The Sun.
London, England, 1854-03-06 00:00:00

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS.

THE WAR IN THE EAST.

The Moniteur of this day (Monday) publishes a
circular of the Minister of Foreign Affairs to French
diplomatic agents, on the letter of the Czar and
the Russian manifesto. The publication of those
documents, says, destroys the last hopes in the
wisdom of the Cabinet of St. Petersburg ; and it
adds that that hand which had become honoured
by the firmness with which it had offered a support
to Europe, when it was shako❑ in its foundations,
opens now a course to passions and chances. The
French Government, it continues, afflicted at the
inutility of its efforts and moderation, declines the
responsibility that must rest with Russia, which
will have to render an account to history and to
God.

The great topic of interest yesterday i❑ Paris, is
the letter addressed by the Emperor Nicholas to
the Emperor of the French in reply to the latter.
It is considered on all sides a tissue of the most
barefaced misrepresentations—of statements which
have been repeatedly refuted. The part which
appears to have most excited resentment is the
allusion to 1812. True, it is said, the French
army was destroyed during that terrible campaign ;
but it was not destroyed, not by Russian valour in
the field, but by the fire of Moscow and the rigour
of t ie elements ; and the fact of the Russians hav-
ing been beaten whenever they encountered the
French is shown by the latter having penetrated
to the heart of the empire.
The last accounts from St. Petersburg state that
the Russian Government was indefatigable in its
exertions to excite the fanaticism of the, population.
Every day processions traversed the streets and
exhibited to the people the relics of the saints of
the Greek Calendar. The clergy everywhere urge
the true believers to take arms for the defence of
the orthodox faith. The Government on its side
published bulletins containing accounts of victories
supposed to have been gained by the Russians in
Asia. Those demonstrations dispirit both the
merchants and upper classes.
Advices from Constantinople, of the 20th ult.,
state that the news of the rupture between Russia
and the Western Powers had been received with
the liveliest satisfaction. On the 18th the French
steam-frigate Mogador returned to the Bosphorus,
after a reconnaissance as far as Kaffa, where she
saw six Russian line-of-battle ships and several
frigates.

The coast of Albania has been declared in a
state of blockade, and the Viceroy of Egypt has
been requested to send into the Adriatic the
squadron which he intended for Constantinople.
A. telegraphic despatch, dated three days later,
mentions that Zuinit Pacha was to leave on the
4th March for Salonica, to quell the insurrection,
which had greatly increased.
The English steamer Niger was likewise to go
thither on the same day.
Four daughters of the Sultan were said to have
been betrothed.

From Athens, Feb. 24, we learn that the Eng-
lish frigate Diamond and the French steamer
Promethee have left for Prevesa. A body of Mon-
tenegrin marauder; having invaded Albania, had
been defeated by the Turks, with a loss of 300 men.
The Vienna journals publish the letter of Prince
Alexander of Servia to the Sultan, on receiving the
finnan confirming the privileges of the Servian
nation, and the address of the Senate to the Prince
on the same occasion. The letter is as follows :

"Your Majesty, in your inexhaustible solicitude for
the welfare and tranquillity of your people, deigned to
send me in the month of Rebjoi Fwel, 1270 (1854) a fir-
man which confirms the privileges of the Servian nation.
I have bad the happiness to receive this striking and
precious testimony of the kindness of your Majesty from
the hands of Elten Paella, and I have caused the firman
to be proclaimed, with sentiments of profound re-
spect and devotedness to your Majesty, at Belgrade, in
the usual solemn form. I have also directed the firrnan
to be published in all the districts of the country, in
order that this new proof of the kindness of your Ma-
jesty may be known throughout the whole country.
This manifestation of your Majesty's favour is for me
a proof of the solicitude which animates you for the
welfare arid tranquillity of Servia. The prerogatives
accorded to Servos by the late glorious Sultan Mah-
moud, enumerated in the hatti-scheriffs of 1829, 1830,
1834, and 1838, have foun led the present prosperity of
Servia. Your Majesty in confirming these privileges,
and in promising to the Servian nation other proofs of
your kindness, consolidates the welfare of the country,
as much by the privileges accorded as by those in
prospect. The Servian nation and its Sovereign believe
themselves obliged by this generosity to entertain heart-
felt gratitude to your Majesty. As their fidelity has up
to this day been firm under all circumstances, so it will
preserve it for the future, in order to render itself worthy
of your Majesty's kindness, and to obtain in the future
new proofs of your inexhaustible grace. I and all my
subjects pray the Almighty in the most fervent manner
to grant a long and happy life to your Majesty, for the
happiness of your subjects. I humbly pray the Most
High also to cause your Majesty to preserve your kind-
ness to me and the Servian nation.
" ALEXANDER KARAGEOUGEWITCII.
"Belgrade, 26th Jan. (7th Feb.)."
The address of the Senate is as follows :

