The Sun.
London, England, 1853-03-31 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 31, 1853.

GUARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE
ASSURANCE CJMPANY,
No. 11, Lombard-street, London.
DIRECTORS.
THOMSON HANKEY, Jun., Esq., Chairman.
Sir WALTER R. FARQUMAR, Bart., Deputy-Chairman.
Henry Hulse Berens, Esq. John Nrartin,Esq , M.P.
John Dixon, Esq.
Francis Hart Dyke, Esq.
John Harvey, Esq.
John G. Hubbard, Esq.
George Johnstone, Esq.
John Labouch re, Esq.
John Loch, Esq.
Stewart Marjoribanks, Esq.
AUDI'

Rowland Mitchell, Esq.
James Morris, Esq.
Henry Norman, Esq.
Henry R. Reynolds, jun., Esq.
John Thornton, Esq.
James Tulloch. Esq. •
Henry Vigue, Esq.

LTORS

A. W. Robarts, Esq. I Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq,
Lewis Lloyd, jun., Esq. John Henry Smith, Esq.
SECRETARY—George Keys, Esq.
ACTUARY—Griffith Davies, Esq., F.R.S.

LIFE DEPARTMENT.—Under the provisions of an Act of Par-
liament, this Company now offers to future insurers Four-fifths of
the Profits. with Quinquennial Division, or a Low Rate of Premium
without participation of Profits.
The next division of Profits will be declared in June, 1855, when
all participating Policies which shall have subsisted at least one year
at Christmas 1854, will be allowed to share in the Profits.

...
At the several past divisions of Profits made by this Company, the
Reversionary Bonuses added to the Policies from One-half the
Profits amounted, on an average of the different ages, to about One
per Cent. per Annum on the sums insured, and the total Bonuses
added at the Four Septennial Divisions exceeded 770,0001.
FOREIGN DISKS.—The Extra Premiums required for the East
and West Indies, the British Colonies, and the northern parts of the
United s•tates of America, have been materially reduced.
- INVALID LIVES.---Persons who are not in such sound health as
would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular Premiums,
may have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums.
LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro-
vided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have
attained in each case a value not under 50/.
ASSIGNMENTS OF P3LlClES.—Written Notices. of, received
and registered.
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN, That Fire Policies which expire at Lads-
day must be renewed within fifteen days at this Office, or with Mr.
Sams, No. I, St. James's-street, corner of Pall mall ; or with the
Company's Agents throughout the kingdom, otherwise they become
void.

BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY.
1, Princes-street, Bank, London.
Established August 1, 1837.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Vict., cap. 9.
CuAramAle— Colonel ROBERT ALEXANDER, Blackheath Park.
ADVANTAGES OF THIS INSTITUTION.
A table of increasing rates of pre urn, especially adapted to
the securing of Loans or Debts.
half-cn dit rates whereby half the premium only is payable
during the first seven years.
Sum Assured payable at sixty, or at death if occuring pre-
♦iously.
Orphans Endowment Branch affording the means of having
children educated and started in life, by securing annuities, to com-
mence at the parents' death, and to be paid until a son shall attain
his 2lst year, or, if a daughter, her 25th year of age.

BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION.
Empowered by her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.

Annual division of profits.
Policy holders participate in profits after five or seven annual
payments, according to the table se►ected.
Premiums calculated for every three months' difference of age.
Half credit policies granted on terms unusually favourable ; the
unpaid half premiums being liquidated out of the profits..
At the Annual General Meeting on the 27th April, 1852, a reduction
of 30 per cent. was made in the current year's premium on all partici-
pating ponder.
A Board of Directors in attendance daily at Two o'clock.
Age of the assured in every case admitted in the policy.
Medical attendants remunerated in all cases for their reports.

(PROPRIETARY.) (MUTUAL.)
Extract from the Half i Extract from Table with Participation
Credit “ates of in Profits, after Seven Yearly
Premium. Payments.
Half Whole
premium premium Half Quar.
ts First for Re- Age. Annual Yearly terly
Seven ma nder premium Pre-
,Pre-
Years. of Life. mium. mium.
-
I£s.d.£ s. d. Years. Sionths Xs.d. £ s. £s. d.
30 1 1 1 9 2 3 6 30 0 2 7 3 1 4 2, 012 3
40 1 9 22 18 4 3 2 7 6 1 4 41 012 4
50 2 2 6 4 5* 6 I 710 1 4 60 12 5
GO 3 6 8 613 4 9 2 8 2 1 4 8, 012 6

E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

NEW FEATURE IN UFA ASSURANCE.
ritillE DEPOSIT and GENERAL LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY,
IS, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London.
CAPITAL-ONR HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS.
DIRECTORS. . • • -

Chairman—The Right Hon.tireViscount Drumlanrig, P.C.,
Comptroller of her Majesty's Household.
Yallowley Barnes, Esq., 11, City-road, Finsbury.
G. Noel Clarke, Esq , late 17th Lancers, Junior United Service Club.
George Coode, Esq., Fortland-terrace, Wandsworth, and Belvoir, St.

