The Sun.
London, England, 1854-07-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 19, /854.

ingly conspicuous among the pleasant solitudes of
Kensal-green Cemetery. The " monumental
bust"—the granite pedestal with bronze bas-reliefs,
illustrative of an exquisite lyric and an immortal
ballad—the rhetorical epitaph "He Sang the Song
of the Shirt"—the pithy inscription—the lyre
and the comic mask, half-veiled—all are elo-
quently commemorative of the Poet and the
Humorist. Even over his grave his Fame has
blossomed. Standing before that grave, the pil-
grim to the spot hallowed by the dust of THOMAS
HOOD may now recall to mind with renewed sig-
nificance one of the loveliest of his verses—

" I smell the Rose above the Mould."

While the popular rising against the Spanish
Queen and her Government is spreading from St.
Sebastian to Barcelona, and from Barcelona to
Saragossa—the desultory struggles between the
Turks and the Russians are continued with con-
siderable bloodshed in Wallachia. It is earnestly
to be hoped that, out of her present troubles, Spain
may come forth at last with a result satisfactory
and advantageous to her population. While, in
regard to the mightier interests at stake on the
banks of the Danube, we can only look forward
with supreme eagerness to some decisive issue
consequent upon the advance of the .Anglo-French
contingent. For the interests there at hazard,
or in the balance, contingent upon the
casualties of a campaign, are those not of a
single peninsula, but of a whole continent, or
rather of an entire hemisphere. Hitherto the
events of the campaign in the Danubian provinces,
though often brilliant and some of them very re-
markable, to the glory of the Ottoman arms and
to the especial honour of the Turkish Com-
mander-in-Chief, have in no single instance yet
approximated even to the decisive. Neither the
victory at Citate, nor the previous one at Olte-
nitza. Neither the gallant stand made at Giur-
gevo, nor the heroic defence of the earthen ram-
parts of Silistria. It was not, indeed, to be expected.
All that might have been expected fromthe soldiers
of the SULTAN, as opposed to those of the AUTOCRAT,
would have been that they should have stood
resolutely upon the defensive until the troops of
England and France had arrived on the battle-
field. They have done more than this—they
have not only stood upon the defensive, but acted
upon the aggressive—they have not only pre-
vented the invaders from advancing upon the Bal-
kans, but driven them back beyond the Danube, and
compelled them to take up a new position behind
the Sereth. More than this could not within
reasonable probability have been accomplished by
them under the circumstances. Now, however,
that the Turkish army has been augmented by
the arrival at last, troop by troop, and regiment
by regiment, of the Anglo-French contingent--
we may surely begin to expect intelligence of
some more positive advantage having been gained
over the Muscovites. Therefore it must come
to pass not unnaturally that towards the
close of the summer of 1854, the people of Eng-
land may begin to evidence impatience at the non-
arrival of news of some great victory—a victory
won, not in the name of conquest, but of humanity
—impatience at the continued delay in the advent
of any startlingly satisfactory information.

