The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-28 00:00:00

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passed, the relations of the Christians in Europe
can no longer be the same. The neutrality of
Servia during the Montenegrin war, her present
attitude, and the concessions which the Porte has
recently been forced to make to the Christians,
clearly show that some great change in the Illyrian
triangle is inevitable. As in the Greek question,
so in the present Grieco-Sclavonic one, the Cabinet
of St. Petersburg is in opposition to the Western
Powers, and the issue of the affair will probably be
the same. The meaning of this is, that if Turkey
should lose a part or the whole of her European
possessions, the emancipated provinces will be
placed under the protection of more than one
Power. In Asia matters are far different, continues
the Austrian writer. " There Turkey really is an
empire, but during four centuries it has been little
more than a camp in Europe." The Crescent long
since retreated from Buda to the lower Danube,
and now the Balkan affords but an imperfect pro-
tection to Constantinople. "If Turkey, by the
pressure of Russia on the one hand, and of the
Grieco-Sclavonic world on the other, is forced to
raise her camp in Europe, she will probably gain in
strength, and play a part on her native soil of Asia,
where the germ of political earthquakes for the next
few decennaries is probably already sown." This is
explained as follows:—" The whole of the northern
half of Asia is already in the hands of Russia, and
by means of her agents Persia and Central Asia
have been drawn towards her. British India is
menaced, China is revolutionised, and the United
States have cast a longing eye on Japan."
The Wanderer also states that all the accounts
from the principalities of the Danube seem to con-
firm the rumour of the intention of the Russians to
cross the Danube and attack the frontiers of Tur-
key. It also states from Orsova, that on the 16th
the Turks commenced a movement from Kalafat
towards the island of the Danube near Widdin, and
that only 800 Turkish soldiers remained at Kalafat
when this account left. According to the Wanderer,
however, there are still hopes of a pacific solution,
and it mentions a report at Vienna, which is hardly
probable, that the English Government intends to
recommend the Porte to open direct negotiations
with Russia.
A Belgian journal states that Skanderberg has
completed his tour of inspection of the fortifications
of the Balkan. He has given orders for the erec-
tion of new fortifications in the district of Schipkier,
on the Balkan, and beyond Grahowo.
A letter from Semlin, 18th, says:—" M. Muschin,
Russian Consul-General at Belgrade, arrived here
yesterday. The Pacha of the fortress had threa-
tened to bombard the place if M. Muschin did not
withdraw. There are two parties among the
Servians, and it is very probable that a collision
may take place between them, which may lead to
the intervention of one of the great Powers."
A letter from Bucharest, of the 14th, says :
" Up to this time, it has been the custom for the
Catholics and Protestants to celebrate their fetes
according to the old calendar, as is observed by
the natives. Yesterday a brief of the Pope was
published, ordering that for the future the new
calendar is to be observed."
Prince Stourdza arrived from Bucharest on the
21st, with his family.
The National Gazette of Berlin has the following
from Breslau :—" The authomities in the Sclavonic
provinces of Turkey have received orders to read a
firman of the Sultan inviting the Rajahs to make a
declaration of their sentiments. Assemblies have
been convoked on the matter. At Dubitza, the
firman sent to Fuad Effendi for the Vizir, was pub-
hely read. The chiefs of communes and rajahs
have been convoked. The act signed by them is
thus conceived :

" The sovereign of the Muscovites demands from our
august Monarch concessions which his Majesty cannot
make under any condition. Neither the Turks nor the
Rajahs can blame his Majesty. Honour to God and t•
the Emperor, in whose states our ancestors have lived,
and who has granted to us the kindest protection. Like
our fathers we wish to live and die under his rule, and
do not wish to separate ourselves from him. We there-
fore praise our Emperor and will remain his Rajahs for
ever."

