The Sun.
London, England, 1854-07-03 00:00:00

TLIE VTRE ROYAL lIAYHARKET.

Vadat the rnanagelnant of Mr. tinchstone.
THIS EVENING, ..Ttitz.z 3,
Will ho peribrmed the Drama of TIIF. KNIGHTS OF TIIE
ROUND WILE. Characters by Messrs. Chippendale, Howe, G.
Vandenhoff, W. Farrell, Compton, and Backstone ; Miss Reynelds,
Miss E. Grey, and Mrs. Iltzwilliam.
Followed by AS LIKE AS TWO PEA.S.
To conclude with the Farce of D.R. DILWORI H.

ROYAL PRI SC ESS'S THEATRE, OX FO RD-ST RE ET.
Under the Management of Mr. CHARLES KuAm.
THIS EVENING, Juror 3,
Will be performed FROM VILLAGE TO COURT. Principal
characters by Messrs. Harley, Fisher, and Cathcart ; Misses Mur-
ray, Heath, and Vivash.
After which, THE COURIER OF LYONS. Principal characters
by Messrs. C. Kean, J. Vining, Addison, Graham, David Fisher,
Cathcart, and Saker; Misses C. Leclero, Heath, Ternatt, and K.
Terry.
To conclude with THE HALT OF THE BALLET.

LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the management of Madame Vestris.
For the BENEFIT of Mr. and Xa. F. MATTHEWS.

THIS EVENING, Jury 3.

Will be presented THE GENTLEMAN OPPOSITE. Characters
by Messrs. C. Mchews, Baker, and Swan; Miss Talbot, and Mrs.
F. Matthews.

Followed by a new Drama, entitled SUNSHINE THROUGH
THE CLOUDS. Characters by Messrs. Roetere, Gladstone, F
Matthews; Madame Vestris, Miss Hughes, and Miss Oliver.
To conclude with ISLE lIINGDOVE3.

THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHI.
Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Dlrectress, Madame Celeste.
THIS EVENING, JULY 3,

Will be performed MASKS AND FACES. Characters by Messrs
B. Webster, L. Murray, P. Bedford, See.; Mesdames Celeste, Wool•
gar, Sec.

After which will be presented the New Extravaganza, entitled
A MOVIN'G TALE, supported by Mr. Keeley, and Mrs. Keeley.
To be followed by WAITING FOR AN OMNIBUS IN THE
LOWIRER ARCADE IN A RAINY DAY.
To conclude Kith HIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan.
THIS EVENING, JULY 3,
Will be performed the Comedietta, caled HEADS OR TAILS.
Characters by Mr Emery and Miss Marston, &c.
To be followed by the Comic Drama called HUSH MONEY.
Characters by Messrs. F. Robson, Emery. White, and Vincent ; Miss
Dormer, and Mrs. A. Wigan.
After which, THE HAPPIEST DAY OF MY LIFE. Cha-
racters by Messrs. F. Robson, J. H. White, Leslie, and Vincent ;
Mrs. Chatterley, Miss P. Horton, and Miss Marston.

STRAND THEATRE..
Sole Lessee Mr. F. W. Aileron.
THIS EVENING, JuLi 3,

Will be pre3ented THE LOVE CHASE. Constance, by Miss
Fitzpatrick.
After which, THE PETS OF THE BALLET.
The Performances will conclude with the Farce of LUCKY
STARS. Characters by Messrs Herbert, Jonas, and Sidney; 311/5
F. Beaumont, 84:c.
'tails, 55.; Boxes, 35.; Pit, Is. 6d; Gallery, 6d.; Private Boxts,
£1 I Is. 6d., to be had of Mr. Allcroft. 15, New Bond-street.

ASTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke.
THIS EVENING, Jor.r 3,
Will be presented the new Grand Historical Military spectacle, en-
titled THE COSSACKS ; or, Vire la France.
Followed by a series of Chef d'Ouvres of Art, or Equitation DE
LA HAUCE ECOLE deve'oped in the Scenes in the CIRCLE, the
whole arranged and conducted by Mr. William Cooke.
To conclude with RUSSIA AGAIN'S f TURKEY, NOW ON
TRIAL.
Rox-otllee open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager. Mr. W.
West.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
Open for the Season.
THIS EVENING, JULY 3,

Will be retested the entirely NEW and BRILLIANT PIECE
of FIREWORK on a gigantic scale, representing the British Lion
and GaWe Cock Trampling on the Russian Eagle. All the numerous
attractions of the gardens as usu 41, including the beautiful Panorama
of Chasm, by Denson—the extensive and interesting Menagerie—
Vocal and Instrumental Concert : Miss Poole, Miss Ransford, and
Mr. Manvers, &c. Concluding with the attack of the British Fleet
on Chusan —Explosion of the Batteries and Ships, and final Grand
Display of Fireworks, by Southby. Feeding the animal?, II:Of-past
Five. Concert, Half-past Six. Fireworks, Quarter to Ten. Ad-
mission to the whole, Is.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tun DAY —Morning 52 inin.after 6 I Evening 18 miu.aft. 7
TO•Mougow— Morning 44 ,nin.aftor 7 / Evening 11 inin.s.fc.. 8

THR virgAnlEU.--Sum Orrice, JULY 2.
TEIBTOICIIIETER, IN Mg SHADE-
-66 - highest since noon yesterday.
56 —lowest this morning and during the night.
69—this day, at noon.

BAROMETER, 30.02.
WIND, S.W.—Fresh breeze, with passing showers.

JULY 3.
70—highest since noon yesterday.
58 —lowest this morning and during the night.
69—this day at noon.
BAROMETER, 29'S5—a sudden fall.
WIND, S.S.W. to S.W.—Light breeze, and fine weather

; . ,
'
1 v...
SA,

LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 3, 1854.

Exactly a year after the passage of the river
Pruth by the Russians, the CZAR rejects, alto-
gether and peremptorily rejects, the final and, it
must be admitted, the sufficiently courteous de-
mand made by Austria and Prussia for the evacua-
tion of the Principalities. The circumstance of
this last insensate proceeding on the part of the
Emperor NICHOLAS is of particular importance,
and one the more entitled to observation, if pos-
sible, occurring upon so memorable an anniver-
. eery. It must not be supposed, of course, that
the intelligence of the AUTOCRAT'S reply to the
Itglerial and Royal communication recently
tr3ilBMitted from Vienna to St. Peters-
burg ris
either inconsistentai in any way, or clashes
--re°tlY. or indirectly, with the accounts
Previously" received from the Seat of War to the
effect that the defes.+-
--a. Muscovites were making
a retrograde movement fr
Moldavia, towards Bessarat*
om Wallachia, through
111.• There is no ques-
tion whatever about the fact
movement There is no doubt
ot that retrograde
to as the forces
of the aggressor having met with ezt anrdi„ry
discomfiture all along the banks of tilt -----
banube
from the vicinity of Kalafat to the borders ot the'
Dobrudscha. Not the smallest amount of uue,
tainty exists as to the reality of the triumph;
achieved by the soldiers of the SULTAN, unaided on
the field of battle by any auxiliary force beyond
that furnished by the Egyptian Contingent
--not
the slightest uncertainty exists as to the value of the
victories won by the Turkish army over the legions
of the AUTOCRAT, whether at Citate or at Olte-
uitza. Any more than there is room for incredu-
lity in regard to the severity of the losses expe-
rienced by Russia in the course of these memorable
encounters. In surveying the record kept of the
events which have transpired during the lapse of
the past twelve months, betweeen the passage of the
Pruth and the rejection of the Austrian summons
for evacuation—the Emperor NICHOLAS can only
find occasion to peruse a long catalogue of enor-
mous and indisputable misfortunes.
During that one terrible year, his principal
geuerals have been either killed or wounded,
while his army itself has been in a manner
decimated. General SosunEr.s is dead. General
LIJDRRS is dead. Prince GOR TSCHA KOFF is dis-
abled. Prince PA.SKI MITCH iS so severely
Wounded that it is still matter of uncertainty
hether lie can possibly continue longer in his
rcsponsfule post as Generalissimo. The cannon-
balls and the musketry of the Turks have mean-
while done such havoc in the ranks of the unfor-
twastearmy under the iule of these luckless Com-
tnanders, that 50,000 men are said to have fallen
on the side of the Russians during the campaign '
of 1.863-In4; according to a generally received,

