The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-21 00:00:00

STRAND THEATRE.

See LONGS ?Qr. F. W. Alleroft.—Directress, Miss Rebecca Isaacs,
THIS EVENING, APRIL 21,
Will be performed TELE ENCHANTED LAKE.
Followed by AN ADVERTISEMENT—" WANTED, WIVES
AND HUSBANDS."
Concluding with it new burlesque on RICHARD THE THIRD.
stroll, Ss.; Boxes, 35.; Pit, 11. 6d; Oallery, 40. ; Private ltoxes,
$1 lis. 6d., :o be bad of Mr. Alleroft, 13, New Bond-street.

, hTLP.MS EUROPE'S 'NAT iO>TA L AtifPiiITIIEA.TRE.
Lessee and Manager. Mr. William Cooke.
Great attraction and powerful Novelties for the Easter Holidays.
THIS EVENING, APRIL 21.

And during the week, a now Braid \Tattiest and Equestrian spec•
• tacle., embodying n vet and extraordinary effects (wri•t';n by Mr.
Meson Lea), entitled A TALE OF THE SPA SISH WAR; or,
The Horse of the Wreck. Th 3 horses expressly trained by Mr. W.
Cooke.
Followed by an entire change of the Scenesof the CIRCLE. intro-
ducing less Kate Cooke, %Hsi) Emily Cooke, Mr. %Wel Cooke, and
the most talented Equestrian ani liyinnastic Artistes in Europe.
Concluding with the new Farce of DALRYMeLE versus TUBBS.
Box-ollice open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
West.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Ten DAY I Morning 15 min.after 8 Evening 2 min.aft. 9
Te•Mossow—lforning 50 min.after 9 Evening 35 min.ait. 10

Recollect—to the friends of the CzA.B., and the
enemies of the Turkish Government.

yr
Remember, moreover, the extraordinary cir-
cular addressed towards the close of last month,
dated, in'fact, the 29th of March, to all t-e Eng-
lish Consuls in the Levant by her Britannic
MAJESTY'S Ambassador at Constantinople ! A
document viewing with "indignant sorrow and
reprobation" [these are the very expressions of
Lord STRATFOED DE REDOLIPPE] "a movement
which operates only in favour of 'Russia, while it
has not even the merit of being spontaneous." Bear
those last, few syllables especially in remem-
brance !
Recollect, moreover, that eight days after that
circular was penned at Constantinople by our
Ambassador, Lord JOHN RUSSELL declared, in
the House of Commons, in the sitting to
which we have already made more than one
referenc., that the movement regarded by her
MAJESTY'S representative at the Sublime Porte as
being " only in favour of Russia," and as not
having " even the merit of being spontaneous,"
was in reality strongly encouraged, if it were not
actually originated, by the infatuated Greek Sove-
reigns.

I Let it not be forgotten that these are formid-
able imputations cast by no obscure hand, but by
that of a leading Minister of the Crown of Eng-
land, against King 01110, some time [in 1832]
Prince of Bavaria, and against his Queen, some
time [in 1836] Princess AMSLIA of Oldenburg.
The " numerous PROOFS" of the criminal con-
nivance of the KING and Quxes of Greece with
these insurgents in the cause of the Russian
AUTOCRAT—the proofs spoken of so confidently on
the 6th instant by the Noble Lord the Leader of
the House of Commons—have yet, of course, to
be adduced in justification of the charge, and
thereupon, in the Substantial form of a blue-book,
laid upon the table of the Imperial Legislature.
Nevertheless, although that promised blue-book
has yet to be printed, or at any rate has yet to
be published—may we not already perceive in
various events which have actually transpired
strong confirmation of the truth of the very
grave charges directed against the Court of Athens
by the Noble Leader of the House of Commons
speaking in the name of her Britannic MAJESTY'S
Government ?

