The Sun.
London, England, 1854-01-23 00:00:00

T_EIE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 23, 1854.

acting towards the Muscovites (if attacked by
simply on the defensive ? It is in-
credible.t e m)
The whole country is unanimously
against any such policy on the part of the
Government. Very recently we pointed out the
decisive tone in which the Edinburgh has recently
spoken as to the absolute and imperative necessity
of a war witliyu,ssia being carried out, if once ad-
ventured upon, by a concentration against the
enemy of all our energy, of all our daring, of all
our warlike resources, both military and maritime.
We may now refer no less pointedly to the precisely
similar ardour with which within the last few hours
the old Tory Quarterly has at length re-echoed the
sentiments of her old Whig contemporary. The
whole country, we repeat, is unanimous, all
parties are unanimous—Whigs, Tories, Radicals,
every one—upon this point, as opposed to the
hesitating and timorous policy hitherto persisted
in by the Coalition.

The inauguration of Sir EDWARD &LIVER
LYTTON, as Honorary President of the Associated
Societies of the University of Edinburgh, on
Wednesday evening, afforded him another oppor-
tunity of delivering one of those masterly ora-
tions by which he has already, at intervals,
evidenced the scope of his genius through utter-
ances attesting at once his capacity as a profound
thinker, and his eloquence as a skilled and accom-
plished rhetorician. Everything combined to
invest the occasion of this remarkable Address
with an interest peculiarly calculated to captivate
the popular imagination. It was the welcome by
Scotland of one of the most illustrious of living
Englishmen. It was the organisation upon a new
basis of those learned societies—including the
Dialectic, Diagnostic, Scots-law, and Hunterian
Medical—which were instituted many years back for
the cultivation of oratory, science, and literature.
It was an occasion, moreover, upon which were
assembled together, in honour of the first-elected
President of the Association, many among the
most distinguished representatives of the intel-
lectual power of the age, of its comprehensive
erudition, and of its ripened scholarship. Sir
EDWARD evinced, from the first word to the last,
his appreciation of the importance attached to the
incident of his inauguration. He revealed a per-
fect sense, on his own part, of the value of that
incident as another bond of sympathy, drawing
yet more closely together the fellowship of enthu-
siasm between educated Scotchmen and educated
Englishmen. He betrayed this salutary con-
sciousness, we repeat, throughout the whole of
his harangue, rendering it especially conspicuous
in the exordium and the peroration. In the ex-
ordium by those genial and unstinted panegyrics
on the mental glories of the laud in whose capital
he was speaking, as well as by the fervent and
graceful tributes of admiration offered by him to
the more notable among his Scotch contemporaries.
In the peroration by that adroit reference to
the nationality of his hearers, in which he
blended by a master-touch the severity of re-
proof with the suavity of compliment.
It could not but be interesting to those who
listened to BULWER LYTTON on Wednesday—
children for the most part of that " land of brown
heath"—to hear from his lips the avowal : " The
first poets who charmed me from play in the half-
holidays of school were CAMPBELL and SCOTT—
the first historians who clothed, for me, with life,
the shadows of the past, were ROBERTSON and
HUME— th e first philosopher, who, by the grace of
his attractive style, lured me on to the analysis of
the human mind, was DUGALD STEWART—and
the first novel that I bought with my own money
and hid under my pillow, was the Roderick
Random' of SmoLLErr." Neither could they have
hearkened without some emotion to that catalogue
of their living celebrities, in the enumeration of
which Sir EDWARD directed marked attention to
the " vigorous and rushing verse" of AYTOUN, to
the "wide repute" of RILLaNs, to the "comprehen-
sive science" of HAMILTON, to the union of " all
that is tender and graceful with all that
is hardy and masculine" in the exquisite intellect
of WrLso-N, and, " last but not least," to the
integrity and independence of MACAULAY, to his
luminous genius and his scholastic attainments.
