The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-11 00:00:00

~~~~

Now ready. in 2 vols., 21s. bound,
A TOUR OF INQUIRY THROUGH

T" QUARTERLY REVIEW,
No. CLXXXIII., will be Published NEXT THURSDAY.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FRANCE AND ITALY.
Illustrating their Present
SOCIAL, POLITICAL, and RELIGIOUS CONDITION.
By EDMUND SPENCER, Esq.,
Author oi " Travels in European Turkey," " Circassia," &c.
Hurst and 131ackett, publishers, successors to Henry Coibum, 13,
Great Marlborough-street.

CONTENTS:—
I. Vauxhall Factory Schools.
If. Mr. Justice Story.
111. Indian Administration.
IV. Meteors, Aerolites, and Shooting Stars.
V. Cloister Life of Charles V.
VI. Count Mnntalembert and Catholic Interests.
VII. The British Museum.
VIII. Memoirs of Wordsworth.
IX. The Budget, and its Results.
. John Murray, Albemarle-Street.

'HE, WAR IN MONTENEGRO,

(From the Times.)
Within a few hours' sail of the coast of Italy upon
the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, lies a tract of
country which, though surrounded by the most
powerful military empires of antiquity and of mo-
dern times, has never been wholly conquered, and
though within reach of the commerce, the culture,
and the wealth of Greece and Italy, has never been
civilised. The ridges of the Albanian mountains
have been. inhabited from time immemorial, by a
fiery and independent race of highlanders, whose
only pursuits are those of pastoral life, and whose
chief passion is the use of arms. Their martial
habits have, indeed, secured to them a sort of in-
dependence, even under the despotism of the Ot-
toman Empire. As long as the Venetians held the
coast of the Adriatic, several free Christian com-
munities, Self-gOverned and self-defended, main-
tained close relations of amity with the Republic of
St. Mark. It was not till a much later period that
the interesting little States of Sul and of Parga sank
under the barbarity of Ali Pasha, of Joannina---a
name which will recal to our elder readers the in-
terest with which this region was regarded about
30 years ago. The powers which were afterwards
to recognise and establish the independence of the
present kingdom of Greece, had, in 1815, consigned
these small States to destruction ; and, in succeed-
ing to the dominions of irtegiteosU the -Dalmatian
coast, Austria forsook the cause of those Christian
communities which had been upheld for ages
against the Turk. . , Somewhat more to the north, in the recesses of
the mountains included between the Pashalic of
Scutari, the Herzegowine, and the Austrian fron-
tier at the Bocca di Cattaro, there still remains one
of the most independent and the most warlike of
these mountain clans. The district of Montenegro
(for it is to that we refer) does not exceed 50 miles
in length by 30 in breadth. Its mountains are
darkened with pine forests. The country is ill-
adapted for agricultural purposes, wild, and desti-
tute of roads. The inhabitants are armed shep-
herds, living with their flocks, ready for plunder,
delighting in war. They are a pure Slavonian race,
retaining their primitive manners, professing for the
most part the faith of the Greek Church, and go-
verned to the present day by their own patriarchal
institutions. The Court of Russia has more than
once testified a strong interest in this singular
people, and has addressed friendly communications
to their Wladika, or chief, under the pretext of
their common religion. The most important family
of the country seems to be that of Petrovitsch,
one of whom, Peter Petrovitsch, exercised great
authority in the tribe from 1770 to 1830, and his
descendants figure in the recent occurrences which
now attract our attention to this subject. Attacks
have frequently been made on Montenegro in earlier
times by the Turkish Pashas of Scutari, but in
vain - and since 1797, the very year in which the
Republic of Venice was overthrown, the complete
independence of the tribe has been admitted by the
Porte. The strength of the native population may
amount to about 20,000 warriors, for every man is
practised in the use of arms ; but besides the actual
population of Montenegro, properly so called, a
considerable number of families of the same race
have gradually settled in the neighbouring Turkish
provinces of Bosnia, the Herzegowine, and Scutari,
who retain a near connexion with their kinsmen
and their birthplace, and may possibly extend over
a much wider field the hostilities which have broken
out in Montenegro. • .
We are not yet in possession of any clear and
certain account of the origin of this contest ; but
we are informed by the German papers that a con-
siderable expedition against Montenegro was already
in preparation by the Porte, when the mountain-
eers, becoming aware of their danger, pounced on
the dismantled fort of Zabljak, drove out the feeble
Turkish garrison, left 1,200 of their own men in the
place, and so began the war. It can hardly be sup-
posed that these highland shepherds, who have no
artillery, and but little of the material of war,
would thus have braved the military power of Tur-
key without very strong motives or apprehensions.
Certain it is, that within a short time of this occur-
rence and, indeed, -befctreciit—oould -he—known at
Constantinople, the Porte has proceeded to put
in motion forces, both by sea and land, which
seem strangely out of proportion to the enemy they
are to encounter. A squadron of Turkish men-of-
war, said to be commanded by the Captain Pasha
in person, has entered the Adriatic, and a blockade
of the Albanian coast is established' from Dulcigno
to the Austrian frontier. This is, however, a sin-
gular measure, for the coast tilt blockaded is
Turkish territory. Montenegro itself is separated
by a small strip of land from the sea ; and on the
west it is contiguous to the Austrian territory,
where, of course, the Turks can exercise no direct
control. The Austrian Government has, however,
also taken measures to prevent the passage of war-
like stores. By land the preparations of the Porte
are still more considerable. Large bodies of regu-
lar and irregular troops are said to be concentrated
in the Herzegowine, and Ismail Pasha is at Mostar,
prepared to march southwards upon Stolatz and
Gatzko. The Pasha of Scutari, Omar Pasha, who
passes for one of the best generals in the Turkish
army, was to operate on the other side of the ter-
ritory of Montenegro ; but
upon his first attack he
is said to have been severely • handled by the
enemy, and to have lost 600 men. All these par-
ticulars are, however, still extremely vague, and we
must wait for more authentic statements from the
scene of action.
