The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-27 00:00:00

Just published, price 25., by post 2s. ,
DEBILITY and IRRITABILITY induced by
sPERMATORRIICEA ; the Symptoms, Effects, and Rational
Treatment. By T. H. YEOMAN, M I)., Physician to the General
Post.office Letter-''arriers' Provident Institution,&c.
London Effingham Wilson, 11, Royal Exchange ; and, by post
only, from the Author, 25, Lloyd-square.

DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, &c.
Just published, price 45., free by post, 55.,
DHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCHES into the
Causes of Nervous Debility and Gen,to-Urinary Maladies,
Ipermatorrticea rationally considered, with unanswerable a
Rema
Guiderks
on the empirical manner these Diseases are treated ;
being
to Health, Leng Life, and Happiness.
By M.
Sherwood, Piper, and Co., 83, Paternoster-row.

THE ACHILLES INSURANCE COMPANY.
Capital, 100,000/. Every description of LIFE ASSURANCE
transacted. LOANS to policy holders on liberal terms. Prospectuses
OD application to chief office, 25, Cannon-st eet, y Cillt.
. B. TAPLIN.

ESTABLISHED 1837.
BRITANNIA. LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Vic., Cap. 9.

BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION,
Empowered by tier Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.
COLONEL Ro➢ERT ALEXANDER, Blackheath-park, Chairman.
Every description of Life Assurance business transacted, with or
without Participation in Profits.
E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
N DREW FRANCIS, secretary.

Princes-street, Bank, London.

" CHOLER A!!!
Tprevented by the destruction of all noxious effluvia.
CREWSN DISINFECTING FLUID.
RECOMMENDED BY THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.
THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGF.ST C QLORIDE OF ZINC.
Chemists,
Quarts, 25. • Pints, Is. ; Half-pints, 6d. Sold by all
Druggists, and Shipping Agents, and at Commercnialß Wharf, Nine
End, London. Agents—Messrs. Drew, neyward,ad arren, Bush-
lane, Cannon-street, City.

EXTRAORDINARY MECHANICAL MODELS.
3/1-R. BECK, Dentist, begs to call attention t0i-
..1. his Anatomical Models for developing the strf Art
ficial Teeth, (true to nature and in full action for ti masxhibitecation and
articulation), fixed from one tooth to a complete set, as exhibited at
the Paris Exposition.
Single Tooth, 10s. ; Set, 101. and 201.
*** 47, Great Russell-street, opposite the British Museum, London.

ALT and CO.'S, EAST INDIA PALE ALE.
Sln consequence of the REDUCTION in price of Hops, the 6s.
per barrel advanced on Ale in October last, is taken off.
BURTON-ON-TRENT, 111sacit 27th, 1854.

STORES.
London ......., 22, Hungerford-wharf.
Liverpool 52, Henry-street.
Manchester •• 27,rown-street.
Birmingham •• • • .... Bull-street.
Bristol •• • Back Hall, Baldwin-street.
Nottingham •• • 44, Greyhound street.
Dublin .. • • .• •• 4, Crown-alley.
Edinburgh ..... 17, Downie-place.
Dundee .• •• ...• 13, New Inn Entry, High-street.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
EA and. PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
. SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops,
and a'.. Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and S.'alad,
and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce Is the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 19, Fenchurch-stßarclayreet,
London, and 68 Broad-street, Worcester ; also by Messrs.
and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other oilmen
in and mer-
chants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers sauce.
N.B.—To guard against imitations, see that the namee
sbo ottle.f " LEA
and PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap
of th

