The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-21 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 21, 1853.

The Directors of the Bank of England have
again raised the minimum rate of discount. The
increase within a fortnight has thus been no
less than from 2/. to 3/. per annum, or 50 per
cent, on the former rate—an enormous augmen-
tation within so short a period, and one that must
exercise a very baleful influence on the trading
and commercial interests of the country. Can
these proceedings be justified ? That is the ques-
tion ! Is it right or proper that a power so
gigantic, whether for good or evil, should be re-
posed in the hands of twenty-four elderly gentle-
men, chosen not for their financial ability and ex-
perience, but on account of their supposed wealth
and influence ? A man of great ability may un-
qnestionably occasionally be elected under such a
'system, but if so, it will be the result of good
fortune, rather than of judicious and prudential
arrangements ; and there would be just as good a
prospect of such an event if the selection were
made by lot out of the qualified proprietors in
place of by the existing mode.
Now, is it right or proper that a matter of
such vital consequence as the control of the circu-
lating medium of the country should be left in the
hands of parties comparatively irresponsible—who
cannot be called to account in the Legislature, or
by any of the community, save the proprietors of
713aiiit Stock ? We think not. The regulation of
the currency should be confided to a Minister of
State ; and if such were the case, it would speedily
become one of the most important departments of
the Government. Then, indeed, some guarantee
would be afforded for the judicious and discreet
exercise of the trust. Under present circum-
r-ances, any alterations may be wisely or reek-
,wssly resorted to ; and we believe that a large
'proportion of the changes that have recently been
made, fall rather within the latter than the former
category.
If,
as we have already stated, the profits of the
Bank of England onlayndw- total
concerned if there
were that complete
tal, separation between
the banking and issue departments which the &1
vocates of the Act of 1844 asserted would be the
result of that impolitic statut we should,
withritantling the magnitude of
the not-
capital with
in the undertaking, view the
comparative indifference. But matter with
, unfortunately, •
lthet
but too notorious, that the Members
of
Board still arrogate to themselves the functions of
which it was intended to deprive them, and that
they, or at least a considerable majority, even yet
assume to be the arbiters of the rate of interest and
the regulators of the national currency. If they
rterely looked to the welfare and prosperity of the
'proprietors, turning the funds under their con-
trol to the most profitable account, all would
be well ; but they will travel out of the
sphere of their duties, and materially dam-
age their constituents., while inflicting still
more serious injury on the community in general,
finder the mistaken idea that the eccentric varia-
11,'T, in which they occasionally rejoice, add to
vicar c
nns.equence in the eyes of the people.
But, it m_
nuire---that •yt e sal that the c
a b 'cl I • nue was re-
:gram; arrle twas, if not essential, at least de-
Set in. with such the tide of speculation that had
We
ntinent.
land and on the e-x-otra°' rdinary force, both in Eng-
this, assertion, must Before we concur in ;
movement flr'at ascertain whether a
oveinent so uncalled for
any real
Affect ; and, secondly,
4 , so) have
whether the

shaft will reach those against which it was di-
rected, save througlt others, who should be 0.4,
tained and supported, rather than wantonly as-
sailed by persons in the position of the Directors.
The state of the Bank reserve, and the amount
of bullion still remaining in its vaults, and rapidly
flowing in not only from Australia and California,
but from almost all parts of the world, prove that
so far as the state of the Bank itself, there could
have been no imperative necessity for a movement
so dicesive. When arrivals of gold to the amount
of at least a million sterling per month, may be
looked for from Australia alone, "it is impos-
sible," as the Times declares, "to anticipate any
other than a favourable state of affairs." And as
further confirmation of this view, we may men-
tion the fact, that the leading discount houses in
the metropolis have treated the Bank Parlour
Notice as so much waste paper, having declined
to follow the movement, by giving an intima-
tion of increasing the allowance for money held
at call, owing, it is said, to well-warranted ap-
prehensions that "it will not be possible, after
the lapse of a few days, to employ their funds at
the rate now adopted by the Bank."
So much for the utility of the movement. If
any interest be materially affected by the change,
it will be the home trade, the manufacturing,
mercantile, and trading classes. They must prove
the earliest victims of any such alterations. Their
calculations are so nicely made, that any disturb-
ing influence—any new element—may, and very
probably will, transfer the balance from the credit
to the debit side of the account, and convert what
should be a profit into a formidable loss—this ruin-
ing the most meritorious classes, and throwing out
of employment a vast number of those who earn their
daily bread by their daily labour. The speculators,
however, whether domestic or foreign, who pay
enormous rates of continuation or interest, never
less than 20, and frequently as much as 60 or 70
per cent., laugh at such puny efforts, which are
as completely futile and unavailing as were the
sovereign commands of CANUTE to stay the advance
of the ocean wave, or the more modern attempt
of Mrs. PAILTINGTON, to sweep out the rising
flood with a besom. It is no excuse for the parties
to say that, although uncalled for, it can do no
great harm. It can do harm, and was intended to
do harm, but it will be to the industrious, not to
the speculating, classes ; and, therefore, we
say that" the power so grossly and reck-
lessly abused, should no longer be entrusted
to incompetent hands, but that the separation
between the issue and the banking departments,
commenced in 1844, should be completed with all
possible speed ; and that a national note, based on
the national credit, and the profit on which should
be carried to the account of the national Ex-
chequer, should be substituted for that which is
now a legal tender, and that Bank of England
notes should have no further privileges than those
bestowed on any other joint-stock undertaking of
a similar character.

