The Sun.
London, England, 1854-05-27 00:00:00

CIRCASSIA.

According to a despatch of the 15th, from Con-
stantinople, the Circassians had come down from
the mountains, and had occupied all the places
evacuated. They surprised 1,500 Russians at
Soukoum-Kale, and made them prisoners. They
had proclaimed a provisional government, under
the presidency of the brother-in-law of Schaanyl.

RUSSIAN NAVAL STATIONOF NICOLAIEV,

The Illoaiteux de la Flotte quotes a letter from
an officer on board the French fleet in the Black
Sea, giving some account of Nicolaiev, which is,
after Sebastopol, the principal naval establishment
of Russia in that sea. This information was de-
rived from the crew of one of the Russian vessels,
lately captured. Since the commencement of
hostilities the most formal orders were for
warded to Nicolaiev to complete with all pos-
sible activity the ships of war lying on the
stocks. But these orders could not be exe-
cuted, for various reasons. Hands and supplies
were wanting. The most intelligent foremen,
who had been brought from foreign countries, espe-
cially from England, by Admiral Lazareff,
left the service of Russia, and could not 1.),3
replaced. The best workmen in the country
had been forced to serve ou board the fleet as master
carpenters and engineers, and several companies of
operatives were transferred to Sebastopol, for the
execution of urgent works in that place. The supply
of timber, coal, and other articles derived from
abroad being exhausted there was no possibility of
renewing it. Among the ships on the stocks at
Nicolaiev are 5 liners, considered unfit for service,
but which are n9w being thoroughly repaired by
order of the Emperor. These are—the Francis I.
110 guns ; the King, of Prussia, 84 guns ; Omega,
84 ; John Golden Mouth, 74 ; and Erivan, 60.
Among the vessels now constructing are—the steam
ship Marshal Paskiewitsch, 100 guns ; Teflis, a
sailing ship of 82 guns; the 56-gun frigates Crimea,
Orthodoxy, and Standard, and the steam-corvette
Mingrelia. The largest engines, being ordered in
America, cannot reach their destination, so that
the steamers for which they are intended are totally
unavailing. Prince Menschikoff visited the arsenals
of Nicolaiev towards the close of April, by desire of
the Emperor, to whom he addressed an account of
their situation.