The Select Committee on Public-houses, Coffee-
houses, and other places of public entertainment,
have just published their report, an abstract
whereof appeared in our impression of Saturday.
We shall not for the present enter into a consi-
deration of the question so far as it concerns the
interests of the licensed victuallers—a numerous,
influential, and (despite their calumniators, we
say advisedly) highly respectable body, who have
invested large capital in their business—beyond
expressing our dissent from many of the recom-
mendations put forward by the Committee. We
cannot, however, refrain from expressing our ad-
miration of and concurrence with the suggestions
respecting the opening of the Crystal Palace, the
National Gallery, the British and Geological Mu-
seums, the Exhibitions at Marlborough and Gore
Houses, and other estalalishments, which combine
sound practical instruction with rational amuse-
ment. It is unnecessary to say how completely
we differ from the modern Pharisees who would
convert the Sabbath-day into one of gloom and
seclusion—who would make it a burden to those
who, having spent six days in toil, require a little
whe:esome and innocent recreation on the seventh
day, in order that they may be enabled to return
to their monotonous tasks with renovated health
and spirits. We have too often expressed our
opinions on the important and interesting question
to require any additional proofs of our opposition
to the determined efforts now making to abridge
the liberty of the subject by enacting additional
restrictions on the use of the only day which
the working man can call his own. These at-
tempts have been so perseveringly made for some
time that, unless the people speak out boldly and
unequivocally, measures may be carried of which
it is impossible to predict the results. The Sab-
batarians seek to introduce " the sharp end of the
wedge," by means whereof eventually a new code
may be carried, " bristling with pains and penal-
ties" against every man who dares to think for
himself, and to differ on matters of religion from
those who make up by energy and activity for
the paucity of their numbers.
The Noble Lords and Hon. Gentlemen who
may have to decide on these matters will not be
themselves in any degree affected thereby. They
do not require public-houses or coffee-shops to be
opened for their entertainment on Sundays. When
or how often do they resort to these establish-
ments even when they are available ? They do
not want to purchase wines, spirits, or malt
liquors by retail. Their cellars are well stocked
with all they could desire of the best qualities.
They do not need public conveyances. They can
order out their own carriages to go wherever they
please, and order their cooks to store them with
provisions if they depart any distance from home.
They can inspect the public sights on week days,
and do not, therefore, want any facilities for
visiting them on Sundays. If wearied of the
domestic circle, the portals of the different
clubs of which they are members expand for their
admission. It is the ot 7roXXot who are really in-
terested—the multitude of labouring men, who
are occupied from an early hour in the morning
until late in the evening all the week, and who
can never hope to behold these miracles of art and
science, by which their intellects may be expanded
and enlightened, unless there be some modifica-
tion of the existing law.
The value of such a modification was strikingly
illustrated in respect of the Zoological Gardens,
Dublin, which were opened on Sundays at the al-
most nominal admission of one penny. At that
price thousands and tens of thousands flocked
thereto, where they spent their time peacefully
and happily, and returned to their families cheer-
fully and soberly, with the money in their pockets
that would otherwise have been spent in dissipa-
tion. If the evidence of those who availed them-
selves of the boon offered by the Council could be
taken, the full extent of the benefit would be felt.
As it is, the statement of the Committee has been
abundantly substantiated, so as to leave no doubt
in the mind of any unprejudiced and disinterested
inquirer. Even at the Crystal Palace, the
exclusion promotes the cause of intemper-
ance, for many flock to its gates, who, in
consequence of being unable to obtain admission,
remain drinking at the public-houses, become in-
toxicated, and get involved in disputes and
quarrels, that afterwards lead to very serious
consequences.

No man can be made religious by Act of Parlia-
ment ! Unless persons are disposed themselves
to attend Divine worship, no penal enactments
will make them do so. Indeed they would ope-
rate rather in the opposite direction, by disgusting
the people. The religion of the Gospel is not one
of gloom and austerity. A pious cheerfulness of
disposition is far better than sour, querulous dis-
content. Prevent any public impropriety,
anything that could shock a really moral
man. c-i But h
eck not innoctnt recreation, or a
exorcised,
demon may be evoked which cannot easily be
and which may lead to a state of affairs
of which the advocates of restriction have but
little notion. The
session is far advanced: but

there is still time to pass a bill for carrying into
'practical execution the excellent recommendation
of the Committee, and throwing open for at least
a portion of every Sunday places of rational re-
creation and instruction, now closed by the ope-
ration of the existing law.

MONTE VIDEO.

