overlaying Ameri-
can-genius by-English -geithis Was not a very wise
measure in this direction.
,American literature
Ilias already paida heavy penalty. for this act
of intellectnal. cowardice, not to say of moral
turpitude. Take the essayists, and ; poets, and
novelists of the . United States powerful and'
exquisite. as ,many of ,their cempesitions un-
rdoubtedly are; and see'if their thought And diction-
do not run in' English moUld;:. 'We find in them,
no doubt; many: llusionS to' freedom; to the glory ,
pf their future,- and' So forth.; Which- are thenatnral.
consequence of the extraordinary history, and posi-,
ti,on of 'their country; ' but we do not find
nality of thoUght as we find it-in the literature of
Germany; Or France, or Italy, as compared with,
inir own.. Nor can we for a moment permit it to be
be said that
.no such originality is to' be looked for
because American and ' English -Outliers use the
Sanie language, study the same models, and are of a:
common: descent: We reply, Enttlish iterature at,
the Elizabethan era is one thing, English literature'
in- the feign 'of Anne quite another. In the. begin-
ningof -the- present century and ttioughout the,
Regency the literary productions ofthe period differ
widely in sentiment and o_pinionlrom those of the
present '46,5,. Now we have aright' to expect that
an author whois j:i•ronght up the citizen of a re-;
pUblic' should write in a different tone from the
Subject
.of a. mixed monarchy ; and that a New
tOrk novelist should regard the world ina different
poiAt of •view from his London contemporary.
Illustrious;. we repeat 'it,' as are the names of:the
American authors Which We'haVii already Cited, we
tell them' that they have' riot- thrimin Off English
swaddling 'clothes. As EndliSh authors, they, might
occupy a distinguished place in EngliSh literature,
but they have not yet made proof of nationality.
When. tliAt `Otiii work lately reached us.whichL
smacked so strongly of American feeling and opi-
nion how ;.it ran througly'Europe‘ like wildfire !
Well, then, there is to be a treaty at last Upen
this subject, by which English and American
authors are to enjoy eqUal privilekes of copyright;
respectively; in England`and in the United States.
It will be bright spot in the history of; the'
late
Daniel Webster' have that his biographer will to
record; that nearly hia last act before the illness
which terminated fatally was the execution of that.
treaty. HO and Mr. Crampton signed for their
respective .Governments. The treaty was trans-
mitted to England for approval, which; it received
as a matter of eourse, and has now been sent back
to America, where it formally remains once more
under the consideration of Mr. Everett and Mr.
Crampton. In point of fact, it does but await the
ratification of the. Senate; the body which, in
America, is constitutionally charged with the duty
of final sanction in such matters. We look for-
ward with the greatest satisfaction to the moment
when the treaty will become law, not only because
the measure will act most beneficially on the inte-
rests of English authors—for it is no light matter
wt o ehi rch egoentthaei inrs public byt phea
English opulat i
ao
vneorfa
e 5 ,
(000,f r
e, Oa° Od -
ers—but because we are unfeignedly of opinion
that the cause of literature and science—in other
words, the cause of intellectual progress in the
United States—will derive the greatest advantage
from this tardy act of justice. We doubt not that
as brilliant and glorious a destiny awaits the United
States in these respects as in all others. Let
American. authorS feel assured that we shall be the
first to glory in their success.

CORPORATION OF LONDON.
(Prowthe Morning Herald.)'
When a few days ago we referred to the pro-
posal of tlie Times to incorporate the whole•ofj:thifi.
vast metropolis into one gigantic
framed upon the inedei of the Municipal Corpora-
tion Act—we were, our readers may remember,
disposed to treat the matter as a jest. We re-
garded; in truth; the proposition as intended only

as an eibuSe for giving• currency to a little of that •
smart spiteffilness which,. for ,_some unexplained L,
reason, our contemporary indulges,upon all occa-
sions against the municipal authorities of the City.
