The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-10 00:00:00

144**1" Un
; -
,

LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 10, 1853.

If the Income Tax had not received the Legis-
lative 9ftnction, and been continued for eleven suc-
cessive years in its present form, it would appear
a work of supererogation to enter into any elabo-
rate arguments to prove its inequality and injus-
tice. The sound practical common sense of the
nation revolts at the proposition, that fluctuating
and precarious income, earned by physical or men-
tal toil, is to be placed on the same foundation
as the dividends, \interest, or annual produce
of accumulated and realised property. The one
must speedily terminate. With the death or loss of
health of the acquirer, a change of law or a
change of fashion, it ceasts. The hand of the
skilful artist may lose its cunning, the intellect of
the popular author, or the acute and learned bar-
rister, may become impaired through the very
exertions he has been required to make,
so that even the most successful of his
class would be unable to support him-
self and family, and certainly not to keep up
the insurances to which he had devoted no incon-
siderable portion of his earnings in more pros-
perous seasons. For such emergencies, every
man of ordinary prudence would set aside a con-
siderable portion of his receipts, which may be
considered in the light of capital, to be substituted'
for the talent committed to his charge when it
shall cease to be productive. The moment it is
so appropriated, that it begins to become remune-
rative, it is again, and very properly, charged.
It is thus subjected to a double burden ; first,
when it is earned, and, secondly, when it has been
invested.

On the other hand, the owner of well cir-
cumstanced reai or personal estate has no care
or anxiety. Ile may rest perfectly tranquil that
no change or casualty can materially affect his
interests. If his name be inscribed in the books
of the Governor and Company of the Bank of
England as the owner of a goodly sum in the
Three per Centg., he receives his annuity, whether
times be prosperous or the reverse. No commer-
cial crisis can drive him to despair, or compel him
to resort to desperate expedients to maintain his
damaged credit. The abolition of special plead-
ing, or side-bar rules, will not cut away the funds
by Which he was enabled to provide for the edu-
cation of his children, or to undertake the health-
preserving trip to the sea side. Under any cir-
cumstances his income accrues with unvarying
regularity. At his death it remains for his
children. In ease of sickness or idleness, it still
may be depended on. As the Laird of Dumbie-
dykes said, "it • is ssratoing while he is sleeping." And
there is neither the obligation nor the inducement
to set aside a large Proportion of his revenue,
either for the migency of his old age or of the
rising generation.
But Chance Hors of the Exchequer have en-
deavoured to defend the obnoxious system.

PEEL, and GOUTTLEITRN, WOOD and GLADSTONE,
have met sere* usly and energetically protested
against any change or modification of the
assessment. The objectionable enactment
having once passed, no alteration would
be accepted that did not promise a perfect
system. When anything was spoken of the hard-
ship inflicted on struggling men, the case of Mr.
MOOR; the Leviathan sinecurist, or of some of
the wealthiest of the ale-kings or millionaire
bankers, was referred to, and contrasted with that
of an unfortunate widow having a scanty sum in
the Three per Cents., the savings of a prudent
and thrifty husband, and the smile of derision
excited by the comparison was regarded as a
triumphant argument in favour of the existing
practice. These, however, are the exceptions to
the general rule, and we must not legislate
for exceptions. If Mr. MOORE'S case is to
be considered, let there be a special enactment
framed to meet it. We should not have the
slightest objection to ten, twenty, or fifty per cent.
being laid on parties who, like the rev. gentleman,
or his kinsman, Archdeacon CROFT, are in the en-
joyment of enormous incomes, for which they ren-
der little, if any return. Nor would it greatly
grieve us if the Dukes of GRAFTON and MARL-
BoßouGH—the heirs of the Duke of SCHONBERG—
the Earl COWPER, or the assignees of CHARLES
BOONE were placed in the same category, in respect
of the pensions which they have so long been re-
ceiving. But it cannot be maintained, that be-
cause these persons are in the enjoyment
of such enormous incomes, the myriads of
hard-working and under-paid clerks, small
tradesmen, or professional men, are to be
subjected to excessive taxation, in order to
ensure that these persons should be compelled to
contribute a portion of their unrighteous gains to
the public service. The cases of the ale-kings or
millionaire bankers is not at all in point, because
they have large capitals embarked in their respec-
tive occupations, which is fairly and legitimately
liable to taxation, and could not escape if the
charge levied were made according to the capi-
talised value of each man's possessions.
The absurdity►, if it be so, is occasioned by the
attempt to place every description of industrial
income within a single class, and in one
schedule. So long as that is persisted in,
there will, there must be injustice. There may,
to use the words of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, " be a
greater approximation to justice than in the mea-
sure hitherto in force." That is all. But
when the charge is levied on capital, and capital
only, irrespective of the profits it may return,
then, and not till then, will each man be taxed
according to his means, and the charge levied with
perfect equality and fairness. We throw this
hint out for the consideration of Fiscal Reformers. 1.
If they please, they can ensure its being carried
into practical operation. It will be well worth
the trouble of achieving.