But it is easy to perceive that whatever be the
immediate result of this contest, it is calculated to
raise political questions
of a serious character.
We are informed that the offer of mediation already
made by the Emperor of Rnssia is rejected by the
Porte, on the ground that the Sultan is resolved to
enforce his rights against Montenegro. This may
be the language of the fanatical party which has
unfortunately obtained a temporary ascendancy in
the Divan, but in reality the alleged rights of the
Sultan on Montenegro have no existence at all,
and least of all can they now be suddenly and
peremptorily enforced in the present condition of
Turkey and of Europe. It is by no means im-
probable that the movement of which Montenegro
is at present the centre has much wider ramifica-
tions, and w a
more extensive insurrection has been kindled in
the Turkish provinces. The Rayahs, indeed, are
pe shallrin ce nots. be surprised to learn that
so devoid of the spirit or the means of resistance
to the oppression which crushes them, that they
will be the victims of these disturbances, whatever
may be their result ; but the mountain tribes, of
whom a part profess the Christian faith, are not to
be attacked and subdued with the same impunity.
The political interest of these occurrences is fur-
ther increased by the different views which may
be taken of them by the European Powers. Will
the Russian Government offer no opposition to
measures taken evidently without its concurrence,
and in direct hostility to a class of Christian sub-
jects of the Porte, in whom Russia has long pro-
fessed an especial interest ? Will France stand
gonce to herself from
entirely aloof from events affecting the general
tphoeliirc policy
proximityof e
to
East,
and interesting
whichestin formed part
a region
of the French Empire ? What policy will Austria,
r
immediately contiguous to the scene of these occur-
rences, be disposed to pursue ? It is premature to
offer any answer to these questions, and we have
yet much to learn as to the true nature and extent
of the movement. But an opinion undoubtedly
prevails in the East of Europe that the Turkish
dominions to the south of the Danube are likely to
become the scene of important events, and there is
reason to fear, that the present Ministers of the
Sultan are men whose only strength lies in their
old Turkish violence, which, if let loose upon the
Christian population of those provinces, might re-
enact scenes utterly intolerable to the present state
of public feeling in Europe. The world has made
some progress in the last 30 years, though the old
Turkish party may have remained stationary ; and
atrocities like those perpetrated by Ibrahim Pasha
in the Morea or Ali Pasha in Albania would not
be endured by Christendom.

THE INCOME TAX.
Just published, in Bvo., price One Florin,
HOW SHOULD AN INCOME-TAX BE
LEVIED ? A Letter to the Ex-Chancellor f the Exchequer.
By JOHN GELLIBRAND HUBBARD, ESQ.
"The pamphlet has some valuable tables and schedules, and is
worthy of being studied by all financiers."—Economist.
London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. •

4FAST and WEST INDIA DOCK COMPANY.
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NECLASS-BS.
HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE :
with an OUTLINE of the ORIGIN and GROWTH of the
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Illustrated by Extracts. Ry WILLIAM
SPALDING, Professor of Logic, Rhetoric, and Metaphysics, St.
Andrews. 12mo, 414 pages, 3s. 6d. bound.
ASYSTEM OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY :
including Sacred and Classical Geography, Problems on the
Use of the Globes, and Directions for the Construction of Maps.
With Exercises for Examination. To Which are added. TREATISES
on ASTRONOMY and PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. With a Co-
loured Physical Chart by W. and A. K. Johnston, a Hap of the
World, and illustrations on Wood. Edited by HUGO REID, Author
of " Elements of Astronomy," Elements of Physical Geography,"
&c. small svo, 296 pages, 2s. bound.
iv This is one of the cheapest and most comprehensive
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Edinburgh : Oliver and lioyd.
London: Simpkln, Marshall, and Co.

GEORGE COLLIN, Secretary.
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31st December. 1852.
N.l3.—The Chair wi I be taken at Two o'clock precisely.

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ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE, AND THE SECRET
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SELF-PRESERVATION; an
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Youthful excess. tropical climates, or close study ; followed by prac-
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C 88438.
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rrILE MOST SEASONABLE FOR THIS
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teh
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at this seasonvariety of attire manufactured by E. MOSES
years they have
and SON, su
are e amplest choice for every one, but seasonable
variety, it N unneces
theirmate REVERSIBLE COATS, which for many
be worn on either aid"'
in the largest quantities, and in the greatest
ry to change the name. Reversible means to
ry
°nese., one side on wet days, being waterproof, and
the other on d
and workmanship in till E. MOSES and SON'S styles, materials,
geci
les article supercedes those of any other house,
Dress for Toutbs and Children and the price char
E. MOSES and SON, itaeiferceeanis
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DEATH OF FRANCEBCO
(From the Morning Advertiser.)
The Church of Rome has had another victim.
To the endless list of those whose lives she has
exacted, there is now to be added one of the two
Madiai Francesco, who has just expired in the
prison of Florence, through the combined effects of
the closeness of his confinement in the dungeon to
which he was consigned by Popery, and the severity
of the labour to which he was subjected. Nothing
short of his death would satiate the vengeful spirit
of the Romish Church, nor is it likely, unless some
pressure from some of the European
applied to the Grand Duke, who is the
veriest slave of the priests, that the surviving wife
strongeries Powerst
political
be
will ever cros the door of her dungeon a living
woman.

