The Sun.
London, England, 1853-08-01 00:00:00

MAGAZINE DA Y

Blackwood.—lt is 'delightful, we all know, to
hear some Old Salt spinning a yarn allput matters
nautical. Scarceless less delightful is it to listen to
some Old Smoker discoursing about tobacco—
" rare, devilish, and damned tobacco," as it was
once apostrophised by Burton, the Anatomist of
Melancholy. How we should have rejoiced to
hearken to a gossip about the divine weed from the
lips of Sir Francis Drake, its earliest English im-
porter ! How we should have exulted in giving
ear to comments on the virtues of its consumption
from the tongue of Sir Walter Raleigh, one of the
earliest of its British consumers ! A fig for that
abominable " Counterblaste to Tobacco," penned
by his Majesty King James I. of England ! A
straw for Charles Lamb's "Farewell !" Whoever
really enjoys the solace of the inestimable plant,
loves it in spite of the scorn of Elia, and in defi-
ance of the extravagant wrath expressed against it
by the Royal " Dad " of " Baby Charles" and the
" Dog Steenie." Nay--more than this—in spite
of all the abominable adulterations mentioned by
Dr. Jonathan Pereira in his "Elements of Materia
Medica and Therapeutics." According to which
eminent authority it appears that tobacco some-
times undergoes adulteration in the process
of manufacture from the use of the most
motley ingredients, such as molasses, sugar,
honey, rhubarb-leaves, beech-leaves, mosses,
bran, sprouting-malt, beet-root dregs, liquorice,
terra-japonica, rosin, yellow-ochre, fuller's-earth,
sand, saltpetre, common-salt, and sal-ammoniac !
If there be any doubt as to the reality of this hor-
rible kind of wholesale and miscellaneous adultera-
tion, it is only necessary to examine at page 1,427
the aforesaid work, by Pereira, on "Materia Medica
and -Therapeutics." After examining,
which cata-
logue of abominations, we still assert° that the de-
lights of tobacco are still appreciated by its only true
lover—the habitual consumer of the weed, whether
by smoking, by chewing, or by snuffing. We are
led to this reflection by a consideration of the open-
ing paper in the August number of Blackwoool--a
chapter dedicated to a description of " The Nar-
cotics we indulge in." Within the limits of
this interesting contribution are compressed an
abundance of curious particulars in reference
to the Hor and to TOBACCO, but especially,
as will be observed, in reference to tobacco.
It is remarked by the writer that the use
of the plant has become " not less universal
than civilization"—a strange way of expressing the
fact, seeing that the use of it, according to his own
acknowledgment, was originally traceable to the
savage races in the, ages of barbarism. The man-
ner in which it is employed now, as he intimates
in another part, is scarcely less various than the
varieties of its flavour in its natural state, and
after being duly manufactured. Many of the
readers of Maga will be interested, we doubt not,
in scanning the different morsels of information
relating to tobacco here given for their instruction,
and to some of them at least, we may add, for
their delectation. It is startlinc, to learn, for ex-
ample, that the total produce of tobacco grown on
the face of the globe annually amounts to the
enormous sum of-2,000,000 of tons ! "So that,"
says the writer in Ebony, " the tobacco yearly
raised for the gratification of this one form of the
narcotic appetite weighs as much as the wheat
consumed by ten millions of Englishmen ! He
having already remarked thzit " the wheat con-
sumed by the inhabitants of Great Britain (estima-
ting it-at a quarter a head, or in round numbers at
20,000,000 of quarters) weighs only 4,330,000
tons," or thereabouts. As comprising little clusters
of elementary information on the subject, the fol-
lowing paragraphs may be found sufficiently inter-
esting for quotation :
" For the smoker and chewer it is prepared in various
forms, and sold under different names. The dried
leaves, coarsely broken, are sold as canaster or knaster.
When moistened, compressed, and cut into fine threads,
they form cut or shag tobacco. Moistened with mo-
lasses or with syrup, and pressed into cakes, they are
called cavendish and negrohead, and are used indiffe-
rently either for chewing or smoking. Moistened in the
same way, and beaten until they are soft, and then
twisted into a thick string, they form the pigtail or
twist of the chewer. Cigars are formed of the dried
leaves, deprived of their midribs, and rolled up into a
short spindle. When cut straight, or truncated at each
end, as is the custom at Manilla, they are distinguished
as cheroots.
" For the snuff-taker, the dried leaves are sprinkled
with water, laid heaps, are allowed to ferment. They
are then dried again, reduced to powder, and baked or
roasted, The dry snuffs, like the Scotch and Irish, are
usually prepared from the midribs—the rappees, or
moist snuffs, from the soft part of the leaves. The
latter are also variously scented, to suit the taste of the
customer."