Can we ? It is a rather serious question.
Can we not already discover that these bold asser-
tions from the lips of Lord Joax RUSSELL have
been accompanied by events somewhat remarkable
in the way of corroboration or enforcement

Can we not perceive this not merely in the
abrupt dismissal by the Sublime Porte of the
Greek Ambassador to the Court of the SULTAN,
but also, peremptorily, of the various Greek sub-
jects hitherto resident at Constantiuople ?

Above all, is there not powerful and direct con-
firmation of every syllable uttered on the 6th of
April, in the House of Commons, by Lord JOHN
RUSSELL, in the circumstance notified by U 3 in our
impression of last Monday, that, by a curious coin-
cidence, on that same 6th of April, at Athens, the
English, Austrian, French, and .Swedish Ministers
did not attend at the solemn Te Deum, there and
then chaunted before King OTrio and Queen AN-
GELIA ?—that memorable 6th being the day when
the anniversary of the independence of Greece was
celebrated !

Observe that announcement—for just now it is
especially significant. The English Minister was
not present. The French Minister was not pre-
sent. Neither was the Swedish nor the Austrian !
Somewhat propitious, we take it, that latter inti-
mation. Not a word about the Russian or—
mark this particularly !—about the Prussian Am-
bassador ! Consequently, the obvious deduction
from the silence preserved in regard to them is,
that they were both present at the Te Thum from
which not only the English and the French, but
even the Austrian and Swedish Ministers absented
themselves. Naturally, of course, the Russian
Ambassador was present after the movement made
[we quote half from Lord Jowl. RUSSELL and half
from Lord STZATFOILD DE REDOLTPRE/ in favour of
the Czsit at the instigation, or at least with the
encouragement, of the Greek Sovereigns. But the '
PrussianAmbasstvior t There' a the iub. Verily the
straw thrown up at Athens, shows more pointedly
the direction of the wind (for Prussia) than -even
the Berlin weathercock.

Verily, too—And the reflection is just now yet
more worthy of remark—the day of reckoning is
fast approaching for the infatuated Greek Go•
vernment.

We know nothing whatever of Mr. MATTHEW,
of Heywood, who lectured the turnouts of Stock-
port last week on the political economy of their
position, but certainly if such balderdash can be
passed off to the poor men as irrefutable argu-
ment, material will never be wanting for persuad-
ing them that they are grievously wronged, and
do well to be angry. Mr. MATTHEW may be, and
we suppose is, a respectable man, and endowed
with the requisite faculties for addressing an open-
air meeting ; and perhaps a superior thinker,
with inferior tact and physical powers, would
have come off but second beat, mill-lasses
being judges, in an encounter with an orator
pleading against masters, and for the idolised
ten per cent. We would fain hope, how-
ever, that there were among the shrewd over-
lookers, and other long-headed Lancashire men
present, many who had learned enough at Mecha-
nics' Institutes, or by their mother wit, to shrug
their shoulders at arguments which elicited loud
plaudits from the younger portion of the audience.
Mr. MATTHEW began with an imposing nega-
tive : "be denied that capital and labour were
identical in their interests." The wealthy mas-
ters and their needy operatives, he wished it to be
understood, were natural enemies, and it was as
glorious for poverty to do battle against wealth as
for the Turks to resist the Russians. We fancy
1 we see some long-headed, and, perhaps, smutty-
'
I faced operative, ready to exclaim, though
I repressed by fear of hisses, " A'weel, Mr.
MATTHEW, may be most masters get us to
work as cheap as they can, but how could they put
us to work at all if they had na' capital to- pay
our wages with till the brass came in from the
cloth we had made ?" In the Gospel according
to this MATTHEW, however, the capitalist is the
arch enemy of the poor man—the fiend from
whom he must pray to be delivered ; and all be-
eause he does what the poor man himself does,
that is, gets his work done as Cheap- as he can.
We should like to know whether Mr. MATTHEW,
or any man of his audience, would not get his
shoes mended by the cheapest hand that would
work for him ; nay, whether any one of
all his numerous female hearers would not
rush to the shop which sold the very gowns
their own hands had weaved to save a farthing a
yard ; that is, whether these patriotic ladies
would not endeavour to get the mill work done for
a farthing a yard less, since if raw material and
other thinei remain at the same average, or rise
to a higher one, all the cheapness must come out
of cheapened labour. Not to travel to foreign
countries, let Mr. MATTHEW explain to his hear-
ers, why, .hitherto, Irish wretchedness has not
been notoriously least, wherever capital has, as in
Ulster, been, most secure and plentiful ; and whe-
ther of late years it has not diminished just in
the proportion that property has been attracted to
that unhappy laud ? In the hope that these lines
may meet the eye of some Stockport operatives,
we would repeat what most of our readers well
know, that,
indirectly of course, the very money
saved by reductions
reduction,
returns is nota of wages, supposing that the
gaain to merethe w precautionorkm en
. against
sometimes,
ruinous
o
indeed, employs another
more commonly the wealthy manufacturer
larges his mill, or builds a new one, and thus in-
creases the demand la new hands, or prevents
the growing population 41115 m
pressing upon each
other ; but whichever i it produce, wages are
either raised or kept forli falling. The an-
tagonism of capital and labour is only one of
the many cases in which the pressure on
each other of seemingly opposite interests sup-
ports , the
whole fabric of society ; indeed,
identity is stagnation, and antagonism is life and
activity. To the antagonism of chemical elements
we owe
all the invaluable compounds of the labo-
ratory an—
fl° f nature i to the au ta,gonism of the mag-

