The Sun.
London, England, 1854-08-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 18, 1854.

whether the 8,000,000 francs shall be thus dis-
tributed or not—the fact is no longer doubtful
tshomatethhoewB,,aonoao,otiOtaot ftrhanucss, are to be distributed
the Will of the Great
NAPOLEON, is to be actually carried into effec: in
some of its most interesting and important par-
ticulars.
By a happy coincidence the announcement of
the Imperial decrees to which we have thought it
advisable to make this direct allusion as indicating
anew, and in a very wonderful manner, the muta-
bility of earthly things—by a happy coincidence,
we say, this curious and interesting announcement
comes forth simultaneously with the reply of NA-
POLEON'S successor to the felicitations offered to
his Imperial Majesty by the Bishop of BAYONNE
on the day set apart in honour of the fête of its
elected Sovereign. The reply in which the French
Emperor very nobly observed—" In presence of
this general manifestation [that is, the celebration
throughout France on the 15th of August
of the Fête NAPOLEON] and of the prayers
which are addressed to HEAVEN throughout the
whole of France, it is the duty of the SOVEREIGN,
in his turn, to deliver himself up to a strict self-
examination in order to ascertain whether he has
done everything that depended on him to merit
this concert of good wishes and marks of respect.
It is his duty, above all, to come to the foot of
the altar to implore DIVINE PROVIDENCE, by the
intercession of the ministers of religion, to bless
his efforts, to enlighten his conscience, and to give
him constantlystrength to do good, and to put do wn
evil." Sentiments worthy, in every respect, of
falling from the lips and rising from the heart of
a Christian Sovereign. As emanating from the
chief of the allies of England in the midst of this
general warfare, the subsequent remarks, uttered
upon the same occasion by the EMPEROR of
France, are not undeserving, we conceive, of par-
ticular regard, and of very especial remembrance.
We mean when in a'lusion to the condition of
the country owning allegiance to his sceptre, his
MAJESTY observed, " My presence on this day at
Bayonne is a fact which I mention with pleasure,
for it proves that France, calm and happy, no
longer feels any of those apprehensions which
oblige the head of the State to be always
armed and on the qui rive in the capital ; and it
proves that France can support a distant war
without her internal life ceasing to be free and
regular." An indication which will be anything
but welcome to the Ru.ssian AUTOCRAT—the in-
ternal tranquillity and prosperity of France and
England (during the very time of the conduct of
the war against his gigantic autocracy) being to
him a terrible sequel of intelligence, coming as it
does upon the dread knowledge of the cordial alli-
ance binding together the two mightiest States
of Civilised Christendom.
•