and, we believe, in no, way exaggerated calculation. I
Compelled to retire f.:rom Lesser Wallachia in the
direction of the Dobr udscha—threatened by the
approaching armies of France and England, hither-
to encamped at Scutari and Gallipoli, but hastening
I at last towards the head-quarters of OMER PACIIA
by way of Varna and Adxianople—convinced, at
heart, that sooner or later the forces despatched
into Moldo-Wallachia must be withdrawn from
thence before the aggregated array of the allied
armaments—the Commander-in-chief of the forces
of the Russian AUTOCRAT determined, at least,
that he would obey the mandate of his Emperor
in one particular, namely, by signalising the
date of his memorable retreat by the bril-
liant and glorious capture of Silistria.
How utterly the unfortunate leader of the
Muscovite legions was worsted in this last des-
perate endeavour, Europe has just witnessed with
delight and admiration. The heroic defence of
Silistria, the unflinching valour of the Turkish
soldiers, the gallant death of Musse PACHA, their
Commander, will long be cherished in the world's
remembrance. It capped the climax of the suc-
cess of the brave Mussulmans. It completed for

the Russians the long sequence of disastrous dis-
comfiture. The latter at once commenced a re-
trograde march through the ravaged Principa-
lities—in the midst of which movement the CZAR
nevertheless deems it befitting his dignity 0)
to reject' the Austrian demand of evacuation.
The Emperor NICHOLAS, in other words, will, if
it so pleases him, agree to concentrate his
forces once more in the vicinity of the Pruth, with
a view not to submission, but to farther operations
against his antagonists, but he will not consent at
the summons either of Austria or Prussia, any
more than he had hitherto done at that of France
and England, to order his soldiers formally to
withdraw from the Principalities. Pride is the
one dominant passion by which his Councils are
directed. Pride altogether precludes him from
the possibility of listening to the summons of any
power upon earth. England and France have
had their demands refused. And now Austria
and Prussia have been replied to precisely
in like manner. And thus has the CZAR signa-
lised the anniversary of the passage of the Pruth
by his troops—at the very time when those troops
diminished by 50,000 men, and with their prin-
cipal leaders killed or wounded, are making a
hasty and general retrograde movement through
the two ravaged Principalities.
Let it now be particularly observed how this
reply on the part of the CZAR will be met by the
chief powers of the Germanic Confederation !
Virtually, those powers are pledged to co-operate
with England and France in defending Turkey
from Russian aggression, and not only the pro-
vinces and the capital of Turkey, but the liberties
and civilisation of the principal States of
the European part of Christendom—in the event
and on the condition of the AUTOCRAT refusing

to evacuate the Principalities, Well—the AUTO:
CRAT has so lefused : he has refused, again and
again, and again, in reply to an almost intermin-
able series of diplomatic communications—now
persuasive and now peremptory. What, there-
fore, it may be asked, will be done by Austria
and Prussia in this juncture and under
these circumstances ? Some of the more
credulous class of politicians may expect that
they will demonstrate their sincerity and good
faith by at last openly joining in arms the ranks
of the still-increasing contingents sent to the East
by the British and French Governments. Ho-
nestly—we do not. We believe they will persist
to the very end in temporising. If for no other
reason, at this moment our jealousies must be
aroused in regard to Austria by the suspicious
pretexts and the ominous moment selected for the
entrance of her troops into the Principalities.