We fancied we had arrived at the depth of the
project when we found that it furnished an excuse
for calling the City of London " the scandal and
nuisance of the British metropolis," and for pro-
pounding the startling statement that, "to have
anything to do with the City of London was a dis-
grace !" Nay, we believed the writer might have
been tempted to the discussion of the plan by the
opportunity of uttering the marvellous pleasantry
that the City was " but five per cent. of London,"
a pleasantry which we cannot help thinking, oddly
enough, betrayed the origin of the article. There
is but little difficulty in guessing the sort of people
who, even in their witticisms and civic speculations,
can think of nothing bit the " rate per cent."
A second article in the colunin.s of our contem-
porary, on Saturday, induces us to suspect that
we may have dealt too lightly with this wild and
mischievous project. The article is obviously in-
tended, although with commendable diFicretion
it does not profess to be a reply to our
former remarks. It not only reiterates the pro-
posal, but with an amazing recklessness of asser-
tion, declares that public opinion has already de-
termined that it shall be carried into effect ! Public
opinion resolved that the corporation of London is
to be destroyed, and all the district within three
miles of St. Paul's constituted into a metropolitan
corporation !! ! This certainly is startling intel-
ligence to those who, up to Thursday last, had
iiever—known that such a project was so much
as thought of. On Saturday, our contemporary tells
the corporation of the City that it isquite useless for
them to.entertain plans of self-reform. " The
• public care nothing for their mayor, their alder-
men, their bye-laWs, their common council, their
festivals, and their jobs." The only thing for the
poor corporation is to eat, drink, and be merry,
for their doom is inevitable and at hand. "It is
not the reform, but the abolition of the corporation
which public opinion requires, and a substitution
in their place of a body representing, according to
the regulations of one of the most successful pieces
of modern legislation—the Municipal Reform Act
—that vast mass of wealth, intelligence, and popu-
lation, which is to_ be found within three miles of
St. Paul's." The writer then proceeds to advocate
the rights of the people of Chelsea, Southwark,
Finsbury, and the Tower Hamlets, to form a por-
tion of a great metropolitan municipality, and
winds up with an oracular announcement that the
corporation of London is " to leave reform to those
who have ,the power of carrying it out, and who
are not for the first time awakening to its neces
city."

Considering the demi-official character which
sometimes attaches to statements in the Times, we
protest we think that those interested in this mat-
ter have a right .to be informed who are the per-
sons for whom the Government journalist vouches
as " having the power " of effecting this change,
" and not now for the first time awakened to its
necessity." Are we to understand these words as
an official intimation that: this preposterous mis-
chief is really thought of by men in power, and
that among the promised blessings which are in due
time to issue from the Cabinet of contradictions,
we may reckon the scheme of destroying all the
ancient rights of the citizens of London, and estab-
lishing upon their ruins a municipal nuisance in
which the very refuse and scum of the lanes and
alleys of this great metropolis may, under the pre-
tence of a corporation, lord it over its wealth, its
intelligence, and its respectability. We will not go
the length of saying that such a plan is as yet depo-
sited in any of the pigeon-holes of the office of
Woods and Forests ; yet, when we remember the
utter dependence of the present wretched Ministry
upon that conspiracy of Jew brokers and money
jobbers which the Times so faithfully serves—the
only interest from which, through all its marvellous
gyrations, it has never swerved, and when "we re-
collect, moreover, that such a scheme would pro-
bably belong to that department which is presided
over by that walking impersonation of all crude
and radical theories, who represents the respectable
borough of Southwark, we feel bound to call the
serious attention, not only of those intrusted with
the defence of the privileges of the City, but of all
the dwellers " within three miles round St.
Paul's," to a plan which, in spite of its palpable
absurdity, we can no longer say is not seriously
threatened.

We say nothing at present of the wisdom and
justice of the coolly-proposed destruction of the
ancient and immemorial rights which belong to the
citizens of London. Bold, indeed, will be the man
who will proposed by a summary act of Confiscation
to deal with all the various and complicated inte-
rests and properties which are -bound up in the
aggregate that forms the municipality of that City.