Referring to the close not less earnestly than to
the opening of the Address, we would especially
revert to the consummate skill with which Sir E.
B. LYTTON reminded his auditors as the sons of
Scotland that, while demanding with their ac-
customed energy whatever they might consider
to be equal rights, they would be untrue
to their own glory as a nation, if they
did not feel instinctively that the veritable
majesty of Scotland needs neither the pomp
of courts nor the blazoning of heraldry. "What
though Holyrood be desolate," be exclaimed,
" what though no king holds revel in its halls
—the empire of Scotland has but extended its
range : and, blended with England, under the
daughter of your ancient kings, peoples the Aus-
tralian wilds that lay beyond the chart of COLUM-
BUS, and rules over the Indian realms that eluded
the grasp of ALEXANDER." Adding, while at the
close of his remark he pointed to a banner sus-
pended opposite—" That Empire does not suffice
for you : it may decay, it may perish. More
grand is the domain you have won over human
thought, and identified with the eternal progress
of intellect and freedom. From the charter of
that domain no ceremonial can displace the im-
pression of your seal—in the van of that progress no
blazon can flaunt before that old lion of Scotland."
It is not, however, by these graceful and eloquent
allusions to all that is noblest, and truest, and
loveliest in the devotion of every enlightened Scot
to the soil and the history of his fatherland, that
the speech delivered by Sir BULWER LYTTON on
Wednesday last, in the Queen-street Hall, at
Edinburgh, is alone, or even, by any means, the
most remarkable. It is rather by those interme-
diate portions of it, lying between its opening and
its conclusion—the pith and substance of the era.
tion—in which the orator took so ample and gor-
geous a survey of the prominent glories of a,ncien t li-
tera Lure. It was in t hat comprehensive glance down
the long perspective of the classic past—from which
the speaker drew forth that masterly resume of the
literary achievements of antiquity. Before enter-
ing upon the consideration of this ample theme,
bewildering, indeed, from its amplitude, Sir E. B.
LYTTON endeavoured to impress upon the youth
of Scotland the imperative necessity of com-
bining the twin duties of observation and
inquiry—bearing in mind that " the instincts
of the infant are the primary duties of the
student" remembering that " a man will
always be eminent according to the vigilance
with which ho observes and the acuteness with
which he inquires." Reminding them of that de-
claration of Dr. ARNOLD, that " the difference be-
tween one boy and another was not so much in
talent as in energy," and declaring for his own
part, " 1 ana no believer in genius without labour,
but I do believe that labour, judiciously and con-
tinuously applied, becomes genius in itself "—Sir
EDWARD urgently impressed upon the young
student, whether of science or of literature, the
absolute need of perseverance. And " perse-
verance," said he with an admirable felicity of
expression, " is energy made habitual." Not less
exquisitely epigrammatic, by the way, were those
sentences in which, a little later on, he spoke of
Moral Philosophy as the hand-maid of Divinity,
and as the sister of Jurisprudence. Subsequently
came that magnificent survey of classical litera-
ture, of which we have already spoken in terms
of deserved and unaffected admiration. A sur-
vey, in which, " looking down the abyss of ages,"
the Poet recognised by an intuitive subtlety of
perception that the apparent repose of classic art
was none other than a mere effect of distance.
[After the lapse of two thousand years, lie argued,
"if we do not see all the play of the waves it is
because we do not stand on the beach."] A sur-
vey in which the Philosopher beheld along the
marge of Paganism the dim adumbration of
the approaching Christianity. [" When we
look from ARISTOTLE to his great master
PLATO," said. BITL WEE LYTTON, " it is as if
we looked from Nature up to Nature's Gon."]
A survey in which the Orator discovered abound-
ing materials for the display of all the resources

of his gdnins as a rhetorician. Such are among a
few of the impressions produced by this memo-
rable inaugurative Address of Sir E. B, LYTTON,
as Honorary President of the Associated Societies
of the University of Edinburgh.

