The Sun.
London, England, 1853-08-23 00:00:00

nification for the cost we have been put to. The
fleet reviewed last week would make short work
of that ; and now that every resource of diplo-
macy has been tried in behalf of a confessed right,
it is hard to see what international law could pre-
vent us from forcibly grasping that member of
the Spanish empire by which all this violation of
treaties is perpetrated. We should be merely
seizing the violator of international rights
flagrante delicto, and holding his hands from
further injury till the lawfrl authorities
would themselves put down bis villanies.
The slave trade has never been in so ma-
nageable a form as it now is. One treaty-
breaking nation furnishes the single market, an-
other treaty-breaking nation furnishes the kid-
napping depots. Both the nations are justly ame-
nable to us for their gross faithlessness. That faith-
lessness costs us an immense annual sum, and we
have the full power to put the whole thing down
by declaring further persistence in such a course
a casus belli, or like NICHOLAS, only with so much
right and good faith on one side, to take bail for
Spain's appearance in a Court of Honour. Of
course General PIERCE would bluster, and some
nearer home would demand explanations ; they
could be honestly and satisfactorily given. None,
however, would be needed. Spain would not need
another word, if she knew that England would
be trifled with no longer. After the Russian
affair we really do require some evidence that our
fleets are not kept for mere idle pomp, and to
burn gunpowder at reviews.

what diminished ; and maintains, cogently
enough, that by reason of the colony being in
the " enjoyment of so large a measure of ma-
terial pmiperity," therefore, it becomes incum-
bent upon its rulers to adventure upon some cor-
responding provision for the intellectual and moral
improvement of its population. A noble and
generous foresight on the part of the Governor-
General, which, it is to be hoped, will excite the
emulative benevolence of the Australian Legisla-
ture
Sir CHARLES FITZROY does not, however, con-
tent himself with merely generalising upon the
prosperity of that vast colony which has been en-
trusted to his administration, and upon the ad-
visability of adopting certain measures for its
social and political advancement. He specifies
several of the important projects about to be laid
by him upon the table of the Legislative Council.
He recommends, for example, the augmenting o
f
the amount allotted for education, the extension
of primary schools, and the encouragement
of institutions calculated to promote the
higher branches of science and literatti ye.
Added to which, he advises the continuance of in-
quiries already commenced in regard to the pro-
per registration of births, deaths, and marriages,
so as to command in time a more accurate know-
ledgeofofththe
eepxotpenuitatioofn.theHme and the
aid
athmeouCnotuncil in amending the law for more effectu-
ally preventing the desertion of seamen from mer-
chant vessels, a change most desirable under ex-
isting circumstances, as thousands have learnt
to their cost by a rather calamitous experi-
ence. Beyond all, Sir CHARLES FITZROY proposes,
as here intimated in his copious and masterly ad-
dress, to introduce certain bills for improving the
procedure of the Supreme Court, both at common
law and equity—observing that these bills have
been based upon Acts of Parliament passed during
the previous session at Westminster, because, con-
tinues his Excellency, " I deem it highly de-
sirable that the legislation of the colony on the
subject of law reform should keep pace with the
improvements adopted in England." Under the
care of an administrator thus energetic, observant,
and sagacious, it is scarcely possible but that the
political well-being and the social welfare of the
colonists will correspond with the vast material
prosperity of Australia.

MONEY MARKET

CITY INT'NI4LIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.
The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at from 5,003 to 6,000 bales, all to the
trade. The market was heavy. The sales com-
prised 100 Bahia, at 64d. ; 400 Egyptian, at 7d. to
10d. ; 300 Surat, 3id. to 41d, and the remainder
American. Railway Shares were steady at rather

