The Sun.
London, England, 1854-12-21 00:00:00

No. 19,419.]

PUBLICATIONS.

MR. KNIGEITON'S NEW WORK.
Now Ready, in 2 vols., 215., bound,
TROPICAL SKETCHES ; or, REMINIS-
CENCES of an INDIAN JOURNALIST.
By W. KNIGHTOX, M.A., Author of " Forest Life in Ceylon."
Burst and Macke% Publishers, seecessors to Henry Colburn, 13,
Great Marlborough- street.

THE SECOND SERIES is Now READY OF
THE ROMANCE •-OF THE FORUM ; or,
Narratives, Scenes, and Anecdotes from Courts of Justice.
By-PETER BURKE, Esq., of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law.

In 2 vols., 215., bound,

" We cannot hesitate in recommend ng this as onn of the most
interesting-works that have lately been given to the public."—Morn-
ing Chronicle. •
Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13,
Great blarlborough-stryct.

Now ready, for Christmas and the New Year, post Bvo., cloth,
richly gilt, price 10s. 6d ,
F
Adventures
ailt h
ina Sun.
l a Descriptive ; or,
crptlveLoveStory of that relates
l to those
Poetical, Refined, and Extraordinary People who Dwell in the Otb
of Light.

London : Chapman and Hall, 193, Pic'adilly.

TII-0-RSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 21, 1.854.

70:0 N
DA.T N
ys.BbLaiAing ..—CHRISTMAS
eetlsr.
Cul • ALBERTHOLI-
DAYS.—miring I.
SMITH will give his MONT BLANC, HOLLAND, and up the
BUINE, every morning and evening, at Three and Eight (except
Saturday evening.) Stalls cal be taken for any of the representa-
tions at the Egyptian Hall, every day, from Eleven to Four.

TO THE ELECTORS OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF

NOB WIC a,

GENTLEMEN,
Am called upon most unexpectedly to address
JL you, by circumstances which necessitate the termination of my
position as one of your representatives.
The 'Government recently desired my advice and assistance !n pro-
moting the facility of transit in the Crimea, and I had no hesitation,
with my p irtne,s. Mr. Brassey-and Mr: Betts, in•devoting to it our
best energies.; acting simply as agents on behalf of the Government,
and 'without the slightest pecuniary profit or benefit to ourselves.
In carrying out this arrangement, and during its continuance, I
find that by a strict interpretation of the Act- Whin incapacitates
Morph as of Parliarhent from being concerned in any Contract or
Commission•on• behalf .of the Government, I may have brought
my, elf within the operation of its,clauses, althOugh I have not in
any way infringed upon the true spirit or mea tog of that law.
If I absented myself from the House, I should avoid any legal in-
conveniance'; but I feel that while such in portant questions are
und.n* consideration, I should be wanting in duty 1* you by such a
course, and I therefore feel no hesitation in returning to y on the trait
you have reposed in me; and this becomes the more imperative from
the indefinite time in which I shall be enga;ed in carrying cut those
duties I have voluntarily undertaken.
Be assured I shall ever cherish theTecolleetions of our association
with the greatest pleasure ; and though we are, by an accident, no
longer connected as constituents and representative, I shall ever feel
the greatest interest in the prosperity of your city.
' I am, Gentlemen,
Yours most falthfullyM,
• S.MORTON PETO.

NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.

The Duke of Wellington, 131, screw-ship, is expected
to come into Portsmouth harbour, to be docked and
refit. The flag, blue at the fore, of Vice-Admiral Sir
Charles Napier, remains hoisted, Sir Charles having gone
to town on official business only. The wind blowing
very strongly, the Duke has struck her topgallant masts.
The Royal George has taken up moorings on the
south shore, up Sheerness harbour, near Blacketakes.
The Cmsar, 91, screw, Captain Robb, at Devonport,
came into harbour on Saturday last, and was on Tues-
day taken into the basin at Keyham, to make good
defects.
Blenheim; 60, screw blook-ship, arrived it Spithead
on Tuesday evening, and comes into harbour as soon as
she has discharged powder and shell.
Penelope, 22, paddle, Captain Caffin—The unfortu=
nate gunner's mate (Geo. Powell) died within two hours
after his reception at Haslar Hospital. Particulars of
the accident were given in yesterday's Sun.
The Odin, 16, paddle-wheel steam-frigate, Captain
Francis Scott, arrived at Woolwich on Tuesday from the
Baltic, and again went down the river a short distance
to enable the engineer department to report on the
state of her engines.
Intelligence has been received at the head-quarters
of the Woolwich division, to which he was attached, of
the death of Captain William Mackay Heriot, serving
as Captain of, the Royal Marines in the Majestic, 80,
screw steam-ship. The gallant officer was within 11 of
the number required to be promoted, when he would
have been raised to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He
died on the 11th inst., on his passage home from the
Baltic.
The Gorgon, 6, paddle, Commander Crawford, came
alongside the dockyard jetty yesterday to receive a de-
tachment of Riflemen and stores for the Crimea.