Although the official announcement of the re-
sult of the polling at the Carlow election has yet
to be received, it remains no longer matter of un-
certainty that a defeat in that quarter has been
sustained by Her MAJESTY'S Government. Mr.
SADLEIR has lost his seat in the House of Com-
mons by consenting to be enrolled under the poli-
tical banners of the Earl of ABERDEEN, in the
capacity of Junior Lord of the Treasury. Accord-
ing to the accounts yet received in regard to this
occurrence from ,the opposite side of St. George's
Channel, it would appear that a majority of six
has been secured by the Derbyite candidate, Mr.
ALEXANDER. In 1847 the majority in that same
borough was sixty-three, while in 1852 it was
sixteen—the latter triumph of Mr. SADLEIR being
obtained over Mr. ROBERT BROWN, and the for-
mer over Mr. BROWNLOW LAYARD. Upon the
present occasion the votes polled have been un-
usually restricted—not two hundred names being
given in at the hustings for both candidates to-
gether, ninety-one being inscribed in favour of
Mr. SADLEIR, and ninety-seven in favour of Mr.
ALEXANDER. Naturally enough, the excitement,
which, it will be remembered, was considerable at
the commencement of the struggle, has been won-
derfully increased by its rather startling conclu-
sion. Hopes are now entertained by the more
sanguine of the pure, and high-minded, and unpur-
chaseable Brigadiers that Mr. KEOGH may not
come in as swimmingly for the borough
of Athlone as Mr. MONSELL came in the
other day for the Aunty of Limerick, but that on
the contrary the defeat of the Junior Laid of the
Treasury may augur the equally disastrous dis-
comfiture
of the Solicitor-General for Ireland.
Whether these anticipations will be realised must
remain still some time matter only of conjecture,
seeing that the writ for the new election for Ath-
lone has yet to be issued, the appointment of Mr.
KEOGH having only been resolved upon by the
Earl of ABERDEEN after the rising of Parliament.
Nevertheless the very doubts inspired by this un-
avoidable delay would seem to yield larger scope
for the prophets of evil to the Irish supporters of
the Administration. One of these has already
raised a voice of most lugubrious accents—the
CASSANDRA of the Coalition Government. If we
are to credit the prediction in question, Mr.
KEOGH must regard himself as infallibly doomed
to experience the indignation of his constituency.
" Athlone will avenge his treason." It is the
pompous assertion of the Freeman. Ireland is
to throw aside the men who have dared to take
office under a Liberal Administration. It matters
nothing that the PRIME MINISTER evinced great
magnanimity towards the members of her beloved
religion, at a period of somewhat remarkable
emergency. It matters less that the Right Hon.
Baronet the FIRST Loup of the ADMIRALTY dis-
played, if possible, yet greator daring at that pe-
riod in championing the cause of her hierarchical
institutions. Ireland is to forget everything of
that kind, to scatter ashes if not coals of fire upon
the head of every traitor to the Brigade—meaning
every Irish Representative who ventures to open
up better prospects to his country, by participating
immediately in the labours and responsibilities of
Administration. A petulant spirit of this kind is
every day becoming, in some quarters in the Sister
Kingdom, more and more glaringly manifested.
We regret it deeply, because it augurs ill for the
destinies of Ireland, and gives rise, naturally
enough, to all kinds of sinister suspicions as to
her Representatives. Had the new Cabinet avowed
itself bluntly and openly as in every way inimical
to the interests of our compatriots across St.
George's Channel—we might then understand the
virulence of the attacks directed against those mem-
bers of the Brigade who have consented to take office
under the ABERDEEN Government. But as things
are actually situated, the storm of abuse directed
against those three names—
SA DLEIR—KEO GH—MONSELL

is incomprehensible, except upon the score of
jealousy. Supposing, for example, it had been
possible for the present advisers of the SOVEREIGN
to have promoted all the members of the Brigade
—the whole fifty-two--supposing it had been
practicable for Lord ABERDEEN and his colleagues
to have named the other forty-nine to places under
Government—what then ? Should we have heard
so much noisy declamation about treason to the
cause of Ireland ? Or supposing to the three
names already specified had been added three
others—supposing those three others had been
the subjoined

Durry—MOORS—LUCAS
how would Ireland have been then called upon
by her journals to regard the Coalition Govern-
ment? The secret of all this squabbling across St.
Georges Channel in reference to the ABERDEEN
Cabinet and its supporters appears simply to be thi s—
not that the new Prime Minister has been bidding
successfully for the support of the Brigade, bu'J
that, in doing so, he has been driven, of course, to
the necessity of—making a Selection ! That is
the sore point—there is the rub. In the fact
of Lord ABERDEEN being compelled to make that
elt wemay discover the clue through this
lgabeyeriinnotll of quarrels and recriminations. Ire-
land finds, in consequence,
.that one portion of her
Brigade is charged wlaiitmh
ibneianngswopeerntotothcoisritmtiigoil.
Might she not
withexclaim
the beautiful WORTLEY
indecorum dirty bands,
reply
yn
taxed by Madame de NOAILLES
the
with
iNlootxTEAlhiGaur.,nving

