The Sun.
London, England, 1854-11-01 00:00:00

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[PRICE SD.

can treasures were about to inundate the world, uld t,
change, once again* the relations established bet,v_eqil,l,
value of things. It was in 1848 that' gold was dis Covered
in-the sandi of Sacraniento. '21n,1849 .and 1850 -tho,little
that was obtained only served to re-establish .the e.qui.
librium, destroyed by the events of 1848 ;'but in 4851
gold was also discovered in A.ustralig.; and ever since two
rivers of gold have as it were poured immense-metallic
wealth on Europe. More than any other' caust,, it is
possible to imagine this irruption of gold Caused a re-
-sumption of commercial activity, an industrial move-
merit, which exceeded everything previOully seen:.
Everybody began working, inatinficturini, produciii,
conveying, and exchanging; everywhere reenlevnd °eel:-
potion, salaries rose, and consuniPtion ii,crt aied. A,
new class of consnmeric found themselves callsd4in',lo
enjoy more co:nfort ; and bade adieu to' -old,itials',
barley, ,buck-wheat, and oats, and. bcgiin.:'to ell
wheaten bread. It je, easy' to
.account -for t
causes of the existing,Apa,rness, I,Arira•Scining on ap
hypothesis which NvtiVd, reprelEnti '- things 7ion'. a
smaller scale. Suppose a 'province in which there
are fifteen thouiand inhabitahts,:af.mongst wheal ook'tepi
thousand find in the reserve formed by their savings, dr
in the prOduce of their daily labour, the means of iinr-
chasing thirty thousand hectolitres of wheat ..itipptied by
the country. If you suddenly open a source of lill)olir
in such a province ; if you 'pr,odiicelibundanca tliere ;
if out of the 5,000 pariahs w
.itritta .p;etend, cm 4-
count of their misery, to an .. r.-
,' of the 30,00,Q becto-
litres, you -give a greater degiee of comfort- to 27009 or
more, is it not evident that 4:kt-eater nuffib-_,: , r-pu -
chasers will come into the pia' -et-,titatl,. „:._.i:.1%., It .1,,.
tween the demands and, alike ill be, ci. , rY.'.4i:•--..-
that a rise will take place r"riti at ii,i, fake* .' e
•
not only in France but throughii,nt All- Europe ;; co -
sumptien has increased, and ..strialturAi in'txtuction,
which from its nature always goes on more slowly, his
not been able to increase so rapidly. Hence -rel.s.tive
scarcity and dearness. Now, it is evident that this
dearness will continue, for, with some very rare slid
r insignificant exceptions, the market' have been hitherto
well supplied.- The producers do not properly take
into account the causes of the rise,' and, thinking it
transient; hive been anicieus to profit by It,- and have
crowded to market to sell the produce of their harvest.
One example will suffice to show how eager the holdeis
have been to sell. We know not whether it -is possible
to ascertain exactly the quantity of corn brought to and
sold in the different markets in France, but in England an
account is taken of all the wheat that changes hands in
the public markets. During the first fortnight of the pre-
sent month there were sold in England and Wales 880,655
hectolitres of wheat ; the quantity sold in the corres-
ponding period last year was only 575,725 hectolitres ;
and yet, notwithstanding this extraordinary supply,
there has been a rise of about 4 fr. 85c. per hecto-
litre. It is, therefore, evident that it is not corn
that is deficient ; it is consumers who present themselves
in greater numbers; the demand increases and sellers be-
come more exacting. We have said that the high price
will continue. The only effectual means of putting an
end to it would be to apply to foreign entrepots, and our
application to them last year has only left insignificant
stocks in them. It would appear that the reserves are
exhausted in the old as well as in the new world. At
the end of September, 1853, the warehouses at New York
contained 1,736,103 barrels of flour, and 4,385,891
bushels of wheat ; the quantity at the end of September
last was only 696,221 barrels of flour, and 2,577,799
bushels of wheat. The only measures to be adopted ai e,
in our opinion, that which the most enlightened econo
mists have always demanded. Allow the trade to
supply itself ; the less yon seek to influence prices either
for a rise or a fall, the greater the supply will be, for
sellers will be always certain of finding in your markets
the real price of their merchandise."

