The Sun.
London, England, 1854-03-24 00:00:00

7311 TREATIES BETWEEN RUSSIA AND

TUAKEY.

to political and territorial treaties between Russia
" and Turkey have not been easily accessible to the Eng-
lish public. Genies of the chief of them have now been
Dreg ented to Parliament by the Government, and
p zed.
'I, he claim of Russia to a right of surveillance in refe-
r emue to the Christian religion and its churches in Turkey
r ests on the first treaty in this collection, the treaty "of
p errdetual peace and friendship," concluded between
t; io se two Powers at Kutschouc-Kainardji, upon the
ri it bank of the Danube. in July, 1774. This treaty
se ti Sled the then boundary between the two countries,
le. a' ring Bessarabia to Turkey ; and " the two empires
eed to annihilate and leave in an eternal obli-
vi a: i ail the previous treaties between them." By
A .rt icle VII., "the Sublime Porte promised to protect
co su stantly the Christian religion and its churches ; and
it .1 dso allowed the Ministers of the Imperial Court of
R Cassia to make upon all occasions representations, as
w ell in favour of the new church at Constantinople, of
w hich mention was to be made in Article XI V., as on
half of its officiating ministers, promising to take such
re presentations into due consideration, as being made by
a, sr,nfidential functionary of a neighbouring and sincerely
fri, s4ndly power." By Article XIV., "after the manner
of ti other powers, permission was given to the High
Cc' rt of Russia, in addition to the chapel built in the
Mitt .ster's residence, to erect in one of the quarters of Ga-
latA, in the street called Bey Oglu, a public church of the
Gnu k ritual, which should always be under the protec-
tioi e of the Ministers of that empire, and secure from all
coe r cion and outrage." By Article VIII., Russian
sul •j ects were to have full liberty to visit Jerusalem, and
no c ontribution or tax was to be exacted from these
pil; ;1 ims and travellers ; "but they were to be provided
wit h such passports and firmans as were given to the
sul tji cts of the other friendly Powers." By Article
X 1 T.H., Russia restored the islands of the Archipelago
to the Sublime Porte, "and the Sublime Porte on its
pm r promised to observe religiously, with respect to
the inhabitants of these islands, the amnesty stipulated
in .rticle I. ; and that the Christian religion should
not , be exposed to the least oppression any more than
its c hurches, and that no obstacle should be opposed to
the e rection or repair of them, and also that the officiat-
ing a ainister should neither be oppressed nor insulted."
kiter some intervening treaties came the treaty of
Ad ria nople in 1829, again stipulating for " perpetual
pea co between the two empires. This treaty " con-
firn Le, 1 all the treaties which had been concluded at dif-
ferent epochs between the two empires," except as there-
by as )dified. It contains no new provision on the sub-
ject o.f religion or of Russian interference, except in rela-
tion to Moldavia and Wallachia. Those provinces stand
on ; peculiar footing, and form a special case. The
Port ;a had received them back by the treaty of Kut-
sell( ttic-Kainardji upon conditions set forth in Article
XV L, one of which ran thus :—" The Porte like-
wis( t permits that, according as the circumstances of
then .e two principalities may require, the Ministers of
the imperial Court of Russia resident at Constantinople
mat r remonstrate in their favour, and promises to listen
to t bein with all the attention which is due to friendly
and respected Powers." These principalities had been
the subject of further treaties at Jassy in 1792, and at
But,Barest in 1812 ; and this treaty of Adrianople in
182 9, speaking of these provinces, states that "Russia
had . guaranteed their prosperity." The treaty of Balta.-
Lir Iran, in 1849, recognised Russia as a protecting Power
in I relation to these principalities.
1 ,n reference to the Straits, we may mention that in
the convention signed at London in 1841, by the Minis-
ters .of Russia, Austria, Great Britain, France, Prussia,
and. Turkey, after reciting " that the Five Powers had
res olv ed to comply with the invitation of the Sultan, iu
order to record in common, by a formal act, their una-
nin sons determination to conform to the ancient
rub ; of the Ottoman empire, according to which the
pas sage of the Straits of the Dardanelles and the
Bos phorus is always to be closed to foreign ships of
was so long as the Porte is at peace," the Sultan
dee) tares that he is firmly resolved to maintain that prin-
ple, "and that so long as the Porte is at peace he will
adn sit no foreign ship of war into the Straits ;" and the
five powers engage to reh:ect this his determination,
and :to conform themselves to this principle, it being
under stood that the Sultan reserved his accustomed right
to deliver firmans of passage for light vessels under flag
of was which should be employed as usual in the ser-
vice o; f the missions of foreign powers.

TILE COSSACK'S ADDRESS TO HIS
HORSE.

We have been favoured with the following
spirited translation of one of Beranger's most bril-
liant odes. Even when written, it was not. so ap-
propriate as now to the actual position of affairs:--
My noble courser of the waste, true friend to bold Cossack,
Impatient still for pillage, intrepid to attack,
Fly where the northern trumpet sounds along the Polar
heath,
Aad lend beneath thy rider's form to-day new wings to
Death.
No
,gold adorns thy saddle, no jewels deck thy rein ;
But o,old and gems enrich the foe, and valour all shall gain.
Then, weigh aloud with martial pride, my courser wild and
fleet ;
And trat uple nations in the dust, and Kings beneath thy
feet.

Peace flies the earth, and, flying, to me thy reins has flung ;
Old Europe's ramparts crumble down, her portals wide are
swung.

Pour forth before my greedy hand the wealth her vaults
enclose,
And rest thee in the classic haunts where arts e'en yet re-
pose.
Twice halt thou laved thy gory flank within the rebel
Seine ;

Retarn, return, my courser, and drink her waves again.
Then neigh, &c.,

Besieges? as in some mighty fort by subjects oft betrayed,
The king, the noble, and the priest, all cry to me for aid—
Oh ! save ;is from our people's hand, and leave us tyrants
still,
And we will bo thy slaves Cossack, the puppets of thy will;
And I have taken up my lance to do the thing they spoke,
And cross and sceptre shall go down before that lance be
broke.
Then neigh, &c.

I saw boside our bivouac a giant's shadowy form ;
Beneath his gaze the watch-fire paled, his accents hushed
the storm.
" My reign begins anew," he cried, and o'er his phantom
crest
He waved his battle-axe on high and pointed to the West.
Oh well I knew the royal Hun, the chief of deathless sway,
Thy son, 0 Attila, am I ; thy mandate I obey.
Then neigh, &c.

The glories that o'er Europe's brow their paling radiance
bend,
The learning that adorns her sons, but aids not to defend,
Engulfed within the cloud of dust that from thy hoofs is
cast,
Shall vanish blank and recordless, the present with the
past.
Efface the shrines where nations keel—efface the kingly
throne—
Laws, manners, memories, all efface—and be the wreck

our own. ...
Then, neigh aloud with martial pride, my courser wild
and fleet ;
And trample nations in the dust, and Kings beneath thy
feet.