better prices.
The accounts from the Australian colonies are
giving rise to a good deal of speculative reasoning
as to the future value of money, and the.low rate
of interest produces many apparent anomalies. In
reality, however, all these things hinge upon a
common pivot, and singular as recent changes
may appear, stranger may yet occur. In
the first stage of the gold discoveries, coin
was so scarce that the precious metal was
bartered away far below its intrinsic worth ;
at a loss indeed to the hardworked digger, which,
measured by the common standard, must appear
absolutely ridiculous. The supply of the raw ma-
terial being in unusual excess, and that of the
wrought article inconveniently scarce, of course
explains this phase of affairs, and here precisely
would have been the advantage of a Mint,
could it have been promptly established, by
effecting a vast saving of expense in trans-
mission to England, preventing loss of interest,
orfofistshiportaeicn oli
ked had the usual effect of
and spation. The
and risk
enormous p
drawing into the gold market keener competitors,
and at this moment the supply of sovereigns is
superabundant, and the selling value of the pre-
cious metals enhanced to a point that destroys all
profit. As a necessary sequence coin will be sent
back, unless new local outsets keep pace with the
production of the mines. The banks are over-
flowing with metallic wealth, and interest is so
low that a 5 per cent. guarantee upon the con-
templated railway at Sydney commands 10 per
cent. premium. As new undertakings are formed,
this may again be changed, and when the mint is
in operation there will be a new disturbing ele-
ment. The very fact that there is to he a mint
indisposes the miner to part with his gold, and reckon-
ing loss of interest, he canafford to keep it untilthe
local coming establishment begins. Thus there will
be many further " ups and downs" before the Aus-
tralian money markets can bo measured by the
ordinary European standard, and the dogmatic
reasoning of those who take their estimate from
what occurs here is as futile as it is irrational.
Due allowance must be made for new and even
improbable contingencies, or the whole fabric which
they rear falls to the ground.
There has been a flatter market for English Se-
curities, the result both of the renewed fall of rain
and of that little reaction which usually occurs
after an advance of any extent within a limited
period. The foreign news offers nothing particu-
larly novel, and as there is every probability of
occasional disquieting rumours until the Russians
troops have quitted the Principalities, the mar-
ket will not be so firmly re-established in its
former position as otherwise might be the case.
If it be true, however, that the purchases
for delivery are really so large as has been stated,
the Bears will have a difficult task, having already
ssolpdanfriesieilyc teortkifiecaeptepsricaerse down. The
so Tgohoed, questionbeing
g 6 is,
, sil.
however, even under improved circumstances,
whether Consols are not sufficiently high ? For
Transfer they have been done at 98k to 984, but
for Account they have not been higher than 98g.
This is a significant proof that the specula-
tors, as a body, are disposed to keep down
the market, but that the public or capitalists have
more confidence, and are investing. The New 3i
per Cents. have been 1011 k, and the 3 per Cents.
99 to k. Bank Stock keeps very firm, at an im-
provement to 2281 and 229. India Stock has been
done at 257. Exchequer Bills have risen to 2s.
and 3s. premium, an indication that money is more
plentiful on the Stock Exchange at any rate. This
is due partly to the purchases of stock.
In Foreign Stocks there is very little doing.
They have, however, for the most part, maintained
their value. Grenada Deferred are about 101 i ;
Peruvian 41 per Cents. 851 to 86 ; Russian 5 per
Cents. 1171 to 1181 ; and Sardinian, 96k to 97.
and until the plans of M. Salamanca are better un-
derstood, there -is not much inducement to buy.
Whatever they may be, not having legislative sanc-
tion, they will be dangerous to participators.
Dutch 2l per Cents have been steady at 641. Sar•
diniau have been done at par.
Arrangements have just been completed for re-
working the Old Trewether antimony and silver
lead mines, situate in Endellion, Cornwall. Up-
wards of 50,0001. profit was realised from the great
antimony lode during two years. The company
will have the engine at work on the lode to fork
the water in about three weeks, when about 35 tons
of antimony ore will be recovered, which was left
in the adits when the old works filled with water.
The lead lodes are rich in silver—more than 300 oz.
of silver to the ton of ore was formerly obtained
from the deep adit near Port Isaac. In 1825 the
trustees of the British Museum gave 1,0001. for
various specimens from these mines, which is an
ample proof of the value of the various lodes.
The Railway Share Market has been steady as
respects some of the lines, but business is not
active. Caledonian are cheaper, and North-
Western are not quite so good. York and North
Midland have improved, and South Wales are in
favour. South-Eastern are rather better. Great
Western are heavy. French Shares have been
less dealt in than for some time past. The Bears
having suffered considerably of late, are timid in
operating further, while those who have lately
bought have taken up their shares. With such
splendid traffic, high as French shares rule, many
parties will run all risk of political convulsions in
view of the prospect of further improvement.
The Gold Mine Shares have been firm, but al-
most noreinel. The Australian Company is better.
The Joint Stock Bank Shares are at about previous
rates. Land Companies' Shares are steady.

