The Sun.
London, England, 1854-01-20 00:00:00

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. SHIPPING IN TELLI GENC E.

JANUARY 17.--JAMES SIMPSON, ESQ.%, PRESIDENT,
IN THE CHAIR.— The discussion was renewed on Mr.
Harrison's paper " On the Drainage of the District South
of the Thames." After reviewing the objections to the
proposed main sewer of eight feet diameter, and its tri-
butaries, or feeders, it was explained that the general
dimensions had not been assumed as fixed, but only as
data to argue upon ; the practical area, as well as the
ultimate direction, remaining to be settled by more care-
ful investigation. It might be preferable to construct
two parallel sewers, to be used and cleansed by flushing,
or otherwise, alternately, or used for fecal matter, or
for rain water alternately. As to cleansing, it was ob-
*led that the velocity of 1k miles per hour would be
insufficient, and a scouring power of three miles per
hour was demanded by one authority, whilst another
stated that a sewer constructed on a dead level, on ac-
isount of the difficulty of obtaining outfall, was effectually
flushed by having gates at intervals of 1,600 feet. At
Eton, the main sewer was stated to be horizontal, but
having a good supply of water constantly running through
it, no deposit occurred. The quantity of water that
could be brought to bear on the Lambeth main sewer
being unlimited, and used at each tide, it was argued
that the velocity of 1k miles per hour would suffice to
keep it clear.
The plan of the double reservoirs for the discharge of
the sewage into the Thames would obviate any objec-
tions. One reservoir would be filled at low water to
that level, from the river, ready to receive the sewage ;
the other would be filled with the sewage to a height of
two feet to six feet above that level ; into this latter, as
the tide rose, the water would be admitted, the gates
at the upper end being closed ; at the turn of the tide,
the lower gates being opened, the contents of the reser-
voir would be permitted to flow freely out, carrying away
the whole of the sewage matter accumulated during the
past 121 hours, and commencing its exit at the turn of
the top of the tide, the matter would never return with-
in half a mile of the spot whence it started. The capacity
of the reservoirs being regulated accordingly, there would
be no objection to discharging at low water, in cases of
heavy rain, as then both reservoirs would be used simul-
taneously for receiving the well-diluted sewage. Even
admitting certain valid objections to a flushing system,
it was agreed to be more simple, and quite as effect-
tual as the pumping system, whilst it was decidedly
more economical and less liable to derangement. Allu-
sion was made to the present comparative levels of the
river Thames and the Lambeth district, and it was sug-
gested whether the bed of the Thames, like that of the
Mississippi, the Po, the Arno, and other streams, had
not been artificially raised by alluvial deposit ; and if so,
whether a eertain extent of embanking of the shores, so
as to restrict the channel, without too much reducing
the area for flood waters, would not deepen the centre,
and afford a better outfall for the sewers at any given
point. Instances of the employment of the liquid sewage
for agricultural purposes were mentioned, and it was
urged that the introduction of water supply for habita-
tions should always be followed by utilising sewage
from them, and that thus a valuable interchange
might be established. To this it was replied that
the comparative value of the rental of agricultural
land, and of that of the same area covered with
buildings, would show that no parallel existed between
the water supply to houses and that of pumping
liquid manure for agricultural purposes, and that the
schemes for that purpose were, with few exceptions,
fallacious. As to the general question of the drainage
of London, it was argued that, with a good system of
intercepting sewers, the gravitation plan could be
adopted, for the upper districts, on both sides of the
river, and on the north side the whole sewage might be
so disposed of ; but on the south side, on account of the
deficiency of fall, it would probably be necessary to re-
sort to a system of pumping the low sewerage, at some
point, say at Deptford Creek, and there lifting it to such
a height as to give the requisite fall from thence, by a
sewer, into reservoirs, as proposed by Mr. Harrison,
whence the matter should be delivered into the river,
without any deodorising, at a point low down, at the
first turn of the tide from high water, so as to preclude the
possibility of any pollution of the stream above the point
of the admission of the sewage. It was contended, that
the same skill by which steam power was enabled to be
continuously used for long sea voyages, could preclude
any but very remote chance of casualty from a derange-
ment of the pumping apparatus, and that in the cases of
excessive rainfall, flooding might be prevented by per-
mitting the pregent outfalls into the river to be used. As
to the general question of deodorising, it was argued
that, like the employment of the diluted sewage for
agricultural purposes, the schemes might be feasible for
small towns, but that the immense quantity proceeding
from such an area of houses as in London, appeared to
preclude the general adoption of the system. Up to
the present time it appeared that all the plans proposed
for the drainage of the southern district were defective
in providing capacity of main sewers, for conveying
away the excessive rainfall, the amount of which were
quoted to the meeting from returns supplied from re-
turns supplied from the Royal Observatory at Green-
wich. It was shown that at present, when a heavy
rainfall occurred simultaneously with a high tide, the
districts by the York-road and along the river side
down to Bermondsey and lower down, were flooded
from the river which flowed over the surface and

NOTICE TO MARINERS.