An Irish prisoner once concluded what he
manifestly considered a triumphant defence by
stating, that although four witnesses had seen
him strike the deceased, he could produce at least
four hundred who had not seen him do so.
Much laughter was excited at the ridiculous
argument, and the folly that could suppose that
any man of ordinary intelligence could be imposed
on by such absurd and illogical reasoning. The
Irish JOE MILLER has, however, been fully
paralleled by the recent prcceedings against
Lieutenant PERRY, whose persecutors have even
outstripped their predecessors. He only relied
on the ignorance of the multitude, as a legitimate
ground for an acquittal on a serious charge, where
he was entitled to receive the benefit of any
rational doubt, and where his guilt should be
fully and unequivocally established, before an
adverse verdict could be delivered. The as-
sailants of Lieutenant PERRY, however, go
much farther. They not only ask for an
acquittal for themselves, but fur a conviction of
a brother officer, who was, in self-defence, com-
pelled to make statements which no one, save
Lieut. WALDEY, has ventured to deny on oath ;
and we can scarcely suppose that much confidence
can be reposed in the statement of that gaitapt
officer, after the letter produced, in his own hani
writing, in which he informs the prisoner of the
very fact which he boldly denied in his evidence.
The others contented themselves with the not
mi
ricordo class of testimony. Even Colonel GARB FIT
himself did not venture to swear that he bad not
called the prisoner "a fool for his pains"—
the matter which constituted the first charge.
All he dared to assert was, that "he had no re-
collection of having done so on that or any other
occasion,"—and when more closely pressed, say-
ing, "Really, I don't think I ever did ; it is a
long time ago. I cannot charge my memory with
ever having made that observation." Why, a
pickpocket, at the Old Bailey, against whose
name some half dozen previous convictions had
been registered, would not be found guilty on
such doubtful, or rather far worse than doubtful,
testimony. Nor were the recollections of the
other witnesses by any means more decided. Lieu-
tenant W. T. WALDEY was the only one who
ventured to make a positive assertion, and we had
seen the manner in which his culpable mendacity,
or most extraordinary forgetfulness, was exposed.
Who is there who has not in his juvenile days felt
intense interest in the struggles and difficulties
encountered by the generous and faithful SADAK
in his pursuit of " the waters of oblivion," then
supposed to constitute a draught worthy of an
Imperial despot, one who had the life and death
of his most distinguished subjects in his hands ?
To judge, however, from recent events, we might
imagine that it constituted the ordinary "tipple"
of the " Officers and Gentlemen" of the gallant
46th—that it was as common as small beer on the
Windsor mess-table.
But it was not merely this remarkable want
of 'Teo lection, this ignore' failing of me-
mory that was meat to be regretted. We
found also the absolute refusal to answer incon-
venient interrogations which could not be met by
" I cannot take upon me to say," or " I really
cannot charge my memory;" and, worst of all, the
previous communings, and consultations, and in-
structions as to the evidence, which certainly
would have exposed ordinary witnesses to severe
reprehension, but which, we suppose, must be
tolerated on the part of officers and gentlemen
whose system of " mnemonics" is so painfully
defective.
But if on the two first charges relating to
GARRETT the testimony was so siugnlarly eak
and inconclusive, what can be said as to that on
the third and fourth, relating to Capt. NICHOLAS,
when he was not all brought forward as a witness
on these points, and where we are, therefore, jus-
tified in assuming that he could not venture to
declue, under the solemn obligation of an oath,
that he did not recollect that l"
he had ill-treated
young officers on joining, or aided and abetted
others in doing so." This strange omission
was the more extraordinary, inasmuch as
the person whose testimony was essential to a
conviction was in attendance, and might have
been examined had the prosecutor thought fit to
in any
produce him. We believe that there is no per-
son,legesl axe thator4 i 11a
degree acquainted with the proceed-
d
quittal, even
therehrady
thu s courtsmust
accused havee f
J sb
etmeienaed'ae whon no defence,
completewd ei 11'e nnac not
and relied on the total absence
of
nothing of the gross prevarication and discreditable
equivocation of the againstwitnesses prhoiomfs., to say
But he accounted fully and
completely for the
absence of some
of the most important wit-
by
the service, a
showing that, in
nbresesaecsh offerthethreeguld defence,
of
company had been selected for service in the East,
while those on the rota were very unaccountably
passed over, although perfectly fit for duty. The
one selected involved the absence of Captain
HARDY and Lieutenant SHERVINTON, two most
important witnesses to the cause of truth, and yet,
when at the commencement of the proceedings,
the prisoner alluded to their unfortunate absence,
he was met by a "sneer of incredulity on the
part of the President," echoed by a " laughing
chorus" from some of those who ought to be dis-
interested judges.
But what need of more than was produced?
What evidence could add force to the straight-
forward testimony of Captain CORCORAN, the kind-
hearted officer who comforted hinjunior brethren,
when ill-treated, with friendly eneouragement and