ON THE SECRET CAUSES OF SELF-ACQUIRED MISERIES
AND DISAPPOINTED HOPES.
THE SILENT FRIEND.
In Six Languages—Fiftieth Edition.
CONTAINING TUE REKEDY FOR PREVENTION of DIsEASE.
austrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Engravings and
Cases.
yew Edition, enlarged to 200 pages, price 2s. 6d., by post, from the
Establishment, 3s. 6d. in stamps,
rHE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
1 the exhaustion and pisysical decay of the system, produced by
•Ecessive indulgence, the consequences ot infection, or the abuse of
mercury, with directions for the use of the preventive lotion, fog-
by observations on Marnage, and the disqualifications which
oreveat it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L.
PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Iderners-street, Oxford-
street, London. Published by Sherwood and Co.. 23, Paternoster-
-ow, and sold by Hannay, 63, and Ranger, 150, Oxford-street ; Gor-
on, 146, Leadenhall-street ; ,Cheaps ; W. Sutton, 10,
tow Ch
I. ; Butler, 4, de ; Johnson, 68, Cornhill.
PARE' I. treats of the area
and physiology of the reproductive
organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings.
PAST 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
tulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
nental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
'ncapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanator) Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary ur secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
tl.eir treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 coloured Engrav-
ings.
PART IV. eontains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is Obviated.
PART V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage and its duties.
Fhe causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the whole
subject critically and philose•Alcally inquired into.
THE f. ORDIAL BALV: OF •AYRI tCUM is exclusively employed
in treating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., I Is. and 335.
per bottle. The Corntrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitie
dy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
reme
symptons, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, I Is. and 335. per
bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I Is.
per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and
chronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by
letter,
A minute detail of the case is requiredhabits, and posi-
t 1.
ion in society . 51. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Establish-
tient only, by which the fee, IL, is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons,
are In attendance, daily, at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, Lon-
don, from Eleven till Two. and Five to Eight; on Sunday from
I. laves to One.

STATE OF TRADE.

AY

MORE .RUBSIAN _PRIZES.

count -Duncan of Camperdown, and De Winter was
treated, as a prisoner in England, with all the respect
and honour due to his gallantry and misfortune."
De Winter died not long after of a chronic disease.
Of the two actions, some have thought Camperdown
the more honourable to English arms. Consummate
nautical skill was shown in fighting a sturdy enemy
upon a lee shore, and, though an Englishman prefers to
give rather than take the odds, still that action was an
overwhelming triumph. In number of guns the English
had 575 against 517 in the Dutch ; in number of crews
the English were 8,221 men opposed to 7,157 Dutch;
and, in round numbers, the superiority of British ton-
nage was as twenty-three thousand tons to twenty thou-
sand. At the end of the fight the English were in posses-
sion of two Dutch seventy-fours, five sixty-fours, two
fifties, besides a couple of frigates. Our loss in killed and
wounded at these two battles are worth stating. At the
sea-fight of St. Vincent we had only three officers killed
and five wounded ! There were 59 seamen killed, and
180 wounded ; and 11 of the marines killed, and 33 of
them wounded. At the battle of Camperdown the re-
sult of casualties on our side was :—Seamen : killed,
165 ; wounded, 474. Marines : killed, 20 ; wounded,
48. Officers : killed, 8 ; wounded, 41. Or, in total,
there were 707 seamen, marines, and boys,.and 49 offi-
cers, killed and wounded at Camperdown ; and, though
it is anticipating, it is worth here remarking, that in the
bloodiest and most decisive sea-fight in history—Trafal-
gar--there was a total of 1,587 British killed and
wounded, 36 of our officers having been killed, exclu-
sive of 3 who died of their wounds ! The results of St.
Vincent and Camperdown may be stated as having
raised the public feeling from despondency, and as hav-
ing inspirited England ratber than intimidated her
enemies. To accomplish the latter, the Nelsonian
battles were necessary. When we recollect that
Nelson died only as Viscount at Trafalgar, after his
prodigies of personal valour, besides his exploits at
the Nile and Copenhagen, we may feel surprise either
at the moderate honours awarded to him, or the exces-
sive ones given for a single action to St. Vincent. But
the state of public opinion at the time justified the earl-
dom to Jervis • and, recollecting that the Spaaish ad-
miral sought the encounter, we must greatly admire the
audacity of Jervis in assailing such a numerous fleet as
Cordova commanded. It must also be recollected that
Jervis performed prodigious public services afterwards
as a naval administrator. Titular honours have been
often niggardly withheld, and sometimes lavishly be-
stowed. Lord Rodney was very ill-used in being made only
baron • and it was certainly very hard to ref use a rever-
sion of his title to that noble mariner who has so happily
been called "the Bayard of the Sea"--Collingwood, whose
genius was great, and whose glory is without a solitary
stain. It is not a little curious that two brothers should
have won glory as admirals—Viscount Hood and Vis-
count Bridport—like Nelson, the sons of a clergyman.
We have a calculation (now before us) made in 1808, on
high authority, of the comparative number of peerages
traceable to the military and naval life. There were
then existing in the peerage, exclusive of any extinct
honours, fifteen titles won at sea—from Montagu, Lord
Sandwich, in 1660, to Lord Gambier ; and there were
fourteen military titles, commencing with Marlborough
in 1702, to Lord Cathcart in 1807. Down to the same
dates there were not less than twenty-soven peerages
actually then in existence, owing their origin to—the
/am—From the Press.

