The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-18 00:00:00

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

GIIILDHALL.—CharIes Miller was charged with
burglariously entering the premises of Messri. Emery,
the drapers, at the corner of Holborn-hill and Farling-
don-street, and stealing therefrom a piece of Cobourg
cloth of the wholesale value of 28s.
Police-constable 292 said, that about two . o'clock
yesterday morning, as he was going up Farringdon-
street, he saw the prisoner come out of No. 44, and pull
the door to after him. Witness followed him, and he
then ran up Skinner-street, where he was stopped by
policeman 247. The house No. 44 was an empty house,
and the prisoner, when he came out of it, had neither
boots nor shoes on his feet. Witness took him to the
police-station, and returned to watch the premises. ,
Inspector Teague said, when the prisoner was brought '
to the station he noticed his hands were black, as if he
had been clambering over the roof of some house or
other building ; and on receiving the charge he went
with Sergeant Orem and the two officers, 292 and 247,
to inspect the premises in Farringdon-street, when, three
large bags (evidently intended to carry the property
away iu) were found near the window on the first floor,
leading to the leads over Messrs. Emery's shop adjoin-
ing. Witness went on the leads, and found the padlock
that secured, the skylight had been forced from its posi-
tion, the staple and screw having been drawn by means
of a spike gimlet. He also found some congreves, some
of which were partially consumed, strewn about the
floor, and a knotted rope suspended from the skylight
in the shop to answer the purpose of a ladder. A pair
of boots was also found on the premises, which witness
gave the prisoner, telling him he had brought him his
boots, upon which the prisoner put them on his feet
without making any remark.
Sergeant Oram said on receiving information,iof the
Iprisoner's apprehension on a charge. of burglary, he
v'eri to the back of the empty house facing Plumtree-
court, and after climbing over the walls he got on the
leads of the adjoining premises, belonging to Messrs.
Emery. The window -of the back room on the first
floor was 'open and in the room he found a spike gim-
let, which had been used in forcing the padlock, a
jemmy, a dark lantern, a pair of boots, and a piece of
Cobourg cloth. He also found a knotted rope sus-
pended in the shop from the skylight, by which access
had been gained to that part of the premises, and a
ladder was placed near the skylight to afford egress.
A snopman to Messrs. Emery identified the Cobourg
cloth as his employers' property, and stated that the
premises were dosed on Saturday night at half-past 9.
or 10 o'clock. Several of the young men, as well as
Mr. Emery, slept on the premises. The Cobourg cloth
produced was left on the counter in the shop on Satur-
day night,
The prisoner was remanded.

0

• • • -.40
v:r

SYBO-EGYPTIAN SOCIETY.

The last ordinary meeting of the Syro-Egyptian So-
ciety was held on Tuesday evening, the 11th inst., at
their rooms, Mortimer-street, Cavendish-square ; Mr.
Thomas Wright, F.S.A., in the chair.
After the reading and authentication of the minutes of
the preceding meeting, the Rev. Dr. Hewlett and Mr.
Keen were declared elected metabers of the society.
The following communications were made to the meet.
ing

