The Sun.
London, England, 1854-05-16 00:00:00

BRITISH EXPEDITION AT GALLIPOLI.

badly whe n compared with that of the French army,
which is p ertection.
Lord Raglan, accompanied by Lord de Roos,
Quarter.ii aster-General, and staff, Mr. Burrell,
P.M.0., Dr. Tice, &c., arrived at noon in the Bay
of Gallipoli, on board the Emeu. Although expected
for several days past, it so happened that no one
was in w citing to receive him. The General, Sir G.
Brown, ,his Brigadier-General, Colonel Eyre, and
staff, had gone out early in the morning to inspect
the 28th and the other regiments of the Eastern
camp. Colonel Sullivan, Deputy Adjutant General,
and Capt.ain Hallewell, Deputy Assistant Quarter-
m4ster-Gtmeral, had also ridden out of the Own to
look after various matters connected with the ar-
rangemen t of the camps. When Lord Raglan
landed, tab erefore, he had full time to look about
him, and form a notion of the capabilities of Gal-
lipoli. lie proceeded to the General's quarters,
and when Sir George returned they had a long in-
terview. Lord Raglan visited Admiral Bruat on
board his flag ship, and was received with the
usual sail' te, which was repeated on his departure.
He sailed that night for the Bosphorous. On Sa-
turday P rince Jerome Napoleon arrived. The
town was shaken by the Imperial salute of
101 guns from each of the five French line of
battle ships. He left the ship for the shore in a
storm of wind, under similar salute, which fright-
ened the Greeks out of their lives. On Sunday the
General, -the Deputy Adjutant-General, Colonel
Sullivan, and staff attended divine service at the
camp, an, l the Rev. Mr. Mockler preached an ex.
cellent Falrmon ; after which they attended an in-
spection of 20,000 French troops b y the Prince.
The Ron ran Catholic chaplain, Mr. Wheble, has
been ordered out of the 44th camp into the town. It
is expeeied that Sir George Brown will leave this
week, and that his place will be taken by Sir R.
England. The Rifle Brigade and 93d Regiment
will go with him.

FRANCE.

The bombardment of Silistria is considered in
Paris as a.n answer on the part of Russia to the
bombard' nent of Odessa. As hostilities have now
actually ciommeuced on both sides, both the French
and English Governments are using the most ener-
getic me Jams to induce Austria and Prussia to
declare themselves one wayor other, and if possible
to indu.ce them to join the Western Powers in
adoptie,g active measures against Russia. It
is expected that should the Russians advance
towards Constantinople, or should the Cabinets
of Vienna and Berlin continue to persist in their
pretended neutrality, Napoleon will, before autumn,
push for ward the troops about to assemble for the
camp at Boulougne and St. Omer to the frontier
of the Rhine. The German Powers are quite
aware of the danger they run, but still look for
safety, riot in an attack upon the common enemy,
but in i•eegotiation. It is said that tl:ey have made
propositions to Russia which will probably be
accepted, but which in the present state of affairs
will hardly be accepted by England and France.
It was reported in Paris yesterday that a levy
of 100,000 men had been ordered by the Prussian
Government.

The JPresse states that on Saturday, the Sixth
Rt-!giment of Cuirassiers commenced its embarka-
tion—an operation which was continued. On the
previous day 1,000 soldiers left Toulon for Greece.
The additional buildings admitted to be neces-
sary to complete the Palace of Industry in the
Champs Elysees will be commenced immediately.
These additions will be made of cast iron, so as to
be removable when the Universal Exhibition is
over. They will be very extensive, for applications
have already been made for the admission of no
less than 1,000 large engines requiring space to
allow visitors to inspect them in action. It will
unfortunately be necessary to cut down a good
many more trees. The building is expected to be
finished in November. Immense preparations are
making throughout Europe and in the United
States for an industrial display which, notwith-
standing the war, bids fair to rival the first and
famous world's fair of London.

