The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-14 00:00:00

THE MEDICAL REGISTRATION BILL.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.

The discussion was taken on D. B. Clark's paper,
" On Ruthven's Propeller."
It was contended, that there was no novelty in the
system of propulsion proposed by Messrs. Ruthven.
Benjamin Franklin was among the first to notice it ; he
related, that as a boy, whilst bathing in a pool, into
which a wooden pump had been thrown, to swell the
timber, he got astride upon it, and commenced pumping;
to his astonishment he found that he was propelling
himself across the water ; subsequently he investigated
the circumstances, and admitted the inefficient applica-
tion of power. Sir Isambard Brunel attempted propul-
sion by means of a tube, in which there was a diaphragm,
pushing the water before it, and acting upon a very light
valve on the return stroke ; this was only an elongated
paddle-wheel with an intermittent and inefficient action.
Mr. Bidder tried the system also, - on • board a canal
boat, and although quite aware of the loss of power in-
cidental to it, he expected a compensation from the ad-
vantageous application of steam, as opposed to animal
power.
As to this particular case of Ruthven's and other simi-
lar propellers, it was argued, that the reasoning in the
paper was as totally at variance with the actual results
of the experiments, as with the received laws of
hydraulics.
To shew this, it sufficed to state, that according to the
paper, the useful effect realised, was 64 per cent, of the
power of the engine, stated at 40 H.P. (indicated),
which would give 253/4 H.P. useful effect ; but it was
stated, in the experiments, that the two nozzles were 10
inches diameter each = together 1 1-12 square foot area.
The head of water was 8 6-10 feet= to a pressure of
nearly 5401b5. per foot, or to a total pressure of about
580 lbs., which represented, also, the resistance of the
vessel at 91 miles per hour, giving, therefore, a useful
effect of 14i H.P., instead of 253/4 /LP., as stated in the
paper. _ _