a part of the Anglo-French fleet had already entered the
Dardanelles, ueder the pretence of protecting the life
arid property cf English and French subjects, and to
enable the whole of the fleets to enter without a viola-
tion of the treaty of 1841, it was necessary for the Otto-
mon Government to declare war against us. My opinion
is that if France and England had wished for peace. as
much as I do, they ought at any price to have prevented
this declaration of war, or when war was cnce declared
they ought at least so to have acted as to confine it
within the narrow limits which I desired to trace for it
on the DAnube, so that I might not have been torn by
force from the purely defensive system which I wished
to pursue. But from the moment when they allowed
the Turks to attack our Asiatic territory, to take one of
our frontier posts (even before the time fixed for the
commencement of hostilities), to blockade Akhaltsykh,
and to ravage the Armenian provinces, from the moment
when they left the Turkish fleet free to convey troops,
arms, and ammunition to our coasts—could it be reason-
ably expected that we should patiently await the result
of such designs ? Was it not to be supposed that we
should do something to prevent their execution ? The
affair of Sinope occurred ; it was the forced consequence
of the attitude adopted by the two powers, and the
event certainly could not have appeared to them un-
expected. I had declared that I wished to remain On
the defensive, but that was before the explosion of the
war, while my honour and interests allowed me to do
so, and while the was was restrained within certain
bounds. Was that done which ought to have been done
to prevent these bounds from being passed ? If the part
of a spectator, or of that of a mediator even, was not
enough fur your Majesty, and you desired to make your-
self the auxiliary of my armed enemies, it would have
been more loyal, sire, and more worthy of yourself, to
have told me so frankly at first, and to have declared
war against me. Every one would then have known
what part he had to play. But to impute to us as a
crime apres coup, an event which you did nothing to
avert, is that an equitable proceeding? If the cannon of
Sinope echoed painfully in the hearts of all those *lto in
France and England have an intense sentiment of
national dignity, does your Majesty think that the me-
nacing presence at the mouth of the Bosphorus of the
three thousand cannon's mouths, of which your Majesty
speaks, and the report of their entrance into the Black
Sea, are facts which remain without an echo in the heart
•f the nation whose honour I have to defend ? Llearn
from your Majesty, for the first time (for the verbal
declarations made to me have hitherto said nothing
of the kind), that while protecting the re-victual-
ling of the Turkish troops in their own territory,
the two Powers have resolved to interdict us from
the navigation of the Black Sea —that is to say, ap-
parently the right to re-victual our own forts. I
leave it to your Majesty to judge whether that is,
as your Majesty says, to facilitate the conclusion of
peace, and if in the alternative presented it is permissible
for me to discuss—to examine even for a moment yOur
Majesty's propositions for an armistice for the immediate
evacuation of the Principalities, and for the negotiation
with the Porte of a convention to be submitted to the
four Courts. Would you, sire, in my place accept such
a proposal ? Would your national feeling allow you to
do so? I boldly answer, No, you would not. Grant
me then, on wiy part, the right to think as you would
do yourself. Whatever your Majesty may decide; .it is
not to threats that you will see me give way. My-con-
fidence is in God and my right, and Russia, I will
answer for her, will show herself in 1854 what she was
in 1812. • -

" 'lf, however, your Majesty, with less indifference to
my honour, will frankly return to our programme—if
your Majesty will extend to me a cordial hand, as I now
at this last moment offer you mine, I will willingly for-
get everything insulting (blessante) to me in the past.
Then, sire, but then only, we may discuss, and come to
an understanding. Let your Majesty's fleet confine it-
self to preventing the Turks from carrying further rein-
forcements to the theatre of war. I promise willingly
that they shall have nothing to fear from me. Let them
send a negotiator. I will receive him in a befitting man-
ner. My conditions are known at Vienna. It is upon
that basis alone that I can treat. I pray your Majesty
to believe in the sincerity of the sentiment with which I
am, site, your Majesty's boa ami,

FRANCE.