THE BALTIC.
A telegraphic communication from Dantzic,
dated yesterday, states that no steamer had arrived
from the Baltic fleet up to that date, and that two
weeks' despatches and one mail were waiting there
for conveyance to the fleet.
COPENHAGEN, May 22.—The two rival steam-
packet companies, formed in Christiania and
Christiansand, have now happily taken steps for a
union, and will immediately commence operations.
They will begin with a boat that will run between
these towns and Hamburg, and will proceed to
purchase another for the route to England. As the
CONSTANTINOPLE. English have now established a post from the fleet
On the 25th, says a despatch from the Turkish to Dantzic, and thence by telegraph to Hamburg,
intelligence from the East or the Baltic will reach
capital, the Russians were manoeuvring to cut off
England much quicker by this line than from Stock-
the communication between Varna and Silistria.
An English division was to embark at Constanti-
holm.
As the French fleet is new lying at Bellevue,
near Kiel, some suppose that the old plan will be
nople for
Varna, while the French force was to I adopted for the Anglo-French squadrons meetingmarch on the Balkans. in that harbour. Others, apparently with more FRANCE.
The merchants of Galata complain of the war, justice, assert that this would only lose time,
REPORT ON THE BUDGET OF 1848.
but at the same time they are realising enormous and that the French fleet (15 sail) will make
profits on horses and other objects in request by the the best of its way to Sir Charles Napier. The This document, which has been drawn up by
army, which those who know the country and the agitation increases daily. The half-official press Baron Paul de Richemont, appears in the Muni-
ways of supply can buy cheap and sell at prices openly insults Denmark and the Danes, and tear. It is of great length, filling nearly nine
which but six months ago would have been consi- insolently counsels the Government to put an end closely-printed columns of the official journal. It
dered fabulous. The people of Pera and Stamboul to the Constitution at once. This goes on without commences by remarking on the very decided ame-
are declaring that the war is ruining them, but the let or hindrance. The Government prosecutor is lioration which has taken place in the trade and
fact is, that, besides the. thousands of officers who silent ; whilst prosecutions shower down upon the manufactures of the country under the present
spend their money pretty freely, there never was national press for the most innocent expressions, Government. The traces of the perturbation which
the Revolution of 1848 had produced have, it de-
such an influx of strangers, such coming and going, and the courts take care to pronounce them guilty
dares, totally disappeared since December 2, 1851 ;
and so much money given for the most indifferent in every case. At this moment the question which
confidence having been restored, public and private
accommodation. Every steamersends its boat-loads is uppermost is the celebration of the fifth year of
of strangers to the shore ; the hamals, or porters, the Constitution, which will take place on a credit has received such an impetus, that the indi-
are literally worked to death with the weight of large scale on the sth of June. We shall see rest contributions, that certain mark of public
luggage they carry up the steep streets of Pera, whether the Cabinet will dare to prohibit this cele- prosperity, have increased in three years from 707
the kaikshis are making their fortunes in convey- bration. If they do the revolution may be con-
to 846 millions. That marvellous prosperity, the
Mg, all day and almost all night, parties of officers sidered as begun. In the duchies the Danish na-
report goes on to say, improved further by the
across the Bosphorus, and the horse lenders, who, tionality is more oppressed than ever, and the most continued action of a prudent and strong Govern-
some four weeks ago, assailed every passer-by with shameful infractions are made of the rights of the ment, was not produced in France only, but spread
their loud cries of " Cavallo e have doubled and Danish population. Prussia and Schleswig-Hof- ' H I eswig- o - itself abroad in every direction ; for it is the destiny
on
France always to react trebled their prices and have ceased to offer their stein are triumphant, of other countries by her
horses, for people are but too happy if they can COPENHAGEN, May 23.--One of the merchants prosperity as by her disasters. But all of a sudden
get the loan of one for an afternoon. And as of the good town of Ystadt has publicly announced this favourable posture of affairs seemed to be en-
Constantinople is, after all, not far from England, that he will present a gift of 1,000 rix-dollars banco dangered by the prospect of war. The report on
:
and Englishmen are proverbially fond of travelling, to the poor the moment the news arrives of any that point uses the following language
it is quite certain that the influx of strangers considerable defeat of the Russians in Europe or " Suddenly, a sovereign, who for a length of time had
will increase. Indeed, it is not too much to an- in Asia. The Swedish post-boat, from Grisslehamn been desirous of passing for the most firm supporter of
ticipate that Parliament and the bar will make to Aland, was stopped on the 14th by English European..t tranquility, impelled by an ambitious and ego-
ttihsetisca feeling,
ego-
this their summer excursion. Therefore, a few rowing-boats, but immediately dismissed. The traditional in his dynasty, compromised
hints as to the manner of going, and the way of Finnis6h post-boat was not so lucky. It was seized in
the
ecurit(r which the world enjoyed. It is therefore
making oneself comfortable at Pera in this extraor- and retained. So far from the universal re- difficult midst st of circumstances, new, unforeseen, and
dinary time, will be acceptable and interesting to all ports of the attack on Bomarsund and Gustafs- quenceq thaarreciation in all their ulterior conse-
the Government has been obliged to
those who meditate an excursion to the Bosphorus. yarn being confirmed, there is reason to suppose prepare', the elementse of the budget of 1855, taking
Those that would go by the quickest and cheapest that Sir Charles has not yet struck a blow of into account th influence which the events of foreign-
route—now that the line of railway from Paris to any kind. The cannonading heard in Gothland policy might exercise
This on the provisions of the
dpunbs-
Marseilles is complete—should go through France, would appear to have been great-gun exercise. lie powers. reserve, which is prudent
and time their arrival at Marseilles so as to catch On the night between the 16th and 17th, the cessary, must not, an,for however, be carried too
one of the direct steamers plying between that port French liner, Du 84,anchored at Frederik-
i
perr6 -
and Constantinople. Those steamers leave Mar- shaven (as I have already informed you). It has creased by anticipating their being too considerable or
seilles on the 6th, 16th, and 26th of each month, a crew of 500 seamen and 400 land troops. Ott the too nnmerous. The Government fora long time refused
and make the passage in eight days. So that a 17th a number of the officers landed, accompanied to believe in a war which moderation condemned, and
man need not be longer than 10 days on the road. by the chaplain. There were no pilots, every man good faith rejected, and which the most sacred interests
of Europe should have caused to be considered Those that. mean to' confine their, excursions to being already engaged. At length, after much Bible. Nevertheless every day the rupture became more
impos-
Stamboul and its vicinity want no weapons, but difficulty, the captain succeeded in procuring the
before
more imminent, and when the budget was
those that mean to go inland had better provide mate of the Valdemar, and put to sea at seven you, we were in that strange situation,.which.
themselves with some portable efficacious arms, in the evening. The Norwegians here celebrated was so justly defined in the Parliament of a neighbouring
such as the smaller size of Colt's revolvers. There the anniversary a their Constitution on the 17th (If We ;tre net yet at war, we ,
,