Helier's, Jersey,
Stephen Craeknall, Esq.. I, St. John's-gardens, Notting-hill, and 11,
Few-square, Lincoln's-inn.
W. Jones, M.D., Davies•street, Berkeley-square, and Lutterworth,

Leicestershire.
George Knox, Esq., 15, Connaught-square, Hyde-park, and Tor

Lodge, Staflordsbire.
Alexander Maclean, Esq„ Harrow-on-the-11111.
David C. Poole, Esq., 32, Upper Seymour-street, Portman-square.
William Prinsep, Esq., 147, Leadenhall-street, and 8, Hyde-park-
place West.
Robert Andrew Riddell, Esq., Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law.
Dr. Scanlan, 21, Upper Seymour-street West, Connaught-square.
Major Sperling, 14, St. James's-square.

AtrDITOP.3,

. J. Bigg, Esq„ 126, Strand, Actuary and Secretary to the Medical,
Legal, and General Life Office.
William Jones, r.s.r, Accountant. 3. Guildhall-chambers.
A. Peck, Esq., 8.A., Actuary to the Engineers and. Mason'e Life
Office, 345, Strand.

BANKERS.
Sir Charles Price, Marryat, and Co., 3, King William-street, London.
Messrs. Hopkinson and Co., 3, Regent-street.

PHYSICIANS.

Dr. Lewis, Flnsbury-plac3.
Dr. Scanlan, 21, Upper Seymour-street West, Connaught-square.

BURGEONS.

IT. T. Chapman, Esq., 16, Lower Seymour-street, Portman-square.
Michael Teevan, Esq., 44, Gloucester-place, Hyde-park-gardens.

CONSULTING ACTUARY.
Francis G. P. Nelson, Esq., F.L.S.
INSPECTOR OF AGENCIES.
F. P. F. Strousberg, Esq.
STANDING COUNSEL.
William Wellington Cooper, Esq., New-square, Lincoln's-inn.

SOLICITORS.
Messrs. Hill and Mathews St. Mary-axe.
RESIDENT SECRETARY.
Charles W. Bevan, Esq.
The public Is respectfully invited to examine the principleS of the
Deposit System of Assurance, which is based upon tables calculated
by. and is under the immediate supervision of, Francis G. P. Nelson,

Compar at:
twenty neat
of Assurance

the Consulting Actuary to the Company.
,ye Tables to assure 5001 on death, by a person aged
birthday, on the ORDINARY and on the DEPOSIT system

,The sum the ordinary
Life Offices would give
him if ho were unable
to pay, or if he omits ed
to pay his current
annual premium of
81.65. 3d. after he has
paid into their coffers
2491.75.6 d., and which
I they have had the use
of at compoun I
interest, or in
) the event of his death
one hour after such
i omission or inability
to pay.

At the
end of
thirty
years when
the party
is fifty
years old,
hewill have
Paid into
the office.

• pAr ent on ui
uaml
to assure)
50W.