But let us ask, in the name of Heaven, what offence
has been committed by the_ peaceful inhabitants of
the thousands of streets and squares in which men
now dwell:at their ease, that they are-to-be'eursed
with incorporation into all the turmoil and.teia-
tien of a de,mocratic municipality, regulated upon.
the model of the Reform Act.? . Let us imagine, if
we' can, the, whole district extending :three miles in
every direction train St. Paul's—let us imagine,,
we say, this district, With all its' various classes and
kinds of population, divided; 'it mayy be; into some
thirty or fifty wards,- the M. householders Of each
ward electing their quota of representatives to a
Monster common .council, and. that common council
affecting to represent the ?pinions of the metropolis,
and More than this,- appointing its inagistrates, en-
aCtingits bye-lairs, and levying its taxes over every
street and square within the limits we' have men-
tioned. Feebly and inadequately it expresses the
monstrosity: of such a proceeding to say that it would
constitute Shoreditch the ruler of Belgravia, and.
make Whitechapel and St. Giles's give laws. to ;Port-
Man-square. Even if its vast extent did not forbid, it
to apply it to a-Metropolis like LondOn; the prinoiple.
of a municipal act would be at Once an absiirdity and
an injustice.. The Seat of Government, Ili& Legis-
lature; and the, courts .of law:: must of necessity
attract Or compel a 'class- of residents, who never
ought to, be treated as fit objects for such a munici-
palitY as is fairly established in provincial towns.
The cbmitry gentlethan or the nobleman whose Par-
llamentary duties, or the attractions of the Court,
'induce him to take-a residence lin=toridon; ought
not,. therefore, to ,be aeized..on .aired compelled to' be
a bniges4 by Virtue of a citizenship such as,this.
The professional man ought not, to be Subjected to
the 'control of a municipality with ,which he, has no
Seeling'and pursuit in common. 'Could the pro-
ject he carried' there would'be qvards at one end of
the 'City composed of districts of the Very existence
of which, the burgesses at the, other 'end' had never '
heard„: So far from there;being, unity of :interest or
'sympathy of feeling, it would not. be possible: to
name two towns in the same country $o utterly
separate"and dissiinilar as 'are the diStriets round
the Toiver and 'Belgrave-Slivare. TM' 'Object of
uraing them- in :one system of 'raniiicipal covern-
ment,is too absurd, o be seriously discussed'.
IThis is, not all. The perverse ingenuity 'of man
coUld not devise a more intolerable nuisance•than,
such a"COrpbration, were it, possible to construct it,
would be sure to prove. In two-thirds of the
wards into which it would be possible to divide the
metropolis the .r very lowest' °lasi Of •:honseholders
would bear absolute sway. Too unwieldy for every-
thing ,but mischief,: such a body. could . not even '
attempt to discharge
.any ene..raunicipal :function.
except by dividing itself into local sections, each of
which would contain the concentrated essence of
those "nests of robbers," as' the Times has, with
adore truth: han politeness, designated our Radical
vestries.. .In its united capacity it would reserve
itself for political follies on a grand-scale, and those
gigantic jobberies,,the anticipated plunder of which
has probably recommended the scheme to those
gentlemen who are thinking of the rate per cent.
'We feel as if we have waSted time in seriously
discussing this subject. We may, perhaps, expect
the project of the great metropolitan corporation
to be brought forward along with one to re-enact
the Heptarchy, and establish over England seven
kingdoms tributary to the Crown. The one pro-
pcisal we believe to be about as rational and as
ardother.
by
an Na
ue
be ro tr
teyl elsi sk, e Ivbhee nit
Times, i s
andgP rmabv eaplbuyl putte as
fot rh forward
forward,
too, with a not very equivocal
hint, that those who have the power to pass it are
ready to adept this most absurd and revolutionary
prOject—it may not be amiss that, once for all, we
should hold up its folly and its wickedness to pub-
lic' ridicule and contempt.

THE JEW BILL.
(From the Weekly' Dispatch.) '
five think we have made a discovery—which is.
not an invention: Our contemporary, the Morning
Advertiser, who is somewhat clever at detecting
in4re's nests, or imparting to its readers iigo_rtpat
intelligence, from what it calls "exclusive sour6es"
—the said intelligence generally turning out to be
a bottle of smoke—our respectable friend, we ob-
serve, announces that Mr. Disraeli has resigned the
leadership of the Opposition, and that he is to make
a formal declaration to that effect after Easter,

~
-Well, asa Ettopped'eleck is certain tolell the time
correctly ; nce in every 'twelve hours, we think it
very likely that our neighbour's lucky hour has
come round, in reference to this announcement.
