The Sun.
London, England, 1854-12-05 00:00:00

THE NEW WAR LOAN.

The controversy which is from time to time renewed
as to the expediency of a loan will not be useless if it
tends to clear away some of the popular fallacies which
obscure the subject. A few years since, when the bur-
den of the National Debt was more vividly present to
the minds of men than the objects for which it was con-
tracted, it had become a popular dogma that every ge-
neration ought to pay the expenses which it incurred.
At an earlier period, however, an entirely opposite im-
pression had prevailed. Mr. Pitt's long-continued
popularity was in a great degree founded on the boldness
with which he relied on the national credit for the means
of supporting the war. Then the Minister himself disco-
vered the error he had committed in borrowing too has-
tily and too largely ; his admirers still praised the
heaven-born wisdom which has postponed the necessity
of increased taxation. It would seem that the theories
of 1795 are likely to be once more in the ascendant. The
undeniable interest of posterity in the struggle which
we have now commenced has of late bean dwelt upon
with significant pertinacity. If it were possible to raise
sufficient supplies by bills upon our descendants, there
Would be no want of zealous advocates to recommend
so convenient an arrangement. Yet some check on the
eagerness to borrow may be found in the reflection that,
for every 1001. of loan, we saddle ourselves with an im-
mediate annuity of between 31. and 41. It is perfectly
true that the war against Russia is undertaken for the
benefit of future generations as well as for our own; but
the practical importance of the discovery is limited by
the fact that the same proposition will hold good with re-
spect to every public outlay, so far as it is just and
expedient. The distinction between charges on capi-
tal and those which belong to revenue is altoge-
ther empirical and arbitrary. A judicious proprietor
may mortgage his estate to provide the means of re-
claiming a common, or of thorough draining his farms ;
but he will not overdraw his account at his banker's as
often as a few slates are required on the roof of his
house. Yet posterity may be as much concerned in
finding weather-tight buildings as in an increase of
rental. Both classes of expenditure are prudent and ne-
cessary ; and the only question is as to the most conve-
nient and economical method of raising the money. A
Government must assume that its measures, whether
warlike or peaceable, conduce to the public benefit, as
they are paid for out of the public pocket. But there
are obvious reasons for meeting, as an ordinary rule,
the necessary expenses of the year from the incoming
ev
eastpieocn o special
lf
justification is necessary for the
speculative anticipating future resources.
renue and
operation
The Ministers will, in all probability, reserve their
decision until it can no longer be postponed. At pre- i
sent, the Treasury is fully able to meet all demands ;
and since the commencement of the war, not a single
instance can be pointed out in which the public service
has been starved or stinted from considerations of
expense. The expedition to the Crimea might
doubtless have been made more costly and more
complete, if the Allied Governments had not con-
curred in the determination to try a coup de maim
.against Sebastopol, with the alternative of a regular

It is perfectly true that, at the certain point, the
payment of taxes becomes oppressive, aid the nation
can better endure the appropriation of its accumulated
capital than a further drain on its income. This was, in
fact, the real issue between Mr. Gladstone and his op-
ponents ; and when the interests of posterity, and other
ornamental portions cf the case, ale for the time kept
out of sight, few sober reasoners will doubt that the Mini-
ster was justified in his practical conclusion. The taxa-
tion of 1854 still falls far short of that of 1815. It is
evident that-a more numerous and more wealthy com-
munity can well bear a smaller burcen than that which
the improvidence of the past had accumulated at the
end of the last war. The double property tax is ex-
tremely unpleasant, nor can the addition to the malt
duty be regarded as in itself desirab:e ; but the imposi-
tion of these burdens for a single year relieves us from a
perpetual annuity which would probably have amounted
to 870,0001., absorbing the whole produce of one or more
of the minor taxes which interefere most seriously with com-
fort and industry. The second payment of the war taxes
already imposed will, by the end 0f1855, have redeemed an-
other annuity of equal or larger amount. In three years
Mr. Gladstone's first war budget will have left the coun-
try exempt from a perpetual charge of about a million
and a quarter. If the war should unfortunately continue,
the same calculation will apply ; nor must the accumula-
tion of compound interest be forgotten. The annual
payments on account of existing loans would have been
necessarily met out of the taxes of future years, leaving
a constantly-Jecreasing balance applicable to the public
exigencies.
It is not impossible that further supplies may be re-
quired even in the ensuing spring ; but if it should be
necessary to contract a loan, the prescience displayed
in the Budget of this year will be only the more fully de-
monstrated. The revenue will at least contribute largely
towards the expenses of the war, and one year's interest
will have been saved. The expediency of borrowing must
depend partly on the elasticity of the actual revenue,
but principally on the amount which may be needed.
If fifty millions were required, all the world would con-
cur in the necessity of a loan. Prudent men, on the
other hand, would rely on additional taxation for the
means of providing one or two millions. The practical
limit will lie between these extremes ; bat many consi-
derations must determine the exact point at which it is_
to be fixed. It is not undesirable that the Government
should enter on the inquiry With a certain bias in favour
of the course which involves the greatest amount of self-
den ial. orning Chronicle.

