The Sun.
London, England, 1854-06-05 00:00:00

P r T ) 14' ; ." \ 7 '
THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING; JITII‘rE--_-5:-

.;1 Ait r_CE -NE ',V,77•1--(T LLCS

CORN .EXCHANGE

- - -
Most of tha country =Ants held on Saturday were very
moderately supplied with wheat; nevertheless, the de-
mand for all kinds ruled heavy, and the quotations had a
downward tendency. Spring corn, the supplies of which
were comparatively small, moved off slowly, and prices
were with difficulty supported. In flour very little was
doing. The continental markets have been dull for most
articles of grain, yet shipments to England continue on a
fair average scale. The supplies of wheat and flour in the
United States were good at the date of our last advices.
The arrivals of English grain in the port of London last
week were very moderate. From abroad we received
30,274 qrs of wheat, 5,060 barley, 34,426 oats, 1,047 beans,
290 peas, 203 tares, 15,263 linseed, 1,758 rapeseed, 2,875
sacks and 4,1.27 brls of flour.
The quantity of wheat received up to our market, to.
day, coastwise from Essex and Kent, was only limited,
but in good saleable condition:. From other quarters the
arrivals were trifling. Notwithstanding that the chew of
samples was small, the demand for all kinds, arising, in
some measure, from the small number of buyers in attend.
ance, but chiefly from the large imports of foreign grain,
was in a very depressed state. So little business was
transacted, that the quotations were almost nominal. The
few sales concluded were riiostly at a decline in the prices
of Monday last of I,s. per quarter.
The show of foreign wheat was large, chiefly from the
Lower Baltic ports. Very fine parcels were mostly held
at full prices, but sales progressed heavily. Several damp
parcels moveli off slowly, and the quotations had a down-
ward tender*.
Since Monday last, 25 vessels, laden with gria, have
arrived off the coast from the westward. To-day, there
was scarcely any inquiry. for floating cargoes.
BARLEY—The supply of which was moderate—was very
dull, at barely late rates.
The malt trade was excsedingly heavy, at late rates.
We were heavily supplied with oats, in which very little
was doing, at a decline in the prices of Monday last of from
6d to is per quarter.
The sale for beans was heavy, on former terms.
In peas next to nothing was doing.
The flour trade was heavy, and American parcels were
easier to' purchase.

CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE.

Wheat—Essex Sz Kent.
Red .• .. new 734 to 853
Ditto.. • • ........ old 77s 893
ditto, White new 77s 88s ,
Ditt0........ old 80s 9gs
Norfolk and Lin-
coln, Red, old 73s . 84s
Ditto new • • •• 74s 114 s
Bre—Old . • 518 52s
New . • ...... •. 503 51s
Bit-ley—Grinding ..• .. 34s 403
Malting . • • • • .... —s —s
Chevalier •• .• • .. —3 —s
alt —Suffolk and Nor-
. folk • • • • • • • • •• •• 668 71s
Brown .. • ........ 603 628
ILirurston and Ware 73s -75 s

Malt—Chevalier .. • . 75s to 76
Oats Yorkshire and
Lincolnsk., Feed 29s 33s
Potato 3ls 35.
Youghal and Cork
81ack....... 29s 32'

Cork, White ..... 28s 348
Scotch, Feed. •• .. 333 358
t3eans—Tick ......... 45s 543

Pigeons .....••••• 49 66,
FORS—Grey ..•• •• •• •• 44s 48s
Maple. •• •• 48s 53s
White......... 56s 62$
Boilers ..• •• 56s 60s
riour—Towu-made. •. 66s 70s
• Suffolk .......... 58s 62.
Btoektn & Norfolk 583 64s

SMITHFIELD.

Last week's imports of foreign stock into London amounted
to 3,657 head. In the corresponding week in 1853 we re-
ceived 3,698 ; in 1852, 3,775 ; in 1851, 2,914 ; in 1850,
2,490 ; in 1849, 2,405 ; in 1848, 3,788 ; and in 1847, 3,554
head.

IMPORTS INTO LONDON LAST WEER.
From Beasts. Sheep. Lambs.
Hamburgh„ 10 ... 469 ...
Rotterdam 260 ... 942 115 ... 280
Harlingen .......166 ... 865 4 ... 77 ...
Antwerp
Dordt .. 17 ... 65 - 25
Bromvershven
Amsterdam .... 12 81
Calais — ... 13 ...
Ostend

Calves. Pigs.

Total, ...

465 -. 2,344 _. 195 -. 653 ...