Total power expended, exclusive of the fric-
tion in the water-ways, and of the engine
itself ' ,34 H.P.
The absence of indicator diagrams was regretted, as
tending to throw a doubt on the results ; but it was ad-
mitted that the boiler surface, and the actual consump-
tion of fuel, bore out the statements of the paper.
It was contended, iir reply, that though engine power
was consumed in getting the water up to the speed of
the vessel, it did not necessarily follow that an equal
amount of power was further required to expel the water.
This single employment of power would be arrived at by
properly forming the water passages, so as to avoid all
concussions of the water, by rectangular bends, or by
sudden enlargements, or alterations of form ; and the
desired object was !stated to be so to proportion the
dimensions of the engine and the propeller, that the
effluent speed of the water in one direction would be
equal to that of the vessel in the other. In this case it
' was stated 100 per cent. of the engine power, minus
fractional resistance, would be usefully available.
That, practically, there were situations in which such
a propeller might be found very serviceable. For in-
stance, where paddle-wheels were objectionable, amidst
ice, and in shallow water, where the screw was not
available, and in many other situations, where any great
projections from the sides of the hull were undesirable.
As an example, it was stated that it would be very
desirable, for the purposes of the Fire Brigade, to have
the means of bringing up the large floating-engine.at all
times of the tide and under all the circumstances of ice,
of an encumbered stream, or of shallow water, at a
speed of ten miles an hour, propelled by its own engines.
Experiments had already been made upon one of the
floating engines, which, although very imperfect, were
sufficient to prove the adaptability of the the system to
the wants of the Fire Brigade.
In fine, it was contended that although there still re-
mained much to be done to demonstrate the practical
efficiency of so great an innovation, the experiments
were sufficiently successful to induce further investi-
gations, and which the author was requested to
continue and to report to the institution.
Portions of the evenings of the 14th and 28th of March
were devoted to the discussion of Mr. Yates' paper,
"On the Advantages of Uniformity in European
Weights, Measures, and Coins."
Reference was made to the practical working of the
proposed change of the present currency, to the French
decimal system, and the numerous inconveniences to
which commerce would be subjected in the readjustment
of all contracts, debts, exchanges, &c. The intricacy of
settling accounts would be infinite, and no correspond-
ing advantage would result. The "franc" shown in
the scheme was not in reality equivalent to the French
coin of that denomination ; it was tenpence, and all the
other coins would be equally fictitious.
It was assumed that the first step towards fixing a
decimal system must be, the adjustment of the propor-
tional value of the present coins, and eventually of a
new issue; a corresponding arrangement of the weights
and measures would soon follow. So many proportions
of systems had been published, that it seemed as if every
person who devoted attention to the subject, had tried
to invent a new scheme, rather than to devise the method
of arriving at a decimal system with the greatest facility
and the least derangement of the public convenience.
The following technical points were then considered
with regard to coins :-Ist. The standard of fineness ;
2d. The relation of coins to the denomination, or money
of account, of the country wherein they circulated ; and
3d. The metallic standard.
First. The standard of fineness depended on the qnan-
tity of alloy introduced in the process of manufacture,
or coining. If this were identical in ail countries, great
trouble would be avoided, but it was argued that prac-
tically such an accordance was scarcely attainable, and,
in fact, that a table of exchange values met the difficulty
of the present discordance.
Second. In order to show how difficult of attainment,
would be an assimilation and interchange of British
coins, with those of other countries, it was argued that
in the United States of America, where the currency was
practically based on a gold standard, the eagle, whose
value of 10 dollars, = about 2/. is. English, and the
half-eagle,=ll. Os. 6d., or very nearly the English sove-
reign, it would be necessary to raise one standard, or
to lower the other, in order to do away with the appa-
rent difference of 2i per cent. now existing, and this
would involve the recoining of the whole circulation of
one, or the other country, at a•-certain and great ex-
pense, and at the imminent risk of complicating all ex-
isting pecuniary engagements. It was urged that the
scheme of assimilating the present coins to the French
franc, &c., was equally fallacious ; in fact, that the new
franc would only be tenpence English, and not of the
exact value of a French franc, which equalled 9i pence,
and so on for the rest of the proposed series, thus show.
ing a real difference of 4i per cent., which was too
much to be sacrificed in mercantile, or monetary tran-
sactions.
The dollar was argued to be equally fallacious as the
unit, inasmuch as the various dollars of the several coun-
tries, and even of the same country, had different values,
and not one of them possessed the precise value of fifty
pence English, which had been assumed.
The case of the British North American colonies was
quoted, as an example of the confusion resulting from
the use of similar denominations of account, without
,identity, of value. The result being, that in no two colo-
nies did the nominal pound represent the same value.
Third.- That which opposed the most serious obstacles
was the metallic standard ; there could be no real par of
exchange between countries. without a previous agree-
menat as to adopting either a gold or a silver standard ;
fluctuating.
use the relative value of the two metals was con-
stantlyand in Australia, followed d b
y discoverya n
ebxo
excessive
ega
soi gold in
demand California
for
1
silver, for the East, wmoounalded!roor.ry produce
plaoing silver, as a standard in France,
cuarrcehaaenygoer !tell greatdis
changes ; even at this
hapadpartakenetnlypinlac
e i theprogress was
sheprae tiler': was.
stimhiailacrautonttryhatdwuhriincgh
the 'set -century, ending in the final adoption Of a gold
standard in 1816 ; and it appeared very probable that
gold would become the standard in France, as it was
here. It was presumed that the advocates of the franc
did not mean to, return to a silver, standard, as the
greatest confusion in the monetary system must be the
result.
The pound sterling being now admitted to reptesent
the value of the quantity of gold contained'ih
.a,sove.
agippo-all*in lam ari, eopper win lqiug wre-sokeni,

The following objections to the Medical Registration
Bill of Mr. Brady were drawn up by the committee ap-
pointed by a meeting of the profession, held at the Free-
masons' Tavern on 3d of March, and were presented to
Lord Palmerston by a deputation from that committee
on March 21

It was an error to state, that the maximum of useful
effect was when the velocity of the issuing water was
equal to that of the vessel, or when the water dropped
vertically from the nozzles ; it could be shown, that in
that particular condition there was not any development
of useful effect. The actual operation of the system of
propulsion, was then- shown to be analogous to the
assumed case of a closed vessel of any shape, filled with
a fluid of given density, and under a given pressure ;
it was evident, that so long as the vessel remained in
that normal state, ,no propulsive force would be exerted
in any direction ; the whole being in eptglibrio ; bat on
an aperture, being made in either of the sides of the
vessel, it was obvious, that the area of the opening,
being relieved from pressure, the equilibrium would be
disturbed, exactly by the extent of that aperture, into
the head, and there would be a correspondingforce
exerted in the opposite direction.