is known that a considerable number of gun-boats are
bring constructed in the Finnish ports, and perhaps
some of our small craft may run in and cut them out.
"There is not a little uneasiness in the fleet regarding
the comparative paucity of surgeons. Should any acci-
dent happen during action to any of the medical men,
the consequences to the crews of their respective vessels
would probably be very serious. I believe one of the

objectiUns, on the part of surgeons, against entering the
navy, is that they are not always provided with berths,
and that, whilst acting as assistaut•surgeoas, they have
to mess with the midshipmen."

GREECE.
According to intelligence from Malta of the 22d,
the division of General Forey, was to leave yester-
day (Friday) in 14 steamers, fur Athens, which
city it will occupy.

are no longer quite at peace." On the 27th Marcb,ouli
the very moment when the Legislative Body was a•
to deliberate in its bureaux oil the bill fixing therecel,
and expenditure of 1855, it was convoked to hear so:hilt
munication from the Government. The minister of
State announced that the united efforts of Frayo..
and England to bring the Czar to moderate reset,!
tions had failed ; and that Russia had put herself i°
a state of war towards the allied powers, the resPaa
sibility of which would fill on her alone. An august
voice has said, Woe to him who shall be the fio
in Europe to give the signal of a collision, the eo°
sequences of which must be incalculable.' Eqer'-; ,
has taught us that this voice never prophecied in va°
For our parts we add, Woe to France and to Direr,('
if they do not arrest this new invasion of despotism tad%
barbarism.' It is therefore to secure to the
durable to t hat we must know oto resgn ob-iy
selves momentarily to war. Our country has adi are
comprehended this ; and, as it wishes for peace, it ant
not hesitate at any sacrifice to obtain it, and to place
beyond the reach of any fresh attack. Powerful arji,
numerous reasons unite to deprive this transient strilgi
of the character which war has too often assumed in Pas
times. The equity, good sense, and disinterestecine'ej
which inspire the policy of the Government, have secured
to France the approbation of the whole world, the alts' ;
giance of all the great states, and the sincere and enef
getic co-operation of a nation, long our rival, but n" j
the partner in our efforts to maintain the security n
nations. This state of things gives us tranquillitf°l
the continent, and secures our rule over the seas .
has established the great principle of liberty 01.11-oj
trais ; and by a measure of justice due to a g°o
cause, it removes from our commerce all the calsr°"l
of war to throw them entirely on that of the WI;
Thus, a war which is unfortunately necessary, but tql
scene of which is at a distance, and which certainerill,
be but temporary, as it is waged by all against a n°,
mon enemy ; the prospect of a speedy peace, foundeeer,
a basis which it will not be henceforth easy to ove„,
throw, or even perhaps to shake ; our commerce Pitt
serving nearly all its usual markets—such is, witb°,,ep
any exaggeration on either side, the situation of Fra''r
at the moment when the bu get is submitted to your lit
amination. For the Emperor, as for France, L'Entl)",
c'est la paix. Thus the regular budget of 1855 is Pre
sented to you in normal conditions, which the gove,o
ment does not despair of seeing realised. It was t°o
that you have understood it, gentlemen, in receiving'
yoa have done, the announcement of the state of was
and in authorising with a patriotic eagerness the luau
meet the necessary expenses. It is thus that the 0100
try understood it in giving, with such unanimity and s°
much warmth. its financial co-operation to the politi
measures of the goverdment ; and it is thus that Y°ll},t
committee must understand it, in order to be the ,
ful interpreter of the sentiments of France and of Y°ll.
own."
The report then speaks of the credits demanded
for the departments of War and Marine ; its law
guage beginning as follows
"The whole of the credits demanded for these too
ministerial departments amount to 443,500,193 f. ffr
War, 315,897,791 f.: for Marine, 127,602,402 f ;e
credits awarded in 1854 were 426,567,048 f. ; increase
for 1855, 16,933,145 f. These figures were adopted
in expectation of a state of peace. We hope tb!it
that state will soon be restored to us. What is certain
is, that favourable chances will increase in direche
proportion to the rapidity and energy with which tmt,
war is conducted. While we were examining the buagea
facts were advancing, the campaign was entered on,
hostilities commenced. The Government, responding
the confidence of the country, was giving to our stri,ni't
what it considered the strongest organization.
organization, which cannot be the work of a day,
io
partially effected ; it renders necessary expenses whie;
by their permanent character, will be set down,'"
the budget ; but it is still difficult to know what will her
financially speaking, the definitive result. Once that out
military forces are more vigorously constituted, 101 l it
not be possible to effect reductions, and to dimin'ef
expenses which now appear probable ? Witnesses °f
the transformation which is being effected in the ore'
ization of the army, ought we to have taken the is°.
hated elements of that change, and have inscribed there
in the budget ? We have not thought it right to enter
on that path. There are extraordinary situations which
incontestably bear down the rules of normal times. IVs
believe that we have understood what the present
situation requires ; we belive that we have COr
formed to the wishes of the nation which we repC°
sent, by seconding with all our force the initiative sn,..
energy of the man whose mission it is to display tt°
flag of France. The Emperor rightly counted on ti
enlightened and absolute co operation of the deputies 0
the departments. We give it willingly, and we Se
Be
t
aside all questions likely to create embarrassments. "'-
assured, gentlemen, that the rights of the Legislative
body are not compromised when they are placed at tb°
service of France. We propose to you, then, to actor
the budgets of war and marine, as they have been re"
sented to us When the moment shall have arrived,
decree of repartition will regulate the employment "•
the sum which you may have voted, and bills will b,
submitted to you to regularise any supplementary an'
extraordinary credits which circumstances may have re°'
dered necessary."