1. The exhibition of a coin, with some very small yet
beautifully executed objects in terracotta, from the city
of Tadmor, in the neighbourhood of the city of Palmyra.
These were almost square in form, having upon each two
recumbent figures, and were evidently the production of
a considerably advanced state of art, on account of their
smallness, as well as of the beauty of execution of the
figures upon them. A magnified drawing of these was
exhibited, which showed that in their general character
they were Palinyrene. The fieures represented were
those of a male and female gracefully reclining upon a
Roman, couch, their head-dress, however, not being
Roman, but partaking rather of an Oriental style.
2. A paper was read, "On the Intellectual Character
and Habits of the Arabians, as, for the most part, dis-
played in the MikAmiit of Al Hariri, of Basra," 'by Dr.
W. Camps,. treasurer of the society. Dr. Camps, com-
menced his paper by stating that, on the occasion of the
establishment of the Chronological Institute of London,
he read the first of, a series of papers on the Chronology
of Medical Literature, from the earliest periods of the
history of medicine, and, in consequence of historical
and literary researches for that purpose, he was led to
observe, in some degree, to what extent the literature as
wellsas the science and art of medicine were indebted to
the Arabian school—an obligation not unfrequently ad-
mitted and acknowledged in classical medical literature
of more modern times. 'At about this time, too, by a
most fortunate accidental coincidence, there fell into his
hands Mr. (now, he believed, Professor) Preston's trans-
lation from the original Arabic, with annotations, of the
MaltdmAt of Al Hariri, of Basra, and he was thus in-
duced to look the more closely into this work, in order
to glean what information it might afford as to the in-
tellectual habits and tastes of this people at a given
period in their history ; and in this he had by no
means been disappointed, for 'it contains a great
deal of ethnological information, as bearing upon the
moral, social, and intellectual faculties and habits
of one of the most ancient, and, in many respects, a very
remarkable race of the great human family. Consider-
ing this people as one variety of a more comprehensive
ethnological class or group commonly designated by the
term Caucasian, they at once present themselves to our
notice attended by much that is highly interesting in
connection with the early history of mankind. Cognate
with the Hebrews, by descentfrom thesTewish Patriarch
Abraham, and so from his son Ishmael, the child of an
Egyptian woman servant, they are not even on that
account, devoid of interest as to their origin and .early
history. In the opinion of many—in which the author
of the present paper concurs—the writer of one of the
oldest poetical works extant was rather Arabian than
Jewish—a volume which, regarded merely as a literary
composition, presents us with, most unquestionably, one
of the very finest and most beautiful specimens of con;
templative poetry that the world has ever seen, or pro-
bably ever will— namely, that ancient work known to
us by the familiar term, the "Book of Job." Amongst
the different people composing, the Syro-Arabian race,
few, if any, are better known to us than the Jews and
their congeners, the Arabians ; and tenaciously as
the former (the Jews) have preserved unto this day
their national characteristics, the latter (the Arabians)
have not less markedly and tenaciously preserved
their national peculiarities. Physically, they are des-
cribed by writers and travellers amongst them to be to-
day what they are said ever to have been ; and whether
observed in their own proper country, Arabia, and in
adjacent geographical limits, or in Africa, this people
are the faithful representatives of the Semitic races. The
Arabians, properly so called, and modifications always
excepted, are, with but few exceptions, rather thin than
robust ; the superior class amongst them, as the sheikhs
and their families, have a most marked resemblance of
figure, the skin indeed varying in colour ; the face is
usually long and thin; the forehead rising in beautiful
but not large expansion towards the summit of the head ;
the nose is for the most part regular and aquiline in
shape, the mouth and chin striking and expressive, thus
imparting a roundish rather than an angular appearance
to the face ; the eyes are commonly dark, almost black
and sparkling, and deeply seated under the eye-brows.
Their limbs are supple, and not very muscular, and
rather small than otherwise, whilst the hands frequently,
even of the males, have a delicacy of size and form which
is almost feminine. In their social relations, too, they
have preserved the same manners and customs, towards
each other, and towards strangers, as they are said to
have exercised in the remotest period of their history.
About 600 years after the birth ofJesus Christ, a new re-
ligion, followed subsequently by anew era in literature and
the arts, had its origin in Arabia. The inhabitants of
this country under their leader, both a prophet and a
warrior, Mahomet, and his immediate successors, issued
forth, sword in hand, from the deserts of Arabia, and
rapidly subjugated to the Koran, by their sword, several
great and powerful provinces .in Asia and in Africa, as
well as a great part, if not the whole, of one European
province, that of Spain. The study of their venerated
book, the Koran. consisting for the most part of the
wild raphsodies of Mahomet and the profession of arms,
were the only pursuits then in repute, or even tolerated
amongst his earliest followers, Under the first succes •
sors of Mahomet, that noble and stupendous monument
of ancient literature, the library-collected at Alexandria,
in Egypt, the most magnificent assemblage of books that
the civilised world could at that time boast of, was con-
sumed by conflagration to ashes. In this devastation,
according to some authorities, four, according to others
eleven, hundred thousand volumes were destroyed, six
hundred volumes only, as it is said, being rescued from
the flaming havoc. When, however, the religious fana-
ticism of the followers of Mahomet had somewhat abated,
after they had become enriched by commerce, and their
military ardour was satiated with conquest, their ignorant
ferocity gradually subsided, and subsequently literature
and the arts were cultivated amongst them, and with
great industry. The medical profession in particular was
rewarded and encouraged with rank and liberal endow-
ments, in many instances superior to every other nation
where the healing art had hitherto been exercised ; and
they, i.e., the Mahometans, early endowed several me-
dical schools in Persia, in Africa, and in Spain. It be-
came a custom with the Mahometans, wherever they
built a temple for religious worship, to append to it a
school, and an hospital for the cure and relief of the sick.
Historians. -assert that one of the Caliphs, in the year
820, sent to the Greek Emperor at Constantinople, to
request copies of his best books, which he ordered to
be translated into Arabic by some of the Jews or Greek
Christians. The works of Galen had been first trans-
lated into the Syriac language, but the translation is
said to have been very wretchedly executed, and adul-
terated, so to speak, with the vain fables and astrologi-
cal notions of the Arabians. Aristotle, too, is said to
have been studied with an incredible ardour
by the fol-
lowers of Mahomet. Magic, 'what is termed judicial
astrology, and the interpretation of dreams were
also in high repute, and by these the Mahometans regu-
lated their most important undertakings. The Arabians,
there is little doubt, combined with their own celestial
observations those made by the Assyrians, the Babylo-
nians, the Egyptians, and the Greeks, in astronomical
science, such as it was. Algebra, too, a species of
science connected with mental or psychological
operations, is, as its name implies, of Arabian
origin, and is a description of universal arithmetic,
by means of which intricate mathematical problems are
resolved, and arithmetical operations greatly facilitated.
Rhayes, A.D. 900, and Avicenna a little later, were me•
dical authors and physicians ; the former being by birth
a native of Persia, practising at Bagdad, and presiding
over an hospital in that city of the Caliphs. Besides
these, the author mentioned, as belonging to the same
category, Haly Abbas, Aveuzour, Avenhoes Albueasis,
and Abi Ashin, with others, he has furnished us with a
catalogue of three hundred medical writers amongst the
Mahometans. The Arabians were at no period of their
history a people altogether sunk in savage barbarism.
The position and the climate of their country might be
expected to conduce to some considerable advance in
their social institutions. A-climate exciting, further, a
naturally lively imagination, might be supposed tobe
favourable to a kind of poetry peculiar to their country,
and as has been remarked, if copiousness and abundance
of imagery, wild and extravagant productions of an
over-excited imagination, intense activity of sensa-
tions, combined with a rare talent for concealing the
fixed principles or maxims of truth and of morality
b sneath the most agreeable veil, as in beautiful figures
ano metaphors, constitute at once the essence and the
charm of poetry, then we say, to no place could we
look with more tolerable certainty of finding this art—
that of poetry—more generally and more successfully
cultivated than in Arabia. The dispersion of the mimes
of the school of Edessa, and the expulsion of the Pla-
tonic sect of Athens, by order of Justinian, contributed
greatly to extend the study of the sciences and of lite-
rature amongst the Arabians ; and after the conquest of
Egypt, by the Caliph Omar, they (the Arabians) soon
learnt to perceive the advantages that accrue to a
people from an application to, and an application of the
sciences, arts, and literature. The academy of Bagdad,
founded most probably by the Caliph Almansor, ulti-
mately acquired a high reputation as a place of learn-
ins" ; so much so as to be held in higher estimation than
siuisntiftounntiosn
Fsaimbriliacriu nwsiththinat,thferoMam haoll-
inaletmosust adnoymaoithh.er
t one
fessars and of pupils into the city of Bagdad, that a
countries of the world, so great was the influx of pro-
of
1. h
Haroun-al-Raschid, extended to a greater degree than
computed there were assembled in that city
science, as well as the pro-
not fewer than six thousand savans. The successortthime eCiatliviphas Almansor, the more distinguished Ca ph
his predecessor his love for
t .ection the former
Christians from
ti'ons. He drew around him intelligent
had bestowed upon learned institu-
S vria and the neighbouring countries, some of whom
en iplcrved themselves in
their literary labours,
tlw Caliph richly rewarded for
translating the Greek authors ;
and authorised them to instruct his subjects in the
various departments of science and art, and especially in
that of medicine. He is described T
by. Abulfeda,Abul-
faraga, an d subsequently by Benjamin of ude la, as
always surrounding hit:laid by some one or more
men, as not disdaining even to take part in their literary
learned
men,
l
and scientific discussions, and as adding or combining
his advice and opinions on many points with those of
the most learned of those that surrounded him. The
most distinguished of the Caliphs, for his promotion of
literature, science, and the arts, was, however, Alma-
mom, assuemessor of Haroun-al-Raschid, who has almost

LAMBETH.--Mrs, Catherine Saville, a respectably,
dressed, middlec aged female, was charged with . de-
stroying George Edward Saville, her infant son, by
drowning.
Ellen Doyle, a servant to the prisoner and her
husband, said, on Saturday morning last a little before
9 o'clock, I saw my mistress (the prisoner) carry the
baby up stairs in her shawl, and soon after she came
down stairs and went out. Immediately after I thought
I heard the baby cry, and went up stairs, but on try-
ing my mistress's bed-room, I found it was locked and
the key gone. I ran down stairs again, and found a
'key which opened the bed-room. On unlocking the door
and going into the room, I saw the poor child lying on
the floor with its face in a basin of dirty water. I
screamed out as loud as I could, and some persons came
to my assistance, but the baby was quite dead.
Eliza Pursell, residing at No. 7, Leonard's-square,
Finsbury, deposed that on Saturday morning she was
at the house of Mr. Saville, and on hearing the last
witness scream, she ran up stairs, and found the child,
who had been just removed from the position in which
it had been found, with its head in a basin of cold water,
quite dead.

