The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-16 00:00:00

The Tul ks had 95 men killed and 330 wounded.
It is stated. that Schamyl was operating on the
flank of the Russians. Volunteers were every day
arriving at•Stamboul.

Accounts from Beyrouth of the 29th ult. say
that the Pacha had, on the 22d, caused to be
publicly read the firman of the Sultan declaring
war against Russia. This was followed by prayer
for the success of the Turkish arms, and by the
firing of cannon. The Consul-general of Russia in
Syria and Palestine, M. Basili, who resided at
Beyrouth, struck his flag on the same day, and
left on the-29th ult. for Leghorn with all his family.
The Chancellor had previously left with all the
archives. A firman had been received from the
Government demanding a force of 8,000 men ; but
whether they were to go to Constantinople or to
the army on the frontier of Asia was not known.
The Emir Emin, principal Kaimacan, was about
to leave for Constantinople. Cannon, muskets,
and military stores were being sent off to the capital.
A letter from Constantinople states that Hall
Pacha has been hastily recalled from Broussa, hav-
ing been fixed on to enter the Cabinet.

FRANCE.

A letter from Nantes states that considerable
activity prevails in the Government establishment
at Indret, in the construction of steam-engines for
the Imperial navy. It was there that the engines
were mauufactured for the Jean Bart and Auster-
litz ships of the line, which have given so much
satisfaction. The corvette Phlegeton is being fitted
with a machine of 400-horse power from the same
establishment, A machine of a similar power for
the Assas will be ready in the course of a month.
Machinery for the Ulm of 100 guns and 650-horse
power, as likewise machinery of 1,200-horse power
for the Bretagne, and of 900-horse power for the
Redoubtable, Arcole, and Imperial is to be com-
pleted in the course of the next year.
L'ETerance states that about a month since the
remains of a Protestant inhabitant of Chelles, near
Compiegne, were interred in the cemetery in ground
purchased by the family. The religious service was
performed iu the presence of a number of Catholic
friends who listened with the greatest respect.
Three weeks afterwards the sub-prefect of the de-
partment gave orders to take up the coffin privately,
before daybreak. The order was executed, the
coffin was dragged through the mud, and buried
near the place reserved for executed criminals and
children who died without baptism. The church-
yard was afterwards re-consecrated with great
pomp ' • and, to add to the scandal, a bill was pre-
sented to the family of 56f. for taking up the body,
with a threat of law proceedings if not paid. A
statement of those proceedings has been laid before
the Consistory of Paris, who have had an audience
of M. Fortoul, the Minister of Public Worship, on
the subject. The Minister has demanded an ex-
planation of the Sub-Prefect, and so the matter
rests for the present.
It is generally rumoured] that the Bank of
France, finding that the bullion in its coffers is
daily diminishing, has determined at length to
raise its rate of discount. It is thought that on
Thursday the discount will be raised to 4 per cent.
It is rumoured that M. Balabine, late Secretary
of the Russian Legation at Constantinople, and
who remained charged with the international affairs
after the departure of Prince Menschikoff, is about
to be Russian Legation in Paris, and, in the event
of M. do Kisseleff going on leave, may remain
here also as Charge d'Affaires.
James M'Donald, an engineer, in the employ-
ment of Mr. Mackenzie, has been fined 200 f. by
the police court of Angouleme, for having driven
an engine on the Bordeaux Railway after the
switcher had hoisted the red flag. The punishment
was inflicted by virtue of the 36th article of the
Ordonnance of the 15th November, 1846, and the
21st article of the law of the 15th July, 1845.
The Moniteur publishes a decree of the Emperor,
dated the 14th, for the better regulation of the
service of railroads and other modes of communi-
cation, &c. It is as follows :
" Art. 1. The railroad service at the Ministry of
Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works shall form a
general direction, under the name of Direction Generale
des Chemins de Fer.
"Art. 2. The service of the roads and that of naviga-
tion are united, and will form one direction, under the
name of Direcetion des Ponts et Ch,aussees.
"Art. 3. Count Eugene Dubois, maitre des requetes
of the Ist class at the Council of State, and ex-director
of public works in Algeria, is appointed director-general
of railroads. M. de Franqueville, chef de division of
navigation, is appointedsdirector of posts et chaussees, and
M. de Boureuille, chief of the division of mines, is ap-
pointed director Of mines."
The circular of M. de Nesselrode is criticised by
the papers. The Pays says :
"M de Nesselrode has, since the commencement of
the Tar:so-Russian difference, published several cir-
culars, which have aggravated instead of smoothing
down difficulties, and complicated questions instead of
solving them. We fear that the new document just
published will have the same result in the eyes of
Turkey and of Europe. This document is a kind of
commentary on the manifesto of the Czar, addressed to
the European Cabinets. It is true that this circular,
skilful in form, like everything that emanates from
Russian diplomacy, frequently speaks with studied
moderation of the pacified sentiments and dispositions
of the Emperor Nicholas ; it affirms that the Czar
will not throw any obstacle in the way of the
progress of negotiations, and of the conclusion of
an amicable arrangement, and in this respect the
general tone of the work of M. de Nesselrode
is certainly less aggressive and less violent than
that of the manifesto. But, when we examine the
ground-work rather than the form, we can easily recog-
nise the close relationship between the two documents in
question ; there are the same demands, the same mis-
statements of fact, and the same errors of principle.
The circular, like the manifesto, contains the strange
assertion that Russia is provoked by Turkey. It an-
nounces that the troops of the Czar will not evacuate
the Principalities until reparation shall have been made
to the Emperor Nicholas. Reparation for what ? What
is the offence with which the Turks are reproached ?
Evidently all this is not serious, and it may be justly
regretted that a State so considerable as Russia should
wish to deceive as to the character and real signification
of events which the whole world has witnessed. We
can understand the Russian people being spoken to
in this manner for the purpose of exciting their
national and religious feelings, but that these alle-
gations should be found in a document destined
for European diplomacy, in a communication from
one Power to another, and particularly when
it is hoped to have them admitted as material truths, is
what we cannot without difficulty conceive. There is an-
other passage in the circular of M. de Nesselrode which
will not be read without astonishment. It will depend
entirely on the other Powers,' it is therein said, 'not to
extend the limits of the war.' Certainly we do not ad-
mit that these words contain a menace. Russia has too
much wisdom and prudence to have had such an inten-
tion, and the European Powers would have too much
dignity and energy to support it. Interpreted in its most
inoffensive sense, this declaration is not less unfortunate
than contfary to the state of affairs. It is not on the
Powers, but on Russia alone, that the enlargement or
the, restriction of the limits of the war depends. The
powers who signed the treaty of 1841 have guaranteed
the inviolability of Turkey as necessary to the balance of
power in Europe ; they have unanimously admitted that
the present pretensions of the Czar were at once con-
trary to the right of nations, the right of treaties, the
independence of the Ottoman Empire, and to the
interests of Europe, which they represent in all its au-
thority. The respect of these rights by Russia, or their
definitive violation, will evidently be the only limit
of European intervention. The Powers allied to Turkey
will continue to protect her against any unjust aggres-
sion, as they will doubtless exercise their legitimate in-
fluence, should she ever refuse an honourable concilia-
tion. M. de Nesselrode affirms that this conciliation is
wished for by the Czar, but it may be remarked, at the
same time, that Russia concedes nothing of her pre-
tensions. On what point, therefore, are the bases of a
pacific solution to be established ? It matters not ; if
the persevering devotedness of diplomacy, at present
condemned to inaction by the fatality of events, succeed
in finding a formilla which, while respecting incontest-
able rights, gives satisfaction to even the most exagger-
ated amours propres, it will not be the Western Powers
that will render such conciliation impossible."
The Constitutionnel says:—
" We will only make short reflections on this cir-
cular. First of all, we see in it an allegation which the
Moniteur has already corrected ; it is that which con-