excellent advice. He shows that long before
such an investigation could. have been anticipated,
the unfortunate lad had, with tears iu his eyes
and in a state of great excitement, complained to
him of the ill-treatment of Colonel GARRETT, who
had, in answer to his application for redress,
called him " a fool for his pains in reporting, and
that he was like a child just escaped. from his
mother's apron-string I." The unimpeachable
testimony of Captain CHAMBERS and Major
STUART, as well as what was wrung from the un--
willing lips of some of the "non mi ricordo" gentry,
showed that the statements of Lieut.PERRY wet e fully
and completely substantiated on enh and. every
point, that it was others, and not him who should have
been called on to answer before a military tri-
bunal, and that he must be discharged without
the slightest stain affecting his character.
We do not insist here on the point that it was
" not only necessary that the statements should
be false, but that he must have known them to be
so at the time he put them forward." That would
be a valid defence, but in the present case it is
not necessary, inasmuch as the prisoner has esta-
blished all his statements beyond the possibility of
reasonable doubt or difficulty.

16th.

ROW TO SUBDUeI SMOKE.

We proceed to show what opposite results have
been elicited by the use of machine-furnaces
which require motive power to keep them in action.
Taking the Juckes' furnace as the first with which
to illustrate that fact, we may refer to the very
important evideLce given in its favour by Tru-
man, Haubury, and Co., the brewers, who cer-
tify that the invention puts them beyond com-
plaint, as far as the emission of smoke is concerned;
and that by enabling them to substitute small
coals for the more costly descriptions previously
used by them, it economises their outlay
for fuel to the amount of many hundred
pounds'per annum. Although it appears (and fcr
reasoni we shall in due time assign) that they no
not consume a smaller quantity than they did
before, or less, in short, than would be sufficient
for ordinary furnaces. Yet at the establishment of
White, Ponsford, and Co., City Flour Mills,
Biackfriars, whilst the suppression of smoke was
equally satisfactory, the practical effect of the
same invention relative to the work performed has
been found to be very different. There, after
four or five of the Juckes' furnaces had been seve-
ral months in operation, the trial terminated in
their removal, upon the ground, if we are cor-
rectly informed, that, with the same de-
scription of coals, they did not generate as
much steam as had been and could be ob-
tained with the common furnaces. It is not
difficult to account for this discrepancy. At Tru-
man, Hanbury, and Co.'s, we believe, the require-
ments of the brewery, inclusive of an efficient pro-
vision in the size of the fire-places, were constructed
so as best to develope the advantages of this par-
ticular machinery-furnace under slow combustion ;
brit, at White, Ponsford, and Co.'s, the nature of
the business often rendering it necessary that the
fires should be forced, even in excess of what may
be deemed fast combustion, furnaces of a simpler
form alone, and deviating but little from the con-
struction of ordinary furnaces, could possibly be
made adequate to such emergencies. This,
we apprehend, derogates nothing from the
utility of the class of inventions we are
now considering (applying, as it may do, to all of
that class), when adapted to purposes for which
they may possess claims to preference. The ma-
chinery-furnace, known as Hazeldine's, stands
pretty much in the same -category, without, per-
haps, possessing so great a range of (even limited)
adaptability. By Price and Co., the patent can-
dle manufacturers, Vauxhall, it has been as
strongly recommended as that of Juckes'. We
cannot comprehend on what grounds; for the ex-
treme inclination at which it requires to be set
places the fire-surface at too great a distance from
the boiler to be equally effective ; and, when so
inclined, as occurs at the Stoney-lane Brewery
copper of Barclay and Co., the fire has frequently
to be stoked and fed with coals, _just as if
there were no machinery-furnaces at work. And
Hall's, which we think is a better self-supplying
apparatus than Hazeldine's, and of about the same
value in other respects, but not equal to that of
Juckes', is a machinery-furnace far from being
void of the practical anomalies inherent in the
others. At Woolwich it answers remarkably well,
for instance ; but at Calvert and Co.'s brewery it
is very remote from being a favourite. Rela-
tive to price, there is not, so far as we can
ascertain, any material difference between these
three inventions. Assuming the charge for
brewery coppers to be a criterion, it will not
be much out of the way to calculate the ex-
l; •nse, including the patentee's emolument for use,
at twenty shillings per barrel upon the capacity of
the copper ; say, for one of 400 barrels, 4001.;
and herein they contrast very unfavourably with
the cost of smoke-preventing furnaces of the most
simple form. Grounding the calculation on what
we have paid for our own, that invention,
with the patentee's customary royalty, may be
applied to a brewery copper of the size mentioned
for less than 80/. Our furnace, brick-work and
all, came much under 201. Still, the proprietors
of the machinery-furnace patents have ample room
for patronage and profit, notwithstanding the re-
stricted scope of their utility ; and with im-
proved construction, they may increase
that limit by lessening the expense of
keeping them in repair, without adding to the
original price. Beyond which we may repeat the
statement made some time since at the Society of
Arts, of the then ascertained existence of more
than 40,000 steam-boiler furnaces, on land, in
the United Kingdom ; whilst there can scarcely
be less than that number in the vast varieties of
other furnaces, ranging from a baker's coal oven
up to a brewer's copper ; and constituting, alto-
gether, demand enough, we should think, to
satisfy the reasonable expectations, if not the ex-
cessive cupidity, of at least fifty inventors, much
more advanced in successful demonstration of the
proved value of their several plans than a fifth
part of them can possibly be at present.
Our succeeding remarks will have reference to
some of those contrivances to which occasional
motion must be given by the stoker or other per-
son having charge of the fire.
Col.