TEE AUSTRIAN RAILWAYS.

Extract from a Vienna letter received yesterday :
Some days since I informed you that -the Austrian
Government had sold the South-Eastern State Railway
to the " Credit Mobilier " of Paris,
,on a lease of ninety
years, for a sum of 200 millions.ef francs ; and that his
Majesty the Emperor has sanctioned the contract entered
into with the representatives of this company of French
capitalists, who, I also stated, have reserved to them-
selves the ratification of the same till the end of this
month, or, according to others, till the end of No-
vember. In substance the above information was
quite correct ; in some particulars, however, I now
find that I have a good deal to add by way of explana-
tion and completion. M. d'Andra, who has so ably ne-
gotiated this important affair with the Austrian Govern
ment, although a large shareholder in the " Credit
Mobilier," acted on this occasion, not as the representa-
tive of that highly respectable institution, but as the
representative of several exceedingly influential ca.
pitalists both in France and England, whose intention
it is to establish a joint-stock company upon the basis
of the contract in question. The particulars of this
contract, as Jar as I am at present informed, are as fol-
lows :—The Austrian -Government sells, and the said
company buys, the whole line of railway ,from Rodin
back to Brunn, and that from Gam.ern-!orf to Pi4ss-
burg, Pesth, Szolnok, Szegedin, and T,m3svar. The
line from Szegedin to Temesvar, which is at present
only in course of construction, is to be completed b)
and at the expense of the Austrian Government.
From Tetnesvar to the extreme frontier of Hungary,
along the Danu`.te this line is to be continued at the
expense of the said company. The valuable coal mines
at Aussig in the north, and at Orovitza in the south,
are also included in the contract of sale. Tile price
which this company has by their representative agreed
to pay to the Government is fixed at two hundred
millions of francs, payable in silver or gold coin,
seventy millions whereof are to be paid within
fourteen days after the ratification of the contract,
for which purpose fifty-two days from the day of
the date thereof (October 15) have been agreed to.
The remainder of the purchase-money is to be
paid by instalments extending over a period of three
years. The Government has reserved to itself
the right of repurchase upon equitable terms
after the lapse of 30 years, but the present sale
and purchase is for 90 years ; after this period the entire
lines of railway, inclusive of those yet to be constructed,
revert to the State, with the exception of the materiel,
which will remain the property of the company. The
State guarantees 5 2-10ths per cent. on the capital in-
vested ; and if, contrary to all probability, the receipts
of the company should yield less, the State pays the dif-
ference in gold and silver. Now, upon the groundwork
of this contract, the said capitalists intend to get up a

joint-stock company, with a capital of three hundred
millions of francs, two hundred millions of which are to
be paid to the State, and one hundred millions are to
be in part invested in the purchase of the line from
Vienna to Raab, which is then to be continued to Fiume,
by and at the expenses of the purchasers, and in
part to be employed as working capital. Six hundred
thousand shares are to be issued at respectively five hun-
dred francs, and 201. sterling, and two hundred florins
Austrian convention money, whereon 39 per cent, is to be
paid up as a first instalment. There are to be twenty
directors, whereof ten are to be Frenchmen, and the
other ten Austrians. The chief office of the company is
to be at Vienna, and a branch office at Paris. To give
you something like an adequate idea of the good opi-
nion which is entertained here of this enterprise, I
may mention that a first-rate banking-house has
already reserved thirty thousand shares for itself.
With respect to the imperial sanction which has been
given to this contract, it is proper that I should explain
what is to be understood thereby. The Minister of the
Interior, Baron Bach, who, by his restless energy and
undeviating solicitude for the welfare of the state, has
been mainly instrumental in speedily bringing this im-
portant transaction to a preliminary conclusion, was
commissioned by his Majesty to have the requisite
statutes drawn up, embodying all essential conditions
for the sale of State railway property to foreigners,
and to serve for the present and all future occasions
of a similar kind. It was to this draft of an enact-
ment., perfectly applicable to the case in point, that
his Majesty has recently given his sanction. Thus it is
satisfactorily explained that this Government have ob-
tained the assent of the Emperor to the contract in
question, even previous to the ratification of the same on
the part of the aforesaid French and English capitalists.