The yearly comparison of weekly imports is as under :
Beasts. Sheep. Lambs. Calves. Pigs.
1853 486 ... 2,450 20 601 71
1852 613 ... 2,368 215 451 28
1851 3Ol ... -2,162 19 250 212
1850 299 ... 1,673 ... 78 440 ...
[849 309 ... 1,695 39 362
The show of foreign stock in to-day's market was tolera-
My good. A steamer has arrived this morning from Spain,
with 250 oxen on board, in fair average condition.
There was a decided increase in the arrivals of beasts
fresh up from our own grazing districts, and we noticed a
decided improvement in their general weight and quality.
For all breeds we experienced a slow sale, at a decline in
the prices obtained on Monday last of 2d per 81bs, and a
total clearance was with difficulty effected. A few very
superior Scots realised 5s 2d per 81bs.
The arrivals from Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and Cam-
bridgeshire amounted to 2,250 Scots and short-horns ' • from
other parts of England, 500 of various breeds ; and from
Scotland, 450 horned and,polled Scots.
We were tolerably well, but not to say heavily, supplied
with most breeds of sheep. On the whole the mutton
trade, and last week's quotations were well supported.
The best old Downs realised fully 5s per 81bs.
Lambs, the supply of which was good, moved off slowly,
at 6d per 81bs. beneath last Monday's currency. The top
quotation was 63 per 81bs.
The supply of calves was extensive. A fair average
business was transacted in them, at Friday decline in
price. The highest figure was 5s 4d per Blbs.
For pigs we had a slow sale, on former terms.

• Per Sibs to sink the offals.
s. d.. s. d. , s. d. s. d.
Inferior Beasts.... 3 6to 3 8 Prime Southdown 4 8 5 0
Second quality.... 3 10 4 2 Large crse. calves 4 2 ,4 10
Prime large oxen 4 4 4 6 Prime 'small.do... 5 0 5 4
Prime Scots, &c. 410 5 OlLarge hogs 30 4 2
Inferior Sheep ...3 6 3 8 Small porkers 4 4 4 8
Second quality ...3 10 4 2,Sucklingcalves ..22 0 29 0
Prime crse.-wlled.4 4 4 61Quarter old pigs 21 0 27 0
Lambs 4s 10d to 6s Od.

TOTAL SUPPLY.

FOREIGN SUPPLY.

Beasts .................. 4,149
Sheep .•• . ..............21,590
Calves 317

Beasts..... •• . ........ . 764
Sheets ..•• •• •••.•• 1,540
Calves.. .•• • .......... •• 254

Pigs .. ............ •... 310

Pigs- • • • • - • • ' • • • • • • ...

A statement and comparison of the supplies and prices of fat
stock exhibited and sold in Smithfield Cattle Market, on
Monday, June 6, 1853, and 'this day, Monday, Juno 5,
1854. Per Sibs, to sink the otfals.
June 6, 1853. (June 5, 1854
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d
3 2to 3 43 6to 3 8
3 6 3 8310 4 2
.3 10 4 2,4 4 4 S
4 4 4 6110 5 0
3 2 3 6 3 6 3 S
. ... 3 8 3103 10 4 2
, 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 6
4 6 4 84 8 5 0
410 6 414 10 6 0
4 0 4 614 2 410
4 8 5 0,5 0 5 4
34 3 813 0 42
- • All •

Coarse and inferior beasts ...
Second quality ditto ...
Mine large oxen •
Prime Scots, &c
Coarse and inferior sheer
Second quality ditto ... -
Prime coarse woolled ditto
Prime Southdown ditto
Largo coarse calves ... .•• •..
Prinie Small ditto ... •..
Large hogs ... ••• •••

310 4 414 4 4 8
4,009 4,149
... 24,000 24,590
335 317
••• ••• 255 310
Symms ex SALE, June 7, 1852.—Beasts, 4,375 ; sheep
and lambs, 28,570 ; calves, 319 ; pigs, 310.
Juno 9,.lBsl.—Beasts, 3,832 ; sheep and lambs, 28,890 ;
calves, 257 ; pigs, 139.

Neat small porkers
Beasts...
Sheep
Oa
Pigs

LITERATURE.

The Three Days of Wensleydale. By W. G. M.
Jones Barker. Chailes Dolman.