THE " TIMES" AND THE WAR.

sible procedure of the Coalition with regard to the
Eastern question. People, could not understand
why the Autocrat was permitted to perpetrate. the
unparalleled piece of savagery which will render
the name of Sinope remarkable in the page of his-
tory, without any retaliation having been inflicted
on him. They will comprehend it now. They
will also understand how it happened that our
fleet in the East, after having been a few days in
the Black Sea, returned to &ices, and there com-
fortably remained in profound repose for four
mouths. It was for fear that Nicholas, should in
any way, by some accident or other, receive some
" harm." In the same fact, too, we have an ex-
planation of the delays which have taken place in
sending out our armies to the East, and keeping
back the officers even after the men had arrived.
It is all out of a tender consideration for the Czar
—all for fear lest he might be "harmed,", or, if not
absolutely injured, be " humbled." He must be
neither. Come what may to our "fame," he must
not suffer. Perish the " fame" of Great Britain a
thousand times over, rather than that the Auto-
crat should be "harmed" or " humbled."
After the articles in yesterday's Times, we shall
feel surprised if one solitary individual, of average
intelligence, shall be found in this country, who will
not adopt the opinion we have expressed throughout
that the great object of the Coalition. is to save Rus-
sia, not Turkey. No actual aid, up till this hour, .has
been rendered by this country to the Ottomanempirq,
but we have interposed to prevent the Turks from
fighting their own battles. Through our Ambas-'
dor at Constantinople, Omer Pacha was prevented,
towards the end of last autumn, from following I
up the 'brilliant successes he achieved on the banks
of the Danube, by attacking Bucharest and expel-
ling the Russians from Moldavia and Wallachia ;
for it is the opinion of the most experienced mili-
tary men, that the Turkish Commander-in-Chief
could, at that time, have destroyed, or driven back
to their own frontiers, every Muscovite soldier in
the Principalities. But that would have been, in
the view of the Coalition, too great a punishment
of the Czar. It would hare mortified him too
much.
And so it has been ever since. We would not
destroy a single ship of the Czar's in the Black
Sea, nor allow the Turkish squadron to do it.
We have, in fact, while rendering no assistance
whatever to the Ottomans, acted as an incitbus on
their own efforts in every way. The result has
been, that the Turks have become exceedingly
weakened and discouraged. Their enthusiasm is
fast dying away, while their material resources
are nearly exhausted. In a word, this country
—for France is entirely guided by England—
is most surely, and manifestly from design,
preparing Turkey for a speedy and easy dismem-
berment. We are doing the work of Russia. We
are, in reality, the ally of the Czar, not of the
Sultan. We have no objection to see the Turks
massacred in thousands, as at Sinope, by savage
Cossacks ; but we take the most scrupulous care
that no "harm" shall befall the Czar. We will be
tender in the extreme even of his feelings. Not
only will we not diminish his power, but we will not
be the means of causing him the slightest sense of
humiliation. What more could he desire ? What
stronger inducement could he have to persist in his
lawless aggression ? If he triumph, he will, of
course, have everything his own way. If he be
vanquished, he will neither suffer harm, nor be
subjected to humiliation. Thrice happy Czar.
Surely even he will, at last, feel some emotion of
gratitude to his " friend of forty years' standing,"
and to the Coalition generally, who, whatever they
may be in theory, are no less, collectively, his
friends in practice.