("NlcHoLes.” '

On Saturday, at ten o'clock, a Council E xtraor-
dinary of Ministers was held at the Palace of. the
Tuileries, at which the Emperor presided, and
which, besides the members of the Cabinet, was
attended by M. Baroche and M. Billault. It is
understood that at this Council the instructions,
both military and political, to be given to Marshal
de St. Arnaud, were communicated by the Minis-
ters of War and Foreign Affairs, and agreed to by
the Council.
After the Council the Emperor drove out to the
Avenue from Paris to Versailles, accompanied by
the Duke of Saxe-Coburg, to review a body of
cavalry collected there for the purpose. The Ep-
peror was dressed in the uniform of a general.:of
division, and the Duke in a white uniform, with a
silver helmit. The troops reviewed consisted:'4
the 12th Dragoons, the oth and 10th Cuirassievo
and the Ist and 2d Carbineers. The fine and sol-
dier-like bearing of these troops appeared to strike
the Duke with admiration. The review lasted
about three-quarters of an hour.
The Emperor also reviewed yesterday, in the
Carrousel, the 6th regiment of infantry, the sth
and 9th battalions of Chasseurs de Vincennes, who
are to form part of the expeditionary army in the
East, and will quit Paris to day for Marseilles
the two battalions of Gendarmerie d'Elite, the
regiment of Guides, and the 4th regiment of Chas-
sours. Those troops were under the orders of
General Levasseur, Commander of the 3rd divi-
sion of the army of Paris. The Emperor, having
by his side the Duke of Saxe Coburg, and fol-
lowed by a brilliant Hat major, in which
figured several German and other foreign officers,
rode in front of the lines, ani afterwards took
his station at the Pavilion de l'Herloge, when
the troops defiled before him, cheering him
with loud cries of Five l'Empereur ! The Empress
witnessed the review from the balcony of that
pavilion. An immense concourse of people filled
the place. On the arrival of the Emperor thou-
sands of cries were heard on every side, from
soldiers as well as civilians. Louis Napoleon re-
sponded with much courtesy to the salutations of
the crowd, and he never appeared more pleased
and happy. He entered the palace after the troops
had defiled, and the cheering was still continued
by the soldiers and the people. The Eastern
question has done a great deal for the popularity
THE CZAR'S ANSWER TO THE FRENCH
of the Emperor. The most complete order pre-
EMPEROR'S AUTOGRAPH LETTER. wailed everywhere, and all passed off with the
In the St. Petersburg Journal of 12 (24) February greatest decorum.
we read as follows : It was reported in Paris on Saturday evening
"The Moniteur Universel having in its official that Queen Isabella 11. had taken to flight, and
part published a letter addressed toH.M. the Em- that the republic had been proclaimed at Madrid.
peror by the Emperor of the French, we are autho-
It had also been rumoured that the Duke of Saxe-
rised, while re-producing that document, to publish Cobourg had undertakep to broach the subject, to
at the same time the answer of our august Sovereign : the Emperor, of the re-establishment of the king-
dom of Poland.
"'Sr. PETERSBURG, JAN. 28 (FEB. 9), 1854.
It is believed that by the 20th inst. 25,000
" `Sire,—l know not how better to reply to your
Majesty than by repeating, since they are my own, French troops will have embarked at Toulon for
the concluding words of your Majesty's letter, •‘ Our Constantinople ; and it is calculated that by the
relations should be sincerely friendly, and repose upon 20th of May the first collision will have taken
identical intentions, the maintenance of order, the love place between the auxiliary armies and the Rim•
of peace, respect for treaties, and reciprocal good- sians.
will." In accepting, your Majesty says, the pro- The circulation of the Assemblee
.Nationale has
gramme which I had traced, your Majesty affirms that been prohibited for two months, because, in spite
you have remained faithful to it. I venture to think, of two warnings, it persists in advocating the anti-
and my conscience tells me so. that I have not national policy which it has maintained ever since
us,
departe
andd
which from
did no it. Ft
or
or in the affair which I
have all divides the commencement of the Oriental question.
igi,
along sought to maintain friendly relations with France. The first division of the French expeditionary
I have with the greatest care avoided coming into col-
army is to embark at Toulon, and at the different
lision on this ground with the interests of the religion ports of Algeria, on the 20th of March, and to sail
professed by your Majesty. I have made for the main- on the same day for the Dardanelles. The second
tenance of peace every concession both in form and sub- division will sail on the 15th of April.
stance that was possible consistently with my honour, The generals who are to command the different
and in claiming for my co-religionists in Turkey the divisions are also preparing to leave Paris for their
confirmation of the rights and privileges acquired for respective posts. All of them will be at the dif-
them long ago at the price of Russian blood, I asked ferent ports of embarkation in time to superintend
for nothing but what was founded upon treaties. If the embarking of the troops, with the exception of
the Porte had been left to itself, the difference which the Commander-in-Chief, the Marshal do St. Ar-
holds Europe in suspense would have been long since
nandand the Prince Napoleon. Marshal de St.
settled. A fatal influence has thrown itself in the way ,