On comparison of these two tables it will be seen that a person
under the novel system of DEPOSIT assurance can secure the follow-
ing advantages, viz., Ist. For a less sum, paid annually, he can assure
a larger sum in case of death than under the ordinary system.
Idly. In the event of a desire to surrender his Policy he can receive
in this Company, by the above example, which applies to all ages,
THREE times as much as on the ordinary system. 3rdly. In the event
of inability or omission to pay, his policy remains still his property,
of tha same value as it was, though he cease his current payments
for any number of years ; whereas on the ordinary system, he gets
nothing. 4thly. Should he require to increase or decrease the
amount of his policy, he can do so at pleasure. He can at any time,
by giving a fortnight's notice, withdraw any part from 11 up to the
whole amount of his previous payments and with interest. After he
s withdrawn part one year he can, by a single payment, three
years, or any time afterwards. raise his policy to a greater or even
Its former amount ; and by this system he can at all times regulate
his annual savingsing by
u hisn
palpablefannualay tvo.expenditure,iintacgae: how enwveeletreh, s
sttihht
aye
htheeg facilityegtari nI
netthuee-
bargain of hal,
!sand in case of death his family receive more than
hklswinitofhnhetiyhs savings. In ordinary Life Offices be can do no
policy at once lapses or is cancelled the moment
his current d
premiums, and, instead of having any
he ceases to pay
for aid, all his har -earned savings become forfeited to
fund to Sy to
his misfortunes servo to benefit the pockets of his
the society, and
mor efortunate co-assurers.
ristnhesuecath amountfboarn
thing, buto his
too equitable and too striking to be overlooked
is the only system of assurance which can be
DEPOSIT assurance
fit b widely
palpable bene sbe diffused. It
Bally canvassed, and its
a 13mk because it allows a fair rate
confers greater advantages than
unSdivuecrhsaallsyrteecinoginsised and adopted when the princiles are impat,
and gives twice the amount in the
resentatires of the Depositor ix
aofonindtserocrstthien casecom poaf7iythtotirtahweor,ep
case of death, thus combining the
ADVANTAGES OF A BANK WITH THE BENEFITS OF
AN ASSURANCE COMPANY.
In case of endowment assurances the advantages of the DEPOSIT
Qystem are still more striking.
ADVANTAGES OLTI S
ASSURANCE COMPANY
To those who prefer this branch Policies are granted from 201. to
5,0001. on every known principle thereof.
BUBNDANEcIIiTHE ORDINARY
reiLeievt
ee
ds luny all lthbeurt
ot hale
ewer
at r set at
agke se
no
af
tdirsaetaesse teacinudivsaul
enchtatso htahveephare °tin-
cular disease.
Loans from 501. and upwards granted on every kind of security,
real or personal, on the most equitable terms to the borrower
Annuities of every description granted on very favourabhelq terms.
Non-forfeitxre of a Policy.—ln case of inability to pay
premiums, the Directors will eitner purchase the Policy at a fair
market value, or give a new one in lieu thereof, less 5 per cent., inte-
rest corresponding in amount to the whole of the previous payments
t cuitaut
which have been made.
Detailed prospectuses with tables in fbrther illustration of the De-
, posit system, and any Anther information may be obtained on aPpli-
cation to the Agents in the country, or to
CHARLES W. BEVAN, Resident Secretary.

N.B.—Agents wanted in all parts of the World.

REGENT GALLERY, 69, Quadrant.—
..La, The GRAND HISTORIC AL DIORA NIA, illustrative of the
Life and Exploits of the EMPEROR NAPOLEON BONAPARTE,
nted by Mr. Charles Marshall, of Her Majesty's Theatre, IS NOW
OPEN.
Performances.—at 12 o'clock, Afternoon, 3 ; Evening, 8 o'clock.
Admis ion, Is. ; Stalls, 2s. 6d.; Reserved Seatc, 3s.

EAST INDIA HOUSE, 314.acu 30, 1853.
TO THE PROPRIETORS OF EAST INDIA STOCK.

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
THE Election of Six Directors of the East India
Company being appointed for Wednesday, the 11th April next,
the savour of your vote and interest is requested for the following
gentlemen, viz :
HENRY ALEXANDER. Esq.
The Hon. WILLIAM HENRY LESLIE MELVILLE.
Major JAMES OLIPIIANT.
HENRY THOBY PRINSEP, Esq.
J )IIN SHEPHERD, Esq.
Which will ranch ohlige,
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
Your most obedient servants,

W. H. C. Plowden.
Shank.
M. T. Smith.
W. H. Sykes.
John C. Whiteman.
W. Wigram.
Henry GWillock,
J. II Astell.
W. B. Bayley.
Robert Campbell.
John Cotton.
Wm Dent.

•**. Proprietors desirous of voting b:
attorney for that purpose at the Treasu

Wrn. J. Eastwick.
Russell Ellice.
J. W. Hogg.
Rd. Jenkins.
John Loch.
J. L. Lushington.
E. Macnaglren.
Ross D. Mangles.
John Masterman.
C. Mills.
J. A. Moore.
J. Petty Muspratt.
)3' proxy may obtain a letter of
ury in this House.

