The Sun.
London, England, 1854-03-06 00:00:00

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS

THE WAR IN THE EAST.
The Moniteur of this day (Monday) publishes a
circular of the Minister of Foreign Affairs to French
diplomatic agents on the letter of the Czar and
the Russian manifesto. The publication of those
documents, says, destroys the last hopes in the
wisdom of the Cabinet of St. Petersburg ; and it
adds that that hand which had become honoured
by the firmness with which it had offered a support
to Europe, when it was shaken in its foundations,
opens now a course to passions and chances. The
French Government, it continues, afflicted at the
inutility of its efforts and moderation, declines the
responsibility that must rest with Russia, which
will have to render an account to history and to
God.

The great topic of interest yesterday in Paris, is
the letter addressed by the Emperor Nicholas to
the Emperor of the French in reply to the latter.
It is considered on all sides a tissue of the most
barefaced misrepresentations—of statements which
have been repeatedly refuted. The part which
appears to have most excited resentment is the
allusion to 1812. True, it is said, the French
army was destroyed during that terrible campaign ;
but it was not destroyed, not by Russian valour in
the field, but by the tire of Moscow and the rigour
of the elements ; and the fact of the Russians hav-
ing been beaten whenever they encountered the
French is shown by the latter having penetrated
to the heart of the empire.
. The last accounts from St. Petersburg state that
the Russian Government was indefatigable in its
exertions to excite the fanaticism of the population.
Every day processions traversed the streets and
exhibited to the people the relics of the saints of
the Greek Calendar. The clergy everywhere urge
the true believers to take arms for the defence of
the orthodox faith. The Government on its side
published bulletins containing accounts of victories
supposed to have been gained by the Russians in
Asia. Those demonstrations dispirit both the
merchants and upper classes.
Advices from Constantinople, of the 20th ult.,
state that the news of the rupture between Russia
and the Western Powers had been received with
the liveliest satisfaction. On the 18th the French

steam-frigate Mogador returned to the Bosphorus,
after a reconnaissance as far as Kaffa, where she
saw six Russian line-of-battle ships and several
frigates.
The coast of Albania has been declared in a
state of blockade, and the Viceroy of Egypt has
been requested to send into the Adriatic the
squadron which he intended for Constantinople.
A. telegraphic despatch, dated three days later,
mentions that Zuinit Paella was to leave on the
4th March for Salonica, to quell the insurrection,
which had greatly increased.
Tha English steamer Niger was likewise to go
thither on the same day.
Four daughters of the Sultan were said to have
been betrothed.

From Athens, Feb. 24, we learn that the Eng-
lish frigate Diamond and the French steamer
Promethee have left for Prevesa. A body of Mon-
tenegrin marauders, having invaded Albania, had
been defeated by the Turks, with a loss of 300 men.
The Vienna journals publish the letter of Prince
Alexander of Servia to the Sultan, on receiving the
finnan confirming the privileges of the Servian
nation, and the address of the Senate to the Prince
on the same occasion. The letter is as follows :

"Your Majesty, in your inexhaustible solicitude for
he welfare and tranquillity of your people, deigned to
send me in the month of Rebjoi Fwel, 1270 (1854) a fir-
man which confirms the privileges of the Servian nation.
I have had the happiness to receive this striking and
precious testimony of the kindness of your Majesty frotn
the hands of Elten Pacha, and I have caused the finnan
to be proclaimed, with sentiments of profound re-
spect and devotedness to your Majesty, at Belgrade, in
the usual solemn form. I have also directed the firman
to be published in all the districts of the country, in
order that this new proof of the kindness of your Ma-
jesty may be known...throughout the whole country.
This manifestation of your Majesty's favour is for me
a proof of the solicitude which animates you for the
welfare and tranquillity of Servia. The prerogatives
accorded to Servo' by the late glorious Sultan Mah-
mood, enumerated in the hatti-scheriffs of 1829, 1830,
1834, and 1838, have founded the present prosperity of
Servia. Your Majesty in confirming these privileges,
and in promising to the Servian nation other proofs of
your kindness, consolidates the welfare of the country,
as much by the privileges accorded as by those in
prospect. The Servian nation and its Sovereign believe
themselves obliged by this generosity to entertain heart-
felt gratitude to your Majesty. As their fidelity has up
to this day been firm under all circumstances, so it will
preserve it for the future, in order to render itself worthy
of your Majesty's kindness, and to obtain in the future
new proofs of your inexhaustible grace. I and all my
subjects pray the Almighty in the most fervent manner
to grant a long and happy life to your Majesty, for the
happiness of your subjects. I humbly pray the Most
High also to cause your Majesty to preserve your kind-
ness to me and the Servian nation.
"ALEXANDER KARAGEORGEWITCH.
"Belgrade, 26th Jan. (7th Feb.)."
The address of the Senate is as follows :--
"Gracious Sovereign, the Senate has received, with
your letter of the 28th inst., a translation of the Impe-
rial firman, confirming the rights of the Servian
nation, which was lately read and made public, in
presence of the members of the Senate and of other
persons invited, as well as the reply of your Highness
to the Sultan, to thank him for the proof of interest which
he has been pleased to accord. The Senate unanimously
concurs in the sentiments of fidelity and devotedness
which your Highness expresses towards the Sultan, and
is convinced that the Servian nation will also share in
them. In virtue of the rights conferred by Sultan
Mahmoud in 1245, 1246, 1249, and 1254, and confirmed
by the present hatti-seheriff, the Senate regards it as its
duty to support your Highness in the sense of the con-
stitution, which offers the possibility of preserving the
benevolence which the Sultan testifies to you, and of
rendering ourselves worthy of the Imperial favour mani-
fested in the firman.