"Do you call niy hands dirty ? Ah, Madame,
si vous pouviez voir mes pieds !" In truth it ap-
'pears to us lamentable that the abilities of the
sons of Erin can never be applied to the higher
labours of administration—but these sons incur
the odium of apostacy, and are vilified as rene-
gades. It was so with Mr. BURKE. It was
so afterwards with Mr. SHELL. It is so now with
Messrs. SADLEIR, KEOGH, and MONSELL. They
are all traitors, and apostates, and renegades. We
ctnnot think that this system can be of much
longer continuance. The more rational part of
the community in the Sister Kingdom cannot much
longer continue blind to the folly of this mode of
proceeding in reference to their more able Repre-
sentatives. The majority of the Brigade, indeed,
have already, either directly or indirectly, pro-
tested against a course so suicidal to the in-
terests of the Irish population. A valiant
and vociferous minority of the Brigadiers alone
claim the honour of hounding on the more
bigotted electors—the patriots who " will be
drowned, and nobody shall save them"—against
the very men who have shown themselves supe-
rior in their intelligence, enlightened in their views,
staunch in their principles, practical in their
liberality, and energetic in their whole conduct
towards their fatherland, and who have, there-
fore, been selected to serve Ireland yet more ad-
vantageously in some of the responsible offices in
the gift of the ABERDEEN Government.

It is, at all events, a mercy to escape a sneering
Premiership ; it is pleasant for Englishmen, when
sending up a respectable depUtation, to feel sure,

at least, of a courteous reception, in reward for
courteous behaviour ; and proportionably morti-
fying, when we would represent to the Head of
her MAJESTY'S Government the views and wishes
of important meetings or classes, to be denied an
audience on the ground that " it is inconvenient,"
for such a large-minded Minister as the author of
the last Reform Bill to listen to such selfish and
one-sided memorialists as we are presumed to be.
In so far, the transference of Premiership must be
gratifying to us all ; and perhaps Mr. M. GIBSON
Will venture now to introduce another deputation
from Manchester, and we certainly think our
Manchester Reformers, and Reformers throughout
the country, ought to be awake and on the alert.
Nevertheless, we are not so well satisfied with the
statements of Lord ABERDEEN at his recent inter-
view with -the actuaries as with his courtesy.
The amount of real comfort gained is twofold, so
far as it goes. First, that the Ministry is now
compelled to give earnest consideration to the ad-

justment of Income-tax inequalities and injustice ;

next, that the abilities of the whole Cabinet are to
be taxed to effect a satisfactory arrangement of all
the difficulties of the question. It will certainly
be a consolation to the sufferers by Schedule D
to know that Mr. GLADSTONE is not left alone
by his coadjutors to grapple with this question, and
it is something hopeful also to find " the most
gifted and strongest Government we have had for
a long time," obliged to give earnest consideration
to what Sir CHARLES WOOD always hitherto as-
serted to be incapable of amendment. We think,
however, that Lord ABERDEEN, with all the allow-
ance we readily make for necessary official reserve,
should have been able to speak a little more posi-
tively. Every man in England, we .have no hesi-
tation in saying, thinks the actuaries were perfectly
right in their statement. Every man thinks that
almost any one of them understands the subject
better than the whole Cabinet put together ; yet
every one also thinks that their views have, in fact,
been so long before the world in the public press,
that the whole Cabinet ought long ere this, ere
they took office indeed, to have had a clear
opinion upon it. We think, then, that Lord ABER-
DEEN was in a position to have said, " Your case is
proved ; it is an insupportable injustice to tax
terminable annuities equally with other incomes,
it is obviously taxing the capital and the income
too." Should a deputation from trades and pro-
fessions also pay his Lordship a visit, and we
earnestly exhort them to do so, we think

he ought in like manner to be able to re-
ply to them, "We consider your case proved
also, and it must be met to the full ex-
tent the nature of the case admits •f."
But to whom are we indebted for the actual posi-
tion of the Income Tax in the Cabinet ? To whom
do we owe it that they are obliged to " consider
earnestly," and to " bend all the powers of an
`All-Talents' Ministry' to the subject ?" Every
candid man must confess that this is due to the
late CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER. Whatever
the merits or demerits of the other parts of his
Budget, the whole nation, except perhaps a
wealthy few, are of one opinion on this point.
He has made it impossible for hero-worship, indo-
lence, or class selfishness, to take shelter under
the dicta of Sir ROBERT PEEL, delivered, as they
were, in a different state of the question, or to
ride off jauntily on the impossibilities of Sir
CHARLES WOOD and his colleagues. Hence the
wrath with which he was accused of having prof-
fered boons to the public at the expense of suc-
ceeding Chancellors. It was no doubt mortifying
enough to all the expectants of office, especially of
that office, to find that Justice had for once been

admitted to a hearing in Downing-street on the
subject of the Income Tax. They knew that her
voice, once heard, was very difficult to silence ;
they knew, moreover, that they could not do at
present without the tax ; it was galling, there-
fore, beyond measure, to them to be driven either
into a damaging contrast with their more honest
predecessor, or to have to confess " that it was
wise, just, and beneficial" to do the very thing
which from PERT's time to the present they had
pertinaciously, selfishly, even doggedly refused
to do. When all the little irritations of Mr.
DISRAELI'S severe single-handed battle in the
House of Commons are quite forgotten, the toilers
and spinners of the country will long and grate-
fully remember the man who gained for them the
first victory in this battle over those who neither
toil nor spin. We verily believe that had he not
practically asserted for us the possibility of a
juster Schedule D, our present CHANCELLOR of
the EXCHEQUER, and perhaps all his colleagues, so
far as their votes or speeches were concerned,
would have been contemptuous opponents of any
attempt to rectify its glaring injustice. Most
sincerely do we hope that if the present Cabinet
should come to us in a short time with a declara-

