The Sun.
London, England, 1838-09-10 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE S LW.

Strt—The public are under great obligation to you for pub-
lishing Mr. Pateinoster's letter to Mrs. Scott, and also for
your remarks on Friday evening.
1 feel with you, " it is hoped it will not be lost sight of." As
no other paper has taken up your benignant view:, I hope
you will 9bield hint, notwithstanding he is immured within
the walls of what is called a lUnatie ASYLUM, which may be an
imprisonment for life, and produce that very disease it may
be in•cnde d, or prrtendcd, to prevent.
Any man or woman possessing property, with 'le-hat rela-
tions may call insanity, but, perhaps, only eccentric.ty with a
harrrauss disposition, and yet a tendency not to improve, but
to lessen, his property—may be, it appears, legally or ILLE-
GALLY, suddenly taken prisoner; and, if of an exciteable or
nervous temperament, be driven to insanity by the associations
arri deprivations of a lunatic asylum. If a large and expen,ivw
eAablishment is taken and superintoJed by one or two medical
men—it is of course their interest to have the house filled with
inhabitants, and ought to be very closely watched.

AN ECCENTRIC.

CHARGES OF LUNACY.

TO THE EDITOR OF TILE SUN.
Esteemed &r—l find in the Morning Chronicle of yester-
day a letter, dated the 3d inst., written by a Mr. Bristow,
with a view of justifying the treatment of Mr. Paternoster. I
am not in the habit of taking any thing for granted because
simply asserted and acted upon b/ some persons—proof,
REASONABLE PROOF, can alone satisfy..me, and, in all cases of
the nature of Mr. Paternoster's, humanity must imperatively
demand it. I have already written that lam not influenced by
any knowledge of Mr. Paternoster, the awfulness of any pos-
sible wrong-doing in such a matter irresistibly requires grave
and unwavering attention until strict justice is done. Mr. Bris_
tow alleges that heretofore some persons have considered Mr.
Paternoster insane. Wbat of this ? They might not have had
any sufficient or tenable grounds for their opinion at any past
time ; the matter might have proceeded exporte then, this
ought to he gone into mote pro tune or de novo, if relied on an
amounting to any thing that should prejudice the person then
so charged is a matter now charged against him. All impar-
tial persons will readily cede that state or character at one
period is no fair or safe evidence of either at another, Bristow refers to some trust deed, giving a poser to confine
Mr. P. 1 should like to sea a copy of the singularly curious
dozument. What a precedent ? Who could the grantors be,
in whom such a right to seize as a Moo, and confine in a ma-
niae's dungeon a human being, was vested, and who, possessing
it, conveyed it to trustees ? Mr. Bristow states that the nte-
gistrate was not to blame—in effect, that he could not do
more than he did. No cases are, however, given to prove
that this is the law. Mr. Bristow pleases to condescend to
wt ire so, but does not think fit to trouble himself to cite a case
in support of his dictum, and I shall not waste time in citing
cases to show that Mr. Bristow is not infallibly profound in
legal knowledge. Lord Tenterden's opinion, stated in my
first letter, will show you son Olina of the law. Supposing
(for the sake of argument) Mr. Bristow's opinion of the law
to be earrcct—will such a law be allowed to remain any
longer unaltered ? Is it tolerable ? Who would like, by pos-
sibility, to come under its operation? Ought, oN ANY AC-
COUNT, such a law to exist? Let Mr. Bristow defend it if he
can I But, without discussing further what is the lawar,dwel
t ,1:,,i gnillyshm and
e n
which fi r m
ly ap
t
know what is the practice in eases of alleged lunacy,
jury can alone fi'osid, and ei all
which is not denied to the most ferocious criminals!
o set f
roi ar 1
I am, esteemed Sir, your's, respectfully,
_pbryotection tO the per
ason
E
Bth September. HUMANITY.
.
its in cedes."
nick, it cannot be said " Paternoster yt
P. S. I have forwarded a copy of this to the Morning aro.

DOVER, SEAT. 9,—Lord and Lady Hapand and
a numerous theßeYaovrekr,Hotel
Captaint his
Madg..ntrnin g
Thefor
naval
int
zuthcrities paid every attention to the noble personages.
teas placed at the disposal of his Lordship b
ordersy
The
from
i, e r Alajsty'a suite
packett
the Board of Admiralty. Lady Knighton and
suite, Captain an Mrs. Seymour and family, Mr. and Mrs.
tert the Eante hotel far Brighton. The tows
PPearanee for these few days past; Bove,.
rattsF;:al.ifis4mnailtl'''' tesC-I;lats:°'se tbeireft: and tr,any ( f the best houses are to let.
