The Sun.
London, England, 1854-08-23 00:00:00

SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

Yesterday the attractions of this popular plaoe of re-
creation were diversified by a flower show upon a grand
scale. The enterprise was in every respect successful.
The classes were well filled with competitors, and the
flowers, speaking generally, were of a high character.
The fruits and vegetables were likewise very meritorious.
The following is a schedule of the prizes :
CLASS I.—Private growers, not cultivating plants,
&c., for sale.—Best collection of stove and greenhouse
plants (fifteen pots, orchideous plants not excluded), Mr.
E. A. . Ramp ; second best, Mr. A. Rhodes. Best col-
lection of Cape heaths (six pots), Mr. A. Rhodes; second
best, Mr. G. Young. Best collection of cut flowers
(twenty-four varieties), Mr. A. Rhodes ; second beet,
Mr. E. A. Ramp. Best collection of verbenas
(twelve varieties, in single trusses), C. P. Lochner, Esq. ;
second best, Mr. Weatherhill.
CLASS IL—Nurserymen and others growing flowers,
&c., for sale.—Best collection of stove and greenhouse
plants (fifteen pots, orchideous plants not excluded),
Rollisson and Son. Best collection of roses (in bunches),
A. Paul and Son. Best six Cape heaths, Rollisson and
Son. Best collection of cut flowers (twenty-four varie-
ties), Rollisson and Son.
Open to all classes.—Best specimen plant (any genus).
Rollisson and Son ; second best, Mr. E. A. Ramp i third
i
best, Rollisson and Son. Best collection ofs.dc77
(twelve varieties, distinct), Mr. Robinson._
'Rollisson
and
tion of cut flowers (twenty-four varieties, ROll
Son ; second best, Mr. G. Young. Best
ripe fruit, Mr. E. A. Ramp ; second be
Best grapes, Mr. E. A. Hemp ; second
beat, Mr. Taite.;s Mt collection of.
G. Young.

HOLLYHOCKS.
CLASS I.—Nurserymen.—Best eleven spikes (dissimi-
lar varieties), silver cup value 51., Mr. Birchau] ; second
best, Mr. Chater ; third best, Mr. Turner ; fourth best,
Paul and Son.
Crass ll.—Nurserymen.—Best twenty-four cut bloom.
(dissimilar varieties), Mr. Turner ; second best, Mr.
Chater ; third beat, Mr. Birchen].
twelve
Long,
Class lll.—Amateurs.—Best seven spikes (dissimilar
varieties), silver cup value 51., Mr. Roake ; second best,
G. Holmes, Esq.; third best, Benningfield. Esq ;
,spioknertshe l
ebe
te seta,
fourth best, Glasscock, Escb; fifth best, Mr. Dyson.-. -
dissimilarC lass IVv.a—r
varieties),
tine
sa)t,e
Mr.o rs . —RBO
acks IV.—Amateurs.—Best 24;
sceucto
ii
d bloomsb est, (ofj.
irfieftehalibiebsitt'io—n, DINy:. II;
rEshatu ;
Bssqn.:atllhisridlvebreAst,lb—ert
mßeednanlinfogrfietlhde, Ei:),.es.qe .t• f
bronze medal
for the best single bloom selected lc
blooms, Paul and Son.
f7orm. the Granten t;
from the stands of cat
There was an exceedingly
good attendance.
111•11.11•11..1•1

PRIVATE BILLE4.—It appears from a return to * House of Commons that A
private bills deposited the number of petitions for
last woolen wa4 336, to the Private Bill-office for the

'C.!.)Jf

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1854.