going en briskly in many parts of the county of Devon. 1
At Exeter there are men belonging, to the Royal Artil-
lery, Royal Marines, Coldstream Guards, Bth Regiment
of Foot, &c., busily engaged in enlisting for their several
regiments"; and by the offer of an increased and liberal
bounty, and by dint of their exertions, a great many,
men have been enrolled—especially in the three former
regiments. - Earl Fr.rteseue, the colonel of the Ist Devon
Militia, in a;idressing that regiment ou Tuesday, told the
men that they could volunteer into, any regiment they
pleased, but they were not to do so until an officer, un-
der the direction of the general cam mai,ding, the district,
was sent down to take charge of ail volunteers. That
arrangement had been made for the, express purpose of
preventing the inconvenience that would arise from re-
cruiting parties coming among the men, and he (the noble
earl) would not therefore give a discharge until an officer,
so authorised,,should come to take charge of them. At
the conclusion of the noble lord's address he was warmly
cheered.

The apot of the nth Regiment has been ordered to
proceed from Waterford to Limerick ; and the depot of
the 13th at Clonmel is to give a company to Waterford,
a detachment from which will be sent to Duacannon
Fort.

The_following drafts ar,rived. at Cork on Monday even-
ing, from Fernley :-
30th Regiment, 2 officers, 1 serjeant, 50 privates.
83d ~ 3 ,f 2 ~ 95 ~
49th ~ 1 ~ 1 „ 66 ~
50th 0 ~ 0 „ 17 „
.68th 1, 0 „ 1 „ 44 ~
The following arrived yesterday, from Temptemore
418 t Regiment, 2 officers, 2 serjeants, 107 privates.
47th ~ 1 1 „ 66 „
55th ~ 1 ~ 1 12 38 „
The following arrived yesterday from Birr :-
57th Regiment, 3 officers, 0 serjeant, 8 privates.
67th . 2 I? 1 ~ 18
_,
The above drafts are all to embark in her Majesty's
ship Omar, which left Devonport on Monday, to be sent
to the seat of war.

THE MILITIA.
On Tuesday the 24 (King's Oiii)'EFafforeliiiitrii
Militia, Col. E. R. Littleton, mustered for permanent
duty at Oxford.
The Ist Warwick Militia also came out for permanent
duty at Warwick on Tuesday. The volunteers mustered
in considerable numbers. _ .

Yesterday the usual notification was issued by Capt.
Sherson, the Adjutant of the regiment, that the Royal
Berkshire Militia is to be embodied on Monday, the Ist
of January next, at Reading.
The Royal Bucks (King's Own) Regiment of Militia,
under the command of Colonel Lord Carrington, in con-
junction with two companies of the 94th Foot, are still
in garrison at Windsor, supplying the guard for Windsor
Castle and Frogmore. It is believed that they will remain
at Windsor throughout the winter.

OLD COURT.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.—Dec. 20.

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.
BIRDIE F. FOSTER-ALLEGED LIBEL.

