The Sun.
London, England, 1853-12-19 00:00:00

policy, and open that populous country to a commercial
intercourse with the 'United States.

It has been my earnest desire to maintain friendly in-
tercourse with the Governments upon this Continent,and
to aid them in preserving a good understanding among
themselves. With Mexico, a dispute has arisen as to
the true boundary line between our territory of New
Mexico and the Mexican State of Chihuahua. A for-
mer commissioner of the United States, employed in
running that line pursuant to the treaty of Guadaloupe
Hidalgo, made a serious mistake in determining the
initial point on the Rio Grande ; but, inasmuch as his,
decision was clearly a departure from the directions for
tracing the boundary contained in that treaty, and was
not conurred in by the surveyor appointed on the part
of the United States, whose concurrence was necessary
to give vai.lity to that deciston, this Government is not
concluded thereby ; but that of Mexico takes a different
view of the subject.
There are also other questions of considerable magni-
tude pending between the two republics. Our Minister
in Mexico has ample instructions to adjust them. Ne-
gotiations haVe been opened, but sufficient progress has
not been made therein to enable me to speak of the pro-
bable result. Impressed with the importance of main-
taining amicable relations with that republic, and of
yielding with liberality to all her just claims, it is rea-
sonable to expect- that an arrangement, mutually satis-
factory to both countries, may be concluded, and a last-
ing friendship between them confirmed and perpetuated.
Coagress having provided for a full mission to the
States of Central America, a Minister was sent thither
in July last. As yet he has had time to visit only one
of these Sates (Nicaragua), where he was received in
the most friendly manner. It is hoped that his presence
and good offices will have a benign effect in composing
the dissensions which prevail among them, and in esta-
blishing still more intimate and friendly relations be-
tween them respectively, and between each of them and
the United States.

Considering the vast regions of this continent, and the
number of states which would be made accessible by the
free navigation of the river Amazon, particular. atten-
tion has been given to this subject. Brazil, through whose
territories it passes into the ocean, has hitherto persisted
in a policy so restrictive, in regard to the use of this river,
as to obstruct, and nearly exclude, foreign. commercial
intercourse with the states which lie upon its tributaries
and upper branches. Our minister to that country
is instructed to obtain a relaxation of that policy,
and to use his efforts to induce the Brazilian Go-
vernment to open to common use, under proper safe-
guards, this great natural highway for international trade.
Several of the South American States are deeply in-
terested in this attempt to secure the free navigation of
the Amazon, and it is reasonable to expect their co-
operation in the measure. As the advantages of free
commercial intercourse among nations are better under-
stood, more liberal views are generally entertained
as to the common rights of all to the free, use of those
means which nature has provided for international
communication. To these more liberal and en-
lighteaed views, it is hoped that Brazil will con-
form her policy, and remove all unnecessary restrictions
upon the free use of a river which traverses so many
states, and so large a part of the continent. lam happy
to inform you that the Republic of Paraguay and the
Argentine Confederation have yielded to the liberal
policy still resisted by Brazil in regard to the navigable
rivers within their respective territories. Treaties, em-
bracing this subject among others, will be submitted to
the Senate at the present session.
A new branch of commerce, important to the agri-
cultural interests of the United States, has, within a
few years past,,been opened with Peru. Notwithstand-
ing the inexhaustible deposits of guano upon the islands
of that country, considerable difficulties are expe-
-1
rienced in obtaining the requisite supply. Measures
have been taken to remove these difficulties, and to
secure a more abundant importation of the article.
Unfortunately there has been a serious collision between
our citizens who have resorted to the Chincha Islands
for it, and the Peruvian authorities stationed there.
Redress for the outrages committed .by the latter was
promptly demanded by our Minister at Lima. This
subject is now under consideration, and there is reason
to believe that Peru is disposed to ffer adequate indem-
nity to the aggrieved parties.
We are not thus only at peace with all foreign coun-
tries, but, in regard to political affairs, are exempt from
any cause of serious disquietude in our domestic relations.
The controversies, which have agitated the country
heretofore, are passing away with the causes which pro-
duced them, and the passions which they had awakened;
or, if any traces of them remain, it may be reasonably
hoped that it will only be perceived in the zealous rivalry
of all good citizens to testify their respects for the rights
of the States, their devotion to the Union, and their
common determination that each one of the States, its
institutions, its welfare, and its domestic peace shall be
held alike secure under the sacred aegis of the Constitu-
The new league of amity, and mutual confidence, and
support into which the people of the republic have
entered, happily affords inducement and opportunity for
the adoption of a snore comprehensive and unembarrassed
line of policy and action as to the great material interests
of the 'country, whether regarded in themselves or in
connexion with the Powers of the civilised world.
The United States have continued gradually and
steadily to expand through acquisition of territory which
however much some of them may have questioned,
are now universally seen and admitted to have
been wise in policy, just in character, and a great
element in, the advancement of our country, and
with it, of the human race, in freedom, in prosperity,
and in happiness- The 13 States have grown to be 31,
with relations reaching to Europe on the one side, and
on the other to the distant realms of Asia.

PIERCE

MABKF;T NEWS-(THIS DAY.)

CORN EXCHANGE.

The leading country markets held on Saturday were very
moderately supplied with wheat, in which a good business
was doing, at an advance in the quotations of from is to
fully 2s per quarter. Barley realised is per quarter more
money. Malt, oats, beans; peas, and flour were rather
dearer, with a good consumptive demand.
The markets on the continent still continue high, and we
are informed that the stocks of most grain have become
much reduced. The latest accounts from New York state
that both wheat and flour were held at very full prices.
The arrivals of English grain up to our market last week,
were but moderate. The imports from abroad were 32,001
quarters of wheat, 4,720 barley, 22,030 oats, 1,230 beans,
1,300 peas, 926 tares, 3,540 linseed, 18 rapeseed, 37 militant
seed, 132 sundry seeds, 1,428 sacks, and 5,957 barrels of
flour.
The arrivals of wheat fresh up to this morning's market
from Essex and Kent were moderate, and in imroved con-
dition. By land carriage, the receipts were slightly on
the increase. Notwithstanding that the show of samples,
both red and white, was rather larger that on Monday
last, the demand for all kinds, owing to the appearance of
several large buyers from the continent, ruled very brisk,
at an advance in the quotations of from 3s to 4s per qr.
In some instances, 5s per qr. more money was paid for fine
samples of Essex and Kent white.
There was a good business doing for forward delivery, at
3s to 4s par quarter more money.
Although we were well supplied with foreign wheat
there was a brisk demand for all kinds, at a rise of from
3s to fully 4s per quarter from this day se'nnight. About
5,000 quarters were sold for shipment to France and
Belgium.
Floating cargoes sold briskly at 4s. per quarter advance.
The arrivals are moderate.
Barley was in good supply, and brisk request, at is to
2s per quarter more money.
Malt was in full average supply, and in steady request,
at ls. per quarter more money.
We had an active gala for oats, at ls. per quarter ad-
vance. The supply on offer was good.
The inquiry for beans was active, at Is. to 2s. per
quarter advance.
Peas moved off briskly, at a rise of from Is. to 2s. per
quarter.
Rye and Indian corn were dearer.
The flour trade was active. Sack qualities were 35., and
American 2s. higher.