tion of their inability to assess precarious incomes
on some much juster basis than the present one,
Mr. DISRAELI will have the courage to move a
resolution—" That the principle of his proposal to
charge such incomes one-fourth less than incomes
from permanent sources, though but an approxi-
mation to equity, was still, so far as it went, wise,
just, and beneficial." . We fancy Hon. Members
representing either farmers or borough consti-

tuencies would tremble almost as much to vote
against such a resolution as the borough Members
did to vote for a doubled House Tax.

We are without the least wish to disparage or dis-
credit the present able Government. Still, we are
pretty confident that the country will find Cabi-
net Ministers especially coy to the addresses of
Fiscal Reformers. Taxation is still so much in
favour of the class whence Cabinets are selected,
that self-interest combines with red-tapeism and
indolence to make them shrink from " equitable
readjustments." Glancing over the Budget de-
bate, or the recent hustings speeches, it will easily
be seen how little hope the past has given that the
present Ministry are inclined to do much on the
Income Tax. Even Mr. OSBORNE thought dif-
ferential rates for different sources of income a
difficult question, which he must take time to
consider. Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S last, at Guild-
hail, was, that he thought a greater approxima-
tion to justice than the present Income Tax
possible ; but if, after they had done their best,
they could not mend it, they would make a clean

breast of all their difficulties to the House of Com-
mons, and beg for national sympathy under the
utter impossibility of taxing landlords half so
heavily as tradesmen. Sir CHARLES WOOD
showed his disposition in the debate by carping at
technical difficulties arising from the conflict of his
old schedules with new justice. Many others did
the same; even Sir JAMES GRAHAM thought the
Whole subject open to discussion ; but Mr. GLAD-
STOI.4,,•• 'with whom the whole matter most properly

lies (backed by Mr. GOULBURN), was the most
perverse of all. First of all he flourished in
triumph his astounding discovery that income in
the shape of dividends from the funds was abso-
lutely inviolable,—that hitherto—that is by the
uniformly assessed Income-tax—income from the
funds had been taxed only in common with other
incomes ; but that if the quality of income were
regarded, the special tax distinctly forbidden by
Act of Parliament tFould thereby be levied, and
forthwith the ftmdholder broken. The folly of
the argument was immediately exposed, by the
pen at least ; indeed, it were impossible that any-
thing but his own blind partisanship could palm
off such, a gross blunder upon so acute a man, it
being obvious that the Fueds, according to Mr.
DISRAELI'S proposition, so far from being spe-
cialised, were included under the vast class of
realised and permanent property, and taxed like
all other property of the same kind. Strictly
speaking, a schedule C is unnecessary ; with cer-
tain exceptions, it might be merged in Schedule
A, as Schedule B ought to be in Schedue D, the
farmers accounting for their profits like other
traders. Yet strange to say, on the last night of
the debate, Mr. GLADSTONE, in his great speech
which closed the debate, expressly reserved the
case of the ftmdholder, as one which he would
surrender on no condition whatever ! In that
speech, however, after ridiculing the labours
of the Committee on the Income Tax, be-
cause while agreeing in their general views, there
was just differenr.f.- enough as to the mode of carry-
ing them out to show some independent thought;
after sneering at Mr. Hum; for agreeing with no
one but himself—after taunting the landlords on
the Government side, with consenting to pay their
7d. in the pound, while they let off the trades-
man with 5/d—he yet, pressed by the strong
force of public opinion, was compelled " to follow
the CHANCELLOR of the ExcHEQuER in thinking
the time come to recognise a distinction between
permanent and precarious incomes." Yes, thanks
to BENJAMIN DISRAELI, not to WILLIAM EWART
GLADSTONE, the time is come. When once a
Minister of the Crown, in his place in Parliament,
has the honesty to propose fiscal justice, the time
for it is indeed come. It is a sorry sight to look
back upon either the ignorance, the incompetency, j
or the selfishness of so many Cabinet Ministers,
and politicians for so many years on this subject
—a sorry sight to see them, even now, yielding so
reservedly and cautiously. All honour, however,
to the man who has compelled them to yield ; and,
we would add, let the country beware of
one stale trick of old debaters. Some parts
of the Budget were, no doubt, utterly
indefensible ; we have always regarded them
as sacrifices, fatal sacrifices indeed, made by
Mr. DISRAELI to his political exigencies, much of
a quality with many Whig misdemeanours. We
should not be surprised, then, if by pelting and de-
preciating the author of Income-tax Reform with
his politico fiscal errors, the attempt be made to
discredit the really noble and original part of his
Budget. The country must not permit this.
They must hold Mr. GLADSTONE to the full mea-
sure of his concession ; they must insist on his
going even farther than a difference of one-fourth
between the two classes of income. Three-fourths
would not be reduction enough in many cases, and
a difference of one-half is the very least which
should be imperatively demanded. Whether he
will make up the loss by a little addition to the
assessment on real property, or by legacy and pro-
bate
duties, or real estates when inherited with-
out sale, we leave to him for the present ; the
latter " equitable adjustment" cannot long be de-
ferred.

