The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-13 00:00:00

DANSON'S COLOSSAL PANORAMA of CIIITSAN.

Sp/endid and Extensive Menagerie and Marine Aquarium—Unri.
called Military Band.

VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT,

in which Miss Poole. Miss Ransford, and Mr. Manners sing
several National and Patriotic Songs--All the Amusing Novelties
of the Gardens in succession, concluding with the " Feast of Lan-
terns," and a most magnificent display of Fireworks by Southby.
Admission One Shilling. A splendid Pavilion for Dancing has been
erected. Full Quadrille Band, &c.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPRITIIEATRi.;.

Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke.

Appearance of Mr. CAMF BELL, formerly of the Theatre Royal
Sadlers' Wells.

THIS EVENING,

An interesting Hippodrama, called THE WOODMAN'S HORSE
or, THE FALSE KNIGHT.

_ .
After which, the Chef d'CEuvre of Funambnlism, the performance
of lIERL CHRIS [OFF on the Tight Rope.

The Matchless Stud of the Amphitheatre In the SCENES in the
CIRCLE, invented and conducted by Mr. William Cooke.
To conclude with the Burlesque, called THE SIEGE OF TROY ;
or, THE GIANT HORSE. Compressed into One Act
Boa-office opett from Eleven till Four. stage Manaver, Mr. ate,
W,4t. Acting Manac.;er, Mr. Campbell. Equestrian Director, Mr.
Wm. Cooke, jun.

:-"GH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tnts DAY —Morning 46 cuin.after 5 1 Evening 6 min.aft. 6
To goaaow -Morning 27 rain.after 6 Evening 49 min.aft. 6

THE WEATHER.—Seat OFFICZ, SEPT. 13.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
69 —highest since noon yesterday.
52 —lowest this morning and during the night.
70—this day at noon.

BAROMETER, 30'0.
WIND, S.S.W. to S.W.—Light, with cloudy, sultry
weather. We had a slight shower in the morning, and
the weather seems to change for the approaching Equinox.

rtt -
_ _
ri

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1854,

The CZAR has afforded additional evidence of
his anxious zeal for the welfare and happiness of
his faithful subjects. Be has caused a proclama-
tion to be issued by General KINSENSTERN, giving
directions to the inhabitants of Odessa as to the
course to be adopted in the event of any real at-
tack by the allied forces. They are, forsooth, to
imitate the Moscovians, by reducing their city to
ashes, and then to retire to Tiraspol. Ominous
threats are fulminated against those who manifest
any unworthy hankerings after the Lazes and
Penates who strive to preserve their houses,
goods, or chattels from the conflagration. " Woe
to those who remain behind," saith the irate func-
tionary, "or who attempt to extinguish the
flames !" The nature of the punishment to which
offenders shall be subjected is not specified, but
there can be but little doubt that it will be of
an exemplary character. The pledges thus given
are the only one faithfully performed by "the
god of the Russians" whenever an opportunity is
afforded.