THE CHURCHES MILITANT.

( From the Weekly Dispatch.)

MR. EDITOR,—Every man has his opinion upon the
present war, not only as to its origin, justice, and policy,
but also the manner of conducting it, the wisdom of the
military movements, the quality of weapons and stores,
and the preparations to be made for its future progress.
Questioning, as I do, the competence of 999 out of every
thousand who deliver their oracular judgments upon
matters of detail, I am willing to trust those whose busi-
ness it is to manage them, until mismanagement is
proved, when I shall cry out as loudly as any one for
replacing tho,se who are not by those who are deserving
of confidence—much more of confidence there must be,
if we are to wage this war successfully. Our represen-
tatives, it is to be hoped, will bear this in mind when
they meet, and not be incessantly badgering the Govern-
ment with their questions and criticisms, as they did
daring the last session. - The premature disclosure of
the intention to attack the Crimea, into which Lord
John Russell was worried and entrapped by this species
of tactics, is a memorable specimen of the damage which
may thus be done to our own cause, and of the aid
which may unintentionally be rendered to Russia by the
bustling vanity and the loquacious impertinence, aided
in some quarters by the party spirit of British members
of Parliament. We are put thus in the position of the
card-player who shows his hand, while our opponent
conceals his, and startles us with a trump just as we
expected an easy trick. Let us put the best men we
have to the work, and then strengthen their hands as
efficiently as we can. This will not oondemn us either to
silence or idleness. It will leave many open questions,
and something for everybody to do, if they will but help
on the struggle according to their capabilities.
For instance, the Church might employ itself very
usefully, if those of its agents who are sent abroad would
but deal rationally with the sick and wounded, and if
the great mass of them who remain at home were to de-
vote themselves to the intellectual and moral culture of
the people, to the promotion of prudential habits, and
to the dissemination of geographical, historical, and
other facts, instead of hammering away at their theo-
logical conundrums, and abusing the Queen for listen-
ing to secular music from a French band on Sun-
days, as was recently done by that Manchester fire-
brand, the Rev. Canon Stowell: But the war has
an ecclesiastical aspect as well as a military
one. It is a war of Churches. The Russian troops in
the Crimea have been reinforced by a brace of bishops
and a corps of priests. We are sending out one batch
after another of chaplains and missionaries. Allah and
Mahomet, and the Virgin Mary, and the Protestant
Divinity, are all in the field, as well as the Greek Di-
vinity with St. Nicholas. Heaven is between the two
fres of the praying Powers. There is war above, as well
as war below. As the calibre of our guns is tested, so
is the strength of our devotions. And if there be any
truth or meaning in the- language (profane I hold it)
which priests and parsons use, on bath sides, Divine fa-
vour is about to be displayed by the fate of battles, and
heavenly mansions will be won or lost by the success or
failure of storming fortresses.
The battle of Inkerman tells terribly against theßusso-
Greek Church. The character of an act of devotion was
previously given to that scene . of carnage. Mass had
been solemnly chanted by the bishops. A prelate had
explained to the troops how the English are the enemies
of God. To fall in the field fighting against them was
called being " chosen of God for a glorious death." Men
and weapons were sanctified by Divine benediction. And
yet they were beaten. Beaten by men who rushed to
the field without saying their prayers, and on the Sun-
day too. Heaven smiled upon the Sabbath-breaking.
And our Churches return thanks for the successful of-
fence against God, as they often tell us any work is, if
done upon that day. I confess that all this is as sicken-
ing to me as would be the sight of those corpse-covered
hills and valleys on which went down that Sabbath sun.
One smiles respectfully at the honest corporal, who
writes to his mother that be prays God to be on the side
of the Allied Army, adding, " and I think he is." That
man was nearer truth than be who professed the faith
that Deity always favOurs " le,s grandsbataillons." But
men who have had educational opportunities for larger
views have no right to equally tender treatment. How
does our ecclesiastical staff conduct itself in the camp !
We have their own reports. There is a long and minute
one in the Times of Wednesday, from the assistant
chaplain to the second division of the British forces in
the East. His great concern with the dying seems to
be to ascertain whether they have the true faith. This
appears in a variety of forms. He says of one case, "I
found poor Colonel Blair in great pain and breathing
with difficulty, not expecting to survive the night. He
had been wounded through the stomach. He was in deep
concern for his soul, and timidly desirous to lay hold of
the hope for sinners. He joined earnestly in prayer.
Oh, how solemn to witness the soul's anxiety in its fast-
ebbing moments ! and how anxious the ministerial task
(in so sudden a call) to guard against a false peace, and
yet not withhold the free promise of perfect peace through
Christ." Now, I would ask any man of common sense,
who is not in holy orders, nor thoroughly under his par-
son's thumb, whether this be a fitting treatment for a
dying warrior ? What can the " soul's anxiety" or the
chaplain's anxiety do at that moment either for the past
or the future ? Those who have studied the theological
vocabulary will know what the chaplain's language
means. " False peace" is a trust in God which does not
recognise the chaplain's dogmas. "Perfect peace" is
that associated with a knot of mystical doctrines. And
are these matters to potter about when the life-drops are
falling fast, and the breathings are numbered ! The
soldier's life cannot then be revised and lived over again.
The soldier's character cannot then be remoulded and
cast in a different form, The soldier's creed cannot then

