The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-01 00:00:00

London : Thomas Hodron, 13, Pat.erno ter-row.

NEW EDITION IN F iNCY BO ARD4.
COUNT OF MONTE CH RISTO. By
A. DUMAS, 2 vols., price 3s , 19 published th s
Also, by the same author,
MEMOInq OF A 2 vols. 3s.
.1.1•••
1404 A ; or, The Black Tulip. 14.
43E011.3E; or, The P.anter of the Isle of France. Is.
London : Thomas Hodgson, 13, l'aterm:st r-row.

LYCEUM THEATRE.-HENRY RUSSELL,
tor Thirty`'fights. TIIIS [NO (the 5,11 t•me). Se;,t.
Is., and every Event g. Many friends having ex,resicd a wLh
that. Mr. Russell should appear again previoui to finally w.thdraw•
ing his Entertainment, h has, in compliance with ,heir request.
made arrangements to appear ev:rj evening. Y r RUSSELL will
prosent THE FAR WEST ; or, Tll P. PROGRESS of the EMI .IRA:CT
from the OLD WORLD to the NEW. Mr. Russell will relate his
anecdotes, and sing several new songs. " Chen*. Boys, cheer," " Far,
far upon the 'zee," " Sunshine alter Rain," " Land ! Land ! Land !"
" The Falls of Niagara." " Long parted have we been," " I'm
Afloat," "Many chaNes have I seen," " the icebergs" (descriptive
song). " Newfoundland Dog," " The Gambler's Wife," &c. The
Second Part of the Entertainment will consist of a Series of
Sketches. entitled NEGRO LIFE in Freedom and Slavery.
Dress Circle, 2s. 6d. ; Upper Boxes, Is. 6d. ; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, 6d.

THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.

Under the management of Mr. 2ackstone.

THIS EVENING, SEPT. 1.

Will be performed THE OLI) CHATEAU. Characters by Messrs.
Bowe, Roger., H. 3,larsten, and Bucketone; Sirs. lam!111am, and
Mrs. Reym Ids.
Followed by the cI. PANISII DANCERS In a NEW BALLET,
THE GIPSY QUEEN.
The new Farce AA LIKE AS TWO PEAS. Mr. Richards (a
Barrister). Mr. Buckstone.
After which the Second Part of the Ballet, When the Spanish
Dancers will again appear.

STRAND THEATRE,
S)le Lessee Mr. F. W. Alleroft.
THIS EVENING, Sin. 1,
will be performed HARD TI ME.
Followed by FAUAT AND I,4IARGUERITE. Mephistopheles,
Mr. Raiford; Faust, Miss G. Hodson; Marguerite, Miss LI Gordon.
To conclude with BOMBASTES FURIOSO,

