The Sun.
London, England, 1838-08-22 00:00:00

poser! to acquiesce silently in the tate to which their
superiors in rank would fain condemn them. They are
sturdy Scotchmen these Aberdonitns—sturdy in mind as
well as in body, and they haven() notion of being swindled
out of their rights, without, at least, remonstrating
with the swindlers.

lit many—we might say most—of the bbserrations
which fell from the principal speaker we concur
though we dissent very widely from some of the opi-
nions which he advanced. We cannot approve of the
doctrine that no faith is to he kept with the public
creditor, because the national debt was contracted by-
Tory administrations. The conduct of the Tories
was no doubt as had as bad could be. They
squandered the -national funds in unjust wars, and in-
deed in all possible ways that the wit of man could
devise, and then they oppressed the people with an all
I.;ut insufferable load of taxation to supply their reck-
less and cruel extravagance. Still the evils which
would result from rescinding the contract made with
the national creditor would be such that no man in
his senses, who is capable of appreciating them, would
advocate such a proceeding.
The Corn-laws came in for a just share of animad-
version. Of all the Acts ever passed by the Legis-
fature of any country, that which reflects the greatest
disgrace on the Legislators is the Corn-law passed by
the Tories in 1815, and afterwards modified by them.
Here we saw the Legislative body unscrupulously
laying on a tax, for their own exclusive benefit, upon the
whole of the community, basely sacrificing the general
good to their own individual and selfish interests. Was
ever such a deadly blow as this given to legislatorial
respectability ? Was it not striking at the very root
Of that character for honesty and impartiality in the
law-maker, which is the foundation of all public respect
for the law ?

Paris, with a population of one million, has eighteen
daily papers, the average sale of which amounts to
72,000 copies per day, while London, with a po-
pulation of a million and a half, has only ten
daily papers, with a sale of about 44,000 per day.
Taking the number of newspapers sold in every
country as a criterion of the state of education,
Spain surpasses all the European States in igno-
rance. We believe the criterion is tolerably correct.
We have seen in some French Paper a list of the num-
ber of newspapers published in Europe, and in that list
Spain stands at the very bottom, having had some
years ago not more than twelve newspapers for a po-
pulation
of twelve millions. But Spain exhibits many
remarkable features, and is at the bottom of the list in
many other respects. No nation stands so low in
point of national credit, patriotism, good government,
or humanity. The Durango decree and the cruelties
committed in retaliation by the Christinos, mark her
in the latter respect with indelible characters. We
know not how the Church stands now, but a few years
ago it was the richest in the world. The richest
Church, and the most ignorant and the most debased
people, form lamentable contrasts.

We have great pleasure in submitting to our readers
the following copy of the Proclamation of his Excel-
lency the Governor of British Guiana for terminating
the negro apprenticeship on the Ist of August :--
" To all to whom these presents do, may, or shall come,
greeting be it known—
" Whereas the non•praedial apprenticed labourers of this
colony will be fully freed and discharged from their appren-
ticeship on the first day of August next :
" And whereas it has become necessary and expedient that
the apprenticeship of the prtedial labourers should also be ter-
minated at the same time :

" Be it therefore enacted, that all and every the persons,
who, on the first day of August, one thousand eight hundred
and thirty-eight, shall be holden within British Guiana as
prsedial apprenticed labourers, shall, upon, and from and after the
said first day of August, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-
eight, become and be to all intents and purposes whatsoever,
absolutely freed and discharged of, and, from the then remain-
ing term of their apprenticeship, created by the Act of the
Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland, entitled,
An Act for the Abolition of Slavery throughout the British
Colonies, for promoting the industry of the manumitted slaves
and for compensating the persons hitherto entitled to the ser-
vices of such slaves,' and of, and from all and every the
obligations imposed on them by the said Act, and the several
pains and penalties thereunder or thereby incurred.
" And that no ignorance shall:be pretended of this our Ordi-
dance, these presents shall be printed and published in the
customary manner.

" Thus d.ne and enacted at our Adjourned Assembly, held
at the Guiana Public Buildings, Georgetown, Deme-
rara, this 12th day of July, 1838, and published same
day. " HENRY LIGHT."