Considering that the chemical ingredients of to-
bacco are some of them so deleterious, and even
poisonous, it must be allowed, by even the most
inveterate consumer, that it is remarkable the
Use of the weed should be, in fact, as harm-
less as it is enjoyable. Those chemical ingre-
dients, 'or active substances are—first, a volatile oil ;
secondly, a volatile alkali, so subtle a poison that it is
declared to be scarcely inferior to prussic acid ; and
thirdly, an empyreumatic oil, not ready formed in
the natural leaf, but "produced along with other
substances during the burning"—this latter sub-
stance being, according to conjecture, the " juice
of cursed hebenon," mentioned in Hamlet, by
Shakspere—an acrid narcotic, "so poisonous that
a single drop on the tongue of a cat, causes imme-
diate convulsions, and in two minutes death !"
Yet, notwithstanding this volatile oil, and this
volatile alkali, and this empyreumatic oil, it is
declared—hear it shade of Burton ! hear it ghost
of James Stuart ! hear it spiritual-entity of
Lamb !—it is declared by Dr. Christison,
of Edinburgh that " no well-ascertained ill effects
have been shown to result from the habitual practice
of smoking." Beyond which the contribution to
Maga remarks—" the practice of smoking is in
itself, we believe, neither a moral nor a social evil ;
it is merely the gratification of a natural and uni-
versal, as it is an innocent instinct." And so close
we our reference to this pleasant chapter on Nar-
cotics, with thanks to the writer of it, and a beni-
son to Dr. Christison of Edinburgh. Three attrac-
tive reviews follow the opening paper. One
suggested by MM. Weddell and Pavie, intro-
ducing us to certain particulars of " South Ame-
rican Travel and Adventure." Another, elicited
by the recent labours of Mr. Forsyth, brings
under notice simultaneously " Napoleon and
Sir Hudson Lowe"—Jupiter and a satyr—the
most illustrious and the most despicable of men—
the Alpha and the Omega of the last historic gene-
ration. Another of the criticisms in, this month's
Blackwood groups together a variety of amusing
illustrations of what are now, like Falstaff's reasons,
as plentiful as' blackberries, "New Readings of
Shakspere." A clever epitome is next given of most
of the facts yet known among Europeans in refer-
ence to " The Insurrection in China." Beyond all
which, there is a last instalment of " Lady
Lee's Widowhood," and a political article on
"France in 1853," suggested by the brochure, so
entitled, from the pen of the Marquis de Larpche•
jaquelein.