No CONNEXION WITH ANT OTHER HOME IN OR Our og LONDON,
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London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and 3, Hart-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Farate.
'Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and
Shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gen tlemen.

IMPORTANT.—ShouId any article not give satisfactle ,n, it will be
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without hesitation. All goods aro marked in plain figureS , the lowest
price, from which no abatement can be made.

The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset on
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A new Book, entitled " The World's Pharos," containing the
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A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1853 can bee gratis,
on application.

Our readers are aware of the " crime" for which
the Madiai were doomed, the wife to 46, and the
husband to 54, Months' imprisonment
and hard
labour. That crime was neither more nor less than

ICI Pon pule Franca's. Qui st parla Iti
I
Hier spricht wan Deutsch. Mutt le bablas Evanol

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the simple reading of the Bible in the privacy of
their own humble abode. For that offence the
husband has paid the penalty of his life. He paid
it cheerfully. He never murmured nor repined at
his cruel doom. That Divine Power which endowed
him with strength to renounce the errors of Ro-
manism, enabled him, with a calmness and resigna-
tion which have never been surpassed, to suffer and
to die for his principles. The vengeance of his
priestly persecutors followed him to his dungeon,
and clamoured loudly until- it got his life ; but in the
midst of all his sufferings, and in the hour Of disso-
lution, he was happy—happier far than the Ducal
Prince, or any of his Ministers, at whose instance
the sentence was passed.
It may not be known to all our readers, that the
Madiai were imprisoned in a loathsome dungeon
ten months before the sentence was passed on them,
and that during all that time, as well as in the in-
tervening months, they never were permitted to see
each other. To show the spirit in Which these'
poor pious people met the fate to which the relent-
lesi spirit of the Church of Rome subjected them,
we reprint the following letter, written by Rosa
Madiai to her husband, on the 7th of June, the day
before the sentence of 46 months' imprisonment, in
a dark and dismal dungeon, with -hard labour was
passed on her, and 54 months' imprisonment' in a
similar dungeon, with hard labour, passed on her
husband :
• "My dear Madiai,—You know that I have always
loveslim but ho much more ought Ito love you now
fiat we have beeri'together in the battle of the Great-
King—that we have been beaten, but not vanquished.
I hope that, through the merits of Jesus Christ, God our
Father will have accepted our testimony, and will give
us grace to drink, to the last drop, the portion of that
bitter cup which is prepared for us, with returning of
thanks. My good Madiai, life is only a day, and a day
of grief. Yesterday we were young, to-day we are old I
Nevertheless, we can say, with old Simeon 'Lord, now
lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, for mine eyes
have seen thy salvation.'
"Courage, my dear, since we know by the Holy Spirit
that this Christ, loaded with opprobrium, trodden down
and calumniated, is our Saviour • and we, by His holy
light and power, are called to defend the Holy Cross,
and Christ who died for us, receiving His reproaches,
that we may afterwards participate in His glory. Do
not fear if the punishment be hard. God, who made the
chains fall from Peter, and opened the'doors of his prison,
will never forget us. Keep in good spirits ; let us trust
entirely in God. Let me see you cheerful, as I trust, by
the same grace, you will see me cheerful. I embrace
you with my whole heart.
"Your affectionate wife, " ROSA MADIAL"
To make any observations on such a letter would
only weaken its force. Who can read it without
emotion—more especially now that he to whom it
is addressed is no more, while she by whom it was
from
dhiih it was
is still inchziintsten ?in the loathsome dungeon
The blood of the martyrs, we are told, is the seed
of the Church. The Papal power will, we doubt not,
soon be furnished with a striking proof of this. The
blood of the Madiai has been shed, under circum-
stances of cruelty of which a demon might well be
ashamed. Not only was no crime of any kind—always
excepting the crime of reading the Bible—proved
against the Madiai, but they were not even charged
with any act of criminality. Two more inoffensive,
harmless, amiable persons were not to be found in
the Grand Duke's dominions. But that mattered
not to the Romish Church. They did not belong
to her, and that was enough. They might have
committed every other crime under heaven—the
greatest atrocities of which we have any record in
history,—and these would all have been forgiven
by the Church of Rome.; but to renounce the errors
of Popery, and betake themselves to the reading of
the Scriptures, were crimes too great to be forgiven
by the Romish Church in this life, and, if she
could help it, they would never be forgiven in the
life that is to come. Not satisfied with exacting
the earthly life of one of the Madiai, the Church of
Rome rejoices with fiendish joy in the idea, ground-
less though it be, that her imprecations will follow
him into the world to which she has sent him.
Bnethe malignant spirit of the Romish Church
has carried matters somewhat too far. She has
overdone the thing. The blood of the innocent
man whom she has deliberately murdered, will
cry aloud throughout the whole Protestant world
against the demoniacal spirit by which the Church
is actuated. Those who have till now entertained
the opinion—which we for a long time were anxious
to entertain—that the progress of civilisation had
' considerably modified the persecuting spirit of
Popery, will now be convinced of their error. The
conviction will be forced upon them, that their
charity was at variance with the fact. They can no
longer resist the force of evidence in support of the
position that the Church of Rome is just as deeply
imbued with the spirit of persecution as ever.
The great cause of the error which prevails so
largely in this country with regard to Popery is,
that we do not see it in its true light. The Church
of Rome is on her good behaviour in Great Britain.