EAST INDIA. HOUSE, MAacu 30, 1853.
TO THE PROPRIETORS OF EAST INDIA STOCK.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
HAVING the honour . of being recommended
to you by the Directors of the East India Company as
Candidates for the Direction, to be chotro this year, we take the
liberty, reqUesting the favour of your te on the day of Election,
Wednesday, the 13th April next.
We ate,
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
Your most obedient and most humble Servants,
HY. ALEXANDER.
"W. H. L. MELVILLE.
J. OLIPHANT.
11. T. PRINSEP.
JOHN SHEPHERD.
** Fraprietors desirous of voting by proxy, may obtain a letter
of attorney for that purpose at the Treasury in this House.

rrHE GREAT NEW SOUTH WALES
RAILWAY COMPANY.
Provisionally Registered.
To be incorporated by Royal Charter, or empowered by Act of Par-
liament, or of the Colonial Legislature, with limited liability.
Capital, 6.0,0301., in 30,000 Shares, of 201. each, with power to in-
crease the amount if required.
Deposit, 21. 2s. per share.
From Newcastle to Maitland, and thence through Singleton to or
near Sagenhoe, and the foot of the Liverpool Plans to Murturundi,
passing through or near Black Creek, Belford, Castle Forbes, Dar-
lington, Muscle-Brook, Aberdeen, and Scone.
With power to make Branches suitable to the local wants of the
district.
The numerous applicants for Shares in this Company are respect-
fully informed that a delay is unavoidably occasioned by the non-
arrival of advices from the Colony.
Communications will, in the meantime, conti no to be received by
the Secretary, or the Solicitors, Mews. Carritt and Oxgood, Basin,-
hall-street; and Messrs. J. W. Scott and Co, Brokers, 75, Old
Broad-street

CHARLES THOMA.S, Secretary.
Temporary Office 3, 24, Pasinghall-street.

PROVIDENT CLERKS' ASSOCIATION,
No. 42, 3'IOORGATE-811tEET.

Established 1840

TRUSTEES.
Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. IW. G. Prescott, Esq.
Thomson Hankey, jun, Esq. Baron L. De Rothschild, M.P.
Treasurer of the Benevolent Fund—John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.
Every descripti, n of Assurance and Annuities granted
NINE-TEN PHA of the PROFI fS are divided every five years to
Assurers of three years' standing
n important feature o' this Association is, that Policies may be
made payable to the WIDOW, WIDOWER, and CHILDREN of
the ASSURED FREE of PROBATE and LEGACY DUTY.
A full Report of the 4nnual Meeting of the Association, held on
the 17th January, 1853, may be had on application at the Office, or
of any of the Agents of the Association.
The Directors beg to call tha attention of the Public to the Report
of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Friendly
Societies, which states "their proceedings—viz., of this and four
other Societies similarly enrolled—had been very beneficial irt
extending a knowledge of the advantages of Life Assurance."
The Benevolent Fund of this Association offers most important
advantages to Clerks Assuring by Loans and Gratuities.
Annuities also are granted to Members, as well as provision to

their Widows and Orphan Children.
In May next, Annuities will be granted, amounting to 1251., which
will make the total amount of Annuities given by this Association,
580/. By order of the Board.
PHILIP HENRY BYRNE, Secretary.
42, Moorgate-street, Jan. 28, 1853.
Commission allowed to Solicitors and others.

VRAMPTON'S PILL of HEALTH.
The following testimonial is another proof of the great efficacy
of this medicine :

" Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, April 16, 1851.
Sir,—ln consideration of the great benefit I have derived from
.aking Frampton's Pill of Health, I feel it a duty that I owe to you
and the public to send you the following statement. For upwards of
nine years I have experienced the efficacy of this excellent medicine.
I had long previously been afflicted with headache and indigestion,
but a friend having induced me to make a trial of Frampton's Pills,
I now inform you that a few doses gave me great relief; and during
this long period of time I have taken them in preference to any other
medicine ; and I have the happiness of saying that I never had a
better state of health, which I attribute to Fran pton's Pills. I beg
further to add, that this medicine is in general usit by my fanilly,,and
we know of nothing to equal it.

" I am, Sir, yours respectfully,
THOMAS PROVINCE.

" To Mr. T. Prout, 229, Strand, London.
This excellent Family Pill is a medicine of long-tried efficacy for
correcting all disorders of the stomach and bowels, and is a
pleasant, safe, easy aperient ; they unite the recommendation of a
mild operation with the most successful effect, and require no re-
straint of diet or confinement dung their use.
Ask for FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, and observe the
nadie and address of " Thomas Prmt, 229, Strand, London," on the
Government Stamp.
Price is. I%d. an! 2s. 9d. per box.
South Australian Copper Mining Company,
17 Gracechurch-Vree