A private letter from Berlin states that it was 011
the receipt of an angry letter from the Emperor o',
Russia, in reply to oue recommending moderation,
that the King of Prussia ordered the last protocol
to be signed. It is further stated, that despatches
have been received from the French Minister et
Vienna, announcing that the explanations given bf
the Austrian Cabinet relative to the treaty con"
eluded between it and Prussia were highly saps-
factory, and that those given by Prussia were,
though not unsatisfactory, less unreserved.
The army of St. Omer will be divided into three
divisions, and will be extended towards the East.
One division will be commanded; as already stated,
by General Baraguay d'Hilliers, another by Gene-
ral Pelissier, and the third by General d'Arbou:
vine. According to information which is believed
to be correct, the following is the manner in which
the troops that are to be concentrated in the
neighbourhood of Marseilles will be distributed.
One division will be cantoned at the Peones, and
another in the commune of St. Victoret, between
the Pas des Lanciers and the railway. These
troops will be about 25,000 in number. It is also
in contemplation to quarter a division in Mar-
seilles or the suburbs, but this has not been defini-
tively decided on. In 1849, at the time of the ex-
pedition to Rome, one brigade was quartered iu the
surrounding hamlets, while another was in the
town itself. Lastly, about 15,000 will be encamped
at St. Maximim, this point being convenient for
sudden embarkation either from Toulon or Mar-
seilles. The localities above-mentioned have been
visited within the last few days by M. Appert,
aide-de-camp.to the Minister of War.
We read in the Courrier de Marseille :

"According to information which we have ever,'
reason to believe to be correct, the following is the
manner in which the troops, that are to be concentrated
in the neighbourhood of Marseilles, will be distributed.
One division will be cantonned at the Pennes, and
another in the commune of St. Victoret, between the
Pas-des-Lanciers and the railway. These troops will be
about 25,000 in number. It is also in contemplation to
quarter a division in Marseilles or the suburbs, but this
has not been definitively decided on. In 1849, at the
time of the expedition to Rome, one brigade was quar-
tered in the surrounding hamlets, whilst another was in
the town itself. Lastly, about 15,000 will be encamped
at St. Maximin, this point being convenient for a sudden
embarkation either from Toulon or Marseilles. The
localities above mentioned have been visited within the
last few days by M. Appert, Aide-de-camp to the
Minister of War."

The Three per Cents. opened yesterday at 68f.
85c., and rose to 69f. 95c., the price at which they
closed for the end of the month ; the Four-and-a-
Half per Cents. closed at 95f. 20c. • and the Nevi
Loan at 69f. ; Orleans Railway Shares, 1,130 f. ;
Rouen, 925 f. ; Havre, 467 f. 50c. ; Great Northern,
827 f. 50c. ; Strasburg, 755 f. • New Shares, 597 f.
50c. ; Paris and Lyons, 9221. 50c. ; Lyons to the
Mediterranean, 790 f. ; Western of France, 645 f. ;
Bordeaux and Cette, 5701. ; Great Central of
France, 487 f. boc. ; Lyons to Geneva, 475 f. ;
Bank of Credit Mobilier, 640 f.