She is not herself. She is not allowed to show her-
self in her true colours. Here she is kept in due
subjection. What she is, therefore, with us, is a
very different thing from what she would be, were
she mistress of her own actions. Why does not
Popery act in London as it does in Florence Is
it because the difference in the latitude of the two places makes a difference in.-the character of the system ? Assuredly not. The reason why our pri-
sons are not full to repletion with persons charged
with the crime of reading the Scriptures is simply
this,—that the Church of Rome is not in the as-
cendant here. Give her the same power in London ,as she possesses in Florence, and we shall have
Protestants dying in their dungeons in the metro-
polis, because they have been found with a copy of
the Bible in their possession, just as we have seen
the poor Madiai expiring, under the effects of con-
finement and hard labour, in one of the cells of
Florence. It will be a great point gained when
this view of the real character of Popery shall have
made its way to the Minds of those who were not
prepared for its reception. In this way the mar-
tyrdom of Francesco Madiai will be of unspeakable
service to Evangelical truth.
The death of Francesco Madiai, brought about
by the slow lingering process of close confinement
in an unhealthy dungeon, and incessant hard la-
bour—of all deaths the most appalling to contem-
plate—will create a feeling of intense horror
throughout the civilised world. Martyrdom at the stake or on the scaffold, as in days of yore, when
Popery, being in the ascendant in our own country,
kept Smithfield in a perpetual blaze, is not nearly
so formidable as the daily death for more than six
months to which the poor Madiai were subjected.
So that, in reality, the Church of Rome, instead of
becoming less cruel, has of late refined in her
cruelty. Yet this poor pious man never for one
moment wavered in his resolution. He shrunk not
from the certain death which stared him in the face.
He met his doom with the courage of a martyr
blended with the meekness of a confessor. The
future was not only disarmed of all terrors to
his mind, but was arrayed in the most radiant
hues. This was the fruit of his faith. So far as
nature was concerned, his position and the prospect
of dissolution, must necessarily have been appalling.
Viewed through the usual medium, therefore, the
fate of Francesco Madiai must everywhere excite
emotions of mingled indignation and horror. Even
some of the Roman Catholics themselves must, we
are surer shudder at what their Church has in this
case done. It will inflict a heavy blow on Popery.
It is a momentous fact--one pregnant with mean-
ing. It will do more, and go farther, to open the
eyes of the public to the real character of the
Romish Church in the second half of the nineteenth
century than years of discussion on the theology
of Romanism, or of thousands of volumes written
on the Protestant side of the controversy. And
never let the great fact be forgotten, that what
Popery has just proved itself to be in Florence, it
is everywhere. And if the fruits or manifestations
of the system are not of the same kind, the mo-
dification is to be solely ascribed to the restraints
which the civil institutions of the country impose
upon it.

~-~

METROPOLITAN EXHIBITION OF POULTRY.
tr-An esdrisive anlillhlt ition of ult he
first that has taken place in the metropolis), was opened
to the public to-day, in the Bazaar in Baker-street, the
same in which the cattle shows of the Smithfield Club
are usually held. The exhibition was some time since
announced as being intended to be held at Kennington.
The greater advantages, however, afforded by the pre-
mises at present occupied, induced the promoters to
hold the exhibition in Baker-street. A considerable
amount of interest has been evinced on the part of the
friends of the show, and great exertions have been made
to render it as complete as possible.
Formerly, when the "barn-door," or "dunghill," was
the only breed known, it would have been absurd to
have spoken of the advantages of an exhibition of poul-
trY- We have now the far-famed Cochin China, the
Malays, the Spanish, the Dutch, the spangled Hamburg,
the Prussian, the Polish, the Barbary, the Turkish, the
Dorking, the Bantam, the Sussex, the Negro, the Silky,
the Dwarf, the Fri4ed, the llurakin, and those other
numerc as breeds, for:the nail as and qualities- of which
we must refer the reader to the exhibition in Baker-
street, , which ie certainly
one of the most interesting and
complete collectiOns of the kind Which we have yet seen.
The number of entries in the show comprises about
2,000 fowls, forming by far the most extensive pre-por-
tion, consisting of not less than 51 classes, including the
different varieties of Spanish fowls Cochin China fowls,
Dorking, Malay, gold-pencilled fowls,
specimens,
golden-spangled Hamburg, silver-spangled Hamburg,
Poland fowl, Bantams, and any other distinct breeds.
The pigeon classes are thus divided—Pouters and crop-
pers, carriers, dragons, almond tumblers, short-faced out
beards,• short-faced tumblers, Jacobines, owls, nuns, tur-
bits, fantails, barbel, 'magpies, small pouters, good fea-
thered flying bald heads, good feathered flying beards,
good feathered flying mottles, good feathered flying tum-
blers, and foreign birds.
• As may be suppoSed from the extreme mania which
at present prevails, the Cochin China fowls form the
most prominent feature in the show. The value of
good specimens -of this class appeared almost incredi-
ble. A pen, consisting' of 'one' cock and three hens,
the property of Mr. Fairlie, of Cheveley-park, is valued
at 60 guineas ; there is also one hen in the show recently
imported by Mr. Catlin, for which a sum of 30 guineas -
has been refused. At a sale of.a, itiparitity-s6f fowl* of this
.breocklititiolilliik place on th4Wiigtss*P- Bakitiqtreit
102 lots, comprising 110 birds, the majority of them beting
chickens of three or four months old, realised the sum
of 3691, the highest price for a singke bird being 20
guineas. For the eggs which are laid at the show ss.
and 10s. are readily obtained, and not less than eight
detectives are placed in the building, whose sole duty is
to see that none 'of these valuable commodities are ab-
stracted by visitors. It is not more than four or five
years since this highly prized breed was first introduced
into this country, the first specimens being sent as pre-
sents to her Majesty, who distributed some fowls bred
from them among various persons likely to assist in pro-
moting their extension. The main point of difference
between the Cochin China and the Malay is in the
comb ; that of the Malay appears as if a portion of it
had been cut off, while that of the Cochin China is of a
moderate size, single, and -slightly serrated. The hen,
it has been stated, " will sometimes lay two or three
times in a day, and within a few moments of each other."