CITY, Two o'CLooic.
The sales of cotta n, at Liverpool, on Saturda
were estimated at fr 3m 3,000 to 4,000 bales, all to
the trade. The ma xket was steady, at previous
rates. The sales included 200 Pernam and
Maranham, at 6d. to 6/d. ; 500 Surat, at 31d.
to 40. ; and the re. mainder ilea& all American.
Railway Shares were rather firmer.
The corn market N vas heavy again th_is morning-
The West India ac counts present nothLug
ticular interest, and. there had been no bus'in of par-
ess of
importance done in the House of Assembly' since
the previous advices left. Among the noticeo of
motion we find on( 3 for the purpose of bringing
under consideration " the propriety of admitting,
free of duty, the II )roductions of those countries
which may reciproca ,te, by admitting the products
of Jamaica on simil it terms," the results of which,
if passed, would, it was considered, materially
benefit the colony.
At St. Croix a col nmittee of the Legislature had
recommended additii anal compensation to be granted
to the owners of ti ie slaves emancipated by the
Danish Government . The steamer does not bring
satisfactory informat ion of the state of trade, which
had been duller th; an usual. at Christmas time,
owing to the latenest ; of the crops in Jamaica and
the sickness prevailn ig in the other colonies. The
steamer has over a In pillion and a half of dollars in
specie on board.
At Panama there ] lad been arrivals of 2,532,000
dollars, of which 395 ~325 dollars were on English
account.

By the steamer inia, from Valparaiso, there
had also been 194,97 8 dols. received.
The clipper ship Oberon brings advices of De-
cember 7 from Perna mbuco. Sugar continued to
be freely supplied, as id prices had given way, but a
large business was tr ansacted. Of cotton, there
were considerable al rivals from the interior. The
exchange on Loud( m was nominal at 2s. 84{1.
Freight to the Unit( K 1 Kingdom was 475. 6(1-• per
ton.

The New York let ters speak well of trade in ge-
neral, which was a.ct ive. Money was easier, and in
bills of exchange on London a fair business was
transacted, Cott on was in tolerable demand, and
breadstuffs were ri ming.
The balance-Etha al of the National Bank of Bel-
gium is to the 31st: ult. The total business opera,
tions represent tha :sum of 127,390,000 dols. The
circulation was 69,:.:79,510 dols.
In announcing :payment of the first interest
coupon, viz., 8 francs 75 cents. (being 5 per cent.
on the 6/. paid-up),, the directors of the Paris and
Lyons remark :—" The dividend arising from the
profits of working -will be fixed at the approaching
general meeting, ad paid on the Ist July, together
with the half-yea r';s interest falling due at the same
period."

- In announcing a call of 11. per share, payable
between the 18th_ January and Ist February next,
the directors Of the Western of France add :

" This call, which makes the amount per share
paid up 61., will allow an early conversion of the
nominative certificates into others, to bearer'—
i. e., so soon as the Government shall have sanc-

tioned the modiEcations required by the company
in reference to it a statutes."

The following are the numbers of the Bonds of
the Paris and Orleans, designated by lot (at the
drawing of the 14th ultimo), to be paid off at 501.
each, on and after the 3rd instant :-92 Bonds of
the first Loan—viz., 3,801 to 3,892 ; 19 Bonds of
the second Loan--viz., 9,261 to 9,269 ; 11,361 to
11,370.

