The Sun.
London, England, 1853-03-21 00:00:00

SPAIN.

M. Llorente, the Spanish Minister of Finance,
has just concluded a loan of more than 500 millions
of reals (more than 125 millions of francs) with the
house of Baring, of London. This slim is intended
to pay off the floating debt, which will be replaced
by a perpetual debt. The conditions of this loan
are very favourable to Spain, which has never been
able hitherto to obtain money but at an interest of
10, 12, and even 15 per cent. per annum. This
loan has been effected at 7 per cent. M. Sala-
manca, who seconded M. Llorente in this negotia-
tion, has just left London on his return to Madrid,
via Paris. The affair will be immediately sub-
Mitted to the approbation of the Cortes.
A good deal of rain had fallen in Madrid.
The following are the prices of stocks :—Three
Per Cents., 486 ; ditto Deferred, 24t ; Redeemable
Debt, first class, 11 ; ditto, second ditto, 51 ; Cou-
pon Certificates, 6. Exchange on London, 51.

ITALY.
A lettr from Florence, of the 13th, in the
Parkoneeto, of Turin, states that the public prose-
cutor havlled upon the Court to declare Guer-
razzi, p acchi Romanelli, Pantanelli, and Ca-
pocchi guilty of high treason. The sittings of the
Court have4been resumed. The judicial authori-
ties have sincle•passed sentence of perpetual impri-
sonment upon G*azzi.
In its sitting or the 15th the Senate 9f Turin
passed the Submarine Spezia and Cagliari
Telegraph Electric
Bill.
The Giornale di Roma publishes the Latin ora-
tion held by the Pope in the consistory of the 7th,
in which, among other matters, his Holiness des-
cants on the pastoral virtues of the Archbishop of
Tours, adding that he has been induced to promote
him to the dignity of Cardinal, as well ma account
of his virtues, as also because His Holiness was
sure to give great satisfaction thereby to it his
well-beloved son in Christ, Napoleon, Emperor of
the French (Charissimo in Christo filio nostro Na-
Poleoni, Franca= Imperatori)," since he himself
had warmly. advocated (vehementer petierit) that
nomination.
The deputation from the Lombard provinces,
which is to proceed to Vienna to congratulate the
Emperor upon his providential escape, is composed
of the Archbishop of Milan, the Bishops of Pavia
and Como, &c.
A proclamation, by General Count Hoyos, com-
mandant of Ancona, prohibits every assemblage of
more than five persons, under win dever pretence,
rater sunset is announced by the evening gun.
Pas cal Marchetti, 21. years of age, has been shot,

having been found guilty of carrying a revolving
pistol.
The hiding-place of Signor Mazzini is still an
enigma. All search has proved abortive. Many
think that he is at Milan. It is, however, very
doubtful if he ever ventured so far within reach of
the imperial clutches..
Baron Rothschild, after having concluded the
Three per Cent. Sardinian Loan at 70, has left for
Rome.

GERMANY.
The Minister of Police at Vienna has revived the
decree, published at the time of the Haynau affair
in England, against English travellers in Austria.
The Austrian Ambassador has addressed to the
Preside_nt of the Confederation, a written reply,
which persists in all the accusations already brought
against Tesino, but without any proofs to support
them.
The Prussian Gazette states that Lord Westmore-
land had presented an official note to the Austrian
Ministry from the English Cabinet, containing a
formal expression of their intention rigorously to
suppress any conspiracy fomented by foreign refu-
gees against the continental powers. This paper
adds, that Austria is rapidly preparing the neces-
sary documents for the legal prosecution of the
proscribed by the British court.
The Emperor of Austria held a grand reception
at .Vienna on the 13th ; all the foreign ambassa-
dors were present. The physicians of the Emperor,
who attended him after the attempt to assasinate