The " traveller" question is assuming additional
interest every day. It was to be anticipated that
where the Legislature and the Police Authorities
refused to give any definition of the phrase,
Magistrates would differ and decide in accordance
rather with the prejudices of the majority than
with the actual merits of the case. Hitherto we
are bound to say, that a fair and liberal interpre-
tation of the Statute has been given. In the
great inejority of cases, the excellent precedent
established by Mr. LONG, in dismissing the sum-
mons against the proprietor of Jack Straw's
Castle, has been followed. Thus it has been
alt chled that drovers coming to Smithfield
Market, visitors from London to Gravesend, to
Elttnpten C ee t, and even to Camberwell, are
" travellers" w this the meaning of the Act, and, '
therefore, entitled to demand refreshment, which
the landl IA would incur considerable danger in
refusing t ) supp'y. One of the Magistrates, the
Hon. Mr. NORTON, has spoken out boldly and
exacAy, des wring his unqualified disapproval
of the alteration ill the law, and stating that "it
elnuot last, for tire time of opening from one to
half-past two. was, in his opinion, not long
enough for a publican to serve his customers and
clear his house ; and, that, therefore, he felt
confident that it must bo repealed." Adding,
that "he felt much surprised the public did rot
oppose the passing of such an Act." The
Hon. and Learned Gentlemen also declared
that, " with respect to the much-c mvassed ques-
tion as to who are travellers, and who a:e not, it
was his opinion that a person going from the east
end of the town to the west is as much a travelleF,
and, as such, as much entitled to refreshments,
as the person going to Hampstead or Richmond."
This is a sound and wise decisicn, and one that
should be generally adopted. The true test is,
whether a person is sufficiently near to his own
domicile to obtain the meat or drink his exi-
gencies require. If he can obtain either or both
at his own dwelling, the law declares that he shall
not be entitled to receive them within certain
hours. In the zeal to promote the sale of Excise-
'",,, --,e ,• s--...._-:,..a. 3, e-e,e, . able liquids it compels parties to lay in stocks
of drink, more, perhaps, than they actually re-
quire, or than they wculd get, if they could send
out at tiny moment, but which, as they have it
The seamen and soldiers of the combined fleets on hand, they will dispose of. But any person
and armies in the East are already
-experiencing away from his own home, who has left it for
purposes either of business or Rleasure,
i who is
not, in fact, an inhabitant of the locality
the sad results of the inaction to which they have
n which
been subjected. Cholera has attacked them in
he may be at the moment, is entitled to receive
its most aggravated form, and more men have
refreshment within the forbidden hours, and that
perished in a few days under the fearful and in- whether he he at one of the suburban villages or
glorious operation of the pestilence than would in a different part of town. There is one qualifi-
have fallen in the most sanguinary encounter. A
lincation to the test of vicinity to the clwel-
'o. of the party supplied. If he can
few weeks since they were in the full enjoyment
of the most vigorous health and strength, anxious show that he is returning from a bona fide
journey he may
obtain needful refreshment
only to be led against the foe—to gather the even at his own thresDold. Would it not be
laurels which they fondly hoped were in store for truly ridiculous to say that a person coming
them. But neglect and inaction have done their from Liverpool or Manchester to London was not
fatal work. It would almost seem as if the " travelling" until the very moment that he
" Fabian" policy had been resorted to, in order entered his own door? Such a person would clearly
require
pure refreshment after so wearisome a trip ;
to damp the spirits of our men, and to promote e
if he should be entitled to receive it, so should
the cause of NICHOLAS. Sebastopol might have the man ret
w lir n het; from Richmond, or ampstead,
been captured, and its arsenals and the navy that er Camberell, or even from the westH end of town
sheltered under its fortresses destroyed with far to the east. If he be once "a traveller" he con-
less loss. The whole objects of the war might have Unites a traveller until once more "at home."
been achieved, and ample material guarantees ob-
We are aware there have been more stringent
tained for the good behaviour of Russia, with a les:, decisions—that the Magistrates at Chelmsford
have held that the engine-drivers and stokers on
expenditure of human life. Our able seamen, our ,
'Are railway were not travellers. This is, how-
well-drilled soldiers, are cut off in the prime of If
le, ever, so palpably absurd that it scarcely requires
out the withconsolation of thinking that they have argument to display the error into which the
died in rendering any important services to their " great unpaid" of that district have fallen. Of
country that might preserve their memories green all others, engine-drivers and stokers, and railway
in the reeollection of their brethren. In one vessel guards must be regarded as travellers. Their
alone, the Britannia, fifty men died in a single ',ccupation is essentially " travelling." The greater
portion of their time is spent on the road, or per-