Towards the Onotusion of a paragraph relative to
the vi 4414 apposition of the Episcopal Priesthood to the Re—
#istricirun thus on cts, a misprint occurs. The sentence ought to
have:—" The privesi et likclividuals has beau scoop—
dalously invaded,"

SPIRIT Ok"rilE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

~..,~

,•
To a real thorough-bred egastor, who looks to get a
living out of his trade, there is no misfertune so great as I
the concession of his demands. If there were no food for
d•scontent, there would be no food for him. His business
therefore is to demand not what may he granted, but what
must be reflesol. By that polies- he obtains the csedit of
uncompromising zeal for his couetry, and he keeps the
machinery always going for himself. The reader who sets
out with this clue will avoid the error of supposing that
the demands of sir. O'Connell, as just now. put forth in
his authorized Journal, the Dublin Pilot, extravagant
and ridiculous as they are, have been madly or loosely
made. Not at all. He looks out a-head, he sees that
his Cabinet is infirm on its legs, and that any smart
blow aid overset it. With its downfall away go his
patronage in possession, and his Chief Justiceship in
contingency. Something safer and reore stable must be
grappl. il. The rent, after all, is the thiug to cling to.
Sorer iens and Parliaments may be undeceived, and Lords
Lieutenant and Home Secretaries left without the means
of rewarding faithful service ; but the altar will always
hold a begging-box while grievances can be supplied to the
priest. Trump them up, then, by wholesale ; vamp, coin,
forge, without stint. On all that fabricate mass rear a
pile of proportinnete demands. The last Session of Parlia-
ment was an awkward one ; nothing done of all that had
been boasted ; no justice achieved by you for Ireland ;
the tithe-conversion acquiesced in without the pro-
mised adjunct of appropriation. These deficiencies
must be handsomely made up ; in proportion as your
late deeds have been slender, your new demands must
be monstrous. Everybody must be made to under-
stand that you are now in earnest ; and your budget of
stipulations must be stuffed large enough to last you for
lite. Such counsel would the Agitator receive from
the demon whom be still has served ; and on such counsel
he has acted. After requiring (in a parenthesis) " a consi-
derable alteration in and addition to the Ministry," which,
all things considered, is a very unkind cut, he exacts
Household Suffrage, Triennial Elections, Ballot, and Sti-
pendiary Representation ; and these, not for Ireland alone,
but for the whole United Kingdom. We were not aware
that the Member for all Ireland had been elected also
Member for alt England and all Scotland, Perhaps the lion
and the thistle may not quarter into his escocheon so sub-
missively as he assumes. But he passes rapidly to " the se-
cond or local branch of his demands, which is justice to
Ireland." The first of these local exigencies is the
" total abolition of tithes, root and branch, in name
and in aaturc." That is, the total subversion of the
Protestant Church in Ireland. Not for the benefit of the
Roman Catholics, for he professes to desire the endow-
ment of no faith whatever, leaving each to the support
which it may be able to derive from the voluntary principle.
He knows that the property thus to be cut off from the
Church would simply fall back into the pockets of the
landlords without the smallest benefit either to the State
or to any religious persuasion ; so that this is a mere
piece of gratuitous insolence to the Church Establish-
ment. But the subject is well selected for the basis
of a demand, because it is one at which he can still cut
and still come again with a perfect certainty that his re-
quisition will never be conceded. Lord Grey told the
Whig Cabinet some years ago, that the Protestant people
would be too strong for that. The Whig Cabinet have
felt the truth of what he said, and have slunk back from
their weak and wicked attempt upon the Irish Church ;
and this moment of acknowledged defeat is selected by the
Agitator:as the season for putting forth new postulates, more
monstrous even than those which have just been baffled.