Sergeant Jehn Holdeway, 4 P, said that from infor-
mation he received he went to the house of Mr. Saville
on Saturday forenoon, and took the prisoner into cus-
tody. He told her that he took her for killing her
child, and she made no reply, nor did she betray the
slightest regret or emotion when he told her so.
Mr. Clifford, the relieving officer of Camberwell
parish, informed the magistrate that from inquiries he had
made on the subject, it appeared that the prisoner, after
taking the child up stairs, and no doubt placing it in
the position in which it was found, set out from her
home, and proceeded to the place of business of her
husband near Finsbury-square, and on seeing him at
once stated to him the particulars of what she had done.
The husband hoped, though his wife had for some days
exhibited symptoms of aberration of mind, that she was
not guilty of the act, but at once hurried home, when
he unfortunately found that her story was true.
Mr. Elliott said that he should have to remand the
prisoner. After giving the usual caution, the magistrate
asked the prisolier if she wished to say anything in reply
to the charge against her ?

The prisoner, with a smile on her countenance, re-
plied—l wish to speak nothing but the truth. I knew
that the child had been very much neglected, and
thought it had better die and go to Heaven at once. I
was very comfortable, and had everything I wanted.
She was then removed from the' bar, and the :unit,
trate gave directions that she should be at once taken

to Mirsemonger-lane, gaol, to prevent the excitement
that it was thought would have been occasioned by her
being placed with the other prisoners is the cells of the
court, and Serjeant Holdeway was desired to mention
the nature of the charge against the prisoner and her un-
fortunate Malady to the prison authorities, so that she
might be carefully looked after and have the attandance
of Mr. Harris, the medical gentleman in charge of the
prisoners there.

TFIAMES.—Ann, M'Carthy, au elderly Irishwoman,
of No. 5, Glasshouse-yard, Rosemary-lane, was charged
with stealing 3/. 13s. 6d., a hat, handkerchief, and other
property, from the person of Lewis Morris, joiner, of
72, Great College-street, Camden-town.
The prosecutor, whose manner created great merri-
ment in a crowded court, said he was passing over
Tower-hill late on Saturday night, when he fell down
and took a nap on the stones. (Laughter.)
Mr. Yardley—lt was very cold, was it not ?,
Witness—Well, I did pot feel it so, because I had
something warm within me. (Laughter.) Well, sir, I
had a bit of a dream, and while I was dreaming I thought
that some one was pulling at the guard chain of my
watoh. I woke up in a fright, and lo and behold there
were two women had hold of me, and stripping me. My
kat and handkerchief was gone, my coat was half off,
all the money I had, 3/. 13s. 6d. was taken out of my
waistcoat pocket, and my watch guard was cut.
Mr. Yardley—You did not lose your watch, I hope,
Mr. Morris ?

Witness—No, sir ; but there were no thanks to the
ladies. My waistcoat was rent to pieces, and my fob
was cut. I grasped and held them both, and sung out,
" Murder !—police !" as loud as I could ; and when a
police constable came up, I said, " Take these women in
charge for robbing me." He said, • No, I will not." I
said, " You shall, for they have robbed me." " Will
you swear it ?" says he, " To be sure I will," said I ; "is
not my waistcoat rent open ?" but he would not take
them in charge.—l told him I should turn them over tb
another officer, and he took one woman and let the other
go. It was the most complicated affair I ever knew.
Mr. Yardley—So it appears; did you find your
money ?
Witness—No. I want to knoiv what became of my
hat, sir ?

Mr. Yardley—That is a question I can't answer.
Most likely the person who took the money took your
hat. You lost 11. 13s. 6d.
Witness (staring)--11. 13s. 6d. ! Whyitwas 3/. 13s. 6d.
They did not leave me enough for a pot of beer. (Loud
laughter.) ,

Mr.
Yardley—Only 1/. 13s. 6d. is entered on the
poboe-sheet.
Witness—lt is a mistake in the entry. At the sta-
tion-house I saw strange things, and the inspector made
use of very obscene language, quite derogatory to human
nature.

Mr. Yardley—Well, what did he say ?
Witness—He said, "So help me God, you know a
great deal too much, old fellow."
Mr. Yardley— I very much doubt the correctness of
the inspector's observation, but 'do not see any obscenity
in it. Now g? on.

Witness—There ends my catechism. (More laughter.)
Police-constable Bailey, No. 107 H, said that Ire
heard the prosecutor calling out "Police," and on going.
up to the spot he found him without his hat struggling
with the prisoner, whom he charged with robbery.
There was no other woman near him.

.w
.> '

• T., 7 •

merely as forming a suitable occasion and groundwork
for the exhibition of recondite learning and rhetorical
skill. At the same time it must be allowed that Al Ha-
rini has adopted a peculiarly appropriate method of exem-
plifying the branches of literature most cultivated and
esteemed by his Arabian contemporaries. The work is
no idle rhapsody, intended, like the Thousand and One
Nights, to amuse the loiterers of the cafe or the seraglio,
but the elaborate'result of the literary system of a period
in which not only the sciences but the useful arts of life
were sacrificed by the ingenious and studious of a great
nation to a profound grammatical and rhetorical research
into the structure and resources of their own most copious
language." This literary system, Mr. Preston remarks,
originated in the extreme importance attached by Mo-
hammedans to the study of the Koran, which is uni-
versally regarded by them as of divine origin, and ver-
bally inspired. The style of the Koran is so elliptical,
and the dialect in which it is written, though allowed to
be the purest and the best, so totally different from the
language of ordinary life, that it was found necessary,
in order to effect even an approximate solution of its
difficulties, to institute a. close comparative study of the
contemporary and preceding productions of Arabic poets,
and to establish systems of grammar, rhetoric, and logic,
which might be brought to bear upon the revered text.
These sciences, therefore, being the offspring of
religious enthusiasm, acquired so much value in the
estimation of Mohammedans under the Caliphate, as

to cause almost ewery other literary pursuit to be
considered superfluous, if not culpable ; and thus the
study of them became general, and the attainment of
them the chief standard of excellence. They formed
the topics of discussion in all literary and religious as-
semblies ; and those who outshone their competitors in
masterly familiarity with them, combined with copious
command of language, became the object of public ad-
miration, and of the munificence of the rich and power-
ful. Hence it resulted that the eloquent were prone to
depend exclusively on their rhetorical powers for main-
tenance or aggrandisement. They became, as it were,
the knight-errants of literature, wandering from city to
city to contest the palm of genius and erudition with
any rivals whom they might chance to meet with, and
thus attracting the notice and favour of the great. The
M.ikaantit combine the primary excellence of being a
grand collection of specimens of the literature most ad-
mired during a long and important period of Mahome-
tanism, and the secondary- one of containing a correct
and interesting delineation of the character of some of
its most eminent professors. Of the esteem in which the
MiikAintit of Al Hariri have always been held by learned
Moslemin, no better proof can be alleged than the
numerous commentaries (seciond only in number to those
upon' the Koran) written up on it by natives of the re-
motest east and west, both Arabian and Persian. Those
in Arabia which are most approved are two—the one by
a native of Xeres, in Andalusia, the other by a native of
Khouaresen, the north-eastern province of Persia. Much as
every line of the MakAmat has been discussed, the consent
of the Arabs themselves has decided that scarcely one
word or phrase admits of improvement or alteration. An
eminent writer has asserted that they ought never to be
transcribed but in letters of gold on a tissue 'if silk. In
one of the MAkAmAts, that of Barknid, one of the charac-
ters in it is described as invoking the Divine aid, with an
expression of resignation, " I am in G-od's hands, and
shall return to Him "—an expression of resignation to
the Divine will used by the Arabs on the death of any
relative, or on meeting with any serious failure or dis-
appointment—an expression of resignation closely cor-
responding with the submissive exclamation of Job oft
his sustaining heavy and irreparable losses. Mr. Pres-
ton remarks, in one of his notes, that the Arabs as a
nation, partake of that singular resignation for which
their countryman Job was remarkable. He says that
the Bedouin Arabs hold no intercourse with foreigners,
andt.
Their
vast
vocabularytherefore,they
contract
uoe
,t aoo and
todhof
ieft trade,sdgirpaer
e number and wide disper-
sion eti even
of
fotc
its
their
oehoirerr
ac purposestoar
irt rbi
poems which form their literature, and which were trans-
mitted by memory from generation to generation. From
ancient times they prided themselves highly on poetry
and rhetoric. Pocock, Crichton, as well as. Mr. Pres-
ton, remark that the only studies on which they pride
themselves are the philology of their own language,
and the investigation of the laws -of its construc-
tion, together with the composition of poetry and pro -e.
The narrow limits of their sphere of literature and
observation seem to have concentrated the attention of