(From the Morning Advertiser.)
There has long been a feeling in the public mind,
that nothing which could appear in the Times
could excite surprise. We venture to say that this
feeling will no longer be entertained by any one
who has read that journal of yesterday. As regards
ourselves, we confess that the article in question
has occasioned utter amazement. We knew full
well, of course, the Russian predilections of the
Times. We knew that, inasmuch as it is the ser-
vile organ of Lord Aberdeen, it never has ceased
and never will cease, so long as it sustains that
character, to be thoroughly Muscovite at heart.
But we could not have believed it possible that our
contemporary could be so devoid of tact, as to
permit the article to which we allude to appear in The Bankruptcy Commission has brought its
his columns. labour to a close, and their report, as well as the
The article not only expresses the sentiments of evidence, will be published in the course of a few
Lord Aberdeen, but must have been actually days. The form of the commission ran thus :
penned by him. It has nothing about it of the " Victoria R.—Victoria, by the Grace of God of the
editorial character. From beginning to end, its United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen
object is to prepare the people of this country for Defender of the Faith : To our right trusty and well-
that course of forbearance towards Russia—now beloved Councillor Spencer Horatio Walpole, our trusty
that the Coalition, contrary to their intentions, and well-beloved Sir George Rose, Knight, Clement
have been forced into war with her—which we have Tudway Swanston, Esq., one of our counsel learned in
from the first predicted would. be exercised. We the law, Matthew Davenport Hill, Esq., one other of
have, day after day for some months past, main- our counsel learned in the law, James Bacon, Esq., one
tamed that the Aberdeen Ministry were not going other of our counsel learned in the law, Edward Rol-
heartily into the war with the Czar ; and that their Broaynd, Esq., one. of ourd Commissionersh .osft our Courtl ofd
Edward Cooke, Esq., arri er.at- aw, and
great object, instead of punishing him thoroughly, George Carr -td
Carr Glyn, Esq., Greeting :
would be to inflict upon him the least possible ~ Lereas we have deemed it expedient, for divers
amount of harm. That has manifestly been the good causes and considerations, that a commission
principle on which they have acted hitherto ; and should forthwith issue to inquire and ascertain whether
'on that principle they appear determined to act to in any and what particular, the bankrupt law, as it now
the end of the chapter. We have no doubt that exists under the Bankrupt Law Consolidation Act,
when the time comes for a full revelation of all the 1849, requires amendment : Not know, ye, therefore,
circumstances connected with the matter, it will be that we, reposing great trust and confidence in your
found that our commanders by sea and land have zeal, discretion, and integrity, have authorised and ap-
received private instructions to deal as gently with pointed, and by these presents do authorises
the Czar as possible, and not harm him more than point, you the said Spenc Horatio p , iraGndeoragPe
Rose Clement Tudway Swanston, Matthew Daven .
can be helped. port 'Hill James Bacon, Edward Holroyd, Edward
What we have thus, in every impression of our Cooke and George Carr Glyn, or any four or
paper, said for months past, will be found fully veri- , ,
more of you, to inquire and report whether the
fled by the article in the Times of yesterday. No one alteration of the Bankrupt Law made by the said
but Lord Aberdeen himself could have written Act of 1849, establishing class certificates, has
such sentences as these :—" We can, and.we do, wage or has not been productive of benefit ; and whether,
war for other purposes than glory or conquest ; and with the view of obtaining uniformity of prat-
we are content with results that add nothing to our tice in the different courts of bankruptcy as to the grant-
dominion and little to our fame. So, then, wo are ing of such certificates or for any other reason, any and
but addressing ourselves to the usual temper and the what alteration of the present enactment on the subject
would be desirable ; and generally to inquire whether in
prescription, of our country when we say that we
any and
v in what other particulars the Bankrupt Law as
are not assembling this day to ask simply for success itn-'now exists under the last-mentioned act requires
to our arms and the destruction of our enemies. amendment ; also to inquire whether any and what more
We ask that no nation should be crippled of its just effectual means can be adopted for obtaining a more
powers, or humbled of its proper rank and consi- efficient check on the accounts of the official assignees,
deration. It is the melancholy nature of war that and for preventing the misapplication by them of the
it can only act by means revolting to humanity, by funds coming to their bands ; also to inquire as to the
the sword and by fire, by massacres and conflagra- cause of the diminution of the fees and funds now by law
Lions, and by a thousand hideous forms of death, applicable to the payment of the expenses of the Court
mutilation, and. suffering. But when we prefer our of Bankruptcy ; and it appearing that those funds are
petitions to the Giver of all Good, it is not that He now insufficient to discharge those expenses, to inquire
will enable us to do the utmost possible harm. We whether such deficiency is likely to be permanent ; and
ra that the hood we ropose to ourselves may whether, having regard to the quantity of business trans-
p y acted by the Courts of Bankruptcy, any and what reduc-
be brought aboutb p
as speedily-, effectually, and
tion of the establishments of those courts, either in Len-
harmlessly as may be." don or in the country, can safely and properly be made,
Is it not humiliating and lamentable to think, or any and what other measures adopted for meeting
that such sentiments as these could be expressed in their expenses.
a journal professing to be pervaded by English feel- " And for the better discovery of the truth in the pre-
ings,—which is printed in the English language, miser, we do by these presents give and grant to you, or