The claim he next advances is for a Municipal Bill,
"such as our united brethren of England and Scotland
enjoy." His uninstructed countrymen most probably
suppose, that there is some one constitutional measure
which English and Scotch partake, but from which
the Irish are excluded ; whereas the feet is that
England has one municipal measure of its own, with
a certain pecuniary qualification—that Scotland has
another of its own, with another qualification, and
that a third, with a qualification yet different
from both the former, was proposed for Ireland
and rejected by Mr. O'Connell himself. Next, he
will have an addition of fifty or sixty Members to the Irish
representation. Why, such an elongation of the tail would
make it equal to the coil of the serpent in the northern
mythology, that circles the whole earth ! Then, a local
Legislature, such as the representative colonies enjoy. The
ground on which these colonies are permitted to have a
local Legislature is, that, by reason of their distance, they,
can return no Members to the Imperial Parliament. Bu
Ireland, according to Mr (Mennen's constitution, is t°
have a Parliament it London, and a Parliament in
Dublin too. A total abolition of the Bank of Ireland
monopoly. The Agitator, though bent on glory, has
rt;11 " a frugal mind." He has an Irish bank of hi
own, called, we believe, the National Pro,incial Bank of
Irel. nd. An alteration of the Irish prison system. It may
very possibly require reformation, but this depends on de-
tails which are not before us. A larger share of the money
voted for public works, and " an immedate grant o' at least
our mil Lon pcr annum from the public Ti casury towar,ls
completing, four great railway arteries, north, west, south,
and east," wider the management, no eoubt, of CW1311:13-
FlO :era to he appointed en Mr. O'Connell's recomenemla-
lion. " Four g-eat a-teries" for England to bleed into.
What are these a-teries to circulate ? Jobbing into every
qu n ter of the island, nothing else. A furlong of levelling
here, a forlong there, through the land of some indigent
O'Conneliite squireero to keep the neighbours from
beg;ing at the slated house. A lean, er, in politer language,
an advance t) this engineer or that contractor, who hos
pot into debt by helping at tile list election. When a
cou t has traflic enough to be in need of railroads,
railroads will grow out of that traffic, without draughts
on the public Treaseri. But neither traffic, nor railroads,
nor any other produce or channel of commerce, will you
hive in Ireland while the whole unied and industry of the
prop's are tilt( retro:sly excited and relaxed by poEthsal irer,i-
tettion. It is by these demand rats thenselves, by Mr,
O'C noel; and his instruments, that all healthy occupation
is checked ; that the popular attentioa arid interest, whieh
ought to be bestowed upon the labeure, arts, and means of
ii"e, are distracter:) to qusstions of political theory aiel party
warfare. The loose, profligate satellites of agitation---
lows who End it easier to.spout than to work—swollen
with drink, and conceit of their own political importa tee,
keep up the flame by constant farmiag. The lealers pay
them in patronage or promises, and, when both are run dry,
come to the English with a demand of money, to be squan-
dered upon idle ness in the name of industry. And all this
is permitted and countenance •I by a Lord Lieut.: nant, won
complacsntly credits himself for the pro,purity and quiet of
the country, while the great move of the mischief is boast-
ing openly of the mass which he liohls ready to exphide,
and braving and bullying the British Parliament with the
threat of well-counted ins ria.ls, ready for anti )n, and hardly
repressiliie from immediate outbre tic !—Times.
A recent event of a melancholy aid fatal character, in
twa wer_, sacrificed, recalls our atteation to a
suhjact to which, though in the turmoil of political cootro-
versy we have baen dii °stet! from giving it as in tie) atten-
then as we should have wished, our anxious solicitude has
long been d.rected. The event n11,.:(1.:.,1 to is the, death of
two individuals who fell victims to the foul air generated
in a newly-made grave iu Alilgate Church-yard ; and the
suhject thus recalled to our attention is the neces ay of
protecting the health of the metropolis front the noxious
effects of cro vded church-yards iu d-n-ely populated
neighbourhoods. The state of some of the metropolitan
church-3,4n', bits loag been such that their vicinage is not
more injurious to the health than it is revolting to the
feelings of those within its range. Oa this account we
are most desirous that the public cemeteries established
in the neiolnhourbood of town should be used on every
possible or convenient occasion. The expense of the
ground, as well as of the distance of conveyance, presents
to the poor an almost insuaerable barrier against their hav-
ing recourse to these distant burial grounds ; but this diffi-
culty might be obviated by convenient cemeteries being
provided by the State, which might also afford assistance
to those who might by the straitness of circumstances be
incapacitated from having their deceased friends conveyed
to a distant grave-yard. It is rot more essential to the
health of the metropolis than to its general convenience
that the receptacles of the dead should not be in its imme-
diate bosom. Such is the effect of the effluvia from
grave-yards on some s nsitive individuals, that they can-
not approach the neighbourhood of burial grounds, without
experiencing sensations of the- most oppressive and over-
powering character. 1:1;is wasv,l particularly the case
with that singular indivit ual , no, a few years ago,
acquired so much notoriety, Caspar Hauser, who always
on approaching a grave-yard suffered a difficulty of respira-
tion amounting to syncope.