The several verdicts which have just been taken
by consent at the Liverpool assizes in the series
of actions brought against the Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway Company for damages,
amounting in the aggregate to no less than
7,3007., exclusive of costs, prove that there is not
the slightest necessity for extending the limits of
the law in order to induce Railway Directors to ex-
ercise due vigilance over the lives and property
committed to their charge. The heavy pecuniary
loss which must necessarily follow any serious
accident is surely a sufficient guarantee for the
greatest possible amount of caution, without ren-
dering the Directors criminally responsible for any
mischance ending in death, and thus, as we pointed
out on a former occasion, preventing gentlemen
of high position and character from bestowing
valuable services, to which such serious liabilities
might be attached. Some coroners' juries who,
like the celebrated tailors of Tooley-street, thought
the eyes of England were upon them, totally
misconceived their duties. In place of un-
derstanding the very subordinate function in
which they were engaged, they fancied themselves
legislators for the time being, and thought that
they might effect a revolution in the criminal code
by deciding, not according to the actual law, but
to what they thought the law ought to be. In
consequence of this extraordinary delusion two
gentlemen, Messrs. SCOTT and BEATTIE, were sub-
jected to the expense and inconvenience of a
criminal trial during the recent assizes for the
county of Surrey.
The admirable observations of the Lord Chief
Baron in that case, showed that there was not the
slightest foundation for that vexatious charge—
that the law was not to be lightly strained for the
sake of gratifying the vanity and self-importance
of a few obscure individuals having a morbid
craving after notoriety, or pleasing certain jour-
nalists who have long been distinguished for the
animosity towards the railway interest, displayed
on every possible occasion. Mr. Justice ERLE
has now added the weight of his authority to that
of Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK, declaring that,
although " a great desire had been mani-
fested to make railway directors felons, by
prosecuting them for manslaughter in cases
of railway accidents, it had always_ been his
opinion that civil actions and the costs imposed
would secure proper care." The learned Judge
was right. There can be no doubt that the pecu-
niary penalty, whilst it is far more beneficial to
the surviving families of the sufferers, will be far
more efficacious in preventing the recurrence of
such accidents as can be averted by the adoption
of even reasonable precautions—,that it is best
calculated to afford the necessary protection to the
community.
For, in the first place, as we have already
stated, the criminal test would materially deterio-
rate the respectability and efficiency of Boards.
Men of rank and fortune would not subject them-
selves to the chance of being convicted as felons
for matters totally beyond their own control.
There could unquestionably be found persons
willing to undertake any responsibility for which
they were handsomely remunerated, but their ser-
vices would not be, by any means, so beneficial
either for the shareholders or the public as those
of the gentlemen who had been driven into pri-
vate life by the stringency of the new enactment.
And it would afford very little consolation to be-
reaved families who mot-ailed the loss of a father
or provider, to think that a director had been
imprisoned for a few months on account of the
calamity. Far better, as we have stated, that
they should receive such pecuniary assistance as
might render some compensation for the injury
they had sustained, averting the privations of
poverty from being added to their other sufferings.
Before Lord CAMPBELL'S Act for the abolition
of deodands, and affording a claim for pecuniary
damages to the families of those who lost their
lives by any accidents arising from the negligence
of any parties whatsoever, there was an universal
outcry as to the inadequacy of the criminal re-
sponsibility—an outcry, in which the same
Journalists who have latterly been clamorous for
the criminal remedy participated. The •nly
remedies afforded, were first by deodand on the
instrument by which the death was caused, and
which, in the great majority of cases, became
inoperative, as whenever a large sum would
be forfeited the Ceroner's inquisition was gene-
rally quashed ; and secondly, by the prosecution of
theparties—whicb, save in cases of crass negligence,
seldom led to any heavy punishment. The civil
action totally failed in the event of the death of
the party, injured. Lord CAMPRELT; S Act, which
removed that grievance, was haired with general
satisfaction, as it was considered to provide the
remedy exactly suited to the exigency of the ease ;
but before it was long in operation, the grumblers
were once more at work seeking for criminal en-
actments, We trust, however, that the ridiculous
demands will now cease. If the question be seri-
ously mooted, it will be found that the railway
Shareholders who are converted into insurers to
an unlimited extent, are the persons who have the
greatest right to complain ; as Mr. LAING some-
time since pointed out, it is an unquestionable
hardship to be compelled to insure the pecuniary
value of the life of a Lord Chancellor, an Arch-
bishop, or a successful Physician or Barrister,
without receiving a farthing remuneration for the
extra, risk. Some provision may have to be made
to meet this difficulty, but it is the only dimtion
ill which a raQyeraeut is required,