This was an action for libel,
to which the defendan
pleaded not guilty, and a justification.
The plaintiff conducted his case in person ; the At
torney•Gleneral4ir. Edwin James, aad Mr. Peter:
dorff represented the defendant.
The plaintiff in this action was the proprietor of a
newspaper published in Dublin, called the lVorld, and
the defendant is the editOr and publisher of the Exa-
miner newspaper. It appeared that the plaintiff had
brought an action, which was tried in the courts of
law in Dublin, against the Earl of Clarendon, for
moneys alleged to be due in payment for his exertions
in writing articles in his paper in support of " law and
order," at a period when a considerable political agita-
tion was going on in Ireland. The facts on which Mr.
Birch founded his claim are so well known that it is
unnecessary further to refer to them now, but it will be
sufficient to say that, in consequence of the facts which
were elided in the course of that trial, the defendant
published au article, reviewing all the matters, in the
Examiner, in which ho severely condemned the conduct
of the plaintiff. This was the libellous article complained
of, for which the plaintiff now sought compensation in
damages. The plaintiff opened his case at considerable
length, and went into details as to the position which he
occupied in respect to Lord Clarendon.
Lord Palmerston was then called, and was examined
as to the correspondence which had taken place with the
Irish Executive with the object of showing that the arti-
cles in the World were not of the nature alleged. Mr.
Birch then proceeded to question Lord Palmerston on
the subject of the motion in the House of Commons
made by Lord Naas, but the Lord Chief Justice ruled
that such questions could be put. The Earl of Claren-
don was next examined, and gave an accdunt of the
various proceedings which had taken place between Mr.
Birch and himself, which have been so frequently laid
befora_the public in the actions which Mr. Birch had
brought against the Irish Executives.
The plaintiff's case baving,concluded,
The Attorney-General addressed the Court on behalf
of the-defendants, in a speech of remarkable
which occupied two hours in delivery. The various ar-
ticles published in the World newapaper "rem thettr-ptit -
in evidence, in support of the plea of justification, as
were also the indictments against the plaintiff, on which
he had twice been committed to prison for 6 and 12
months for libels. In further support of the justifica-
tion, Mr. Robertson, Mr. Martin Burke, Mr. Christo-
pher Campion, Alderman Moyland, and Mr. Tyndall,
were called as witnesses.
Mr. Birch then replied on the case, entering into
much irrelevant matter, for which he was frequently
called to order by the learned judge. •
Lord Campbell, in summing up, said it was a question
for the jury whether the article complained of was a
malicious libel, or was a fair comment on the public acts
of the plaintiff. They would consider whether the de-
fendant had, in his strictures, exceeded due bounds. As
his lordship was about to go over the evidence,
The foreman intimated that they would not trouble
him, as they had already made up their minds to return
a verdict for the defendant.
Verdict for the defendant on both pleas.
The Court did not rise till a late hour.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER.
:sittings at Guildhall, before Mr. Baron Martin and a

Common Jury.)
WILLINGALE V. HOLLOWAY.

The jury returned a verdict for the defendant in this
case, after a consultation of five hours.

RANDALL V. THE WOOLWICH STEAM-PACKET COMPANY.
Counsel for the plaintiff' Sergeant Slice and Peters,
dorff i for the defendants, Mr. Hawkins.
This was an action for compensation for injuries re-
ceived on board a steamer, belonging to the defendants.
On Sunday, the 9th of July last, the plaintiff, a boy
aged 15, went on board the Sylph, Gravesend packet, in
the company of some lath of his own age, with the inten-
tion of going down the river. The boat was crowded to
excess, and standing room was scarcely to be had.
T
he party placed themselves in a corner near the
longing to the vessel that if they would remain there
till they got past 'Woolwich they should then be allowed
and wore told by one of the people be-
cook:shop,
to get upon the paddle-boxes. There was a large caul-
dron of boiling water standing
at the door of the cook
s'nop, upon a sort of grate supported by three legs.
When the order was given t• let go, the vessel was
obliged to turn astern in order to get clear of some other
craft. In doing so she grazed against a barge, and
lurched to such an extent that the cauldron canted, and
was precipitated with all its contents upon the plaintiff
and his friends. Nearly every member of the party was
more or less scalded ; but the plaintiff was so horribly
injured that he was oblied to be immediately convoyed
to St. Thomas's Hospital. There he has been confined
to bed ever since, and will not be able to resume his
trade for some weeks yet.
of one of the boys He was earning 7s. a week
at the time he was disabled.
It was attempted to be proved, in evidence, that the
accident would never have happened but for the careless-
ness The jury, ho who, it was alleged, placed Ins
foot on the cauldron'
in order to climb up to the
paddle-box.
however, found a verdict for the plaintiff-
Damages iO/.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.