A decree of the 26th ult. enacts that diplomatic
and consular agents, who may have been obliged
on account of war, or of other grave circumstances,
to leave their posts and return to France, may re-
ceive for six months, dating from their return, a
special allowance varying according to their grade,
and calculated at from 50,000 fr. to 60,000 fr. for
ambassadors, 15,000 fr. to 40,000 fr. for ministers
plenipotentiaries, and 2,400 fr. to 14,000 fr. for
other agents, from the grade of chancellor or dra-
goman to that of charge d'affaires. At the end of
the six months, the agents who may have served
for more than ten years may be allowed the pay
fur non-active services.

M. de Hubner, Austrian Envoy in Paris, has
received from the Emperor of Austria the Order of
the Iron Crown of the first class, and is thereby
raised to the dignity of a Baron of the Empire.
Baron Huyssen de Kattendycke, Minister of
State of the King of the Netherlands, died in Paris
on Saturday, aged 72.
The Three per Cents. opened yesterday at 67f. 20c.
fell to 66f. 75c., and closed at 67f. 15c. for tile end
of the month ; the Four-and-a-Half per Cents.
closed at '94f. ; and the New Loan at 66f. 45c. ;
Orleans .'Railway Shares, I,loof. ; Rouen, 915 f. ;
Havre, 462 f. 50c. ; Great Northern, 785 f. ; Stras-
burg, 7.33 f. 75c. ; New Shares, 575 f. ; Paris and
Lyons, 882 f. 50c. ; Lyons to the Mediterranean,
730 f.: Western of France, 610 f. ; Bordeaux and.
Cette, 542 f. 50c. ; Great Central of France, 470 f. ;
Lyons to Geneva, 470 f. ; Bank of Credit Mobilier,
557 f. 50c.

GALLIPOLI, MI 2.—Since the arrival o f Briga-
dier-General Eyre and staff (Brigade-Major Hope
and Lieutenant Graham, aide-de-camp), each of
the regiments stationed here has been inspected on
successive mornings. All of these inspections have
been considered satisfactory, with the exception of
that of the 28th Regiment, which was reviewed
Yesterday. Sir George Brown found fault with
them in several particulars, and ordered them to
°▪ e paraded again for inspection at 8i o'clock this
morning. Brigadier Evre gives his men no rest.
The 44th (to whom the General paid a complimen.,
on their efficient condition), the 28th, and 4th are
under arms daily at 51 a.m. The Brigadier is ever
at the camp soon after dawn, and they may think
themselves lucky if they get released after three
hours' drill and marching. The men are certainly
getting into fine working order, in spate of the
Weather. It would be well, however, if there was
a little more attention paid to their comforts by
the home authorities. Where is all the beer at 3d.
a quart, and " pale ale for officers" at 4d. a quart
--where the preserved potatoes and potted meats,
of which we have heard so much, and have seen so
little, and have tasted nothing ? The supplies of
rum are very uncertain, and tantalise the men very
much. Sometimes the ration beef is quite uneat-
a,lde ; it is so green and nasty the men have to
throw it away, and the worst of all is that their
rambles throhgli the French searitip, where their see
Plenty of wile.;, rice, tLe., wake 111011 i
discontented and grumbling. The Post-office de-
Partment too is very unsatisfactory and shows very

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 16, 1854.