Everybody knows Gilbert White's History of
Selborne, as almost everybody nowadays knows
the charming volumes upon natural history penned
by Broderip and Waterton. Well—here is a grace-
ful work of a similar character. Mr. Jones Barker
has done for the Valley of the Yore what the Rev.
Gilbert White did for . the village .of .Selborne.
The latter .has immortalised that previously ob-
scure little nook of Hampshire—his birth place and
his death place. The former has celebrated the
varied charms of Wensleydale, the home of his
youth, the haunt of ,his manhood, celebrated the
wonders of its vegetable and animal life, 'its fauna
and its )(Lora, its heroic memories and historical as-
sociations. - Several years ago, as we learn from his
graceful " Prologue, ' the author announced his
intention of writing a more elaborate work than
the' one here issued from the press, a production
andundertakingAntiquities
comprehensive
of
tfow eislsupplysurvey_
y . theael ey vurd. o worldthew,i,thHisry andatdoetailed
The design has been
hitherto delayed in execution. It has not, how-
ever, been abandoned. Th 6 volume now submitted
to our consideration is intended as a foretaste of
the antiquarian feast which may yet be anticipated.'
And assuredly, from the merits of these prelimi-
nary or inaugurative chapters, descriptive of three
memorable days in the history of Wensleydale, we
may be peimitted to hope that, before long, the
intention of Mr. Barker, at once a dreamer and an
observer, may be carried out to its complete realisa-
tion. Although these chapters are especially
addressed to the inhabitants of that part of York-
shire, they possess an interest appealing indiscri-
minately to the hearts of all Englishmen. For,
secluded as the Valley of the Yore is, that beauti-
ful valley called variously Torrevalle Or Yorvale,
or Wensleydale, situated in 'the 'wapentake of
Hang West, in Richmondshire, North York—
it has become so associated with memor-
able events and illustrious personages, that it
has long since risen -to the dignity of ..an,
historical. locality. It has produced not only many
distinguished knights, and barons, and earls, and
abbots—not only two chief justices, and three lord
chancellors, and five bishops, and four archbishops
—one of these a eardinal—Lbut a Prince of Wales
also, and a Queen of England. It has been at dif-
ferent times the residence of the renowned Earls of
Brittany, and Carlisle, and Richmond, and• Salis-
bury. It witnessed some of the revels indulged in
by the Court of Ki ng Edward IV. ,the most effeminate
and yet the most 'heroic of our royal voluptuaries.
1t was the favourite abode- of King Richard
beloved by him as the home of Anne Neville, and
as the scene of his early love passages when ake
of Gloucester.. It received among its inmates, Mary
Queen of Scots, becoming invested with some of
those pathetic recollections supplied by the annals
of her long captivity. There, above all, in the
green covert of Wensleydale is that famous home
of the Marquis of Montague and of his more illus-
trious brother Earl Warwick the King-maker, that
glorious domain of Middleham, to the memory of
which we turn not without supreme emotion, whe-
ther as reverent listeners to the annalist, or as
enthralled readers of the • romancist—whether as
seen through the dramatic and pictorial narrative
of Lytton or through the stately and authoritative
eloquence of Lingard. Plentifully sprinkled among
the letterpress are graphic woodcuts here of Low
Fors as a vignette, now of Hardrow Scaur as a
frontispiece—now of the Font in St. Oswald's, now
of the Saxon-cross in Hauxwell Churchyard—and
besides other scenes and . structures, Middleham
Castle and Deanery Jorevalle Abbey, Aygorth
Force, and Lake Semerwater. Hitherto the anti-
quary interested in Wensleydale has been enabled
to gratify his curiosity in its regard only by turn-
ing to such illustrative volumes as Alien's
" history of the County of York," as Athill's
"Middleham," as Burke's "Historic Scenes,"
or as Whittaker's "Richmondshire" --the last-
mentioned work, for example, a costly folio
published originally at 241. ! A more accessi-
ble, a more popular, and a more readable, and, let
us add, an equally if not more reliable account of
the history and antiquities of the memorable and
beautiful valley of the Yore, has been here furnished
to the general reader by the laborious and scholarly
writer of " The Three Days of Wensleydale."
Chapter the first, the ."Catholic Day"—chapter
the second, the " Day of Change"—chapter the
third, the " Present Day"—followed by a " List
of Birds," by "Extracts," b the "Sanctuary Roll,"
and by an " Appendix." The " Prologue" already '
mentioned, being balanced as it were by " L'Envoi"
—tenderly regretful at the close even for a while
of a favourite study and a cherished: investigation.
Grateful for the charming record here given of one
of the most renowned, thopgh one of the most
secluded dales of merry England, close we the
volume penned by W. G. M. .T. Barker, not with-
out a repetition of the hope already avowed that
his industry may ultimately give to the world a
more elaborate work, descriptive of the annals and
antiquities of his beloved Wensleydale.

The Friends ; and other Poems. By Warwick
Beachwood. Longman and Co.
Although we learn from a foot-note to one of the
minor poems introduced into this graceful little
volume, that the, writer contributed as far back as
the 10th of April, 1835, to the Times newspaper—
from which circumstance we are inevitably led to
infer (twenty years having elapsed since then, or
very nearly) that Warwick Beechwood is no longer
a. stripling—we cannot discover anywhere in the
pages of our author the marks of careful emenda-
tion, of scrupulous deliberation, of cautious and
punctilious premeditation. Here and there he
seems to have " rushed into print"—although, as
We have said, evidently (from the date mentioned
at page 225 in the foot-note just now particularised)
no mere boy-adventurer. ' Several of the fugitive
pieces, indeed, appear to have been dashed off " at
a heat"—harutn-scarum, gay, even boisterous.
" A Farewell at Flitting," par example—what can
be less studied or more careless in diction, in
rhythm, or in general character ?—Listen.:
" Garden ! greenhouse ! cottage dear !
Where we once when young and rough
Laughing, squalling, full of fear,
Breaking windows far and near,
Rolled about in blind-man's but"
Or again, in the same half-pensive, half-bantering
extravaganza—