The Select Committee on the Slave Trade
Treaties between Great Britain and Spain and
Portugal, and the manner in which they have
been carried out, is now published, and it is one
which none of us can read without deep mortifica-
tion. We have declared the slave trade to be,
what it really is, piracy; and we have given costly
evidence that English feeling is thoroughly sincere
in its verdict. We have made tr- Ales for its
suppression, which are now carried out honestly
by all the contracting parties, except Spain and
Portugal. To these two faithless and corrupt
Governments, bankrupt equally in finance and
naval power, we have paid within a trifle of
4,000,0001. since 1815 (nearly 3,000,0001. of it
to Portugal), to obtain their concurrence in the
suppression of the traffic ; in addition to 225,000/.
to indemnify Portuguese claimants of vessels and
cargoes captured by British cruisers ; and all this
in addition, again, to the enormous cost of our
naval efforts for thil:T-eight years, to suppress
the slave trade on the coast of Africa. Brazil is
now, from the report of the commit' acting
with sincerity and good faith. It is Spain, in
Cuba, and Portugal, along a coast line of 1,500
miles on the eastern side of Africa, who are
bearding us contemptuously, flinging our treaties in
our face, laughing at the folly which threw away
4,000,0001. of money upon them. and putting us
to the heavy expense of our African squadron.
The language of the I? :port before-us, is as calm
in giving its details as any diplomatist can desire,
yet what we have stated is but an unexaggerated
summary of the wain facts.
It is in evidence, sec. 10, that since 1849 the
Brazilian slave trade diminished from 50,000 or
60,000 annually, to 700 in 1852, and that of
these the greater part had been seized by the Go-
vernment, showing that equal since :ity on the
part o: Spain and Portugal alone is wanting.
The Brazilian Government, sec. 14, not only
passed stringent laws, but seized and banished
some suspected Portuguese mordants. It is in
evidence, sec. 16, that through our efforts the
slave trade in Cuba had nearly ceased, and can
therefore be stopped. Also, sec. 18 and 19, that
every legal facility is now afforded by the Go-
vernment for the detention of slaves actually
brought to Cuba, and that the Government mail
ships have been employed to laud them ! That
the trade has increased or decreased according to
the corruptibility or integrity of the Captain-
General. "In 1840 that officer received half a
doubloon for each slave landed, and the trade
flourished ; from 1841 to 1843 General VALDEZ
refused the fee, and the trade nearly ceased ; in
1843 General O'DoNNEnn demanded a fee of three
doubloons ; other governors did the same till
1850, and the tr le has been vigorous all
that time. General CONCHA, who refused the fees,
and took active measures to put down the trade,
was recalled in six or eight months !! ! Further,
sec. 20, that it was notorious that public officers
of all ranks at Havannah received bribes for con-
nivance at the landing of slaves ; and that the

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK
( Prom the Official List.)
Business done
Bank Stock •......... .. .. ....... ..... ..... 2281 9
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities ....... 991 9
3 per Cent. CODSOIS Annuities
New 34 per Cent. Annuities lOlB h
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860 5 1546 6
India Stock 257
Consols for Account Bth September 9Bi
Exchequer Bills, ld.
£lOOO
£5OO
Small

influence of persons of great distinction at Madrid,
whose capital was largely employed in this accursed
trade, was sufficient to procare the recal of any
Captain-General who dared to attempt its sup-
pressbn ; and that by this means " the Spanish
Government has been induced to violate its trea-
ties, and to suffer these persons to obtain large
profits by this detestable traffic."
There has been no want of diplomatic energy
on the part of all British Governments in this
matter. Lord ABERDEEN, in 1843, in a moss
important dispatch to Mr. BULWEI, ',OO. 22,
placed befoie the Spanish Government all the
treaties it was bound by, and all. the money pafd
by Great Britain, in,. the strongest light. Lord
PALMERSTON'S efforts, sec. 23, aiipear in every
dispatch ; he endeavoured in vain to have the
trade declared piracy, as it had been by the United
States and the Brazils. Lord HOWDEN, Lord
Joan RUSSELL, :the Earl of CLARENDON, all did
their part. In a word, no subject has more com-
pletely commanded the zeal of English statesmen
of every party. Yet all in vain ; though the com-
mittee observe, sec. 23, " History does not record
a mom decided breach of national honour than the
letter of the Earl of Anannr-gx establishes against
Spain." Mr. CHAUFURD, her Majesty's Consul-
General at the Havannah, reports, indeed,
te
in his last dispatches (21st and 25th June, 1853),
that " thereis a manifest difference in the measures
adopted by the Govei ament of Cuba to check the
alarrainc, e-tent
aPPear, however, that it . extent,of the slave trade." It would
endangering , is only the alarming
that ix checked.. a forcible intervention, per-
haps,brings intelligenCik.ed• By the Atlantic, which
August, We learn thatr. NOW York to the 6tlit of
arftinfamous, Lady Suffolk,
of
the famous,
or
rather in the i3t optidor
who had been arrested
wa,,sooo slaves at a
the horrible kidnappine, eorfthle3
hits house
scandal caused by
placed in
frolic on board the vessel,t'
sham confinement, and had rettnuinendel:tou
that
in Havannah, holding quite a
his friends and the principal slaveholderss or melao!
day. The same communication mentions
172 negroes, seized on his estate at Alava, had
been returned to him, and that the sailors of a
vessel which had just landed 450 slaves were
being dealt with in the customary easy style.
It would therefore seem that doubloons are
still doing their work, and that Spain in
Cuba is still, for the sake of retaining for
her Governors there the price of blood, is
still violating all our treaties with her,
perpetuating a horrible traffic, in which she now
stands nearly alone, for it is she who alone finds
the market ; and repaying us, for all the money
7ve1W,... paid her, by compelling us still to main-
.tA. e6Stly African navy—a navy which some
will think had better be employed against the
Golvveurrimmiegnhtt we
ehriteahi
ntlrye at
at sk
eu sp tolsisuess.s i
the lq,nguage of Count NE'. on of Cuba, in
..),...„,_ s.ELnory.., as "a mate-
._