We have received the following from Monte Video,
dated 3d June :—As we are opposed to the introduc-
tion of politics into our general correspondence, we
consider we shall best fulfil our object in the present in-
stance by embodying some remarks on this subject in a sepa-
rate letter. From our own advices, and the information
which has reachedyou through other channels, you would
nodoubt have been enabled to appreciate fully the extent
of the changes which have lately taken place here.
Under the protection of Brazil we are glad to inform you
that we see on all sides evidence of present and prospective
prosperity for this country. Should the Brazilian
occupation last uninterruptedly until its stipulated
and natural termination, we have no fears for the future.
We however regret to observe that the English and
French agents are hostilising the intervention, and
if they succeed in their attempts to embroil Brazil
and the Argentine provinces on this question (which
apparently is their aim) we can only look forward
to a series of calamities, equal to, if not greater than,
those resulting from the last interference of England
and France in the politics of this river. So threatening
an attitude have the French and English representatives
assumed towards the Brazilian policy, that we think
the time has come when all British subjects interested
in the commerce of the River Plate ought to solicit from
their. Government a frank declaration of its intended
policy, because it is impossible to estimate the prejudicial
effect which the hostility of our Government and that
of France will have on our interests, and the material
advancement of this Republic.
At a public ball, given by the President on the night
of the 24th and 25th ult., in honour of the allied army.
(viz. native and Brazilian) the French Admiral, although
invited, purposely absented himself, having first returned
his ticket of invitation, and we understand ordered all the
French officers on the station to follow his example.
Mr. Gore and the British Consul, Mr. Hunt, also ab-
sented themselves. Now the natural consequence of
this has been to induce the belief that the powers
they represent are not in accordance with the present
state of things. But this is not the only mischief. It
has held out hopes to the factions opposed to the Go-
vernment, and will no doubt stimulate to a fearful de-
I gree the activity and intrigues in which unprincipled
military adventurers find a means of subsistence, and
under which they combine for systematic robbery. It
must not be imagined that European policy in the River
Plate affairs is to be conducted successfully, and in
accordance with the interests of commerce, on the
principles acted upon during the last years of Rosas.
Notwithstanding the barbarous system pursued by
that man (at first opposed, but finally approved of, by the
English Administration) these countries have advanced
since his downfall, and it is next to certain, that it
will be impossible for any chief to impose himself hence-
forward, for any length of time, on either the Argentine
or Oriental peop:e, if he do not strictly fulfil the public
duties which the true interests of the country demand.
The importance of Brazil in South American politica
was never more apparent than in the conduct of the
campaign which ended in the overthrow of Oribe and
Rosas, and as the army, treasure, and influence of the
empire were manifestly used in the interest of both the
neighbouring republics, their inhabitants look with con-
fidence to a power which could insure such great results,
more especially after the complete failure of European
diplomacy. This feeling became more general, when it
was seen that the end aimed at by the alliance of 185 i
was obtained, not only without the countenance of
European agents, but in spite of their undisguised
opposition and intrigues in favour of Oribe and Rosas,
both in Buenos Ayres, here, and in Rio Janeiro. We
feel assured that if the British Government refer to the
despatches of their late minister at Buenos Ayres, a dis-
crepancy not at all creditable to their ability and foresight
will be found between their prognostications and the event
which rapidly succeeded. When such can clearly be
proved to be the case, have we not a right to ask—Are
we to continue to be made sufferers, and the objects of a
policy based on information supplied by men utterly
unacquainted with, and apparently indifferent to, our
commercial interests, and who are here looked upon with
distrust by both native and foreigner ? If so, and if
foreign interference in this river should again commence,
it cannot be a matter of surprise that the native popu-
lation should look upon us as the real fomenters of their
civil disturbances. We repeat, that if the object of
the British Government be at least not to prevent these
countries from obtaining some prosperity, if it desire the
happiness of their inhabitants and the extension of our
trade, nothing could have been devised of a more mis-
chievous tendency than the course we are afraid our
agents are determined to pursue. The distrust which the
possible future interference of England and France
creates prevents the employment of capital, contracts
operations, and invests everything with the conse-
quences of uncertainty. Hence, the necessity of an
immediate declaration on the part of the British Govern-
ment of its views on this question. Let us, at all events,
know what we have to look forward to.
Whatever may be said to the contrary, the Brazilian
intervention is looked uF on by the native population as
the best guarantee they can possess against the recur-
retied of civil wars. The foreigner, who is invariably the
greatest pecuniary suffererfrom these contests, looks upon
it in the same light. All are satisfied that Brazil acts
in good faith ; and as her own manifesto invites
the powers guaranteeing the independence of this Re-
public in 1828 to co-operate with her, nothing can be
feared from the temporary military occupation which
the Government of this country itself has been compelled
to request. Brazil has a great and permanent interest
in the organisation of the Banda Oriental. During the
last ten years her frontier has been violated, and her
subjects plundered and assassinated by marauders pass-
ing from this republic. She has had, in consequence, to
maintain, at great expense, a standing army for her
own protection in Rio Grande, and, if means were not
taken to preserve order, a conflict must sooner or later
have taken place between the two countries, because this
Government has been unable either to repress inroads or
to indemnify the losses occasioned by them. Besides,
without a Brazilian subsidy, the Government could not
exist as such. The poverty and ruin caused by Rosa's
occupation has left the Government without resources
to pay any of the public servants. During Giro's ad-
ministration, the army and all other public functionaries
remained unpaid until at last matters arrived at such a
crisis that the Minister of Finance, Don Manuel Her-
rera y Obes was obliged to call a meeting of the mer-
chants to request a loan, and to inform them that unless
he succeeded in the object they were called together for
complete anarchy was inevitable.As this meant military
license in the worst sense of the term, money to the amount
required was collected in a few days. We believe that
commentary would be lost on such a fact.
All we require is peace, and no interference on the
part of foreign agents with the internal questions of the I
Republic, or its relations with Brazil.
We do not bring these subjects under your notice from
a desire to mix ourselves up with the politics of these
countries, or because the study of them affords us any
pleasure, but because our own interests, and those of the
friends in England on whom we depend, are so un-
mistakeably interwoven with the favourable or adverse
issue of the present state of affairs, that to continue
silent any longer would be highly culpable. We,
therefore, trust that all the influence you possess may
be used to dissuade the British Government from
interfering withlthe internal affairs of this country.