DVANTAGES in JUVENILE ATTIRE
this EASTER.—As certa:n as Gold comes from Australia,
Silks from India, or Tea from China, all advantages in DRESS
must come from the gigantic Business of E. MOSES and SON; and
ATTIRE fashionable, cheap, superior in quality, and suitable for all
seasons, professions, and occupations, may always be obtained at
E. MOSES and. SON'S, ALDGATE and MINORIES, or NEW
OXFORD-STREET, corner of dart-street, where many advan-
tages in JUVENILE ATTIRE for Easter may be secured. The
materials are the best selections which can be made—another in-
stance of the success of E. MOSS and SON'S buyers in fabrics for
JUVENILE CLOTHING, The 3espoke Department offers advan-
tages in fit, style, grace, neatness, and comfort, accompanied si ith
punctuality. dispatch and economy not to be met with elsewhere.
The READY-MADE BRANCH Is replete with new fabrics, new
styles, and elegant designs in YOUTHS' and CHILDREN'S CLOTH-
ING: the extent and magnificence of the Stock surpasses com-
parison, and the prices are considerably lower than at any other
House. The SPORTING DRESS, PALETOTS, CAPES, &c., &c.,
introduced by E. MOSES and SON, are rapturously approved for
the ease they afford, the gentility they impart, and economy hi
their price. HOSIERY and CHILDREN'S DRESSES, HATS and
CAPS, Ac., Ac., particularly merit attention- novelty, superior
quality, and low charges being rendered available to all classes by
E. MOSES and SON.
THE LATEST FROM AUSTRALIA shows the "Diggings"
satisfactory, and the extent of gold fields past calculation, Emi-
grants may depend on success, bit they may make successful invest-
ments in the Wholesale Clothing and Outfitting Departments of E.
MOSES and SON'S Establishmea. The goods are the best intro
ductions to the colony, and in a few hours produces profit equal to
the cost of the passage. Outfits for all classes of passengers, ladies
or gentlemen, are supplied by R. MOSES and SON at wholesale
prices. The goods are perfectly suitable, and everything required
for the voyage and country is provided, of the best quality, and at the
cheapest rate. A separate department is kept for Outfitting. Ship
sailing information, and free lists of outfits for ladies and gentlemen,
may be had on application, or pest free to any part of the kingdom.
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the
public against imposition, having learned that the untrade,sman-like
falsehood of " Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's
the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, and for
obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have
Be CONNEXION WITH ANY OTHER HOUSE IN OR OUT OF LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as fellows
London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minortes, 83,
84,85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
2, art-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, I 9 nd 20, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate.
Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and
Shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
IMPORTANT —Should any article not give satisfaction, it will he
exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned
without hesitation. All goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest
price, from which no abatement can be made.
The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset on
Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock.
A new Book, entitled " The World's Pharos," containing the
Emigrant's Assistant, full list of prices, and directions tor self-mea-
surement, may be had on application, or post-free, to any part of
the kingdom.
A handsome Almanac for nee year ending 1853 can be had gratis,
on application.
Id Ton parle Franca!s. Qui si parla Italian.
Ilier s; richt man Deutsch. Aqua se habla Espanol

MEDICAL ADVICE ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF
YOUTH AND MATURITY.

DR. SAMUEL LAWERT, 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Doctor of Medicine, and Matriculated Member of the University of
Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the Londoa Hospital Medic
Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c.

11/IAN be consulted, personally, or by letter, on
the various disorders of the nervous and generative system,
resulting from juvenile Irregularities and excesses, which have pro-
duced more misery in youth, degradation in manhood, and prema-
ture decay at all stages of life, than perhaps any other class of dis-
eases known to modern pathologists. Long and practical experience
in the treatment of these diseases has proved that there are in exist-
ence secret causes of self-acquired miseries and disappointed hopes in
existence, traceable to certain pernicious habits, to which Nervous
Debility, various forms of Insanity, Unhappy and Unfruitful Marri-
ages, Impotency, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and their
endless modifications owe their almost entire origin.
It is absolutely necessary that all men should know that there are
principles of personal management which cannot be violated without
Incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed
the heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties
may be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed,
and how the evil and its con,equenees may be avoided, and above all,
that there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional
derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure.
DOCTOR LA'MERT has for a long series of years been engaged
in an extensive practice in the treatment of these delicate com-
plaints, and s the only legally qualified rhysician who, regardless
of the taunts and envy of the hypocritical and mock-modest, has had
the confidence, through the medium of the public press, to direct
attention to these enormous evils, from which no grade of society is
tree. In selecting this department of practice, he has been amply
rae arded by the great success that has attended his efforts in the
treatment of these cases, which are too generally confided to the
care of unqualified and ignorant empirics, who, with their pirated
publications, assumed foreign names and titles, and pretended virtues
of filet patent nostrums, have inflicted serious injury on those who
have been induced to place faith in their pretensions.