ncome of 1853 there were deducted 5,500,0001. income-
tax, the net revenue would be 49,000,0001., derived from
the same sources of Customs, Excise, and assessed taxes,
being 2,000,000/. more than before these reductions of
16,000,0001. sterling, of w hich the hon. gentleman (Mr.
Newdegate) complained. (Hear, hear.) The effect of the
alteration in the sugar duties proposed by the Chancellor
of the Exchequer would be that, instead of being equalised
at 10s., they would be equalised at 12s. Where there was a
difference—and no doubt there would be a slight one—it
would not be of a protective nature, inasmuch as it would
apply just as much to foreign as to West India sugars ; and,
indeed, he should be deceiving the West India interest if
he threw it out as a boon, for he was disposed to let them
know all the truth—it would apply in larger proportion
to the Manilla and Brazil sugars than to the West
Indian. So far, therefore, as the principle of protection
was concerned, he denied entirely that anything of the
kind was to be found in the present measure. The hon.
geutleman who had just sat down had said that the Go-
vernment, having last year repealed the duty upon soap
because it was an Excise duty, were now acting diametri-
cally opposite to their own principles, inasmuch as they
now proposed an increase iu an Excise duty ; but hon.
gentlemen who had listened to the debates in that house
must be well aware of the distinction between removing
an obstruction altogether and adding to a duty without
causing an addition to the obstruction which already ex-
isted, and that was his reply to the taunt of the hon. mem-
ber when he charged the Government with getting rid of
one Excise duty one year and increasing another the next.
With regard to the question, which had already been
worn so threadbare by discussions in that house, as to who
paid the tax, it was one which he had hardly expected
would have been raised on the present occasion. They
really did not require arguments on such a subject, for lie
asked who had already paid the tax? What had been
issued by all the metropolitan brewers that morning?
Was there any reduction in the price of malting barley ?
If there was, the Mark-lane market showed none, for it
was quoted that day at from 38s. to 11s. per quarter, and
he asked, was not that a fair price ? But had they not an
increased price of beer? Was it not true, as had been
stated to the house by an hon. member, that the brewers
had issued a circular raising the price of that article to
a sum that rather more than covered the increased duty
upon malt? The duty upon malt was to be increased by
2s. 10d., but the increased price of beer was 3s. ; and,
therefore, the brewers not only repaid themselves for the
increase of duty, but charged somewhat more for the in-
terest upon advances. (Hear.) The whole question of who
paid for the increased duty was at an end, for the Mark-lane
quotations had told them the producers did not, and the
brewers' circular that the public did pay for it. What,
then, was the use of discussing speculative opinions
upon this subject, or the conclusions based upon such
opinions ? (Hear.) This question had received the earnest
consideration of the Government, and he assured the house
that the principle was adopted with an honest view and a
full determination of laying the duty on the consumer in
the fairest possible way, so that it should be distributed
among the whole community in a manner that would in-
flict the least injury upon the industry and trade of the
country. This duty had been selected above all others in
order that the whole community should contribute towards
the taxation in the fair proportion in which they consumed
the article. (Hear.)
Mr. SPOONER contended that this tax was unjust and
unequal, and that an import duty ought to have been sub-
stituted. Asserting that the peasants were the great con-
sumers of beer, he made fight for that fluid in answer to
Mr. Crossley, and told him to ask a wearied labonrer
whether he found no nourishment in it. One of his objec-
tions to the tax was, its depriving the peasant of his whole-
some homebrew and driving him tothe public-house. He
dwelt upon the value of malt (not given dry, but as a sweet
wort) to cattle. Mr. Wilson's Mark-lane argument he ridi-
culed, saying that the barley market was over just now,
but let them see what the result would be at a future time.
He indignantly denied that there was any unwillingness
to support the Government in the war, but said that the
worst way to carry it on was to make the hardworking
peasantry feel that they were unjustly treated.
Sir C. BURRELL, who was nearly inaudible, supported
the amendment.
Mr. SANDARS contended that it would be in favour of
the barley growers to continue the tax, as the foreigner,
who produced an inferior kind of barley, would be the
inure able to compete with the home producer if the trade
were thrown open. His own opinion as to the war was,
that it might have been avoided, but being in it, supplies
must be found, and he saw several advantages in this par-
ticular tax, which required uo fresh staff of collectors, and
all of which went to the Exchequer. It had been his duty
to bring various grievances of the maltsters before Govern-
ment, and be was bound to state that they were in course
of removal. _