day from the fearful disease, and thirty more 'raps, more correcsdy speaking, " the rail." They
within the next twenty-four hours. Altogether, are not wilfully absent from
home, but are obliged
one hundred gallant fellows were swept away in to be so in the performance ofduties sanctioned
that single ill-fated vessel from the operation of IT Parliament—duties, too, of immense impor-
the disease, while the survivors, dispirited and ranee to the lives and property of the passengers
ender their care, and of a very arduous character;
weakened, worn out with watching and nursing
their suffering comrades, presented a very diffe- requiring frequent refreshment. Why, of allclasses of her MAJ ' i .
ESTY S psu ets they are empha-
rent aspect indeed from that of a few days pre- tically those in whose favour an exception ought
viously, to be made, and yet theSe Essex " Justices"
•
Other vessels have suffered in proportion, think proper to prohibit the much-required re-
although, perhaps, not quite as severely as the freshment.
Britannia. Captain SMITH, of the Simoom, has Mr. HARDWICK, at Marlborough-street, too,
been numbered among the victims ; nor have our
we regret to find, is setting himself in opposition
gallant allies been exemptedthe from the pest. The NORTON and Alderman MIIGGERIDGE, and en-
Ville de Paris and the Montebello are reported deavouring to enforce the more stringent opera-
each to have lost more than 200 men. tion of the new lavi. He has followed in the line
The position of the land forces is scarcely more of the Chelmsford Justices, by convicting the
t cella° seamen. Their
favourable than landlord of the Bliek Horse, Oxendon-street,
-th
for serving liquor to the driver and conductor
PoOtions appear to have been selected with a
singular of a Brentford omnibus. His judgment was in
disregard of caution • •
, just as the object these words :
were to succeed in finding out
tial spots the most pestilen- "He thought it was drawing the matter very
as the sites for the different camps. fine ind to say that these pons were Had any any information been sought for, with yellers.dee
He could not view them in that light,
respect to the salubrity)
or otherwise, of the and it did not appear to him that the Legislature
different localities; •
es
it could easily have been intended to include such cases in the privileges
twined. .It is now said that ob.
accorded to travellers. Besides, the omnibus
AladYns where Sir GEORGE Baowies di •io • people, if they really wanted refreshment, could
vis n is quartered
.41 a regular hot-bed of fever
and d s t ' • h have drawn up on the road and supplied them-
dysentery en ery ," selves before ten o'clock. As, however, it was
while Devna, another of the chosen spots, is Possible that the defendant had acted on mistaken
known amongst the inhabitants by the ominous views as to the meaning of the Act, he would only
title of "The Valley of Death." Our military call upon him to pay the costs I"
Martinets, however, appear to think sanitary Now, thatconviction. If the
con- was practically a
siderations beneath their notice, and that it is defendant had committed no wrong, he could not
of greater consequence to see that the chins
of be charged a farthing for costs any more than the
heaviest fine authorised by the obnoxious law. He
our soldiers be - closely shaved, and their sought justice not leniency, and it would
is whiskers not be .permitted to grow within two if the fine were
such as to enable him tobe better
apeal
inches of the corners
of their months, or on their against the decision,
was called onp to
He
decide
gc ceetees" be of the regula- on a penal statute, which should be con-
throats," or that the
strued liberally
health or comforts should y oil the part of the defendant.
tion cut, than that their
Every word said on behalf of engine-
be duly attended to. drivers and stokers is also I applicable to that of
Such was not the case with g
lorioue old Sir drivers and conductors
of
omnibuses and the
or feelings of "fine drawing," aye, and " qui • ' •
CHARLES. Such were not the views
bbling," is the
who was no statement that they are not " travellers." How
the Hero of Meannee and Hyderabad,
can Mr. HARDWICK dare . to speak of the " inten-
ay a the less renowned for his vigour and ener,
l tion of the Legislature," save as it is expressed
field than for his extraordinary attention to the
within the four earners of the Act of Parliament ?
welfare of
.his soldiers in the camp or the bar- He might have chatted at his club, on the Sun-
racks. If he was daring in action, he was even city morning, with some self-sufficient Sabbatarian
but that does not entitle him to speak, en
more prodigal of his OWLI safety and his own life M.P.,
ih dra as to " the intentions of the Legisla-
than of his followers, and though indifferent to : cathedra as
"
luxuries, and even the comforts to which his tare • !
Tie also decided against the right to serve per-
_ psitil entitled him, he was " • f" in a railway excursion, if they
. by no means ,_.O , - -
sons r `ur-ADA -.' 1 .y. 45 • • d - -
-1, . o the reasonable .demands of his ~,.-d ,1 ' tho ns;ghbourbood. Iu this, also; he
Tu..l C. 111
09 . . ~., ha real intensis of the lutist • 1
humble.
le pa.paple e in the wrong. , The vexation and the
the same to those residing
r ' -
hi§ 601Dia5441 if Oire as closely seen to aanoyance is, however' the
~..---,Fr . ....,
ii i' ' .3 '• - .
....i,..-` 7:10'..:, :- ...-ic ", i,, 7: • '. :' -. i