With such evidence of the in-
salebrious influences of it
the ex dations of grave-yards on
animal life, it would he superfluous to d.lateo.n the
eligi-
bility of their removal from a crowded metropolis. In con-
nexion with this suiiieet there are several other nuisances
which it would be most desirable to have removed or
abated. Many of these we recently indicated when dis-
cussing reports male to the House of Commons, on the
power of overseers to make assessments for objects ex-
traneous to the relief of the poor. If the Legislature
would in its unwillingness to proceed with reforms of a
more political diameter, address itself to the better regu-
lation of matters of this kind, the public might receive their
efforts as some compensation for their gross deficiency
in
other respects.—Morning Advertiser.

The " Citizen-King" is rot likely to raise his character
in the eyes of enlightened Europe, or to give additional
security to Isis throne " of July" by the system of pet!),
persecutions by which he endeavours to hunt the family
of Bonaparte from the free soil' of Switzerland. Nothing
can be more paltry in its motive, more undignified in its,

character, more mean and dishonest in its mode of execu-
tion, than the policy which the " King of the Barricades"
has adopted to.vards an ancient people, whose history is
associated with some of the noblest struggles for
freedom that ever excited the admiration of mankind.
What is the motive which Louis Philippe has for
adopting his menacing and 'bullying tone of policy
towards Switzerland? It is ostensibly to drive from a
hospitable asylum within the mountain-fastnesses of
freedom a member of the family of Napoleon whom
his own persecutions alone base raised into polifeal
importance. We believe he has another and, perhaps, a
stronger motive in recommending himself to the especial
favour and protection of the Autocrat of Russia, by en-
deavouring to crush the independence of Switzerland, and
chase liberty from her mountain throne, consecrated by
glorious recollections. But whether his motive be merely
to persecute one who bears the name of a man to whose
genius France was indebted for surpassing glory, or to
recommend himself as a fit instrument of despotic ambition
to the great absolutist of the north, it is equally paltry and
contemptible, and only such as could actuate a little mind,
and one wholly destitue of all true notions of regal dignity:
Then, as to the means adopted for carrying that perse-
cuting and illiberal policy into effect, are they not worthy
of the motive and the object ? Who does not remember
the affair of the French spy Conseil, when M. Thiers, the
pseudo Liberal was Louis Philippe's favourite minister?
Could any thing be more disgraceful to the government of a
great nation than the base plot then conceived by the French
Cabinet for complicating the Swiss Government with other
powers in order to justify a predetermined attack upon her
independence ? M. Thiers was a great admirer of loan-mon-
gering liberalism beyond the Pyrenees—while he resorted
to the most discreditable practices to crush that spirit of
ancient freedom which, for ages, had made its home within
the romantic land of the Swiss Cantons. He met the re-
ward which he de-erved, by being most unceremoniously
ejected from the councils of the Sovereign when he assisted
in his crusade against Helvetian liberty. We trust the
people of Switzerland, true to the principles which ani-
mated their heroic ancestors in their victorions struggles
with Austria and Burgundy, will not allow a Representa-
tive of the House of Orleans to dictate to them upon what
terms they are to extend their hospitality to strangers.
No ; the people of Switzerland, we are sure, will rather
encounter the hostile arms of Louis Philippe, if he should
dare to invade their free territory, than drive from their
soil any stranger to whom they have given an asylum, whe-
ther he be naturalized as a citizen of their State or not.