LIVERPOOL, DEC. 20.

(Before a Special Jury.)
BOVILL V. num.
A verdict has been found for the plaintiff in this case

ClbYur.n.)
(13
eCfoOrUe
MRINTr
R. OEC Foivm.BmilAi.sNßsi:oKunßeArvvUGEPsoT.ti
The bankrupt was P. chemist and druggist, of the
Strand. His debts are 2,200/. ; assets about 2701.
This was the certificate meeting. There was no oppo•
sition.

His Honour said the bankrupt, being in a deficiency
of 1,400/. at the commencement of 1843, he ought they
to have placed himself in the hands of his creditors.
A. man in such a position ought not to increase debts
without telling the creditors that be had, as it were,
a leaden collar round his neck. As the bankrupt had
kept satisfactory books, and creditors had borne favour-
able testimony to his conduct, the Court would grant
an immediate certificate, but it would be ono of the
third class.

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ficate he would be the mcst: fortunate man that had ever
come to Basinghall-street.
His Honour said the quasi ion was had the bankrupt
denuded himself of his pro perty in contemplation of
bankruptcy and absconded? The case was one of a very
humorous class, that the C.oc.rt must, if possible, check.
Having denuded himself oe. everything by means of a col-
lusive arrangement with a ,friend, an arrangement that,
the bankrupt having go t through his difficulties, he
should be restored to his original place and position, he
had absconded.- It m littered not whether the pro.
perty thus disposed of was much or little. It was the
duty of a trader to save that ho could for his -credi-
tors. He bad thought a t one time durieg the hearing
of the case to have refuse d the certificate altogether, but
he wizs always unwillie If; to pass a judgment that
amounted to perpetual excommunication from trade.
The certificate of the ban krupt would be suspended two
years, and when granted ,be of the third class.
Protection was grant id.
IN RE 'iIHOMAg WEBB. _

The bankrupt was a di stiller and corn dealer, of West
Ham, and connected in business transactions with Da-
vidson and Gordon, to w hose failure his bankruptcy is
attributed. His account s commence October 31, 1853,
with a surplus of 16,1191.., and close with unsecured cre-
ditors, 34,778/. ; secured,. 5,000/. ; good debtors, 108/. ;
doubtful ditto, 44,9081. (this sum consists wholly of the'
bankrupt's claim upon Davidson and Gordon) ; pro-
perty at Jersey, 5,0011. ; ditto bold by creditors, 4,7461.
This was the examination meeting.
On the application of Mr- Linklater an adjournment
was ordered, with a view to give time to investigate the
accounts.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT—Dec. 20.

raneis B. Newton, and William P. Newton surren-
dered this morning 'to takt, their trial for wounding
Adam Stewart Kerr.
The facts of the case our r eaders are perfectly familiar
with, as they have frequently appeared in this journal
-under the title of " The .Alurderous Outrage at the
Beulah Spa."
The jury returned a verdict of unlawfully wounding,
recommending the prisoner Williams to mercy.
At a later period of the ovelning they were brought up
and sentenced—Francis to nine months in Newgate,
and William to three moßtlas in the same jail.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