i --To apply this to the case under consideration, a ves-
sel must be imagined, containing water under a pres-
sure = to 3 feet, which was the head due to the velocity
of the vessel, in the experiment. By making an aperture
of about 34 feet area, there would be an unbalanced
pressure of about 680 lbs., equivalent to that of the for-
mer statement ; but the velocity of issue would be 14
feet per second, and the power used would be about 15
H. P. But if the aperture was assumed to be reduced
to 1 1-12 square foot = the area of the two nozzles ;
then it would require 8 6-10ths feet head to produce the
same pressure. The 'velocity of issue would be 23 feet
per second, and the power would be about 25 H.P. ;
thus the power required was exactly in the ratio of the
velocity of issue, or inversely as the square root of the
head. - The loss was therefore 60 per cent, instead of 12
per cent., as stated in the paper.
But the fundamental error in the paper was the omis-
sion of the loss of power arising from picking up the
water in a state of rest, and communicating it to the
velocity of the vessel. Supposing the water to be com-
posed of an infinite number of globules, possessing
weight, and being in a state of rest, they must all be
raised to the head due to the velocity of the vessel, and
then to the additional head requisite for propulsion.
In the present case the quantity of water issuing from
the nozzles was 25 feet per second ; this required to be
raised 3 feet, to be equivalent to the velocity of the ves-
sel—demanding, therefore, the exertion of 9 H.P. The
results of the experiments would be more correctly stated
thus : .
Useful effect

Power consumed in raising 'the water to the
velocity of the vessel = 9 H.P.
Power used in propelling the water through
the nozzles

I. Because it leaves all the existing acts of Parliament
'which refer to the medical profession nnrepealed, thus add-
ing to rather than diminishing the present confused state
of legislatioh on the subject.
2. Because it gives no legal title to practise to those re-
gistered under its provisions, but leaves every medical
practitioner exactly as he at present stands ; whereas, one
of the chief objects of medical reformers has always been
the retrospective registration, with an unquestionable
title, of all who are.now•properly qualified to practice.
3. Because,
.as a consequence of the two preceding errors
it aims to perpetuate the existing anomalies in medical
qualification, by recognising the conflicting claims of eleven
out of twenty-one licensing bodies, and by denying to any
one of them the power of licensing throughout the whole
of the United Kingdom. As an instance, it may be men-
tioned that the right of the members of the Royal College
of Surgeons of England to register under the bill is very
doubtful ; and the right to register of graduates in surgery
of the University of Dublin, and of the graduates in medi-
cines of the Universities of London, Durham, Edinburgh,
Glasgow Aberdeen, St. Andrew's, Dublin, and the Queen's
Thirvers‘ in Ireland, is not recognised.
4. Beeanee it affords no guarantee to the public or the
profession, that those persons ho may be registered under
its Provisions shall have been properly edecated, or even
educated at all, for their duties and yet it proposes to in-
vest these Persona with exclusive privileges, and with the
sole right to practise medicine.
5. Because it perpetuates the appellatiohof apothecary,
prowhicfessh hion. as become unsuited to
designate any class of the
6. Because it ignores that Principle of reciprocity of
me between the different
zortions of the United
striven
in, for which medical reformers have so long
BeCillllo its effect would be to PerPetnate a d legalise
the 'anomalous and irrational condition of the 1
i w bY
which the medical profession is at present n conyeuaien, aea
den, instead
Lund injured.
8. Because, even were it a perfect and et
*le for
of a most faulty and unsatisfactory registratatt,_.,:_b
. ill, it
would form an unworthy termination to a long
hiked:iced reform of more than twenty years'
anknAer4 and
`would oArry 'back the question to the point where it.wm
Years ago.
'eft many
yeathereform committee of the Provincial Audi.
9. Because Association
have, after three years of
cal and Surgicallaborious and persevering exertion, framed a. comprehen
sive measure...l of medical reform, the principles of which,
1 efficient registration, have received the
includ.,i.tng„ef:eireaant majority of the profession. ,
eutrnd—er-t-hese'-cirt'ctimstane,es, and for the foregoing ree-
f partial legislation, like the' bill of
Ma°llllT:anjrmn.B
Brady, ise ulue o
nnecessaiy, and would even be injurious.