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 21, 1854.

netic and _of the electric carrents, the space anni-
hilating ; nay, to the natural antagonism
of fire and water we owe the very power which
makes Stockport and Preston what they have been,
and what we trust they will yet be ; and to .what,
in this sense, may be called the antagonism of
capital and labour, we owe, in great part, the
existence, the support, and the increase of all our
great manufactures. _ _

Mr. MATTELEV considered that " the power of
masters to put up a notice in their mills to take
away their wages, showed that there was a power
that should not exist." We are bold to affirm
that not only is it absurd to deny a man the right
to pay what wages he pleases ; but that without
this power, manufactures never could have been
begun ; never been carried on ; and that if carried
on, masters would be bankrupts, and men beggars.
The state of the markets presses on the master,
the pressure on the master naturally propagates
itself to the men, and if this natural cause of
things be rudely stopped, injury to both must be
the eventual result.

Mr. MATTHEW actuallydeprecated foreign trade !
" The working classes did not want to clothe the
backs of people across the seas." We do not
doubt the limited range of Mr. MATTHZW'S bene-
volence, and we must own that those misers, the
capitalists, are probably as indifferent to the con-
dition of Chinese, Brazilian, or American backs as
Mr. M. and the operatives are ; but (perhaps
through our stupidity or perversity) we cannot
for the life of us comprehend the orator's doctrine
about the depreciation of the prices of our manu-
factures by a foreign demand for them. "Every
inch a ship sailed from our shores the cloths on
board of her depreciated in value :'he could not walk
to the other end of the platform with so little
depreciation as if 'he walked to the middle only,
and so of our cloths sent abroad." 'We have
no doubt of Mr. MATTHEW'S depreciation in value
from venturing uhto the Stockport platform, but
how any of our manufacturers could be induced
to send their goods to the very Antipodes, unless
theygot fully as much for them as at home, leaving,
their customers abroad to pay all charges of trans-
port, we are entirely unable to comprehend. Or
how sending goods out of the country should
have any other effect than that of making them
dearer at home, and sustaining, therefore, home
wages, is to us equally unintelligible. But we:
suspect that our operative hearer, before referred
to, must have sadly longed to shout out, "Na-a-y,
Master MATTHEW, that 'ont do ; I only wish I
was sure of some thumping ordersin from 'the dig
gins, or Brazil, or anywhere else, and they'd soon
give us our ten per cent." If, indeed, the
speaker were addressing some old " Strikers"
they would tell him that a time when large orders
were in, home or foreign, it mattered not which,
was just the time that they chose, if they could,
for demanding increased wages. Mr. MATTHEW
summed up by the emphatic declaration, that the
impoverishment of the workman was in propor-
tion to the extent of our exportation I We will
not insult the understanding of a Stockport opera-
tive by attempting to refute the doctrine that the
more there is fur him to do the worse he is paid.
He has felt too often, practically, the difference
between a busy and a slack time, to need a ward
in refutation of so monstrous an assertion.