ARE WE TO " WAIT FOR TIM WINTER ?"

TO THE EDITOR OP THE DAILY NEWS.
SlR,—The following extract from the life of a
gallant practical soldier and politician cannot but
be interesting, now that we are in want of every
guide which history can afford, judgment consider,
escaped from the trammels of diplomacy and and chivalric sentiment act on—having narrowly
en-
gaged in open warfare for the cause of Europe.

Your obedient servant,
BAYARD.
(Extract from the Life of Colonel Maceroni, Aide-de-Camp
to Murat. Time, during
Moscow.) the French occupation of

On the sth of October after this fresh discomfiture of
the Russians, Napoleon 'decided on sending General Lau-
riston to the Emperor Alexander, who, he had been led to
believe, was inclined to treat
for peace. Hostilities were
suspended, but the colloquy requested by Lauriston only
took place between the French negotiator and Kutusoff,
and that after a delay which became fatal to the French.
King Joachim (Murat) felt most keenly the difficulties of
i
his position : n the daily combats of the last five mouths
he had lost half his cavalry. The Russians were at home,
constantly coming in, winter approaching. Murat urged
the
eppElimed wper:trh everything necessary, their reinforcements
to
push the campaign to an issue while yet
the weather would permit. But Napoleon certainly was
ussiamseventeen; he waited seventeen days for
peace. Ile
libeywathe Rited
for
the
winter.

His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by Col.
Seymour, honoured the Gallery of Modern German
Artists,
at 168, New Bond-street, with a visit on Satur-
day last. His Royal Highness purchased three large
landscapes, Nos. 28 and 34, by Oswald Achenbach ; and
No. 16, by Becker.
Her Royal
-Highness the Duchess of Cambridge has
wh
deferred her departure from town until Saturday next,
sonen her Royal
Highness removes to Kew for the sea-

Sir James Graham has issued invitations to his col-
leagues in office to a Cabinet dinner on Wednesday next,
the 26th inst., at the Admiralty.
The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland and suite
arrived at Northumberland House yesterday, from Paris.
The Earl and Countess of Caledon and family have
left Carlton-terrace for Caledon Hall, Tyrone.
The Earl of Stradbroke left town yesterday, for
Burghley House, on a visit to the Marquis and Mar-
chioness of Exeter.
His Excellency the Lord-Lieutenant is expected at
Armagh, as the guest of the Primate during the period
of the Royal Agricultural Society's show.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster will
not take their departure from town until the close of
the present month. On leaving Grosvenor House, the
family proceed to Motcombe House, Dorset.

