The Sun.
London, England, 1853-10-10 00:00:00

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

The Paris correspondent of the Morning Chro-
nicle, in a letter dated yesterday, published in the
second edition of that journal to day, says
" As the question of peace or war approaches to a
crisis, it is gratifying to find that the attitude
assumed by the French Government becomes more
and more firm. Louis Napoleon and his Ministers
express their firm determination to adhere to the
English alliance, whatever may happen ; and
declare that they are determined to support
Turkey, not only by force of arms, but to the
utmost of their power. Orders have been given
for the concentration of troops, as if it were felt
that a struggle was inevitable. A large body of
troops is to be directed towards Toulon, where
they will be prepared to embark for the East at a
few days' notice. In the event—the probable event
—of its being necessary to dispatch troops, the
intention is form a depot in the Island of Gaudio.,
which will be the head-quarters of both the
French and English troops, and to which stores
and ammunition will be directed. Should this
demonstration not be sufficient, and should the
Turkish capital be threatened, a large body of
troops will be despatched for Constantinople, an d
that place will be occupied by a combined French
and English army. You are already aware that
the French auxiliary army will be much more
numerous than that of England ; and it is under-
stood to have been arranged long since between
the two Governments that the land forces are to
be commanded by a French General, while the
naval forces will be placed under the command of
the English Admiral. The general belief is, not-
withstanding the Jesuitical denial of the Patric,
that General Canrobert is to have the command of
the expedition.
The following is the text of the telegraphic dis-
patch which confirms the declaration of war by
Turkey against Russia :
" VIENNA, Oct. B.—The declaration of war by
the Porte against Russia is formal. The text of it
has reached the Ottoman legation. The following
condition is added to it. ' Nevertheless hostilities
will not be opened excepting in the case that the
Russian troops shall not have evacuated the Prin-
cipalities within the delay determined upon' (four
we 3ks)."
Another telegraphic dispatch says :—" The Sul-
tan had sent off for Beyrouth some frigates laden
with troops."

The public anxiety for news from Constantinople
will soon be gratified. We learn by telegraphic
dispatch from Marseilles, that the Fury steamer,
which left Constantinople on the Ist inst., had
reached that port on the evening of the Bth, and
that an officer with dispatches had started for Lon-
don at eight o'clock yesterday (Sunday) morning.
The nature of the news brought by the Fury had
not transpired.
The foligithig telegtaphio message was received

yesterday (Sunday) at Vienna from Constantinople.
It is dated Oct. I.—" The declaration of war has
not yet been signed, or, if signed, will be kept
back some days. This looks very like a sham."
The Western Powers have rejected the Olmutz
proposition, but more in form than in substance.
A new note is to be projected. The mediation of
Prussia is not thought of.
The Vienna Bourse on Saturday was very ani-
mated. Metalliques, 91 ; Northern; 1172.
We learn by telegraph from Berlin, Oct. 8, that
the King of Prussia, the Czar, the Grand Duke
heir to the throne, and the Prince of Prussia ar-
rived on the previous night (Friday) at Potsdam.
On the 9th the Czar was to leave for St. Peters-
burg, by way of Konigsberg. His journey to Kiew
has been put off.
The Lloyd of Vienna states that a courier was
dispatched on the 28th ult. to Baron de Bruck
with instructions for every eventuality, and even
for the case of war breaking out.
The Wanderer of Vienna states that on the 2d
the Prince of Prussia had a long conference with
the Earl of Westmoreland.
The German Journal of Frankfort has the fol-
lowing from Berlin :—" The journey of the King
to Warsaw is of a purely military character, and
entirely unconnected with politics. He has gone
there to be present with the Emperor of Austria
at the manoeuvres to which the Czar had specially
invited them. Under any 'circumstance the pre-
sence of the King at Warsaw can only exercise a
conciliatory influence. There was no particular
I convention agreed upon at Olmutz between these
Sovereigns, neither will there be one at Warsaw.
Austria has no other interest than to preserve
peace in the East, and Prussia is in accord with
her. Turkey will refuse the offers made by the
refugees in London and Paris to take part iu her
cause ; she is too prudent to run the risk of em-
broiling herself with the great powers."
It is said that four Italian emissaries have been
arrested at Vienna, having about them several im-
portant papers.
A letter from Smyrna of the 23d ult., in the
German Journal of Frankfort, says :—" The Otto-
man Porte has sent orders to the authorities to
raise a body of irregular cavalry. The Christians
avoid with care all that might bring on them the
resentment of the Turks, yet they are constantly
annoyed. The Turks want to provoke a collision,
and go through the villages with banners and flags
displayed, as in the time of the Greek insurrection.
The Christians on these occasions are obliged to
shut their shops until the Turks have passed."
The Wanderer of Vienna, of the 3d, says :
"A letter from Constantinople, of the 24th ult.,
announces that a detachment of mounted Kurds
had arrived there, having offered their services to
the Sultan. In order not to keep up the fanati-
cism of the Mussulman population, the Ottoman
Porte has removed these Kurds from the capital,
and ordered them to Schumla, together with some
Arab troops which had arrived. The cause of the
prompt pacification of the Ulemas has been dis-
covered. The Sheik-ul-Islam declared to them
that the Sublime Porte would never permit the
Czar to interfere with the religious franchises and
privileges of the Greek Church in Turkey, and
that the prescriptions of the Koran would be soon
realised.

The Vienna Lloyd of the sth instant has the
following :

"The Divan of Constantinople is composed of 121
members. All were present, on the 26th, when the
Assembly resolved to advise the Sultan to raise the
standard of the Prophet. The deliberation was not
long, and the resolution was adopted by a majority of
120 votes. The Divan, or State Chancery, comprises
the superior and inferior functionaries, to whom the
Turkish name of Qualemue (of the pen) is applied.
Those functionaries are divided into five categories.
The first are called fericks. The Divan is independent
of the Ministry and of the Council of the Empire, and
its resolutions only become important when they are
sanctioned by the Cabinet and the Imperial Council."
Letters have been received from the America
missionaries at Oroomia, on the Persian frontier,
stating that great military preparations were being
made for the purpose of attacking Turkey in the
event of war being declared • between that Power
and Russia. The Pashas of Van, Boyezed, and
Suleymania are arming the Kurds and other war-
like tribes to oppose the threatened invasion. The
Persian dream is to capture Bagdad and revive
the glories of the Caliphate, a delusion which Rus-
sian agents strive to mould to their own ends.
On the 24th ult. the representatives of France,
Austria, and Prussia, held a conference at Con-
stantinople. It was remarked that the ambassador
of Great Britain was not present. This circum-
stance has led to much conjecture, and is con-
strued as favourable to Turkey.