MANSION-HOUSE.--/Yr. Mynas Pottinger, of No.
9, Eastcheap, tailor, was charged with having used in-
sulting and abusive language, whereby a breach of the
peace might have been occasioned. Alderman Challis,
M.P., was the complainant..
Mr. Weston attended for the prosecution ; Mr. Gibson,
of Dartford, for the defence.
Chambers, the time-keteper of Gracechurch-street,
said—Yesterday, within ten minutes to four o'clock, I
was in Gracechurph-street, when the defendant called
loudly to me and said, " Where is a policeman I There
is Mr. Alderman Challis, he wants to give me in cus-
tody, and that is what I want. I wish to show him
up." There were several ipersons following. A police-
man then came up, and I saw Mr. Pottinger given in
custody by the alderman.
Alderman Challis said--I was returning yesterday
' from the Brighton Railway Station, at a little after four
o'clock, accompanied by my Bon, and as I approached
the centre of London-bridge, I met the defendant, who
appeared very pale and agitated, and said "I am glad
I have met you. I knew I should catch you?' He
then said in a loud voice, "That is Mr. Alderman Chal-
lis, the greatest villain unhung, and that's his son walk-
ing with him. They are two of the greatest liars in the
kingdom." The defendant appeared as if' he wanted to
get near me, and I said to him, "It you want to pro-
voke me to commit a breach of the peace, I'll give you
in charge of the police." He said that was just what he
wanted ; and that, if I did not do so, he would pull my
nose for me. He appeared to be very much excited,
and I thought he was a little from his mind, and I be-
lieve he is. He then said he would look for a police-
man himself, and he went an seven or eight yards in
advance of me, and appeared to be looking for one.
It was necessary to walk &extremely fast to prevent
a crowd from collecting, and! we did so. On arriv-
ing at this side of the bridge,-'we met a file of policemen,
and I asked them if they were on duty. One of them
remained, and the defendant said to him, - "Alder-
man Challis wants to give me in charge; here I am,
quite ready to be given in charge." I said to the po-
liceman, "If you take him to the station-house, I'll go
there and make the charge before the inspector." At
the station-house I stated what I have just mentioned.
The defendant did not deny my statement, but appeared
to be lather disposed to continue the abuse there. Ido
not know whether ho met me or came up with me on
the bridge.
Alderman Challis, on his cross-examination by Mr,
Gibson, said that what he had uttered upon his examina•
tion in chief was, In the best of his belief, the whole
substance of the observations ,of the defendant, who,
however, used a great many" words upon the occasion.
There had been, be declared, no disagreement between
him and the defendant on the subject of the stata liveries
of his mayoralty. The defendant never said anything
about the state liveries, nor accused him of having or-
dered diagrams of the liveries, and then banded them
over to another tradesman, nor did the defendant say in
his hearing that he was in the habit of going to religious
meetings, and stepping out before the collection.
Aldellnan-Wire, who presided, interrupted the course
of cross-examination pursued by Mr. Gibson as intro-
' ductory of matter which had no reference to the com-
plaint, and of a subject which had been already decided
in the proper place—a court of law.
Mr. Gibson said it was necessary for him to describe
other transactions in palliation, if not in justification, of
he conduct of his client, who naturally felt great indig-

nation.
Alderman Challis expressed his readiness to answer
any questions which might be put to him at the sugges-
tion of the defendant, whom he declared he pitied as a
person be considered to be out of his mind.
Mr. Weston assured the presiding alderman that
there was not a syllable of truth in the insinuations
made by the defendant's solicitor, who had nothing
whatever to do with the cause which had been tried
before a jury, and was a total stranger to its merits.
Alderman Wire, however, refused peremptorily to
allow either the complainant or defendant to deviate
from the course properly laid down for the guidance
of magisterial decision, and said, that he was determined
upon this occasion not to resort to the ordinary plan of
fining the defendant or sending the case before a jury.
A man must not upon any pretext take the law into
his own hands, and the defendant must enter into his
own recognisaaces in the sum of 2001., and procure two
sureties in 1001. each to keep the peace towards Al-
derman Challis and the rest of her Majesty's subjects.
Bail was then offered and accepted.

STOCK EXCLIANGE.—The market opened (lull, mid con-
tinned so. Birkenhead, L'pool., and Cheshire, 12 dis. ;
Caledonian, 302 ; East Lancashire, 17 13-16 ; Lancashire
and Yorkshire, 73 ; London and North-Western, 1001 ;
Man., Shef., and Lincolnshire, 23k; Midland, 68; North
Eastern (Berwick capital stock), 183; South-Eastern, 17;
N. Union A (guaranteed), 229.

UNIF_ERS_

[PRICE SD.

iLIGENCE.

OXFORD, DEC. 20.
MO:OERA7ION AND MATHEMATICAL CLASS LIST.

The following is the award of the examiners in the
Moderati©n Mathematical School
CLASS 1.