But, after all, these threats, if not so very atro-
cious, would be supremely ridiculous. What is
it, we ask, to the Western Powers whether the
ATJTOCRAT chooses to consign his own territories
to fire aLd destruction or not ? Nay, more, to give
up to the devouring flames the very city spared by
the clemency of the Admirals of England and
France. The notion is puerile in the extreme.
It is analogous to that of spoiled children, who
threaten to tear their clothes or scratch their faces
if their unreasonable demands are not complied
with. We can fancy the ingenious artist of our
facetious contemporary Punch exhibiting a cartoon,
in which NICHOLAS, the precocious offspring of
Sairey Gamp, having disposed of " Clicquors"
wooden leg, and lost the proceeds, which he was
directed t-) expend in liqour, at "toss or buy, for
kidney ones," was offering to commit suicide for the
satisfaction of his parents, the aforesaid "Angel
of Peace," and the good and excellent ABERDEEN
—who would make an admirable representative
of the world-renowned " Sairey."
It would, ,indeed, be suicide, and that of the
worst description, if his nefarious orders were car-
ried into practical operation. He could have
nothing to gain by a sacrifice so terrible, and in-
flicting such fearful sufferings on his own people.
It would be a mere travestie on the burning of
Moscow--which led to results of magnitude suffi-
cient to justify so
awful a step. It arrested the
Conqueror in the heyday of his triumph, and ex-
posed the invading army to the most formidable
perils.
But what could follow from the destruc-
tion of Odessa ? The troops
would have ample
shelter, and every comfort during the winter.
sources
own sub-
jects,The whole of the evil would fall on
greatly re'
be would lose one of the
and of the
large revenue which he has so
not deceive himself •
sap-
plied. Let him with the
notion that it would be considered as a heroic
or even a justifiable act. It would only increase
the detestation with which his character is re-
garded by every independent and right-minded
person ; and he would thenceforward and for ever
be regarded as a brutal and sanguinary miscreant,
who had no claims to civilisation or to the indul-
gent consideration of any man of ordinary huma-
nity who had the slightest feelings for the suffer-
ings of his fellow-men.

But we cannot forget that NICHOLAS is accus-
tomed to put forward proclamations; some of which
are exclusively framed for his own subjects, and
others for his opponents. We believe that this
last truculent production is intended for show
rather than use. It is a flimsy device to disarm
the Allies, and to create a feeling of commisera-
tin for those who would suffer so deeply if it

were carried into execution. But it could scarcely
deceive a member of that gallant, but prover-
bially credulous, corps " the marines." It might,
indeed, be included in Punch's tales for the body.
Indeed it could only be swallowed by CLICQUOT I,
or
one desirous of listening to the flattering tale. All
we can say is that it would be very infamous, if
well founded ; but that we cannot conceive that
even NICHOLAS would be guilty of such unprofit-
able, if not whclly gratuitous, atrocity—such a
fearful infraction of the laws of humanity, without
the hope of leading to any corresponding result.
He may deal with the fortifications—with the
buildings that might be garrisoned by the Allies
—but that is all he is likely to attempt.
Meanwhile, our expedition to the Crimea has,
doubtless, already landed, and commenced
operations against Sebastopol. That there
will be difficulties to be encountered, and
serious impediments to be overcome is certain ; but
we cannot for a moment permit ourselves to doubt
the result. The disciplined and formidable forces
who have undertaken the duty far exceed in
strength any body that can be employed against
them. They will land under the guns of the
combined navies,
,which may be brought to bear
so effectually as to prevent even the semblance of
opposition to their landing. When that task has
been accomplished we may safely confide in their
bravery, energy, and efficiency to render a good ac-
count of any Russian troops that may dare to face
themin the field. We do not believe, however, that
there will be any such attempt. The Russians will
ensconce themselves behind stone walls, and rely
on their granite bastions. The fate of Bomarsund
will, however, prove the futility of such hopes--
of which the capture or destruction of Sebastopol
will afford a second and even a more striking tes-
timony. Beleaguered alike by land and water,
assailed iu all directions—while its so-called men-
of-war skulk beneath its batteries, and perish in-
gloriously—it will afford a tardy recompence for
early inaction, and show that, although in the first
instance we were bamboozled by the wiles of pre-
tended friends, we knew how to vindicate our
characters, and to wipe away every reproach by
the arms of our gallant soldiers and sailor;', in
conjunction with the equally gallant forces of La
Belle France.