But Louis Philippe will not dare to put his insolent threats
in execution. Let Switzerland be true to itself, and the
spirit and determination with which it upholds its indepen-
dence, while securing for it the respect of Europe, will
make Louis Philippe pause before he attempts to violate its
independence.--.lllorniag Herald.
The curse and the failure of all military operations dur-
ing the present contest in Spain have been, that the mili-
tary spirit on both sides has been wound up merely to
the degree necessary for resistance and defensive war :
when either party ask more than this of their troops, and
lead or urge them to the offensive, then that party is surely
beaten. We have often made the remark. How success-
ful were the Carlists as long as their efforts were limited
to repelling the enemy, and profiting by such advantages
as his imprudence might offer ; whilst from the moment
that foreign gold and councils induced them to besiege an
important city, or to march forth to the conquest of Ma-
drid, their strength and skill became useless, and they
themselves fell into such dissension and exhaustion, that a
year's repose has scarcely restored them to the strength
which they had two years since. The same is true of the
Queen's army, the successive commanders of which have
speedily learned and eagerly adopted the rule. Cordova
and Espartero both entered upon command with spirit,
and not without access ; but the former soon inverted
his blockade system, whilst the other, without
any system at all, has certainly adopted it as a
maxim to fight as seldom as possible, and never
save when forced to it. Thus sanctioned by experience
and theory, the passive or do-nothing system of warfare has
become so established on both sides that the attack of two
petty forts, Penacerrada and Morella, the one successful,
, the other unsuccessful, form the only military feats of the
present year. At the same rate of progress the war may
last to the 20th century at least. The march of political
events has contributed to render this state of things pos-
sible. At first such sentiments prevailed in Spain as liberal
enthusiasm, political effervescence, and warm sympathies in
the fate and fortunes of one's cause. These seem to have
evaporated. The Basques avow they care not for Don
Carlos, and prove it by refusing to fight, but yet they
coldly calculate that worse might follow if they were to
submit to the Queen. And there they stand with Don
Carlos as their chief, by sufferance, and awaiting for time
or some accident to bring about the denouement, with
which they will not charge themselves. Amongst the Libe-
rals is to be found certainly a stronger attachment
to the great man principal of the Liberal cause, but at
• the same time an apathy towards the men and the me ins
employed to support it that to es is searee'y
The Moderados and the more wealthy of the citizen: Lase
sececeded every where, in Ma,!rid as in Bercelotta, in Cadiz
as ie Saragossa, to crush and ste• press the truly ppular
Marty. hare exeelled the people from the
pdities, from the National Guard, from the eloctioes. And
• wliat ha' been the conscq tenet'? Why, that. they have killed
popular spirit too. The juste miilieu reigns in Spain as it
does in France ; but the flute milieu which may weli ke:p
Louis Phi'ippe on his throne is quite unequal to estab:ish
Christine and Isabel. But if th jusle milieu is un tb:e to
conquer, or even to gavel's, it is still able to exist. It is
Ile those fish whosesole energy and life consist in sticking fast
to the rock or the sulstanee to which it is attached. ()Cana
is one of those sluggish animals, and stick ie (Zee he seil,
the tide of' affairs being toe weak to wash bins f.-orts Li
hold, whilst no person could be at the trouble to poke
him from it. This apathy and crony of the L h••rals have
allowed military nein nande.-s as brainless as Of .1-e to hold
the beton of command by the sans right of ine. Mess that
he holds the military sceptre. Espa to •o has some 80,000
sol Tiers. Ile contrives to provide times with porridge and
keep them in obedience by giving them no fighting, or not
mo-e than suits the Spanisn soldier. And so he is 1 ked
by his troops ; they support each other. All that Espar-
tern requires is a Government at Madrid that will supply
bias w.th money, because without money neither Espartero
nor his troops eels sleep comfortably on the Ebro, heir;
without pantaloons or support. Therefore Espartero mu t
have money, and when the Nlini;ters do not send hie,
money he menaces or orders stud Ministers to be dismissed.
Now, how long will this system of a sh epy neral and a
sanding non-fighting Armycm:tinue to suck the last vial from
the resources of liberal Spain ? Why, as 1 mg as the
central Government has money to st.nd hies, and
ao longer. We alum t ni.h th it the hour of tl.a
no longer were come ; for then we should gut rid of M.