DEATH OF MAJOR PAGET.—We have to record the
demise of Major Henry Paget, nephew to the Marquis
of Anglesea, and lately on the staff at Cork. The de-
ceased was son to the late General the Hon. Sir Edward
Paget, G.C.8., for many years Governor of Chelsea
Royal Hospital. Major Paget was an officer of consi-
derable promise, and filled the office of aide-de-camp to
the Marquis of Anglesea, while Master-General of the
Ordnance. He was brother to the Marchioness of
Ormond.

ETON COLLEGE.—APPOINTMENT OF HEAD MASTER.—
The Provost and Fellows of the college assembled yester-
day for the purpose of appointing the Head Master of
Eton, the office having become vacant by the resigna-
tion of the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey, the present Provost. The
following were the candidates :—The Rev. Charles 0.
Goodford, M.A. ; the Rev. Edward Coleridge, M.A. ;
Rev. William Gifford Cookesley, M.A. ; Rev, Harry
Dupuis, B.D. ; Rev. Edward Balston, M.A. ; Rev.
Henry Mildred Buck, B.A. (who resigned yesterday) ;
Rev. Charles Luxmore, M.A. ; and the Rev. Williams.
The Rev. Charles 0. Goodford, one of the assistant
masters of the college, was unanimously elected.

DETENTION OP THE MAILS FOR THE CAPE OF GOOD
HOPE, &C.—Notice was issued yesterday at the General
Post-office, St. Martin's-le-Grand, that, in consequence
of the mail steam-packet belonging to the General Screw
Steam Shipping Company which ought to have con-
veyed the mails of the evening of the 14th inst. fer the
Cape of Good Hope, Cape Verd, Ascension, the Mauri-
tius, Ceylon, and India, from Plymouth on the 15th
inst. not being ready, letters and newspapers for the
above colonies will be in time on the evening of the 24th
inst., which will be forwarded to Calcutta by the Hy-
daspes steamer, of 1,800 tons (and not by the Queen of
the South, as previously arranged), appointed to sail
from Plymouth on the 25th inst. with the mails.
ARRIVALS FROM AIISTRALIA.—The Neptune has ar-
rived from Sydney with 17,329 ounces of gold, worth
70,0001. Her dates from that port are only to the 30th
July, and from New Zealand to the 30th September.
H.M.S. Swift has also arrived off Devonport, with
nearly a million of dollars from the Pacific ports. One
house, we know, has 120,000 dollars by this opportunity,
and another expects 100,000 dollars. The dollars by
this opportunity will add to the amount already pressing
on the market for realisation. The Charlotte has also
arrived from Portland Bay with dates to the 12th August,
but it is not yet known if she brings any gold.
DETERMINED SlllClDE.—Yesterday Mr. Wakley held
an inquest at the Dog and Duck, Princess-street, Red
Lion-square, on John Dennis Dowling, aged 46, an ex-
sergeant of the police, and subsequently a summoning
officer of Clerkenwell Police-court. Deceased, who re
sided at 12, Princess-street, had been 15 years in the
police force, serving during that period as sergeant in
the E and S divisions. Latterly he discharged the
duties of summoning officer to the court above men-
tioned. But ill-health having incapacitated him for
duty, he was discharged with an excellent character,
on a pension of 10s. a week. Upon leaving the force
he obtained a situation in the office of Messrs. Austin,
solicitors, 4, Raymond's-buildings. From some unex-
plained cause his wife and five children suddenly left
him three months ago, the wife taking her children
to Aylesbury. Since that period deceased became an
altered man, shunning society, and indulging in
dissipation. About a week ago his employers gave
him a week's leave of absence, in the hope that it
would prove beneficial to him by inducing him to
reform his habits. On Monday night, Mr. Nichols,
occupying the shop of the house where deceased lived,
saw him return home intoxicated, and go to his bed-
room. Soon afterwards a noise was heard in the
room, as if deceased was knocking himself about. Not
making his appearance at the usual hour the following
morning, Mrs. Terrier, residing in the same house,
knocked at his door, and receiving no answer gave the
alarm, and assistance having arrived, the door was burst
open, when deceased was found lying dead in bed and
dressed, and with two recently emptied phials on a table
by his bedside. The phials were marked " poison," and
one of them contained a small quantity of essential oil of
almonds. Verdict----" Deceased destroyed himself, but
what was the state of his mind at the time, there is not
evidence to prove."