TIIE CRIMEA.

A MAP. By JAMES WYLD.

A splendid map of the Crimea evidences more
clearly than ever the promptitude with which M.
Wyld has determined to cater for the information
laudibly desired by the uore patriotic sections of
the community. A glance at this map will be suf-
ficient to show the importance of the prize which
the Allied Powers are presumed to be on the eve
of wresting from the possession of the Russian Au-
tocrat. It will be perceived by those who care-
fully examine the engraving that a more considerable
portion of the earth's surface than many may sup-
pose is occupied by this remarkable peninsula. The
map before us is, if we judge correctly, upon the
scale of some five or six miles to the inch. The
isthmus joining the Crimea to the mainland appears
to be about five miles across, in the immediate
vicinity of the town of Perekop. Starting from
that point in the Gulf of Karkinite, and travelling
southwards we pass, in skirting the shores of the
peninsula, the following capes or headlands—Point
Scaarpi
Cape
oßu laabt ea: Capecape KKahrearms
orno
eusnee Cap
, ,
Capee
Ai
sal: i focraopse,
Saritche, Cape Kirkineis, Cape Nikita, Cape Mega-
nom, and Cape Theodosia. Beyond which lies the
minor peninsula of Kertch. From the isthmus
joining which to the large peninsula of the Crimea
runs the curiously long and narrow neck of
land dividing the Sea of Azov from the Putrid Sea,
the extremity of this strange neck of land being
divided from the mainland opposite Yenitsohi by
the strait of Yenitschi. As indicating yet more
clearly the extended scale on which this noble map
of the Crimea has been produced by Mr. Wyld, we
may mention that there are distinctive marks to
potvililnag
eo,u thtaomtlhe et observer
house,
,ainnedi iv
td ual
hamlets city, tfnwh na ~.
bited, church, monastery, mosque, fort, post road,
river, great road, cross road, lighthouse, windmill, water-
mill,
of the Black s
and watercourse ! In one corner of the
broadsheet, moreover
, is
and detailed r, introduced
an excellent
chartill, i
Sea, and in another is a masterly_
plan of the town and hatbour of Sebas-
topol.

LATEST NEWS.

THE WAR.