On Monday the Goldfinch packet arrived at Fal-
mouth, from South America, having on freight three
hundred and forty-eight thousand dollars in specie.
The Goldfinch sailed from Vera Cruz on the 26th of
June, Tampico on the Ist of July, and Havannah on
the 18th—consequently the intelligence which she
brings is not of so late a date as the advices from
Mexico, received yesterday, via New York. The let-
ters brought by her, however, confirm all that has
been stated relative to the injury which the Mexican
revenue has sustained, in consequence of the French
blockade, which was then very effective.

We copy from the Advertiser of this morning, the
following extract from a letter from Alexandria, which
our Contemporary states, may be regarded as official,
being written by a person high in the confidence of the
VICEROY. We do not, however, attach much impor-
tance to it, being persuaded, that MEHEMET ALI will
adopt no line of policy which would involve him in a
quarrel with England and France. The writer, it is
true, presumes that France is really indifferent to the
settlement of this question one way or other ; but in this
he is certainly mistaken. Still, for our own part, we
have alWays been .of opinion, that it would be quite
possible to re-establish the throne of the PHARAOHS,
without weakening the power of the SULTAN, or ex-
tending the ramifications of Russian intrigue. But
this can never be accomplished without the joint and
cordial concurrence of England and France :
ALEXANDRIA, JULY 27.—We have letters from London t;)
the sth instant, by which the Pacha expected that the British
Consul-General would have received an answer from his Go-
vernment; this he fully depends upon by the next steamer.
The French Consul has received his reply, which is to remon-
strate with Mahomed Ali, and it is expected that England's
reply will be the same, as, from all we can learn, they are
decided to preserve the statu quo system. What avail will
this reply have upon Mahomed Ali ? you will naturally ask.
Our answer is, that, in our opinion, it will not dissuade him
from his purpose, thereby fully playing the game of Russia,
and the Porte will only wait a favourable opportunity to at-
tack in his madness Mahomed Ali's fleet; and the probability
is, that we shall, ere long, have the scenes of Navarino acted
over again, and this under the delusion of strengthening the
Turkish empire. It is surprising to us that the British Go-
vernment has not availed its:leiletl flo of this occasion to settle the
eastern question, which, had they sufficient moral courage,
tfldhouerneyniennacioiganhts.tcdooFnersaatansnielteyi,ncßoanprdeles impairconsequently
s enlqbi
uuo
eus
nst it ail
yt'
aiitnntflldeusehinveac es h
aeisnx
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ens d
-e
from her, particularly
as she looks with great jealousy upon
the support the Pacha has hitherto given to the
British. We
are surprised that the East India Company do not view the
question with the importance which it demands. Is it that
they have no fear of Russian invasion, or do they deem the
period too remote for them to trouble themselves about it? They ought to remember, that although they are at present
the undisturbed governors of that mighty country, they do not
hold possession of it by the free will of the people ; and to the
great masses a change of government would not be unwel-
come. Does not the great importance of being able to reach
India in one-third the time require that the road we travel
should be safe, and that the Prince who governs should be
friendly disposed to us ? If we regard the subject merely upon
the principle of civilization, it behoves enlightened England
to do her best to give effect to Mahomed Ali's views to im-
prove his country, which, if free from the Sultan, he soon
would ; but the necessity of keeping up such an army and
nary quite impoverishes his people. The Pacha has offered
some cotton for sale, but his prices would bring it to Id, per
lb., delivered in Liverpool. At these prices
the merchants
do not consider it prudent to purchase. The Pacha has stated
that he will ship it upon his own account."

The 2'inus of this morning publishes a letter from
Constantinople, dated the 28th uh., which states that
so violent is the misunderstanding between Lord
PONSONBY and Admiral Roussm, the Ambassadors

of England and Prance at the Porte, that one or other
of them must be recalled. The writer presumes that
Lord PoNsoNEY, being o.;e tfdOst influential at home,
•will remain, find that Admiral RoussiN, though the
qui-61 i)Atty, will be sacrificed. For our own part we
-cannot tell whether thiz., report be true or false ; but
rumours bOvc repeatedly reached us to the effect, that
Lice interests of England and Froutt have suffered in
Turkey from slight Misunderstandings between their
rrspedive Ministers.