and published in the English metropolis ? What is any four or more of you, full power and authority to
to be expected from a Government which can thus, call before you, or any four or more of you, such and so
through its organ, openly admit that in the war many of the commissioners, officers, and clerks of the
said courts and all such other persons as you shall judge
whither commencing, we shall he content with results
which will add little to our fame ? Why, surely if necessary, by whom you may be informed of the truth
in the premises ; and to inquire of the premises by all
no other result should spring out of the war, it
other
will be conducted with a skill, a spirit, and bravery ~
3,..lwnadfwu ways a
el
do hereby means
whatsoever.veliocgrant unto
to
you, or any
on the part of our army and navy which will at four or more of you, u 7.1 power and authority to cause
least add to our military reputation. But to
all or any of the officers and clerks of the said courts to
cherish that belief we now find would be a mistake. bring and produce before you, or any four or more of
The Times tells us, in plain terms, not to expect you, all books, papers, or other writings belonging to
that we shall add aught to our fame. The obvious the said courts, or to any of the officers within the same.
conclusion to be drawn from this is, that our cons- " And our further will and pleasure is, that you do,
manders, whether by sea or land, are not to put within one year after the date of this our comtnissio,nr, olrl
forth, in all their force, the material might and sooner, if the same can conveniently be done (using a
diligence),
majesty of England.
They are merely to give the Czar such a taste of " Certify to us in our Court of Chancery, under the
hands and seals of you, or any four or more of you, what
what we can do, without absolutely doing it, as you shall have done in the premises..
will convince him that be is not a match for us. y
"And we further will and command, that this our
We must not on any account go to work with the continue in full force and virtue, and
commission shall
vigour and the courage which, in former conflicts, that
covered our arms with glory, and raised our mili- shall and may from time to time
g therein you our our commissioners, or any four oriiml oreoefxyeocuu,.
tary reputation to the highest height, because we tion thereof, and of every matter aon
could not " add to our fame" without doing the tained, although the same be not c ntinued from time to
Autocrat considerable "harm." He must not be I time by adjournment.
assistance in the due execution of this
harmed on any account. The loss of our fame, or, "And
commission,for
Harmed wohavema
de choice of our trusty and
rather, the want of au addition to it, is less than our
e.l
i_beio,
ed
Francis Savagee Reilly, Esq., barrister-at-
the weight of a feather compared with the infliction
of anything deserving the name of injury on attend
to be secretary to this our commission, and to
attend you, whose services and assistance we require you
Nicholas. to use from time to time as occasion shall require.
And, as our soldiers and sailors are to act in ac- " Given at our Court at St. James's, the 23d day of
cordance with this feeling, so the Times expressed August, 1853, in the 17th year of our reign.
" By her Majesty's command,
a hope that the nation would yesterday offer up
special supplications to the Great Supreme, to the `` PALMERSTON."
effect that Russia should not "be crippled of its It is statetd itn wh ell-informed quarters that several
just powers, or humbled of its proper rank and very impotrhan ct auges have been recommended.
consideration." And, if the people took their cue One of . -
.ma tors most carefully considered by
from the Times, they must yesterday have earnestly the Commissioners was, we are told, the question
prayed that the objects we have in view might be of the classification of the certificate. At present
brought about as harmlessly as possible. there are three classes of certificates, one or other
No one who is cognisant of the connexion which of which, if the certificate be not refused altogether
subsists between Lord Aberdeen and the Times, it is imperative on the commissioner to grant. A
can, after this, be any longer in doubt as to the first-class certificate is granted where, according to
way in which the war—if war, under such circum- the language of the schedule of the Consolidation
stances, it can be called—is to be carried on. Act of 1849, the bankruptcy has arisen wholly from
The Czar may repeat as often as the opportunity unavoidable losses and misfortune ; a second class,
offers, the butchery of Sinope ; lie may fire on our where it has partly so arisen ; a third class, where
vessels even when a flag of truce
the failure is not at all referable to such a cause.
may seize the goods of our Minister is unfurled ; he
at St. Peters- To this classification Lord St. Leonards, as well as
burg, after ignominiously expelling . him from many professional and non-professional men, are
Russia; he may insult us in every conceivable way, opposed. They are for its entire abolition. Upon
and inflict upon us every possible amounti of injury the other hand, most of the Commissioners, and,
—he may do all this, and as m uca more as he t we believe, the great mass of mercantile men who
pleases ; but we, instead of reta l. iating, are to act i have paid attention to the subject, are decidedly
on the Christian principle of returning good for in favour of classification.
evil. For his insolence, we are to render nothing if we are not misinformed, the Royal Commis-
but words of kindness ; in return for his blows, we 1 sioners have (inter ittruntque tent) recommended,
are to pat him on the back, a.nd merely tell him to that instead of three classes there should be only
be a better boy for the future. On no account 1 two.
must we think of punishing the Czar. He must By the Consolidation Act it was provided, in
not be harmed in any way. order to keep pauper bankruptcies out oom f
ban k cour_t,
In this extraordinary article of the Times we see that no trader should be allowed to become -
4 complete explanation of the past incomprehen- rupt on his own petition, unless he could show