We have observed that the ex-Chancellor of the
ExChequer has been very moody of late. We can-
not say he has been sulky, because no man of genius
is ever so. But he has been in a state of solitary
contemplation and unwonted taciturnitymoping,
like Gray's owl, and mentally complaining—
Of such as, wandering near his secret bower,
Molest his ancient solitary reign. -
First, he has had competitors for his berth—then,
we suspect, . a virtual successor. The fact is Sir
R. H. Inglis is endeavouring to believe himself
into the assurance (consummate as that may
be), that he is leader Of the Oppogition. On
him has fallen the luck of having chosen the field
of -" battle- of the, constitution:".' Whatever he op-
poses is . opposed. by the Opposition, Whether by
chance, or by design, he has t awakened and found
himself famous." Formerly lie brought : up, the
rear of 'faction. Now he leads its van. The reason
is this : Protection is dead, buried; and Condemned
to Fiddler's Green. There is no 'longer "a good
cry." Tories are without 'a cause=without even a
theory.. Before the Reform Billovhen the mon-
archy was something, and the aristocracy all in all,
they had a budget of principles.. They fought for
the prerogatives of the Crown—they' defended the
privileges of the oligarchical institution—they re-
sisted the encroachments of democracy. Later—
when the Reform Bill swept away all theseerotchets
—they fell-back upon the patronage of great inte-
rests, as, contradistinguished from the general weal
pof the üblic. But these have. been broken, down
one by one, by the irresistible progress of common
sense and common honesty ; and especially by the
growth of a great population,'dependent upon none
of those patent privileges of public plunder; Cor-
ruption has been bereaved of its clients by the
besom of destruction and the new broom of reform.
The sugar-hogshead party care nothing ,now for
that factious sympathy which is impotent, either
to bring ' back slavery to • the West Indies, or a
differential duty' in favour of Jamaica. -Canada
has lost. its timber tax, and its preferential privi-
leges in the shape of protection to its flour and
grain. It cares nothing for champions who only
bewail without restoring it against the loss of its
10s. a barrel and 24 per load.. The shipping ja-
terest hears volunteer friends prophesying its ruin
from the repeal of the navightion laws, and' lainent-
ing the destruction of the ' " nursery for British
seamen." But it - also finds practically that the
navigation _ laws . are abolished—that there is no
chance of their restoratien, and that it is wiser to
make the best of a free trade than to,dissipate its
energies upon the vain, 'regrets of faction—and so
Mr. G. F. Young has - retired to Switzerland.:
Nay, even the - farming and landed interests have
become tired -of jeremiads' over the depression of
British agriculture and the discouragement of na-
tive industry, in the face of a. steady market and a
universal rise of wages, and display a disposition to
disown Derby and Newdegate—just as respectable
men who haVe been betrayed at night into the
Coal Hole, in the Strand, cut ' their scurvy
companions when they- meet—them in the - so-
briety of the morning streets.: A large (cer-
tainly not a great), party suddenly finds itself
without a cause, without principles, without
clients, without a grievance, except that of having
nothing to complain of. What the deuce is it to
do ? It fills the Opposition -benches,
‘." as well as
better men." It is, indeed, but :" an alligator
stuffed"—a " beggarly account of empty boxei ;"
but is not yet " thinly scattered to make up a
show." It has " very good friends," although no
longer "an excellent plot." , Nobody will have it—
nobody will take it into its' service. The Crown
endured its infliction. only' as a. transitory Make-
shift ; the people submitted to its interference
merely that they' might not be absolutely without
a Government. It coheres simply by the 'repulsion
of every other interest in the State, and if it can-
not find clients, it must make them. It rattles the
dice—it posts it last stake—it gambles for power on
the purse of the Church. Yes—that is literally its
last trump' card, and it plays it badly. The Jew
Bill has served it for one week—the Clergy Re-
serves Bill has found it in talk for another—it has
spoken against time to prolong the postponement
of the final decision of the House upon the third
reading of the former measure. In short, it has
dwindled into a mere Church party—a purely
ecclesiastical opposition representing not the
country, but the prejudices of the bishops—not
the great -interests of the British people, but
the pickings, and peculations of a sordid hierarchy.