The last returns from the Bank of. England
showed a very large increase no less than
760,5981.—in the amount of bullion stored up
in the vaults at Threadneedle-street. But not-
withstanding that increase—notwithstanding the
easy and comfortable position of the " Old Lady"
in all material points, there is still a further re-
duction of the notes in general circulation—a re-
duction following the heavy diminution which
has been going on, without exception, for a con-
siderable time past. How, we ask, will it be
possible for the overburdened tax-payers to meet
the additional war imposts to which they have
recently been subjected if the nation is still to
undergo further depletion, and to witness, week
after week, the continued withdrawal of the
"life-blood of industry?" How can the unfor-
tunate pater farnilias, who is compelled to earl
his daily bread by his own exertions, continue to
make both ends meet, while the demands on him
are materially enhanced, and his earnings neces-
sarily diminished in consequence of the constant
withdrawal of Bank paper ? It is clearly impos-
sible for struggling men to maintain the unequal
contest. If the Bank Directors persevere in the
course on which they have entered, demanding
extraordinary rates of interest, and keeping on
the screw, we shall, ere the close of the year, wit-
ness a more disastrous state of affairs than that which
paralysed the industrial energies of the nation in
1847, and spread dismay and ruin on every side.
It is impossible to estimate the extent of the mis-
chief that must follow should Parliament separate
, without eliciting the views of the Chancellor of
the Exchequer as to the renewal of the Bank
Charter Act, and the mode by which an adequate
circulation may be maintained during the interval.
Never was there more striking illustrations of
the fatuity and short-sightedness of our so-called
statesmen than in the various monetary enact-
ments that have from time received the legislative
sanction, all tending to restrict and diminish the
supply of money, the representative and mea-
sure of value, to create virtual monopolies, and to
prevent anything approximating to "Free Trade"
or "unrestricted competition" in banking. These
various regulations have been occasioned by con-
founding the shadow with the substance—by
thinking that the currency must have intrinsic
value in place of being merely the representative
°f that value. What would be thought of the
sanity of any person who proposed that no Bill
of Exchange or promissory note should be issued
unless engraved on a gold plate, equal in
value
to
amounteistiiir
all
should be limited to the
Such
sunt thereby secured, or that
greatly they ext„dbill
out at a partic .
ltohweyedshtoouldi or not as they had
tbe:ro:at,sePzaiod and that no matter how
any circumstances,
be al-
their business operations,
while every new firm
from at all dealing ouancaredit, being obliged to
forwards for every
1' tranasaction The person who
be almost universally deemed a
person who ventured to support it and
tdwiot
laughed to soorn by the commercial uwel
dvo eu
brl yde
community,
and yet it would be difficult to show that it was
in any respect more ridiculous, or more untenable,
than the code which is regarded as the perfection
of financial skill 1 We have recently seen the
Nottingham carpente. s striking against the use of
machinery, prohibiting everything that might
diminislin ianual labourand lead tocheaper produc-
tion. aar legislatorial wiseacres, our City Sonoxs
and bullie.nists of every class, wax eloquent on the
folly and I Lbsurdity of those comparatively ignorant
men. Thoy spout the maxims of political economy
to prov a the mistake into which they have fallen,
but although thus clearly perceiving the mote in
their no] ghbour's eye they are utterly insensible
to the b.eam in their own. They virtually strike
against the "labour-saving machinery" of an ade-
quate circulating, medium ; they prohibit that
whiffu would enable us to obtain cheap production;