TIE BANKRUPTCY COMMISSION.

assets. to the. extent_ of at least five shillings in the
pound clear Of all charges.
We believe the commissioners have recommended
the abolition of this provision.
—Against the enormous expenses of the court we
have often and earnestly protested, and have re-
peatedly called attention to the charges of official
assignees, messengers, &c. If we are not mistaken,
the reasonable complaints of the mercantilecom-
munity upon this head have not been disregarded.
Tt is anticipated that some very decided_recom-
Meriilations will be made in acCordance lAth. the
bulk of the(eVidence of the Commissithiers.

It is also expected that recommendation will
be made to mitigate' flieseverity of some of the
penal clauses of the Consolidation Act, which it
must be admitted, especially as regards speculating
in Consols, &c., are unreasonably severe, and,
indeed, by their excessive severity, like other
harsh laws, defeat their own object.
We have been informed that the report containn
a recommendation that there be a very decided
reduction in the fees and charges of the Court of
Bankruptcy, as well as a diminution of the staff.
If this he so, the Commissioners will have done
good service ; for, if the Courts of Bankruptcy are
to be maintained at all, it cannot be as they ar•
now constituted. So far as expense is concerned,
it is in many respects much worse than the Court
of Chancery now is.
As to the bankrupt's " balance-sheet," and the
charges of a class of persons termed accountants,
we trust and believe that the Commissioners have
yielded to the wishes of mercantile men, as well,
indeed, as to the dictates of common sense, in recom-
mending that the bankrupt should himself make
out, his accounts.
The court broker, we trust, for sake of propriety
as well as economy, will be sent about his business ;
and we shall be much disappointed if the Commis-
sioners have not made some very energetic remon-
,. etrances regarding the emoluments of messengers,
Land the mode in which they are remunerated.
As regards the commissioners, the Consolidation
F Act provides that, in London, no vacancy be filled
until their number is reduced to four. There are now
five. Three would be amply adequate to discharge
even more than the work done in Basm. ghall-street.
Whether the Royal Commissioners have made any
recommendation on this head we cannot say, but
as to the country commissioners, it is admitted
upon all heads that half the number would do the
business. Here, too, we anticipate the
commis-
sioners
have directed the pruning-knife.
It is needless to extend our speculations or an-
ticipations further at present. Much is expected—
justly expected—by the mercantile community from
the able men of whom the commission is composed.
We believe and trust they will not be disappointed.
—Morning Post.

THE LOSS OF THE TAYLEUR.

