The Sun.
London, England, 1854-10-25 00:00:00

THE HOP DUTY.

An account of the duty on hops of the growth of the
year 1554, distinguishing the districts, and the old front
the new duty :
DISTRICTS.

DITTY.
E. m. d.
Barnstaple
Canterbury
Cornwall
Derby
Essex 2 31
Gloucester 2" 1
Grantham 7 2
Hants 4,970 11 61,

Hereford .

9,633 6 4

Isle of Wight
Lincoln

635 2 11.
3 5 7'i

Rom'ling

1 4t

Rochester ...29,1314 3

10 7 11
2,439 1 3
3 14 1
3 11 9
.22,22 i 16 2
• 8 8 3i
▪ 2,661 9 1i
86,499 8 4i

Sheffield ....
Stoutbridge
Suffolk
urrey
Sussex
Wales Iliddlo
Worcester

• £. S. (1.
Old duty at 1 12-20(1. per lb. 47,369 910 4-2
Now duty at 8 20d. per lb. 35,012 47i 16-20
Additional duty of 5 per cont. per
Act 3 Viet., cap. 17

66,499 8 41
L. S. Lira, A. C. G.
Inland Revenue. Office, Sornerset-house, Oct. 24, 1854.

LANCASTER'S GUN.

TO THE EDITOR OY
have read with much interest the account of
the Lancaster guns, contained in your paper of Mon
day last. I have seen the guns described, and as I differ in
opinion with your correspondent as to the cause of their
bursting, I take the liberty of addressing a f“.• lines t.
you, And enclosing an account of come experiment.,
which I recently tried on different rifle and c,rabine
bullets, from which it appears that the results obtained,
nearly 100 years ago, by Mr. Hutton, are very nearly
accurate,
.and that the mornentnm of a ball projected
from a cannon or gun may be increased indefinitely, by
simply increasing either the weight of the ball or the
length of the cannon ; but a practical limit is set t
this increase of momentum by the strength of the

cannon.
It the weight of the ball be increased beyond a cer-
tain limit the cannon will burst rather than project the
ball ; and it is to the fact that bullets of too great weigh,
have been used, and not to a supposed tendency of tlst
ball to a rotat my movement, that the bur Ain; of the gun
is to be attributed. The theory of rifled bullets is simply
as follows :
A. rotation of the bullet round any axis, except one
coinciding with the trajectory, will cause a deviation
in a horizontal and ♦ertical plane, owing to the resist
once of the air. _ _

In ordinary rifles a rotation is communicated to the
ball round an axis coinciding; with the axis of the gnn
or trajectory. In cannon balls this is impossible, owing
to the great weight of the ball, which will destroy
the groove of the cannon or the projections of thy
ball. _ _ _

The next best thing has been proposed, and, I be-
lieve, accomplished by Lancaster's guns, which are only
a 'modification of the egg-shaped ball proposed Sy But-
ton—viz., to prevent the ball acquiring a rotatioi
round any axis. This is effected by making the ship,
of the gun and shell elliptical, so as to prevent any ro
tation occurring in the discharge.
danger, however, arises here ; if tho ball be too
heavy the cannon will burst.
In fact, I have proved, is a published paper (which I
enclose) that the momentum of the ball varies as the
square root of the weight of the powder, as 020 square
root of the length of the gun, and as the square root o
the weight of tke bullet jointly ; so that, to obtain r
double momentum, with the same gun and same charg,
of powder, we must use a ball of four times the weight
This fact, established by experiment, proves that th,
limit of weight necessary to burst the cannon must b,
speedily reached. This, I believe, to be the case witl
Lancaster's guns, and to be the great defect of this at
tempt to produce an effect in cannon shot and shell-
equivalent to that produced in musket balls by
rifling
the bore.
I would, therefore, suggest as a certain improvement
of the success of which I entertain no doubt, that instea,
of increasing the weight of the ball in the Lancaster gun.
we should increase the length of the gun. Tke gut',
which I saw at Woolwich did not appear to have th,
requisite length for the very great diameter of the her
and great weight of the hall. Requesting the irvertioi
of the foregoing, as my mite towards the destruction o
the Russian bugbear, I am, &0..
SA.NIXTEL HAUGHTON,
Profes,or of Geolo;y, Trinity College,
Trinity College, Dublin, Oct. 23.