not in one or two articles merely, but in every
species of manufacture. They strive by these ex-
travagantly lauded regulations to make mot*
scarce, and therefore dear, and thus to bestow
very unfair advantages on one of the belli-
gerents in the great contest of Capital versus
Labour. Let them then reform their money laws
before they dare to condemn the folly, or to sneer
at the ignorance of the Nottingham carpenters !
Why, we ask, should there not be free trade in
money as well as in any other commodity ? Wh y
is banking the only business in which unrestricted
competition is to be prohibited ? Why should we
place notes and deposits on a different footing,
rigidly insisting, so far as the Bank of England is
concerned, on not merely full security for the one,
while no guarantee is demanded for the other,
but requiring that security of a particular class,
for all beyond a certain amount, while up to that
amount a different kind of security is taken ?
Why, as to all private and joint stock banks, save
the Leviathan, do we altogether dispense with se-
curity up to certain amounts, but refuse to accept
any securities, even the deposit of bullion beyond
these specified sums ? These various glaring in-
consistencies, proving that our Legislature is not
based on any fixed principle—that arbitrary rules
have been framed without resting on any recog-
nised basis—all prove, beyond the possibility
of doubt, the necessity of a speedy modification of
these rules, and the transfer from a private
although wealthy establishment to the public
exchequer of the privilege of making money that
shall be made a legal tender, and of the control
and management of the national currency. At
present all is doubtful. Threats have been used
by a Government organ—significant hints have
been given. We desire that these should be
carried out fully and fairly, and that the nature
of the intended changes should be made known,
for the prevailing uncertainty is far more inju-
rious than any distinct and definite course that
could be enunciated by the Financial Minister.

Sir JAMES GRAHAM, in reply to Mr. MILNER
GIBSON'S question touching the nature of the pro-
perty destroyed in the Gulf of Bothnia, carried
with him the feeling of the house by his spirited
appeal in behalf of the officers, seamen, and ma-
rines employed in the execution of the orders of
their superiors. We should be sorry if the same
alacrity of sympathy be not responded to by every
Briton whenever such appeals are made ; but we
must not, nevertheless, allow ourselves to be car-
ried away, or to be hoodwinked as to the real
question at issue by the First Lord's eloquence.
Ist, Was the property destroyed the property
of the Emperor or of the State ?
2d, Are the Fits Russian at heart ?

3d, Have we not been told that all the Finnish
sailors taken in the prizes have been anxious to
enter into our own service and to fight against
Russia, or, if not all, many of them ?
lith, Is anything gained by harassing and ♦ex-
ing the Fins ?