LIGHTS AT SOUTHSOA CASTLE.—The Hydrographic
Office has given notice that on Tuesday some experiments
were commenced with the Light on Southsea Castle, and
that, therefore, the Southsea Light is not to be considered
as any guide until further notice be given.

CUSTOM HOUSE, JAN. 19.
ENTERED INWARDS. —The Alexandrine, from N
York ; Elise, do. ; Leander, Caon ; dohannes, Baltimore
Hestoria, Belize • Clara Ann, Now Orleans ; Blake, Cal
lao ; Mercia, Melbourne ; Monarch, Whampoa, ; Diligence,
Caen.

ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING.—The Fammel, for
Aarhuus ; Mary, New Orleans ; Era, St. Thomas ; Rufi•na,
Malaga, &c. ; Medallion, Boston ; Racer, Sydney ; John
Bright, Hobart Town ; Taymonth Castle, Adelaide ;
Chandernagore, Geelong; Ontario, Port Philip ; Protec-
tion, Trinidad; Camerton, Berbice ; Templar, Antwerp;
Marcia, Syney, N.S.W.
CLEARED OUTWARDS WITH CARGO.--The Adelherd, for
.Antwerp; Constantine, Santa Cruz, &c. ; Phoenix, Syd-
ney ; Tiurua, Valencia ; Sarah Ann, Leghorn ; Eme raid,
Antigua.

LIVERPOOL, JAN. 19.

The Advance, of and from Boston to Rio de la Hac the,
was fallen in with, Dec. 31, long. 32, with loss of nat
►in-
mast, all sails, except the flying jib, leaking very fast, t tnd
unmanageable ; crew taken off and landed at this port,
.per
the Falcon.

The Engineer, hence to Barbaclees (loss of water), out
eleven days ' • North Star, hence to New York (with cargo
shifted) ; and Courier de Messina, henco to Trieste-- at
Queenstown. , •
The Broom, from Quebec, in going into Brunswich Dock
to-day, drove her anchor through her bow, and when
docked had 6 feet water in her hold.

COUNTRY MARKETS,

DERBY SMITHFIELD-JAN. 17.

down the gullies into the rivers, whence it flooded the
houses. Therefore, a greater pumping power would
be required than had been mentioned, if the habi-

EDINBURGH GRAIN.-JAN. 18.

tations were to be guaranteed from casualty, as they
should be under a new and expensive system. It was
contended that the outfall should be extended even below
Greenwich, as any system of sewerage for the southern
districts should be permanent, and allow for any amount
of extension of buildings to the eastward. It was hoped
that the facts elicited by the discussion would be found
service-able in determining the ultimate system to be
adopted, and that special care would be taken to avoid
the fallacies which, it was contended, had been promul-
gated in some of the documents emanating, " by au-
thority," from the General Board of Health ; par "icu-
larly in the " Minutes of information, collected with
reference to works fit for the removal of soil water, or
drainage of dwelling-houses, public edifices, &c." (1852).
Numerous errors, both of theory and practice, contained
in these documents, were pointed out ; and it was con-
tended that they set at nought all the received laws of
hydraulics, the formulas of De Buat and other experi-
menters of acknowledged scientific skill, and even the
" Principia" of Newton, and only substituted fallacies
for those rules which had hitherto formed the basis of the
best practice. The tendency of such publications was
contended to be very mischievous, and it was incumbent
on practical engineers to furnish an antidote, by a
careful examination of the published statements and an
exposition of the errors ; this was undertaken to be done,
and was promised to be laid before an early meeting of
the institution. Specimens were exhibited of Mr. Aus-
tin's perforated bricks and blocks, with dovetailed joints,
for straight work and for circular oval culverts ; their
merit was stated to consist in imparting great strength
and solidity to the work, with the parallel joints, usinc,
less mortar or cement, and enabling great speed to be
employed in laying the blocks. The larger perforations
were stated to be intended for ventilation, for channels
for warmed air, or for passing holding-down belts, where
the bricks were used instead of stone, for masses to re-
sist, impact, or strain. A simple and effective trough,
with a cover, for containing the underground wires of
the electric telegraph, was also on the table, and in the
ante-room there were several ingenious sewer-grate traps,
and other accessories for sewerage works, the invention
of Mr. Austin and of Mr. Jennings.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.