We may now hope that the Railway Cab-ques-
tion, as it is termed, will be placed in a train for
speedy decision by a competent authority. It
has now been brought before six different Magis-
trates, but none of them have followed the flip-
pant and self-satisfied course adopted by Mr.
A'BECKETT, before whom it was first raised. The
consequences of that judgment might have been
productive of great public inconvenience. It
could scarcely be supposed that the several
companies having metropolitan termini would
be prepared to surrender into the hands of the
Commissioners of Police the right of entry at
all times into their premises —not merely for
themselves, but for any persons who might chance
to be licensed as cab-drivers. Unless the managers
were permitted to enforce the regulations, which
the peculiar nature of their traffic and the protec-
tion of the property of passengers by their re-
spective lines required, the greatest annoyance
would necessarily follow. The Companies
could not be expected to submit to the vexatious
interference to which they would be liable—and
the necessary result would be, that passengers
would have to seek vehicles at the nearest stand
beyond the limits of the Companies' premises.
This course was for a short time adopted by the
Eastern Counties Board, but it was speedily al-
tered at the request of persons using the line.
On Saturday the subject was brought forward
for the sixth time at the Lambeth Police Court.
The Honourable Mr. NORTON and Mr. Emorr
were both in attendance—a course which the
importance of the case not only warranted, but
demanded. In this instance it was a person
authorised by the South-Western Railway Board
to ply at the Waterloo Station that was summoned.
Much interest was naturally excited among the
railway officials and cab proprietors as to the issue
of the contest. The cabbies secured the efficient
aid of Mr. BALLArrsorz ; while the Railway
Board were well represented by Mr. CROMBIE, the
solicitor of the Company, who at once made the
most liberal admissions—everything, in fact, that
could be required for obtaining a final decision on
the broad merits. There was no quibbling, no
evasion, but everything bond fide, and straight-
forward. It appeared in the course of the
discussion, that one Magistrate, and one only,
has adopted the view of Mr. A'BECKETT, al-
though he has evinced greater: discretion, ix not
permitting the penalty to be enforced until the
decision of a Superior Court can be had on the
point. On the other hand, three learned gentle-
men, considering that there was no just cause of
complaint, dismissed the summonses on which
they were called on to adjudicate. Their calm
and deliberate judgments were confirmed by the
opinions of the law officers of the Crown which were
taken on the subject, and forwarded from the
Home-Office to the several Magistrates for their
guidance, and which were to the effect, that the
plying for hire within a railway station was not
within the meaning of the statute. As, however,
there is a difference on the magisterial bench, and
a minority of these functionaries remain uncon-
vinced by the arguments or authority of the AT-
TORNEY or SOLICITOR GENERAL, it is exceedingly
desirable that the question should be set at rest
by the judgment of the Court of Queen's Bench,
which can easily be obtained under the section
referred to by Mr. ELLIOTT on the refusal of a
magistrate to adjudicate, and the railway autho-
rities are willing to undertake the heavy expense
of obtaining a decision. It is more than probable
then that Messrs. NORTON and ELLIOTT will
adopt this course, and refer the matter
to the Queen's Bench. The whole expense
should not, however, be permitted to fall on
one company. All the great trunk lines are
equally interested in the result, and all should
join in the necessary outlay. We have no doubt
that such will be the case, for deeply as they have
been maligned, we have never known a want of
liberality or public spirit on the part of the man-
agers. The South-Eastern, and Brighton, and
Eastern Counties Companies whose termini are
placed within the jurisdiction of the convicting
magistrates, who think that they are sounderlawyers
than Sir FREDERICK THESIGER or Sir FITZROY
KELLY, Sir ALEXANLER COCKBURN or Mr. BETHEL,
may have the greatest reason to desire a
speedy decision, but it is a common cause,
and should, and doubtless will, be met by a
common exertion and a common outlay.

The English Stock Market opened well, Consols
being up to loog ; but they have gone rather
flatter since, being now 100 k to #. Bank Stock has
been very steady :at 224 k. Exchequer Bills are worth
675. to 70s. ; and. India Bonds, 795. premium, being
both rather heavy. The New 3 per Cents. are
1041 to ; and the 3 per Cents., 101 k to 1.
The Foreign Market is inactive. Mexican have
been 23 to f--the news from the Republic being
still unfavourable. Grenada Deferred Bonds are
worth 121 ; Equador, 5} ; and Brazilian New, 98k.
Peruvian Old Stock is worth 105, and firm. Por-
tuguese Old 5 per Cents, have been quoted 42 - and.
Spanish Deferred, 23#. The Certificate is 4cto
The Turkish Loan is only # premium. Dutch 2i
per Cents. have been at 66# to 67 ; and Russian 4i
per Cents. at 104 to #.
Railway Shares are generally very good, and
although there is not a large business doing, prices
are up about per cent., and in some instances
more, Enlitern Counties, Caledonian and Aberdeen
being in most favour. French Shares have been a
shade better.

The Gold Mine Shares are not largely dealt in,
but realise about former prices generally.
The Australian Agricultural Shares are much the
same as on Saturday, and also the other shares.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY,
(From the Official List.)