those amorg them who were,endowed with genius in a
most intense study of the resources of their own lan
guage, insomuch that they were led even to overrate its
importance, and to account excellence in its grammar
and rhetor.c the first of all mental attainments. This

Morris—How can you stand there and tell such a lien?
I had hold of both.

feeling waE fostered and confirmed by the appearance of
the Koran, written in the highest and purest style, and
by its metaphorical and very elliptical phraseology re-
quiring chse study and illustration from other sources
on the part of those who fully understand it. From
that time many eminent grammarians among the Arabs
of the lale towns were wont to sojourn among the
Bedouins, in order to acquire purity of style, and to
establish from their usages the best rules and autho-
rities in grammar. Thus, the learned under the
Caliphate, revering the Bedouins as the parents of their
race, and the repositories of their copious and admired
language. naturally imbibed their peculiar tastes and
habits of thought, till they acquired that almost extra-
vagant (stimation for verbal variety and rhetorical
copiousress which led them to regard the MAkArnAt
of Al Hariri as an incomparable monument of intellec-
tual culture. Numerous quotations from several of the
MtikAnAt as rendered by Mr. Preston, were read to
the meting by Dr. Camps in the course of his paper, as
illustrative of the peculiar mental and social habits and
practices of the Arabians.
An animated discussion followed, in which Mr. Ains-
worth. Mr. Sharpe, Dr. Turnbull, Mr. Wright, Dr.
Holt rates, and the author of the paper took part, after
whicl, the meeting adjourned until the month of May.

Bailey_l only saw one.
Mr. Yardley—And you only found ls. 6d. upon the
prisoner. Discharge her.

7DISPRANCHisiNo SOME HUNDREDS OP VOTERS.—On.
.Saturday the " five bills" of the Attorney-General
._ to
disfranchise certain voters in Canterbury, Cambridge,
Kingston-upon-Hull, Maldon, and Barnstaple were
printed. The names of the voters set forth in the bills,
and it is declared that of they were proved to have, been
guilty
re it ibribery before the late commissions. There-
they declared that they shall " for ever be disabled
to vote in any election of any member or members" for
the particular boroughs named by the bill.
THE GREEK INSURRECTION._ It is currently reported
in respectable circles in Manchester that the Greek mer-
cantile houses there, and in London and Liverpool, have
subscribed largely to promote the insurrection in Tur-
key. The Manchester fund alone is said to have reached
10,0001.
OFFER OP A POLISH LEGION TO THE BRITISH Go-
VIRNM&NT.—A: proposal has been made on the part of
the Poles to form a Polish Legion; which being supplied
with munitions of war shall fight side by side with the
English and French troops against the common enemy.
An address to that effect was sent to the Right Hon.
the Earl of Aberdeen, First Lord of the Treasury, for
his approval ; the following "is the noble earl's reply :
Downing-street Aril 13.
" Sir,—l am desired by my Lord Aberdeen to acknow-
ledge the receipt of the letter you addressed to him on the
3rdinst., in which, adverting to the declaration of war by
England Russia, you express a hope,
on behalf
ehalfaonfd France
yours.r Majestyneelfag aaint your
's Government will allow countrymen residing at
1 Portsmouth, that
h
which being supplied with
Polish
8, Legion,
sideehgealltefisgthttheeeteb ymaide
enemy;with
I e Englishm
yourse
eSecretary
lteatrtye refh has
State
en
for referredW
er and
dr
theth e
munitionsay no 4d I,t'or efnaerhma wartroops s
considerationt oaequ ai nto:f tthhaet
seCorrloannite§.—l have the honour to be, sir, your obedient

)antnortalised. his name by his devotedness to learning.
He carried his zeal for learning so far as to give just
• )ffence to the true Mussulman believers, who contended'
ilat he had most justly exposed himself to Divine wrath
'‘or haYiDg so far favoured philosophyl and 1)37 this means

" CLurros G. DAwuNs,
" Major Btawiarski, 43, Grigg-street, Southsoa,
Fortimouth."

DEPARTURES FOR AUSTRALIA.—The departures from
the p)rt of London for the. Australian colonies during
the cast week show an increase. They have comprised
altogether 11 vessels—five to Sydney, with an aggregate
burden of 4,139 tons ; four to Port Philip, with an
aggreg,ate burden of 1,920 tons ; one to Launceston, of
356 tons, and one to Hobart Town, of 199 tons. Their
total capacity was 6,669 tons. The ratesof freight
exhibit firmness, with a tendency in some particular
cases to improve.
COST OF THE WAlL—Various calculations are afloat
as to our present war expenditure ; that which would
sesm to be not very wide of the mark fixes it at be-
tween 30,0001. and 40,0001. per diem. The drain of
specie,
in payment of our forces, will soon become pal-
p4ble, which will be materially increased if the Turkish
Government is unable to find the large body of troops
which will occupy the Ottoman territory in supplies.—
Sunday Timex.