At home for consultation daily from ElevenHT Two, and from
Six till Eight. All letters must contain the fee of It, and advice and
medicines can be forwarded to any initials or address.
It is desirable that patients wishing to consult Dr. LA'MERT
should first obtain a copy of his work on
SELF-PRESERVATION.
A Medical Treatise on the Philosophy of Marriage, and Nervous and
Generative Debility, illustrated by fifty coloured engravings, and des-
cribing in detail the various disorders resulting from secret habits ant
excesses. The perusal of this treatise will assist in the correct
description of their cases, and may be had, price 2s 6d, in English,
French, Spanish, Dutch, Italian, or German, of Messrs. Piper
Brothers and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street;
Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Storie, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; or free
oy post. for forty-two stamps, to any address from the Author's resi-
dence, 37, 13Eprotth-squ43g, LosPoN.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

THE CITY ADDRESS TO LOUIS NAPOLEON.
(From the Times.)
The address of the merchants and bankers of
London, which filled seven columns of this journal
with signatures on Tuesday last, and was presented
to Louis Napoleon by Sir James Duke and a depu-
tation the preceding day, appears to us to contain
nothing to which every man, woman, and child in
her Majesty's dominions might not have assented,
with the single but important exception of the mis-
statement to which it appears to owe its origin.
To assert that the welfare of the two greatest na-
tions of Western Europe is closely interwoven,
that sentiments of hostility are unchristian in their
nature and onerous in their results, that the criti-
cisims of a free press on the reprehensible acts of a
foreign Government are not to be understood in a
spirit of national hostility ; and, in short, that we
are all of us as desirous of the maintenance of peace
as the association claiming a monopoly in that bles-
sing which it is the object of all good government
to secure, are truisms of so obvious and undoubted
a character, that if it were worth while to testify
in such a cause, the subscription of these articles
might have been indefinitely extended. But
the question is, whether it was worth while to
make so large an effort for so easy a purpose, and
to collect the signatures of so many mercantile
firms in London to a declaration which no human
being is prepared to dispute. The authors of this
manifesto do indeed state a motive for this pro-
ceeding : they assert that " they have learned
through various channels of information that an
impression exists in the minds of the people at
France that feelings of an unfriendly character are
entertained towards them by the people of Eng-
land." In answer to that statement we can only
reply, that no such information has ever reached
us, and that we have never imagined that the
people of France were so extremely ill informed
of what is passing in this country as to con-
found the remarks which have been called forth
by many of the acts of the present French Govern-
ment with unfriendly feelings towards the French
people. On the contrary, the very reason which
makes us take an interest in the French nation
second only to that which we feel in our own af-
fairs is the esteem we have for that country, and
the recollection that for 33 years France showed
herself worthy to possess those rights and liberties
which placed her with ourselves in the first rank
of free States. It is because the press of France
was, with our own, one of the most powerful or-
gans of human thought and progressive civilisation
that we resent as a public indignity the suppres-
sion of its liberty. It is the knowledge that consti-
tutional monarchy was the glorious prize for which
two generations of French statesmen had striven
not in vain, and that institutions similar to our
own had raised that nation to au unexampled pitch
of prosperity, that makes us distrust an authority
founded on the ruins of representative government.
And lastly, it is the fact that a despotic Emperor
is not under the control of the French people, and
may therefore plunge the country into measures
dictated by his own passions or ambition, which
makes the world question the policy and foresee
the danger of intrusting powers so unlimited to a
single hand. Louis Napeleon tells the London de-
putation that he desires peace. So far it is well.
But would these gentlemen, conversant with mer-
cantile transactions, stake any important pecuniary
arrangement on a mere verbal declaration if they
could have better security ? We imagine not, and
the effect of the last revolution, which has thrown
France into the hands of an absolute ruler, has
simply been to destroy all collateral securities, and
to make her respect for public engagements, and
consequently the peace of Europe, dependant on
the word of an individual who has certainly not
shown hitherto an inviolable respect for his pro-
mises. This state of things does not appear to us
a rational subject of confidence or congratulation.
Nor, indeed, have the authors of this address
presumed to give the slightest indication of any