LIVERPOOL POULTRY SHOW.—The first annual ex-
hibition of poultry opened at Lucas's Carriage Re-
pository, Liverpool, on Tuesday. Although as regards
numbers, the Birmingham show was greater than
the Liverpool; the opinion is generally expressed
that the present excels it in quality. The birds were
placed in double tiers, securing an avenue for pro-
menade. There were 1,300 fowls entered for show, contri-
buted from all parts of the country, amongst which may
be mentioned Captain Hornby's black Spanish fowls, Mr.
Gilbert W. Moss's bantams, Mr. Worra's celebrated
Rouen ducks (which have obtained seven first-class
medals), and the equally celebrated Cochin fowls of
Messrs. Stowe and C. Ransom. The judges of the fowls
were Mr. Bailey, of Mount-street, London, and Mr.
Hewitt, of Birmingham, who are shed to be the firat
judges in England of this peculiar' branch.

- A PLEASANT LOOK OUT I—After two or three months
in the Black Sea, and two or three days of warm weather,
our fleets will be functi officio by having blown the Rus-
sian armaments out of water, and her seaports into the
mud ; at which Russia will laugh, as she has no com-
merce of her own. And with such a small body of
troops as we shall be able to spare—we only had fifty thou-
sand in the Peninsular campagn—in order to keep up
our part of war we shall have to recur to the old plan
of subsidising other nations Turkey, Austria, and
Prussia. And, as before, every year their armies will
wait the arrival of the subsidy from England before they
take the field to fight in what will substantially be their
own quarrel. And having once got into the war, we shall
have to go through with it at all costs, lest what has
been done already may have been in vain, or that the
Turks should say we have deserted them.—Russia in
the Right ; Or, The Other Side of the Turkish Question—
by .I.llloseley.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—DARK DAYS AND LONG
NIGHTS.—The necessity of having the most perfect eye-
sight and hearing.—Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians
and oculists, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—
opposite the York Hotel. Newly-invented preserving
Spectacle Lenses. Immediately they are placed before
extremely imperfect vision, every object appears clear and
distinct; the most aged, defective sight becames bright
and brilliant, is brought to its youthful, natural, and ori-
ginal state.—Royal Exhibitions, 1851.- —A valuable, newly-
invented, very small powerful waistcoat-pocket glass,
the size of a walnut, by which a person can be
seen and known one mile and a half distant ; they
answer every pm-pose on the race-course, at the opera
houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen
I at 12 to: 14 miles. They are invaluable or shooting, deer-
stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers,
and tourists. Telescopes—A new and most important
invention in telescopes, possessing such extraordinary
powers that some, 3), inches, with an extra eye-piece
show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and will
the
double stars ; with the same telescope, weighing only 3
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance three miles
and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles.
They supersede every other kind for the waistcoat-pocket.
and are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers
accordingly. Opera and race-course glasses, with wonderful
power; an object can be clearly seen, from 14 to 16 miles
Deafness—New Discovery—The Organic Vi-
brator, an extraordinary powerful and newly-invented
instrument, for Deafness, entirely different from all
others, to surpass anything of the kind that has been,
or probably ever can be, produced. Being of the
same colour as the skin, it is not perceptible ; it enables
deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public as-
semblies ; the unpleasant sensation, of singing noises in
the ears is entirely removed ; and it affords all the assist.
ante that possibly could be desired.-39, Albemarle-'treat,
pioomully. Observe, opposite the York Rotel.

DIED.
On the 18th inst., at 21, Cloudesley-street,
Mrs. Elizabeth Payne, widow of the late Mr. Edw 7D.
Payne, of the Phoenix Fire-office, Lombard-street, aged d,
On the 18th inst., at Hampton, Charles Dashsy,,,."„,„ of
youngest son of Henry Jepson, Esq., in the 19th 3re''
his
One. 010
ag IQ the 18th inst., Margaret, wife of Joseph --I.°
Yates, Esq., cf West Dingle, near Liverpool, aged 71. es.
Oa the 18th inst., alter a few hours' illness, at Stl7svl
place, Hyde-park, Elizabeth, relict of Richard ffc't
Pio•'eon, Esq., late treasurer of Christ's Hospital, ill
61st year of her age.

ga,
Lompox : Printed and Published by MIIRDO Yt'fr"--.1 12,
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at re Sun Office, N°•- of
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the aunty
Middlesex, Friday, January 20, 1854. ,

VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.
The Mary Muir, of Liverpool, bound south, 27th Dec.,
lat. 40 N., 10ng...12 W.:

The Knight, from Liverpool to Aden, 9th Dec., lat. 3N.,
long. 22 W.
The West Cassel, from London to Antigua, lat. 49 R.,
long. 7 W.
The Lord Hardinge (s.) steering S.W., lat. 47 N., long.
12 W.