Business done
Bank Stock
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities lOl 1
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities
New 31 per Cent. Annuities 1042
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860..,.. 6i
Ditto 30 Years, Expire 10th Oct., 1859 .... 6h
India Bonds, £lOOO • 79
Ditto, under £lOOO 79
Consols for Opening 18th January
Exchequer Bills lid. March.
£lOOO 7O 67
£5OO 7O 67
Small 7O 67

June.

PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. —
Ditto New, 1852, 4i per Cent 9Bi
Eqnador Bonds 54
Grenada Bonds, Deferred,
Mexican 3 per Cent. 23
Peruvian 6 per Cent.
Peruvian Deferred 3 per Cent ' - 644
Portuguese 5 per Cent. ' 42
Ditto 4 per Cent
Russian Bonds, 4fper Cent lO4 i
Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent. .......
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent — x d
Ditto New Deferred, 3 per. Cent .... .. . .
Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun, 44 i p e
Turkish Loan, 6 per Cent., 1852 ........ liA. p
French Rentes, 3 per Cent
Dutch Exchange 2i per Cent 67 6g x d
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates.
THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols for Opening 18th January lOO4 i ex .1.

THE ALLEGED ROBBERY OP DOCKYARD STORES.—
Peter German, master of the Unity, schooner, belonging
to Portsmouth, was on Saturday charged before W. N.
Massey, Esq., M.P., Recorder for the borough of Ports-
mouth, with stealing between 14 and 15 cwt. of old iron
stores, consisting of a chain cable, iron knees, iron shack-
les, &c., the property of the Queen. These stores had
formed part of a cargo he had had to convey from the
Dockyard to Johnson's Wharf, London ; and which, on
the return of the vessel to the dockyard, were, informa-
tion being given which led to a search, found on board
in an out of the way place. Messrs. Poulden and Wise
were the barristers on the side of the prosecution, and
Mr. Saunders for the prisoner. The case occupied the
Court nearly six hours, the defence being that the arti-
cles in question were on board the Unity without the
knowledge of the prisoner ; and the jury adopting this
view of the case, acquitted him.

Loss AND RECOVERY OF A milL.—On last Friday
morning, about a quarter before seven o'clock, as City
police-constable No. 224 was going his rounds, he ob
served a chimney sweep in Smithfield staggering under
the weight of a large leathern bag, which he had on his
shoulder. The sweep did not attempt to avoid him, but
boldly accosting him, requested that he (the constable)
would go with him and his burden to the post-office, at
the same time stating that he had found the bag and
contents whilst looking for work. The constable, being
on duty, could not leave his beat, but offered to accom-
pany him to the station-house in Smithfield. This pro-
posal being acceeded to, they carried the load between
them, and on arriving at the police-station it was ascer-
tained to be the heavy mail bag from Newcastle-upon-
Tyne and adjacent places. The sweep accounted for
the possession of the property as follows :—ln passing
through Coppice-row, Clerkenwell, soon after six o'clock,
he perceived what appeared to be a sack of corn in the
carriage road, and going towards it discovered it was a
mail bag. The circumstance has been reported to the
Postmaster-General, and a suitable reward will be con-
ferred on the finder for his honesty and promptitude in
restoring the missing mail to the proper authorities.
DREADFUL MURDER.- It is our painful duty to record
a dreadful murder which was perpetrated on Wednesday
evening last, at Crowl, midway between Beechwood and
Cloughjordan. The victim—a quiet, inoffensive man,
named Hugh Caley, who was bailiff to the Misses Craw-
fo

EARL GRANviLLE.—This nobleman, Lord President
of the Council, met with an accident while hunting on
Thursday with a party of gentlemen, the guests of the
Duke of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire, the
noble earl experiencing a fall which unluckily broke his
collar bone. His lordship was conveyed to London the
same evening, and, we are happy to state, is progressing
satisfactorily to recovery, the medical attendants of the
noble earl announcing that he is going on as well as
possible.