As to standard measures of length ; the origin of the
metre, was submitted to be more scientific and less rude,
than that of the yard ; and the nautical mile, although
very generally accepted in almost all countries, was
based on the yard, which was merely an accepted, or
arbitrary standard, and therefore should not be the
basis of a system.

As to weights and measures of capacity ; the French
system appeared to be based on such a simple and con-
venient standard, that it seemed impossible not to admit
its advantages, and it was contended that no valid argu-
ments had been opposed to it. All the weights and
measures were, in practice, divided by the binary system
or into halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths ; al-
though it had been stated that such a subdivision was
incompatible with the decimal system.
As Belgium had legally adopted the French system,
and it had been generally received with favour, except
in very remote villages, so it had spread to those of the
German States most contiguous to France, and as its
advantages became appreciated, so would its use be
spread more widely. Convenience alone should not be
studied for any system ; to be perfect, it must possess
exactness, convenience, and uniformity ; and these at-
tributes were, it was contended, eminently exhibited in
the French decimal system.
It was related, that at.atout the period of the intro-
duction of the sovereign to supersede the guinea, when
Mr. Babbage was considering the details of the machine
for calculating tables by difference, he essayed every
other system, but was obliged to return to decimals ;
this turned the attention to the means of adapting the
English coinage to a decimal scale ; his proposition was
to accomplish the end gradually, by the introduction of
a silver coin of the value of two shillings as the unit,—
calling it a " Prince." Then, after a time, to divide
the pound sterling into one thousand farthings ; other
proportional new coins being gradually introduced, as
the old ones were withdrawn. The question of the
most convenient coins for commercial purposes, was
entirely apart from establishing the decimal system.
These views were repeatedly, but ineffectually impressed
on the Government of the day, but the only publicity
given to. Mr. Ba.bbage's views, was in the second edition
of "The Econoiny of Manufactures" in 1832. The de-
lay in adopting some scheme of the kind, had permitted
the issue of nearly eleven millions and a half of half-
crown pieces, and so far had interposed greater diffi-
culty in the substitution of decimal coins for those now
in use.

It was proposed, as a means of aiding in familiarizing,
the public mind with decimal divisions, to have en-
graved on all thermometers, the Centigrade, as well as
the Fahrenheit scale, so that in time the latter might be
dropped and the former be adopted.
It was contended, that for all practical purposes of
commerce, and for professional and scientific calcu-
lations, it would be most convenient to take the
sovereign as the integer, to divide it into shillings of
the value of 10d. each, and the penny into five far-
things ; thus, in point of fact, the whole.of the existing
coinage would be brought as nearly as was practically
necessary, to a decimal system ; and the present coins
would be used, until they were worn out, and they
could be replaced by a new decimal currency.
The objection of the Astronomer Royal to the adop-
tion of the mitre, as a standard of length, was con.
tended to he valid; there was no acirantsge in ohta %-
tag sisucluilowsotronornical awl other obsarn.

. .
LAW WRITERS. —Last
Loup LSONARDS AND THE
evening a, very crowded meeting of law stationers and
Wale interested in the matter was held in the theatre
of the Loudon Mechanics' Institution, for the purpose
of adopting some active measures in order to obtain a
epeedyjand effective redress of the grievances under which
they labour, founded upon the operation of Lord St.
Imonards' order of the 10th of November, 1852. Mr.
J. Robert Taylor presided, and stated that a memorial
from the law stationers had been presented to the present
Lord Chancellor, complaining of the injustice of the
order, but his lordship had declined to interfere in the
matter. Several gentlemen addressed the meeting, and
resolutions were adopted in accordance with the objet
ior.which they had met; after which thc, ccceediags.tir,
tainated.