Mr. COWELL, we see, did not endorse the rea-
sonings of him of Heywood, though, of course,
too polite to contradict them. He mentioned,
however, as the reason for their absurd demand
of a uniform 10 per cent., that the " time was
come for the people to reap a portion of the bene-
fits and profits of Free Trade." Away, there-
fore, in one breath, he blew the whole of Mr.
MArrunw's laborious nonsense ; for what the pro-
fits of Free Trade should be, but profits on our
exportations, as well as our importations, Mr.
MATTHEW himself could not tell us. If the
benefits of Free Trade be the basis of the
demand for ten per cent., assuredly our profits
most have resulted from " clothing the backs of
people across the seas." We hope Mr. M. will
not essay political economy to operatives again.
We surmise that had, he been at some good school,
and yet in his teems, such an essay on the sub-
ject would have -endangered his undergoing 'an
operation` the opposite of " clothing the back, and
bringing down upon him the only arguments by
which certain persons can be enlightened.

ONE V- NIA R.K E,T

AND
COMIII.ERCIAL LNTELLIGENUE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.
- The sales Of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at from 6,000 to 7,000 bales, of which
1,000 American were taken on speculation. The
market closed firmly at previous rates. The sales
comprised' 200 Pernam and Maranham, at 50. to
7id. ; 100 Bahia, at sid, to 6241. ; 500 Egyptian,
at 6cl. to 9d. ; 700 Surat, at 20. to 4kl. ; 40 Sea
Island at ls. to is. 3d.. per lb., and the remainder
American. Railway shares were steady.
The market for Colonial Produce reopened on
Wednesday. The quantity offered has been limited.
A steady inquiry for sugar and coffee exists for
home use. In tea a fair business has' been done ;
tallow has fallen, and Jute is about 20s. lower.
In spices there has been a decline. Cotton is
quiet, but saltpetre is rather dearer.
Accounts from Canada state, in alluding to the
prosperity of the colony, that
"Those who ate familiar with the varied resources,
and have closely observed the onward progress of the
British colonies in America during the last few years,
cannot fail to be impressed with the attractions they
afford for extensive emigration. The recent reports li
made by the Governor-General of Canada, and Lieut.-
Governor of Nova Scotia, and the financial reports
from the other colonies, afford a glowing exhibition of
the healthy condition of trade and commerce in the
respective provinces. With
._these official docu-
ments before us, and incontrovertible evidence of vast
invaluable resources and healthy prOsperity, may
we not bid the honest and industrious emigrant and his
family a hearty welcome from their contracted fields and
crowded workshops to our Wad acres and labour-
seeking public works, in the full assurance of his enjoying
a competency as the reward of industry. It would re-
quire no laboured . argument to show the yeomanry of
England, Scotland,. and Ireland, that throughout the
vast and varied British colonial possessions, there is no
colony so. full of promise to the industrious emigrants as
British North America. Within twelve days sail of their
own native homes, the climate is kiseavn and acknow-
ledged to be more favourable to health and longevity than
that of the SOuthern or Western States. Land is cheitp,
and the soil is superior. Wages are high and labour every-
where In demand. The Free School system is becoming
popular, and will soon be universally adopted. Churches
of all evangelical denominations are numerous. Taxes
are light, and the Government is as free; as liberal, and
as progressive as any well-disciplined mind could desire.
Never was there a more encouraging prospect for the
British emigrant to cross the Atlantic than at present.
The farmer, with his little savings in his pocket, cannot
fail to select a homestead, which, by frugal industry,
would very soon afford him all the comforts of a happy
rural life. The mechanic is equally sure of employment
and large rewards for his skill, whilst 'the yak. railroad
operations, and other public and private enterprises,