,rd, formerly of Rapla—was shot dead, while reading a
etter at his own fireside. It is stated that an armed
gang came to a window, one of them took deliberate
aim and shot the unfortunate man on the spot, also
severely wounding his son, who was in the act of hold-
ing a candle for his father at the moment. The cause
of the shocking outrage is not ascertained ; but it is al-
leged to arise from some ill-will entertained towards
Cauley by some persons evicted from the Crawford pro-
perty. Cauley was for a number of years in the service
of Mr. Cooper Crawford, of Rapla, by whom he was held
in very high regard, on account of his general good con-
duct. We learn that several persons have been arrested
by the police on suspicion of being implicated in this
fearful deed.—Limerick Reporter.
THE *LATE DUKE OF WHILLINGTON.—We understand
that the will of the late Duke of Wellington is to be
proved under the sum of 800,0001. It has at last been
decided that the car which conveyed the remains of tke
late illustrious Commander-in-Chief to St. Paul's Cathe-
dral is to be placed in the Repository of the Royal
Arsenal at Woolwich, and the pall used upon the occa
sion of the funeral in Chelsea Hospital.

RESPITE OF THE CONVICT BARBOUR.— A special MCl-
mengc r was sent from the Secretary's of State's office,
Whitehall, on Friday evening, to York, bearing a week's
respite for James Barbour, who was under sentence of
death for the murder of Robinson, the hawker. The
execution of Barbour had been fixed for Saturday, the
Bth inst. Another messenger was sent off last night.
This respite for a week only is not the result of any doubt
of the propriety of the conviction, according to the strong
legal evidence produced. It was granted solely on ac-
count of the very pressing solicitations that were urged
at the last moment, and promises of disclosures that it
would be difficult entirely to deny. The authorities of
York Castle, however, are instructed to intimate to the
wretched culprit that his final chance of having his life
spared must depend upon the production of this newly-
promised testimony, and that as far as the evidence al-
ready produced goes, there is no reason for interfering
with the due course of the law.

SERIOUS ILLNESS OF LORD DENMAN.--We are sorry
to have to state that a communication was received in
town on Saturday, from Nice, stating that Lord Den-
man had been seized with a paralytic attack, and that
he was in a very dangerous condition. His lordship's
eldest son immediately left town, to attend upon We
venerable parent,

MONDAY EVENING, JANITARY
THE SUN;,7-MON4rDON
1 8 5 3c
MONEY AND COMMERCIAL XEWS. 1111TTPIT

'AB

WINDSOR, JAN. 8.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert, accompanied by
the Prince of Leiningen, Prince Edward of Saxe Wei-
mar, and Major-General Sir G. Bowles, went out shoot-
ing this morning, attended by Lieutenant-Colonel F. H.
Seymour.
The Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary of
Cambridge, with the whole of the visiting company,
have left the Castle to-day.
The Hon. Amelia Murray and the Hon. Lucy M.
Kerr have succeeded the Hon. Matilda Paget and the
Hon. Mary Seymour as maids of honour in waiting to
the Queen.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY
ELECTION.
SIXTH DAY.
ELEVEN O'CLOCK.

Lieutenant-Colonel the Right Hon. Cecil Forester had
an audience of the Queen to-day, on resigning the office
of Comptroller of the Household.
Those who dined with her Majesty this day were her
Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Serene High-
ness the Prince of Leiningen, her Serene Highness the
Princess Adelaide of Hohenlole, the Lady in Waiting to
the Duchess of Kent, and the Baroness de Speth.
The Queen's private band was in attendance after
dinner in the Castle, and performed the following selec-.
tion

GLADSTONE .
PERCEVAL
QUARTER PAST ONE O'CLOCK
GLADSTONE
PERCEVAL

Overture—" 'Amore Beethoven.
...... .........
Selection, first act—"Zauberflo:,e" Mozart.
Finale—"Stradella" . Flotow.
JANUARY 9.
The Queen and Prince, the Prince of Wales, the
Princess Royal and Princess Alice, the Duchess of Kent,
the Prince of Leiningen, and Princess Adelaide of
Hohenlohe, with the ladies and gentlemen of the Court,
and the domestic household, attended divine service in
the private chapel of the castle this morning.
The Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley officiated.

The Earl of Aberdeen and Lord John Russell arrived
in town on Saturday morning from Windsor Castle.
Earl Granville (Lord President) was prevented attend-
ing the Cabinet Council on Saturday, by his recent
accident.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in town on
Saturday. _

Despatches were sent on Saturday from the Colonial-
office to the Governors of Hong Kong and Ceylon, the
Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, and the
Governor of Malta.
A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday afternoon,
at the Foreign-office, Downing-street. It was attended
by the Earl of Aberdeen, the Lord Chancellor, the Duke
of Argyll, Viscount Palmerston, Lo-d John Russell, the
Duke of Newcastle, the Char cellor of the Exchequer,
Sir James Graham, Sir Charles Wood, and Sir William
Molesworth. The council sat three hours.