There are two points of no small interest in
the late papers from Cape Town ; one chiefly
political, the other chiefly commercial ; and,
different as they are in character, having, we
suspect, a hidden but real connection. The first
is the circumstances of the inauguration of Con-
stitutional Government in the Colony, to which
happy fact we adverted in a general point of
view on Monday. There was naturally an imita-
tion, though with a difference, of the proceedings
of our more august Senate ; an imitation so far
avowed by the' Lower House, that, after providing
many Standing Orders, it was decreed that, in all
cases not provided for, the Standing Orders of the
Imperial Parliament should, so far as applicable,
be the guide. The Lieutenant-Governor, the re-
presentative of her MAJESTY, was announced by a
salute of nineteen guns, was received by the
Legislative Council, its members all standing, till
bid by him to resume their seats, and the House
of Assembly, at his " command " conveyed by a
messenger, entered the Upper House to hear his
Excellency's most gracious speech ; which, a very
long one too, having been delivered to the members of
both Houses standing, and a copy presented to the
President of the one and the Speaker of the other,
the Governor rose, and, after a courteous obei-
sance to both Houses, left under escort of a guard
of honour. Such is the style in which the infant
Legislature has begun to follow the footsteps of
its parent ; and we are inclined to think that
such is the native good sense of the leading men
in the Colony, that the adoption of parental man-
ners in these things will be far removed from
mimicry, and become, in fact, as at home, a part
of the safeguards of political order and pro-
priety.
The chief point of difference was in the
Governor's speech. It was addressed, first to
both Houses, on the circumstance which was the
' one of greatest interest including also the
Imperial question of the Russian war, and nume-
rous subjects of Colonial importance. "Mr.
Speaker and Gentlemen of the House of As-
sembly" were then informed of the state of the
public finances, which, happily, are in a prosperous
condition, and of the purposes for which demands
would be made upon them. We much regret to
find in this part of the speech a baneful relic
of Downing-street distrustfulness, and hankering
for the maintenance of aristocratical colonial
berths, in the announcement of " an amount of
reserve for the public service by her MAJESTY'S
Order in Council for that purpose." A compul-
sory levy for the maintenance of the Vice-Court
in a colony implies an ungenerous and mischievous
apprehension of the colony's loyalty--a want of
confidence exceedingly likely to weaken that de-
sirable sentiment. It is thus that aristocracies
ever peril the honour of the Crown to secure good
things for themselves. The Lieutenant-Governor
resumed the joint address to remind the two
Houses of the importance of co-operation and
harmony, for the disturbance of which some pro-
vision seems to have been made, by giving
the Lower House the initiative of money
bills, but the Upper House the power of
amending them. Unlike our Royal Speeches,
which are studiously empty of matter, this
speech of a kind of Vice-Royalty is as full as that
of an American President. It would seem as if
it touched on almost every colonial topic, besides
being replete with a sort of parental advice to the
youthful Legislators—youthful in appointment,
however, only, for many of them must know far
more of what is desirable in Cape Legislation
than all the Governors which the mother
country could provide, and would, no doubt,
make far better Governors than any of
them. Probably the reason of /the case was
stronger than the wish to carry out the forms of
a Royal opening. The Governor of a Colony, who
had hitherto been in fact legislator and admini-
strator too, had to renounce the former depart-
ment, and consign it to more fitting hands ; he
must, therefore, of necessity acquaint the Houses
with the position in which he had placed things,
and thus enter more fully into detail than a mo-
narch here has occasion to do. We must confess,
however, that we shall not be sorry to find all
such speeches in the Colonies better worth re-
printing than their types at home.
The other principal point to which we adverted
at the beginning, and which indeed is noticed in the
speech also, is the splendid discoveries of copper
ore in Namaqualand, a full report of which to the
Lieutenant-Governor appeared in The Sun of
Monday. Mr. A. G. Bain, a geologist, has visited
the whole district, rather hastily, indeed, but not
too hastily to see hundreds of tons of the richest
copper ore, got with unusually small labour from
the mountains. The greater part of the ore appears
to be that very rich and valuable one for smelting,
carbonate of copper ; and the peculiarity is
that it is not as elsewhere to be mined for in nar-
row lodes, but literally quarried from openings
too large for that designation. Its value cannot
be less than 401. or 451. per ton ; and though its
weight makes it a more serious matter than the
same value of nuggets, to convey from the diggings
to the shore, distant some 40 or 50 miles, yet no
digger needs dig for nothing, and we well know
the means by which articles of such weight and
value can be
easily brought down to the harbour.
About five or
six degrees north of Cape Town, the
Orange River,in
much the largest stream of South
flows from east to wests into the Atlantic;
cultivation, 1 and the outposts of previous
the district of Clanwilliam, lies
little Namaqualand, the territory in question.
Despised it will certainly ere long rival
the glories h
o tfrto'
Australian
and Californian mine's.
hie
contrary certa,inly to
pposed of this district,
Streams are scarce There appears to be, also,
what we had previously Supposed
much rich soil for cultivation.
he formation ofg im-
rvoirs. There seems,
great
,
but water at a small depth abundant, and
isn astauirda,l froers e t
Enefacniliiietieasn
d exist,
almostit
to be no reason, therefore, why the district should
not become a wealthy, and, ultimately, a self-sus-
taining province--•a one in which the man who