We hear that upon this occasion M. de Baumgartner,
the Minister of Finance and Commerce, had raised cer-
tain difficulties, which, if they had not been most ener-
getically resisted by Baron von Bach, the Minister of
the Interior, would probably have deferred, or pos-
sibly have altogether prevented, the preliminary con-
clusion of this important contract. It is also added
that M. de Baumgartner is on the eve of retiring from
the arduous duties of his office. I cannot, however,
help thinking that this faithful servant of the Crown
will not allow personal considerations to influence his
resolves in this respect, because it would be very
unlike him if he did. On the other hand, I believe the
time is not far distant when Baron von Bach will be
called upon by his Imperial master to give his sole at
at-
tention to the performance even yet higheran
func-
tions in the State, inclusive of km haute finance,
those at present confided to his care. Wel -mtormed
nand
pthost
persons will have it that, sooner or later, a n
he is destined to become chief of the Emperor'sanpdrivataet
will be specially created for Baron von Bitch,
Cabinet, which would be a post similar to the one which
the Minister of State fills in France. Still, such a fun-
damental change in the constitution of the superior go.
verument in this country can only be the work of time
Much might be said in favour of the plan, and, it may
be, this is well understood ; but I hardly feel myself at
liberty to give vent to personal convictions on so mo-
mentous a point. In closing my observations, however,
on the main subject, namely, the contract for the sale
and purchase of the Austrian South-Easturn State Rail-
way lines, I cannot forbear to remark that not only in a
s
the ll
ines
ll commercialn'rogerset hidny: v oqibdfiuieet also
tnshdteos,n there
hi when a
attentionersl lee nellioo)nirflotbtiphceeal
ernl Boy!) roit
doubt.iatndi sni Public.i
ni ee administered, th
Thll
at
ny tfeerwe s
tot
p prayie)rdeicctistehlyatthtehesyawmiellrainteaoNf.eri ys
ear
whichbe the f o u n:cliwun tre eos
belonging to the Northern Railway Company (from
Vienna to Brunn and Oclerberg) at present pay, which
is from 12 to 15 per cent. And when, with the aid
of foreign
vast, andw uncultivated, resources of this
till.eapitaoll
I great empire are more
intelligence, and industry, the
_ raore developed, the

chronic
=—___---=---_
'n 1 amounted to only
17 •
reaper sold far the harvest i i
d Edi Lb rItW 't
BELL'S REAPING
65 in Scot an . iu g i ?less.
-11‘ixt-Act{:7lasleysnauggmrbaevratoesf
in England against
ENT. j--.--e ICITIe .
[ADVERTIS
dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipa.
diseases, such as . ..
•
and liver complaints, consumption,
tion, nervous, bilious,
Delicious Revalenta Arabi
&c., but Du Barry's ca Food
in a very short
invarisbly cures them time. We extract
a few out of 50,000 testimonials of cures, which had
resisted all medicines. Cure No. 18(:). _ "Twenty-five
years' nervousness, constipation,
Ye indigestion, and debility,
from which I had suffered
great misery, and which
no medicine could remove or relieve, have be been effec-
tually cured by Du Barry's food in a Tshort very time
—W. B. Reeve, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."
e Cure No.
4,208.—" Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility,
with cramps, spasms and
nausea, have been effeo
tunny removed by Du. Barry's deliciousW. food in a very
short time.—Rev. John IV yell, Ridlington Rectory,
Norfolk." Cure No, 51,41(3.—" Fifty years' indescribable
agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, oonsti-
, sickness at the stomach and vo-
mitings, have been re
—Maria Jolly, We-- removed by Du Barry's excellent Food.