MONEY MARKET

ANT)

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO o'CLOCK.
The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday
were estimated at from 6,000 to 7,000 bales, in-
cluding 1,500 American and 500 Surat taken for
export and on speculation. The market was
heavy, at previous rates. The sales comprised 300
Pernam and Maranham at 50. to 62d., 200 Egyp-
tian at 6d. to 9d., 1,000 Surat at 2d. to 4d.,
and the remainder American. Railway Shares
were dull.

The indigo sales are still going off with compara-
tive briskness.

The amount of duty paid in the United King-
dom upon sugar of all descriptions, during the
fortnight ending the Bth of May last, was 152,0491.,
and in the fortnight to the 22d May, 159,6091.
These particulars are made up to meet an order of
the House of Commons, the intention of Mr. Ri-
cardo being, we presume, to show the movement
of the trade, especially with regard to foreign
sugar, about the time of the duties being altered.
In sugar from the British possessions there was,
during the last fortnight, a great increase, but in
foreign a decrease.

The following is a return of the passengers ar-
rived at the port of Quebec from the opening of
the navigation to June 24, and the same date last
year :

1853. 1854.
From England
„ Ireland 6,883 ... 7,451
„ Scotland
„ Germany 7ll ... 2,170
„ Norway
„ Sweden
~ Lower Ports

15,565 23,225
15,565

Increase in 1854 7,660
The bill which has been introduced for guaran-
teeing the liquidation of the loan for the service
of the colony of Jamaica states, in general terms,
that it is to be secured on the revenues of the
island, and that the amount is not to exceed
500,0001. Any sum which England may be called
upon to advance will be charged afterwards to
Jamaica, with interest at the rate of 5 per cent.
per annum, and no act can be passed by the local
Legislature to alter the nature of the security
given for the loan, unless with the sanction of her
Majesty. The accounts are to be duly laid before
Parliament.

There was a slight improvement yesterday after-
noon in the rates at which bills of exchange were
negotiated upon the principal Continental cities.
Ninety days' paper was at 25 25 to 27k, for Paris,
11 16i to 17 for Amsterdam, 13 51 to 51 on Ham-
burgh, and 12 55 to 13 on Trieste.

The ship Samuel Boddington has arrived from
Melbourne with 24,266 ounces of gold. The Severn
brings 5,6001.

Gold is still in demand for remittance to the
Continent.

A very interesting statement has been compiled
by Messrs. Haggard and Pixley, of the export of
bullion from London during the six months to the
30th ult., and from this it appears the total stands
thus :

1854 1853
Gold 2,819,7001 8,614,0001.
Silver 3,313,350/ 2,186,500/.
The total, therefore, is 6,233,3501. against
10,800,5001. in the first half of 1853, but Messrs.
Haggard estimate that no less than 9,200,9101.
were sent by way of Folkestone and Dover to
France during the six months to June 30.

Accounts of the 6th instant from Smyrna state
that the Austrian Consul had summoned the Rus-
sian merchants, and informed them that be could
no longer be considered as having them under his
protection ; consequently, they would have to look
to some other power.

I The Funds recovered upon the decline of yester-
day, and opened for Consols at 911. to 92, but they
have since been back to 91 1, and are now 91i,
strong buyers. The news of the extending rebel-
lion in Spain caused the market to give way, but
a failure, though not of magnitude, had also an
effect. The settlement of the account, considering
the extensive fluctuation lately, has been progressing
very satisfactorily. Bank Stock has been firm at 211.
India Stock has been quoted 227, and South Sea
Stock 1121. Exchequer Bills are par to 3s. prem.,
and the Bonds of 1859 are at premium.
The Foreign Stock Market has been dull upon
the whole, the only feature being a pressure of
sales in Russian 4z per Cents., which have declined
to 81t. Sardinian Bonds have been at 85 to.
Spanish 3 per Cents. have been done at 36, and the
Deferred at 18, being flat. Dutch 4 per Cents. are
914.