44.; !loxes, 2s. Gd.; Pit, h.; Gallery, Gd. ; Private Bozcft
El ie., 10 be had of Air. Al'croft. 15, New Bond-street.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENA.
"This place fills up an hiatus which the Crystal Palace leaves
wanting. Vocal and Instrumental music of the first order, and a
display of firework:; which excee is all imagination, are a fitting
:lase to a day at the Crystal Palace."
DINSON'S COLOS3AL, PANORAMA of CIICSAN.
SPlmdld and Extensive MeaD.,gerie and 7,larine A.quarluin—ljnrl-
- Military Baud.

)1.1.,1/41, and. INSTRUMENTTAL CON'IERT,
In Which Miss PoWe, Mist Ttansfori, ani Mr. M-lovers sine
, !virtl N'ationsl anl Patriotic F0,144—A It the ritnitslnz N'ovoltq%
61 the. Gariiens in iim,;(;,,,,,i!0n. coraolniUn; with the " Feast of Lan-
teirilt," in I a rnlit in tz:iiitinnz .I!niptly of Firowor.ts to, ,o,ithb,.
Aloti4:ion 0 ?arilioa for Dancing has been
reot,,l. Full Qua.lriila Raw!, &c.

AATTA:Y'm ROY kL A ,IPtilrfiEATqF

tesgeo Aril Manager, Mr. WWlnm Coo!te,

GREAT SUCCE iS of the N EQUEtiTRIAN EURLEFQUE,

lIIS

Third Time, an c ntire7y new 4t,criesrp:a of Eqr,eitrian character, by
'fro° V.VAP, en1;.11

• - -
THE STEGE OF TROY ; ENT of PA ;ZIA
After w'Ach, (!IIItItiTOFF (l'Emuereur de3 E'unam •1:1,$)
on the Rorie, with the (until now) init. tempted in raculoni
feat of throwing a 6tnu.nersaui'., and ailghtia; on the rope on his
:eut

Pile
un'ime ana elezant. SCE.NP.R fr. the AIIF.NA, th invention,
arran.zement, and alder the dlrection of gr. Wllitan, Cooke.
To roncliple with Nits Q. G flealey's Equestran Ballet d'AcCon
VIP; f AND THE.' IYAi ER LILY ; or, Love among the
Ilernovas.

11,),-orth;e open from Eieven tia Four. Stage Manager, !Zr.,
‘174,,t:

fa 'WU ATF.R. AT LOS DON itR11)14,.:
Tr: 11.1 T —:Tor7lin, 19 I:7oa.aftr.:r Kreniiig 51 aon.aft 7
To- I 7.'0 - !+l, °ruin 31 uia.after 3 Z3venius; 17 ri- f: 9

BIV KA'rli Orri Sr.PT. 1.

TRZRUOMETNN, IN TEM SHADIC.
74 -blemAt since noon yesterday.
53 -lowc!t this morning and during the night.
68 —this day at noon.

BAROMETER, 33.37—rising.
Wrsrn, E.N.E.—Light breeze, and fine, clear weather.

It rt
..•,,
~ T.-.... W ~
--, A.... , , Alt A
4 i. 41

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1854.

within his district. We trust, then, that the
Home Secretary will adopt speedy measures to
secure uniformity of decision, and to abate the
nuisance arising from unsound opinions respecting
the operation of this highly vexatious law.