,tharn Lin", near Diss,_Norf9lk." Cure
No. 3 (..100.—Th -' '
, . . a t.een years' cough indigestion, and- gene'
ral debility have been removed I 'v
1)n Barry's excellent -
Fool—James Potter, Athol-st'reet, Perth." Care
No. . Si.—" Twenty years' live: complaint, with
disorders of tilt: stomach and nerves, have be en
perfectly cured by Du Barry's Rcvalenta Arabica.—
Andrew Frazer, Fladdington, East Lothian." " Trevtveler.
Crulvel, near Penzance. Feb. 20th, 1851.—Eighteen year.'
nervous debility, violent palpitation of the heart, throb-
bing of the temples, violent pains in the left side and back,
shortness of brefdli, coughs, numbness of the extremities,
cramps,. spasms, fla.tulency, retching, and such general
weakness, that I was constantly fearful of falling when on
my legs ; all these symptoms have been removed byeDti
Barry's excellent Food.—Mary Gilbert."—ln canisters
,
with full instructions
suitably packed for all climates, and
1 , 121 b., 225. ;
—llb., 2s. 9d. • 21b., 4s. 6d. ; 51b.,_ 1 ~2;.;
Mb., 331,
super-refined, alb., 6s. ; 21b., lls. ; lb
- 5 " ost office orders- . 4
The 101 b. and 121 b., carriage free, on p
'77 Regent suet, London;
Barry du Barry ad Co., ,
Co.,ortnum, Mason, and
o purveyors to her Majesty, yip.
. .
60 Gracechureh t t'
1 Ifle 4
cadilly ; also at 68, Cornlull , ,
63 and 150, Oxford-shoat • g .
830 and 451, Strand ; ._
_. . 0 s
tint . , 65, ,
Chubag-crou; 4 Calsapside; Of.maki P iii ;ed..; .
_ .

oss
• 4 t
•
dflonuabiitcleees:3afjev.voretlhiii,o3;ountry regulated, the blessings
of
1411111' s - ,
most
te
ciriveichu.srecied,maatnionisncorefaEsendropien_pterrcoomumi—wtihthen tie
`"
_the
; _lmarrd,fstainrdly4phreesunethat the political.institutions of the
yoptical condition -Of' the people, will
- "los- •
• mchprlovetakine -ii-;ep6othlitainls,nprihiltaentrahrtioristaa
;proposition
osiscarcelytinn prepared to throw Cold water upon'.
:- • t
-Likt of 'ailway once be completed -down to Sem-
etessessooesetetesessesese
the mouth of the Danube and to Constantinople *IU
lin or to Orsova, and I'll be bound-its continuation to
follow
m.
Ewesintshtt,
ei nrt
in]
eline
feeso-
rey
promisese aotr
oa
rse
tago
nmte
orta
rtpfni et raolouoft
on
c not
[
ohntersm.A.e.eursetillryisenisa
inundate the rises but one also of vast political •
s
is established most lerneativeeenterp
significancy. It waothis enlarged view of the ca'se which - ' •
that gold was I aweold, operated most powerfully in iticlueine this • ,- '
849 and 1850 Government to bring the contract in .sluestisoif do:: -• ser. „.
'
e•establieh th opeeereonclusion—although by delay„-}t may be, &Ali*
i 848 ;'but n terms.. might possibly have beeieseeured. 'pre -the r.
4 ever since othbr hand, ,this-contract breakikllee ice. •
It opens the -
-
nense -metat grand road for the, fu,,ure•lasts of foreign capital,
caust,, it 1 and makes-known, ror tneetoterderateibonatotfli;tiegerha:eielynegt
used a re- foeselsosn-capttalistsethatoit is easy and pleerawiniiichlomidgehalit
1 seen. pvtli:t;tfhe sioutbserenitri...witivu,4.€7-te;i511:0
ra be: fae Wye.
ses# se • e
avell'os'the gtsiieleEstitern.
021fMISSION OE SEWERS.
•,
Vineestaa".l7!,..-xrpt:tyaspleeatedgftrek toheeetielidatteithe
colflapiru.blic
btiCALLEarn NCISANCE ARISING FROM TIIE CITT dAS WORKS.