Manchester plainly is not, and none of us ought
to be, tired of the Education Question. The late
census report, and numerous particular reports,
assure us of the astonishing illiteracy of the poorer
classes. Mr. HORACE MANN, of the Census Office;
Dr. HOOK, the active Vicar of Leeds; Mr. VANDER-
KIST, town missionary of the metropolitan suburb
of Camberwell ; Mr. LOGAN, in the same employ-
ment at the busy manufacturing town of Bradford,
in Yorkshire ; the Registrar of Births and Mar-
riages testifying to the number of crosses in lieu of
names, which appear in his records ; indeed every
person who in some official capacity, or from
purely benevolent inquiries, is entitled to be lis-
tened to, tells one and the same tale ; the melan-
choly one, that, after the immense efforts which
have been made, our lower classes are still most
deplorably uneducated. Whether, then, the
views of the intelligent and benevolent gentlemen
who met at Manchester on the 18th be right or
wrong, they are most certainly right on the main
point, that something more needs to be done than
is now doing ; indeed a great deal more. This
first point, after all Mr. BAINES' most creditable
statistics, we think must be regarded as settled.
Another point is surely clear also, that religious
zeal has retarded as well as promoted education.
To Dissenters, we must, with Lord BROUGHAM,
give the credit of commencing the work of educating
the poor, and of carrying it on by Sunday schools,
until they aroused the Church to educate also in self-
defence. Hence, undesignedly, a double evil per-
vaded all ; education became a sectarian work,
the knowledge useful for this world became merely
the inducement to learn a creed supposed to be
indispensable to salvation in the next, or too often
a bribe to swell the numbers of the denomination
which bestowed it ; and not only did education
become sectarian, but the sectarian element de-
pressed the catholic and national element. The
instruction in the knowledge which all equally re-
quire to raise them the first step above animal
existence, and to qualify them to be members of
civilised society, could not interest these educators
equally with the knowledge peculiar to their own
denomination, and which might qualify them to
be members of the sect. We wish not to be un-
derstood as writing in censure ; we thoroughly
respect the conscious motives of the greater part of
the Religious Educationists, but we must think
they have not opened their eyes sufficiently.
Honestly zealous to propagate through school in-
struction what they deemed religious truth, they
have overlooked this plain fact, that their first zeal
should have been to make their pupils rational,
thinking, active-minded creatures; and their next,
to plant religious principles in ground where they
could strike lasting root, and not be withered al-
most immediately " because there was no depth of
earth." Nothing but superstition can ever be for
long the religion of the grossly ignorant. Where
Christianity does not educate, it will soon be lost
in essence, if not in name ; in idolatry of priestly
power, even if it banish idols of wood and stone ;
and where superstition does not follow, stolid
apathy towards any form of religion is the ordi-
nary concomitant of mental vacuity. This, in-
deed, according to the best testimony, is the pre-
dominant characteristic of the 5, 000, 000 persons,
the 1,000,000 families, not connected with and
not attending any religious worship whatever.
We have no doubt at all that had our religious
educators been as zealous to furnish the minds of
the populace with thorough elementary secular
knowledge, above all to communicate it in a way
to rouse the children's mental faculties, as they have
been to impart religious knowledge, the result
would have been widely different.
The Manchester gentlemen propose to meet the
case by a plan of which the leading features are-
-Ist. That local rates shall be levied and admini-
stered by local authorities. 2d. That in the
ordinary school hours religion shall not be a part
of the instruction given. Though, if the building
has been erected by voluntary contributions in whole
or in part, religious instruction may be given in
hours specially appropriated to it. One would
think this plan must have special attractions for
zealousSabbatari ans. It would leave them free, as is
generally the case in Scotland, to appropriate the
Sunday School instruction to religious knowledge
exclusively. The Voluntaries also are largely pro-
pitiated. In the first place, as it is taxation for
religious teaching only which they object to on
principle, the taxation will not be for religious
teaching at all, but merely to remove a mental
nuisance as mischievous surely as any attacked by
a Health of Towns Act. Again, rates levied by
the majority of ratepayers on themselves, and
administered by officers of their own selection,
and for objects in which all can participate, and by
whose attainment all are benefited, is the nearest
possible approach to voluntaryism itself. The
Political Economists, too, may well be conciliated;
for strongly as they object to training people to
rely on Governmental aid for what they can do
themselves, they must own that if local levy-
ing and management of highway rates, light-
ing rates, water rates, &c., is rather doing our
own work than letting Government do it for
us, it must be doing our own work
when we lay rates for schools and man-
age them by our own officers. We confess
to great jealousy of any proposition like Lord
JOHN'S last year, to remove the ratepayers' money
from their own control, and to place it virtually
in Government hands. The old English and
municipal principle must be carried out to the let-
ter, of putting the whole thing in the hands of
those by whose money it is supported. If this be
done, it ceases, in fact, to be Government educa-
tion, in the current sense of the phrase. It is
the education of the people by the people. To
make it more complete, and to induce the poorest
to send their children to the school, if only from
the low motive of getting something for their
money, the proposed School Rate might be made
imperative on all but pauper families. It would
tend, in addition, to elevate their relation to the
schools, and to increase their interest in their
efficiency, and would probably not be so much,
or by a little good management need never ex-
ceed what the better part of the poor now pay in
school pence.
The chief objectors to this plan can be but of
two classes ;—either those who persist in believ-
ing it to be impossible to teach lessons in writing,
reading, and arithmetic, with some geography"
and history in one hour of theday;and in religion
at another ; or who think it indispensable that the
schoolmaster should do what tens of thousands of
ministers are paid to do as their sole work, or what
parents can best of all do at home ; or those who,
professing zeal for education, are incurably
determined to mean by it youthful proselytism.
For the latter there is no help. The Church
Catechism, the Assembly's Catechism, or some
Dissenting Catechism, are to them the Alpha and
the Omega of education. As to all other books,
with the exception of One, their view probably
coincides in substance with that of the Mahome-
tans who burnt the Alexandrian Library,—the
volumes of which were pronounced useless if. not
contained in the Koran, pernicious if opposed to
it. The former class of objectors, though toler-
ably stiff for their formula, should not, we think,
object to what is asked ; that is, a fair trial in a
few towns, to whom permission should be legally
given to make the experiment, if a reasonable
majority of the rate-payers wish it. A few years
trial in a few places could do no great harm. No
more is asked. And after it had been made we
might all, perhaps, be wiser than we are. We
should have either a beacon or a model. The
Voluntaries have been tried and have done nobly.
The advocates of State grants have been tried
and done nobly too ; but they have both left a
vast field untilled. The Public School Associa-
tion say, " Let us try our hands on it,"—and we
reply, " With all our hearts, and may your trial
be successful."