A special correspondent of the Times writes from
Belgrade on November 16 :—" In the present
highly critical position of affairs I have thought
that I could not do better than attempt to throw
some light on the affairs of the Servian Princi-
pality, whose frontiers touch Wallachia and Bulga-
ria on the one hand, and Bosnia on the other, and
whose population forms that part of the Sclavonic
elements of Turkey in Europe which has a national
administration, as contrasted with the purely
Turkish one of Bosnia, Bulgaria, and Macedonia,
which latter province, with a sprinkling of Turks
and Greeks, is substantially Serbo-Bulgarian, even
almost to Salonica. The fortress of Belgrade,
built according to European science during the
Austrian occupation of Servia (1718-1741), instead
of being allowed to fall to decay as it was a few
years ago, has been carefully repaired by the Turks
who hold it, and is well provided with stores and
provisions. 284 cannon bristle on the walls, a
large addition has been made to the reserve artil-
lery, and on the arrival of 200 additional artillery-
men now on their way from Widdin here the gar-
rison will consist of 2,320 men. The governor is
Izzet Pasha, formerly of Tripoli, who is in bad
health, but intelligent ; he is assisted by his son
Haziz Pasha, a young man of talent, who speaks
French admirably, and by a very energetic colonel
of artillery. " I hope the peace of Europe will be
preserved," said a person of conciliatory character
and polite manners to Izzet Pasha the other day.
" I hope so too," said Izzet Pasha, " after the war
is ended." The garrison is in the highest state of
enthusiasm, and impatient at remaining behind
walls. There are to-day rumours in the Servian

town that the Turks have been completely
and have had to burn a bridge. Nothing certain
is known here, but if the Russians come this
way the fortress of Belgrade will give them
some trouble. On the side of Bosnia the re-
lations are curious. Until within the last few
months, Bosnia, in consequence of the conscription
and taxation following on the introduction of direct
imperial rule, was the most dissatisfied province
of the Ottoman Empire. The majority of the here
ditary Beys were in exile in Asia Minor, and the
feudal system was broken up, as well as that
quassi-independence which the Bosniacs enjoyed ;
but since the affair of Montenegro they have had
great apprehension of some Christian fusion, and
their differences with the Porte have been forgotten.
They have shown less readiness, however, than the
other provinces of Turkey to send troops, saying
that they must watch the Servian frontier, and
la3t week a strong body of Bosniac militia actually
moved on Uschitza, which brought out a force
of 2,000 Servians to resist their passage, as Us-
chitza, although garrisoned by Turks, is within the
Servian civil jurisdiction. The Bosniac militia,
therefore, with the tacit consent of the Porte, con-
tents itself with the important duty of watching
Servia. While the people of all classes are looking
forward to some event which may transfer the
Turkish fortresses in Servia to the national Servian

garrisons, and preserve for them a position analo-
gous to that of Greece, the Prince is personally in-
disposed to break faith with the Sultan ; but if he
were to lead out the national troops with the Turks
against Russia they would not fire a shot for the
Sultan. On the other hand, if the Russian party
should seek to make Servia co-operate with an in-
vading force, the position of Servia would become
very critical. Bosnia would burst on them like a

thunder-cloud, while the Turkish reserve7;t. Nissa
and Sofia are at the gates of the Principality. All
true Serviaus, therefore, view with anxiety the
continued residence of M. Muschin here (for he
is not yet gone, on the plea of having to arrange
his archives and receive from St. Petersburg, via
Vienna, by telegraph, the order to quit), and
think that his remaining is more than Russia has
a right to expect under present circumstances, even
from the Russian party.

FRANCE.
The Emperor and Empress are to return from
Fontainebleau to Paris on the Ist of December.
Yesterday the Emperor reviewed the troops of the
garrison of Fontainebleau, Melun, and other ad-
joining towns. The neighbouring brigades of
gendarmerie were also present at the review.
The circular of the Prefect of Police prescribing
sanitary measures is very actively carried out. It
is stated that several cases of cholera have already
occurred in some of the hospitals, and a few in
private houses. There does not, however, appear
to be much alarm on the subject.
On Saturday Vely Pasha went to Fontainebleau
on the Emperor's invitation.

The formation of the battalions of Chasseurs, an-
nounced in our edition of Saturday, is not the only
measure that will be adopted injcase of emergency.
There is no ostensible movement at the War-office,
or in the military establishments of France, that
would attract public attention, but the moment
that the requirements of the service render any
additional measure necessary, there would be an
addition of one battalion to each of the regiments
of the line. The plan is already formed ; and, if
the hostilities of which the Danube is the theatre
take any further extension, the French Govern-
ment will not be unprepared for any emergency
that may arise. It is considered that the Porte is,
under present circumstances, no longer bound by
those motives of delicacy or forbearance it has
hitherto observed, and which have prevented it
from employing in its service all the elements at
its disposal ; and we are informed that it has been
stated on th part of the French Government, and
perhaps on that of England, that there does not
now exist any serious opposition to accepting the
services of the Poles. There are, however, a few
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