Fraser.—Several of the articles in the August
number of Fraser will wile away an otherwise
tedious hour satisfactorily, because fraught at once
with instruction and amusement. Perhaps the
most conspicuous portion of the magazine before us
is that which is devoted to a 'criticism on Forsyth's
History of the " Captivity of Napoleon at St.
Helena," compiled from the letters and journals of
the late Lieut.-General Sir Hudson Lowe. But in
this it is with Regina as with most of her periodi-
cal contemporaries. Naturally enough, and as
might be expected, the reviewer in Fraser adopts
the old Tory notion of right and wrong as regards
that most disgraceful chapter in the History of Mo-
dern Christendom. According to him—as according
to the majority of the good folk bred up in the preju-
dices of the last generation—SirHudson Lowe acted
from first to last in a mariner the most exemplary.
According to him, Lord Bathurst's colonial admin-
istration revealed throughout a policy worthy of
being regarded as the guide of every future Go-
vernment. Dr. O'Meara of course comes in for a
copious discharge of vituperation. Las Ceasas
truth.
asas is
spoken of as a despicable perverter of h
Gourgaud is mentioned only in termst the most
contemptuous. It is the old, old
hatreds, the
story—the story
fraught with the most miserable
most paltry prevarications, and
the most piti-
able_ absence of magnanimity.n Turn we from
mind fraught with
a subject always to our
poignant remorse to every right-thinking and
turn we from that
brought
ugtalet
too,.
unprejudiced Englishman
and tender r painful themo to the
swiseetthismonth
" Bertha's Love," which _
is
too speedy a conclusion... written
delicacy of
with truly exquisite sentiment, re-
counting an old sorrow enough,
that of unrequitted
love, but doing so in a manner rendered new
by its alluring tenderness. It reveals the freshness
of youthful energy from which we may hope to
welcome many more extended and elaborated
achievements. Fraser, this month, also is adorned
by a brief but graceful memoir of the once popular,
but now almost forgotten bass singer of the English
school, the noblest of all the interpreters of the
genius of Purcell—James Bartleman. A second
paper is given upon the resources of " The Navy of
France," and, as the leading review of the month,
we have a criticism on Burton's " History of Scot-
land " from 1689 to 1748, in other words, from the
Revolution to the extinction of the last Jacobite
AM .eentleman's Magazine and Historical Re-
insurrection. Among the miscellaneous contribu- ! .
—There a account of Ma-
tions not already mentioned, we observe a poetical view.—There is very Interesting
fragment of some merit from the well known
hand dame de Longueville in this periodical, which gives
of RI Hi acorae-weAtitled " Nero ; a ,Picture," and , a full des of the mimeo and customs of
, ..

The account of the war in China, and other
periodical papers, are to be found, as usual, toge-
ther with monthly military and naval intelligence.

Ainsworth.—Ainsworth commences, as usual,
with " Nicholas Flamel," by the author of " The
Confederates." " The Queen's Letter, an Episode
of the French Revolution," of which the unfor-
tunate Marie Antoinette is the heroine, is con-
tinued. There is the usual amount of tales and
sketches,thisn uomfbweihitchhe
peoplethebestll " Queer People."
are " all right"
In
are introduced, and the author justly condemns
them as the people who are usually "all wrong."
Who does not know the annoyance occasioned, in
moments of perplexity, by people who do nothing
to remove difficulties, but silence all inquiries by
the assertion of " All right." " Almost a Ghost
Story" will amuse the lovers of the marvellous.
T 1 -

andd 1
her time. She was exceedingly beautiful, ,
manners were elegant. She at first wished tio,, a
a convent, but was induced to try the ow r t.xri .
soon became one of its most distinguished v° t t 6
She was forced into a distasteful marriage ato,
age of 23, and from that untoward circuolsed
may be dated her ruin. It was not to be esPood
her were so adverse to
that she would control her fancies, when anal' It,
was then the rule of the French court, i to co.
and to be pleased, to love and to be loved, tljtjto)o
sue what passion prompted, to enjoy whatAc so 0
principle and proprietY,',)
allowed." She retired into a convent, 30" dif f e
last her early dreams were realised, but verl or
rent from the fair and virtuous maiden I"°l.'etiP
posed such a plan, was the worn out 'poi'
of vice and dissipation, who sought in SF lo
tence and austerities to expiate her Sing;ho
the review of the lifo of Haydon, , i tho
has recently appeared, it is observed t,taio'
editor has not done justice to that distingtuba to.
dividual. His character is not done ja"chf
" Haydon wanted a Giorgio Vasari to has'eatlil
nicled his history. How would this 1,,vi00
biographer have. understood the high asPc7lls!'
of Haydon, his devotedness, energy, and ger,ctet
In the course of these remarks some very eha—wid
istic anecdotes are given of the painter, in 0,4
his peculiarities are displayed. It is a curioustets
that, out of one hundred and ninety-five Paio
no less than ninety-one met with violent (leiter
There are several other subjects worthY ef.,„3eo
tion in this month's number—" The State -',3i-ty
of Henry the Eighth," ~The Prospero °' hie
Tempest," &c. In the obituary some biegrOroot
of distinguished characters are given, which 3
interest to many.