him, MM. Seeburger and do Watiman, have re-
ceived distinctions ; the first has received the Cross
of the Order of Leopold, and the second has been
made an Aulic councillor and a baron.
A letter from Vienna, of the 14th, states that
both General Haynau and the Archbishop of
Vienna, whose death has been announced, died on
the same night of apoplexy. The Archbishop had
been at. the head of the clergy of Vienna for 21
years, and was distinguished for his literary ac-
quirements, He was 76 years of age.
Haynau was in his 67th year, and was on the
point of receiving a new command in Italy. The
man who did so much to repress the revolution was
cut down himself on the famous 13th of March, the
anniversary of its breaking out.
The Papal Nuncio at Vienna and the Primate of
Hungary have been raised to the dignity of
Cardinal.
Count Leiningen, the successful envoy, h'as re-
turned to his post at Cracow, where he is governor.
On the 6th inst. the Russian and Austrian com-
missaries returned to Cattaro from Podgarizza.
The Turks had retired from Montenegro, but Omer
Pacha still kept a garrison at Spuz and Podgarizza,
while he himself had his camp at Skutari. All
hostages and prisoners taken by the Turks were to
be given up ; and, on the other hand, the guns
seized by the Montenegrins at Godine and Zablak
were to be restored to their former proprietors.
Omer Pacha's request that the inhabitants of Spuz
and the surrounding district should be allowed to
continue their field labours unmolested, was well
received by the two commissaries, who caused mea-
sures to be taken for their protection.
We read in the Voss Gazette :—" The federal
contingent is one per cent. of the population, in
conformity with the Convention of 1818, 1819, and
1820. At that period the total population of the
States_ of the Confederation was 30 millions ; it is
now 43 millions. The federal army is, therefore,
300,000 strong, or rather less than one per cent. of
the population, divided in the following manner :
Austria, 94,000 men ; Prussia, 79,000 • Bavaria,
35,000 ; Wurtemburg and Hanover, 13,000 ; Sax-
ony, 12,000 ; Baden, 10,000 ; making a total of
243,000. The other 57,000 are divided among the
other States, and form contingents, varying from
a maximum of 6,000, which is for the Grand Duchy
of Hesse, and a minimum of 55 for the principality
Lichstenstein."

TURKEY.
Accounts from Constantinople to the sth .by way
of Marseilles, and to the Bth by way of Vienna,
have arrived. They dwell principally on the mis-
sion of the Russian Minister of Marine, General
Prince Menschikoff, and are of considerable interest
and importance. The object of the General appears
to have been to show more hauteur to the Turkish
Government, and in a more public manner, Klan
Count de Leiningen, the Austrian Envoy, dis-
played. Before embarking at Odessa, he passed a
review of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea, and
of the corps of disembarkation which Russia has
kept on a war footing in the port of Sebastopol
since 1833. Twenty-seven vessels of war—ships
of the line, frigates, or large steamers—and 30,000
soldiers, were assembled on this occasion ; and the
greatest eclat possible was given to the review
with, it is supposed, the view of causing it to
be known at Constantinople. The General
then proceeded to Constantinople on board the
Russian war-steamer the Foudroyant, and ar,
rived in that city on the 28th February. He
was accompanied by Count Dimitri Nesselrode
as secretary, by two generals, one of them General
Nipocatscinski, commander-in-chief of the sth
corps d'armee, by two admirals, one of them Vice-
Admiral Corniloff, commanding the naval forces in
the Black Sea, by two colonels and two lieutenant-
colonels as aides-de-camp, and five captains as
orderly officers. Since the celebrated embassy of
Koutousoff at the end of the last century, no mis-
sion of the kind has been seen at Constantinople.
Prince Menschikoff and his suite were received, on
disembarking at Topkhane, by all the employes of
the Russian Embassy, and by between 6,000 and
8,000 Russian subjects or members of the Greek
religion ; and he was escorted by them with great
pomp to his hotel. On the 2d March, the Prince
went to the Po' te to pay a visit to the Grand
Vizier ; but, contrary to all usages, he did not ap-
pear in the uniform of his grade, but in plain clothes.
What took place in the interview is not precisely
known ; but what is certain is, that when on taking
his leave the Grand Vizier invited him, in conformity
with the diplomatic usage at Constantinople, to pay a
visit to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Fuad Effendi,
who was waiting to receive him, he replied in a very
loud and very disdainful tone, and before several
witnesses, that he would not see that minister, as
his Government, and especially its accredited mi-
nister at Constantinople, M. Ozeroff, had to re-
proach him with several breaches of faith. In con-
sequence of this Fuad Effendi gave in his resignation.
It is said in one of the letters from Constantinople
that the demands made by Prince Menschikoff on
the Grand Vizier, and supported by this demon-
stration, were not' less offensive to the Porte than
the remarks on one of its ministers. It was said
amongst other thibt) that the this
ri stn
ateemdeennitanmduesdt, bine
received with dou
thei name officiallyt h tt h er
eEc
n n rs
eo
dr
as
f
ssiash shouldhihs eGncevfeorrnnith bbe
as France as beent
the protector of thehGreekCfohrrisstnimanes,cseuntjnerictess
of
Turkey,
of the Patriarch of Cons k
the Catholics in the Levantanktm.anodotehasthothuiedelheecnticoen-
and confirmed by the
forth be made by the Gree
who at present has thaftertotheeft
(as already announced) by
Effendi was replaced
usidere
Rifaat Pacha, who had been nomdmnanteednafmtnbeaseshadieofrs
at Vienna, and who is co
of what is called the Austrian partY at
the same day,
nople. The ministers held a council
Constanti-
on the solicitation of the Divan
and put themselves in communication Wit
lithe
foreign diplomatic body. On the 4th March,
or
the English charge d'affaires, Colonel Ross/ accord-
ing to another ]etter from Constantinople, proposed
spontaneously,
to send a steamer to Admiral Dundas, commanding
the English fleet in the Mediterranean, who was
then at Malta, inviting him to approach the Dar-
danelles with his fleet. The proposition was, it is
said, at first accepted ; but on the 6th it seemed to
be set aside. On the Bth, however, the English
fvrensinselctohlennNeVlaßs f
osre nAtd
Admiral
rtoa Maltapu n d
aws t
ah
nadletter
posweas
dispatches to be forwarded to London ...via Mar-

