The Sun.
London, England, 1854-10-25 00:00:00

HEALTH OP LONDON DURING THE WEEK.

THE TRADE 01 RUSSIA THROUGH
.NEUTBAL PORTS.

The measures taken by the Allied Governments
at the commencement of the present war with re-
ference to the trade of the enemy through neutral
ports, and even with the subjects of the belligerent
Powers, undoubtedly involved a wide departure
from those severe principles of maritime law which
this country had contended for and enforced in all
previous contests. It may, indeed, be said that,
practically, no war has ever interfered so little with
the course of trade as the present one, and, after
the experience of seven months, some opinion may
be formed of the results of this new system. These
results do not materially differ, except in one re-
spect, which we shall presently notice, from those
which we anticipated when first we had occasion
to discuss her Majesty's declaration of the 28th of
March, and the Order in Council of April. We
were perfectly aware that, in waiving the right of
seizing enemy's property laden on board neutral
vessels, and in allowing all goods and merchandise
whatsoever, and to whomsoever the same might
belong, to be imported under a neutral or friendly
flag into any part of her Majesty's dominions, the
Allied Governments bad left open a broad and easy
channel to the tee of the enemy, with this and
other countries, limited only by such restrictions as
might be put upon it by blockade ; and it would
be the height of inconsistency to make it a matter
of complaint that these measures have produced
the effect which they were calculated to bring
about. On the one hand, no doubt, the enemy has
suffered leas than he had reason to anticipate by
the closing of his export trade ; and the rate of the
exchanges between St. Petersburg and London
show that a large amount of gold is still being re-
mitted to Russia is exchange for its produce ; but,
on the other hand, large classes of our own country-
men—and, indeed, the whole community—have
been benefitted by the supply of hemp, flax, tallow,
and linseed, which has reached us through the
neutral ports ; and the burdens of the war have,
been borne with the more ease and goodwill, be-
cause the industrial activity and wealth of the,
country have not suffered from this state of hos-
tilities. In short, it is impossible to inflict a severe
loss on the commerce of the enemy without parti-
cipating in that loss to a great extent ourselves,
since we are in ordinazy times his principal cus-
tomers ; and it is a mere question of national ex-
pediency whether the injury- we do ourselves is
more than counterbalanced by the pressure we can
apply to the resources of our antagonist. One thing
is certain, that it is absurd to apply restrictions
on the trade of this country to which the trade of
neutral States is not subject, for that would be to
damage our own interests, while the indirect trade
of Russia would remain free to the rest of the
world: The British Government, acting in con-
_ junction with that of France, and having in view
the pretensions of many of the neutral States, had
no option as the waiver of the right to take enemy's
property out of neutral vessels, for that principle
was one which the French Government would not
abandon, and which we ourselves had frequently
recognised by treaty, though not in actual warfare.
Moreover, even if that right of prohibiting neutrals
from carrying enemy's property could have been
enforced in all its ancient rigour, it would not
have prevented neutrals from carrying the same
commodities in the name of a neutral owner—a
practice to which the law of nations can oppose no
insuperable barrier. Consequently, the only belli-
g gent right which we had it in our power to en-
turce against the trade of the enemy, by whomsoever
it was carried on, was the right of blockade. On
this point, however, the actual results have been
widely different from those we were led to anti-
cipate, and the merchants of this country,as wallas the
publie at large, have great reason to complain of the
confusion and obscurity which mark all the acts
and communications of the Admiralty on this subject.
It was generally understood that, when the British
Government assented to the wishes of France on the
question of enemy's goods in neutral bottoms, we re-
quired and obtained from France an engagement that
the right of blockadeshould be strictly applied to all
the ports of the Black Sea, the White Sea, and the
Baltic ; and it was naturally concluded that joint
and complete instructions had been sent out to the
Admirals, pointing out exactly where the blockade
was to be put on, and to what extent it was to be
carried. We are compelled to infer from the known
results, either that no such precise instructions
were sent out, or that they were not executed. In
the Baltic a blockade of the Russian ports has been
enforced, but it was tardily notified by Sir Charles
Napier, and its effect is in a great measure defeated
by the proximity of the Prussian ports. In the
White Sea, where it might have been absolute, we
believe that 300 or 400 vessels were permitted to
to bring out their cargoes ; and in the Black Sea,
where the ports north of the Danube and in the
Sea of Azoff might also have been hermetically
sealed, no blockade whatever has been established or
notified, except at the mouth of the Danube, which
we ought, on the contrary, to have opened, not
closed, when the Russians left the Principalities.
We cannot tell who is to blame for this extraor-
dinary and unexpected omission, which is at vari-
ance with the express public declarations of the
Government ; but, if any doubt existed on the
subject, the Government had it in its power to
remove that doubt by precise and authoritative
instructions. The result has been that our own
trade has suffered under the erroneous impres-
sion that a blockade had been or would be
established, while the Russian exports have gone
on as usual through the Greek houses at Constan-
tinople, who will realise enormous profits at our
expense. In truth, then, the system of relying
exclusively on blockade as a means of repression
on the trade of the enemy has not been fairly tried,
because the blockade itself has been singularly
lax and inoperative.
It is, however, a question of great moment,
which is anxiously discussed in the mercantile
. world, and is said to be under the consideration of
the Government, to determine whether any, and,
if any, what measures ought to be taken to place
further restrictions on the trade of the enemy.
Upon the principles already adopted, it will not
be disputed that the blockade ought to be rigorously
enforced, and we have a right to ask why that has
not already been done ? But, in addition to the
blockade, we know of only two other modes of
proceeding—either to prohibit the importation of
etussian produce into this country, or to adopt
belligerent measures against those States which,
under the cover of neutrality, are rendering im-
portant services to the enemy. With reference to
the proposed prohibition of Russian produce into
this country, we aro aware that it is strongly urged
by one class of persons whose interest in the matter
is easily perceptible—namely, by merchants and
others who are holders of this produce, and who
would immediately run up the price of their stocks
of hemp and tallow to twice the present rate ; and
we are told, large speculations in these articles have
been going on under the belief that the Govern-
ment would be driven to resort to some such mea-
pure. But this fact is in itself a strong argument
ikgainst such a restriction, and it is clear that the
cost of it would fall on the consumer and manufac-
turer in this country much more than on the Rus-
sian producer ; for, as this prohibition would only
close the ports of the British empire, and per-
haps those of France, against Russian produce,
the trade of Russia with the rest of the world
would go on with the same facility as at present
in neutral bottoms, and we should impose on
ourselves a privation in which other countries
would not share. Moreover, a trade which must
• then be regulated by certificates of origin and
special licenses opens the door to every species of
equivocation, contraband, and fraud. :The second
expedient is to resort to coercive measures against
those ports which serve by their geographical po-
sition all the purposes of Russian ports in a neu-
tral territory. These ports are exclusively the
ports of the old province of Prussia Proper, being
part of the kingdom of Prussia, but specially ex-
cluded in 1815 from the territory of the Germanic
Confederation,
neutral in the present
long as Prussia remains a
e
rights we have r sent war she is entitled to all the
does not eeognised in neutral States, but it
depend
on Prussia alone to determine
whether she is a ventral or a belligerent, and she
might render services
important a character ttohiluw3Seia of so
in declining to inveat at
- positive and
should be justified
privileges. The herrestrictions which longer with neutral
agar which the belligerent
Powers could resort to uttrh:frorsneee4ust, however,
be acts of war, and would,
with very important political be attended
uences. We
do not say that she should therecZ be permitted
to pursue an unjust and injueieurse
course, but it
should be borne in mind that the events of the
next few mouths, and possibly
of the
weeks, will probably next few
define more clearly
tion of the German Powers towards Ryntshsie,,peonaid
that the question of trade in the produce of the
enemy through German ports will follow the course
of policy which may prevail in Germany when the
navigation of the Baltic reopens next spring. if
any of the leading German Powers are then at war
with Russia, they will leave a common interest
with ourselves in stopping the, A-_raie which they
nor so materially assist ; and if, on the contrary,
they still lend a clandestine' support to Russia,
under the mask of neutrality, it will become ne-
cessary to consider on general giounds the effects
of that ambiguous attitude on the conduct and
'duration of the war.—Times.