Canon Stowell is a canon that ought to be spiked for
firing on the side of the Russians. Now, when union
amongst ourselves, and union with Catholic France, are.
most essential, he seizes the opportunity to open his
heaviest batteries against Popery and Papists. He
ascribes the very existence of the war to the Jesuits. He
denounces any Royal civility towards the French Em-
peror. • And he calls on Disraeli to lead on the "Pro-
testant" party to the repeal of the Maynooth Grant and
""anbr acts bf aggression-en those whose co raligionists are
fighting our battles and shedding their blood like water.
We talk of John Bright. Why Canon Stowell has not
the excuse for himself of John Bright's peace principle ;
nor is John Bright, like him, the paid servant of the
State to do duty on its behalf in the Church. Yet
there are bigots and ninnies in Manchester who look on
while the one is burned in effigy, and who uphold the
other in Sowing dissension, stimulating persecution, de-
preciating the Queen, distracting her subjects, and thus
doing his very utmost to serve Russia in the polluted
name of the Protestant religion. Nor is be without
fellow-labourers of the same clique. Dr. Gregg ascribes
the "frightful outouring of blood" before Sebastpol
"as a consequence" to the more lenient spirit of our
legislation towards Catholics. He declares that the send-
ing out Roman Catholic chaplains and nuns to the East,,
will " offend the British people an may provoke the God
of Britain." So then, amongst the Czar's allies we may
reckon that section of Church religionists in England
and Ireland which follows the teachings of Dr. Gregg
and Canon Stowell ; and whose organ is the Record
newspaper. It is wall that events have shown these
fanatics in their proper colours. What their Christianity
is worth has long been evident. We are now enabled to
appreciate their decency, their loyalty, and their patrio-
tism.
The devoted heroism of the battle-field, with all its
sanguinary stains, has more religion in it than the cla-
mours of the Militant Churches ; and there is yet the
finest specimen of all in the hospitals of Scutari. The
best embodiment of Christianity which these passing
scenes present is in Miss Nightingale and her band of
nurses. They come not to trouble the dying with
creeds and catechisms. Their mission is one of unmin-
gled mercy. No vow hinds them to duty, but a spon-
taneous obedience to the law of love. They do not,