Beanies. The fleet of Anmiral Dundas consists of

six men-of-war and a dozen frigates and smaller
vessels ; but if circumstances should require, it can

easily be doubled.
A letter from Constantinople of the sth says :
The arrival of the Russian special ambassador,
Prince Prince Mentschikoff, has excited great sensation
here, and he is said to be the bearer of an ultima-
tum
from the Emperor of Russia, which will admit
of no modification. He is accompanied by the
General-in-Chief of the Russian army in Bessarabia,
and the admiral commanding the Russian fleet at
Sebastopol, who are placed under his orders, and
will, in the event of the Porte refusing to comply
with the demands of Russia, return to their posts
and eminence operations. What these demands
are has not transpired officially. Report says that
the Emperor of Russia insists, among other things,
on a revision of the decision relative to the Holy
Places, on the cession of a tract of territory of 134
square miles near Ararat, and the recognition of the
independence of the Montenegrins."
A Belgian paper publisl es a telegaphic dispatch
from Marseilles, dated Thursday evening, to the
following effect :
"The Eng'ish steamer Caradoc has just arrived from
Constntinople. It brings the intelligence that Prince
Menscahikoff does not regard as sufficient satisfaction the
dismissal of the Turkish Minister of War. Ile has pre-
sented an ultimatum which the ivan has refused. ,arid
he
Sultan has invoked the immediatDe help of France
England. The fleet of Sebastopol was ready to start for
the Bo Thorns."
The Patric of Paris, says :—" A report was
Ispread to-day at the Bourse that the English fleet
was at the mouth of the Dardanelles. This news
is false. We think we can affirm that if the Eng-

Lich squadron of evolutions should quit Malta,
where it now is, it will only be to return to the
lonian Islands."
The Moniteur, of Paris, announces that the
French squadron now at Toulon has received
orders to leave that port and proceed to the Greek
waters. The arrangements for the establishment
of a new Bank at Constantinople were proceeding
very satisfactorily. Ten of the principal bankers
and merchants of the city—eight of them Arme-
nians, and two Europeans—are to be the founders
of the bank. These gentlemen are MM. Miran
and Boghos Duz, Abraham Alaverdi, 0 vanes
Tinghir, Bedros Yaglisian, Diran, Psichari, J. B.
Belisigdji, David Glavany, and Hanson. They
have adopted a scheme drawn up by a Mr. Stanley,
representative of some important London houses.
It was said that a Frenchman, M. Trouve-Chauvel,
at one time Minister of Finance under the Provi-
sional Government, was to be at the head of the
bank ; but it appears that he had only been con-