()Celia and Gems] under Espartero, and the whole race of
sluggards. We should have armies and generals forced t
aso their efforts and their trite, and we should bare a po-
pular p irty that would take arms and fight, without pey
ing troops not to fight. In fact, we should see the te..l
revolution and genu'ne resolutionare resistance begie,
which, whenever it does, liberal Spin will as soot rid her-
self of her Pretender as liberal Fleece did of he re. A part
of this juste milieu, stalu quo, system is a fear of ever
changes; a general. Esea- taro, sly people of this kind,
has no talent, and little ene••gy ; but where would eoil
find a better general ? If he were displaced to-mor-
row, a worse wou'd succeed hm. The same is said
of orue—end thus, from timidity, a set of incapable
otlicers are allowed to is este away the last military
resources of the country. When Cordova resigned
he thought that no one could be got to succeed him.
Every one admitted that Espartero was incapable of com-
mand, and Espartero admitted this himself ; and yet•Es-
partero has done quite as well as Cordova, just as Ribere
or Alaix would do quite as well aselfeepartero, being all of
the one passive school, to which, tattfertunately, they have
so traine•l their soldiers, that the war has literally gone
asleep. The Madrid people are much cast (1 isvn because
Oran hadsrnoortcaber
ntkeri
j/I,lorella • and s e t wh has his success
,
Such a blow a; would crlealr'aiand
ish set
.eatrth efsd.Liii sty •
I he .ceel
the conception of either really
tpvand‘l.cootsuisviio(ibiti greatliyeeb.aendNs ka
triedrialvnl
zes‘tvp,y,
ahoiisni
shouldpt ow aersdre were
itabeis;ettbl 'veeh
be 'gfi asben oesooerhs'mpgeseleindlle:i
jelas:lraso ?s;f
h
if ytonehte
nately, in addition to the timidity of triedhbresoeretlfow's nb u?CinoAuusnrilt(Ltrall'neusYl.
Government, she is tied by the timidity of another Court
and Government. French influence forbids a change, lest
bring
change
riogiot mightbel:x i
os chance
'Thus
excitetb ear.
anxiety
t ycoamfmtioite:o!Qi
Queen
Regent is netwally dirt.cted towards the present safetyl of
placedc r
Cordovado a relianceo rmade
I,commander for the titn
herself and her daughter ; and for this she hase
being,
along
honourable
e othems,3
ofa Courtos 1v ei
,11:!t influence.E i.
neert tw
g, on
pester° has beat induced by it to tura political
intrgu. r,
and this not for his own interest or designs,
. but merely. as
the tool of more designing people. In addition to the timi-
dity of the Regent, the cupidity of certain people around
her Court forms another eeiOus obstacleito the choice of
proper Ministers and defenders of the •
naart onal cause. The
Camarilla must be paid, whether the
It lately intercepted 60,000 dollars that themy store
Prime or not.
ter was sending to the army. It must haveits
shar
in every loan ; and it is this knot of serving men and
women who make themselves arbiters in deciding whethe-r
M. A,guado or M. Rothschild make the most advanta-
geous offer. But all this system of inanity, timidity,
and corruption is fast drawing to a close. The Go-
vernments which have acted on such have destroyed every
possibility of a loan, or of getting money on public credit,
whilst they have just alienated the very last resource on

which it was possible to reise a theusand pounds.
this last resource is gone, which it will in a month or two,
the financial caterpillars of Spain will soon vanish with the
green leaf that fed them. We shall hear no more of
Count Torero's reeurning to Madrid, nor of couriers to
and from the houses of great capitalists. The Queen
must then have recourse to the truly patriotic party,
sod these men will not be again gulled as they were
before. We look with considerable anxiety to this
eri,is which is approaching—a crisis produced by the
neh or Moderado school having gone to the full
length of their efforts, and finding it impossible to
go farther. We have no doubt whatever of the final suc-
cess of the Liberals, and of their rejection of that compro-
mie e which the Moderedos at the last gasp will seek to
force en the country, a compromise that M. Rothschild so
notably reckoned on the other day when he sent to Don
Carlos to ratify his lease of the Almaden mines. But
Austria will not be permitted to impose this yoke
on the Peeinsula, even in the case of France being weak
enough to )ield to the views of Prince Metternich. The
spirit of Liberalism may be dormant but is not extinct in
Spain, and we look with confident hopes to the results of
its speedy resurrection.—Morning Chronicle.