guarantee to the labourer high wages for many years to
come. But, notwithstanding all that has been written on
this subject, these facts a.re notgenerally known among the
emigrating classes throughout the rural and manufactur-
ing districts of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Let,
them be impressed on the minds of the people, discus-
sed in public meetings, talked about in the family circle,
and the result would be that a large portion of the emi-
gration now going on from the mother country' to the
United States, Australia, &c., would be attracted to the
shores of British North America."
The Chamber of Commerce of New York have
passed resolutions heartily concurring with the
movement made in the British Houie of Commons
by Mr. Gibson, praying her Majesty to give special
instructions to the officers commanding vessels of
war not to interfere with neutral vessels ; that a
memorial be presented to the President and Con-
gress praying for the passage of a law to put a stop
to privateermg ; and that Government should give
notice that any attempt _ to renew. the right of
search for British seamen in our vessels, or pro-
perty belonging to individuals on board of the same,
shall be considered good cause for war.
The New York accounts state that American dew
rotted hemp was held at $195 to $2lO per ton.
The last sale of water rotted was made at $275.
There was no Russian on hand, except that held
by manufacturers. It is said the crop to come for-
ward from Kentucky will be deficient, while that
from Missouri will be so large as to counterbalance
the falling off in the former State. The winter had
been unfavourable for the rotting of hemp iu Mis-
souri, and a considerable portion of the crop, it was
said, would be stacked out, and remain over with-
out rotting until the next season. Heavy snows
produce the -best rotted and bleached hemp. •
The Committee of Mexican Bondholders have
received the, following letter from his Serene High-
ness the President of Mexico :
(Translation.)
" Mexico March 14, 1854.
" reply to your letter of the Ist ult., in which
in your own name, as wail as on behalf of your constitu-
ents, the HeAican Bondholders, you are pleased to felicitate
me on the vote of. confidence with which my country has
honoured Me, I feel it.ti duty,to return you. and the bond-
holders my hest thanks for thw very courteous terms in
which that communglation is conveyed.
" I certainly consider your claim to have the overdue
dividends paid perfectly just, and I am also well aware of
the good effects which must result from the demands of
the bondhelders being completely satisfied. I, there-
fore, am using my best efforts to acquit myself of these
sacred obligations, and, if I have not as yet been as success-
ful as the bondholders and I myself could desire, I have,
nevertheless, shown some earnest of it in promoting the
payment of a dividend a few months ago, notwithstanding
that at my accession to the Supreme Governmmt I found
myself without resources to provide for even the most
pressing wants for the public service, while it was also
found indispensably necessary to form an army for the
defence of the country against attacks both from within
and from without.

:
L 146 IN /41:44

X., LI

" However, I am happy to say that the public revenue
is new so much improving in all its branches that I have
now better founded hop4s of fulfilling the engagements of
the country towards the bondholders, to whom you may
in my name declare that their just expectations shall not
be disappointed, and that their forbearance and the consi-
derate manner in which they have hitherto behaved to-
wards the Republic will be found to have been duly ap-
preciated. I am, Sir, your faithful servant,
"A. L. DE SANTA ANNA.
" Charles M`Garel, Esq., Deputy-Chairman of the
Committee of Mexican Bondholders."
The order to the Customs prohibiting the expor-
tation of iron to the Continent, is understood to
be merely preliminary, and will be modified so as
to act as little as possible in restricting trade, and
yet not allow the enemy to be supplied with the
material of war.
• -

THREE VICTORIES GAINED

BY THE TURKS.