sth, Has one single vessel, in any way intended
for warlike purposes, been destroyed ?
We merely put the questions, leaving it to our
readers to reason upon them. We have our own
od
sinio
ee n nt
esn,
taenad
thew ee ar free
wholepteop admit,
lat
en tehf a the
Rt
Russia
m s
s a can
be made, the more it can be shown that she is
unable to threw a shield over her population, the
more contemptible she can be made to appear as
a naval power in the eyes of her own people—.the
nearer may be the approach to some internal
commotion or home convictions such as, by some
means or another, may result in that sort of peace
that will insure guarantees against future en•
croachments or outraging of general interests in
the lifetime at least of the present tyrant.
There is another side to the picture which will
not escape the scrutiny of such of our readers as
condescend to reason on our queries, but time
and space call upon us to enter upon the real ob-
ject of our article. Sir JAMES Gneueu said well
that " if the enemy would not face us in the open
sea, we were bound to follow or seek him in his
recesses." The inference is, that orders have been
given for so doing, and that the merit or the
blame for late transactions is not with our Ad-
mirals, but with our Admiralty or our Govern-
ment, or the authorities by whose orders the
Admirals have acted. The result and loss of life
are most lamentlble, and we would ask,whether in
giving directions fur destroying property in ports,
harbours, and rivers in the occupation of inoffen-
sive inhabitants, proper provision ought not to
have been made for the protection as much as
possible of life and limb in the event of a sur-
prise, such as came upon our poor fellows who fell
ingloriously, or were taken prisoners at Gamla
Carleby ? Did the Admiralty furnish the Com-
mander-in-Chief with gun-boats capable of going
into as shoal water as ships' launches, and whose
bulwarks would have protected the crews from
the shot of Minie rifles, to which men in our
boats are so exposed that half a dozen good shots
from an ambush are more than equal to a whole
boat's crew pulling for a landing ?
A launch's crew, or the crew of a paddle-box
boat, such as was taken or destroyed, would, with
the officers and marines, number perhaps thirty
men ; and from the time they came within point
blank range, when with a cool enemy every bullet
would find its billet, until the boat touched the
shore and the enemy could be reached, if they
did not cut away, probably ten rounds might be
fired from one rifle at the backs of the poor
sailors, nervously rowing—amid the dropping of
their companions—the catching of crabs—the un-
shipping of oars—alarm and confusion—no matter
how courageous. Talk of six rifles. One well
handled would almost suffice to unman the best
manned boat, where the crews, from the small of
the back to the crown of the head, are exposed,
and whose sides are more or less unable to pre-
vent the passage of a rifle, or common musket, or
even pistol, ball lower down. We say, and we say
emphatically, if our sailors and marines are ordered
upon services within point blank range of the mus-
ketry of the enemy, they ought to be provided with
steam-vessels of as light a draft as possible, with
a rudder at each end, and with, at the same time,
as heavy an armament as is equivalent to the
scantling, whose bulwarks would protect their
crews from the rifle and musket balls of the enemy
they are ordered to molest. Such vessels the
Prussians and the' Russians have, which were
built in England. Such vessels have been built
by Mr. LAIRD, for one power, and Mr. RUSSELL,
for the other. Such vessels have been advocated
by Captain CODRINGTON, Captain CLAXTON, and
other officers of the Royal Navy, who have had
experience in boat service, and such vessels,
drawing from 5 to 6 feet of water, Sir CHARLES
NAPIER has asked for. Such vessels our Admi-
ralty have not sent, but in lieu have spent, per-
haps, 200,0001. on vessels whose lightest armed
and equipped draught will be over 10 feet ! !
and greatest, probably, not less than 12 feet ! ! !
If we stand alone we shall cry shame, until what
we feel to be, and what we know is professionally
thought to be a proper end, is arrived at.

A. Cabinet Counsel was held on Saturday afternoon at
the Foreign-office, Downing-street. The Ministers pre-
sent were—the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Russell,
the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Lord Chancellor, the
Duke of Argyll, Viscount Palmerston, the Earl of Cla-
rendon, Sir George Grey, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir
James Graham, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon.
Sidney Herbert, Sir William Molesworth, and Earl
Granville. The Council sat two hours and a half.
THE QUARTER'S REVENUE.—The revenue to be made
up to Wednesday next, the sth July, will, as far as'can
be safely estimated at the present time—wanting three
days to the completion of the quarter—show a decrease
on the principal items so far as the quarter is con-
cerned. In the Customs this will have been anticipated.
In the Excise, it is possible there may be a slight excess,
but it is very likely that both in Stamps and Taxes there
wi'd be a decrease, though to no considerable extent. On
the
i otherriPhs 'st'°fUce, there will, in all likelihood, be an increase.
increasehand nw,
ialls
ere,pgeiniricallslythae Property-taxppear and the
appear,
attributable37peatr.o tahlethsotuhogfhj
cutotyhu,er
slecBlsl:4oe,f
theit e mit is anticipated,
under the latter head. As regards the revenue of the
fadduetcyreamsac—de
during the last session which have nee/ come fully into
operation—it is probable that the total amount received
reductionss may
sl 'o
%ov
d that of the
TiEntßesn.A.corre-
sponding year, endingTU-31.—InadvttellnetIlv5y,itlill* eoxfocujerell" ii3m'' rleSsssi3o.n7oSfuWielady-
nesday evening., the name of 111‘ J. C. Ilse" was given
in the list of Divinity Prizemen at King's College, Lon- -'
don, It should have been J, C, Bose, 1