such feeling towards the head of the French Go-
vernment. Acting, no doubt, with a wise caution,
and conscious of the limits prescribed by public
opinion in this country and all over the world,
they approached the person of the French Emperor,
'and entered the apartments of his palace, without
one of those complimentary expressions which are
invariably employed by those who wait on Princes,
and without a word to imply trust in, or even re-
spect for, the policy of his Government. It was
thought, no doubt, that it,would be a can and
discreditable homage to success obtained by violent
and lawless means to advert to the steps by which
Louis Napoleon has reached his present eminence,
and accordingly on that point they were silent. It
was remembered that power created by such means
is commonly shortlived, and no hope, therefore,
was expressed of its duration. It was known that
the real policy of France resides at this moment in
the secret thoughts of an individual, and to the
character of that individual, whom the deputation
was addressing, no allusion was made. In fact,
the address omitted everything which could have
made it flattering to Louis Napoleon, and, if all
such expressions had not been omitted, it is very
clear that no signatures would have been obtained.
From the assurance of amity with France no one
dissented—to any tribute of respect to Louis Na-
poleon few, if any, of those who signed this paper
would have agreed. So, too, if it was ever intended
by this movement to reflect upon the independent
attitude and language of the press of England, it
was found necessary to abandon that part of the
scheme, for Englishmen were not to be found to
put their names to any such declaration.
In this sense, therefore, we ourselves might
adopt the sentiments conveyed by the language of
this address, if we thought that the presentation
of it were not liable to misrepresentation. The
most absolute Sovereigns are not quite at liberty
to act in violent opposition to the general feeling
of their subjects, even though it be habitually,
gagged and crushed ; and the throne of Louis Na-
poleon, which was raised the other day by the
mingled fears and delusions of the French people,
is certainly not so secure that he can afford to dis-
regard the well-ascertained desire of the country.
Although, therefore, the nation has forfeited or.
renounced for the present its share in direct poli-
tical power, the indirect control of public feeling
and opinion cannot be shaken off, and that, we are
satisfied, is entirely in favour of the maintenance
of peace and of amicable relations with this country.
That is a fact on which we place far greater reliance
than on any assurances which Louis Napoleon can
utter ; and it may not be inexpedient to respond to
this prevailing disposition of the French by assuring
them that we partake it in an equal degree. They
are, at least, as eagerly engaged in the pursuit of
wealth as the people of this country, and they are
reminded by the smallest incident which touches
the sensitive indicator of public credit, that the
value of the French funds, and of all the under-
takings in which they are so largely engaged, would
drop like quicksilver in a hurricane at the first ap-
proach of real danger. They are aware that the
stability of the present Government is more appa-
rent than real, and that the first outbreak of hos-.
tilities would again throw to the surface of Europe
the dreaded symptoms of the Revolution. They
feel that France is not politically united in strict
alliance for practical purposes, or by permanent
ties, with any other Power in Europe. What-
ever, therefore, the intentions of Louis Napoleon
might be, there are obstacles of the most serious
kind to his engaging in any rash enterprises, for
success would only be obtained by great risks, and
failure would destroy him. The French people
were perfectly aware, before they were told so by
this address, that foreign nations, and the people
of England in particular, have not the smallest in-
tention to interfere with the Government now esta-
blished in France. They are perfectly secure
against every attack and every affront. With this
conviction it would probably be no easy task to
raise a war cry in France, accompanied by a double
conscription and war taxes, without some evident
necessity ; and in the present temper of the French
people we are by no means justified in regarding
them as the most martial and pugnacious nation
in Europe. Nor, in spite of the language of the
Peace Society, is this country the least so. In a
moment of national peril we are convinced that the
city of London, and even the persons who have set
their names to this address, would not be behind-
hand in their duty to their country. But, though
they have joined in this record of their friendly,
feelings to the French nation with very good mo-
tives, they have yet to learn that this step will be
distorted abroad into an act of deference to a des-
potic power, and an expression of indifference to
the rights and liberties of a foreign nation, which
it is unworthy of Englishmen to feel ; and for this
reason the bulk of the French people will be more
apt to misconstrue, and even to resent such a de-
claration, than to receive it with gratitude.

