The Sun.
London, England, 1853-04-21 00:00:00

THE FRENCH E MPI RE.

We have received the Paris journals of yester-
day.
The Constitutionnel contains an article on the
encouragement given by the Government to at-
tempts to improve the natural resources of the
country. Our contemporary enters into some de-
bails to show what may he expected from the policy
of the Government on this subject, and bestows
some eulogy on that policy, which, however, is not
more than is deserved. The first person in France
who devoted himself seriously and practically to
the task of rendering the waste lands of France pro-
ductive, and at the same time removing the inju-
rious effects which they had produced on the health
of the inhabitants, was M. Casimir Perier. When
that gentleman was minister he endeavoured to
form a company of French and English sharehold-
ers,_ for the cultivation of the waste lands in Brit-
nny and in other parts of France, and subscribed
'l's own name for a million of francs. His death
bet a stop to his prudent and benevolent efforts
fore the capital required could be raised, and
With the exception of the efforts made by a few
landowners and on a small scale, nothing had been
done until the reins of Government came into
the hands of the present Chief of the State.
Some fears have been expressed that the Em-
peror of the French is aiming at more than he
can accomplish, and that the resources of the
treasury will not be equal to half what he intends
to
do without adding considerably to the burthens
91 taxation. Were this fear well grounded, which
tdoes not appear to us to be, it should be remem-
red that works of public.utility remain, whatever
may have been the sacrifices at which they were
°°tained. All outlay for improvement should be
Judicious and properly apportioned to the means of
the State, but even when the State has been to a
;certain degree impoverished by an outlay beyond
48 means, the good that has been effected remains,
and many years do not pass before the nation re-
ceives back the capital with compound interest in
the increased produce of the earth, the amelioration
of the public health, or the comfort and convenience
of new channels of communication. If the Provi-
sional Government of the Republic, instead of
Wasting enormous sums in employing the starving
had spent
in digging holes and filling them up again,
sPent treble the amount in the making of
roads, the building of bridges and the improvement
0
waste lands, something would now be shown for
the outlay But what remains of the labours of
the •
ateliers nationaux in diffelent parts of France?
We see no more return for the outlay than if the
money had been thrown into the sea.
The Constitutionne/ says
In examining the budget of Public Works, we
Pointed out the increase which was demanded for the
grants destined for the fertilisation and clearing certain
Parts of the territory. We shall return hereafter with
more details on the works commenced in the Sologne,
and projected in the Dombes or in the Brenne. We now
merely call attention to a measure which has been suc-
cessfully
adopted in Belgium to realise improvements
similar to those which we are now making, and which
measure was recently the subject of an interesting dis-
cussion in the chamber of representatives. It is well
known that Belgium has taken the start of us in paths in
Which we have only made a first step. It is the great
results obtained by our neighbours in the Campine which
leave
ve given rise to the new plans which are in contem-
plation for rendering productive certain portions of our
unhealthy and desert territory. Some skilfully directed
Works of drainage and irrigation have sufficed to sextuple
the value of several thousands of hectares. Such has
been the starting point of the works devised for the im-
provement of the Sologne and other parts of the country
Which similar causes had appeared to have condemned to
eternal sterility. The measure which we now recommend
for examination is very simple ; it is the distribution of
lime at a reduced price to small farmers. What particu-
larly contributes to the unfruitfulness of the Sologne, the
Dombes, &c., is the too exclusively silicious nature of
the soil, and the absence of the calcareous element in the
composition of the land. The works which are to be car-
ried on there must not therefore have merely for object
to drain such parts as are marshy, and to irrigate others
that are in want of water ; they must also furnish the
means of spreading marl over the whole country, so that
the farmers may be able to restore to the soil the ele-
ment of which it is deprived, and which is necessary to
render it productive. It is calculated that, in the
Sologne, 30 cubic metres of marl are required per hec-
tare. Unfortunately marl, in certain localities, costs as
much as from 6fr. to 10fr. the cubic metre. In spite,
however, of the dearness of it, landowners who can af-
ford it do not hesitate at the expense, because they find
a profit from the outlay. According to authentic ex-
periments made, and published by several large farmers
in the Sologne the net revenue of the hectare before the