WRECK OF TEIE ARGYLE, AND LOSS Of
FIFTEEN LIVES.

,J
The barque Argyle, Captain Young master, %stell
greater part of the crew, have been lost off the ne etec
shore of Newfoundland while on a passage to `t,llo,tber'
She sprang a leak on the 19th May, in terrible wi",
and' he exertions of the crew of 19 men to re'11,,,.:104
water by pumping were thrown away. Recourse "„chigi
to the boats, but jolly-boat went adrift in 15% CO
Having obtained as much provisions and water
be got at, the order was given for all hands te„7o pNri
the long boat. They numbered in alll7—
eco:,
sengers (two of them females), first and sie"
mates, eleven seamen, and the master. All hes
readiness, the boat was pushed off amid a 110,3'il01,;
which every moment threatened to engull)he
.olor
Within al hour after their leaving they sass' `l,-e,
go down head foremost. They kept the boat "t
wind the whole of that night and part of the ne5,406
when they hoisted sail and made for a westerly "dog.
On the third day their situation became 31%1144
The water and provisions were exhausted ; the "cioo°
did all he possibly could to cheer the men ou, °lOO
and all laboured to make way by pulling at thielowicg
&c. The next day, however,, passed, and fel'oith;
night, with the succeeding eight days and night'','„eo!(
out sail appearing in sight. During that long sriwou'
time many miserably perished. On the sixth (-13)0',lit;
the crew died from want. On the seventh, ';'clie"
Young lost his two mates ; the male hands het
also on that day. The eighth, several hands eetteit
delirious from drinking sea water to quenchfoite
thirst, contrary to the earnest appeals of the "00
sot to touch it. One seaman, whilst in this for
leaped overboard and was drowned. The feol3le,tior
sengers possessed extrordinary constitutions, 'ofot
wise they must have quickly sunk under their `loth
privations. A heavy sea was continually running'
strong westerly gales ; and it was as much as three tot
could do by baling out the water to keep threfighi'
afloat. On the evening of the ninth day their ,briP
ful situation was at length discovered by a Frev,e',vtiit'
called the Harmony, belonging to St. Malo, 17/1(11;
Preville, who, observing at a distance the helplelnlete',
tion of the boat, bore down to its assistance and
up the wretched people in lat. 50, long. 32 W• 43er,
0
condition when hauled on board was truly awful-,1",„01
sensible and in a dying state. The master of the 3' glilr
placed every comfort he possessed at their disposal, '11,44
ing every possible remedy to resuscitate those wh°se hot
were in danger. Two, however, never rallied', it,
shortly expired. Captain Preville lost no ti4,llor
making for Quirpon, a small port on the coast e's fed
foundland, which they succeeded in gaining irt,i,-KePJ
days. By the last•accounts it appears that the se, of
were fast recovering. They had been taken on u:',;QrlB;
the government cruiser Chares, to be conveyed to P
bec. In all, the number who perished amounted
to be
persons. The owners of the Argyle are reported
insured.