"Dining-room, alas! alas!
Other hungry human creatures
Now will eye the savoury mass,
Clear the plate and empt the glass,—
"
Strangers there with unknown features.,
" Enapt," by the way, occurs more than once as
among the author's favourite abbreviations—ex-
pressive, but scarcely euphonious. E. gr., its re-
petition in that stanza of "An Epitaph, No. IL"—
" None could quicker empt a glass,
Aid a friend or foeman throttle,
None could better woo a lass,
Break a heart or crack a bottle,
Than thirsty Charlay."
Mr. Warwick Beechwood has displayed in his
chequered verses no inconsiderable versatility.
His themes are curiously diversified, and his style
is adapted to them well and, this not unfrequently.
Among his "Ballads and Lyrics" we have " Rosa-
lie" and " Sir Tristram," ,4 The. Fairy Isle," and
" The Crusader's Farewell." lii one the "
crimson" of the lip of Margaret is celebrated. gay
another the writer quaintlY commemorates the
genius and waywardness of jean Jacques Rousseau.
" An Objurgatory Address -to, the; City of London"
oddly contrasts in the,' same .coilection the erotic
tenderness here of a S.lrenaae.and there of a Va-
lentine. The most lengthy and in some respects
the most finished and.imeritorious pieces- iu the
volume are " The Friends" and " The Lady Ade-
line"—the former of which has given the book its
designation. As a somewhat daring introduction
nowadays to the earlier of the two parts into which
the poem of " The Friends" is divided, the reader
will be startled by an apostrophe to the genius of
Poetry, or rather by a direct Invocation, not ad-
dressed to all the Muses at once, after the compre-
hensive fashion of Pope--.,'
"Descend ye Nine l"

but beginning—
" Com'e, gentle breath of Yoesy divine !"
How Lord Byron opens one of his cantoes o
" Don Juan" with a slovenly or rather rollicking
" Hail Muse, et cetera!"

the readers of that wonderful production will
hardly require to be- reminded. The allusion
to the blithe profanity, however, will be suf-
ficient of itself to indicate • somewhat plainly
how entirely tho age lips gone by fOr poetical exor-
diums in the way of invocation. By the whole
scheme of the minor poein already mentioned as
the ballad of " Rosalie," the visitors to the Royal
Academy Exhibition for the present season will be
at once reminded of Mr. Henry Holman Hunt's
singular picture of "The Awakened Conscience."
The moral of both poem and painting is not merely
similar, but identical. At the close of the fourth
and concluding part of The Lady Adeline" occurs
one of the most vigorous and impassioned lines in
the volume. It is where the Friar.' pronouncing
judgment on the fate of the old Knight so strangely
" departed," speaks, of the lapse of time, or rather
of eternity :
_

" Till Purgatory's pang,3 shall at last make thee whole,
And burn out the blood marks that' redden thy soul."
Immediately prior to the "Notes" appended to the
volume occurs " A War Hymn : 1851," preceded by
eleven " Sonnets," five of them politicll (referring
to Peel and O'Connell), and the rest upon subjects
as suggestive as " Waiting Dreams, "The
Beauty of Age," or " Sorrow and Consolation."

1854.