ARRIVALS OF SPECIE.—The arrivals of specie during
the week have been large—namely, 640,0001., of which
one•half was silver. The exports are estimated at nearly
400,0001., of which about one-third was silver,

MONEY MARKE T

AND
COMMEi?CIAL INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.

The sales of cotton at Liverpool on Saturday were
estimated at 5,000 bales, all to the trade. The
market closed steadily, without alteration in prices.
The sales comprised 4,500 American ; 200 Bahia,
at fild. ; 200 Egyptian at, bid. to 8d ; and 70 Sea
Islands, at ls. 3d. to is. Bd. per lb. Railway
shares were firmer.

The corn trade is steady to-day, at last Monday's
rates.

A feeling of the deepest regret has been expres-
sed at the loss of the ship Tayleur, off Lambay
Island, with 675 emigrants on board, of whom only
230 were saved. She was bound from Liverpool to
Melbourne.

BRITISH MINTS.—This thy the market wears a
more favourable aspect than for the last few days.
Steady inquiries exist for Alfred Consols at 26 ex
div. ; Bullers, 1,100 ; Bassets, 650 655 ; Uniteds,
200 210 ; Seton, 206 ; Wheal Edward, 3 42- ; North
Pool, 200 205 ; Batvahs, 110 ; Combmartins, 45.,
4s. 6d., 55., and 6s. 6d. ; Treweathers, 41 ; East
Russells, 6 ; Devon and Courtney, 1; East Bo-
soms, 4 ; Poltimores, 14 ; Sortridge Consols,
255. 30s. ; Wheal Lious, 31 ; Mixon Great Con-
sols, z ; and Great. Tregune Consols, 31 ,L
The current prices for the Jamaica Mines not
officially quoted,- are this morning, as follows :
Jamaica, par to premium ; Metcalfe, #to g pre-
mium ; Sue River, discount to par ; Port Royal,
to g premium.