A report from Omer Pacha, says the Morning
Post in a- second edition of to-day, confirms the
fact that there had been three glorious actions
at the passage of the Danube, but that, in pur-
suance of orders, .the troops had retreated in the
line of liarasou.

AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA.

The news has just been received of war having
been declared by Russia against !England and
France.
It is reported, that the Bank of England
weekly return will show a further considerable de-
crease in the bullion, according to some versions,
of about half a million, but a portion of this
must be ascribed to the dividends, although
specie even up to this time is taken for exportation.
The Stock Market has been rather variable again.
At the openiug,prices were firm, Consols being 87t
to 88, but they went back afterwards upon money
sales, stated to be for the Savings' Banks, possibly
in connection with an exchange of funded for
unfunded securities, to 871, The latest
bargains have been at 871 to and since at
87g, A. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents.
have been 871 to 88, and, the Three per Cent.
Reduced Annuities 86g to 86k. Bank Stock
is 211. Yesterday afternoon, before the close
of the market, it dropped from 212 to 209,
owing probably to the idea that the renewed char-
ter will not be so favourable to the Corporation,
although there is much doubt whether Govern-
ment, at this time, will give any inkling of its in-
tentions. Exchequer ls are par to 4s. premium,
and India Bonds SS. discount.
Foreign Securities have been quiet, with the ex-
ception of Spanish, which have been dealt in at an
improvement to 361 and 37, and the New Deferred
have been steady at 174. Peruvian 41 per Cents.
are about 11 per cent. higher, being 60, and the 3
per Cents. are marked 43 to 44. Russian 41 per
Cents. are dull, but firm at 80. Dutch 2i per
Cents. are 57k to 571.
Railway Shares are decidedly weaker. Caledo-
nian have receded about 10s.; Great Northern, 10s.;
and Great Western also, 10s. ; Lancashire and
Yorkshire, and .York and North idland, each 11.
The others in the same proportion.
Mining Shares are firmer, Bank Shares dull, and
Land Companies' neglected.

CONCLUSION OF AN OFFENSIVE AND
DEFENSIVE TREATY.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
( From the Offlaiat List.)
Business done.
Bat* Stock ... .. .d
. - . 211
Re i per Cent. duce Annuities B6l 1
3 per Cent COMOI.O Annuities BB 71 i i
New 34 per Cent. Annuities B7j 8 7i 1 1
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860
Dittc 30 Years, Expire 10th Oct., 1859 4 7-16
Ditto 30 Years, Expire sth Jan., 1860
255
India Stock
India Bonds, £lOOO .... .. ~...... .....
Consols for Account 11th May BB 74
Exchequer Bills, 2d.
£lOOO .....• ..par 4 p
£5OO par 4 p
Small ' '
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Peruvian Bonds, 4. per Cent. 6O
ritto 3 per Cent ........ .. - ..... ..... .
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £ St —
Ditto 44 per Cent BO
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 36i 7 64
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent. ... - - 171
IWO:lends on the above payable in. London
Dutch Exchange, 24 per Cent. 12 Gull 574 4
HALF-PAST TWO.

A telegraphic despatch, dated Berlin, this
_morning says that—" Yesterday an offensive and
defensive allianCe between Austria and Prussia
was signed by Baron Manteuffel on the
,one side
and Baron Hess and Count Thun on the other."

Consols B7
Ditto May Account

TEE STEAM.SUIP TWINING.— Letter; from Gibraltar
mention that the North of Europe Steam Company's
vessel Tonning. had arrived at that place after a passage
four days and 20 hoUrs, believed to be the shortest
on record; she had on board Sir Colis, Campbell and a
portion of Lord Raglan's staff, together with some troops
and 60 horses. The steam-ship City of Norwich, be-
longing to the same company, sailed from the Tower on
Saturday, the Bth, and arrived at Ilanik vrgh iu 39 hours.