r
DEPARTURE OF THE AMERICAN MAILS.—.uI.-
cE1056
SATURDAY.—This afternoon, about three o'elecsDiP
British and North American Royal mail ste3, „jar
Africa, Captain Harrison, sailed from the 31e,,r`;ate's
New York, with the usual mails for the United era,
and British possessions in North America, 75 passeise 013
and a large and valuable cargo of merchandif,len"
freight. Her mails were carried out in charge of
J. Grant Raymond, R.N., Admiralty agent. siter;
PRESERVATION OF HAMPSTEAD-HEATH.— ,try
of
day, at a numerously attended meeting of the
St. Marylebone, held at the Court-house, the ,f()l,f,„
stead-health Enclosure Bill
report from the committee appointed as to tRe „OP'
netted with the preservation of Hampstead-hea,tloo3!
Row, Kirby,
public, was read:—" St. Marylebone, July 29, lv,,'"elitl4
our
At the committee appointed-the Hampstead' on r 5.
and on other mattrotlo
Enclosure Bill—present, tMr. George in the chair,
committee report that they have considered the 1 b 1
Bingley, Bridgman, and Ilarlowe---iOAI
referred to them for extending Primrose-hill-0o of
purchasing the Chalcot estate, brought to the note And
the vestry by Messrs. Twentyman and Latter34o
also a project, introduced by the inhabitants of Pviotil
stead, for purchasing a belt of land of sufficient -ose
for a road and spacious avenue of trees, for the Ptlre4
of forming a communication between the ground a 1
iotor
belonging to the public at Primrose-hill and wsrs•
stead-heath. Your committee, with reference to hos°.
Twentyman and Latters' proposal, consider that,
~rOO
ever desirable in itself the having so extensive a P.jce to
close proximity to this parish, it would not be i11'00303,
other localities requiring such conveniences to pro
that project ; but that with respect to the other Pruite",,,sor
by the inhabitants of Hampstead designed by Fret rilfr
Cockerell, it would effect, in their opinion, a great
lie improvement, and would be the means of °
Hampstead-heath more accessablo to the inhabit° or
this and other parishes, and as the project may b,
b; tbe
ried out at very inconsiderable expense, it will „
duty of the vestry, in the opinion of your cominit;e;be'
urge upon the Government the propriety of the ftietry'
ing immediately carried out, and recommend the 0!1,
to appoint a deputation to the respective Ministe
the subject. (Signed) CLEMENT GEORGE, Chairj%
The report was adopted unanimously. The chairslv to
the committee stated that it was proposed to aPP'
Government for funds to make the road.
Corn.
INCOME TAX.--CLAIMS OF EXEMPTION.--The re'
missioners of Inland Revenue having established 3, re'
gulation limiting the period for receiving claims for sof
payment of income tax, on the ground of the incomes
parties being less than 1501. a year, it is iniportant„ioo
it should be known that persons desiring to prefer Toot
of exemption, with a view to obtain a return elv ~ril)
duty for either of the two years ended the sth of
1852, and the sth of April, 1853, must dellver,,bio'
claims to the surveyors of taxes for the districts/0;0cl'
they respectively reside on or before the 10th o', f. 153
next, otherwise they will not be admitted. It '''est3'
necessary that those persons who have already a to
blished their claims to exemption for past years, 3rjr, in'
whom letters were sent by the special commissioner
strutting them as to the mode in which future
claims should be made, should also prefer any
ic 100
Which they may now have on or before the 534%100'
of Oct. next, in the forms so already supplied to
wit
and to be forwarded to the said commissionern,at,idon'
office, No. 3, Somerset-place, Somerset-house,
milt' diir
.THE WELSH IRON AND COAL STRIKES.---1-Pd ertr,
putes which have arisen between the employers aT,' and
ployed at the Llynfi works have now been settle le has
forges and mills are in full operation. The disPfe
been a most protracted one, but the conduct of iLle.„oo
has been most exemplary. At the Maesteg iron "62,. in
an advance of ls. has again taken place, making 'Ol
Do the pound since March last. The workmen of
.'„-:teAti
;
have also had an advance granted to them, and t;-„,s in
of the men being paid their hard-gained earri—p'elve
beer-shops as heretofore, for the future they will re; the
their money in some more suitable place, sueh,iliet
schoolroom, or other large room. The men pea'
thus so easily be thrown into temptation. The,,ed to,
darren colliers having had their demands accede tbe
have resumed their work, but a strike is expectealiron
other departments. The colliers at the Plymouth ,hove
Company have struck, in consequence of the woo
advance being granted at Penydarren, but an aln
settlement is expected.
laresrol4
COLLISION ON THE LONDON AND NORTII— noir
RAILWAY.—An accident of an alarming character - Dear
red on the London and North-Western Rails"L'oreo,,s
the Weedon station, on Friday night. The/ '0"oe"
train, due at Euston-square at 25 minutes past l'eded on
p.m., left the north at the usual hour, and pro
ant
its journey towards London without meetino' w" when
suddenly the engine-driver espied a luggage
obstruction until it had arrived near Weed, ad-
trani bie pita
vance of him, but at too short a distance to e a_vent
to stop the express train in sufficient time to u
press
po.
collison, and the consequence was that the ex,r_rhed
senger train ran into the luggage train, dem severs'.
or three of the luggage vans, and severely shook
eves
of the passengers. The broken vans were scattered. Jule was
the to
the metals, and all traffic on that portion of the
for a time suspended. A number of men being
leg the
the spot, went to work, and succeeded 1
in clearing
untilline of all obstruction, but the train, which one 4.3
reached London at 11.25 p.m., did not arrive no
bean
a.m. on Saturday morning.
—lt has .
STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. ehairrn,';
resolved that excet when Mr. Speaker, or the
strangers rect, his order for the withdrawal of stranger a
to strana7,...., a
ly
of a committee oft he whole bouse shall othser:vurisinegd:,
division shall be understood to apply
eying seats below the bar and in the front gallery,
0 .kb.
shall be enforced by the Sergeant-at-Arms a d to wi't
sand 6
draw, the clerk shall turn a two-minute 7, theinutes,
door:
That so soon as strangers have been directed
be kept on the table for that purpose, t.. 1 winuteli
shall not be closed until after the lapse oft
doors le
as indicated by such sand lass. That
ix:Lutes° 10
be closed as soon after thetapse of two 1u0„,,,
Speaker or the chairman of a committee I
1391150 13114il think proper to direct.