THE SZYN, LONDON, TUTSDAY EVENING, AP tIL Is. 1118 C

to have diminished in proportion the sacred authority of
the Koran. At Tunis, Fez, and Morocco, and especially
in Spain, literature, science, and art flourished in a
greater or in less degree, as in the establishments of
learning at Cordova, Seville, and Toledo. At this time,
that is, about the eighth century, the various Mahometan
provinces of the East were amongst the chief asylums of
literature and the sciences. History informs us of more
than one Emir of Irak devoted to learning, and one of
thesa, Saif-Ed-Dhala, established at Koufa and at Bag-
sara schools of learning of consiOerable celebrity. An-
other was established at Kurdistan, and Ferusabad, and
which enjoyed a public library, containing as many-as
7,000 volumes. Later, there was established, in the
city of Damascus, a most renowned school, particularly
of medicine, at which the Caliph Malek-adel was accus-
tomed to be present, attending upon the classes, with
his book under his arm. In the very depth of the East,
at Bokhara, there was a school and a library under the
rule of the Saracens. Philosophy was too evidently op-
posed to Islamism to be tolerated, even at first, by the
immediate successors of Mahomet, and, for a long time
after him, the studies that occupied the Pagan philoso-
phers (as they were termed) Were regarded amongst the
most impious of crimes of which the genuine true Mtn-
sulman could be guilty. When, at length, Islamise* and
the empire of Mahomet were sufficiently and firmly esta-
blished by fire and by sword, the Arabians obtained per-
mission to study philosophy after their fashion, The
Arabian dialecticians are said to have formed their mode
after the model of the modern philosophers of the Alex-
andrian school. Astrology and alchemy agreed most
completely with the national tastes and habits of the
nation, although Islamism forbad the practice of magic
and the arts of divination. Mr. Preston, in his transla-
tion of some of the Miskimat of Al Hariri, says, in the
introduction to his book, that the meaning of the word
MtikzimAt, as used by Hairi, is thus explained by one of
his commentators It primarily signifies a place
where one stands I,ll:might ; and hence, the place where
one is at any time. Next, it is used metonymically to
denote the persons assembled in any place,' and, finally,
by another transition, the discourses delivered or con-
versations held in any such assembly.' This metapho-
rical use of the word M4k4mdt has, however, been re-
stricted to discourses and conversations like those nar-
rated by Hariri, and his predecessor, Al Hamadani,
which are composed in a highly-finished and ornamental
style, and solely for the purpose of exhibiting specimens
of various kinds of eloquence, and exemplifying rules of
grammar, rhetoric, and poetry. Basra is situated on
the river Tigris, and is comparatively a modern place ;
a note in Professor Preston's book informs us that it was
founded by command of the Caliph Omar, in order to
interrupt the communication of the Persians, with whom
he was then at war, with India, down the united streams
of the Tigris and Euphrates. The river Ailah, which
falls into the Tigris close to it, waters its gardens, and
makes them so fruitful that it is reckoned one of the
four earthly paradises by the Arabs, the other three
being the vales of-Shiraz, Damascus, and Sarmacand. It
was remarkable during the Caliphate for its popula-
tion, and for the great number of its mosques. There
was a celebrated market-place there, called Mechad,
where poems and other compositions used to be
recited aloud, a practice which gave rise to so
much literary emulation, that the city became one of
the most famous for learning in the East. Basra had
a famous school of grammar, which rivalled that of Koufa;
and therefore Arabian grammarians are divided into the
two schools of the Koufiyans and the Basriyans. The
MdkamAt of Al Hariri have been spoken of as the most
classical series of compositions in Arabic literature; and,
as such, a masterpiece of elegance and refinement. In
the preface to his translation of MAktimett, Mr. Preston
says, "Nor are these appellations unmerited. In elabo-
rate execution and ornateness of style the Mhkil,m6t are
perhaps unrivalled ; they have always been regarded in
the East as models of accuracy ; and the design with
which they were written was purely literary, namely,
to display the vast resources of the Arabic language, to
embody in a series of rhythmical and metrical anecdotes
all the refinements of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history,
and tradition that the author's extensive learning could
supply. To this design the subject-matter of the work
is entirely subordinate, the character and incidents being
selected, not for their intrinsic interest or value, but

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.

cording to the quality of the coals, and the amount of
draught. The models and drawings exhibited were stated
to be conformable to those proportions.
With reference to the supposed necessity for skilful
firemen, the paper stated that the only duty that should
be required from the firemen was the keeping the bars
fully and uniformly covered ; for, if the back end or the
sides of a furnace were left uncovered, the air would pass
through them instead of passing through th• air distri•
butors, as that passage offered the hottest and shortest
route to the chimney. In fact, it was stated that unless
the bars were well and equally covered, it was impossible
to regulate or to control the admission of the air.
As to the use of self acting valves, to regulate the
admission of the air, it was stated, that after numerou.
plans had been tried, during the list ten years all had
been discarded in practice, being found to be worse
than useless. The generation of the gas, and the admit
sion of the air through the uncovered portion of tie
bars, created such irregularity as to defeat all efforts at
at uniformity, and it was impossible, by any self-acting
valves, to obviate the effects of such irregularity. It
was observed, that the Pyrometer, a model of which was
exhibited in action, proved the inapplicability of such
valves, and furnished the only reliable test, as to the
quantity of heat produced, and properly applied in the
generation of steam. It was also observed, that the
colour of the products of the furnace, at the chimney-ti,p,
was but a -ource of error,—the sight-holes and pyrume-
ter supplying all that was necessary, and by which the.
firemen could alone, safely and practically, regulate the
admission of air.
It was announced, that the discussion "On the Pre-
vention of Smoke in Furnaces," and "On the Manage-
ment of Engine and other Furnaces, with a view to
obviate the Waste of Fuel and the Nuisance of Seioke"
would be continued at the meeting of Tuesday, April,ll.