The Henry Gillespie, from London to Port Philip, 27th
Sept. lat. 10 N., long. 23 W.
The Aberfoyle, from Liverpool to Calcutta, 29th Sept.,
lat. 8 N., long. 23 W.
The Mary Roe, from London to 'Hobart Town, 7th Dec.,
lat. 6 N., long. 20 W.
The Prince (brig), from London to Algoa Bay, Bth Dec.,
lat. 28 N long. 21 W.

The Osmond (Danish brig), from Copenhagen to Cape
Town, 11th Dec., lat. 11 N., long. 25 W.
The Shepherdess, from London to Algoa Bay, 30th,
lat. 7 N., long. 21 W.
The Otto, from London to Hobart Town, Oct. 1, Ratt6 N.
long. 19 W.
The Eliza Charles, from London to Mauritius Y, 2nd,
lat. 6 N., long. 18 W.
The John Melhuish, for London, 7th, lat. 3 N., long.
21 W.

The Mary Hall, from London to Port Jackson, Staao
day.
The Robert Finney, from Callao to Liverpool, lat 4 0 N.,
long. 31 W.
_ _

The Lady of the Lake, from Punts Arenas to Lon.clon,
Oct. 13, lat 48 S., long. 49 W.
The Merlin, bound S., Nov. 11, lat. 15 S. long. 29 W.
The Editha, for New York, 15th, lat. 6 S., long. 29 W,
The Albany (American ship) for Port Philip, Dee. 11,
lat. 28 N., long. 36 W.
The Juverna, from Liverpool to Valparaiso, Oct.' 28,
lat. 52 S., long. 56 W.
The Robertina, from Glasgow to Melbourne, N'oi.. 14,
lat. 27 S., long. 27 W.
The Queensberry, from the Clyde, 28th, lat. 3 S., long.
27 W.

Th 3 M. T. Washington, from Montreal to Livel !pool,
with decks swept, boats and water casks gone, am I lar-
board anchor and 100 barrels of flour thrown overt ioard,
Dec. 30, lat. 49 N., long. 12 W.
The Princeza, from Liverpool to Port Natal, Oct. lat.
35 S long. 24 E.
_ _

The Yarrow, of and from Liverpool to Geelong, 38 days
out, hit, 7 N., long. 23 W.
_ .

The Esther, from London to Sydney, N.S.W., 34 ( lays
out, lat. 8 N., long. 24 W.
The Neptune, of Liverpool, Dec. 19, lat. 47, long. IC► W.
Tho Lady M`Donald, from London to Bombay, No-v. 8,
let. 34 N., long. 61E., with loss of fore and maintopnaasts
and jibboom—was supplied with a spare topmast.
The Belle Creole, from Havre and Cardiff to Calto.utta,
lat. 4 S., long. 26 W.
The Wigrams, for Melbourne, Nov. 30, lat. 6 N., long•
35 W.

We had scarcely an average supply of fat beasts to -dal.
The quality of the greater part of the animals wags on ly of
the inferior kind. The demand brisk, and a cleartmic4)
effected. There were but few sheeF, and readily dispose°
of. Fat calves, scarce ; but few good pigs.
The following were the quotations :—Beef, 6d to 603
mutton, 70 to 8d ' • lamb, Od to Od ; veal, 6d to 6;0 per
lb. ; pigs, lOs to OsOd per score ; rough fat, 6s 3d to. Vs ri
per 141 b. ; hides, 20 to 3d per lb ; calf-skins, 30- ita
per lb.