Tliti"Medical Officer read the fellowing,riertsob report
21.
"Gentlemen,--You Lave desired me to report on cer-
tain complaints referridg to nuisances alleged to arise from
" I 'win' first mention that two years ago (I belieye at
tottrhhitmeeeaaii.lb-.Celklcii,tiAyhro(misan
establishment
mwpre°arehr'
nsk•
et
tit, desire)oh atoes.corporationiet ytg.yet
tal
be
ae
procure chemical assistance, with a, view
as
on proceedings
gmakei
vaegna i
.ceeoungs. srtoch may, therefore, stialopercesothne
pend-
ing, and liable to be affected by' you? 4sini
considered
nsdhwtgeee
otu
itrehherenexerdi
sysspei.Caesatie
ripcatml lineodd.e.
vfzthe subject, I thought it desirable the my recent
visit
fir T. Taylor,
Ttahyelogva,sthwe gentleman
stsihould bee, made ett company with
!man already retained as chemical
wi'et`noWemeshayiantbtnhreea:vadesesnrfc
.deoarar iaetve on the matter of your refer-
by your considering gene.
refer-
ence
the procesg -of gas- manufacinn, and observing in
which nuois4t,heeeparaepriasrea.tien of
ohfeintsoosstaigiesshteaheti).ldiaibnilirteies to
tarts
for
gas there are volatilised from it, together with the mate
"vials used for illumination, certain vory offensive prodicts.
Some of these tend to be deposited from the distilled va-
pour in proportion as its cools ; others require to be with-
drawn from it by specific chemical agencies. Ass Kas
works present arrangements for effecting in euca92,i,,,,
these two acts of separation. The first is an apparatus
known as the condenser, the second by one called the
purifier. -
" Within the condenser constant currents of cold waker
reduced the distilled vapours of coal to a temperature
which allows many of their ingredients to revert from a
vapourous to a fixed state. An abundance of steam falls
as water, rendered footed by the ssjphurus and ammonia-
cal ingredients which it has dissolved ; while, simultsete-
onsly, the volatile oil and resins of the coal re-appesti as
that black compound called tar. There are mechaAical
arrangements for allowing these impurities to settle in a
particular receiver, which, of course, requires' to be pe-
riodically emptied. Its very stinking contents are of calls
inercial value, and the arrangement of the City Gas Coln-
!Any is, on certain days of the week, to discharge this re-
fuse of their ,establishment into a tank barge, by which it
is conveyed 'beyond your jurisdiction. The loading of this
barge always occurs in the day-time, at or about the time
of high water.
" The second stage of gas purification is to separate, by
the action of lime all that has remained in it of vsulphu-
retted hydrogen. In the City Gas Works, where use is
made of the apparatus known as the wet-lime purifier, the
gag bubbles through great churning-tubs of milk of lime,
and leaves in,them its sulphuretted hydrogen, combined
into snlphuret of calcium. These constitute a very bulky
refuse, and as they are of no commercial value, the com-
pany discharges them into the Thames by a pipe, which
runs froni their establishment to near the middle of ,the
river. lam assured by the servants of the company that
this evacuation never takes place otherwise than late at
night, and at such period of tide is rosy enable the re-
fuse immediately to mingle with large volumes of water.
" Theoretically speaking, this discharge might perhaps
be inoffensive, for (assuming the action of the condenser
to have been complete, and the lime of the purifier to have
been in chemical excess) the refuse referred to would con-
sist of an inodorous slush of insoluble proto-sulphuret of
calcium, not liable to rapid decomposition in the river
water. But this is practically not the case. The blue-
billy, as it is called, contains many bituminous matters
that have escaped precipitation in the condenser, and it is
liable, from deficient action of the purifier, to present free
sulphuretted hydrogen, or to contain a soluble and foetid
bi-sulphuret of calcium, instead of the insoluble and in-
offensive proto-sulphuret. I therefore cannot doubt that
its discharge into the Thames -must be regarded in the
light of a common nuisance, which it lies within your
functions to suppress.