After the reading of the minutes of last meeting, it
was observed that, the statements in the paper on
Ruthven's propeller had been misunderstood ; as it had
been assumed, that the paper stated the useful effect
realised, as 64 per cent. of the whole power of the
engine at.the pistons ; whereas it was really stated to
be 50 per cent., and that the useful effect was 64 per
cent. of the power delivered to the wheel-shaft; which
would materially affect the deductions then made.
That one most important element in the calculation
was lost sight of, namely, the duplicate pressure of re-
action due to the efflux of water through the side of a
vessel at rest ; the whole unbalanced hydraulic pressure
being twice the hydrostatic pressure due to the height of
the nolumn of water. It was contended, that this du-
plicate pressure must exist to some extent, so long as
the effluent velocity of the water exceeded the re-
ceding velocity of the vessel ; and that it diminished
in some ratio with the receding speed of the vessel,
and vanished only, when the vessel had acquired the
effluent velocity of the water,—when the simple pressure
due to the head of water remained. Therefore, that
some allowance muss be made for this duplicate pressure,
and that assuming it to decrease uniformly with the
difference of speeds, the power would be thus estimated
when the speed of the vessel was 62 per cent. of that
of the effluent water, leaving 38 per cent. of excess :-
1 x 100=100 per cent., when the speed of the vessel
was equal to that of the effluent water;
1.38 x 62=85.56 per cent., when the speed of the
vessel was 62 per cents of that of the effluent water ;
Leaving 14.44 per cent. of loss, be excess of speed, as
originally deduced in the paper.
The subject was investigated in three different ways,
each giving the same result.
It was stated, that in 1848 Mr. Purkis, being engaged
in the construction of a fan-blower, thought the same
principle might be adapted to the propulsion of a boat,
and tried it in a model, about 4 feet long and 8 inches
wide, with a small steam engine and two fans, each 2
inches in diameter ; with this he attained a speed of 3
to 4 miles per hour. He then built another boat 25 feet
long, and 4 feet wide, fitted with an engine, with two
cylinders 4 inches diameter and 41 inches stroke, driving
two fans 12 inches diameter of the same form as the
fans of Appold's pump; the water issuing from two
orifices, each of 25 scpiare inches. With this apparatus,
the boat could only hold her way against a tide of about 3
miles an hour. On the substitution of two fans of 7 in.
diameter and the reduction of the propelling orifices
to 7.75 square each, the boat attained an estimated
speed of nearly 8 miles an hour. It was admitted that
these experiments were imperfect, but they tended to
corroborate the statements of the performances of Ruth-
ven's propeller.
The arrangement of Purkis' boat differed from Ruth-
ven's, chiefly in there being three holes on each side of
the vessel , one to propel her ahead, one astern, and one
midship to supply the pump—each being supplied with
a valve to close the orifices not in action, and to act in-
stead of the curved nozzles of the " Enterprise," which
were supposed to be objectional in absorbing power.
The first paper read was "On the Prevention of
Smoke in Engine and other Furnaces," by Mr. James
Simpson, Jun.
The annoyance of smoke incidental to the increase of
habitations and to the extension of manufactures, in all
cities and large towns, had been noticed reprehensively
even as early as the time of Charles the Second, in
whose reign it was proposed to legislate on the subject,
and in 1697 Dr. Pepin devised a scheme for forcing air
down a pipe immediately above the incandescent fuel, to
induce more perfect combustion.
The attention of parliamentary committees was de-
voted to the subject in the sessions of 1819 and 20, and
again in 1843, when a very complete history of the sub-
ject was given in the report, with a clear recapitulation
of the scientific evidence, recommending a freer admis-
sion of air to the furnaces as the "great if not the only
principle, for preventing smoke." In 1845, two other
committees reported "that opaque smoke issuing from
steam-engine chimnies might be so abated, as no longer
to be a public nuisance, and in 1853, the "Smoke
Nuisance Abatement Act" was passed, and was ordered
to come into force in August, 1854. This act rendered
it compulsory on owners of engines arid furnaces to pro-
vide means for preventing the eini-sion of opaque smake,
and it applied, also, to steam vessels navigating the
Thames above London-bridge.
An enumeration Was then given, of the local acts into
which clauses had been introduced for abating the
nuisance of smoke; whence it appeared that there had
been an anxious desire to find means of attaining so de-
sirable an end, and the double furnace firel alternately,
now so extensively used at Manchester, was alluded to.
The chemistry of combustion was then examined, in
order to show, that to imperfect combustion alone must
be attributed the annoyance, as well as the serious pecu-
niary loss, now experienced, in the emission of opaque
smoke from furnaces generally. It was shown, that a
good furnace should prevent the formation of smoke, by
burning all the carbon of the gas evolved ; or in other
words, by combining at a certain temperature, each-atom
of carbon in the gas, with two atoms of oxygen before it
left the furnace ; which combination was the best for
giving out heat, and for evaporating fluids with the least
expenditure of fuel,
The various methods of introducing atmospheric air to
the_lurnaces, and of diffuSing it among the gases, were
then examined, showing that the admission should be
through numerous apertures, so arranged as to permit
accurate regulation, as a greater quantity was required
after the period of adding fresh fuel, than when the fire
was burning brightly and freely.
The various mechanical means and apparatus proposed
for this object were reviewed, and it appeared that in
many of them the combustion was to a certain extent im-
perfect, and the machines were liable to derangement ;
that the alleged saving of fuel depended chiefly on the
manner of stoking, and that it might be attained by a
judicious modification of the grate of any well set boiler,
and by a greater amount of attention on the part of the
fireman, without any mechanical appliances.
The regulation of the air supply by machinery bad
been found to fail, in many instances, on account of the
variation in the qualities of the fuel, and it was con-
tended that it was more advisable to entrust it to the
discretion of the fireman, than to rely upon self-acting
apparatus, which might, however, be advantageously
used for indicating the state of the furnace.
The employment of anthracite and Welsh steam coal
was advoted, not only on account of the absence of
opaque smoke, during their combustion, but also on the
ground of the economy arising from their great evapora-
tive power.
The second paper was "On the Management of Fur-
naces, and the Prevention of Smoke," by Mr. C. Wye
Williams, Assoc. Inst. C.E.
The object of this communication was to endeavour to
remove the mystery which had hitherto obscured, what
was asserted to be one of the simplest, and best under-
stood processes of nature, namely, the combustion of the
gaseous products of coal. A short analysis of the chemical
details connected with the subject was given, to show
that the existence of flame did not imply the combustion
of gas. That 'it was but the preliminary state of high
temperature of the numerous atoms of the carbon of the
gas, which was caused by the intense heat, produced by
the combustion of the other constituent—the hydrogen.
In effecting the combustion of the gas generated from
the coal in a furnace, the first process was merely mecha-
nical,-and consisted in bringing the atoms of the gas and
those of the air into the most intimate state of mixture;
such mixture being the "sine qua non" of subsequent
chemical union. The mode or means by which this
chemical admixture could be effected, in the most rapid,
and intimate manner, involved all that art or human in-
genuity could do, towards producing perfect combustion.
As to the mode of effecting this mixture, or of bring-
ing together the atoms of air and gas, reference was
made to the Argand gas burner, as supplying a good
illustration ; the only difference being, that in the Argand
burner, the gas was projected among the air in numerous
small jets, or films ; whereas, in the furnace, the process
was reversed, the air being brought to the gas in a simi-
lar manner, by means of numerous orifices.
In both cases the effect was identical, and might be
compared to the rose of a watering pot, or of an artifi-
cial " jet d'eau ;"—namely, the producing, on the in-
stant, the largest area of surface for mutual and atomic
contact. Models and-drawings were exhibited, show-
ing, the facility and simplicity. with which both in-
land and marine furnaces, hundreds of small orifices
were introduced, so as to effect the most intimate
mingling of the air, with the gaseous products of com-
bustion.
It was stated, as the result of considerable experience,
that it was a matter of perfect iudiffereacts in what part
of a furnace, or flue, the air was introduced, provided,
this all-important condition was attended to, and satis-
fied, namely, the effecting the mixture of the air and the
gas, before the temperature of the latter was reduced
below that of accension, or kindling. This, according
to Sir Humphrey Davy, should not be under 800 deg,
Faht., as ignition could not take place at a lower tem-
perature—that fact being the principle of safety in the
miner's lamp.
Previously to the introduction of the tubular in place
of the flue system in marine boilers, it had been supposeck
that the introduction of the air, on the Argand principle,
by a perforated plate:behind the bridge, satisfied all ttiat
nature required in producing perfect combustion. The
tubular form of boiler, however, rendered a different
arrangement absolutely necessary. This was occa-
sioned by the run, or distance between the bridge and
the tubes, being so very short, and, consequently, the
passing along that distance being so limited iu time
that the mixing and combustion could not be ade-
quately effected. This, after numerous trials and ex-
pedients, led IVlaaieg the orifices of admission in the
front, or at the or-way end of the furnace. The sys-
tem adopted by boiler makers, of contracting the door-
ways of marine boilers, much impeded a successful
application of the Argand principle. The enlarging the
doer-way opening, as shown ill the models, however,
afforded sufficient space for the required number of or
4-inch orifices. By this arrangement, the length of the,
furnace from the door to the bridge was thus, as it were, MANCLIERTER AUTUMN. MEETING.
added to the length of the run. By this mode of con- f SALFORD BOROUGH CUP struction, the Argand principle had been applied with are struck nt.
out for this event.'
Tile success to marine boilers.—Candlewick and St. Clair
The next point considered was, as to the quantity, or [A as
DVERTISEMENT i—n.oliOway's Pills for Invigorating
uth,oen‘dVeefauki, and Strengthening. the
gross volume of air reuired, and the area or aperture
Debilitated.—These
adaptedr
necessary for its introduction.. On this head it was.
stated, that a great practical error had been frequently 't
invigorateo and
w efficaciouseak
epoidelas
constitutions,
t theito t
000nsl!
persons
f
committed, as it had been stated, that it would suffica, low and nervous habits, or those are suffering from
if the aperture should be equal to 11 square inch for bad destive organs, or those
each square foot of fire surface in the furnace, in the case ere stomach, or
d d
deranged!liver
by bilious affections,
whosew.sho health has become
of single furnaces ; and of but half a square inch, or
'5
-inch for each square foot of grate-bar surface in the iver complaints.. Those affeo tee L withr coughs, colds,
e asthma, or shortness of breath, should have recourse to
case of double furnaced boilers.
these invaluable pills. as
These prlportions were now asserted to be wholly in- foundplainitsa, certain and efficacitheir. mighty powers will be
sufficient, and in fact were not sufficient to allow of one_ous remedy for all these cone
fourth the quantity of air to pass. In practice, it had plaints,
and buoyancy
at the, carne time, strength, new life,
been ascertained that for bituminous coal, from 4 to Ga spirits to the afflicted, and may
square inches were required for each square foot of fur- be taken with perfect safety at anypetLod of life.—Sot_d
by all druggists ; and at Profeatik or Holloway's establish mace ; and for anthracite trona 2to 4 equal'. inches, ac. mat, 244, Strand, London.