The loss of the unfortunate ship Tayleur may yet be
turned to the benefit of future navigators if the evidence
taken before the Liverpool Marine Board and the report
of the meeting be duly considered. Much of that evi-
dence turns upon points of a far too technical character
to be intelligible to the general reader, but of the genera
results we may fairly speak. Time was when the boldest
of the old Greek mariners—the men with heart of oak
encased in triple brass—never ventured to leave the
coast for one moment. The simple practice of these
primitive sailors was the direct opposite of our own in
more modern times— they ever hugged the shore.
Whether the shore was a lee one or not mattered little
to them, for they took excellent care to keep so close
that even in the presence of an approaching squall they
could beach their little craft, and haul her up high and
dry, ere the force of the gale was felt. An iron-bound
coast they would only pass in settled weather, and even
then the bold inaliseuvre was executed with fear and
trembling, and with many a sly promise to Poseidon if he
would get his servants cut of the scrape. So it happened
that Ulysses spent ten years on the accomplishment cf
distance which even the Austrian Lloyd's boats now per-
form in as many days. So the Pheenicia,n merchant bound
for Gades would follow the windings of the Mediter-
ranean seaboard on either side, sever venturing to
stretch across a bay, or let go of the land even for a
moment. Other nations followed the same principle,
and with the same results. At length a time came
when the surface of the untried and pathless waters was
reclaimed to the use of man. A little instrument was
formed, which, with a certain degree of accuracy, indi-
cated the position of the ship—or, at least, the direction
to which her head was pointed, even when the great
heavenly luminaries were obscured. Doubtless, great
errors prevailed. The nice calculations of variation
were reserved for more modern times, and even now
remain most imperfect. Still men were scarcely aware
of the full extent of their own ignorance, and were
therefore bold. They rushed into danger, and his com-
pass bore the mariner safe to his destination. Wrecks,
no doubt, occurred to a most lamentable extent, but
these calamities were not registered, then as carefully as
they are now. Enough, however, was gained to increase
the audacity and 'stimulate the ingenuity of mankind.
Each year has brought its contribution to the sum
of scientific knowledge in this matter. Now the
variations have been registered—now a plan has been
devised for correcting the errors of the magnetic telltale,
as it was affected by the iron which entered into the
ship's construction. Men who were not called by their
especial vocation to "go down to the sea in ships, or
follow their business on the great waters," were left to
the pleasing illusion that far more had been gained
than the circumstances of the case would appear to
justify. When the sun or moon, or certain stars are
visible, what with his sextants and chronometers, a
modern navigator should be able to prick down his
exact position on the surface of the vast ocean with as
great certainty as a London cabman might feel with re-
gard to his whereabouts when urging his impetuous
Hansom along Piccadilly. But, even when all these
aids are useless or paralysed by surrounding darkness
and storm, and the seaman is left to his dead reckoning
and his compass, with but a few helps to calculation
from one or two other primitive contrivances, we
could scarce have imagined that he could have been
so completely betrayed to his own ruin by his own
compass as appears to have been the case with Captain
Noble, of the Tayleur, when that unfortunate ship
was cast away in the Irish Channel a short while back.
This officer, by the unanimous verdict of the Liver-
pool Marine Board, appears to have been free from blame
in the entire transaction. He was, they tell us, a man
who had passed his examinations with the most distin-
guished success ; in point of fact, a man remarkable
among his class for superior dexterity in handling a ship
under trying circumstances. The suggestion that the