23p
23p
2 3p

PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent ..................
• Ditto New, 1852, 41 per Cent .............. 100 x
Grenada Bonds, Deferred .................... 103
Peruvian Bonds, 41 per Cent. ...............
Ditto for the Account ...............•85t
Russian Bonds, 5 per. Cent. , * 1171
Ditto 4A per Cent. ... . .. . ................... 102
Sardinianiionds, 5 por Cent.
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent 23s
Spanish Committee Colt. of Coup. not fun 6l a p a
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch Exchange, 21 per Cent.
HALF-PAST TWO.

-.----
Dublin the MOSt active preparations are being made ~..
THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO IRELAND.—.III all
gird the glieOil it fighi heart* Weledine to the Irish me-
tropolis. The arrangements for het' Majesty's reception
stated that thefti iiill b4l a stand review of the troops in
the Pheenik-park On the occasion of het Mf9:esty's visa:
PAINTING VUdItINGtHAII PADACIL—On account Of the
rapidly decaying natiike Of the Fttsonework in the new
front of Buckingham Palace, which hag jrist been exten-
slvely repaired, further examination has determined he
authorities that the only efficient protection for it izi
future will be a coating; of paint on the outside. A new
scaffolding has, therefore, been erected, and the work
lisairscaellasttlh,,edllhibuchesis of Kent, attended
was commenced on Saturday last.
highness
DUCHESS OF KENT IN EDINBUROIL—T-Ter Royal
Lady Couper,, and the Hon. Lady Augusta Bruce,
are
turda
re-
sidence of the DuchessY Of
urg 1 shortly before four
y afternoon. The distinguished
and
party passed the
o'clock l oSci kr GeorgeonSa
-night at Newcastle
Abergeldie, the
it is stated to be their intention
to resume the journey t
Mn. ROEBUCK, M. Kent,tloynimTpureosydeady
amsotroning.
enable
Highland
Mr. Roebuck's healthPis.—soWe are glad to learn that
him to accept the invitation the Cutlers' feast.—
Sheffield Independent.
MASTERS EXTRAORDINARY IN CHANCERY.—An act
of Parliament has just been printed (16 and 17 Victoria,
chap. 78), abolishing Masters Extraordinary in Chan-
cery, and giving them a new title of " Commissioners to
Administer Oaths in Chancery in England."
THE NEW ACT ON TRA.NSPORTATION.—The new Act

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING-, AUGUST 23, 185 3.

INDIA AND CHINA.
(BY SUBJIABINE TELEGRAPH.)
TRIESTE, AUG. 22.

The steamer Bombay arrived at half-past two I
p.m., in 111 hours from Alexandria.
The India mail has arrived at Alexandria with
dates from Calcutta, July 16 ; Bombay, July 20 ;
Hong Kong, July 7.
The King of Ava, being starved into submission,
has sued for peace, set the British prisoners at
liberty, and requested that the river blockade may
cease.
The Governor-General has assented, and pro-
claimed peace, although a formal treaty has not
been concluded.
Trade in India is dull ; the markets easy.
In China the Imperialist forces had attempted
to regain Ching-Kiang-Foo, but without success,
notwithstanding foreign aid.
The markets were dull.