OPERATIONS AGAINST BOMARSUND.
The following has been received from Berlin :
" Advices from Copenhagen of the 16th state that
the French took the strongest fort at Bomarsund

on the 15th, after several hours' resistance. The
storming of the remaining forts is fixed for the

____
" According to Stockholm advices of the 16th
the Russians have been betrayed by the peasantry

in Aland, and General Baraguay d'Hilliers had
proclaimed the liberation of Aland from the Rus-
sians in all the churches."
We read in a letter, dated Ledsund, August 12,
that the troops landed on Tuesday morning last
(Bth), at 3 o'clock, without opposition, and ai tacked
a redoubt of five guns, which defended the road.
The French took it in front and the marines in the
rear, and carried it in a moment without any loss.
They are now encamped behind some high ground
between the villages of Finly and Sundsbole, about
two miles from the main battery, the French Chas-
seurs spreading • themselves over the intervening
ground to within 800 yards of the wall. A Russian
officer came out of the door of the fort about a
dozen yards, and was instantly shot by one of
them ; he was seen to raise his hand to his breast
and fall, and. some men rushed from the fort and
took him in.
__

The people from the villages bring plenty of pro.
visions, and are very civil. The French troops
have been slightly attacked by cholera, 11 having
died in four days.
The Penelope got aground within range of the
forts, and was fired
.upon for three hours and a
half, but was not hurt much. The small ships
went to her assistance, and drew the attention
upon themselves. The Pigmy's mainmast was
shot away. The Hecla had several shot in her,
and one poor little fellow had his chest torn open
by a round shot. They fired red-hot shot.
Lieutenant Cowell, Royal Engineers, has been
badly wounded in the thigh by his revolver going
off accidentally. As yet we have only lost five
men.

A battery opened upon the Amphion and Phle-
gethon, which they silenced almost immediately ;
and when- they landed to spike the guns, they
found four of them burst, and a fifth could not be
loaded.

The Penelope had to throw everything over-
board, guns, water, ac., before she could be
floated.
It is believed that GOO men have succeeded in
crossing from the main land, and are now on the
island of Prastce, but have not yet got into the
fort. The forts are strong, and it will be a strong
tura. beforo they give way. No time to say more.
The attack or bombardment will commence to-
morrow or Monday; the English and French guns,
and five 107incli mortars, are in position on the
hill.

cessarily becomes in a short time foul; the offal and
filth accumulate, and even though buried with care,
yet infect the ground. The men are for the most
part idle ; they eat fruit and trash of all kinds, sleep
half the day in the sun, and expose themselves with-
out caution to all the most dangerous influences of
the climate. Therefore it has been resolved to keep
them moving, even though without any definite
aim. They are marched so many miles in the day,
and the encampments are being changed—all, it is
said, with the best effect. It is to be hoped that
more earnest occupation will put an end to the sick-
ness which the unhealthy Bulgarian plains have
produced, and though we cannot replace the brave
men already lost, still there is some consolation in
knowing that the mortality among our troops has
been, on the whole, extremely low, and that they
suffer much less than either of the three armies
which are occupying the same the same territory.
As to our French allies, it may be some satisfaction
to those who are always complaining of the inferi-
ority of British discipline and military science to
know that the arrangements of our army excite
great admiration among the most experienced offi-
cers of the Gallia force. Indeed, it is considered that
they have more to learn from us than we from them,
particularly iu the details of regimental discipline,
The deaths among the French contingent are much
more numerous than in the British army. Much
less attention is paid to cleanliness, and the state of
their cantonments is said to be insufferable to a
stranger. Discipline is much more lax among
them ; the officers make no attempt to hinder the
men from wandering through Varna or whatever
village they may be near ; they have acquired a most
unfortunate taste for raki, which they drink in such
quantities that the old characters of the two nations
seem reversed, and the French are declared to be
much more addicted to intoxication than our own
men. The deaths in the British force, which some
days ago amounted to fro a 16 to 2J per day, are
now, it is said, not more than five or six. Those
among the French are also diminished in number,
',tit the mortality is still much greater than our