We witnessed the discussion in committee of the
Canada Clergy Reserves Bill. Sir,R. Inglis assumed
the most prominent position. Thesiger, Napier,
Walpole, Pakington, minimised the matter into a
squabble about commas, dots, and parentheses.
They so trifled with the time and patience of the
house, that Ministers at last scarcely deigned to
notice or -to answer them. • But ten o'clock came.
They had thereby tided,, over the other Church
question until after Easter—and so apparently they
felt they ' " had done the State_soine service."
Well, :the "Ides of March will Come,' and We trust ,
the country will. make upits inind`to put an end to
this miserable faction and 'its nonsense. The JeW
Bill must be made law—that's flat. If it were for
no other reason than. that the, Commons: have re-
peatedly passed it, their, will must net again be.
trifled with. Self-tespect, a dceent regard. for 'the
rights of their constituents, demand that they
i should no longer tolerate the lordly veto Upon that
which • has for i upwards Of twenty years, and 'by
large majorities, been again and -again asserted as
the voice of the nation and-Of
,its constitutional -re-
presentatives. We must pot any: more-be fobbed.,
off with soPhisms in place:of reasons ; orteheated
out of 'our resolves by mean prejudices' clinesily
disguised in pretendedpatriotism; and the conceited
malignity- of bigotry: passed off it,Fi 'zeal fors religion.
We do not believe that the causes assigned are-the
real,grounds of
,opposition to the measure.. We en-
counter a resistance on false pretences, No Dissenters,
no Catholics, hesitate to admit tlae Jews to the rights,
of citizenship: The Church party alene would bar
-the doors' against them—and in their Secret hearts
.they would, on the same griitinds; shut the gates of
the, constitution in.-the faces ,of the - Papists; -66-
Presbyterians,- : and the other Dissenting . sects:
'These are too numerous and. too powerfulth, bekept
out-=that is 'all. The Jew,. on, the other hand, ,like
'the 'charity 134, may be "licict.trelr persecuted, be-
cause he is weak, and '.4 has fib 'friends';" SuSt look
at the paltrreircuses .that rare! Urged' fel- WC' being
kept out•on the wrong side of thet pale dr Ithi3 Con-
stitution. , The, chief is,, . that his admission will
' 4 Unehristianise the ,Legislature. 7, , -If -cf a !little
leaven," as Thesiger 'pleaded,,," leavens ,the ;whole
lump, " tie question conies to be, ;whiph is, the
dough; arid idLieli`the yeast?"' The Jews. are called
:exclusive; set +Apart, a peculiar 'people. : If they
manifest a disposition' to mingle with is, to identify
themselves, with our institutions, -to enter into our
habits, customs,, laws, business, isto it not infinitely
-nioie true :'that; by the intercourse 'which:, the
Hebrew people , hold . with Gentiles, we . are, Christ
tianising the Jew, than that the Jew is unchristian.-
ising IA ? Again—if, by the repeal 'of the Jew oath
in the case only-of Jews, We' are unchristianising
the. Legislature, twe have already 'dispen'sed'' with
the obnoxious- words in the case of the Papists.'
Have we unprotestantised ,the Legislature ;by. 'the
Catholic . oath, .or disestablished . the Episcopal -
'ChUrch by the repeal of the TeCt and Corporation.