THREE COLO:MOLES VACANT.—By the death of Lieu,
General Evrart, which took place on the 23d instant
the colonelcy of the 67th Regiment has become vacant
There are now three regiment, of infantry without 3,
colonel, viz., the Bth, 50th, and 87th.
We learn from good authority that the Viennese
statements respecting Hartmann are false. Hartmann
is safe is Constantinople, but suffering from illness.
dington, Berwick, Linlithgow, and Peebles Militia Artil
lery will shortly commence. The corps will be under
the command of Colonel Hay, of Dunne Castle. —Edin
burgh Courant.
EXTRAORDINARY ORDERS //ROM AUSTRALIA.--It is
gratifying to know that, while trade is comparatively
dull in Carlisle, we have been favoured with several ex-
tensive orders from Australia. By the last overlai-,
mail, Mr.Wilham Slater, steam-biscuit and bread inanu
facturer, &c., of this city, received four orders, two re
them of a very extensive character, and such as would
do credit to any manufacturer in the kingdom. Last
night we had the pleasure of seeing one of these order,- ,
made up. It consists of 90 very large cases, in which are
enclosed about 6,500 boxes, containing an
quantity of biscuits, nearly all of which are of the fines,
and most expensive description. The gross weight is
about 17 tons ; the cubic contents about 50 tons, or as
ranch as could be carried by an ordinary sloop. Thi
order will be despatched to Liverpool to-day (Friday)
and forwarded to Australia with all possible speed. II
is for an English house in the golden colony. The
other large order is for a Scotch house. The former ha--
been executed in less than 10 deys, while the regular
busines of the establishment has not been interfered
with. Such an extensive trade is an honour to Carlisle.
and could not fall into more deserving hands than those
of our enterprising friend, Mr. Slater.—Carlisle paper.
M. de Mercey, commissioner charged with the care
of all matters connected with the Exhibition of th,
Fine Arts at Paris for 1855, has given notice to the
foreign committees that they should make known.
as quickly as possible, what space the artists of
their respective countries may require. The ques
tion having been sent in as to artists being allowed
to affix to their works the price of each, a negative
answer has been given ; but a register will be kept
ir-
which the prices will lie inserted. Both French and fo
reign works of art will be received from January 16 to
March 15 until midnight. The committees are to send
in their notice of space, number of works, &a., before
November 15.
The supply of money yesterday was again more abun-
dant, and the prospect of a permanent increase of ease
in the discount market seems greater than at any recent
period. The rapid rise in wheat, however, will produce
some effect in lessening the remittances of specie from
the United States, while it will increase the amounts
likely to be forwarded from this country to the Conti
nent. According to the &deices received yesterday from
America, although there was some business going OF
in flour and grain for export, thi supply was greater
than the demand ; and, if this was the ease under the
prices which prevailed on this side a -month back, an
active shipment may be looked for immediately the new'
of our present rates shall have arrived out. The move-
ment will also be facilitated both from the United States
and Canada by the decline in freight, which has been
going on for some time. With regard to the Continent,
it is understood that orders have been sent to Spain,
where there is a large available surplus, while the pre-
sumption may else be entertained that Denmark,
whence, for the past two or three years, we have been
accustomed to receive nearly one-third as mush as from
Russia, will still contribute a good quantity.—Tines.
LONDON Tnonouonnenne.—Nothing short of a second
route to the Bank of England, parallel with Cheap-
side and the Strand from Holborn, will be effec-
tive. The cross traffic of that impassable street
Chancery-lane, aid the traffic of Fetter-less and Far -
ringdon-street, cause the delay. It is also the heavy
traffic of Cheapside and Fenchurch-street that bloFa-s
up these street.. To remedy this, I P"P°tleof ticks
a new street be opened from the wide part
Strand, apposite Somerset-house, into the 7es sidet of
Lincoln's-inn-fields and from that to the wide par of
tilsiest;raenetd would
goauilnd,
aHboslobrobrnth,
s eoppositextra t):foanygianngdo
ftr
if a few houses were takes down from the Holborn
bars to the top of Charles-street, Hatton-garden, and a few
mere houses between Little Britain and St. Martin's-be.
Grand, so as to make it in a straight line with Gresham-
street, a new route would be made for the Oxferd-
street traffic, which now so densely crowds Newgate-
street and Cheapside, and also ftn easy access would
be made both to the Eastern Counties Railway Sta-
tion and to the Minories, with, for the better going
through Fenchuroh-street, the building of a e across
bridge
e a faodr one- t hCi rgrd" atahee
tinhteoFslemeitthbfieetlwd,eewnhiCchhacralensb-setrdeieut
cost of a bridge at Holborn-hill. lam seriously interested
in
at facilitate tnaotrei
ems
whichaa l
y
aa
passagesom e such
between
Charing-crossimprovement,
e a
and
very often occupies me half an hour each morning and
evening more than it did three years ago ; if this is the
case what am I to expect in three
ing to the increase of
tretac.ooyrreara hence,
csreroleitt a:ew-ftidos-
Builder.