The report issued by the Port-Philip and Colo-
nial Gold Mining Company, preparatory to their
meeting of to-morrow, is as fair a statement as we
have yet seen from any similar undertaking, however
the shareholders may be disappointed that up to
the present time there are no practical results in
the shape of a dividend. The managers of the
company have endeavoured to make available every
source of income, whether by gold buying, smelt-
ing and assaying, or the working of a mineral lease,
but there has been such delay by the Colonial Go-
vernment in granting the latter, that the company's
operations in that direction can scarcely be said to
have commenced. The balance-sheet shows to the
debit of the Melbourne establishment, 55,1561;
gold, 34,341/.
These sums represent the amount of the corn..
pany's outlay from the first, in sending out the two
expeditions ; cost of materials and stores; purchase
of the store at Forest Creek ; cost of house and
land at Melbourne ; transporting the miners, &c.,
up the country; salaries and wages, and other ex-
penses ; and the amount invested in the business of
gold buying.
When the directors shall receive the
accounts to the end of the past year, they will be
enabled to give a full account of this expenditure.
In
propertymeantime,
September
remaining
last
th i
followingElhe colony
t may be stated as
on the 30th
Cash in the Bank and at Bendigo £16,581 4 1
Land buildings, &c
Stores remaining on hand 11,115 0 0
Assay Office
Mining Materials 4,000 0 0
Provisions, Cattle, &c 4,635 0 0

£47,814 0 1
The property in England is given as follows :
X. s. d.

Cash at the Banker's on 31st Dec
1853 1,380 10 3
Loans on Securities 11,594 8 4

12,974 18 7

The directors of the Caledonian Railway have
issued a circular promising full explanations, at a
fitting opportunity, to the pamphlet published by
one of their number, and impugning their arrange-
ments with other companies.
The railway meetings announced are the follow-
ing :
Company. Date. Place.
Cork and Bandon ...... Feb. 8, Cork.
Great Sn. and Wn. Ireland Feb. 25, Dublin.

Llaneliy Railway and Dock Jan. 30, London Tavern.
London and South-Western Feb. 16.

London, Brighton, & S. Coast Jan. 26, Bridge-house-hotel
North Staffordshire
Paris and Rouen Jan. 31, Paris.

Great agitation has prevailed again in the Eng-
lish stock market, and the quotations have been
considerably depressed relatively to what has
occurred of late, when they have stood so firm.
The decline is 1 per cent upon Saturday's rates.
Consols have been 90g and 91, and are now 90 to
.
The news from Russia, although still unauthen-
ticated, is so like what we may expect, that public
securi ties fal Iby anticipation. The New 3 I per Cents.
have been 911 to 92, and the Three per Cents. 91
and since 90g. Exchequer Bills have been Gs. to 10s.
premium, and India Bonds par. South Sea Stock
is quiet at 115.
Foreign Securities have been lower, owing to
the decline in the English funds. Mexican Bonds
have dropped to 23 and 22-4, and Spanish are heavy
at 401 for the Three per Cents. The political
crisis at Madrid is calculated to excite uneasiness,
several Generals having been exiled, and the
Finance Minister reinstated. The Certificates have
been at 3,t to 4± per cent. Russian Stock is down
1 per cent., being at 107 for the 5 per cents. The
41 per Cents. have fallen to 90 and 88. Dutch 2i
per Cents. bring 61k.
The Railway Share Market has been fully 1 per
cent. lower, all round, and the sales have been
general in London and North-Western, Caledonian,
Midland, and the principal lines.
French shares have fallen about 1/. each, which
is equal to nearly 5 per cent. The reaction at
Paris has been very severe.
Gold Mine Shares have been a little flatter, but
without any important change.
The Australian Bank Shares have been 1/. to 2/.
cheaper, and the Australian have fallen about 21.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY.
(Prom the Official List.)
Business done.
Bank Stock 2154
per Cent. Reduced Annuities 904 1,1 90i
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 904 4 4 90
New 34 per Cent. Annuities 924 la 2 1t;
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860
Ditto 30 Years, Expire sth Jan., 1860 4 15-16
India Bonds, £IOOO
Ditto, under £lOOO l4sp
South Sea Stock
South Sea Old Annuities lOO4
Consols for Account 15th Feb.......... 90 1 93i 90
Exchequer Bills, ld.
£l000
£5OO
Small 7 10 7 p
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. 973
Danish Bonds, 1825, 3 per Cent
Ditto 5 per Cent •••••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 99i
Mexican 3 per Cent.
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent 37
Ditto, 1848, 3 per Cent 34
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £St lO7 63 54
Ditto 44 per Cent 9O 88 7
Ditto Small
Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent.. ...... .
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 4Ol 394
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent. l9
Spariish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun. 44 3i 41 p c
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch Exchange, 24 per Cent. 12 Guil
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates ....
THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols 904
Ditto February Account