Bowden, Jannls, Commoner, University College.
Jackson,
Abra:kam Williamson, Commoner, Worces-
ter College.
Taberdar, Queen's College.
I\l-,qll;house, Jobt..
, ri,
Wheeier, Littleton, Commoner, Wartester
College

c:,ASS

Hawkins, Riward. Scholar, Pembroke Col-

le ge.
Sidgwick, CAI; INtilAtioner, Corpus Christi
College.
Wanklyn, Edward, Commoner, Queen's College.
Wonlnigh, J. 'Doss William, CGlmpeller, Worcester
College.
JAMES BELLAMY,
THOS. It B. SAND,Y.ixaminers.
ADAM S. STOREY,

CAMBRIDGE, DEC. 20.
MORAL SCIENCES nros.-1855.
The examination for the Moral Sciences Tripos
will
beg-in on Monday, February 5, at nine o'clock a.m., in
the Senate-house. Ths order of the examination will
be as follows :

Monday—Moral Philosophy.
Tuesday—Modern History, and Political Economy.,
Wednesday—General Jurisprudence, and the Laws

of England. -
Thursday—Mixed Questions.
COMMENCING BACHELORS' MORAL SCIENCES TBIPOS.
Any student in arts may be a candidate for honours
in the Commencing Bachelors' Moral Sciences Tripos of
1855, who shall have passed the examination requited
for the degree of B.A. after Ash Wednesday, 1854, and
in the Lent Term 1855 have entered into his eleventh
term at lea3t, having previously kept nine terms, exclu-
sive of the term in which he was admitted ; piovided,
however, that not more than eleven terms shall have
passed after the first of the said nine terms.
Any student in law or medicine may he a candidate for
honours in the Commencing Bachelors' Moral Sciences
Tripos of 1855 who shall have passed the examina-
tions and kept the exercises for the degree of LL.B.
or I'J,B. respectively, and in the Lent Term 1855
have entered into his fourth Lent Term after his first
term of residence ; provided that he has already kept

nine terms.
MIDDLE BACHELORS' MORAL SCIENCES TRIMS.
Any student may be a candidate for honours in the
Middle Bachelors' Moral Sciences Tripos of 1855 who
at the time of the examination for the Commencing Ba-
chelors' Moral Sciences Tripos in 1854 was duly quali-
fied in point of standing and other circumstances to be a
candidate for honours in that tripos.
No student of a different standing can be a candidate
for honours'in either tripos, unless he shall have obtained
permission from the syndicate appointed to consider the
cases of persons who have degraded.
Two prizes of 151. each will be given to the two per-
sons who shall show the greatest proficiency in moral
philosophy in this examination among the commencing
Bachelor candidates.
A prize of 201. will be given to the person who shall
show the greatest proficiency in moral philosophy in this
examination among the middle Bachelor candidates.
The special subjects for the examination in moral
philosophy are—Plato, Meno, Republic, B. X. ; Aris-
totle, Nicetnachehn Ethics, B. I. ; Sanderson, De
Obligatione Conscientin, B. IV. (The Rule -of Con-
science) ; Grotius, De Jure Belli ; Prolegomena ; Locke
as a moralist.
All persons desirous of being candidates in this exami-
nation must send their nalfies, with notice of the requi-
site examinations which they have passed, to the Pro-
fessor of Moral Philosophy at Trinity Lodge, on or
before Friday, Feb. 2, 1855.
THEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION-1856.
Notice has been given that the following will be
subjects for the theological examination at Easter,
1856 :
The Historical Books of the Oid Testament.
The Greek Testament.
The Articles of Religion.
The Liturgy of the Church of England.
Ecclesiastical History of the First Three Centuries.
History of the English Reformation. •
In addition to the above, the following will be the
subjects of examination for candidates for honours :
Septuagint—The Book of Genesis.
The First Epistle of Clemens Romanus.
Butler's Anology, Part I.
Pearson on the Creed, Ait. 11.
Paley's Boras Thulium, introductory Chapter, and
Chapter on the Epistle to the Romans.
Subject for the lieLrew Examination—The Book of
Genesis.

MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
The Professor of Moral Philosophy will begin his
course of lectures on Monday, February 12, 1855, at one
o'clock, in the lecture room at Trinity College ; and con•
tinue them every Monday, Tuesday, %Vednesday, Thurs-
day, and Friday, at the same hour. The lectures will
have especial reference to the elements of morality, and
to the special subjects of examination for the Moral
Sciences Tripos in 1856 ; namely, Plato, Georgias, and
Republic, B. VI.; Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, B.
II.; Grotius, De Jure Belli, B. I.; Dr. S. Clarke as a
moralist ; S. T. Coleridge as a moralist.