We are generally strongly opposed to foreign
loans, on public as well as private grounds. We
have witnessed very untoward results following
the exportation of the precious metals, which our
absurd money laws rendered of such vital im-
portance to the internal trade and commerce of
the country. We have also seen the evil pur-
poses to which the funds thus obtained have been
applied; and also the complete disappoint-
ment of the speculators, who seldom, if
ever, found their sanguine anticipations verified
—the idol which they worshipped having de-
ceived them, and the expected profits being
converted into serious losses. We are too well
aware that non olet mundamus is the motto of tha
gamblers of the Stock Exchange, and that, with
rare exceptions, they are profoundly indifferent
to any one save the pecuniary consequences of
their operations. " Get money, honestly if pos-
sible, but get money," is the ruling principle
with a large proportion ; and, even amongst those
'who have higher aspirations, and a more strin-
gent sense of their moral responsibilities, fetiv do
more than ovoid the accursed thing, or think that
they are bound actively to promote that which does
not hold out the prospect of immediate gain.
There is, however, at present in the market a
security which differs very materially from those
which have previously been offered for public
competition. The Turkish Loan has, indeed,
everything to recommend it as well to the mere fol-
lowers of Mammom as to those who are desirous
of taking still higher grounds and serving their
country, while they are putting money in their own
pockets. Nothing more advantageous has been
brought out for a series of years, and we can scarcely
feel surprised that there has been an anxious desire
to obtain an investment so very promising,
whether we look to the soundness of the security,
the high rate of interest, or the beneficial pur-
poses to which the money will be applied.

On the first point we must bear in mind that
Turkey has hitherto been free from debt ; it is,
therefore, so far as Stock Exchange transactions
are concerned, a virgin soil from which great re-
turns may be anticipated. Its almost miraculous
natural resources are too well known to need
any prolonged statement in their favour ; and
its inhabitants have afforded the most conclusive
testimony that they are perfectly capable of de-
fending their own territories from the would-be
spoiler. The SULTAN is no longer " the sick
Man," faint almost to death, around whose pillow
are avaricious expectants. He holds with vigo-
rous and tenacious grasp his ample possessions ;
and although the expenses of his cure have caused
a•little temporary embarrassment, he can show
unexceptionable security for ten times the amount
required for existing exigencies. But it is not
merely' the general revenues of Turkey that
are charged with the repayment of this loan.
The Egyptian tribute, amounting to thirty mil-
licnis of piastres (or 282,0001. sterling per an-
lium), is specially hypothecated for the payment
both of principal and interest, and is to be re-
mitted directly from the Pasha to the London
agents for distribution. This tribute was con-
tracted to be paid by a specific treaty, sanctioned
by all the great European Powers ; and when we
remember the well-tested probity' of the parties
cpncerned—both SULTAN and PASHA—and the
deternaination of France and England to sustain
them, we must concede that the security for
the stipulated payments is beyond the possibility
of doubt or cavil.
As to the rate of interest, it is, under the least
favourable circumstances, 71.
fur
lo percoelnt. per an-
num. The bonds nominally, with cou-
pons payable on the 10th of A and 10th of
October in each year, are to be 13ssued
bonus of 25 per cell t. being that • at 80/.1 a
gtven to the sub-
scribers, so that the nominal 61. per cent. w
really be 71. per cent. interest ; but as the amount
auhscribed is to be received by instalments spread
over a term of four months, and a discount
of five per cent. allowed for prompt payment, a
further bonus will praCtically be obtained by those
who have their funds immediately avalible.
unquestionably offer sufficient in-
These would
ducements to any
capitalist desirous of obtaining
large returns for his money ; but, in addition, a
certain proportion of the bonds are to be redeemed
at par in each and every year. These will be
selected by lot in the usual manner, at the rate of
There will, therefore,
one per cent. per annum.
be:not only the chance of that which cost 80,
being paid off at 100, but the value of the balance
will be materially enhanced by the ouTnhtewboithr:
drawn from the'market each drawing.
rowers reserve a right
of paying off on six months'
notice at par after 15 years ; but,as we have
shown, that is a payment of 1001. for each 801.,
or 25 per cent. bonus in addition to that received
by the original rate of issue and the drawings.
The third point is no less favourable. Every
true-hearted Englishman has willingly submitted
to the additional war burden ocrasioned by our
defence of the cause of order and justice. He has
seen his Income Tax doubled, the duties on malt,
spirits, and sugar materially enhanced, and the
proceeds expended in support of expeditions
against the uneonscientious invader. - We have
willingly applied more than tea millions sterling
in support of the integrity of the Ottoman Empire,
and no one has considered the 'outlay, enormous