1 ..

i.

representing certain fractional parts of the pound—all
pecuniary engagements had reference to the pound, and
silver was a legal tender, only up to forty shillings. It
was argued that the money of account should correspond
with the money upon which the existing contracts de-
pended, and, therefore, the pound sterling should be
decimalised, rather than attempt a spurious adaptation
of the coins of this country to the system of any other
nation. Any coins could be used, provided their rela-
tive value to the integer was well understood, and that
integer should not be less than the pound sterling.
Wages were calculated in shillings by the artisan—he
knew that twenty of these shillings equalled a pound,
and the subdivision of the shilling was of little import-
ance to him, provided the value of the coin was low
enough to represent the small articles suited to his
means. This was the chief argument against the adop-
tion of the "poor man's useful, precious money," which
had been strongly advocated. If the pound was adopted,
the actual value of the present penny being stamped ors
it, would enable it to circulate, without entailing any
loss, and the new coins, as they were issued, would bear
their correct relative value.
It had been stated, that the proposal of the penny
as the integer, had received the approval of the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, but this was contradicted from
authority ; no particular scheme had, as yet, received
official sanction. It was admitted, that during the
progress of the change to the decimal system, some in-
convenience must be experienced and be submitted to,
but the embarrassment would not be excessive, nor of
long duration.
It was urged, that if the value of ten shillings was
adopted as the integer, a simple scale of coins would be
10 mills = 1 penny.
10 pennies = 1 shilling.
10 shillings = 1 eagle.
This, like most of the other schemes for adopting a now
nomenclature, was disapproved.
It was contended, that the present was an appro-
priate moment for the proposed change, as there was
a somewhat similar movement in the U. S. America,—
the Zollverein had held a monetary congress, and almost
simultaneously there had been a meeting at Brussels re-
lative to the international adoption of Lieut. Maury's
system of naval observations. The simultaneous change
of coins, weights, and measures was therefore urged.
On the other side, it was contended, that any rash at-
tempt to adapt the monetary system of this country, to
that of any other, must be productive of the greatest
confusion, and of the most disastrous effects in all mer-
cantile and financial transactions. After reviewing the
history of English coins and weights from the period of
the Norman Conquest, it was shown that the present
gold standard tended to maintain the purity of the 'coin-
age ; that the franc was not and could not be ten pence
of the current coin ; that the subordinate coins to the
sovereign, being only tokens, none of them could be as-
sumed as an integer; that the time was fast approaching
when, in France, the example of America must be fol-
lowed, and a gold standard must be adopted ; that the
value of an English sovereign was so generally recog,
nized that it passed current in almost all countries, espe-
cially on the Continent • this might be due, to a great
extent, to the care in the manufacture at the Mint and
the critical supervision at the Bank of England, where
any sovereign having lost more than three quarters of
a grain in weight was detained, as buing unfit for cir-
culation ; this perfection of examination was due, in a
great measure, to the weighing and sorting machines of
Mr. William Cotton, which had been described to the
institution. The present system being so nearly deci-
mal, it would suffice to declare, by act of Parliament,
that the pound should be divided into 1,000 farthings,
and the change would soon work itself, practically, into
all commercial transactions ; during the transition, the
present coins would be stamped with a decimal value ;
the actual loss would be only a small per centage on the
value of present copper coins, and the new ones would,
at no very distant period, displace them.
The same process would take place with weights and
measures, and in all cases, the adoption of a new nomen-
clattire.was specially objected to.
The system proposed by General Sir C. W. Pasley
in his work on the subject was described, and a statement
was promised to be appended to Mr. Yates' paper, by
which it was contended that it was demonstrable, that a
simplification of the present English coins, &c., would
be more advantageous than the adoption of any of the
foreign systems, none of which were adapted to the com-
merce of this country.
After reviewing the arguments of the previous speak.
ers, it was contended that the opposition to the author's
views was untenable, as the benefit to be anticipated
from the introduction of a decimal system was admitted,
and it was only urged against it that it would be imprac-
ticable to get all countries to agree. Now, if England
and her colonies adopted the system, already accepted
in France, and which had made great advances in other
continental states, there would be so large a preponder-
ance in commercial transactions that other countries
would soon follow.
As to the anticipated debasement of the standard coin
in any country, it was contended, that this would only
occur in the event of war, and in violation of the inter-
natior.al treatiee, which it would he necessary to make,
for establishing identity of values of coinage, and these
exceptional cases should not preclude the adoption of a
certain benefit. The only instance of such an occur-
rence, in time of peace, was that of a petty German
principality, whose coinage being debased, ceased to be
received in exchange, and thus the disease brought its
own remedy. The case was mentioned of the Zollverein,
now including many millions of the German population,
and of the conventions-muntz, generally passing current
throughout the States, where there was a great diversity
of coins. The southern states issued their several coins
according to an arrangement, which insured an int.,_
change between them ; in fact, at Frankfort, coins of all
the states were issued indiscriminately by the bankers.
How much simpler would it have been to have taken
one decimal system for all. If that were done, in the
case of England, francs and other pieces bearing the
British stamp, would pass as currently everywhere as
the French coins were received in Belgium.
It was contended that the arguments used against
the French system of weights, measures, and coins, had
only demonstrated its beauty and fitness for nations in
all stages of civilisation ; and this had been proved by
the progress made in its establishment, not only in
France, but in almost all countries, when accuracy of
observation, for scientific purposes, was demanded.
It was argued, that any low denomination of coins,
such as centimes, might, in time, be substituted for the
cowries on the western coast of Africa, of which as much
as 1,000 tons had been brought in one year to Liverpool,
to be re-exported for again trading on the same coasts.
The argument of the national feeling being opposed to
fixing upon the frame for the unit, ,instead of the pound
sterling, was urged to be unfounded, as the scale of coins
showed, that the existing sovereign and most of the
other coins were retained, for actual public service,
when, if necessary, they could be stamped with their
decimal value, and these would be used, as long as they
lasted ; thus the new issue alone would be the radical
change ; and then only when everybody had become ac-
customed to the system.
It was contended, that in spite of the declination to
change, manifested by some persons, there was a very
general desire, in the mercantile community, to substi-
tute a decimal system, of some kind, for the present in-
convenient mode of calculating ; and assuming the
French system to be that which had received,- not only
the most careful consideration before adoption, but hav-
ing now had the advantage of nearly half a century of
practice, it was fair to presume it to be preferable to
most of the schemes placed by their inventors before the
public ; and it was argued that the lower classes would
have no difficulty in understanding and adoping so
simple a system, as that now used in France.