own.
Preparations still go on for thel great enterprise
which occupies the attention of all. It is hardly
disguised that the destination of this force is the
Crimea, and that the blockade, if not the siege, of
Sebastopol is what the allied commanders have in
view. It is a bold thing to give an opinion in such
a case, knowing as we do how diffident even a mili-
tary man ought to be in forming a judgment unless
he has served under the Duke in the late Penin-
sular war, but common conversation among those
resident in the country seems to declare that the
season is almost too far advanced for a regular
siege, unless some means of success unknown to
the world has been discovered by the Generals.
However, even if this be so, it would be no
slight thing to impede the preparations and mili-
tary works which are being pushed forward with
such speed in the neighbourhood of the fortress.
These are evident even to the unpractised eye, and
created much sensation on the last visit of the Fury
and Terrible to the mouth of the harbour. Stores
of provisions, re-inforcements of men, supplies of
clothing, ammunition and arms, are continually
being added to the resources of the city, and every
nerve is strained by the Russian Government to add
to the security of the place whose fall would be
the ruin of Russian influence in the East for many
years. During the autumn months these efforts
will be redoubled. The ice of the Baltic and the un-
fitness of the Polish plains for military movements
will free Russia from the danger of an attack in her
northern provinces, and will enable her to despatch
even greater reinforcements to the southern seat of
war. Not even the region of a Russian winter will
prevent the addition of many thousand men to
the Crimean army, and the strengthening of Se-
bastopol by works the skill of which cannot be
denied. It is of great consequence, therefore, that
the further preparations for attack should be im-
peded, if possible; and even though the stronghold
should not fall until next spring, it would be no
slight achievement to master the province by a
short and brilliant autumn campaign, and for the
expeditionary force to spend their first winter on
the soil of a beaten enemy. The occupation of
the Crimea may be the prelude to the fall of Se-
bastopol ; and if the views of the Commanders
are limited to this achievement, success is cer-
tain ; but if a regular a iege of this great fortress
is attempted at such a season, the event may be
more than doubtful. It would hardly be pru-
dent to trust our transports and their living
freights to the finer cies of the Euxine up to the last
moment when the sea is safe for the purposes of
navigation, which is the middle of November, and
if our splendid vessels are endangered by such a
' course, what must be he situation of the little
French craft—puny brigs of 150 or 200 tons, fit
only for the sabotage along the banks of the Chan-
nel. The French have no less than 380 of these
boats collected at Varna, and in fine weather it
may be very well to string eight or nine of them
together and tow them across the piece of sea
which divides the Crimea from the Turkish
plains, but that they will be fit for more
stormy navigation no one believes. On the whole,
however, without presuming . either to promise
or to prophecy, it was stated with con-
fidence that Sebastopol will be in the hands of
the Allies before the summer of next year ; and it
would be as well for the public to acquiesce in the
judgment of the skilful men at the head of the com-
bined army, and, should it be their opinion that
the operation of the present year should be con-
fined to a land and sea blockade of the fortress, not
to repine at the slow movement of affairs, nor to
think that either inertness or treachery have any
place in the counsels of their leaders, Ministerial
or military.

THE WAR IN ASIA.
The last' accounts from Asia say a great battle
was expected under the walls of Kars, where the
two armies, each 30,000 strong, were encamped
within a league of each other.

• SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
A lively discussion is going on in the Swedish
and Norwegian papers on war or peace. The most
influential journals in both countries openly and
distinctly declare that it would be worse than mad-
ness to join the allies and make enormous sacrifices,
unless on the fixed and well-understood condition
that Russia shall be broken up, aud Poland restored.
Otherwise, as they very properly remark, even the
transfer of Finland to Sweden would be a delusion
and a snare. It would compel the Scandinavian.
countries to live in an armed peace, which would
exhaust every class, would make the Government
a mere military despotism, and would eventually
ruin the North altogether. But if this condition
is to be complied with, if Russia is reduced to the
mensions she had in the time of Peter the Great,
then every voice will eagerly be given for the holy
campaign.