use of marl is 6fr., whilst after that operation it is from
32fr. to 33fr. The money laid,out in the article there-
fore in reality brings more than. 10 per cent. Small
farmers, however, who have not money at command,
and are not generally fond of innovations, cannot have
recourse to this means of improvement. The following
!S what is done in Belgium in a similar case. The ob-
ject is to increase the use of marl in the barren parts of
the Luxembourg. For some years past an annual
credit has been opened to the Government of lime, at a
reduced price, to the farmers of the Ardennes. The pro-
vincial council of the Luxembourg, the agricultural
iunlnlission, and the agricultural committees of the pro-
fu are unanimous m admitting the immense
in-
-11 Which that measure had exercised on. the clear-
ing
of the ground, and the improvement of its cultiva-
-0;0"11. The of lime at a reduced price, being
a,—Y, granted to the extent of 100 hectolitres to each
-rPaeant, it is more particularly the small farmers and
landowners who profit by it. Thanks to this measure,
the barren region of the Luxembourg will be soon ren-
dered productive, We will now quote figures. During
'847 and 1848, before premiums were granted by the
Government, only 145,000 hectolitres of limestone were
sold. In 1849 and 1850, after the establishment of
premiums
the quantity increased to 424,000 hectolitres,
that is to say that the use of lime more than tripled in
that short space of time. The credit which is annually
44,110 wed for this purpose is 75,000 fr. The central sec-
"on of the Chamber of Representatives proposed to
reduce it to 40,000 fr., but the Chamber, which at first
sanctioned the reduction, rejected it by a second vote,
after having been informed of the good results of the
distribution of lime at a reduced price. What more
Particularly is deserving of remark is, that the mainte-
nance of the full credit was defended with the greatest
energy by men whose economical opinions are in general
91113esed to any kind of intervention in matters of
In Industry
Rogier on the
pa t r of
ban. the Goln pvernment, particularly by
d M. Orointing out what has
been done in Belgium, in order to, extend the use of
calcareous amendments, and to favour the clearing of
barren land in the Luxembourg, our only object is to
call examination to a measure which has perfectly suc-
ceeded on the other side of our frontiers, and to induce
the Government to ascertain whether it cannot also put
it in practice in those portions of our territory which it
undertakes to improve."
Count Rrampe, Governor of Iceland, has just
been named Officer of the Order of the Legion of
ionour in return for the important services which
he
has on several occasions rendered to French
vessels, and Captain Angelopoulo, Commandant at
the Piraeus, has been on the same grounds named
Chevalier of the Order.
M. Lagorce has just been appointed French Con-
sul at Saint Domingo, and has received orders to
repair immediately to his post.
The Duke de Rovigo and the other defendants
who were last week condemned by the Tribunal of
Correctional Police, have given notice of appeal
against the judgment.
The Journal de Lot et Garonne advertises the
sale of the property of M. Baze, ex-questor of the
Legislative Assemby, who is now in exile.
Dispatches have arrived from the Gomer, steam-
frigate, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Romain
Desfosses, commanding the naval division in the
Levant. The Gomer after having visited Rhodes
and Cos bad proceeded to Salamis to join the
French squadron.
The Minister of the Interior has addressed-to the
Cantonal Statistical Commissions a circular, im-
pressing on them the importance of collecting accu-
rate information relative to all matters concerning
agriculture and manufactures. It requests them
besides to take particular pains to remove all idea
from the public mind in their neighbourhood that
the Government has any idea of ,increasing the
taxes now pressing on the agricultural interest, its
object, on the contrary, being to relieve that inte-
rest as much as can be safely effected.
The market for Government Securities at the
Bourse was dull, and at the conclusion of business
there was a downward tendency in prices :--For
cash, the Three per Cads. remain unchanged, but
• the Four-and-a-Half per' Cents. fell 20c. ; the
Three per Cents. for the account declined 15c., and
the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. sf. In Bank Shares
there is no change to report. The following are
the closing prices :—For money—Three per Cents.,
BCf. 50c. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. 50c.
For the end of the month—Three per Cents., 80f.
350. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. 50c.
Bank Stock, 2,735 f. In Bank of Credit Foncier
Shares, no change occurred, but Credit Mobilier
declined 121. The final quotations were, for
Credit Foncier, 900 f. ; Credit Mobilier, 928 f.
Foreign
Securities :—Piedmontese, 5 per cent. 99 :
Spanish Deferred New, 24. A reaction took place
in the Railway Share Market yesterday, and the
advance of Tuesday was not maintained, with the
exception of Paris and Rouen shares.