as it has been, misapplied. Now the pecuniary
assistance we are at present affording to our ally
will be almost, if not fully, as useful as if we had
applied an equal sum in his support. There will,
however, be this material difference : for the m ney
advanced by way of loan we shall receive very re-
munerative returns abundantly guaranteed. It
will, in fact, prove a very profitable transaction
to those concerned, while, on the other hand, the
sums raised by way of taxes will be irretrievably
lost to the payers. It is true that the nation
may obtain an indemnity, but the " thirsty soul "
will not get back the extra halfpenny paid for
each pint of beer, or the hard-worked clerk the
10d. or 14d. in the pound on the amount of his
scanty salary. The four millions now about to be
advanced to the SULTAN will save more than an
equal amount levied by the hands of the tax-
gatherer, for which there will be no possibility of
return.

Little more than a week has elapsed since a
circular wa's issued from the Railway Department
of the Board of Trade, calling the attention of the
directors of the different companies to a system
adopted on the South-Eastern line, which " ex-
perience seemed to have proved to be so well cal-
culated to diminish the risk of danger." The
South-Eastcrn Board thus received the approba-

tiou to which it appeared to be justly entitled, and
was held up as a model for imitation to other
managing bodies. Regardless of expense, they
had adopted a judicious precaution against the
risk of collision, " a class of accidents hitherto
very numerous as compared with others." A
" leading journal," not usually very favourable to
railway bodies, spoke in high terms of the im-
provement, and hoped " soon to see the general
adoption of a scheme promising such material ad-
vantages to companies and travellers together !"
But a few days elapsed before it became our
painful duty to record a fearful accident on this
model railway, of the very class which it was
hoped had been effectually prevented. An acci-
dent by which three persons received fatal inju-
ries, and many more were seriously hurt. The
calamitous event occurred on Monday to an ex-
cursion train, the first for the season which had
left Dover for the metropolis. Twenty-four car-
riages were attached, and passengers were taken
up at various stations along the line, so that an
unusually numerous body of persons were involved
in the melancholy transaction, and it was ex-
traordinary that even greater damage was not
inflicted. The approach of this train was
duly telegraphed, and the distance signal
which, according to the rules of the Company,
should have indicated any obstruction on the line,
marked all clear—a matter, however, in which
the " station signal" differed, for it gave warning
of danger. The signal-man also held up both his
hands as a further caution. The steam was im-
mediately shut off, and the break put on. But
every precaution was vain. A ballast engine
had, it appears, been driven from a siding where
the trucks were placed, for the purpose of taking
in water. The driver, on hearing the whistle of
the approaching train, set his engine in motion,
but it was speedily overtaken, and a fearful
concussion took place ; the luggage en-
gine was of course greatly injured, but it
fortunately kept the line of rails, notwithstand-
ing its crippled condition. The excursion train
did not, however, fare so well. The engine was
flung against a ballast train standing on the down
line of rails, and one first class and four second
class carriages were literally smashed to pieces, so
that the only miracle was that one of the passen-
gers escaped with life. As it was, three
persons, the Rev. Mr. WILLES, a clergyman
of the Established Church, JOHN CARMAN, a gar-
dener to a gentleman living at East Peckham,
and a woman, named CAROLINE HARRIS, met
their deaths, while many others were, as we have
stated, very seriously injured.
Now the great question to be decided is, on
whom does the responsibility of this dreadful catas-
trophe rest? Through whose negligence has it occur-
red, or was it one of those events which no reason-
able degree of care and foresight could have pre-
vented ? These are points which must be closely
investigated, so that every possible informhtion

may be obtained in order to prevent the repeti-
tion of similar events. We shall not venture to
anticipate the result of this inquiry. It certainly
seems that but little, if any, blame can attach
itself to the Directors; they had previously done
everything which human ingenuity could devise
to prevent the possibility of such occurrences.
They did not trust to a sufficient time having
elapsed since the passage of a preceding train.
Notice was required to be given of its having
actually passed another point on theline before the
succeeding one was allowed to proceed, and the
railway department of the Board of Trade, and
even the Times itself, bore witness to the efficacy
of the arrangement. What more could be expected
at their hands ? They adopted every precaution
which experience suggested, obtained, the services
of men of excellent character and Well-tried effi-
ciency ; and if it was impossible to procure men
exempted from the ordinary failings of humanity,
the Directors could not fairly be censured for the
failure.