FATAL RAILWAY OCCURRENCE.—Yesterday, informa-
tion was forwarded to Mr. Baker, the coroner, touching
the death of a poor man named Heath, who had been
killed under very shocking circumstances at the Hack-
ney Station of the Blackwall Railway. It appears that
about ten on Wednesday night the deceased, who was
one of the railway porters, had handed a gentleman into
one of the carriages of a train which was on the point of
starting, and by some accident he slipped off the plat-
form and fell across the rail. The train was then in
motion, and of course could not be stopped on the in-
stant, and the wheels successively passed over the groin,
very nearly severing the trunk from the lower extremi-
ties. He was removed in a dreadfully crushed and muti-
lated condition, and conveyed upon a stretcher procured
from the neighbouring police-station to the German
Hospital at Dalston, where his sufferings terminated in
death shortly before midnight.
ROYAL ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITAL, BLOOMSBURY-SQUARE.
—A meeting of the committee and friends of the above
valuable institution was held on Thursday evening, at
the board-room, for the purpose of transacting" the usual
business connected with the charity. It appears from
the statement of the committee that there are no less
than 320 patients waiting for admission into the wards,
their cases being too severe to admit of out-door treat-
ment. The hospital being exclusively devoted to the
cure of the different kinds of deformity to which the '
human frame is subject (many cases grow more difficult
if not dangerous by delay), and as the in-door accommo-
dation is unavoidably limited, many must necessarily go
unrelieved unless the number of beds are shortly in-
creased. In furtherance of this desirable object a build-
ing fund has been started, under the most favourable
auspices, a very considerable sum having already been
subscribed. When it is considered that those coming
under the care of the hospital are wholly incapacitated
from the ordinary duties of life, and in many instances
entire families rendered destitute thereby, the benefits
conferred by the charity may be readily estimated. The
number of cases cured of deformity since the opening of
the hospital in 1839, it appears, exceeds 13,000.

MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEWS.

CITY, Two o'CLocir.

The sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at 8,000 bales, of which 1,500 American
were taken on speculation. The market closed
with a hardening tendency as compared with Fri-
day's rates, and prices of American were nearly id.
per lb. higher. Other sorts without alteration. The
sales comprised 6,000 American, 800 Perham and
Maranham at 54d. to 51d., 100 Bahia at 6d., 500
Egyptian at 51d. to Bd., and 400 Surat at 3/{l. to
41d. per-lb. -Railway Shares were flat at lower
prices.

In the Mincing Lane markets this week business
has been dull, owing to the uncertainty about the
future value of money. The holders of Sugar ex-
hibit firmness, under circumstances ; but Coffee is
still declining. At the public sales Assam Tea has
gone at high rates. For Spices there has been a
moderate inquiry. Cotton has been brisker ; and
Rice in moderate demand. Tallow has not been
much dealt in.

The Government of Louis Napoleon is expected
to take an early step in a direction that " looks
like business." We allude to the abrogation of
the duties which caused many of the raw materials
used in the principal French fabrics to be entirely
prohibited. A reduction of the imposts is also said
to be under consideration in reference 'to other
articles, the charge upon which is so high that the
great body of the French people may almost be
said to have been debarred the use of them—coal
and iron being examples. High-priced coal has
deprived the working class of its comfort, and
dear iron has taken from industry p-art of its
efficiency. It is also understood that the al-
kali and soda ash manufacturers of the north
of England can make out such a case in fa-
vour of that large and influential body in
France, the soap and glass manufacturers, as
cannot fail to succeed with a Government pro-
fessedly alive to the advantages of free trade, and
yielding a power sufficient to carry their convic-
tions into law, irrespective of class or interest.
Such a consummation would of necessity bring with
it advantages of no small character to ourselves,
The delicate textile manufactures of Lyons being
cheapened in cost by the importation of the various
British chemicals (especially those classed as raw
materials in the Great Exhibition) would be brought
more within the purchasing power of the trading
classes. The way would also, be cleared for effect-
ing another social good, a change for which the de-
sire is gaining daily more force in this country—
namely, the introduction of the cheap wines of
Bordeaux and the South of France, to displace
some of the adulterated or stimulating home drinks
now consumed. It has become absolutely neces-
sary for the Emperor of France to prove that he is
as powerful for good as some conceive him to be
for evil, and now protection may be said to have
fallen dead on the other side of the Atlantic,
France must follow, or lose her position among
commercial nations.

The following remarks upon the English Mining
Share Market are furnished by Messrs. Tredinuich
and Co.:---
" There has been an unusual amount of business done
in the Share Market during the past week. Dividend
Hines, of course, are chiefly sought after. Wheal
Buller has advanced 9501., buyers ;—the dividend for
the past two months will be 221. 10s. per share, the
balance in hand will be increased 5001., and a steam-
engine lately erected be paid for. The next bi-monthly
meeting will be held in March, when a dividend of at
least 251. will be declared, and if the present standard
is maintained, it cannot stop short of 401., or 2501. per
annum. Devon Great Consols is another mine that
will experience great advantages from the high standard.
We see that to-morrow is advertised for sale 1,832 tons
of copper ore, which, at an advance of 255. per ton in
the price during the month, will give 2,2901., or an
extra profit of 27,480/. per annum, which, added to
46,0801. paid by this mine in 1852, gives a total of
73,560/., which is over 10 per cent. on 7001. per share.
The present price is 415 to 420. Other mines must in-
crease their dividends, and those lately paying their way
must begin to give some returns of profit, and we must
predict a considerable advance in price on most of
them."

The proprietors of the Australian Agricultural
Company have held their twenty-ninth annual
general court this morning, and received an
elaborate report from the directors. At the close
of 1851, the stock of sheep was 122,573, of horned
cattle 9,196, and of horses and ponies 1,569. The
sales of live stock during 1851 were 2,6951. The
total number of persons on the company's estate on
the 31st Dec., 1851, was 403, of whom 93 were em-
ployed in the colliery. The difficulty of the company
in keeping itslabourers was stated to be increasing,
owing to the attraction of the gold-fields. Chinese
labourers have been made available, and have
proved very serviceable. They are said to be able-
bodied and tractable. The quantity of coal sold is
558 tons. The wool clip of the company last year
realised 18,5101., and the total revenue was
43,5671., showing a surplus of 15,7601. over expen-
diture. This affords a dividend of 11. 11s. 6d. per
share, or at the rate of 41 per cent. on the paid-up
capital.
With respect to the Peel River Gold Estate the
proprietors have generally acquiesced in the course
recommended.