Few things can he more contemptibly ludicrous than the
didactic pomposity and vulgar pedantry of those who pub-
lish themselves as, par excellence, " philosophical"politi-
cians. These egregious specimens of human weakness had
their origin amid the misty clouds of vanity which surround
the heads of Scotch Whigs and economists. These wor-
thies, who have done more than ever human creatures
did before to bring the formalities of reasoning into ridi-
cule and contempt, have created a host of imitators in all
parts of the kingdom who are—if that be possible—even
more absurd than the originals from whom they copy.
These people, instead of telling you that " twice two make
four" (in the event of it being expedient to assert that
recondite truth), would acquaint you with infinite gravity,
that by the arithmetical process of multiplying the
number two into itself, the double of that number, or the
number four, will be found to be the result. As it is we
find them every day endeavouring to instruct us that the
man who devours a considerable quantity of bread will have
to pay some sevenpence three farthings more for it in the
week, if he devour in London, than if he devoured in Paris :
but instead of informing us that Monsieur Tonson, in the
Rue St. Honore, sells his four-pound loaf for so many far-
things less than Mr. Thomson, in the Strand, they cau-
tiously inculcate upon our understanding that, indepen-
dently of fiscal burthens, the wheat of London must be
dearer than :the ele2at of Paris by the amount of freight
and charges which attend the conveyance of it from the
cheaper country to the dearer. It is curious to see how abun-
dantly satisfied they are of their superior wisdom, when
they occupy time in showing how a thing must be so and
so, when not a hundredth part of the time, nor any trouble
at all, is necessary to prove that it is so, or that it is
not. Sometimes, however, they bays a knack of ac-
counting for things, which, however grand it may be, is
exceedingly wanting in the virtue of intelligibleness. They
are not content with letting you know what the price of
a manufacture is, but they must needs add upon all oc-
casions of discussion what it is that determines the price.
An ordinary men in his simplisity is apt to think that pro-
bably a great variety of little matters may enter into the
adjustment of the price of articles. First, there is the
cost of manufacture—then, whether the articles happen to
be in fashion or not—whether the merchant is a cheap
man or a dear man—whether he lives in a high-rented
shop or a low-rented one, and so on. But your philosopher
looks with a deeper gravity (he never smiles) at your un-
learned simplicity, and oracularly pronounces that " the
price of manufactures abroad determines the price at
home." You have but to learn the price abroad, to de-
duct from that the charges of transmission and for dues,
and straightway you have the price at home determined
It is in vain you explain to such a sage that last
week you bought a penknife at Namur containing thirteen
blades, and the smallest corkscrew imaginable, for four-
pence three farthings less than you should pay for just the
same sort of commodity in Sheffield. Your pompous in-
structor scorns your little fact which you have so snugly
disposed in your waistcoat pocket. He reiterates his prin-
ciple, quotes Mr. M'Culloch's notes to " Audam Smeth,"
and—but that he has forgotten the way—would blush for
yonr want of " enlightenment." It is these ludicrous con-
ceited prigs who babble about " liberaulity," and when
swelled out of a morning with muffins, the Morning
Chronicle, and its long and much be-lauded quotations from
the Scotsman, seem to think, and no doubt do think
themselves the monarchs of the in!ellectur.l and poll-
liaical In very truth they are the most egregious
asses in Christendom, save in this particular, that they well
know how to take advantage of their political patrons hav-
ing od places from time to time at their disposal. These
are the idiots who talk about the time when" universal in-
telligence" &hall make " universal suffrage" a very proper
this g—taking care, however, to observe (because universal
suffrage would by no means suit the book of their official,
• p trons) that much has to be done by education before
universal intelligence is arrived at. They also assure us
that, as fast as men are sufficiently instructed to be able to
jw!ge accurately of all the colitical cAiscoin 'nces of teeir
act.,, they :•lioulcl be admitted to political power. Excel-
t )rs these ! Why do they not tell 115 that as
soon as men come to be furbishel with two hr als each,
:n. tead of on.•, there will be a great access:on of business
among the hat-makers?—Morning Post.

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