Considerable promise of better titilugg eren-lhan
the best of those here laid. before our admi-
ration, must be regarded, we believe, as dcernible
in the thoughtful and ingenious " Preface," during
the course (if which Mr. Beechwoe.l thus speaks of
the office of the novelist, as exemplified by the con-
tributions made by Dickens aud by Thackeray to
the treasures of our imaginative literature. Our
author has just been avowing his dissent from the
conclusion drawn from the scarcely dubitable fact
that the novel has in a great measure superseded
the pOem—the deduction drawn from that circum-
stance, we mean, that the Age of Poetry has gone
by for ever. This inference Mr. Beechwood regards
as altogether .Unnecessary and inadwissible. He
adds :
" The novel, it is true, is admirably adapted to supply
the wants:of ordinary readers; for it is better suited, than
poetry to,afford that species of mental relaxation, combined
with excitement, for which recourse is usuallyhad to works
of fiction. Some of the reasons for this are obvious. The
novelist generally describes everything he touches with
elaborate minuteness—whether it be the character, me-
tires, actions, or appearance of the principal personages of
his story, or the scenery and environment in which they
are pl .ced. This minuteness relieves the reader from the
unwelcome labour of thinking. How admirably does Dickens
accomplish this in all that relates to the external world !
In reading one of his works, the mind of the idlest reader,
without exertion, beholds portrayed, with the utmost dis-
tinctness and fidelity, every town, street, house, or apart-
ment to which the skill of the author chooses to conduct
Lim ; the appearance, dresi, and behaviour of each charac-
ter are given with equal elaboration ; and oven their pecu-
liarities of phrase or pronunciation are 'carefully distin-
guished. No photograph could be more faithful or exact.
Thackeray, with equal success, displays similar minuteness
iu all that relates to the internal world. This he has made
the field of his finest efforts. Every motive and impulse
of his ideal personages, and especially those of the most
sordid kind, are so elaborately represented that the reader,
without the necessity of any great psychological knowledge
and with no strain upon his powers of apprehension, looks
clearly into the inmost soul of the characters introduced,
and can observe with easy, though intense enjoyment, the
skill with which their principles are made to work out in
action, gradually but surely, the appropriate moral result.
Perhaps the extreme minuteness of these two great writers
is sometimes permitted even to violate the .just rules of art,
by transcending the limits-of :the agreeable, and becoming
repulsive. We aro occasionally made to see, with too pain-
ful distinctness, the filthy alley, the pestilential dwelling,
the foul intramural churchyard, the squalid poverty and
degradation described by Dickens, or the mean and often
hateful springs of action depicted by Thackeray, who can
allow no recess, however humble, in the laboratory of hu-
man motives, to rest undisturbed or uninvestigated."
Later on our author thus contrasts in. his " Pre-
face" the position of the poet and the novelist :
" Unlike the novelist, the poet must in the proper exer-
cise of his art avoid, even in narration, the minuteness of
elaborate detail. His descriptions should be general, sug-
gestive, and concentrated : one of his principal aims must
always be that of exciting emotions through the medium
of the reader's own aroused imagination. Who that has
experienced can forget the delightful flutter of heart and
restless activity of mind which accompany and follow the
perusal of a fine poem read for the first time ? Every page
teems with suggestive touches ; new thoughts, and images
unknown to the author himself, rise spontaneously in the
reader's mind, and mingle with the poet's own creations.
Thus the fertilizing ideas of the poet, clothed in exquisite
language, sink deeply into the memory of the susceptible
reader, only to spring up again and bloom forth there as in
a fresh soil.

" Hence, poetry does not supply the reader with every-
thing, but requires something from him. His mind must
remain passive, but must actively fill up from its own re-
sources that vivid outline which is all that the poet's hand
can venture to trace with a few bold strokes. It follows

that a man of inert and barren imagination, though he may
derive considerable pleasure from a novel, can find none in
a poem. Among a nation of such men poetry must neces-
sarily languish; for it is essential to the poet's success that
his audience he `fit,' `though few. "

Wherefore he regards as a happy augury what
he terms " the present revival of a taste for poetry
among large classes of the community." With a
view to the gratification of that new, or rather
(adopting his opinion) that revived intellectual
appetite, Warwick Beechwood has given to the
world "The Friends ; and other Poems," in emu-
lation of so many others among his adventurous
contemporaries. Gentle gales speed the little work
in its passage onwards to the Future, and bring the
tender hopes with which, we doubt not, it is laden,
to a happy, if deserved realisation.