The following are the nominal prices of Foreign
Stocks :—Grenada Deferred Bonds, 6 to 6i ; Mexi-
can, 24f to 21i ; Peruvian, 66 to 68 ; ditto Three
per Cents. 50 to 52 ; Portuguese Four per Cents.
39 to 41 ; Russian Five per Cents. 97 to 99 ;
ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents. 82 toB4 ; Spanish
New Deferred, 171 to l ; ditto Three per Cents.
36 to 37; ditto Certificates, 31 to 4; ditto Passive,
3t04.

In railway shares there is very little doing, but
more elasticity is observable in the quotations.
North-Western, Caledonian, and Midland have
been the principal lines in which business has been
transacted. Foreign shares are very quiet. Zea-
land continued firm at the recent improvement.
The Mining Market is dull, and in the Banks
there is no animation. Crystal Palace are better.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY.—CLOSING PRICES.
( From the °tidal List.)
Rusiness done.
Bank Stock
per Cent. Reduced Annuities.. ......... 91i 21R
3 per Cent Consols Annuities 9li 2 1 4 24
34 per Cent. Annuities 921
India Stock
227
India Bonds, £lOOO
Ditto, under £lOOO 5 p
South Sea Stock

Consols for Account 17th August 9lB 21i 21
Exchequer Bills, 24d.
I:1000
2500 par 3 p
Small 5 1 p
Exchequer Bonds Scrip
Ditto Scrip, 1859
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY.
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £ 5t...,.
Ditto 4i per Cent B4_l
Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent B5
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 36 x d
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent. lB
Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun. 43i
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch Exchange, 2i per Cent. 12 Guil
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certifieates .... 9li
THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols
92
Ditto August Account 92i

NOUVEAU MONDE MINING COMPANY. --A meeting of
the shareholders of this company took place yesterday
afternoon, when a committee was appointed to wait
upon the London management, with the view of ascer-
taining the real position of the undertaking. Com-
plaints are made that no detailed report or accounts
have been furnished for nearly the last 18 months.
EXPORTS OF BULLION.—A statement of the exports
of bullion from London during the half-year ending the
30th ult., compiled by Messrs. Haggard and Pixley,
shows the total to have been 15,331,950/., of which
11,869,0001. was gold, and the remainder silver. Of
this aggregate of gold and silver the proportions were to
India, China, and Mauritius 2,073,130/. (the amount of
silver to China being 1,669,4701.) ; to Australia and
New Zealand, 29,400/. ; to the Continent, 12,187,8201.;
to the Mediterranean, 778,660/. ; to the West Indies,
197,250/. ; to Brazil, 18,700/. ; and to Africa, 47,0001.
EAST INDIA RAILWAY COMPANY.—Advices from Cal-
cutta received by the overland mail regarding the pro-
gress of the East India Railway Company state that
contracts have been entered into for the completion of
the line up to Cawnpore by the 31st of December, 1856,
making an addition of about 700 miles to the 120 miles
already nearly completed. The company, it is said, in-
tend that their own staff should make the remainder of
the line tolAllahabad.
PRICE OF GOLD. —The quotation of gold at Paris is
about 4 per mills discount (according to the last tariff),
which at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10&d. per oz.
for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25.07 ; and, the
exchange at Paris on London at short being 24.95, it
follows that gold is about 0.48 per cent. dearer in Paris
than in London. By advice... 4 from Hamburg the price
of gold is 423/ per mark, which at the English Mint
price of 31. 17s. 101 d. per oz. for standard gold, gives an
exchange of 13.41 ; and, the exchange at Hamburg on
London at short being 13.31, it follows that gold is 0.03
per cent, dearer in Hamburg than in London. The
course of exchange at New York on London for bills at
60 days' sight is 1091 per cent., and, the par of exchange
between England and America being 109 23-40 per
cent., it follows that the exchange is nominally 0.17 per
cent. in favour of England; and, after making allowance
for charges of transport and difference of interest, the
present rate leaves a trifling profit on the importation
of gold from the -United States.