The mutual principle has long been applied to
Life Insurance, but hitherto Fire Insurance has
been conducted, with a local exception or two,
on the old plan ; yet no reason exists theoreti-
cally why both should not be conducted on the
same system. Fires appear co be more capricious
in their occurrence than the duration of life.
This, however, is not really the case. Taking
any large district, London for instance, the re-
turns published by Mr. BRAIDWOOD, and arranged
by Mr.
.BADDELEY, show that the average number
of fires on a series of years is surprisingly alike ;
and not the general average only, but that of par-
ticular trades and occupations also. Hence,
taking a series of years, and a tolerable
extent of business, it is easy to ascer-
tain a safe rate of insurance, and to deter-
mine the higher charge which must be made for
hazardous trades. As safe tables, therefore, can
be easily constructed, it follows that if some gua-
ranteed provision can be made to overcome the
risks of the first few years, the public may as
securely enjoy the advantage of Mutuality in Fire
as in Life Assurance. The "Mutual Principle,"
as CHAMBERS long ago observed, " is the only one
in which the public has any interest ;" it is the
only one which reduces insurance to the least pos-
sible cost, by returning the legitimate profits at
short stated intervals to the Insurers, while either
by a Guaranteed Fund borrowed at interest for
a time, or eventually by their own accumulated
Reserve Fund, companies formed on this princi-
ple-are as secure as any other.
It has been reserved, hoWever, for the British
Empire Mutual Fire Assurance Company, a re-
port of whose annual meeting appears in another
page, to popularise this great principle in regard
to Fire Assurance. It has now been established
for six years, and has just declared its second.
Triennial Return of Profits to its members.
Without for one moment disparaging the
numerous well-established and valuable offices
already is existence, we may, on behalf of the
public, invite their attention to a comparatively
young office, but one whose progress is remarkably
satisfactory, and which has the great claim of
having been formed not for individual but for
public beucfit. As in the Mutual Life Coppanies
the profits all return ultimately to the policy
holders, and no expenses ate incurred by the
public, except those necessary to inanaveinent,
and the losses actually incurred. Such a plan
deserves the fullest encouragement on the part of
the public; and as it is certain that there is an im-
mense amount of property uninsured, and build-
ings are increasing around us with marvellous
rapidity, there is abundant scope fur the liberal
support of a Company which offers such advan-
bares to the community.
It is to be feared that too many think but lightly
of the duty of insurance against fire. We have
known many of our neighbours risk their pro-
perty for years together, or insure it much below
its value, assuming that a total loss is unlikely ;
yet they may see every day almost in our columns
accounts of fires from the most unforeseen, often
unknown, causes ; very frequently accounts of
total losses also. The first question they ask,
" Was it insured, and for how much?" thighs well
suggest the inquiry whether they themselves are
insured, and insured adequately. No one ought
to expose his property to absolute destruction at
any moment, by the ma:ice of the incendiary, the
carelessness of his neighbour, the oversight of his
own domestics, lightning, or a thousand un thought-
of causes; but persons dependent for their
livelihood on stock-in-trade, buildings, or any-
thing exposed to destruction by fire, are more
than negligent if they render themselves liable tb.
indigency or bankruptcy for the sake of a few
shillings or pounds per annum. The creditors or
friends who, in case of their ruin or even embar-
rassment, would bitterly and justly reproach them,
ought to be thought of. If a person chooses im-
prudently to risk his own property,' surely no one
for the sake of a small annual payment ought to risk
the property of others, and to incur the danger of
becoming burdensome to relations, or of injuring
creditors. We fear these considerations are bu
too commonly overlooked.

One great, hindrance to Fire Insurance is, no
doubt, the exorbitant and obnoxious duty. A
tax in these days of free trade, too, of cent. per
cent. at least ! A tax which is neither levied upon
a luxury, nor made compulsory on all, but one
wrested from the prudent and conscientious only,
while the reckless and penurious escape. The
British Empire Company, we perceive, has, in
common with others, petitioned against this worst
of impositions, and we may hope when the great
disturber of Europe has received his quietus, that
this tax will sown share his fall.