The Cologne Gazette notices a rumour current at Bras•
sets, according to which Prince Napoleon, the heir pre-
sumptive to the French throne, is about to espouse the
daughter of King Leopold, A grandchild of Louts

(Prom the Report of the Registrar-General. )
The deaths registered in London, which in the first
two weeks of October were 1532 and 1394, declined in
the week that ended last Saturday to 1321. In the ten
weeks of the years 1844-53, corresponding to lsst week,
the average number was 942, which, being raised in pro •
portion to the increase of population, becomes 1036.
About 300 persons died last week more than could he
estimated from the experience of former years at the

middle of October.
Last week the deaths from cholera were 163. The
mortality from the epidemic declines, but sot so rapidly
as in the same month of 1849. In three weeks of Octo-

her in that year the deaths were 283, 110, and 41 ; in
the last three weeks of the existing epidemic they have
been 411, 249, and 163. Fatal eases of diarrhoea and
dysentery were 102 and 106 in the first two weeks of
the present month ; last week they declined to 83.
West districts, elevation above Trinity high-water
mark, 28 feet ; population in 1351, 376,527 ; deaths,
26. North districts, elevation 135 feet ; population,
490,396 ; fdeaths, 17. Central districts, elevation, 49
feet ; population, 393,256 ; deaths, 7. East districts,
elevation, 26 feet ; population, 485,522 ; deaths, 20.
South districts, elevation, 6 feet ; population, 616,635 ;