( From the Morning Herald.)
We have frequently marked what we consider
the mistaken practice of an undeniable majority of
" our order" to speak in extravagant terms of

[PRICE SD.

veneration of their own " mission," of the momen-
tous importance of their duties, and of the extent
of that indirect power which they pretend to wield
over the destinies of the age. In -n`o other
intellectual calling whatever is there outlying
like the same amount and persistency of -boast-
ing, or anything like the same number of boast-
ers. We feel sure that the system of these
writers is damaging in no slight degree to the
body to which they and we belong ; and that,
while wishing to aggrandise beyond measure the
position and power of the journalist, all they effect
is very much to impair his influence and to lower
his credit. Public opinion is more scrutinising,
and less amenable, than some persons imagine it to
be. Besides this, so generally is it the creation
not of one easily indicated influence, but of causes
infinitely numerous, obscure, and intermingled,
that even those mighty spirits who, at rare inter-
vals in history, seem to have been the personal
embodiment of their age, and whose words were
wont to move the whole community as one man,
even they rather found than made the power which
they exercised. Under circumstances but very
slightly altered, perhaps their career would have
been immensely different. Those make a mistake
then, who think that because they are clever wri-
ters—say even writers of no common eloquence—
they have but to decide on what they shall make
the public feel, or to select what they shall make it
do. But that mistake is a trifle compared to ano-
ther which appears to be held by some of our con-
temporaries ; that to talk continually about their
own power is the way to possess it, or at least is
the way to mystify everybody into a sort of super-
stition that such a power is really lodged in their
liana/as-hen it is nAL This, A.l:we havefiaid, jis 4
great mistaM, and one on which many of our
brethren act methodically. But the mischief, were
it simply what we have described, would be suffer-
able. The worst, so far as the common influence
and interests of the press are concerned, is that this
vain imposture, which a few individuals flatter
themselves they can practise upon the public—
this poor and hopless jugglery, is carried out in
a manner insulting to the common sense of the
great mass of ordinary mortals. They are told
virtually by the public writer, when his views
have clashed with those of the generality, that
they do not really know their own sentiments,
and must come to him to be informed of
their true nature. This is no exaggeration. A
glaring instance in point has just occurred. S o
diametrically opposed to the predominant feelings
and opinions of the London public are those which
have been perseveringly enunciated by two London
organs, that at length tacit disgust has given place
to an open demonstration on the part of a class not
merely numerous, weighty, and respectable in them-
selves, but carrying with them, by the necessity of
their social position, almost the sum and substance
(with respect to the subject in hand) of thoughtful,
educated, and enlightened opinion, as it prevails
in the greatest of all capitals. We might use any
terms, and yet not able to over-state the import-
ance of this demonstrasion—a demonstration which
very sensible men considered necessary, and for
which very busy men found time. In the first
place, the declaration of the " Merchants, Bankers,
and Traders of London," respecting the French
people and their Emperor, and respecting the lan-
guage which two members of the present English
Cabinet and several English newspapers have
thought proper to apply to that personage and that
nation, without authority, without truth, without
decency, and yet without provocation—the remark-
able declaration of views on this subject by the
the merchant-princes of London is, in the first
place, we say, peculiarly and pre-eminently a de-
liberate and a carefully-considered document. It
was not adopted amid the heats and hurries of a
popular meeting. Those who put their names to
it were not infected by the unreflecting enthusiasm
of some large assembly, swayed by the awe of a
visible majority standing around them, or trans-
ported by the eloquenese.pf a great speaker. They
were not tricked by a sudden surprise, or carried
away by a momentary excitement. Passion and
precipitancy have evidently no part in such acts ;
they are left alone altogether, or they are per-
formed under the pressure and dictation of widely-
diffused, deeply-felt, and unanimous convictions.
In the second place, the signatures were pro-
cured without any help from public advertisements,
or from that factitious machinery of agitation which,
in extending the range of requisition beyond Lon-
don, would probably have nuiltiplied them twenty-
fold in a very brief time.
In the third place, as the signatures were, for
the most part, given sepalatelrand successively,
and as the whole body of p7:_tleinen "undersigned"
met not beforehand for tne purpose of consulting
together and of compromising minor differences,
and of producing (a thing that so often happens) a
show of agreement where much of its reality is
wanting, their genuine, unforced, unmanaged, and
spontaneous unanimity is a fact which must make
the deepest impression upon every candid and in-
dependent mind.
In the fourth place. Who are these four thou-
sand declarants ? Each of them is in his sphere a
centre of industry, and each influences and fashion
the opinions of many others. They constitute al-
together or represent one of the most powerful
elements of modern society; the great employing
interest, round which circulates with a sort of
planetary order a whole system of subordinate in-
fluences. Such men count for more than their
numbers. And yet we are to be told that their
declaration, with all the circumstances of enhanced
importance that signalise it, is quite worthless as
any sign of public opinion. A gentleman writing
in the Morning Chronicle, says that he is a better
authority, because by profession he is "an observer
of public opinion." On the one side, then, we have
an observer of public opinion—on the other, we
have a proof of it • on the one side we have an
observer of facts, who denies them, and on the other
the facts themselves. On which must we rely ?