Why, obviously the mercantile and manufacturing—the
class engaged in (reign interchange, which war, in pro-
portion as it spreads, must impede and cripple. (Hear.)
The pr since Of land ehich is consumed at house, not ex-
ported, the domestic exchange in retail trade, the profits
of professions, are not so vitally interested in tihe suppres-
sion of a di,eaitt scar as those sublime departments of in-
dustry which distance itself the more developer, and which
enrich the manufacturer and meihant wherever they can
fied a friendly shore and an open sea. (Hear, hear.)
One might suppose, then, that the Government, if
it be unhappily compelled to call upon any claws more
than another to contribute to the expenses of war, would
look: naturally to that class to whom the restor,ation
of peace is so essentially important. And it would do
so, in this case, the more reasonably, not only because .of
the comparative wealth of those great members of the cot,-
porate state, but because no class during the 40 years'
peace thus abruptly terminate' has been so largely bene-
fitted by fiscal reductions. (Hear, hear.) No one can
deny that the main spirit and effect of all our reliefs since
the Reform Bill, and even before, have been to favour ou r
mercantile anti manufacturing interests in reference to any
other. The class which has most benefitted by the reliefs
afforded in peace may well be expected most willingly to
co-operate in the means necessary for the termination of
war. Yet it is not to this class the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer looks for the burdens he resolves to impose. Out
of the whole community he selects for a special infliction
the special class which has had the hardest struggles, has
had the slightest share in the mitigation of taxes, has re-
cently been mulete.l of a large portion of its capital for an
experiment, mainly intended to promote the success of
manufactures, and, according to frank avowals of the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer himself, frank avowals by the noble
lord who leads the Government in this house, was entitled
to some compensation, if compensation could be found.
Now, this is the compensation you give them. They asked
you a year ago to reduce the malt tax; your reply is to add
to the malt tax two millions and a half. This is not all ,
besides money, there is something else which a people must.
contribute to the dreadful necessities of war. They must
contribute their siaews and their blood. The heaviest tax
of all is that of human jives. Now, of all classes, which are
here spared the most? It is surely the population of great
mercantile and manufacturing towns. It is not there that
the recruiting sergeant beats for recruits. It is in the agri-
cultural districts, it is in the rural population, that you
principally find the soldiers that man your armies ; it is
there that fathers will most mourn their children. But this
is the class to whom the Chancellor of the Exchequer goes
hand in hand with the recruiting sergeant. The one asks
for money, the other for life. In the ordinary laws of con-
scription for military service, if the man decline service,
he is bound to find the money that provides a substi-
tate. But these laws you reverse ; you press into the
military service the inhabitants of the rural districts, and
from the rural districts you take, again, the money that is
to find substitutes for th, denizens of manufacturing towns.
(Cheers.) I cannot conceive a greater injustice than the
one you propose in the malt-tax, nor one that—under all
circumstances, all the recollections, embitteriug class against
class connected with the repeal of the corn laws— will be
more gallingly felt, both as an injustice and as an insult,
by the agricultural body, upon whom it will mainly fall.
It will affect that body in all its gradations. The hon. gen•
tleman who moved the amendment treated the question
in a very able manner ; but there were one or two points '
that he only partially touched upon, with regard to which
I will make a few observation. Of course the increased
price of beer will tend to diminish the demand for barley ;
but it will do something more than that. Already the
high price of bread has diminished the consumption of
beer, and has, therefore, tended in some degree to check
the cultivation of barley ; and now comes your new tax
to discourage altogether the cultivation of the ordinary
barley, for your tax falling alike on all qualities of barley,
the price of the inferior barleys will sink much
below the present proportion to the superior barleys, and
there will therefore be a tendency to cultivate none but
that of a superior quality. Again, your tax necessitates
the increase of capital by the maltster, and whatever neces-
sitat-s increase of capital tends to restrict trade and brings
fewer purchasers into the market. There is another and a
stronger reason against the selection of a special tax bear-
ing so markedly upon a special class. Upon entering into
this war, which, no doubt. does require all our united
energies, it certainly would be wise to forbear whatever
tends to create or reopen all class grievances and all class
contests among ourselves, anti this would be the more espe-
cially wise with regard to the agricultural class, because
you know perfectly well that an angry excitement has long
existed in that class in consequence of that change in your
commercial policy as to which I will not now argue whether
it was right or wrong; and you must remember that the only
boon or mode of conciliation proffered to that class was the
proposition for the reduction of the malt tax. (Hear.)

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