deaths, 93.
Sub-districts of Kensington-Paddington, St. Mary,
elevation, 82 feet ; population, 17,252 ; death+, 0. Pal-
dington' St. John, elevation, 76 feet; population, 29,053;
deaths, 1. Kensington town, elevation, 23 feet ; popu-
lation, 29,183 ; deaths, 1. Brompton, elevation, 12
feet •, population, 14,870 ; deaths, 1. Hammersmith,
St. Peter, elevation, 4 feet • population, 4,467 ; deaths,
0. Hammersmith, St. Paul, elevation, 8 feet ; popula-
tion, 13,293 ; deaths, 1. Fulham, elevation, 6 feet;
population, 11,886 ; deaths, 2.
Sub-districts of Chelsea.-Chelsea, south, elevation,
10 feet ; population, 19,050 ; deaths,
.3. Chelsea, north-
west, elevation, 12 feet ; population, 17,669 ; deaths, 2.
Chelsea, north-east, elevation, 13 feet ; population,
19,819 ; deaths, 2.
Sub-districts of St. George, Hanover-square.-Han-
over-square, elevation, 64 feet ; population, 20,216 ;'
death, 0. May-fair, elevation, 56 feet ; population,
12,980 ; death, 1. Belgrave, elevation, 12 feet ; popu-
lation, 40,034 ; deaths, 5.
Sub-districts of Westminster.-St. John, elevation, 2
feet ; population, 34,295 ; deaths, 2. St. Margaret,
elevation, 4 feet ; population, 31,314 ; deaths, 3.
Sub-districts of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields.-Charing-
cross, elevation 17 feet ; population, 12,587 ; deaths, 0.
Long-acre, elevation, 60 feet ; population, 12,053 ;
deaths, 1.
Sub-districts of St. James's, Westminster.-Berwick-
street, elevation, 65 feet • population, 10,793 ; deaths,
0. St. James's-square, elevation, 40 feet ; population,
11,469 ; deaths, 1. Golden-square, elevation, 68 feet ;
population, 14,139 ; deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of Marylebone.-All Souls, elevation, 76
feet ; population, 28,841 ; deaths, 1. Cavendish-
square, elevation, 73 feet ; population, 14,687 ; deaths,
1. Rectory, elevation, 68 feet ; population, 27,633 ;
deaths, 5. St. Mary, elevation, 79 feet ; population,
22,814 ; deaths, L Christchurch, elevation, 92 feet ;
population, 33,895 ; deaths, 3. St. John, elevation,
124 feet ; population, 29,826 ; deaths, 1.
Sub-district of Hampstead.-Hampstead, elevation,
350 feet ; population, 11,986 ; deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of St. Pancras.-Regent's-park, eleva-
tion, 87 feet ; population, 31,918 ; deaths, O. Totten-
ham-court, elevation, 73 feet ; population, 28,433 ;
deaths, 0. Gray's-inn-lane, elevation, 52 feet ; popu-
lation, 26,523 ; deaths, 0. Somers-town, elevation, 60
feet ; population, 35,641 ; deaths, 0. Camden-town,
elevation, 52 feet ; population, 21,115 ; deaths, 3.
Kentish-town, elevation, 110 feet ; population, 23,326 ;
deaths, 0.
Sub districts of Islington.--Islington, West, eleva-
tion, 100:feet ; population, 47,881 ; deaths, 0 ; Isling-
ton, East, eleVation, 88 feet; population, 47,448 ;
deaths, 1.
Sub-districts of Hackney.- Stoke Newington, eleva-
on; 72 feet ; population, 4,840 ; deaths, 0. Stamford-
hill, elevation, 76 feet ; population, 5,549 ; deaths, 0.
West Hackney, elevation, 55 feet ; population, 18,732 ;
death, 0. Hackney, elevation, 44 feet ; population,
20,850 ; deaths, 1. South Hackney, elevation, 44 feet ;
population, 8,458 ; deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of St. Giles.-St. George, Bloomsbury,
elevation, 71 feet ; population, 16,807 ; deaths, 0. St.
Giles, South, elevation, 64 feet; population, 19,951 ;
deaths, 4. St. Giles', North elevation, 68 feet ; popu-