The men engaged on both trains have been
taken into custody. We confess that as at present
advised, we cannot see how the driver or stoker
of the excursion train can be blamed. The
distance signal showed that " all was right," and
the moment the " station signal" indicated danger
the steam was shut off and the breaks applied.
What more could these men have done ? We do
not at present understand on what grounds they
have been taken into custody, or why they should
be further imprisoned until Friday next.
There are more plausible grounds for requiting
explanations from those who brought the luggage-
engine on the line and placed it directly in the way
of the approaching train. It must be ascertained
what inquiries they made or authority they received
for so.doing. It must also be seen how it was
that the distance signal gave no warning of the
obstruction, and why there was no notice thereof
at the preceding station These are matters to
be ascertained, so that the responsibility, if any
there be, may be placed on the right parties, and
that the managing body may not undeservedly be
exposed to the censures which ignorant persons
are so ready to pronounce in the event of any un-
foreseen casualty.

POOR-LAW RELI E F . —According to a return issued on
ti n
ofE n
rgel
lai ne
fd,
and %Vales, 759,021 pauper
Saturday, there were, on thes ilnst
tjhuelyrelaesetip,
749 370 ; increase was 39,651.
whilst in the same period last year the number was
DEFALCATION OF
h it appears that Mr. Swa-
bey's defalcations, as late Registrar PUBLIC MONEY.—On Saturday a
return was issued; from wine
respect to
bills in the Crown funds, with
in Exchequer of the Admiralty,
-slave vessels captured, was 26,7001.
THE WILL OF THE DUCHESS OF MANCHESTER. —The
' _
case of the Duchess of Manchester v. Be.nriett,•which
canted so much interest, and in which the validity of
the will of the Duchess of Manchester was questioned,.d.l
was to have been tried a second time at the late Gm
ford Assiies, in pursuance of an order to that effect,
made by the Vice-Chancellor; an arrangement, however,
I has been come to between the parties, by which all fur-
ther discussion will be avoided. It is reported that the
arrangement is to this effect : That the validity of the
will is to be admitted, but that the Duke is to execute
certain deeds, with the view to carrying out the original
1 intentions of the Duchess to secure the future interest
of her sons and her daughter.
CHAP.GE OF INTIMIDATION AGAINST AN ENGINE• DRIVER.
—o
andn On e o
Nf Saturday
North-Western
teh engine-drivers
before
e atern t
R he Rugby
Railway
l owna y strike
Company, magistrates,
ompa againstny ,
wt
a the
sJe J.
charged
LondonVaregb
eb
d,
. 1
(6zlrni. verTnne am
complainanted with threatening to blow out the brains of another
Callln' anddep 0 s e
d calling
that h
him e
went
n't‘ "knobstick,"
no
a obps taihhe
c k,':
house where the prisoner and other turn-outs were, and
1 as soon as Webb saw him, he swore at him, and called
I him a knobstick, and threatened to blow his
brains out,
! either then, or et sonic other time. Prisoner, who de-
Died the charge, wished to call witnesses, but was told
I the law did not adroit of any witnesses being called,
when one person swore that he considered his life in
! danger from another. He was accordingly held to bail
1 to answer the charge at Warwick Quarter Sessions,
' himself in 401., and two sureties each in a similar
amount.
DESERT.—Mr. Boader,
GIVING HIM HIS
the author of
several popular pieces, gave Drury-lane Theatre the title
of a Wilderness. This reached the ears of Sheridan, and
he di,' not forget it, for, when a short time afterwards
was requeBt--p to
o accept a tragedy by Mr. Roeder—
_e, "the wise and discreet author calls
4, Noino," said. h
our house a Wilderns ; now I don't mind allowing the
oracle to have . es.
his opinion, but it is really too much for
I will suffer him to prove his word."
him to expect-that .
—Musical Trancri:Pe•

RECENT COURT-MARTIAL AT WINDSOR.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

"You might as well go back to the battle of Waterloo."