like certain chaplains, pick out colonels and majors to
attend upon ; their services are for the humblest of those
who fought and bled in the common ranks. Their mi-
nistrations breathe a peace which no priestly benediction
can bestow. They soothe the mind while they mitigate
the pains of the mangled body. With no unchristian
incantations they draw down the spirit of health to
abide in the receptacles of the suffering. The wistful
eye, as it follows their movements, is moist with tears
of gratitude. No distinction of creed or country draws
a boundary line to their universal charity. From no
offensiveness of anguish do they recoil. The thought-
fal preparation, the gentle care and tending, the unfail-
ing assiduity, are for all ; and onwards they move like
the Angel of Pity, who is said to track the footsteps of
sorrow whithersoever they may lead. Humanity canon-
izes them, and a halo beams around their heads. Across
interposing seas and mountains our voices re-echo the
blessings which are breathed on them from the hearts of
those victims of war to whom they minister.

PUBLICOLA..

THE GALES IN THE BLACK SEA.

FURTHER PARTICULARS.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 20.—The disasters of the 14th
are greater even than we anticipated. The following
names may be added to the list of those totally lost at
Bala.klava—Gertrude, Pride of the Ocean, Pyrenees,
and Ganges. The total loss at Balaklava is :

Lost. Dismasted.
British lB 12
French
18 more British are raid to be lost or dismasted at Eupa-
toria or the Katcha.
Commander Bayntoun, R.N., perished in the Prince.
Dr. Spence is also said to be lost. He came out to in-
quire into the state of the medical service.
The Sampson, Rdtribition, and Vesuvius will come
down to Constantinople for repairs. The last is leaky,-
her beam ends are started, and she is not trustworthy
for sea.
A Turkish line-of-battle ship is a total wreck off Eupa-
toria. The flag-ship is dismasted.
The crew of the Henri Quatre are said to be in the
hands of the Russians. Numbers of French and British
sailors were taken by the Cossacks on the west coast.
The Bellerophon rode out the gale at Eupatoria, and
is quite safe.
The rudders of the Queen, 110, and the London, 90,
are badly rung ; but they may be kept at Sea, at least
for a time.
Five French line•of-battle ships have lost their rudders
and received other injuries ; they will be brought down
to Constantinople in tow.
General Liprandi broke up from Balakla.va, with his
army on the 11th, and retired beyond the Tchernaya,
breaking down the bridge.
The Danube steam-tender is thrown up high and dry
in Kamisch Bay.
It is said to be decided that Admiral Stopford shall
proceed with the British sailing vessels to Sinope to pass
the winter.
Captain Inglis, of the Engineers, was lost in the
Prince. It is said that several officers are lost in the
vessels off Balaklava.