Sunday Scenes in London and its Suburbs. By
Percy Cruikshank. Reeves and Sons, Cheapside.
A beautiful moral may be enforced by the most
grotesque designs ever pencilled by. the hand of
the caricaturist. The truth which we have here
expressed has been happily illustrated by the latest
product of the art of Percy Cruikshank—a volume,
or quarto pamphlet, containing twelve engravings
as singular suggestive embellishments. Althoug
these embellishments are produced not by any
means in the highest style of art, although they
are roughly, and some of them even coarsely exe-
cuted, they at once secure for themselves our
warmest and loudest commendation. The purpose
of the work, indeed, extorts our praise, and com-
mands our admiration. It aims at no less than the
removal of more than one monstrous evil from the
heart and from the vicinity of the metropolis.
Turning over these comical pages of letterpress and
illustration, the reader will become impressed with
the folly, and not buly with the folly, but with the
absolute criminality of allowing matters to go on
as they do every week, on the sacred day set aside
by religion for repose and adoration—and while,
tolerating so many disgusting abuses on the Sun-
day actually prohibiting the opening on that day
of such innocent and intellectual places of public
resort as the National Gallery, and the British
Museum, and the Crystal Palace at Sydenhatn.
The large folding frontispiece represents " Prim-
rose-tavern, Chalk-farm," as the artist saw it on
Sunday afternoon, April 24, 1853—with the swing
car, and the merry-go-round, and the porter drink-
ers, and the pipe smokers, and the reeling guards-
men, and the blackguard-looking donkey drivers,
and all the rest of the rag-tag and bobtail, con-
gregated on Sundays in that classic neighbourhood.
Afterwards, on May Ist, 1853, Sunday, we find
ourselves introduced to the " interior of St. Peter
le Poor, Old Broad-street, City," among the wil-
derness of otherwise empty pews, a sparsely scat-
tered but attentive congregation. Next comes on
May Bth, 1853, Sunday—a capital view of the
" fore cabin of a Gravesend steamer, Meteor," on
the return to London, at six o'clock in the even-
ing—with a glimpse through the haze of tobacco
smoke of harper, fiddler, and trumpeter.
" The Sunday before Greenwich Fair, May 15,
1853," portrays a yet more deplorable rabble rout
than that already seen at Chalk Farm—a crowd of
loungers, ruffians, and itinerant costermongers.
Percy Cruikshank appears to have obtained on the
same day a peep into the Painted Hall at Green-
wich—one from which he has so far profited as to
have derived the materials from it for another accu-
rate and apposite illustration. Next week his foot-
steps wend towards Hyde-park-corner, for under
the date May 22d, 1853, we find very cleverly
drawn the appearance of things on that Sunday
(the Sunday before the Derby) at Tattersall s--the
most characteristic and " telling" of all these twelve
embellishments ! Grooms, dandies, peers, trades-
men—all intent upon making up their books. To-
wards the evening of the same day the artist lounges
on to the entrance of " Cremorne Gardens." Another
Sunday (June 5, 1853) carries us through all the,
noise and riff-raff of the " New Cut, Lambeth," and
by dinner hour to the porch of the " Star and
Garter at Richmond." Another (July 3d, 1853)
brings us to the steam-boat pier at " Hungerford ;"
and towards nightfall into the " Red Cross gin shop
at Barbican," where drabs and drunkards, are swill-
ing beer and listening to the performance of "sacred
music" on the self-acting organ inside the bar I
Yet another Sunday (Sept. 25th, 1853) finds the
artist brought face to face with the horrible squalor
visible on the ground of the Farringdon-street ex-
tension, Field-lane. Such are the scenes selected
by Percy Cruikshank as the subjects for his twelve
timely illustrations. He has significantly inscribed
the subjoined on a fly leaf:—" To the Lord's-Day
Observance Society, the following scenes, well
worthy of their attention, drawn and described
from life, are respectfully dedicated, Without Per-
mission." The whole production is one not less
worthy of a humorous observer than of a generous
philanthropist—to both which-designations the vo-
lume under notice proves our artist to be eminently
well entitled.

The Russo-Tark,ish Campaigns of 1828 and 1829
By Colonel CheBney, D.C.L., F.R.S. Se.
cond. edition. , Smith, Elder, and Co. _ _

• - - -
Colonel Chesney is- already' most honourably
known to the world at large as the commander of
the celebrated expedition undertaken a few years
since for the survey of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates.
Shortly after that memorable survey was successfully
completed, the gallant officer to whose guidance the
expedition had been entrusted by the Government
penned a narrative of the enterprise, which even
in the presence of the rich store•of Travels and
Voyages with which the Englishman's bookshelves
were already laden, was at once re3egnised, by the
more discerning critics, as a masterpiece. The re-
collection of the expedition commanded by Colonel
Chesney, and of the narrative of that expedition
penned by him afterwards as its commander, will
' not, we believe, be very speedily lost to recollection.
The undertaking was one of a character peculiar ly
entitling it to the popular remembrance. It was
obviously calculated from the first not merely to
lead to the extension of the commerce of Turkey,
but to conduce ultimately, and that moreover to the
mutual benefit of the two countries, to the more
intimate connection of the British and Ottoman
Governments. These advantages have already, we
feel satisfied, accrued to England and to Turkey
consequence of Colonel Chesney 's expedition. It is
not too much to assert this plainly and explicitly_
observing, as we cannot fail to' do, the rapid ad-
vances already made since then in the develop-
ment-of-the-mercantile enterprise of the Osmanli
population, and in the more and more intimate