Authenticated instances of this kind appear, however,
to be wanting. There can be no doubt whatever, that
in many points this breed fully deserves the high cha-
racter and celebrity which it has acquired, more espe-
cially with respect to the delicate flavour of the eggs,
which are of a light chocolate colour, and the very early
age at which the bird arrives at maturity.
Among the novelties in the show is a pen of Scotch
fowls, called " Dumfries," or " beakies, of a light
speckled colour, and remarkable for the extreme short-
ness of their legs ; in fact, it is only by close observation
that any trace of legs can be discovered. There is a
pen of very beautiful Goura pigeons, and some fins
specimens of Australian pigeons.
The collection of ducks, geese, turkeys, and rabbits is
extensive and valuable ; we must, however, refer thy
reader to the list of prizes, and above all to the exhibi-
tion itself, for more complete information as to the
numbers and qualities of the specimens which comprise
this really interesting exhibition. The following is the
complete list of prizes in the principal classes : •
SPANISH FOWLS.
Class I.—Prize 1. Capt. Hornby, Knowesly-cottage, near
Preston, Lancashire ;l. Mr. Fox, Skinner-street, Snow-
hill •3. Mr. T. Jones, Vale-place, Hammersmith.Class IL—Prize 1. Mr. Fox, Skinner-street ;2. Mr.
Jones, Vale-place, Hammersmith ;3. Capt. Hornby. T.
Class lll.—Prize 1. Captain Hornby ;2. Mr. John
Taylor, Shepherd's. Bush.
DORKING (SINGLE COMBED).
Cra
Class IV.—Prize 1. Mr. James Lowrey, Handcrosa
Hornby.wley ; 2. Mr. Joseph Boys, Bidderham ; 3. Captain
Class V.—Prize 1. Mr. James Lowrey ;2. Mr. John
Fairlie, Chevely-park, Newmarket ; 3. Mr. F. Noyes,
Salisbury.

Tll4' CONVICT KIRWAN.-THE NEW CILIRGE.

`DUBLIN, MONDAY.—The Ddily Express contains the
following extraordinary disclosures :
During the past week the greatest curiosity has been
excited in the metropolis, in consequence of various
rumours that gained circulation, to the effect- that Kir-
wan, whose sentence has been commuted to transporta-
tion, would be again indicted for having committed addi-
tional terrible crimes. Many of these reportS were com-
pletely- groundless, and even the statements made con-
cerning the new charge Actually preferred against this
now notorious criminal weregrossly inaccurate. The police
authorities have now numerous documents in their pos-
session, having taken several depositions, and are yet,
engaged in making the most active inquiries into the par-
ticulars of the crime, or series of crimes which have been
preferred against Kirwan ; , and; when some further
necessary legal steps 'have beeri taken, the entire
facts of the case will be laid before the public. At
the present time, however, the ends of justice might be
marred by a premature revelation of all the circum-
stances connected with this extraordinary case ; but we
are yet enabled to give our readers several remarkable
passages in the career of the convict during the last
seventeen years, which will enable them to understand
the grounds on which the preseiit indictment is being
prepared.
The new informations have been taken in the case of
Mrs. Downes Boyer against William Bourke Kirwan
and others, for conspiring to rob and murder William
Downes Boyer, a minature painter.
It appears that in the cirounencement of the year 1836
Mr;--WillinvaillOgoiks with his -life in the
house No. 4, 11.
house M'Oahljaytial'ea, and' that'urfir
that period, having been married upwards of 20 years,
they lived on terms of the most mutual affection. Mr.
Boyer was a minature painter, and had a collection of
valuable pictures and other works of art. He became
acquainted with Kirwan in the month of May, 1836, and
frequently invited him to. his house ; and at this period
Kirwan resided in Parnell-place, and also occupied two
top rooms in the house of Mr. Walsh, the dyer in South
King-street, where he carried on the profession of ana-
tomical draughtsman, but was principally occupied in
colouHng the Ordnance survey maps for the Dublin
Government agents. About October, 1836, he induced
Mr. Boyer to pay a visit to his house, and his father
and himself, together with two sisters, one of whom has
since died, it is alleged entered into a conspiracy to destroy
the life of the old artist, who was then upwards of sixty
years of age, and to get possession of his property which
was considerable. When Mr. Boyer had been about three
weeks residing with Kirwan (who during this period en-
deavoured, with too much success, by every means to
alieniate him from his wife, by concocting unjust and un-
founded accusations against her), the letter persuaded
the old man to consent to hand all his property, includ-
ing his bank book, containing receipts for lodgments
to the amount of 2,5001., over to him ; and these were
transferred to Kirwan's house in Parnell-place, from
whence they were subsequently removed to Fleet-street,
and from thence to D'Olier-street. The manner in
which the pictures, furniture, and other property were
removed from Mountjoy-street, where Mr. Bowyer's wife
resided, is not the least remarkable feature in the case.