Tayleur was short-handed appears to be negatived by
the evidence taken before the Board. The people were
a little clumsy, and did not work well together at first
—the well nigh invariable case of a crew when picked
up from all quarters and just thrown together. Captain
Noble says, emphatically, that he considers them to
have been " efficient." The report of the action of the
vessel herself is not quite so satisfactory ; it does not
seem that in any instance they succeeded in getting her
fairly about by tacking, hut were always compelled to
adopt the alternative wearing her in order to get her
round. Still, when the most is made of the deficiencies
of the Taylenr in such respects, they are not sufficient
to account for her loss. The real cause of the calamity
was the condition of her compasses. So says Captain
Noble, and the Marine Board of Liverpool endorse his
explanation to its fullest extent. With regard to his
nap 0, again, Captain Noble, before starting ex-
compasses, again,
bounds of the caution usual among profes-
sional men. He confided all the arrangements to the
man of most note in the port of Liverpool ; he endea-
voured to check the results at which this person had
arrived by independent means. He got compasses from
other makers. He tried to find out if there was any
spot on board his ship where the deviation could
not be felt. When his ship was being swung by
the tide in the river Captain Noble was always
busy with his compasses ; when he got to sea
he steadily observed the bearings of headlands
and lights to test their accuracy. All this, and much
more than this to the same purpose, will be found in the
report of the Liverpool Board of Inquiry. Now, what
was the result on the morning of the wreck ? The steer-
ing compass, and a compass which had been placed in
front of the poop, differed from each other by two points.
When the captain came to look into the matter he came
to the conclusion that the compass in front of the poop
had been thrown into error by the proximity of the mizen-
topsail sheets, which contained more than two hundred
weight of iron chain, and which had been displaced when
the sail was sheeted home. It should he added, in fairness
to Captain Noble, that the weather was so overcast with
haze that lie had no chance of getting an observation,
and so was left to his guess. The result of it all was,
that he fell foul of Larnbay Island at a time when he
thought he was running freely down mid-channel.
Here follows the extraordinary part of the report :
"This Board would call particular attention to the fact
that numerous instances have been brought under their
consideration of compasses having proved greatly in error
on board of both wood and iron ships while navigating the
Irish Channel, and which deviation is not accounted for by
any theory at present."
This is strange enough, but other instances are quoodteend
of the like kind. On board of the Niagara,
steamship, a change of four degrees occur!•aedwohoTtohes
Teneriffe changed her magnetism in
occurred.
sngof this
a point and a-half. Neither the prinrcai
deviations,
donosf
mechanicalporta nt science,
arrangement
rdetailsresult can
that such irregularities arc confin
same thiphges occur at
ao-fgapinstpetdi
compass is a
are at all fixed. There can be noodretaosotnhefolrrsiushppcohsinani
notehl.er
portions r ttihoenrse
guide. We do not wish in these re.
most uncertain
into the case of the Tayleur. We are
be stated in a foefnwoth words—the OoeruadbrStti tstlll Ce surface.
mariners
marks to enter
prepared for the moment to believe that the ship was
good, the crow better, the captain best of all. The
enrnpasses were of the kind and quality supplied to the
Queen's yacht—still, scarce had the Tayleur left port
when she blundered upon an island on one side of a
wide channel. Cannot our scientific men suggest a
remedy.—Times.
_

THE FIRST OF THE ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON FOR
THE BALTIC.—The first of the Royal Yacht Squadron,
for a cruise in the Baltic is the Shark, schooner, W.
Curling, Esq. She has arrived at Ramsgate, and will
be off in a few days. Other yachts, we hear, will