The symptoms of returning confidence, which we
anticipated when the action of the Bank of England
had been carried to a point that would afford reason-
able hope of steadiness in the Money Market, are
%heady apparent, and though this may not be so
visible to the casual observer, there are indications
which to an attentive inquirer are not by any means
discouraging. Good Railway Bonds are more in
request, and rather fuller terms are asked, and as
the charge of 3 per cent is bringing out surplus
capital for temporary investment in bills, the
money market will become easier. The desire to
invest in foreign stocks and shares has materially
abated, and the great point will be to maintain this
feeling at the recent high prices.
English holders parted with French Shares, and
now they may feel disposed to buy them back. If
so, the exchanges would be again affected. Con-
sols have been 99 to k for transfer, and 991- to - for
February. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per
Cents. have been marked 103 to f. Bank Stock
has realised 225 to 226 i, being rather fuller rates.
India Stock brings 273. Exchequer Bills of March
are at 58 premium.
Foreign Securities have been flatter generally.
The Turkish Loan is at discount. The Swedish
Loan is 1 to 2 discount. Mexican Bonds are
worth 23, being steady. Grenada Deferred are
only 11g. Brazilian 5 per Cents. are worth 101 i
to Spanish 3 per Cents. are at 461. to 461, and
the Deferred at 22g. Dutch 4 per Cents. have
been worth 961• to 97.
Railway Shares have been dull, but just now are
rather better.
Gold Mining Shares are steady, and in some
ii-
stances dearer. . _

____
The Land Companies are stiffer, with fewer sel•
lens.

BRITISH FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK THIS DAY
(Front the Official List.)
Business clone.
Bank Stock
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 99i 100
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities - 9 i
New 34 per Cent. Annuities lO3 i
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860..... 6 7-16
India Stock a 273
Consols for Account 10th February 994 i
Exchequer Bills lid. March. June.
£l000.
£5OO —
Small ST
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent.
Ditto Small
Ditto New Bonds, 1829 & 39, 5 per Cent lO2
Danish 5 per Cent.
Grenada Bonds, Deferred,
Mexican 3 per Cent
Russian Bonds, 5 per Cent.
Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent. .... ..... 92
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent —
Ditto for the Account .
Ditto New Deferred, 3 per Cent 22
Swedish Loan 1), 2 d
1 arkish Loan, 6 per Cent., 1852
Dutch Exchange 2A per Cent 6SA
HALI-PAST TWO.

Consols
994
Ditto February Account

THE ARMY.—IMPORTANT NOTICE.—The following
notice was yesterday posted up at the Horse Guards,
under the head of " Encouragement to Soldiers." It
stated that by her Majesty's warrant, it is provided that
commissions are to be given to deserving non-commis-
sioned officers recommended by their colonels. In ap-
pointments to the cavalry, a sum of 1501. will be granted
as an outfit ; and in the appointments to the infantry,
a sum of 100/, as an outfit. All sergeants, corporals,
and privates are also to be allowed a gratuity for length
of service or good conduct ; a sergeant to have 151., a
corporal 101., and a private 51. They will also be
allowed a progressive pay per day over and above the
usual pay. It was stated in a note that several regi-
ments of cavalry at present offer an opportunity 'for
recruits joining from the age of 16 to 25. Since the
alteration of the standard of height many young men
join the line,

BRUThL CHILD MURDER.—Yesterday Eliza Lawson,
residing at 1, Oxford-row, Agar Town, discovered in the
garden apposite her house the lifeless body of a full-
grown female infant, savagely mutilated, and wrapped
up in a bedgown and a piece of black cloth. It was in-
stantly removed to the 'lead-house, and, upon examina-
tion by a surgeon, it appeared that the deceased's sides
were compressed together by a heavy weight, and that
the boaes of the skull were flattened by the same means.
In fact, the whole body was crushed like a mummy,
while, as it is supposed, the body was warm, and before
life w),s destroyed. The opinion is that this dreadful
compression of the whole body was effected by its being
placed between two boards, and heavy weights placed
upon the upper board.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.-(THIS DAY.)

QUEEN'S BENCH,

(Before Lord Campbell, Mr. Justice Coleridge, Mr.
Justice Wightman, and Mr. Justice Erle.)

THE QUEEN (IN THE PROSECUTION OF DR
ACHILLI) V. DR. NEWMAN.

The arguments in this case were resumed again this
morning by
Mr. Ellis, on the part of Dr. Achilli. He disputed
the assertion made by Sir A. E. Cockburn, on moving
for the rule, that the verdict was the result of the reli-
gious biases of the jury. The facts led to an entirely
different conclusion, for Sir Frederick Thesiger, in open-
ing his case, distinctly refuted any intention to raise
any religious discussion, and Sir A. E. Cockburn him-
self very eloquently and powerfully appealed to the jury
to divest their minds of all prejudices of a religious cha-
racter; and the jury, instead of forming an opinion :tit
once, which they would have done if they had been
actuated by the motives alleged by Sir A. E. Cockburn,
took three or four hours to deliberate upon their verdict.
In regard to the offences of which Dr. Achilli was ac-
cused, it appeared somewhat singular that, if he were
really guilty of them, he should have been appointed,
from time to time, to important clerical offices, which
enabled him to take confessions and give absolution.
The document produced as the judgment of the Holy
Inquisition against Dr. Achilli was very insufficient evi-
dence, as it did not contain the names of the parties he
is said to have debauched.