SPORTING INTELUGENCE.

NEWMARKET CRAVEN MEETING.
MONDAY.

The CRAVEN STAKES of 10 sous each, with 50 added,
for three-yr-olds. Est 61b ; four, Bst 41b ; five, Bst
131 b ; six and aged, 9st 51b. The winner to be hold
for 6001. if demanded, &c. A.F. 5 subs.
Mr. J. Adkins's Calatnus, 3 yrs, Est 61b ...(Corderey) 1
Captain D. Lane's Alas, 3 yrs, Est 6lb ........(Wells) 2
Mr. Wigram's Legatee, 3 yrs, Est 6lb ..(S. Steggles) 3
Duke of Bedford's Diomedia, 4 yre, Bst 41b ...(PEttit) 4
Lord W. Powlett's Sharavogue, 5 yrs, Bst 131b(Rogers) 5
Betting---2 to 1 agst Alas, sto 2 agst Sharavogue,
and 3to 1 agst Calamus. Won very cleverly by a
length and a half. Two lengths between the second
and third. The winner was claimed for Mr. J. M.
Stanley.

HANDICAP SWEEPSTAKES of 25 sovs each, 10 ft, for
four-yr-olds, and upwards. T.Y.C. 3 subs.
The following were handicapped at 6st 121 b each, but
as Mr. Mare's Ariosto, 6 yrs, Bst 121 b, was struck out
before ten o'clock, their weights were raised to Bst 71b :
Mr. Armstrong's Sabra, 5 yrs Bst 71b (Sly) 1
Lord Glasgow's Coalition, 4 yrs, Bst 71b ...(Flatman) 2
Betting-2 .to lon Coalition. Sabra made the run-
ning ; a good race up the cords ended in her favour by
half a length.
SWEEPSTAKES of 50 sovs each, h ft, for three-yr-olds ;
fillies, Bst 71b ; those by stallions or out of mares that
never bred a winner allowed 41b ; only one allowance.
D.M: 8 subs.
Mr. Lister's Lady Elegant, (41b), Bst 31b ...(Kendall) 1
Mr. Combs's Apropos, sister to Alamode, (41b), Bst 31b

(Crouch) 2
Lord Exeter's Margaretta (41b), Bst 31b.. ...(Forman) 3
Lord Glasgow's f by Melbourne, out of his Actteon
mare (41b), Bst 31b (Fiattnan) 4
Betting-2 to 1 agst Margaretta, sto 2 agst Lady
Elegant, 3 to 1 agst Apropos. Won cleverly by a
length. Bad third. The other beaten f‘ff.
SWEEPSTAKES of 100 sovs. eaoh, h ft, for three-yr olds ;
colts, Bst 71b ; *those by stallions or out of mares that
never bred a winner, allowed 41b ; only one allow-
ance. D.M. 6 subs.
Duke of Bedford's Student, Bst 71b (Rogers) 1
Lord Exeter's Caliban (411,), Bst 31b
Mr. G. Mather's c by Van Tromp, out of Reel (41b).
Bst 31h (%V. :•-harpe) 3
Betti ,g-2 to 1 on Student. Caliban and Reel colt
rau side by side to the cords, where the latter dropped
of; Student then joined Caliban, aud, after a smart race
in, won cleverly by three-quarters of a length. Very
bad third.

Renewal of the SWEEPSTAKES of 50 sovs. each, for three-

yr-old ' • colts, Bst rib ; and fillies, 84 41b, not engaged
in the Riddlesworth, 2,000 gs, or the 1,000 gs Stakes.
D.M. 4 subs.

Duke of Bedford's Weathercock, Bst 71b (Rogers) 1
Mr. Turner's Census, Bst 71b (E. Saari)) 2
Sir R. Pigot's Folly-o'-the-Day, 8-t 41b.. (Flatman) 3
Betting-7 to 2on Weathercock. Won by a length.
About-the same distance between the second and third.
MATCII-84 71b each. T.M.M. 500, h ft.
Duke of Bedford's Sittingbourne (Rogers) 1
Lord Clifdeu's Pefion (Flatman) 2
Betting-9 to 4on Sittingbourne, Sittingbourne
made all the running, and wou by 20 lengths ; Pehon
pulled up lame.
MATCH-Bst 31b each. A. F. 200, h ft. •
Mr. Greviile's Invasion (Flatman) 1
Lord Glasgow's Caracara (Aldcroft) 2
Betting-3 to 1 on Invasion. Caracara made the
running to within a short distance of the bushes, where
Invasion took it up, and, carrying it on, won easily by a
length.

IvlATcn. A.F. 200, h ft.
Lord Glasgow's Doublethong, 4 yrs, B,t 41b (Flatman) 1
Lord Chiden's Poodle, 5 yrs, Bst 9lb (A. Day) 2
Betting-2 to lon Poodle. Poodle made the run-
ning to the cords, where Doublethong went up and ob-
tained the lead, which he maintained to the end, winning
easily by three lengths.
HANDICAP PLATE of 50/,, for three-yr•olds and upwards.

of A

1. M.

- ,•zzve4.- ,Ikr--z ale
SHIPPING INT ELLiGENCE.