tions ; in fact, the present standard yard, as reoognised
by law, appeared to be sufficient for all practical pur-
poses. His proposition as to the chain and link was
not, however, agreed to. On the contrary, it was
argued, that by dividing the present foot into 10 inches,
instead of 12 inches, and the inch into 10 parts, a mato
which was familiar to all draughtsmen and to many
artizans, would be introduced which would be easily
understood and would soon be adopted. The foot would
be divided into 100 parts, instead of into 96 parts ; so
that one-tenth might be substituted for one-eighth, with
very slight disadvantage.
In which case the link of the measuring chain, in-
stead of being represented by 7.92 inches, as at present,
would be represented by 6.0 inches, which would be a
very convenient proportion for calculation, and it would
possess the additional convenience of enabling the super-
ficial inches in a link to be represented by the same
figures as those of the superficial feet iu an acre : viz ,
43.560 inches in one square link—and 43,560 square
feet in one acre.

As to weight. all that could be required, was for the
legislature to decree, that it would recognise no conven-
tional values for the cwt. or the ton ; but that the cwt.
should be represented by 100 lbs., and the ton by
2,000 lbs. ; the stone being then 10 lbs. The lb might,
if necessary, be decimalised, aS it was at present by the
bullion dealers, for the special requirements of that
commerce ; but even without that, the chief facifities
would be acquired, and practice would soon render the
system fsmiliar and convenient.
It was considered of great importance to retain the
present denominations, especially for mental calculation,
which was so much practised, from the smallest retail
traffic, up to the most important branches of commerce,
and financial transactions.

SHARE MARKETS.

1100
42

(YESTERDAY.)

BRITISH RAILWAYS.

100-
100
17~.17&

100
34
100-

212
100
100

RAILWAYS.

Closing Prices
yesterday.

21 - 23

Aberdeen . ........
trabg Nottng. Bost
and Eastu. Junct...
Belfast & Ballymena.
Binning. Wolverh &
Stour Valley
Birkenhd. Laucsh &
Cheshire Juuct ......
Do. Chesh. & Birk.,
£5O and £25 Cons.
De., £20..... .........
Blyth & Tyne original
£25 (issd. at £45;
Bristol and Exeter...
Caledth2ian
Chester & Holyhead.
Cork and .13audou..
Cork, Black, & Pass
Jornwall
Crieff Junction
Dubliu&BelfastJuue
Dundee Perth &Aber
deen Junction
Do. New......
East Anglian....
Do., (£lB E &
Eastern Counties
Eastern Union, A