" To this, however, I must add that in consequence of the
legal proceedings already referred to (judgment meanwhile
remaining in abeyance), the gas company has pletged
itself to an abatement of the nuisance. In fulfilment of
this pledge they have now nearly completed, on a very
largo scale, and at an expense, as they allege, of many
thousand pounds, which will substitute for the second pro-
cess I have described to you the use of a dry lime purifier,
and, by thus giving them a castable refuse, will enable
them entirely to refrain from polluting the river. As this
Hlms-our to effect this reform is now being made in good
faith and at great cost, I presume your honourable Court
will consider the question of nuisance from the 'ime pn-
ri-Ecio'ne that 'may stand over for the present. -
" With respect to the other stage of the process, the tie•
Lion of the condenser, I sin much disposed-ta believe that
ft occaaions the more obvious nuisance of the two; and I
Anspect that the loudest complaints I have beard relate to
the prod when the tank-barge mooted off the pre-
mises of the company is receiving its freight of tar
Ind ammoniacal liquours collected from the receivers of
the condensing apparatus, for in these ingredients are con-
c,mtrated the well-known odours of gas works—a vory
complex pungency that may. be analysed into something
of rotten eggs, something of waterproofing, and something
of ill-conditioned urinals.
" I think it would be reasonable to require that this
process should be so amended as to occasion no spread of
stink in its vicinity ; and without pretending to dictate
the terms of any such amendment, I would suggest as an
illustration of what I mean that the receptacles of this re-
fuse, instead of being fixed in barges, might be moveable
vessels, capable Of being loaded within the building, where
the offensive process could be conducted under cover of
some hood ventilation into the furnaces of the establish-
ment.
"In addition to those sources of nuisance to which I
have adverted, it seems probable that in various acts of
shifting and changing the retorts the general atmosphere
of the place may be considerably impregnated with the
odours complained of. Under existing circumstances it is
difficult to judge whether this evil prevails to any serious
extent; but if there should continuo any complaints re-
ferable to the manufacture of gas when divested of the two
principal nuisances now arising in the disposal of the re-
fuse it may become necessary to revert to this question
with a view to require some inoclorous ventilation of the
building. " JOHN SIMON."
Mr. Ross—l think this a most important question.
The report is so comprehensive and minute in all its re-
t'erences to the mode of manufacturing gas, that I think
the Court can hardly understand it from the mere read-
ing it. Nevertheless, there are two points which are
brought out in strong relief, and which we can consider;
•he one, the preparation of gas in the condensers ; the
other, the atnutoniacal products, which appear to be
great nuisance, as these are removed in the tankn vessels
ofthe company.
iedielat
ottEcehesrtabeteemoernretset_ceantnas ;d
in
have. , the
report of the n
not
-
thes om selti egs tongt reasont
ot ob de theiroduobnte b y
thaec cguarsa coyo—m
company
thinkany
tothat
re-
medy the evil complained of. Thinking that the com-
f
spiadneyraotiuognh, tltomhoavvee
tthhaetraepoerotpbyefreoofitthbeem
sent
ttliteoir ntchoeta-
forthwith. (Hear, hear.)
The motion having been seconded, by Mr. H. L,
TAYLOR, was put and carried unanimously.
THE SMOKE ATIIISANCE.
Mr. M'Call, preserved provision merchant, Gravel-
lane, Hounsditch, was summoned by one of the inspec-
tors of nuisances for allowing large volumes of opaque
smoke to escape from the chimney of his premises, to
the great annoyance of the surrounding inhabitants.
The inspector stated that lie had noticed dense smoke
issuing from the chimney of the defendant's premises
once on Monday and twice yesterday.
The defendant said he was having an alteration made
iu the flues which he believed would altogether abate the
nuisance, but that in consequence of the workmen not
following out his instructions dense smoke had recently
certainly issued from the chimney.
should stand
The Court ordered that the surnm
d'ourned.
" - eecertained. The Court then a
adjourned f
ions aprfoogrtrneisgshatt,
tihneoprdreemr
itshessetontfghethreesduelfteonfdathnet

iii
•

I