stilted about it: The capital necessary for the
operations of the bank is to consist of five-tenths
supplied by the founders, two-tenths by the Go-
vernment, and the remaining three by means
of shares. The principal object of the institution
is to restore public credit, by replacing, within a
given period, all the bad money which has only a
nominal value by good, and by reimbursing at par
and on demand the paper-money of the Govern-
ment, which is to continue in circulation. The
agio on exchanges arising from the difference be-
tween good and bad money will cease to exist when
the latter shall be no longer in circulation, and the
Government will thus economise the enormous sac-
rifices which it has had to submit to of late years,
in order to maintain the exchange at a reasonable
rate, and which have been the principal cause of its
pecuniary embarrassments. The bank will have its
paper accepted by the first houses of London, Paris,
and Vienna ; and to facilitate transactions, it will
issue a certain amount of notes payable to bearer.
The bye-laws drawn up by the founders have to be
submitted to the Government before they can be
published. They propose, amongst other things, to
subject its operations to the surveillance of a com-
mission nominated by the Porte, and to publish
an account of them annually.—The Sultan has
granted a large piece of ground for a cemetery for
Christians of communions, and it was said that
he would even pay the expense of building a wall
around it.

The Moniteur of yesterday confirms the report
that the French fleet is about to sail for the Levant.
It is said the instructions given to the admiral are
that he is to cruize off the coast of Asia Minor, and
not to approach near to the Dardanelles without
further orders. As regards the settlement of the
question between Turkey .and Russia, it is very
doubtful if the orders given to the two fleets will
have much influence. The belief of the French
Government is that the whole question will have
been settled before the Porte can be aware of the
approaches of these forces. It is said Russia de-
mands that the Emperor shall be acknowledged
head of all the Christian population in the Turkish
dominions, or, in other words, of nearly one half of
the population of Turkey in Europe. She
demands, moreover, that the Greek Patriarch
at Constantinople shall, after being elected by
the faithful, be confirmed by 'the Emperor of
Russia as head.of the Greek Church ; and lastly,
that the protectorate of the Holy Places shall be
conceded to Russia, to the full extent of her de-
mands. It is evident that if these concessions be
made, the power of the Sultan over the Christian
population will henceforth be little more than
nominal. The Czar will be the actual sovereign of
Turkey in Europe. A few years since any one
who would have ventured to predict that England
and France would allow such terms to be forced
upon Turkey would have been laughed at ; but
the opinion here certainly is that they will not
only be conceded, but that, on the part of France
at least, there will hardly be a remonstrance on
the subject.
The accounts received in Paris yesterday did
not add much to the information on the affairs
of the East. The organs of the French Govern-
ment persist in saying that Colonel Rose sent
for the English fleet spontaneously, and not at
the solicitation of the Turkish Government. The
only object of the papers which make this as-
sertion seems to be to save the amour propre
of France. If Turkey appealed to the protection
of England alone, and demanded the presence
of her fleet, why should France send her fleet
without any such solicitation ? This question
being rather an awkward one, the French Minis-
terial journals find no better means of getting over
the difficulty than by saying that both 'fleets are
sent without any solicitation on the part of the
Turk. The following article from the Pays of yes-
terday, though written with great care, is entirely
in that sense :