Acts l' We do not care which' answer we receive
to these questions. . If Parliament is still:Protes-
tant, notwithstanding the Catholic Relief Oath, it
will still be Christian, although it does not ask a•
Jew to swear to the New Testament. if the Church
be still established and united.to the State, not-
withstanding, the removal of Diasenting disabilities,
then is Christianity a "part and parcel of the law
of the land, although the Hebrews are no longer
robbed of their rights in the name' of religion. Al
on the contrary, the status of Protestantism '
an
of: the Church was destroyed by the Catholic
andcl
Dissenting Relief Bills, then there is no longer any
pretext for pleading a national faith for exclusive-
ness in political rights. Then it is gravely urged
that Jews, from the very nature of theairelieligion,
have no identity of feeling or interest with the
nations among whom they
settle
thoughts and " faces are turned —that their
towards Jeru-
salemi "—that they are a nation within them-
selves, with Syria for their fatherland, and that
their mind and heart can never undergo the
prixess of assimilation into theAelintls in
thSy! may happen to be born. I fanciful
cr tchet of sentimental Churchmen'
i which
pe pie from:the enjoymentvwholee
s o f
cit zenship ! -What do with that senti-
of itsnisprteorobgaartai
have we
me)at 1 The idea of Baron Rothschild pining for
Jetusalem, is about as feasible as that of Sir, James
Diglco dying for Forfar ; Sir Peter taurie or Sir
41,,Pin 'e foi Edinburgh-. or Mr: 'Hunie for Mon-
trope ; Sir John Romilly, La,
Tent Or Le Marchant,
Le Fevre, Labouchere for Paris ; or the Barings
or Bentincks for Amsterdam. Look at the pharisaic

disingenuousness of this pretext. The sneaking
hypocrites who make it are quite satisfied to take
an oath from the Catholic that he will do nothing

hurt Protestantism ; from the Dissenter, that
he will abstain from all-opposition to the Established
''Cburch';. from the Jacobin' that be will:uphold the
Hanoverian succession—and yet they affect to be-
I lieve that no oath.will bind the people who, of all
others, gp,the most tenacious of oaths, to promote
the interest of the country in which they and their
ancestors were bred, born, and have ~their- sole
'-' means of living, , because they have slonging for
Jerusalem,:and: pine for 'Syria: We Might, indeed,
! suggest that the
,elects s. might 14 safely left to
'Tea IVith-thiS part of the candidate's predilec-
tions. There are many rich and travelled Jews
—but they don't go to Palestine. Even Sir Moses
Montefiore, when he makes a trip to the-Holy City,
takes very good care to come back again to Rams-
gate. _ In fact, the whole affected difficulty of the
Church Parliamentary flunkeyhood on this point is
mere execrable fudge. If there were anything
real in it, why do they not go much further ? A
senator witliout patriotism is surely infinitely less
dangerous to the constitution than an active enemy
to its leading features. Why are not Republicans
excluded from Parliament by a monarchical oath,
or democrats by an oligarchical confession ? These
are real perils, but they are left, with a thousand
other particulars, to be dealt with by the electors,
who frill take very good care first of all to be satis-
fied of a man's loyalty and patriotism before they
will tolerate him at the hustings. The only other
" bit of blarney" for the notice of which we have
room, is a pretext, the very mention of which
appears an insult equally to the intelligence and
the religion of the nation. The climax of the
Inglis resistance to the bill is that, "to admit
a Jew to Parliament would be to dishonour the
:Cliristianreligion, by endowing, with political rights,
one who must believelhat our blessed Lord was an
impostor." Now, the proponent of this objection
calls the Roman Catholic religion anti-Christ, or
opposed to Christ. The confession of faith Of the
Church of Scotland, established bylaw, calls the
Pope " that man of sin and son of perdition ;" yet
episcopacy and presbytery have both admitted
anti-Christ and the followers of the son of perdition
to Parliament. All orthodox sects declare that
" Unitaiiana are deniers of the Lord that bought
them ;" yet Unitarians are admitted to Parliament.
Nay, the service of the Church of England so-
lemnly turns its face to the Fast on Trinity Sunday,
and we know not how many other days, and de-
voutly consigns all Unitarians to eternal torments
—yet there in the Senate-house sit Mr. Thornley,
Mr. W. J. Fox, besides Sir R. H. Inglis ' • and the
Archbishop of Canterbury beside Lord Lovelace
and other Unitarian Peers. But if the admission
of Jews to their rights isa dishonour to Christianity
what are we to think of the Church ? The Arch-
bishops of York and Dublin, the Bishops of Nor-
wich, Llandaff, and nearly a dozen more, have all
voted for the removal of Jewish disabilities—and,
therefore, either the Church dishonours Christi-
anity, or the emancipation of the Jews does not.
But here the calls on our space abbreviate the lo-
quacity of our polemicS; and' we must postpone
what more we have to say until a more conve-
nient season."