SOCIETY OF ARTS.

THE NEW BANK OF ENGLAND NOTE.
At the ordinary meeting of the Society of Arts, held
last evening—Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. vice-president,
in the chair—a paper was read by dr. Alfred Smee,
F.R.S., "Upon the Bank of England Note, and the
Substitution of Surface Printing from Electrotype for
the ordinary Plate P;inting." Mr. Smee stated that
the authorities of the bank had determined to modify
and improve the bank note, and that under the direction
of the late governor, Mr. Hankey, a new form of Bank
of England note had been designed. In the new note
great improvements have been made in the paper on
which the note is printed, and, by the employment of
Smith and Brewer's patent, the water-mark has been
carried to greater perfection than heretofore. For the
first time the letters and figures of the denomination aro
shaded, which produces considerable artistic effect, and
greatly increases the difficulty of forgery. Many curious/
details were afforded of the extreme care taken to pro-
tect the public by preventing a single sheet of paper
from being possibly abstracted from the formation of the
pulp at the Bank paper mills, by Mr. Portal, to the final
destruction of the notes.
A now Britannia has been devised by Mr. M'Clise.
and engraved by Robinson, to be used in the place of
the former vignette, and the writing on the new note
is rendered " I promise to pay to bearer on demand,"
instead of " I promise to Matthew Marshall, or bearer,"
as heretofore.
Mr. SME stated that he had proposed to the Bank a
system whereby surface-printing from electrotypesliould
be substituted for the plate printing, and that, with Mr.
Hensman and Mr. Coe, they had succeeded in bringing
typography into successful operation for all the numer-
ous forms of notes and cheques required. For this pur-
pose the Britannia had been cut in steel by Mr. Thomp-
son, and the letters had been produced in the best pos-
sible state of excellence by Mr. Skirving. The originals
are never employed for printing, but are simply used
as mould makers, froze which electro-casts are taken,
by the use of the ordinary Smee's battery and preci-
pitating trough. The electro-metallurgic processes, as
used in the bank, were minutely described, together with
several new points in connection therewith. The bank-
notes by this system are printed at a steam press, con-
structed by Napier, and no less than 3,000 notes are
printed per hour.
The author called attention to the theory of inimita-
bility. He stated that the system pursued by the bank
was so perfect that no forged note had ever escaped
eventual detection. By the new system, the moat per-
fect identity would be insured, and thus traders had only
to pay attention to the quality of the paper, and the
character of the design, to protect themselves. The
author seated that great importance was attached to
identity, but further he considered that the doctrine of
inimitability should be classed with the fanciful dreams
of the philosopher's stone and elixir of life of a bygone
age.
The public were particularly recommended invariably
to take down the letter and number of every note which
came into their possession, as this short memorandum
will suffice at the bank to obtain every particular con-
nected with it.
The paper was illustrated throughout by the means by
which Mr. Smee's system has been carried out, as well
as by specimens of the different parts of the processes
required, and specimens of various denominations of
bank-notes were, by the kindness of Mr. Hubbard,
theiGevernor of the Bank, exhibited to the Society.
After the reading of the paper by Mr. Smee, the
secretary stated that he had received from Mr. W.
Stones some " Observations on the means available for
securing bank-notes, cheques, and similar important
documents, against counterfeit and alteration. This
gentleman considered that protection was to be soughs
t
in the accumulation of checks to forgery, rather than
the superiority of any one particular form of scurity.
He reviewed some of the means more or less available
for obtaining the desired security, treating of them under
the following heads—peculiarities in the pulp or mnu-
faatc t
the
ee ofti hoe paperof
manufacture; ch en ica
or
au
dtceiersd:
marks or devices introduced for thleotpieirrsp
osetho sty le
tinguishing any given paper from al
and subject of the engravings ; and the inks used. in the
printing.
In a communication to the secretary from Councillor
Auer, Director of the Imperial Printing-office at Vienna,
it is stated that they endeavour to prevent the possi-
bility of the forgery of bank-notes, by adopting the com.
bination of processes, including the nature printing
process, each opposed to the other in its manner of
printing.
A vote of thanks to Mr. Smee and the directors of the
Bank of England closed the proceedings,