Kirwan and seven or eight of his companions proceeded,
between the hours of one and two o'clock in the morn-
ing, to the residence of Mrs. Bowyer, to which they
gained admission on the plea that they had been sent by
her husband ; the lady and her servant girl were locked
up by them in one of the apartments, and the house was
completely gutted of every article of value. For this
burglarious offence Kirwan was prosecuted and tried be-
fore the Recorder, and was acquitted on a technical
point of law. At this time Kirwan had in his employ-
ment several young men, some of whom he took out of
the Royal Dublin Society's schools, and engaged at
mere trifling salaries to colour maps, and it is well
known that, when unable or unwilling to liquidate the
lawful demands that these assistants made against him
for payment, he used to 'plead his poverty, and state that
he wished to act honourably, but that his means did not
permit him. In the year 1837, fresh proceedings were
threatened by the friends of Mrs. Bowyer, which, how-
ever, were compromised, a deed of separation executed,
and an annuity settled upon her, which has been regu-
larly paid by Mr. Vincent, the solicitor ; but from this
period, and, in fact, for several months antecedent to it,
Mrs. Boyer had never been able to see her husband, or
to hear where he was residing. The amount yearly re-
ceived by the lady was 401. About this time, it is also
asserted, that he seduced the servant girl who attended
him in Walsh's house.
In the same year (1837) Kirwan seduced a female
connected with a highly respectable family, a Miss
Jones, and after living with her for some short period
he abandoned her, and left her in a very destitute con-
dition in Holyhead. This girl was since in Dublin, and
died in a wretched condition a short time since. Imme-
diately on Kirwan's departure this unfortunate young
woman became ill, and was confined to her bed for a
period of seven months ; and, it was generally believed
that her ill health was occasioned by recourse having
been had to unfair means. On Kirwan's return to
Dublin, Mr. Jones, a brother to the female in question,
waited on him, and demanded an explanation of his con-
duct, with which demand Kirwan refused to comply,
neither would he consent to a hostile meeting. Mr.
Jones, finding that he could obtain satisfaction in no
other manner, had a large number of placards printed
and 'posted throughi Dublin, in which he gave a con-
densed sketch of Kirwin's life, and denounced him as a
coward, a poltroon, and a hypocrite, and made use of
other language of a violent nature. Kirwan employed
several parties, his father and sisters amongst the
number, to tear down these offensive publications,
thinking by this simple means to destroy the evidence
of his former conduct. Mr. Jones, however was not
contented with thus publishing an account of his wrongs,
but watched Kirwan, and severely horsewhipped him.
For this offence Kirwan prosecuted his assailant to con-
viction, but such was the impression on the Court, that
it considered the law was fully satisfied by the verdict,
and merely sentenced the defendant to be imprisoned
until the rising of the court. It is as well to remark
that the sessions were adjourned before half an hour had
expired.

About this time Mrs. Boyer made frequent applica-
tions at Kirwan's residence for information about her
husband, but was told on each occasion by the convict
that he did not know where Boyer was residing. In
the commencement of 1839 she became more solicitous
about him, and insisted upon ascertaining where he was
living, or if he had left the country, and she was charged
for annoyance by Kirwan's father ; and when the case
came before the magistrates, and the peculiar nature of
the transaction was explained, the charge was dismissed.
This occurred on several occasions, and the cases were
heard by different magistrates ; but when they ascer-
tained that the annoyance arose from the natural fact of
a wife making inquiries concerning her husband the
complaints were dismissed.
In the year 1840 Mrs. Boyer obtained an interview
with the Rev. Mr. Nixon, and that gentleman called
upon Kirwan, but he refused to give any explanation,
and denied that Mr. Boyer had ever resided with him,
and all knowledge of him, although previous to that
date and ever since the annuity has been regularly paid
to Mrs. Boyer by Mr. Vincent, who has never yet
asserted that Mr. D. Boyer was dead.
During this year (1839) Kirwan's sister (who has
since died) appeared much confused when asked about
Mr. Boyer, and stated, after some searching questions
had been put to her, that she had never seen him or known
anything about him. When further questioned, how-
ever, she said she remembered Mr. Boyer, her father,
and her brother, leaving the house on one evening
together, that the convict and her father returned alone,
and that she had never seen Mr. Boyer since. The girl,
however, has since died, but it is believed that her sister,
who is fully cognizant of all the particulars of this ex-
traordinary case, is still living in Dublin, and it is to be
presumed she will be brought forward.
In this brief sketch of his life, from 1837, of the con-
vict, no allusion has been made to his connexion and
marriage with the unfortunate lady whose remains were
found on Ireland's Eye, or the still more unfortunate
but criminal connexion between the wretched man and
Miss Kenny, as the particulars of these cases were fully
entered into at the recent trial at Green-street. We
may mention that the houses in Parnell-place, Fleet-
street, and D'Olier-street, have been carefully examined
by the officers of the G division ; and it is generally
believed that the kitchens and garden of the former place
will be dug up on this day, as a strong suspicion prevails
that Boyer has met with an untimely end, and that
-uofrkheimsKeiris.
remains are buried in some portion of the premises. his
jilriV who re-
Mr. John A. Dennis, the foreman of the
wtuarzedfurathveeriudiucrtdoefr
ugfuhilitsywaifgea, ihnsats,Wunillii)aehmaillf
101 l statement
and ten other jurors, published a
to variousjy for the ver-
That v
Saunders's News Letter, justifying the •
a imputations
diet they delivered, and replying
in
most irresistedeict twesastimwoilallyn!'
frum against
us tbhye m
irresistible
and;
al emc
yet he expresses his gratification that " the Executive
Government have been pleased to spare the life of the
convict.