ODESSA.—The Odessa dates are to the 9th of January.
It was known at that period that the combined fleets
were in the Black Sea, and the news had at first created
much alarm, but the markets subsequently recovered,
and even the rate of exchange showed no alteration.
Ships continued to arrive in large numbers, and freights
were rapidly falling. According to a teleraphic despatch
received by a city firm, a Russian merchant ship, which
had arrived at the mouth of the Bosphorrs with a cargo
of wheat on her way to France, had been ordered back
by the French Admiral.
BRUSSELS.—Letters from Brussels state that an im-
mediate advance in the rate of discount is expected to
be announced by the National Bank of Belgium. Up
to the present time it has been as low as 2 per cent.,
while the ordinary terms of discount with private esta-
blishmerits have been 14 per cent.
DEPARTURE OF THE AMERICAN MAILS.—Atone o'clock
p.m. on Saturday, the British and North American
Royal Mail steamship Arabia, Captain C. H. E. Jud-
kins, after undergoing considerable repairs, sailed from
fie Mersey for Boston and Halifax, with the usual
mails for the Western Continent ; about 50 passengers
and a very large and valuable cargo of merchandise on
freight.
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT VICTORIA ARCHERY TAVERN,
HYDE-PARK-SQUARE.—This morning, at half-past three
o'clock, a fire, attended with great loss of property,
broke out at Mr. T. C. Rennison's Victoria Archery
Tavern, near Hyde-park-square. The police on duty
discovered the smoke issuing from the back part of
the premises, and instantly raised an alarm, but it was
with some difficulty that the inmates effected a safe re-
treat. So strong a hold had the fire obtained, that the
back of the premises was shortly in one mass of flames,
and they were not subdued until the back room ground
floor, staircase second fluor, and roof were destroyed.
Contents insured in the Royal Exchange. The cause of
the fire unknown,

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

REPLY OF THE CZAR TO THE VIENNA
PROPOSITIONS.

It will be seen from the subjoined, which is
positively stated to form part of the next Russian
declaration on the Eastern question, that the Czar
has completely rejected the project last concocted
at Vienna. The anticipated rupture between him
and England and France is confirmed by this docu-
ment, and henceforth, therefore, all mediation on
behalf of the Porte by those two Powers will be of
no avail whatever :

"The Vienna propositions, besides being incom-
patible with the Emperor's dignity, only serve to
divert attention from the real question at issue
between Russia and the Porte, and they are, there-
fore, unconditionally rejected.
" To prove, however, that he is still inclined to
treat, the Emperor has appointed Prince Gortscha-
koff his Plenipotentiary ; and to him the Porte has
to apply whenever it is inclined to negotiate. Such
a step on the part of the Porte will, however, be
useless should it act under the erroneous impres-
sion that the Emperor will depart from any condi-
tion laid down by Prince Menschikoff.
" Any Plenipotentiary by the Porte must be pro
vided with a firman, in which it is specified that the
Porte, considering the present difference to be ex-
clusively between Russia and itself, acknowledges
that it must be settled between those two Powers
alone."

The above may be taken to be a prelude to a
formal declaration of war by Russia against Eng-
land and France, if indeed it does not itself partake
of that character, when we couple with it the en-
trance of the combined fleets into the Black Sea,
which the Emperor is always said to have considered
would be a casus belli.

THE SULTAN'S REPLY TO THE NOTE OF
THE FOUR POWERS.

The following is the translation of the reply of
the Sublime Porte to the collective note of the
Four Powers :

" His Majesty the Sultan has perused with at-
tention the British Ambassador's note of Dec. 12,
respecting the bases proposed for a treaty of peace,
and identical with those of his colleagues, the re-
presentatives of France, Austria, and Prussia, sent
in collectively on the same day, and it results
therefrom that his Majesty the Emperor of Russia
manifests pacific intentions.
" The Sublime Porte has waged war solely in
its own defence--in defence of its sacred rights and
sovereignty—and as there is nothing to affect them
in this proposal, it has been deemed expedient to
adopt it with a view to the restoration of peace—
his Imperial Majesty, moreover, being actuated in
this circumstance by the highest consideration for
his august allies, by an ardent desire of conforming
to their wishes, and by implicit faith in their
councils.