Lord Campbell observed that he had some doubts
in the first instance, as to the propriety of receiving the
document, but as the seal was sworn to be that of the
Holy Inquisition, he decided that it was admissable,
and it was given to the jury when they retired to con-
sider their verdict.

Mr. Justice Coleridge—There never was a more un-
satisfactory paper to draw an inference of facts from.
Mr. Ellis concluded by stating that, as it was certain
a new trial could only tend to strengthen the prosecu-
tion, he hoped the Court would not make the rule ab-
solute.

Sir A. E. Cockburn then addressed the Court in sup-
port of the rule. He said that though this case had been
important from the beginning, it now assumed a charac-
ter of far greater importance, for his learned friends
had charged. Dr. Newman and those connected with him
of getting up a false, foul, and fraudulent case, and
having suborned witnesses to perjure themselves. That
he declared it to be a most unbecoming and unworthy
charge, which was wholly unjustified by the circum-
stances that had transpired. The case divided itself
into two parts—first, what he urged when he moved for
the rule, that the verdict was against the bulk of evi-
dence—and, secondly, that raised by his learned
friends, that whether the Court thought or not
the verdict was against the evidence, there were
certainly technical grounds on which the rule must
be refused. In dealing with the first point
he admitted that certain allegations in the defendant's
plea of justification were not established, but they were
very subordinate when compared with those which were
supported by evidence. He apprehended that if their
lordships thought the verdict was in some respects
against the evidence, they would not, on the technical
ground that a verdict must be found for the prosecution,
refuse to send the case back to the jury for the recon-
sideration of the issues which were found against the
defendant. Considering what was involved in the case,
and also that the character of Dr. Newman had now
been imported into it, he should feel it necessary to ad-
vert in detail to the evidence of the different witnesses.
The learned Counsel then commented on the charge
against Dr. Achilli of having had intercourse with
Valenti, a servant in the house of Signora Gentilli, near
Viterbo, laying particular stress on Dr. Achilli's equivo-
cation when cross-examined, he having first said that he
was on a visit at the time specified to a family
named Christophili, and afterwards admitted that
Signora Christophili's name before marriage was
Gentilli. It was well known that in Italy
the wife's name on marriage did not merge into that of
her husband as in this country, and she was frequently
known by her maiden or former husband's name. This
explanation of Dr. Achilli was therefore nothing more
than an outrageous piece of shuffling. The case of
Principe, who swore to having intercourse with him in
the sacristy of the church at Naples, was proved with
equal clearness, the evidence of the girl being supported
by that of the mother. It was clear that the story of
Principe was not invented for the purposes of the action,
for the matter came under the investigation of the police,
the mother and father having charged him with the ruin
of their child. He denied that he went before the po-
lice, but said his friends, from the affection they bore
him, took up the subject. Now he must either have
told a deliberate falsehood, or showed an indifference to
a foul accusation openly made against him, which did
not say much for the morality and religion for which he
claimed credit. He very probably was not present at the
investigation before the police, because it was easy to sup-
pose he dared not venture to confront his victim before
competent authorities, lest his guilt should be discovered.
This unfortunate girl he forcibly seduced in a sacred
edifice, he increased the wrong he had done to herself
and parents by denying any knowledge of the transac-
tion ; the father died, it was said, from grief at the dis-
grace brought upon his daughter, and, under these
circumstances, nothing could be more malignant or
atrocious in the conduct of man than to attempt to
brand the mother and daughter with perjury, when they
came forward to give a simple narrative of what had
taken place. He contended that none of the exceptions
taken to the testimony of these parties could induce
anyone to belief that they had committed perjury. He
was quite satisfied that their lordships would
on de-
liberate consideration, be of opinion that they ought
to send down the case for a new trial. The argu-
ments were likely to occupy the Court the, whole
day.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
(Before Mr. Commissioner Goulburn.)
JUDGMENT ON QUESTION AS TO NON-SURRENDER.-IN RE

GOULDIN.
This case has been before the court on two previous
occasions, on an application by Mr. Bagley to enlarge
the time for the bankrupt's surrender, he having gone to
America before the petition was filed. The bankrupt
was an extensive farmer at Ottenvell, Norfolk, and had
a freehold estate of 400 acres ; and his lands having
been flooded last year, it was alleged he went to America
to look out for an estate, and his family to follow. The
petition in bankruptcy was founded on the grounds that
bankrupt had taken a large sum of money with him,
that his property was mortgaged, and that his relatives
were removing the property.
His Honour, in the first instance, did not think he
had power to extend the time for surrender.
Mr. Bagley quoted the case of Mr. Maclean, formerly
an M.P., in which it was adjourned from time to time.
His Honour said that was on the ground of illness.
His Honour now refused the application, leaving the
bankrupt to apply when he returned, when, if he showed
good cause, he would be absolved from the felony.