ANOTHER ACCOUNT.
About 10 a.m. the transport No. 20, the Ganges,
began to drive—she having parted her cable. Right
astern of her was No. 1, the Pyrenees, which she soon
fouled ; and a most fearful sight it was. Spars snapped
like rotten sticks ; jibbooms, bowsprits, yards, masts,
all shared the same crash, the two ships grinding
together in a most awful manner. Of course No.
1 soon began to drive, as well as No. 20, and both,
locked together, bore down upon the poor Sampson.
Soon they were foul of her, and the same work of
destruction began, and in ten minutes they cleared from
her, and there lay the bold, defiant little Sampson, shorn
of all her beauty, with not an inch of anything except
her funnels standing, her masts having gone with one
awful crash, and fallen inboard, so that we are most
anxious, though most fearful, to hear of the damages
they must have done in their fall. Her bowsprit is
also gone short off. In fact, she is a complete wreck.
Parting from her, No. 20 brought up, and we hoped
was safe, while No. 1 still drove on towards the shore, and,
much as we pitied her, help was, of course, utterly impos-
sible. While this was going on inside us, just outside us
two French liners (the Jupiter and Bayard) fouled, but
fortunately, or by good management, got clear, with
only a slight smashing of boats and their quarters, and
brought up with four anchors each. About noon the
gale was at its highest, and there was then a cry that
the Terrible had parted. a cable, and was among the
breakers. Every moment we expected she would go on
shore, but soon the paddles revolved, the remaining
cable was slipped, and, right in the teeth of the gale,
steamed out the splendid Terrible. This was the most
cheering sight during the whole of this eventful day,
and a glorious sight it certainly was to see that
steamer going through everything, and proving the
mighty oonquest of man over the elements. Our situa-
tion all the time was most critical. Right ahead of us
were four French liners, one or two of which had already
driven, and if any of them parted their cables our de-
struction was inevitable ; and, to make it, if possible,
worse, there was the knowledge that we could do
nothing, but must patiently abide our lot, whatever
Providence thought fit for that lot to be. We had dons
our all—the result was in God's hands. About two
o'clock the view all around was most distressing ; about
a dozen transports were driving, four or five had cut
away their masts, while only five or six were riding at
all hopefully. Near us was a little brig, which we
remarked as doing capitally, when, all of a sudden,
her masts went over the side ; still she rode on, but
now, alas ! the little ship lies on share with scarcely
two timbers holding together, so utterly has the sea
broken her up. Near us also was the Lord Raglan, a
splendid 'ship, just new, of about 700 tons ; she, too,
rode on most capitally. Close astern was the little
Beagle ; how she escaped being swamped is to me a
marvel, as, although we were not above 100 yards from
her, continually from the height of the sea we could
see nothing but the tops of her masts ; still she rode
on, and although she rolled enough to roll every-
thing out of her, yet she seemed to keep her-
self pretty dry. Astern of her was the Algiers;
she rolled, if anything, worse than the Beagle, and
carried away one cable ; still, she held on, and
this morning steamed out into safe anchorage. All
the steamers had their wheels and screws
welding,goin,
which of course made them much safer, hy

WEDNESDAY—The Lord Raglan is on shore, but taken
there in a most sailor-like manner. Directly her captain
found he could not save her, he cut away his mainmast
and wizen, and, setting a topsail on her foremast,
ran her ashore stem on, where she lies quite upright,
and has now (3 p.m.) rigged cheers over his hold, either,
we suppose, to save his cargo, or to lighten his ship.
The shore is teeming with soldiers, who, however, seem
very friendly ; so much so, that an order has been given
not to fire upon then, fearing lest they should murder
the poor shipwrecked wretches if we do. They are, of
course, taking into Sebastopol any men and plunder they
call get ; but I suppose that is all right. •
5 p.m.—The Firebrand has just fired on the coast.
It seems the wretches were prevented from doing harm
by their impotence, not their will, for they have just
brought down field pieces and fired on the wrecks, and
the Firebrand is trying to keep them off. We were
rather premature in supposing the Russians had become
civilised atl of a sudden. •
- •
THURSDAY, 16th.—To-day broke very fine, with still a
stormy breeze from the S.W. ; the Firebrand still busy
keeping off the Russians, wino continue hovering about
the shore ; and some capital shots she makes, dropping
shot and shell right into groups of eight or ten, and scat-
tering them most effectually ; the boats are all busy
getting men off the wrecks, and we hope that very few
lives are lost here. About half-past 8 a.m. the captain of
the Lord Raglan, a most intelligent sailor-like man, came
on board; he has great hopes of saving his ship, whieh is
nearly unhurt, and he says that the Russians were most
anxious to persuade him yesterday to go on shore, but
he declined, very: fortunately, as every poor fellow they
caight, half drewnect and unarmed as he was, they
handcuffed and sent rays that directly he
lighted his lamp they opened a fire at his skylights,
but fortunately without doing any damage ; he says,
too, that his men, of whom he has 30, behaved most
splendidly, and he has brought them all off. On leaving
us he returned to his ship, and if man can save her he
will do it. One French barque is full of soldiers, and
at them the enemy kept up a continual fire ; the poor
wretches could not leave their position, owing to every-
thing being washed away, so that they had to cling to
the bulwarks for safety, thus affording an excellent
mark for the Russians, who took great advantage of it.
And yet the savages call themselves Christians I At
noon No. 1 was set on fire, we presume, by her crew,
who we know had left her after saving all they could,
there not being the slightest chance of getting her off,
and she is now 7 p.m., burning most brilliantly, and
shedding a lurid light all around her. A splendid,
though fearful, sight is a ship on fire. It belongs to the
same owner as the Lord Raglan, and seems to have as
energetic a commander ; certainly the next best thing to
saving her, which was impossible, was to burn her.
A working party has just started for the • Lord
Raglan, and there seems to be every hope she may
be saved, but no other transport. No. 20 was burnt
last night, and both she and No. 1 are now smoking.
It seems they were not set on fire by their captains, as
we supposed, but by accident. I believe, however, that
most of the cargoes were saved. The French fleet have
all either taken their departure or are on the eve of doing
so. The admiral, we hear, is almost broken-hearted
with the loss and disabling of his splendid ships. It is
rumoured, too, that we are to go into winter quarters,
leaving the steamers and Bellerophon, which, with five
French screws, will make us a match for anything Rus-
sian, if they dare show their noses outside Sebastopol.