association of the Councils of London and Constan-
tinople, which have accompanied the various stages
Of that industrial development. As an observer of
sagacity, therefore, and as a writer of admitted
eminence, Colonel Chesney has long before now
secured to himself a high and distinguished repu-
tation. He needs not a syllable in the way of in-
troduction. His name is passport enough to the
notice of the general community, particularly with
reference to any work relating directlyor indirectly
to the affairs of Turkey. A work precisely of this
character, a work relating avowedly in its very title,
not merely to Turkey, but to Turkey as opposed,
in arms, to the forces of the Russian Autocrat, has
recently made its appearance. It has scarcely
issued from the press before the first edition has
been exhausted. The second comes forth, indeed,
before we have had either time or opportunity to
notify in becoming terms the fact of the oricrinal
publication. A success almost equal to that which
has hailed the picturesqueaccount of the " Russian
Shores of the Black Sea," given by the skilled hand
of Lawrence Oliphant, may be anticipated for
" The Russo-Turkish Cainpaigus of 1828 and
1829," penned by Colonel Chesney. If Mr.
Oliphant was already favourably known as
the author of the work on " Nepaul and
the Nupaulese," Colonel Chesney was already,
as we have intimated, honourably distinguished as
the commander and as the narrator of the famous
expedition undertaken for the survey of the Rivers
Tigris and Euphrates. He was, moreover, credit-
ably known as the writer of " Observations on Fire
arms." He has passed no less than seven years
within the frontiers of the Turkish Dominions.
'Some part of that time as commander of the before-
mentioned expedition, but some part also simply
in his capacity as an intelligent traveller wandering
to and fro in search of information. Altogether
we have scarcely an Englishman amongst us better
qualified to write upon a subject so intimately
involving the interests of Turkey as those renowned
campaigns of 1828 and 1829, during the course of
which the armies of the Czar, undisturbed by the
hostility of France or England, was enabled to ad-
vance beyond the Pruth, and beyond the Danube
even to the formidable barrier of the giant chain of
the Balkan Mountains. Never did a volume of
this description appear more opportunely. No
marvel that its publication has been noted with
more than ordinary interest. No wonder a second
edition has within so brief an interval from the
printing of the first been already demanded. It
was only very recently that we took occasion to
comment, in these columns, upon the extraordi:
nary interest inseparable from the contemplation
of the last struggle between Russia and Turkey,
now that that struggle is being repeated at the pre-
sent moment in precisely the same provinces, along
the borders of the same river, under the walls of
the same towns—to-day being the renewal, as it
were, of yesterday in sieges, and marches, and
pitched battles, and bombardments. This was re-
marked upon the occasion when we reviewed the
third volume of Sir Archibald Alison's new History
of Europe from 1815 to 1852, from the downfall of
the Napoleon to the accession of Napoleon 111.
The observation might be further enforced by re-
ference to the incidents making up the alluring
chain of occurrences in Colonel Chesney's narrative.
It were unnecessary, however, under the circum-
stances. Any one turning over the pages now
under consideration may recognise the truth of our
recent allusion almost at a glance, certainly within
the limit of a very few minutes' perusal, without
the necessity for any index to the comparison.
Among the most attractive portions of Colonel
Chesney's volumes must be particularised those in
which the gallant author has endeavoured to indi-
cate the precise nature and extent of the resources
of Turkey, as well as the possibility of the Turks
continuing a defensive warfare against Russia
without any extraneous assistance. Upon this
latter point Colonel Chesney, in the " Preface to
the Second Edition" of his annals of the last
"Russo-Turkish Campaigns," has remarked, as
follows :
"It has been recently stated by more titan one high autho-
rity, that if the Sultan had declared war when his territory
was first threatened, the Russian army could have marched
to Constantinople without difficulty. This, however, is
quite a mistake. The organisation of the Turkish army
had already been in progress for more than two years, and,
although it was far from being completed, and many of the
fortresses were still unarmed, a respectable force was ready
to take the field. On the 30th of May, 1853, Lord Strat-
ford de Redcliffe announced to Lord Clarendon that Omar
Pasha and his army had been ordered to Schumla ; that a
flying camp was to be formed between the capital and
Kilia (or Kilios), near which place a Russian force might
succeed in effecting a disembarkation ; and that the danger
of an attack from the side of Batoum and Trebizond had
attracted the attention of Redschid Pasha. His lordship
added, I am informed on good authority, ' that the Porte
will be able to collect about 80,000 men for the defence of
its dominions in European Turkey. A part of this force
will be composed of Rediff or Militia.'