lation, 17,456 ; deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of Strand.-St. Anne, Soho, elevation,
64 feet ;`1 population, 17,335 ; deaths, 0. St. Mary-
le-Strand, elevation, 48 feet ; population, 11,615 ; deaths,
0. St. Clement Danes, elevation, 36 feet ; population,
15,510 ; deathe, O. '
Sub-districts of Holborn.-St. George the Martyr,
elevation, 66 feet ; population, 18,813 ; death, 0. St.
Andrew, Eastern, elevation, 50 feet; population, 13,971;
deaths, 0. Saffron-hill, elevation, 40 feet ; population,
13,837 ; death, 0.
Sub-districts of Clerkenwell.-St. James, elevation, 44
feet ; population, 21,529 Meath*, 0. Arnwell, elevation,
68 feet ; population, 15,720 ; deaths, 0. Pentonville,
elevation, 84 feet ; population, 11,904 ; death, 0. Goe-
well-street, elevation, 78 feet ; population, 15,625
death, 0.
Sub-districts of St. Luke.-01d-street, elevation, 60
feet ; population, 10,617 ; deaths, 0. City-road, eleva-
tion, 52 feet ; population, 16,840 ; deaths, 0. White-
cross-street, elevation, 52 feet ; population, 13,657 ;
deaths, 0. Finsbury, elevation, 43 feet ; population,
12,941 ; death, 0.
Sub-districts of East London.-St. Botolph,. elevation,
36 feet ; population, 23,824 ; deaths, 1. Cripplegate,
elevation, 44 feet ; population, 20,532 ; deaths, 1.
Sub-districts of West London.-- West London (North),
elevation, 36 feet ; population, 12.946 ; deaths, 1.
West London (South), elevation, 24 feet ; population,
15,844 ; death, 0.
Sub-districts of City of London-City of London, south
west, elevation, 21 feet ; population, 9,204 ; deaths, 0.
City of London, north-west, elevation, 44 feat ; popula-
tion, 11,847 ; death, ,O. City of London, south, eleva-
tion 21 feet ; population, 11,461 ; death, 0. City of
London, south-east, elevation, 21 feet ; population,
10,594 ; deaths, 0. City of London, north-east, eleva-
tion, 44 feet ; population, 12,826 ; death, 0.
Sub-districts of Shoreditch-Liolywell, elevation, 36
feet ; population, 17,245 ; deaths, 1. St. Leonard, ele-
vation, 41 feet; population, 19,449; deaths, 1. Hox-
ton New Town, elevation, 52 feet ; population, 23,505;
deaths, 1. Hoxton Old Town, elevation, 52 feet ; popu-
lation, 17,431 ; deaths, 1. Haggerstone, west, eleva-
tion, 52 feet ; population, 20,276 ; deaths, 1. Hagger-
stone, east, elevation, 52 feet; population, 11,351 ;
deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of Bethnal-green-Hackney-read, eleva-
tion, 44 feet ; population, 23,910 ; deaths, 1. Green,
elevation, 36 feet ; population, 23,555 ; deaths, 1.
Church, elevation, 36 feet; population, 21,787 ; deaths,
1. Town, elevation, 36 ; population, 20,941 ; deaths, 1.
Sub-districts of Whitechapel-Artillery, elevation,
36 feet; population, 6,769 ; deaths, 0. Spitalfields,
elevation, 36 feet • population, 15,336 ; deaths, 1. Mile-
end New Town, elevation, 36 feet ; population, 14,543 ;
deaths, 4. Whitechapel North, elevation, 36 feet ;
population, 12,530 ; deaths, 0. Whitechapel Church,
elevation, 32 feet; population, 7,818 ; deaths, 0.
Goodman's-fields, elevation, 28 feet ; population, 12,069 ;
deaths, 0. Aldgate, elevation, 19 feet ; population,
10,694 ; deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of St. George's-in-the-East.--St. Mary,
elevation, 26 feet ; population, 18,067 ; deaths, 1. St.
Paul, elevation, 27 feet ; population, 20,319 ; deaths,
0. St. John, elevation, 2 feet ; population, 9,990 ;
-deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of Stepney.--Shadwell, elevation, 7 feet ;
population, 16,179 ; deaths, 0. Ratcliff, elevation, 13
feet ; population, 15,212 ; deaths, 2. Mile-end Oid
Town, upper, elevation, 32 feet; population, 29,532 ;
deaths, 0. Mi.e-end Old Town, lower, elevation, 28
feet ; population, 27,020 ; deaths, 2. Limehouse, ele-
vation, 10 ; population, 22,732 ; deaths, 0.
Sub-districts of Poplar.-Bow, elevation, 12 feet ; po-
pulation, 18,778 ; deaths, 0. Poplar, elevation, 3 feet;
population, 23,384 ; deaths, 1.
Sub-districts of St. Saviour, Southwark. - Christ-
church, elevation; 2 feet ; population, 16,022 ; deaths,
1. St. Saviour, elevation, 4 feet ; population, 19,709 ;
deaths, 6.
Sub-districts of St. Olave, Southwark.-St. Olave,
elevation, 6 feet - fpopulation, 8,015 ; deaths, 3. St.
John, Horsely down, elevation, 2 feet ; population,
11,360 ; deaths, 2.
Sub-districts of Bermondsey.-St. James, elevation, 1
dLaelaetnh,cerlemvaatrikonot,,Oelfeeveatt;iopoo, pouifaeotito;o,pl;
foot ; population, 18,899 ; deaths, 8. St. Mary Mag-
-3p,u9i3ati0;nt,1ea1t51:25,952.;
deaths, 4.
Sub-districts of St. George, Southwark.-Kent-road,
ulaoti;on,ls,
population,B6 2 ;
elevation, 1 foot ; population,lB,l26; deaths, 6. Borough-
road,elevation,
London-road,
el2ev;atipono,p
deaths, 2.
Sub-districts of Newington-Trinity, elevation, 1
population, 20,922 ; deaths, 5. St. Peter's, Wal:
worth, elevation, 2 ; population, 29,861 ; deaths, 10.
St. Mary, elevation, 1 ; population, 14,033 ; deaths, 3.
Sub-districts of Lambeth-Waterloo-road, Ist eleva-
tion, 3 ; population, 14,088 ; deaths, 0. Waterloo-
road, 2d elevation, 2 ; population, 18,348 ; deaths, 4.
Lambeth Church, Ist elevation, 2 ; population, 18,409;
deaths, 0 ; Lambeth Church, 2d elevation, 1 ; popula-
tion, 26,784 ; deaths, 4. Kennington, Ist elevation,
4 ; population, 24,261 ; deaths, 4. Kennington, 2d
elevation, 8; population, 18,848; deaths, 3. Brixton,
elevation, 56 ; population, 14,610 ; deathi, 0. Nor-
wood, elevation, 128 (?) ; population, 3,977 ; deaths, 1.
Sub-districts of Wandsworth.-Clapham, elevation,
21 feet ; population, 16,290 ; deaths, 1. Battersea,
elevation, 3 feet; population, 10,560; deaths, 4. Wands-
worth, elevation, 12 feet; population, 9,611 ; deaths, 0.
Putney, elevation, 12 feet ; population, 5,280 ; death,
0. Streatham, elevation, 72 feet ; population, 9,023 ;
death, 0.
Sub-districts of Camberwell.-Dulwich, elevation, 68
feet ; population, 1,632 ; deaths, 0. Camberwell, eleva-
tion, 5 ; population, 17,742 ' • deaths, 4. Peckham, ele-
vation, 43; population, 19,444; deaths, 2. St. George,
elevation, 3 • po ulot.
Sub-div • ;population, 13, 5 849 • deaths,
ion, , 2.
‘ric.43 of Rotherhithe.-Rotherhithe, elevation,
0 ,l,) &tw o ul •
Sub-districts
17,805 ; deaths, 3.
districts of Greenwich.-St. Paul, Deptford, ele-
vation,
10; population, 24,599 St.
n, 4,899 ; deaths, 1. Nicho-
las, Deptford, elevation,
0. Greenwich, West ; population, 7,071 ; deaths,
,elevation, 12; population, 13,800,
deaths, 4 ; Greenwich
16,228 ; deaths, 1. WoolwichEtelevation, 7 ; population,
dockyard, elevation, (?) ;
population, 17,140 ; doath O.
ele-
vation, (?) ; population; -15;227- Woolwich Arsenal,
Sub-districts of Lewisham.-iThrths, 0. -
d elevation (1);
population, 13,191 ; death, 0. Elthma4mten •
po-
pulation, 2,568; death, 0. Lee, elevation, e atio4n,4(?)fe;
t
population, 8,476; deaths, 0, Lewisham na
- .