" General E. STEPHANOVICH,
" J. IVANOVICH, First Secretary.
" Belgrade, Jan. 29 (Feb. 10)."
A letter from Koenigsberg of the 27th ult. states
that, on the preceding day, messengers, with a
million of gold roubles, passed through that place
from Berlin for St. Petersburg.

THE CZAR'S ANSWER TO THE FRENCH
EMPEROR'S AUTOGRAPH LETTER.
In the St. Petersburg Journal of 12 (24) February
we read as follows :
" The Moniteur Universe' having in its official
part published a letter addressed to H.M. the Em-
peror by the Emperor of the French, we are autho-
rised, while re-producing that document, to publish
at the same time the answer of our august Sovereign :
" Sr. PETERSBURG, JAN. 28 (Fen. 9), 1354.
" Sire,—l know not how better to reply to your
Majesty than by repeating, since they are my own,
the concluding words of your Majesty's letter, " Our
relations should be sincerely friendly, and repose upon
identical intentions, the maintenance of order, the love
of peace, respect for treaties, and reciprocal good-
will." In accepting, your Majesty says, the pro-
gramme which I had traced, your Majesty affirms that
you have remained faithful to it. I venture to think,
and my conscience tolls me so, that I have not
departed from it. For in the affair which divides
us, and which did not originate with me, I have all
along sought to maintain friendly relations with France.
I have with the greatest care avoided coming into col-
lision on this ground with the interests of the religion
professed by your Majesty. I have made for the main-
tenance of peace every concession both in form and sub-
stance that was possible consistently with my honour,
and in claiming for my co-religionists in Turkey the
confirmation of the rights and privileges acquired for
them long ago at the price of Russian blood, I asked
for nothing but what was founded upon treaties. If
the Porte had been left to itself, the difference which
holds Europe in suspense would have been long since
settled. A fatal influence has thrown itself in the way
of an arrangement. .By exciting gratuitous suspicions,
by encouraging the fanaticism of the Turks, by mis•
leading their Government as to my intentions, and the
real import of my demands, this influence has imparted
to the question such exaggerated proportions that war
has been the consequence.
Your Majesty will permit me not to dwell too
much in detail upon the circumstances treated of
according to your Majesty's own point of view,
which are connectedly stated in your letter. Many
acts of mine, not correctly appreciated, as I think,
and more than one fact distorted, would require to
be put right, in such a way at least as I understand
them, long developments not of a nature to be
entered upon in a correspondence between sovereign
and sovereign. For instance, your Majesty attributes to
the occupation of the Principalities the fault of having
suddenly removed the question from the domain of dis•
cussion to that of fact. But your Majesty loses sight of
the fact that this occupation, purely eventual as it was,
was preceded, and to a great extent brought about, by
an anterior fact of great gravity, that of the appearance
of the combined fleets in the neighbourhood of the Dar-
danelles, besides which long before, and while England
still hesitated to assume a menacing attitude towards
Russia, your Majesty bad been the first to send your
fleet to Salamis. This offensive (blessante) demonstration
certainly announced but little confidence in me. It was
calculated to encourage the Turks, and to paralyse be-
forehand the success of the negotiations, by exhibiting
France and England as ready to aid their cause at all
events. In the same manner your Majesty attributes to
the explanatory commentaries on the Vienna note the
impossibility in which France and England found them-
selves to recommend its adoption to the Porte. But your
Majesty may remember that our comments followed,
and did not precede the pure and simple non•acceptance
of the note ; and I think the Powers, if they had seri-
ously 1 desired peace, were bound to assist on this adopt.
instead of permitting the Porte
toion
'purely and simply,
modify what. we had adopted without change.
" Besides, if any portion of our commentaries had
given rise to difficulties, I offered at Ohnutz a sa-
tisfactory solution, and one which appeared so to
Austria and Prussia, Unfortunately in the interval