pLr
tLs.—LrcE
the
hree o'clee;sbir
mail stew-; for
a the gers;tates
the United gers,
ca, 75 Pale; onmerchan
f
1 charge - o
agent. slier;
o:estri
of
of the; liasviP
;e, the 1°
as to the cofr
;her mattrto tho
tead-heath`o3,"
July 29, Iv,iotil
lampstead, ors.
,he chair, 3'"e
nr
Hari° we-01
!red the Pre! bf
'ose-bill-paro of
b to the not' and
id Lattero„,
Atants of P).jael
sufficient !ago
, for the Pell;(1),
3 ground ft.,,lcera•
dill and Pts
rence to 31ei;or
cider that, rj,,io
;ensive a Pee to
not be illst4,oo
noes to Pro ,o 1
e other Presor
led by Pr°,',llfr
a grea' Liog
:ans of o'ts of
e inhabit 3D
ject may be the
it will be to
r coraniititee'be'
r of the p.13-n
try
lend the °es
re IV.Tinisters,,,
3E, Chairl97of
-
'he chairof to
ised to aPPY

TS'NsriSTs ,
,ranter '-veAr
tailv,33clpress
The e pcic
Ist Iplecle'ed old
)roe-- aru
ng Withwheo
eocloo,.
h
train in I 0
enabie
o express
rACg r
iolished
look sever:r
attars ov
as
the hv0 f
tO
see' .
Clebaring type
„Jilt to l'aso
e until 4.

been
It bas
Le elairrna.
herwise
during dur
Ts _a.
ngers °curia
.allerY, °A
ceorclirigiy•
3d to wittho'
.
d glass, r-s
the cl°°,
o in' Lanutil
loors so
rtes as .
the wil°