vation, 16 feet • population, 6,097 ; deaths, 0. Syden•
ham, elevation 188 (?) ; population, 4,501 ; deaths, 0.
Last week the births of 7i05 boys and 703 girls, in all
1,408 children, were'regista led in London. In the eight
corresponding weeks if the years 1845-52 the average
number was 1,389.
At the Royal observatory„ Greenwich, the mean height
of the barometer in the week was 29.504 in. ; at the
beginning of the week the barometer rose to 30.13 in.
The mean temperature of the week was 46.50 deg.,
which is less by 3.0 deg. than the average of the same
week in 33 years. The mean temperature was below
the average on every day of the week ; 5 8 deg. below
it on Tuesday, and 7•30 deg. below it on Thursday.
The highest temperature eras 56.5 deg. on Saturday ;
the lowest were 35.3 deg. (lux Tuesday, and 35.5 deg.
on Thursday. The mean, dew-point temperature was
42.3 deg., and between this and the mean temperature
of the air the difference was 4.2 deg. The wind was
variable durine the week. The horizontal movement of
the air was 785 miles ; on. Wednesday, 160; on Thurs-
day and Saturday 155 miles. Rain to the amount of
0.47 in. fell on Friday.

MORTALITY IN TIE METROPOLIS.
NIT3IBER or DEATHS FRCGI ALL CAUSES REGISTERED
IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCT. 21.

Zymotic Diseases
Diseases of Uncertain Seat
Tubercular Diseases
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves and Senses
Diseases of the Heart mid 33t00d-vessels 39
Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of
Respiration. ..
Diseases of the Stomach, 'Liver, and other Organs
•
of Digestion
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c.
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c.
Malformations
Premature Birth and Debility
Atrophy
Old Age
Sudden
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance lB
Causes not specified

. 195

DEATHS 71011 ALL CAUSES
Population Deaths in corre- Deaths
Enumerated. spending week in the

---iiiil. O/ lis3. Week
West Districts
North Districts 490,396
Central Districts 393,255
East Districts 485,522
South Districts

Totals
Males
Females

1,0350

1,321

627
694