" Accordingly, on resuming the negotiations, the
first point to establish will be the evacuation of the
Principalities within the shortest possible delay ;
and the second, the renewal of the treaties, to
which the Sublime Porte assents, in deference to
the advice of the Allied Powers, and in the unde-
viating spirit of moderation by which it has been
guided throughout in these transactions.

" With regard to the religious privileges and im-
munities of the various non-Mussulman commu-
nions, subject to the Ottoman Government, these
have been accorded in ancient times by the illus-
trious ancestors of his Imperial Majesty, and re-
confirmed by himself in virtue of a hatti-sheriff
recently emanated to that effect. These grants
and franchises, moreover, the Sublime Porte has
been ever anxious to maintain—and will maintain
perpetually—as has been long since solemnly pro-
claimed to all Europe by the promulgation of the
Tanzimat. Moreover, should any one of those com-
munions possess ad van ages unenjoyed by the others,
and these desire to participate therein—the Otto-
man Government, animated by sentiments of jus-
tice and impartiality, will never refuse to dispense
equal rights and equal privileges to all. Neither
can there be the slightest objection to notify the
sincerity and loyalty of these intentions to every
Government in Europe, and to furnish each—and
necessarily the cabinet of St. Petersburg—with a
copy of the aforesaid firmans.

.11 The project of settlement, concerning the mea-
sures required to complete the decision relative to
the Holy Places, will be accepted definitively.
" Hence, the Sublime Porte is ready to conclude
a treaty of peace, in the manner traced out by its
august allies—and consents, accordingly, to ap-
point a plenipotentiary, who, with a Russian
plenipotentiary, will finally regulate this affair,
and settle the terms of an armistice, in any neutral
town at the choice of the Allied Powers—as soon
as intelligence is received that the Court of St.
Petersburg has acquiesced in these decisions.
" In consequence of the many and various rela-
tions existing between Turkey and the European
states, the Sublime Porte considers itself in every
respect entitled to be admitted as a member of the
European federation, and conformably with this
situation it will be requisite to confirm and complete
the treaty of 1841, and this result. It awaits with
entire confidence in the good offices and solicitude
of the great powers.
"Forty days ought to suffice to make known the
decision of the Russian Cabinet, and the Sublime
Porte solicits its august allies to direct their atten-
tion to that object.
" Finally, with a view of insuring to all classes
of his subjects the blessings of justice and security,
his Majesty the Sultan is most anxious to sae in
full vigour the enactments of the Tanzimat—and
to introduce into all departments of state the re-
quisite reforms and ameliorations—and to this end,
has deigned to issue orders for considering and
completing that most important object. This cir-
cumstance I feel most happy to announce, and it
will afford, no doubt, the highest satisfaction to
the friends and well-wishers of the Ottoman em-
pire.

(Signed) "IVII7STAPHA RESCHID.
"Rainlevel, 30, 1270."

DEPARTURE OF THE FLEETS FROM
CONSTANTINOPLE.

At 11 o'clock in the morning of the sth inst.,
the whole of the Anglo-French fleet was out of
sight of Constantinople, as was also the Turkish
convoy, consisting of five frigates and six tran-
sports.
The Porte continued its armaments.

In addition to the reinforcements despatched to
Batoum by the above convoy, six battalions of
infantry and two companies of artillery was shortly
to be despatched to Kars.
For two or three days previous to the day on
which the fleet started every preparation was made.
The steamers lighted their fires, the ships of the
line loosened their sails, and signals were exchanged
from one squadron to the other, but the weather
was so bad, the current so rapid, and the wind from
the N.E. blew in such heavy gusts, that the two ad-
mirals hesitated, and postponed the intended move-
ment. At length, on the morning of the 3d the wind
veered round to the S.W., and the entrance to the
Black Sea was free. At daylight an order was given
to get under weigh. A large crowd had assembled
on the shore of Therapia to witness the magnificent
spectacle. Eighteen powerful frigates were seen
getting up their steam at the same time ; small
sailing vessels were gliding along between the larger
ships, and tho latter weighed their anchors, made
fast to the steamers, which were to take them in
tow, and loosened their sails, and in a short time a
general movement was visible. Later in the day,
however, the wind again lulled, and it was not un-
til the following day that the whole of the fleets,
which consist of 33 vessels, of which 15 are of the
line, had all entered the Black Sea.