had amassed wealth might find an estate and an
agricultural home when desirous to enjoy the fruit of
his toil. The forty or fifty miles between the
mining territory and the sea is described as nearly
level, and as offering every facility for the con-
struction of at least a horse tram-road. Navvy
work in a sandy barren plain would of course in-
volve some peculiar expenses ; but there would be
no land to purchase, and no lawyers' bills for Par-
liamentary expenses. Hitherto the Governor has
declined granting any governmental aid towards
the object. He is probably right, but the
subject will soon be discussed with full knowledge
in the new Parliament. According to present
accounts, we must think that the Namaqualand
copper mines, with the railway, by which these vast
riches will be easily brought to market, present a
mosttempting fieldto the British capitalist. We may
hope that some of the wealth liberated, or rather
created, by an abundant harvest, will find its way
to the opening and working this copper California.
It is nearer home by half than I,,ustralia, and
will prove a much more safe and reliable invest-
, ment.

LATEST NEWS.

THE WAR.

THE PRINCIPALITIES.

The following is the latest communication yet
received ; it arrived this morning from Pesth :
The Austrians, under General Coronini, were ex-
pected in the capital on the 6th of September, and
great disgust at their arrival was expresssd by
almost all the Wallachians. General Popovitch
and Allemand, with a small staff of officers and a
few orderlies, had already arrived. 12,000 men
were to have reached Krajova on the 26th ult.
General Hess's proclamation, a copy of which
was sent to you by the last despatch, remained
still suppressed. Austrian influence had, however,
already shown itself in certain orders issued by his
Highness Omer Pacha. But first it should be men-
tioned that, on the 18th of last month, on the occa-
sion of his Imperial Royaland Apostolical Majesty's
fete, his Highness Omer Pacha informed M. Ressler,
the Austrian consul at Rustchuk, that he and his
superior officers -wished to assist at the fete, and,
to simplify matters, desired that M. Ressler should
draw out a programme of what he might think de-
sirable on the occasion. The programme was so
drawn out, and intimated that at a certain hour
his highness would be expected, at another hour
the generals of division and brigade, and so forth.
His Highness issued his orders agreeably, and they
were carried out—all the powers that be being par-
ticularly punctual. At Bucharest his highness is
pursuing the same course of conciliatory policy to-
wards his fellow-countrymen (the Austrians), and
is even said to have expresssed his intention of
visiting his native land at the close of the war—an
intention which it may be easily imagined he has
not the faintest notion of carrying out. At the
instance of the last invaders of Wallachia his high-
ness has made over to the Austrian consul a major
of Cossacks, a certain Aaron Wallachian
Transylvanian and an Austrian subject. The un-
fortunate man is now a prisoner, with chains on his
legs, in the prison attached to the consulate. By all
Austrian partisans he is said to have committed
assassination and robbery, and is about to be
pursued for a criminal, not a political offence.
It is to be supposed that his Highness Omer Pacha
cannot have given up this man without having all
the documents (at least) duly declaring his guilt ;
but this act has been followed by another, which
throws some little doubt on his probity in the mat-
ter in question. Another treaty between the same
Powers stipulates that the Turks shall not employ
political refugees in their army near the Austrian
frontiers. Upon this treaty a requisition has been
made by the Austrian consul to have those officers
who fought against the Government he repre-
sents, in the Hungarian war, sent away from
the head-quarters of the Turkish army at Bucha-