SPAIN.
There is nothing in the Madrid journals of the
15th on the subject of the change of Ministry,
:which had not previously reached us. The Gazette
publishes the decrees accepting the resignations of
the late Ministers, and nominating their suc-
cessors.

Three per Cents., 42A- ; One per Cents., 24,

BeWe learn from Berlin thMA Yat thr committee of the
Second Chamber recommends the adoption of a

bill, authorising the interdiction of foreign publi-
cations without the previous decision of the judicial

authorities.
Access to the burial-place of the persons killed
at Berlia in March, 1848, has been interdicted by
the Prussian police, and the place has been en-

closed.
The King of Prussia has conferred the grand
cross of the Red Eagle on Baron de Varennes, re-
cently French Minister at Berlin.

ITALY.
The Constitutionnel says :-" The Retribution,
frigate, having carried Mazzini from Genoa, cast
anchor in succession at Leghorn and Naples.
When the Neapolitan Government learned from
Turin that this vessel carried Mazzini, it hastened
to take precautionary measures. The frigate
weighed anchor, but unfortunately also put into
Palermo. Whether Mazzini has really made any
attempt at insurrection in Sicily, or that General
Filangieri desired to take severe measures of pre-
caution, it is certain that there have been a great
number of arrests at Palermo, and even, we are
assured, five capital executions. The (Lieutenant-
General appears to think that Mazzini has landed
in the island to there take his revenge for the
check which he received in Lombardy. We have
good reason to believe that General Filangieri is
mistaken. A work of Mazzini's is in the press,
bearing the title of Agli Italiani. The Italia e
Popolo of Genoa gives an extract from this pamph-
let. If Mazzini wanted to revolutionise Sicily, he
would, it says, be more engaged in proclamations
and appeals to the people than in giving an account
of his attempt at insurrection at Milan. Mazzini
is at Malta, superintending the printing of his
work, and from that place he sent part of it to the
Genoese journal."
A letter from Turin, in the Constitutionnel, says :
—" A traveller, who has just arrived from Milan,
says that at Magenta, on the frontier, and in the
police offices at lan, he found much fewer diffi-
culties and formalities, and was much less ques-
tioned than two years ago. No trace of the late
events, he adds, is to be seen in the moral condi-
tion of the population.i No doubt there is a dis-
tinct line of demarcation between the Milanese and
the Austrians, but that has always existed. The
only mark of superiority of the Austrians which he
noticed, was at the theatre La Canobiana, where
the first five rows in the pit are reserved for the
officers of the garrison ; but that is a privilege
which would be but little envied at Turin, for those
rows in the pit are always the least occupied, asthe
danseuses cannot be seen so well from them."
A letter from Ticino of the 14th, in the Basle
Gazette, says :—" Persons are still arriving from
Lombardy. They are in general Lombard women,
who had married citizens of Ticino. They had re-
mained with their families, in the hope that the
Austrian police would not disquiet them, but the
police insisted on their taking their departure with
their children."
A telegraphic dispatch from Turin says :—" In
the Chamber of Deputies, the President of the
Council of Ministers presented a law project de-
manding a credit of 400,000 f., for a loan to be
Lombard emigrants who had become Sardinian
citizens, and ose property had been sequestrated
by the Austrian Government."
Accounts have been received from Malta to the
12th. The English squadron had not yet made
any preparations for departure. Admiral Dundas
had on the evening before dispatched a steamer to
Constantinople. and had received notice of the
speedy arrival of a line of battle ship and a steam-
frigate from Portsmouth.
The Post Ampt Gazette of Frankfort has the fol-
lowing from Vienna, 16th :—" The Bund of Berne
has published the news that the Austrian authori-
ties in Lombardy had received orders to put them-
selves in immediate relations with the Federal com-
missioner, in order to arrange the differences which
have arisen between our Government and Switzer-
land. This ac-ount is inexact; the Austrian authori-
ties have only received orders to communicate to Col.
Bourgeois, the Federal commissioner, the docu-
ments and information necessary for the inquiry
which he is charged to make in Ticino, relative to
the attempt at Man."
The Cattolico was seized at Genoa on the 14th,
on a charge of having, in one of its articles relating
to the anniversary of the battle of Novara, ex-
pressed an ev'dent wish for the destruction of the
monarchic constitutional regime ; an offence punish-
able by Art 22 of the law of March 26, 1848.
The Italia Libera of Genoa, of the 14th, has been
seized by the police.
The Mediterraneo of Genoa has suspended its
publication.
Field Marshal Radetzky arrived at Venice on the
11th, from Vcrona. On tho following day be paid
his respects to Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian.