MEETING OF LIBERAL ELECTORS AT
LAMBETH.

Last evening Mr. Williams, one of the members for
Lambeth, met a large number of his constituents in the
large hall of the Horns Tavern. Mr. Williams presented
himself to the meeting in company with Mr. Murrough,
M.P., and supported by many influential residents of
the borough, and was received with great and repeated
cheering.. The hon. gentleman reviewed in detail the
political events of the interval which had elapsed since
he last met the electors, and, at the close of the address,
had the satisfaction of receiving a vote of approbation
and of thanks for his services. In the course of the pro-
ceedings Mr. Williams was asked by an elector to state
his views of the English and Scottish beer bills of last
session, and, in reply, he stated that he was opposed on
principle to both, and would endeavour to procure their

•
repeal.
Mr. FREDERICK DODLTON then moved a resolution, to
the effect that the war with Russia had not been carried
on with a due regard to the interests of the Allies, and
condemnatory of the admission of the Austrians into, the
Principalities as an act of extreme folly, if not of ab-
solute treachery, which, by the stoppage of the advances
of the Turks, had been the chief cause of the needless
sacrifice of our troops in the Crimea. The resolution like•
wise expressed alarm and disgust at the recently signed
treat" with Austria, as not being likely to prove beneficial
to the Allies, while it would probably prove inconsistent
with the restoration of Poland, which was necessary to
preserve the stability of Europe. It further declared
that the conduct of Lord Aberdeen had proved him
unworthy of the confidence of the British people, un-
fit to hold any office of trust under the Crown, and
requested Mr. Williams to exert himself in support of
the spirit of the resolution, and to give his adherence
to any set of men who would carry on the war to the
honour of England and the promotion of the liberties
of Europe.
Mr. H. SLACK, in an energetic speech, seconded the
motion, which was unanimously adopted, amidst loud
and reiterated plaudits. •

REPRESENTATION OF MARYLEBONE.—Last night a
numerously attended meeting of the electors of Maryle-
bone was held at the Colosseum Tavern, Portland-road,
for the purpose of considering the propriety of recom-
mending the Right Hon. Charles Tennyso• D'Eyncourt
as a candidate for the borough. Mr. Michell moved a
resolution, approving of Mr. D'Eyncourt as eminently
qualified to represent the borough in Parliament, and
inviting him to issue an address to the constituency.
Mr. D'lflanger, jun., moved an amendment to the effect,
" That as a meeting of the reformers of the three pa-
rishes comprising the borough was to take place, to
select a fitting candidate to represent their principles,
it would be inexpedient to support any candidate by
express resolution." After a very stormy discussion, in
the course of which it was denied by Mr. M'Evely and
other speakers, that Mr. D'Eyncourt had commenced a
canvass, the amendment was carried by a large majo-
rity, and the meeting separated.