rest, in consequence of the propinquity to the fron-
tiers of Transylvania. To the infinite disgust of
all the refugees, this requisition has been acceded
to by his Highness Omer Pacha, and eight of his
aides-de-camp have been ordered to Monastir.
Most of these officers are decorated ; they served
the Turkish Government in the war in Bosnia ;
they have, during the present war, done good ser-
vice, and this is their reward ; for an order to Mo-
nastir is only preparatory to one for Asia. Most of
theta will sooner resign the service than suffer such
ungrateful treatment, and the rest of the British
officers who have been serving with the Bashi-
bazouks, have tendered their resignations to his
Highness Omer Pacha in a body, in consequence of
the ill-treatment their men had received at his
hands. They and their horses were left for days
without either food or forage ; pay was hardly to
be expected, or compensation in lieu of rations for
man and horse. The corps, several thousand
strong, was stationed near Turtukai, where the
men had absolutely to support themselves on
Indian corn-cobs and hips and haws from the
woods for twenty days ; it may be imagined, then,
how the horses fared. His highness was remon-
strated with, but in vain. The only reply he
vouchsafed was, that the patriotism of the Bashi-
bazouks had never failed in other hands—a reply
which was written somewhere about the same
period that a number of them were disarmed on
the island of Ramadan, opposite Rustchuk, by
main force. This latter fact was not reported to
you before in consequence of its having reached
your correspondent late, and on no very trustwor-
thy authority. The disarming was performed by
the regular infantry, who were eventually compel-
led to fire upon the unfortunate wretches, five or
six being killed, and perhaps treble the same num-
ber wounded. But to return to the English Bashi-
bazouks. Tho receipt of such a reply, at a period
when the officers had been spending money from
their own private resources to keep starvation from
thinning their ranks, naturally enough determined
them in a body to resign, and of course the men will
disperse. Among them, as mentioned in former let-
ters, are a number of Hindostanees, whose conduct
and fidefity have been uniformly exemplary—as,
indeed, has that of all those under the Englishmen.
Some of these men, on a former occasion, when the
Turks took their horses from them, and wished to
make foot soldiers of them, justly claimed to be
British subject.:—it is to be feared with little avail,
as diplomatic authorities are rather rare in these
latitudes, The manner, too, in which his highness
moved, and communicated his orders to the troops
under General Beatson's command, could certainly
not have been practised in any other country but
Turkey. Let it be imagined with what astonishment
a commanding officer would view a thousand men
or so filing off away from his camp, without having
received the smallest order authorising such a
movement ; and his, if possible, greater astonish-
ment, when a colonel or a major under his orders
produces a written order for the move. This was
precisely the manner in which General Beatson
was treated, and every one must own his resigna-
tion was the only alternative open to him. The
general and his officers are about to place them-
selves at Lord Raglan's disposition.

OMER PACHA AND BARON HESS'S
PROCLAMATIONS.
The Satellite, of the 2d inst., says that it is re-
ported that Omer Pacha had forbidden the procla-
mations of Baron Hess to be posted up in Bucharest;
and that the Hetman of the Wallachian militia,
Salomon, had been imprisoned for disobeying this
order. This measure, if true, must surely have
originated in some misunderstanding ; at any rate,
it scarcely agrees with the proclamation of Dervish
Pacha, of the 28th ult., wherein he announces that
" the Austrians advance into the Principalities as
friends of the Turks." This step would be any-
thing but a friendly one.