A correspondent of the Pays says :—" The
Henri IV. was the first to start in tow of a frigate,
and proudly passed along with every sail set. The
others followed, each as they were ready, and as
the French fleet was at anchor in advance of the
English, it had the apparent honour of leading the
van. But when the English line-of-battle ship the
Queen, bearing the flag of Admiral Lyons, got
under weigh without waiting to be taken in tow,
and dashed into the Bosphorus with all the preci-
sion and rapidity of a steamer, a shout was raised
on the shore in applause of the admirable way in
which she was handled."

The French and English Ambassadors at Con-
stantinople communicated to the Porte the in-
structions sent to them relative to the manner in
which the combined fleets would have to act in the
Black Sea. These instructions enjoin them, it is said,
" to accompany the Turkish vessels, and to protect
them, on condition that these latter do not re-
move more than four miles from the coasts of the
Turkish territory. Should the Russians attack the
Turkish vessels within that distance, the combined

fleets will be justified in at once bringing them to
action." The representatives of Austria and Prussia
made extraordinary efforts to prevent, or even to
retard, the entry of the fleets. They declared that
they would remain altogether unconnected with
that course of proceeding ; and whon at last they
found that all their persuasions and efforts were in
vain, they handed to the Porte, to Lord Stratford
do Redcliffe, and to General Baraguay d'Hilliers,
a written communication, in which they repeated
their declaration that they intended to remain com-
pletely strangers to the act about to be accomplished
before them. The general, in reading the docu-
ment, replied, it is said, rather laconically, to the
effect that, " the communication just made was not
of a nature to change, in any respect, the course
which the fleets were on the point of adopting, and
that they were, in fact, executing to the letter the
instructions received from their Governments at
home."

As to Lord Stratford de Redeliffe, it is alleged
he refused even to hear the note of M. de Bruck
and De Wildenbruck read.

ME WXR ON THE DANUBE.

Letters from Krajova, dated the 14th January,
mention that since the 10th the Turks had not
quitted Kalafat and. the neighbouring villages,
While the Russians ktd not made any new
movement. The garrison of Krajova, which
marched on the 7th for the Danube, had returned
on the 10th, without having taken part in any of
the combats.

The whole corps of General Aurep was concen-
trated in Lesser Wallachia, and it was believed
that Prince G-ortschakoff had established his head-
quarters at Pojana. The Hospodars of Moldavia
and Wallachia had refused the pension which the
Czar had offered them, and protest against the
Russian usurpation.
Early on the morning of the 12th of January
General Englehardt, with a corps of 2,000 men,
crossed the Danube from Galatz, in steamers, and
burnt two Turkish villages.

Five battalions had embarked to cross the river
and to support him.
The spot where the Russians crossed lies between
Matschin and Isaktcha. They had erected en-
trenchments on the right bank.
Up to eight o'clock on the evening of the 12th,
not a shot had been heard in intimation that the
Turks had attacked the invaders.

At Reni, on the left bank of the Pruth, at its
junction with the Danube, the Russians had made
a speedy passage, and had entrenched themselves
there.

The latest advices from Lesser Wallachia left
Prince Gortschakoff at Krajova, employed in con-
centrating his forces at Radovan, prior to a grand
attack on Kalafat.

Advices from Orsova, of the 21st inst., published
by the Fremden-Blatt, state that the Russians had
crossed the Danube near Silistria, and occupied the

same.

We learn from Bucharest, date Jan. 19, that an
encounter took place on the 13th. The Turks at-
tacked two companies of Russian Guards on the
island opposite Ibraila, and tried to cover the attack
by the guns of Matschin.
The Turks were repulsed from the island.
The Russians were repulsed from Matschin,
without much loss.

Five hundred men had already been enrolled at
Bucharest in the Russian volunteer corps;
The Porte still urges the publication of the fir-
man relieving Servia from a Russian protectorate,
and insists on the Hospodar declaring in favour of
Turkey.