If•Major-GeneralWet'nerall meant by this re-
mark to convey to the Ceurt that ungentleman-
like conduct was not common at the present day
amongst the officers of the 46th Infantry he is
very slow indeed of comprehension ; for I can
answer for it, that amongst the officers of the army
in general there is scarcely one who has had an
opportunity of reading the proceedings of the three
courts-martial, who does not blush for very shame
at the exposures on such incontestible proof of the
low-lifed habits of those who belong to the same
profession as themselves. Not only do the officers
of the army believe every word of Lieutenant
Perry's statements, on his own word of honour,
but they are convinced of the truth of them, by
the barefaced hard swearing, to say the least of
it, and the low, and mean, and slanderous attacks
made by the officers of the 46th against their bro-
ther officer, then a prisoner. One naturally asks,
Where were these men educated ? Where bred ?
Does not one of them belong to any family of spirit ?
A great deal has been said against Colonel Garrett,
but the general opinion is led away by his being
the prosecutor, in' the first instance, when public
indignation was naturally aroused at Lieutenant
Perry being brought to trial for acting with the
spirit which became a British officer, by felling to
the ground one of those low-lifed associates amongst
whom he was thrown, and who, at the time, was
attacking him with foul language, and by a per-
sonal asault upon him in his own room. Colo-
nel Garrett may be an indolent commanding
officer, but it must be borne in mind
that lie was, as it were, on his trial during the last
court-martial; and his evidence was what might he
expected from one in such an anomalous position.
He has, however, much to answer for. But what
can one think of the other witnesses for the prose-
tion—of the majors, the captains, the lieutenants,
the ensigns ? What, I ask, do the soldiers of the
regiment think of their commanders?
We are at war, and it is not a time to trifle with
the morale of the officers of the army. Enough
has come to light respecting the 46th Regiment ;
and there cannot be a doubt but that the General
Commanding-in-Chief will advise her Majesty to
exercise her prerogative, and do what is right, by
clearing that regiment of those officers whose cha-
racters as such are rendered worthless before the
army. Out of their own mouths do the witnesses
for the prosecution stand condemned.
Lieut. Perry little thought when, from an over-
anxiety that the whole truth should come out, he
signed the letter drawn by his legal friends, and
those friends when they advised him to do so could
have little thought that such a concoction of non
ricordo evidence could be sworn to by British
officers. Men who can give such evidence are not
men of spirit—are not men of courage ; they are
not men fit to lead our brave soldiers to battle.
But one officer comes out of this last court-martial
without a stain on his honour, and that one is the
prisoner ; and I give this as the almost unanimous
feeling of the officers of the army. Is there
a man of honour, is there a man of common
sense, who does not believe the statements of
Lieutenant Perry, which have been corroborated
by the facts given in the evidence of Mr. Corcoran
and Captain Chambers, together with the letter of
Lieutenant Waldey—is there, I ask, throughout the
land one unbiassed Englishman who, notwithstand-
ing the partial and specious address of General
Wetherall in reply, does not give credit to Lieu-
tenant's Perry's statements, instead of to the mass
of witnesses, whose evidence it wag proved was con-
cocted for the occasion in the mess-room. I say
again there is no need for further inquiry. Let
Lord Hardinge act as becomes his high position,
without partiality, favour, or affection. Let there
be no screening. The 46th Regiment must be
cleansed, for the honour of the British army, whose
well-wisher I am. Let the injured not suffer; let
the guilty not escape ; let the Horse Guards be re-
spected by the army and the country.
AN OLD OFFICER.