Wheat on the top 5s Od, and the average 4s 7(1 down'
Barley on the top is 6d up, and the average is 9d down*
Oats on the top 4s 4d up, and the average is 5d dovra.
Beans on the top 2s 6d, and the average 4s down.•
Top of Wheat ....... ............. ..... , 6.3 i lb 85s. 041
8ar1ey....... ...... .. ............. s6i lb 466 Od
Oats
Beans
Total Supply and Sales.
Wheat 1196 qrs sold 813 qrs
Barley 2295 qrs sold 1558 qrs
Oats 1530 qrs sold 1212 eir 3
Beans 285 qrs sold 219 qr i
Average of wheat £3 14 4 9-12th s
Ditto of Barley
Ditto of Oats
Ditto of Beans

BOSTON—JAN. 18.
A large attendance of farmers and dealers, and a. g°,,t
supply of all kinds of grain. In the wheat trade 6'17,
dulness prevailed, and to effect sales a reduction of
in some instances, 4s per qr. had to be submitted te). ,
ley a slow sale, and is to 2s per qr. cheaper than of L
day se'nnight. Oats, beans, and peas as last noted.
Prices :—Wheat, red, 73s Od to 83s Od ; white, 84s Oct
88s Oct . extra, 90s Oct. Barley, 38s Od to 48s Od.
24s to 31s. Beaus, 43s Od to 58s Od. Peas, Hs Od. ("-
per qr.

NEWARK—JAN. 18.
of
At our Corn-exchange to-day we had good suppli. 01
grain, and a good attendance of farmers. A decline of 7.
to 5s per qr. on wheat, and barley is to 2s per qr. 14 gra
Other articles as last week.
04
Prices :—Wheat, white, 90s Od to 94s Od; red, 9 )8.
to 86s Od. Barley, malting, 42s Od to 46s Od ; grin oil
37s Od to 40s Od. Oats, old, 28s Od to 36s Od ; new ,`"to
041 to 32s Od. Beans, 42s Od to 61s Od. Peas, 50s: uti.
52s Od. Malt, 60s Od to Gis Od. Tares, 602 Od to 641;

LIVERPOOL, JAN. 19.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market opened flat this 1130111;
ing, and declined afterwards, closing heavily at l t
decline on yesterday's prices. Chester and Birkel 2111.;
164 ; Caledonian, 25i ; Lancashire and Yorkshire, jfit!
West Riding Union, ' dis. • London and North—"-,,
d,
ern, 101; ditto, One-eighth Shares, 9-16 dis. ; 11ii cllano
60$ • North British, 73, ; South Eastern and .07
11-16.

MANCHESTER, JAN. 19.
r tot 11,
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The business to-day has been. ,
ably large in amount at the following prices :—Caledo .14;
25a ; Eastern Counties 12 13-16 ; East Lancashire, It.
Lancashire and Yorkshire, 62i ; London and North-1 ld
l
ern, 101/ ; ditto, Fifths, / dis. ; Manchester, Shel 0 i•&m ow ,
and Lincolnshire, 20i ; Midland Railway Consols u"
South-Eastern, 17 11-16. '

BIRMINGHAM, JAN. 19.
3!
STOCK EXCHANGE,—There was no improvement 1 oyo
general railway share market to-day, and business ifloy
descriptions of stock was very inanimate. The only 111`„r.
actions reported on 'Change were in Birmingham, W 0,/g,
hampton, and Stour Valley Shares, which were dons at

BRISTOL, JAN. 19.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market has been sonie,"-ar°
dull today, on account of the news from the seat of 1'1;
not being considered satisfactory, and the quotations' are
—Midland, 604 ; Vale of Neath, 15i ; Kennet and
64 ex div.

BIRTHS.
OF A SON.
On the 18:1 inst., the wife of Lawrence Levy, Eel.' 28,
Finsbury-square.
Elgin-road, Kensington Park-g9:'
On the
dens,
the
wifelB t h
oinfsw.t.,ilat E
William
Thompson, Esq.

OF A DAUGHTER.
On the 17th inst., at 40, Bryanston-street, Po/41111
square, the wife of Lieutenant-Colonel Tomkinsoo,
Wellington, Cheshire.
loth
On the 18th inst., at Buokhurst-park, Lady Elizabeth
Russell.

MARRIED. ton,
On the 17th inst., at All Saints' Church, PaddirlF
Henry Aline Ouvry, Esq., Captain in her MajestPoolf
Regiment of Light Dragoons, to Matilda Hannah, for-
daughter of the late Colonel John Delamain, 0.13• P
merly commanding at Agra.
On the 19,h inst., at St. James's, Paddington, the nee,
Frederic Anthony Stapley, 8.A., of Wadham
Oxford, to Mary Charlotte, only daughter of Fret
Robert Gore, Esq., of Devonshire-terrace, Hyde-par