Letters and Papers from Madrid of the 13th inst.
have been received, but they bring no information cal-
culnt7d to throw any new light upon, the squabbles
between ESPARTERO and the Cabinet. The former,
we learn from letters from Bayonne, occupied Lo-
grono, with 4,000 men, with the intention, as was
surmised, of attacking the line of Zubiri.
The following is a letter from Manrejo, of 9th August:—
This morning, at dawn of day a convoy of provisions left
for Pableta, and we now hear a heavy firine, of musketry, with
the report of cannon. The Carlists, no doubt, are attacking
the convoy who are conducting the materials.
" Seven o'clock.—Our artillery is advancing, and from its
firing we learn that the point of attack is at the public-house
of Farenetas, one league from Pableta, and the Hermitage ; the
faction are perceived to be retreating on the side of the mewl_
tain Erbes, the road the grand convoy took.
" Nine o'clock.—We now do not hear any continued firing
of cannon, but now and then at a distance ; it is night, and
the firing has ceased."
Other letters state that Oraa has taken the heights which
command Morella ; he has with him thirty battalions, 1,500
cavalry, fifty pieces of artillery for the siege, and twenty
mountain pieces.
San Miguel is bringing to bim 400 carts with provisions.

The Paris Journals of Monday are extremely barren
of domestic news Of general interest. They are mostly
occupied with the Mexican blockade, and the move_
ments of the French and British fleets in the Medi-
terranean. The British Naval force in that sea is
stated to be daily increasing. On the 15th the Ta-
lavera had arrived at Malta, and the Hastings, Min-
den, and Pique, were expected. The Pembrol•e had
sailed for Smyrna, where the French brig,: Sur-
prise, was at anchor. The French and English
fleets at Tunis on the 2d, consisted of nine line-
of-battle ships and three other vessels. The Egyp-
tian fleet consisted of nine line-of-battle-ships,
five frigates, six brigs, five corvettes, and one steam-
ship. The:Ottoman fleet, which is said to be quite
as strong, was then at sea standing in the direction
of Tunis.

Yesterday the Prince DE JOINVILLE was to:leave
Paris for Brest, to join the blockading squadron off
Mexico.

A letter from Athens of the 31st ult. states that M.
DE BARANTE, the French Ambassador at the Court of
Russia, after remaining for eight days at the Court of
King OTHO, sailed that day for Smyrna. His
MAJESTY had treated him with extraordinary marks
of attention, and decorated him with the Greek Order
of the Saviour. It was not known whether the Am-
bassador was charged with any extraordinary mission
which related to the affairs of Greece.

The following extracts from the Journals of
Monday include the only additional news they contain
of any interest :

When we learn from the Ministerial Evening Journal that
the Rear- Admiral had sailed with a large force, for Mexico,
we believed that the Ministry had received the news of his de-
parture, by the telegraph, but according to the information
which we have received from our ports, the preparations for
the expedition were going on, and the ships which are to com-
pose them, are not yet all ready to put to sea. Accordingly,
another Ministerial paper contents Limself with saying that
Rear- Admiral Baudin is preparing to sail with the force that
is necessary to insure the success of the measures resolved upon
by the Government. We are sorry for these delays. The
loss of time not only prolongs the blockade which is as prejudi-
cial to our commerce, as it is fatiguing to our squadron, but it
exposes the latter to increased dangers from the approach of
the stormy season, and the yellow fever. Thus every day
affords proof of the bad management of our affairs, a better
conducting of which would lead to speedy and decisive results.
_Le Commerce.

A letter from Kirchberg of the Bth of August gives most
satisfactory accounts of the exiled Royal Family. The
Duchess of Berri has passed a fortnight at Kirchberg.—
Gazette de France, Aug. 20.
The Moniteur has no eficial part this morning.
Captain Turpin, of the Navy, who was summoned from
Toulon by a telegraphic despatch, arrived at Paris on Satur-
day. He set out yesterday for Brest, where he is to take the
command of the Nereide frigate, which is to be the flag-ship
of Rear- Admiral Baudin. The frigates Medea, Capt. Leroy,
and Gloire, Capt. Laine, are likewise to make part of the ex-
pedition. The Government seems resolved to prosecute this
affair with the greatest vigour. The choice of the Admiral
and of the officers under his command is generally approved,
and will not allow us to doubt the success of the enterprise.--
Constitutionnel.
FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS, AUGUST 20.
five per Cents., 111 f. t oc. 75c. 80c.
Three per Cents., 80f: 95c. 90c.
itente de Naples, 99f. 85c. 90c.
Roman Five per Cents., 101% 102.
Spanish Actives, 22%.
Spanish Difleres, By 4.
Spanish Passives, 434.
Belgian Five per Cents., 104.
Belgian Bank, 1,412 f. 50c.
EXCII•NOIL ON LONDON.
0,,e month, paper, 25f. 42%c.; money, 2.f 40c
Three months, paper, 25f. 27;4c.; money, 251. 2734 c.