TURKEY.
The New Prussian, Gazette states, under the head.
of Vienna, that M. de Bruck, who has been ap-
pointed Internuncio of Austria at Constantinople,
and who is to leave his post in a few days, has re-
ceived the most pacific instructions from his Go-
vernment, which is, it is added, doing everything
in its power to bring to an amicable conclusion the
differences between Turkey and Russia.
M. Titoff, the Russian Ambassador at the Porte,
passed through Warsaw on the 11th, on his way
from Paris to St. Petersburg.
The Trieste Gazette publishes a letter from Odessa,
which announces the arrival in that place of a
courier from St. Petersburg, with dispatches order-
ing the supension of warlike preparations.
Col. Kowalewski, who had been dispatched by
Russia as a Cabinet courier to Montenegro, arrived
at Trieste on the 11th from Cattaro.
The Trieste Observer states that 13 vessels of the
Turkish fleet were anchored off Corfu on the Bth,
namely, two 44-gun steam-frigates, two 22-gun
corvettes, four 20-gun brigs, two steamers for tow-
ing, and three transports.
A letter from Semlin, Bth, states that the Ser-
vian. Government has not acceded to the desire
expressed by the Cabinet of St. Petersburg, for the
dismissal of- the public functionaries, M. Marino-
ries and M. Derchs. The Servian Government
invokes the constitution and the treaties which
guarantee its full and entire independence as regards
foreign Governments.
A letter from St. Petersburg, of the 31st ult., in
the Deutsche Volhshalle, says :—" The last intelli-
gence from the Caucasus announces a new victory
of the Russian troops, 200 of the enemy having
been killed, and the rest being forced to take refuge
in the forests of Tschetchua, where the Cossacks
pursued them with ardour. The Russians had two
officers and nine privates wounded."
Lord de Redcliffe has had an tudience of the
Sultan.
M. de la Cour, the French Ambassador, was to
have an audience on the 11th.
Prince Menschikoff's propositions were still pend-
ing. He is reported to have threatened that, if
not speedily complied with, he would leave Con-
stantinople.
Advices, by a steamer which arrived at Trieste,
via Galatz, having left Constantinople on the 12th,
say that the excitement was increasing. Turkey
continued her warlike preparations.
Disturbances are reported to have taken place at
Broussa.

SWITZERLAND.
In order to facilitate an arrangement with Swit-
zerland, the Austrian Ambassador had been in-
structed to make a verbal reply to the accusations
which Switzerland preferred against Austria at a
former period. The Ambassador has complained
of a certain poem which' was published at Geneva
under the title of " The Cry of Blood." This
poem treats of the differences existing between
Austria and Switzerland. To support his com-
plaint, the Ambassador has appealed to the Federal
press law.

HOLLAND.
A telegraphic dispatch from the Hague, dated
19th says :—" The Ministry is dissolved. MM.
Thorbecke, Vanbosse, Strens, and Vanzuilen have
tendered their resignations, which have been ac-
cepted ; those of MM. Pahud, Enslie, and Dan-
benoy are not yet accepted. The members of the
• new Cabinet already named are—MM. Vauban,
Foreign Affairs ; Dankercurtius, Justice ; Vaura-
"leen, Interior ; Yandoorn, Finances."

A WONDERFUL PEOPLE !--Nowhaere in the world
gesnetry, such mer-
sueghreat and so
are there such manufacturers, such
traditionf
chants, such peers, such mechanics
such men of s
eorsacti,?.al
loved a Sovereign, such millionnaire;
of loyalty, such unfortunate and intractable racae men,.
such "nabobs," such ploughmen,.
science, such soldiers, sailors, church dignitaries,
manists, Dissenters, and men of every other condition
or opinion. It is the number of almost distinct commu-
nitieson to be consulted and conciliated that makes the
difficulty and the glory of our Government. No mere
federal union ever presented such a task. The man to
advise for such a State should possess a more than Im-
perial mind. A despotism, indeed, may include a thou-
sand races in one Procrustean rule, but when this variety
exists under a constitutional Government, and these
races are, in fact, to govern one another, a common rule
is only attainatde by the soundest judgment and most
extreme consideration.—Times Budget.
THE EDUCATION DISCUSSION IN • THE MANCHESTER
TOWN COUNCIL was resumed yesterday on. Mr. Coun-
cillor Heywood's motion in favour of local rating, under
local ma,nagentient, for placing the means of education
within the reach of the poorer classes. After a pro-
tracted discussion, Mr. Alderman Pilling moved an
amendment, to the effect that it was inexpedient to com-
mit the council by a premature decision on this subject,
as the Government measure must shortly come under its
consideration. The amendment was carried wikhout a
division,