sists in representing the Sublime Porte as acting in A
spirit contrary to the exhortations of the great Western
Powers. That is incorrect. The four great Western
Powers, and particularly France and England, have
not given to the Sublime Porte any counsel con-
trary to the dignity, the honour, the interest, and
the security of the Ottoman empire, and they cannot
disapprove the Sultan in his refusal of demands
which encroach on his rights of sovereignty, and
in his resistance by force to acts of aggres-
sion which nothing calls for. A second point
strikes us. Count de Nesselrode endeavours to place
the four great Western Powers out of the case. But
is his language moderate with respect to those Powers ?
In no respect. The evident interest of Russia is tht

they shall not meddle, either direCiliOr—indireetly, in
her difference with Turkey. It is, then, solely in favour
of this interest that the Chancellor of the Czar pleads
when he says that it will entirely depend on the great
Western Powers not to enlarge the limits of the war-
We even see in this phrase, under the politeness of
form, an indirect request to France and England
to leave Turkey to fight it out as well as she can with
Russia. Finally, Count de Nesselrode tells us that the
declaration of the state of war made by the Divan has
in no respect changed the pacific dispositions of the
Emperor Nicholas. But this assurance was only ar
plicable to the moment at which the Chancellor of Russia
spoke, and since then many facts have occurred which
may serve the Czar as a pretext for holding different lan-
guage. As to his conduct, we have never found it either
pacific. or moderate. The pretensions of the Emperor
Nicholas with respect to the Sultan will never be, in our
eyes, an act ef moderation any more than the invasion of
respect,
the principalities can be, in the eyes of Europe, an. act
.f
peaca. Now, unfortunately, we do not see, that, in tials
the lama of the Iluasian Cabinet Iwo P_09913"