DORKING (DOUBLE OR ROSE COMBED).
Class Vl.—Prize 1. Sir James Cathcart, Bart., Cooper's-
hill, Chertsey ; Mr. James Thorn, Morley-house, South
Lambeth.
Class Vll.—Prize 1. Mr. T. Nice Git, Broadley-hall,
Newmarket ; 2. Mr. John Fairlie.
DORKING (DOUBLE OR SINGLE COMBED).
B Class VIII.—Prize 1. Captain Hornby ;2. Mr. John
park ; MC ig
5.31 73 oy Rhlßaker,o mmendedChelsea.Mr. W. Harrison, Bayworth-

DORKING (WRITE).
J.
Class IX.—Prize 1. Mr. J. Jertnens, Mozely ;2. Mr.
Oldham, Long Eaton, Derby • 3. Mr. N. Antill, Port_
sea. Highly commended—J. Oldham.
Class X.—Prize 1. Mr. J. Jennens ;2. Mr. H. Fors-
ter, Markyte-street, Dunstable. Highly commended—J.
Oldham.

COCHIN CHINA (CINNAMON AND BU,
M,
Class Xl.—Prize 1. Mr. John Fairlie 2 F;
Krogwood-lodge Croydon ;3. Do. ;. Mr. Potts,
Class Xll.—Prize 1. Mr. Thomas Potts ; 2. Do. ;3.
Captain Squire, Barton-place, Mildenhall. Highly com-
' mended—Mr. J. Eaton, Thurlow-lodge, Norwood; Mr. H.
Collinson, 47, Castle-street, Southwark, Commended—
Ur. C. Adkins, Edgbaston ; Mr. George Peters, Worcester.
COCHIN CAINA (BROWN AND PARTRIDGE).
Class Xlll.—Prize 1. Mr. John Chater, Haverhill ; 2.
Mr. Thomas Bridges, Bridge-cottage, Croydon.
Class XlV.—Prize I.—Mr. Thomas, York.
COCHIN CHINA (CINNAMON AND BUFF OR BROWN).
Class XV.—Prize 1. Mr. Johnßidewell, Guildford ; 2.,
Mrs. G. Chalden, Coulsden, Surrey •; 3. Captain Squire.
Highly commended—Rev. C. Hall, Durham-eottage, 'Ux-
bridge ; Mr. J. Pairlie ; Mr. Whittingham, Woodford-
bridge, Essex ; Mr. J. C. Hodson, C
COCHIN CHINA (WHITE),
Class XVl.—Prize 1. Mr. J. Pairlie ; 2. Mr, E. L. Pres-
ton, Great Yarmouth.
Class XVll.—Prize 1. Rev. Dr. Allen, Englefield-green;
2. Mr. G. C. Adkins.

•
Class XIX.-Prize 1. MALAY-
G. Oldham, Mr. S. Soanes, Stepney; 2. Mr.
Nether Witacre.
GAME FOWL (WHITE AND PILES).
Class G Vivian XX.-P
Singleton. rize 1. Mr. H. Thirnell, Royston ; Mr. W.
. ,
Class XXI.-Prize 1. Mr. W. Grovin Holt, Norfolk;, q.
M.r. R. Wilson, Moon-place, Stanford-e-hope.
GAME (BLACK-BREASTED AND OTHER REDS).
H.
Class XXII.-Prize 1. Captain HornbY;. 2. Mr. F. H
Powell, Hillingdon • 3. Mr. At Cannell, Cnngleford..
Class XXIII.-Prize 1, Mr. R. Wilson ; 2. Mr. Tickell,
Doddington-grove.
• GAME (BLACKS AND BRASSY WINGS).
kito
Class XXV.-Prize 1. Mr. W. Destin, • Sec
ng n,
Warwickshire ; 2. Mr. R. Wilson.
GAME (DUCK WINGS).
Class XXVL-Prize 1. Mr. H. Thirnell, Royston ; 2.
Mr. E. A. Lingrd, Snow-hill, Birmingham ;3, Mr. G. c .
Adkins.
Class XXVII.-Prizo 1. Mr. R. Wilson ; 2. Do. ; 3.
Mr. C. Stinton, Hamsworth.
GOLDEN PENCILLED HAMBURG.
Cl XXVIII.---Prize 1. Mr. I. B. Chune Coalbrook-
dale • 2. Mr. J. E. Maplebeck, Highgate, Birmingham ;
3. dr. T. Aele, Norfolk.
Class XXIX.-Prize 1. Mr. H. Worrell, Rnottyash-
house, Liverpool ; 2. Mr. T. 13. Ade.
GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURG.
CCllaassas
xxxXXXl.lPPririzzeell..Mrxr. G.
j..
.Cll. Adkinsoxac;
-14 h Light-
Bel
MaLgate-street, Dunstable ,• 3. Mr. Q. C. Adkins.-
Ifg.l3Eas.tZowe,
SILVER PENCILLED HAMBURG.ki2:I7:e;
Belper ; 2. Do.
Bromley ; 2.
Class
;xxxX3X. klll.l.H....:Pp4virlieanll.,.
Mr.
G.
we
Mactlhaesrs
2. Mr. J. Applebeck,
G. Chambers, Ports
Whilock. •
ann. Malvern ;
SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURG.
Class XXXIV.-Plite 1. Mr. J. •ok, B• •
mhaimngh;
a2m
POLAND. M; 2r .. T)
v-
Fr
0.
Ijv i i
th C 3. Do.inuing.
Class XXXrize 1. lir.
s. mou ; .
(BLACK WITH varrrz CREST).