LATEST PRICES.
Five per Cents. 111 f. 80c.
Three per Cents., SOL 95c.
Romans, 102.
Belgian Loan, 104.
Belgian Bank, 1,442 f. 50c,
Spanish Actives, 22. A.
Spanish Differes, 8%.
Spanish Passives, 4,4.

German Papers of the latest dates have reached us
this morning. The following are extracts from
them :

The Augsburg Gazelle of the 16th inst. announces that the
Emperor of Austria intended spending two days at the villa
Cautejo, near Padua, with the Duke of Modena.
The FranVort Journal mentions that the Royal Family of
Prussia and the Emperor and Empress of Russia were to re-
turn to Berlin on the 18th of September.
The Councillor of State and President of the Academy of
Sciences of Piedmont, General Augustin Lascaris di Vintimi-
glia, died at Turin on the 28th ult.
ROME, AUG. 7.—The Romans expect numerous foreigners
in the winter, because announcements of the intended arrival
of many great families have already been received. Many
intend, immediately after the Coronation at Milan, to go and
spend the autumn at Naples and in the vicinity, and after-
wards to come to Rome. We flatter ourselves that besides a
German Sovereign we shall have for a short time the young
Grand Duke Alexander. Notice has been received of the
arrival of several Russian nobles about that time, which is
considered as proving the expectation of the Grand Duke's
visit. Many of the citizens will derive from the presence of
rich families a source of gain, which has of late been very
limited, to the great loss of the working classes and trades-
people. Besides the Russians many English are expected,
who always form the majority of travellers in Italy. Many
persons already set out for Naples last week to see the erup-
tion of Vesuvius, which was announced long before by the
drying up of the wells.
It is in contemplation to build a new observatory, and it is
hoped the Pope will give his assent, as he has already ex-
pressed himself very favourably on the subject. The friends
of the plan are not yet agreed whether the Monte Pineio or
the Monte Marie would 'be the best situation for it. Rome
has several observatories, the most distinguished of which
is in the Collegio Romano, under the direction of the Jesuits.
The proposed new observatory is to be assigned to persons
eminent in the science.
On Sunday after midnight Thorwaldsen left Rome to go by
way of Civita Vecchia to Leghorn, where a Danish man-of-
war is ready to convey him to Copenhagen. Several of his
countrymen have accompanied him ; and twoAylouennigeeirnaertzisetis r
t
Blauck and Mathias, will perform the voyage to Denmark
with him. The great artist trusts to be soon back at Rome,
as we hear before the winter, which, at his advanced age, he is
averse
Aug.efrom passingl6. in a northern climate.—
ig

Mr. Bentley has in the press, and will publish in a
few days, a work by Mr. J. L. Stephens, so favourably known
by his interesting " Incidents of Travel in the Holy Land,
Egypt, Edom, &c." His forthcoming work is entitled " In-
cidents of Travel in the Russian and Turkish Empires ;" and
from a portion, which we have read, descriptive of a visit to
Mr. Rhodes, naval architect to the Sultan, and the launch of a
ship under his direction, we anticipate great pleasure from
the perusal of the entire work. The great popularity of his
lately published work on the Holy Land will be a sufficient
guarantee for the interest of his new production, for we have
no fear that Mr. Stephens will trifle with so distinguished a re_
putat ion. _ _

•
EQUAL REPRESENTATIONT.-Mr. Troup, Editor
of the Montrose Review, delivered an interesting lecture on
the above subject in the Caledonian Hall on the evening of
Tuesday week. The audience, consisting principally of the
working daises, was riot very numerous, but the deepest at-
tention was paid thrcughout to Mr. Troup's well-selected illus-
trations of the notoriously defective state of the representation,
some county constituencies and aristocratic "pocket" boroughs
containinT, 150 to 300 voters, exercising in many instances as
much influence in the appointment of Members of Parliament
as is vouchsafed to as many thousands in some of the boroughs.
Mr. Troup was warmly applauded at the close of his lecture.
—Perth Chronicle.