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" In accepting, in its textual terms and as completely
true, the dispatch which has caused so much excitement,
it would only state one thing—that the English fleet, at
the solicitation of the Turkish Government, would draw
near the spot where more or less important diplomatic
questions were about to be agitated, and that, instead of
remaining at Malta, it would anchor in the waters of the
Archipelago. A fact of great importance in our eyes
would resalt from this ; it is the accord which would
thus exist between England and Turkey. The Turkish
Ministry would in a measure have placed itself under
the protection of British diplomacy, and that protection
would not have been refused to it. Certain persons find
threatening eventualities in this fact ; we, on the con-
trary, see in it the most serious guarantees for the main-
tenance of peace, and of a conciliatory solution. If
Turkey were isolated, or abandoned, without strength,
and without counterpoise to all the greedy ambi-
tions which agitate around her—if no one took up her
defence, and if no power protected her rights—then there
might be perhaps reason to fear violent enterprises,
which might in a moment compromise the balance of
power in Europe. But such is not the case. Turkey
is, besides, more vigorously organised than is generally
stated, and the new effort which she has just made to
reconstitute a rew bank on solid bases, proves that her
financial resources are in a better state than has been
pretended. The support which she appears to find in
British intervention is a powerful counterpoise to the
force which acts on her or the other side. England
wishes for peace, and it is evident to every impartial
mind that it is only by diplomatic means that all the dif-
ficulties will be solved. Besides, it is not yet clear to
any one what is the real character of the difficulties,
and the positive object of the mission of General
Mentschikoff. Doubtless, the high rank of this pleni-
potentiary, the considerable personnel of his legation,
and the hauteur with which. he is said to have carried
himself towards certain members of the Turkish Go-
vernment—his ostentatious review of the Russian fleet
in the Black Sea, Lefore his departure from Odessa—all
announce that Russia attaches great importance to the
success of this mission. We repeat that we are ignorant
of the character of the instructions of the Russian pleni-
potentiary, but we do not think that the present diffi-
culty exceeds the limits of a question of influence and of
protectorate over certain of the inhabitants of Turkey.
Austria has, it is said, obtained by the mission of Count
de Leiningen certain advantages which, it cannot be dis-
sembled, increase her authority in the eyes of the inha-
bitants of Bosnia, Montenegro, and the Herzegowine.
Russia will not remain in the background. She hopes
to °Vain in her turn some new concessions of a nature
to increase her moral influence in the Ottoman Empire.
We are convinced that in spite of the pompous appear-
ance of the mission of General Mentschikoff, it does not
bear on any territorial question of a nature to give rise
to any threatening casus belli. Russia knows as well
as the other Powers interested that the dismember-
ment of Turkey would compel a remodelling of the
chart of the balance of power in Europe in the midst of
perils and commotions ; and not more than the other
great states is she disposed to stake the peace of the
world and the future state of society in this terrible
game. The policy of Russia in this respect is well known.
That vague hopes in the future may excite her ambition,
and point out Constantinople as the definitive object of
her dreams, may be conceived ; but it would be madness
to suppose that she can think that the moment is now
arrived to attempt such a decisive blow. The question
of the East will be once more settled by the habitual
prudence and skill of negotiators. The attitude which
has been already assumed by England is a guarantee for
it. In order to make the question assume any more
appearance, ore of the Powers interested
and neutrality of which are so important to
the integrity
must dare to violate a part of the Ottoman territory,
will the courage to attempt
Is it that Russia is on the point of
such an aggression
le? Is England about to invade Egypt!
peaee:onw?he
e of those skilful financiers who so
t an example of a thoughtless panic, can
imprudently se
Let us then reduce this agitating
believe such a thing.
N
rti s• Thepretensions of Russia
uort oap
question
• to its real propo on
they
cannot to demands ofa secondary nature;
formidabletk g C est antinop
can only be confine
prntiDtioivnano,f
setaantesrnan, nor on
Turkey.cannet imply T
hey the ha
ve
a it is said to have
and, if we may believe themgietteadnthde tohtete
dispatches,
oise and a support in the
sought from England counterpoise
l prudence, is sai to have
diplomacy, with its habitual prudence,
British fleet would
e,d ihaon:el ebre, r
thought that the proximity of the
negotiations which are about to be op.ened..d English
the preten-
sion
facts, looked at coolly and truly. Between
of England, what ought
give more weight to its intervention. Such are the
of Russia and the protection
to be the conduct of France ? That is what we shall
is nothing more than a diplomatic difficu , i
lty which will
have to judge of. At the present time, however, there
besettled by these pacific means which modern Govern-
ments hrve for the last thirty years put in practice when-
ever a cloud has made its appearance on the horizon of
European diplomacy."

A CHILD ATTACKED BY A GAME Cocic. —On the
morning of Sunday last a little boy, four or five years of
age, was attacked by a game cock belonging to Mr.
Daykin, of the Turf Tavern, in St. James's-street. The
child fell on his back and was defending himself with
his feet as well as he could, whilst the infuriated bird
was making vigorous attacks on his face. Some passers-
by happily drove the bird away, or the consequences
might have been most serious. As it was, the child was
bleeding profusely from the nose and mouth, and, but
for the timely assistance afforded, might probably have
lost both his eyes, as the attack of the cock was always
directed at the face.—Doncaster Chronicle.

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