Unons, Dale-end, Bir-
Class )OQCVI.--Prize 1. Mr. J• C. Adkins 2. Do. ; 3.SZCAX•ND-VittriVirzerrii
Mr. T. L. Edwards, Lyndhurst. J.
RI f
.0
rE!
JS
J.
0 ER
.BEmAaßpDiesbee). k ;
2.
111?..1.; . G. Vivian ; 3. Mr. C. Clark, Street, near Was.
tonbury.
Class XXXIX.-Prize 1. POLAND Master G. Horner, Hull.
Class XL.- P (WITHOUT RUFFS OR BEARDS).
rize 1.
Perkins, Sutton Coldfiel Mr. J. E. Maplebeck ; 2. Miss B-
d.
Class XII.-Prize 1. Mr. W. 2. Hon. Mrs. Finch, BerkhampsteadCutter, Bathaturitc'n ;
POLAND (SILVER WITH RUFFS OR BEARDS).
2. Ain
Class XLII.-Prize 1. Messrs.
Cyrus Clark ;3. Mr. G. Vivian. Baker, Chelsea;
lefast4
Horner.
Class XLIII.-Prize 1. Mr. G. Vivian ;2. rG.

POLAND (SILVER WITHOUT RUFFS OR BRARDS).
Class XLlV.—Prize 2. Mr. C. J. Mold.
BANTAMS LA.
Class XLVl.—Prize 1 M(Gr G. OLD-
C. Adkins;
2. Mr. H. T.
Leigh, Turnham-green.

CAPTURE OF A GANG OF BURGLARS.—ThrougIi the
iastrumentality of Mr. Little, special high constable of
the Hyde division, one of the most formidable gangs of
burglars that ever infested this part of the country has
DISCOVERY OF OLD COINS .—An old cottage on a farm
been broken up, and various members committed to
af
woodi in Whittingham, a portion of the glebe
t Tenter-hill
o,
the.ttev.p
Isaac
etomn
Chester Castle for trial. The parties were brought up at
the Hyde Sessions, when several cases of housebreaking,
&c., were proved' against them• Their names are—
people in removing
oCshsoupr,chi,neainimdbaesotsuocfh
wthoeodproperty of
plumpton,
Wm. Partington, John Smith, and Wm. Shuttleworth • having lately been undergoing some repairs, the work-
but in addition, three confederates, named Elizabeth;
Nicholson, A. Moores, and Jane Shaw, females residing woollen cloth, containing a large number of silver coins,
the thatch, came to a piece of old
in.Salford, wile) it appears, were left to pledge the pro- which appeared to have been concealed therein.
half-
the
perty for them after it had been stolen, were also brought coins are 301 in number, and comprise crow:is, ii._!ip
up and committed along with them. The following were crowns, shillings and sixpences, of the.reilgenss _ , Psloivhe.
the burglaries proved against them On the 30th of and Mary, Elizabeth, James 1., and Char.
c;i.
thei reign
November last, at the house of Mr. Benjamin Millin - reigns of England, and some Spanish com
almost black
ton, engineer and surveyor of Newton Moor. Tge of Philip IV. When found the were e
h roof, just overto
next case was the house of dr. George •Dean, of Eromi- from soot, having been conceavleed I
been cleaned appear
of
law, on the 11th December. A rag warehouse in ml
- the soot loft. Those thatha
From the circumstance
tii
i of
field, on the 19th December, belonging to Alwin Smith.
t date be in excellent preservation.binla
er ,
tronard harde been
Many other cases might have been adduced against the none of the.tco.insoone_ g f
_lectured k
thatgot during the troubled
prisoners, but it was thought to be unnecessary. Great Charlese I. i
somei careful housewife
of the first Charles.
satisfaction is expressed that these daring depredators.' !concealed by by
marked the later , i dl' is more than 5 lbs
have at length been caught • and from their now well- i
i time
total weight of the
be
about 201., though to n. • mais•
known character, it is not likely that this part of the Th!.,
value will. .
its intrinsic
ll b worth
e the coins wi ewo much more.
country will be troubled with them again for some time , matists, a eeurs ,
to come.—M COtChaSter Courier,

Prize 1. Mr. H. J.
SILVER LACED.
Jones, Bedford ; 2. ME J. Fairlie.

WHITE.
Prize 1. Rev. G. F. Hodson ; 2. Mr. J. Dalton.
BLACK.
Prize 1. Mr. J. Fairlie; 2. Mr. T. H. Fox.
. _

BLACK BREASTED RED.
Prize 1. Mr. W. S. Forrest._ _

GINGER OR BUFF.

Prize.
days.ze
Paltor
The exl will remain open this and the three fol;
irirbition

min time tt. •
o me it has
been rumoured that diamonds tal been found in the new
gold regions, and more than one
to this country crystalline st
to be white topazes.
badventurer has the
DIAMONDS IN AUSTIIALIA.--p .
to be diamonds, but whie, ones, which were co asidere
diamonds has
solved. LieutieriThe question of the exi3tence of
a upon examination turned out
veyor
this country fr ant-ColonelovsirbeThn satisfactorilyommoasstiviitoleii,
general of NTew mouth Wales, has just arrived in
thcolony, and has bro-aght with
weighing i earat,ofougno
him a diamonsraf
dodinfothe and of the finest water,
,
west of Bathurst. Sir Thomas gold
Mitehe diggingshas presentedaP
this specimen, and also Museum P+of
found in the
same locality, to the of rcioaL Geology,
JerlllYll-street_ S+ _T--,

.Wa ,
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-