41 - 44

7i —8;
14 —l2 dig

15 - 17
8 7

89 - 91
52i - 5$
13 - 15
8 • 1U

ii = ii

7 - 8

ii. - i•

iii : ii

Stock
Do., B. Stock
Do., New A ..
East Lancashire
Edinburgh &Glasgoe
Edinb. and Peebles
Edin. PAU &Dundee
'orth & Clyde .June.
jillasgow & S. Weston,
Great Northern Stk
Do., A. Stock
Do., B. Stock.
Gt. Sth. &West.are.)
Great Western
Irish South-Easteru
Lancaster & Carlisle
I Do., Thirds
Do. New Thirds
Lancash. andYorksh
Do., Fifths
D a., Wst. Riding Un
Leeds Northern
Liv. Crsby.&Southpt
Loud.
188.1 T
siumlCl aNtie.hdn.S
Central
atecil
si
London & Blackwall
end.
h
Loud. Bright & S. Cat.
Loud. and N. Westn.
Do. Fifths
Do.lo/. Sh., M&
Do. Eighths
London and S. Westn
Do., £5O
Do., £4O
Cnndrry& Coleraine
Lndndrry. & Ennisk.
Manch.Shef.& Linclu
Do., Man. & Lin. Un
Midland
Do. Birmug. & Derby
Midld. G. West. Ors )
Do; Half Shares
Newcastle & Carlisle.
Newmarket
Do., Bury Extension.
Nwpt.Aberg. & Hrfd.
Newry &Enniskillen
Newry Warreupoint
and Rostrevor.
Norfolk
Northn.Counties Un.
North British
North Devon, No. 1,
B Guaranteed
, North London
3NNNDNDsuoolot
Nuneaton,
daN:.
Staffordshire
Deferred
InoCor.
sy lr
ue
N. 7tern Hinckley,
& S. Westrn. June.
and Leicester
Oxford, Worcester,
Wolverhampton
)ce:::0)1. tSt
ttLii
Shrewsbury & Biting.
Guaranteed Situ
Shrewsby. & Heiefd
Shrewsby. & Chester
(N. W. Min
Do. Halves,t
Do. Oswestry
Shropshire Union
Do. A, B, C,& D,fully
paid up at per cent
South Devon
South Eastern
South Wales
S. Yrksh. & Riv. Dun
Do
Staines, Wok &W ok
Stockton & Darling
Stockton & Hartlepl
raff Vale
Do. £lO shares.
Do. Pref., No.
Thames Maven Dock
and Railway
Vale of Neath
Waterfd. & Kilkenny
Waterford&Limerick
%Vest Cornwall
West End of London
and Crystal Palace..
West London

59 61
66 bts

21 - ,ii

38 62
86i 861
74 76
L2O - 12..
89 - 91
72 - 7211

tsG 90
10 —IL t,
10 -- 12
60 —60 A
8k -- 74 iL

11 124
••• ••
ri 8j
par j p
97j —98 j
95j 95j
Ijd 1 d
jd
1 d
76
14 13 A
12 l ii

77 ioi

38 - 58A
33 - 35

id- id
7 - s(t

6 8
44 47
30 3b„
30 ... 31

50
Par iB

6d
7*

28 - 30

82 84
51 - 53
53 - 52

50 -
34 - 21.

13 -- 15
104
--
4 -- 30

13 - 15
581 - 58
324 - 331
4 -
4 -

2/ 2s
all
161
100

17
all
all
16

ii. io

2 - 34
18 19
4 - 5
21 - 23
- 54

all
51a.
100
20
13§
100 ,

Wimbledn & Croydon
York Newctl.&Berw.
Do. Extensions
Do. G. N. E. Purchase
York & N. Midland

BUSthelli done
yesterday.

all
46
all
all
10i
100
1.100

100
100
100
100
100

524 3

15i i
12 i

15
all
all,
all

g 6 5
751

121 j a
72$}

6O

6 - 7

64i 65i
sict
5
45 46

81
9't
954 i i i

76i i

19
581 i 8

per cent,

451 i

130 1

999

pa a d

THE, SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APIUL 14, .1854.

12
13
20
2t

30
20
1
1

1
10
1
1

10
5
20
20

2:;
100
20
20h

20
20
20
33h

25
LOO
10
5