`lt is therefore manifest that the invading army, which,
according to Consul Gardner's report, was about 80,000
men when approaching the Prnth on the 3d of July last,
might have been opposed by an equal force ; and the pro-
posed, or some better defensive campaign, might then have
been commenced with a fair prospect of success. Oa the
14th of June I ventured to submit to the Turkish Govern-
ment my ideas on the employment of the means at com-
mand. The leading suggestions were to hasten to mount
the artillery on the fortresses near, as well as behind, the
Danube; that the Turks should push on towards the
Pruth, in order to obstruct the enemy's advance through
the Principalities ; and, without venturing upon a general
engagement against a superior force of artillery and cavalry
in a comparatively open country, to deprive him of the
resources of that part of th 3 country.
"The first position of actual resistance was to be on the
right bank of the Danube ; but there, as well as subse•
quently, the Turks were recommended to avoid a general
action unless under the most promising circumstances.
But whatever might have been the result of a campaign
commenced in July instead of November, it may safely be
assumed that, as the Russian as well as the Turkish forces
had to march a considerable distance, the postponement of
hostilities was equally advantageous ; we know that Tur-
key, unaided, has hitherto maintained the line of the
Danube ; nor have the Russians as yet even attacked
Kalafat."
Nay, even since the foregoing passage was written,
what changes have occurred by way of corrobora-
tion I Witness this the withdrawal of the Muscovite
forces from before Kalafat, followed rapidly by the
total Russian evacuation of Lower Wallachia.
Having commented upon the resolute stand that
the soldiers of the Sultan might make even if un-
aided [a stand which they have made, as Europe
has all along marked, with admiration and sym-
pathy], Colonel Chesney adds :
" But a brighter prospect than that of a spirited and
successful defence has opened upon the Turkish people ;
for the declarations of Ministers in both houses of Parlia-
ment, as well as the stirring and dignified speech of the
Emperor Napoleon, show that two of the greatest nations
of the world have united their powerful energies in the
support of Turkey ; and those energies are further strength-
ened by the warlike skill and science of the leaders of both
armies, who are about to uphold the Sultan's empire, and
secure the peace of Europe on some permanent basis."
It is suggested by our author shortly afterwards
how rapidly the Anglo-French contingent of
100,000 or 150,000 fighting men might threaten
the right flank of the enemy by marching towards
the invaded Principalities from the Gulf of
Enos, or his left flank, by steaming di-
rectly round to Varna or the Dobrudscha.
The allusion made to ' the employment among
our soldiers of both Brown Bess and the
Minie rifle is peculiarly important just now, all
things considered ; and, therefore, we scruple not
to extract from the same Preface the following
brief quotation :
" With regard Co such operations, one cannot feel alto-
gether free from anxiety lest the British contingent should
take the field with some little disadvantage at first. Our
regiments will have two kinds of arms and ammunition ;
namely, the common musket, and the Minie rifle. It is
understood, however, that Major W. H. Sitwell, un-
attached, has submitted to Lord Raglan a partial* kind
of elongated ball, which, by a simple contrivance, gives
the accuracy and power of the Mini& itself to the ordinary
musket; consequently, if the experiments should justify
expectation, this missile will be at once available for the
whole of our troops."
Another passage, expressive of,a hope as to the ad-
vantages which may possibly accrue from the pre-
sent struggle, will be perused we doubt not by many
with satisfaction :
" It is probable," says Colonel Chesney, " that the com-
ing hostilities will not terminate without doing more than
one kind of service for our army. Experience in cookingt.
and hutting, or encamping, will be gained by the .I.ri
sh
soldier ; and the superior officers will acquire
ty in
moving troops in the field, as well as expertness in
mili-
tary combinations generally. The cap, and tight-fitting
swallow
swallow-tailed costae, will, in all probability, be replaced
by the tunic and a more suitable covering for the head."
We have scarcely time to hope too, with Punch,
that, together with the hideous schako, the bor.
rible old black chocker may ultimately be aban
doped, when lo ! it is abandoned, according
to the Secretary at War's announcement, on
Friday evening, in the Legislature. Turning,
however, from the Preface, once more to the work
itself, we may remark that the text is accompanied
by some excellent maps, illustrative of the move-
ments described. Appropriately enough, the volume
is dulicated. " To his Imperial Majesty the Sultan
Abd-ul-Medjid Khan, Emperor of the Ottomans,"
being so inscribed with the previous cognisance of
Namik Paella, his Majesty's Ambassador Extraor-
dinary. to the Court of St. James's. It is particu-
larly interesting, moreover, to observe towards
the close of the Dedication a courtly and eulogistic
mention, by Colonel Chesney, of " the loyal cha-
racter of the Turk," a tribute all the more valu-
able and interesting, coming as it does from one so
intimately acquainted with more concealed, as wel'
as with the more conspicuous qUalities, observa
ble among the masses of the Osmanli population

Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay. Pub-
lished for Colburn by Hurst and Blackett.
This Diary, whiP,li originally was announced to
appear on the first of every month, is now, accord-
ing to general desire, being published twice a month.
It has, therefore, reached the fifth volume, and as

'''.C;-"(

it is to be completed in seven it is tear its conclu-
sion. It is too well known to need recommenda-
tion or criticism. This number is embellished with
a portrait of General D'Arblay.

Lives of the Queens of _England. By Agnes Strick-
land. Vol. VI. Published for Co'barn by
Hurst and Blackett.

This series has reached the sixth volume, which
"
is entirely devoted to Mary Beatrice of Modena,
the Queen of James the Second. Itris no narra-
tive of unchecked prosperity or royal luxury,. but
it chronicles the troubles and vicissitudes of a
romance. The two illustrations consist of a por-
trait of the Queen, and a picture of her escape with
her infant sou under the walls of Lambeth Church.

Critical and Historical Essays., By the Right Hon.
T. B. Macaulay, M.P. Longman. Part I'V.
We .are glad_ to see these admirable essays issued
in a commodious form, easily attained by the poorer
members of the cominunity. They have reached
the fourth part, and are to be completed in seven..
At the low price of a shilling a number of these
essays, whose rank as standard worlo; has long been
decided, may be obtained. Tho present number
contains those on Lord Bacon, Sir William Temple,
and " Gladstone on Church and State." tilis
people's edition will doubtless meet with anmedia.‘e
and extended popularity.