LIVERPOOL, April 16. -The William Patten, arrived
here from New Orleans, passed, 11th March, in lat. 34 N.,
long. 67 W., several bales of cotton anti some boxes.
SCILLY, April 14.—The Vereinig, from St. Übes for
Vlaardingen, with salt, was assisted in here last night,
with loss of stanchions, bulwarks, and covering board split►
and making water, having been in collision yesterday with
No. 14 Transport, from London to Malta, when the er"
of the former got on board of the latter, and subsequently
returned to their own vessel ; the Transport lost jib-boOgi'

VESSELS SPOKEN 'PITH.
The Coronet (sch.) from Liverpool to Porto Rico, APO
3, lat. 47 N, long. 13 W.
The Orogon (brig), for Now York, April 6, lat 49 Al 4
long. 12 W.
The Delia Maria, from Liverpool to Charlestown, March
7, lat. 49 N, long. 20 W.
The Robert Hooper, from Liverpool to New York, rob'
26, lat. 4 N, long. 61 W.
The Avalanche, from New Orleans to Liverpool, lat. 25
N, long. 85 W.
The Columbian, from Liverpool to New York, Marc
20, lat. 34 N, long. 74 W.
The John Gardiner, from Boston to Bombay, Feb. 10'
lat. 23 8, long. 25 W.
The Nathan Hannan, outward bound, March 25, lat. 345
N, long. 34 W.

The -Louisiana (American ship), from Baltimore to Loll'
don, April 10, lat. 49 N, long 7 W.
The Othello (Swedish sch.), from London to Rio Janet
March 4, lat. 1 N. long. 23 W.
The George Lord, bound to Plymouth, lat. 50 N, long. 9
W.
The Barbara (ship), from London to St. John's, April
lat. 49 N, long. 11 W.
.

April 17.—The Caroline Louisa, of Bideford, bound tg
Genoa, with loss of main-mass, fore-topmast, &c., and one
man overboard, was spoken with two miles off Cape 481'
tel, by the Island Queen, arrived at Gibraltar.

Extract of a despatch from her Majesty's Vice-Consul s 6
Galatz, dated March 27, 1851
There has been an embargo on all vessels since 3fon•
day last, but as no communic..tions are made to Consulates
or any public notice given, it is difficult to ascertain
whether the hindrance comes from the high authorities, nr
merely from subalterns.
(Signed)

" CHARLES CUNNINGHAM."

COUNTRY MARKETS.

CHELMSFORD—Ai:am 15.
Prices to-day were as follow :—Wheat, white, old 69' t
to 84s Od, new 6.1 s to 81s ; red, old 578 to 80s, new 59i ""
80s ; barley, 27s to 35s ; chevalier, 33s to 388 ; grindin
21s to 308 ; malt, 61a to 65s ; chevalier, u4s to ; oat",
24s to 31s ; peas, partridge, 39s to 44s ; white 47s to 492
boiling 51s to 6 s ; dun, new, 39S to 41s ; beans, tick,
to 40s ; Harrow ticks, 36s to 42s ; Mazagan, 36s to 395.

COLCHESTERo-.APRIL 15.
Prices to-day were as follow :--Wheat, white, 76.3t0 BS''
red, 723 to 8./s ; barley, 34s to 3As ; oats, 28s to 333 bowl
Mazagan, 36s to 3is ; middle and small, 38s to 46s ; Pea"'
white, 56s to 60s ; grey, 38s to 425.

Official Statement of the Quantities of Corn, &c., received
in the port of London, from the following ports, f'°`"f'°`",„ the 10th to the lath April, both inclusive.

A_o_t%l4
I

0
S
-- 510
14
4Z 0

Colchester
Harwich
Leigh
Mahlon

- - 750
65 48 850
540 125 -
417? 65 180

KIRKCALDY-APRIL 15.

Here, to-day, we had extremely limited supplies of all
kinds of grain. Barley sold very slowly at Is to Os per cif;
reduction ; wheat and oats sold slowly also, but could 13°'
be purchased cheaper.
Wheat. Barley. 1 Oats. 1 Beaus.
I
First
Second
I I
Third 62s Od 37s Od 3os ud 1 Os 0
Oatmeal, per bag of 2801bs imperial, 48s Od to 00s Od-

COAL MARK]
Prices of Coal por ton at t
tc. d.
Bate's West Hartley 18 0
Buddle W. Hartley l9 &Belmont...
H01ywe11........
.. . . lB 6
.. Haswell
North Percy Hartley _lB o;Plummer lB 0°
Tanfield Moor l7 0 Stewart's ' l9
9
Tanfield Moor Butes 17 0 Hartlepool lB
0
Tyne Main__ ... 17 ilHeugh Hall l,-; 0
Wylam 17 6 Kelloe 18
South Hartlepool •IS 0.
South Kelloe lB 6
.18 o,Whitworth l7
...17 31

:T.—APRIL 17.
le close of the market •---

Wallsond, &c.

Wallsend, Ste.

Eden .
Bell ...

CUSTOM-HOUSE, APRIL 17.
ENTERED INWARDS.—The William Frederick, from
Monhuisen ; Judy, Hamburgh ; James Armstrong, Shang'
hai ; Harmonie, Seville ; India, Manilla ; Gesina, Hem"
burgh ; Maria, do. ' • Gaspian, do. ; Jonge Jane, Bremen;
British Hero, Antwerp ; Alice Thompson. Madras sow
cuddalure; Altnuth, Hamburgh ; Fredericka, Fedder
wardersiel ; Unity, Antwerp ; Anna Maria, Norden;
Alphardo, Groningen ; Robert Barton, Calcutta ; Herr
lichkeit Godens, Rustringerseil • Minerva, Nieustaclgoden ;
Haimonie, Stralsund ; Ravensbourne, Antwerp; Disney
Sudwesthorn ; Oceane' Nord,rschleuse ; El'zaneth, Sod;
westhorn ; Othello, Norderschleuse, ; Ellenborough, Sy".
ney ; Kundo, Nile; Fritniof, Kjoge ; Antze, Bremen;
Hermann, Emden; I. 0., Mauritius; Maria, Constart•
tinople ; Diamond, Bruges ; Auld°, Leer ; Jonge Her.'
mann, Frederic.lest ; Anna, Bremen
Eliza, Hatnburgh;
Immanuel. Carolinenseil ; Annette, Emden • Helene,
Karsoe ; Diana, Netn..arlingerseil ; Wig ,er K'unft,
mertninerseil ; Vrou Johanna, Bremen ; Norma, Sevil:e;
Ozel and Walford, Skien ; Gute Hoffinz, Jarmen, KY
gesene. and Cecilia, Hoyen ; Jerines Clothilde, Santander;
Ann, Rouen ; D innenborg, Aalborg ; Anna Henrietta,
Ham burgh ; Drie Gebroders, Steinhauserseil ; Emanuel,
Rustringerseil ; Theresm, Bungseil ; Ambrosia, Frederick.
stadt ; Carolinenseil ; Tina, Hookseil ;
helmina, Rusterseil ; Warner, Leer ; Carolinda, Cher
bourg ; Surprise, St. Michael's; Hoffnurg, Oltenderf;
Raketon, Gothenburg
ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING.—The Mercury, f°ll
Rotterdam ; Florencia, Bilboa ; William Prowse, Ant;
laide ; Zwantina, Ham burgh ; St. George, Valparaiso ago
Lin.a ; Mona, Ceylon and Cannanore.
_
CLEARED OUTWARDS WITH CARGO.—The . tri.; sto“la, for
Adelaide and Pori Philip ; J. J. Colt, 11lelbourn0 ago
Sydney ; Marshal Bennett, Geelong; Mercury, Ascension; s
Demerara, Demerara.