of an arrangement. By exciting gratuitous suspicions, Arnaud willi leave Paris, should the state. of his
by encouraging the fanaticism or the Turks, by rnis. health which is Tory precarious) permit him, on
leading their Government as to my intentions, and the the 15th of March. The Prince Napoleon and his
real import of my demands, this influence has imparted staff will not leave Paris till the Ist of April. Two
to the question such exaggerated proportions that war battalions of the Chasseurs de Vincennes will leave
has been the consequence. Paris for the East, at the same time as the Prince
"'Your Majesty will permit me not to dwell too Napoleon.
much in detail upon the circumstances treated of The Russians who have broken up their residence
according to your Majesty's own point of view, are in a state of great excitement. It appears that
which are connectedly stated in your letter. Many the Emperor Nicholas has intimated to them that
ants of mine, not correctly appreciated, as I think, they will not be permitted to remain in any part of
and more than one fact distorted, would require to They have all
w.roatofatshe many
Czar.Thteheinme
been re-
be put right, in such a way at least as I understandpreparing to bring
Europe- excepting Russia.
called, and are no them, long dev.Jloprnents not of a nature to be
entered upon in a correspondence between sovereign within the jurisdiction
and sovereign. For instance, your Majesty attributes to nience felt is very groat,
the occupation ef the Principalities the fault of having ages resided in the different capitals of Europe, not
suddenly removed the question from the domain of dis- for pleasure only, but on account of their health.
cession to that of fact. But your Majesty loses sight of It appears, however, that the measure applies to all
the fact that this occupation, purely eventual as it was, —the highest as well as the lowest, and that an ex-
was preceded, and to a great extent brought about, by ception is not made even in favour of princesses.
an anterior fact of great gravity, that of the appearance All the letters from St. Petersburg concur in say-
of the combined fleets in the neighbourhood of the Dar- jug that the Emperor of Russia will not snake any
dandles, besides which long before, and while England concessions, and that the prepara,tions for war are
still hesitated to assume a menacing attitude towards on an immense scale.
Ru • ssia, your Majesty bad been the first to send your On Saturday tookplace the funeralof
obsequies
fleet to Salamis. This offensive (blesgante) demonstration
the Baroness Salvage so remarkable
certainly announced but little confidence in me. It was for her
, de Faveroles,
devotedness to Queen Hortense, mother of
calculated to encourage the Turks, and to paralyse
.be-
the present
forehand the success of the negotiations, by exhibiting Emperor of the French, and who had
France and England as ready to aid their cause at all been appointed V her royal mistress to act as her
events. In the same manner your Majesty attributes to testamentary executrix. An imperial carriage ac-
the explanatory commentaries on the Vienna note the companied the funeral cortege, the Emperor being
impossibility in which France and England found them- represented by Count d'Arjuzon, one of his cham-
selves to recommend its adoption to the Porte.
followed
your berlains, and Baron de Berkeim, one of his aides-
Majesty may remember that our comments , de-camp. Prince Jerome, Prince Napoleon, and
and did not precede the pure and simple nonacceptance i Prince Murat also sent their aides-de-camp. A
of the note ; and I think the Powers, if they had seri-
to assist on this adop. , great number of high personages, known for their
ously desired peace. were bound
' attachment to the Bonaparte family, attended on
the
tion, purely and simply, instead of. permitting Porte the occasion.
o modify what we had adopted without change. the occasion. The body was deposited in a vault
" ' Besides, if any portion of our commentaries had at the cemetery of Mont-Parnasse.
given rise • to difficulties, I offered at Obniitz a sa- The Bourse was firm on Saturday, without much
tisfactory solution, and one which appeared so '
to business doing, except in railway shares, whioll
Austria and Frassia. Unfortunately in the *demand, Were in good ---

"Gracious Sovereign, the Senate has received, with
your letter of the 28th inst., a translation of the Impe-
rial firman, confirming the rights of the Servian
nation, which was lately real and made public, in
presence of the members of the Senate and of other
persons invited, as well as the reply of your Highness
to the Sultan, to thank him for the proof of interest which
he has been pleased to accord. The Senate unanimously
concurs in the sentiments of fidelity and devotedness
which your Highness expres,,es towards the Sultan, and
is convinced that the Servian nation will also share in
them. In virtue of the rights conferred by Sultan
Mahmoud in 1245, 1246, 1249, and 1254, and confirmed
by the present hatti-scheriff, the Senate regards it as its
duty to support your Highness in the sense of the con-
stitution, whi h offers the possibility of preserving the
benevolence which the Sultan testifies to you, and of
rendering ourselves worthy of the Imperial favour mani-
fested in the firman.

" General E. STEPIIANOVICH,
" J. IVANOVICH, First Secretary.
" Belgrade, Jan. 29 (Feb. 10)."
A letter from Koenigsberg of the 27th ult. states
that, on the preceding day, messengers, with a
million of gold roubles, passed through that place
from Berlin for St. Petersburg.