The Sun.
London, England, 1854-10-23 00:00:00

No. 19,368,

PROBABLE FAT 13 OF SIR JOAN

PUBLICATIONS.

FRANKLIN'S PARTY.

•
MRS GREY'S NEW NOVEL.
Now ready, ft an the libraries, in 3 vols..
THE YOUNG HUSBAND.
By Mrs. G 4EY,
Author o' " The Gambler's " Mary Seaham," &c.
Burst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Ilenry Colburn, 13,
Great Marlborough-street.

The following has been received at the Admiralty :

" TO THE SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY.
"Repulse Bay, July 29, 1854.
"Sir,—l have the honour to mention, for the infor-
mation of my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty,
that, during my journey over the ice and snows this
spring, with the view of completing the survey of the
nest shore of Boothia, I met with Esquimaux in Pelly
Bay, from one of whom I learnt that a party of ' white
men' (Kabloonans) had perished from want of food some
distance to the westward, and not far beyond a large
river containing many falls and rapids. Subsequently,
further particulars were received and a number of articles
purchased, which places the fate of a portion, if not of
all, the then survivors of Sir John Franklin's long-lost
party beyond a doubt—a fate as terrible as the imagina-
tion can conceive.
" The substance of the information obtained at vari-
ous times and from various sources was as follows :
"In the spring, four winters past (spring, 1850),
a party of white men,' amounting to about forty, were
seen travelling southward over the ice, and dragging a
boat with them by some Esquimaux, who were killing
seals near the north shore of King William Land, which
is a large island. None of the party could speak the
Esquimaux language intelligibly, but by signs the na-
tives were made to understand that their ship, or ships,
had been crushed by ice, and they were now going to
where they expected to find deer to shoot. From the
appearance of the men, all of whom, except one
,fficer, looked thin, they were then supposed to be
getting short of provisions, and they purchased a
small seal from the natives. At a later date the same
season, but previous to the breaking up of the ice,
the bodies of some thirty persons were discovered on
the continent, five on an island near it, about a long
day's journey to the N.N.V. of a large stream, 'which can
be no other than Back's Great Fish River (xamed by
the Esquimaux Oot-ko-hi-ca-lik), as its descriptiOn and
that of the low shore in the neighbourhood of Point Ogle
and Montreal Island agree exactly with that of Sir G.
Back. Some of the bodies had been buried (probably
those of the first victims of famine); some were in a tent.
or tents ; others were under the heat which had been
turned over to form a shelter, and several lay scattered
about in different directions. Of these found on the
island one was supposed to have been an officer, as he
had a telescope strapped over his shoulder and his double-
barrelled gun lay underneath him.
" From the mutilated state of many of the corpses and
the contents of the kettles, it is evident that our wretched
countrymen had been driven to the last resource—can-
nibalism—as a !neaps of prolonging existence.
"There appeared to have been abundant stock of am-
munition, as the powder was emptied in a heap on the
ground by the natives, out of the kegs or cans contain-
ing it, and a quantity of ball and shot was found below
high water mark, having probably been left on the ice
close to the beach. There must have been a number of
watches, compasses, telescopes, guns (several double-
barrelled), &c., all of which appear to have been broken
up, as I saw pieces of these different articles with the
Esquimaux, and, together with some silver spoons and
forks, purchased as many as I could get. A. list of the
most important part of these I enclose, with a rough
sketch of the crests and initials on the forks and spoons.
The articles themselves shall be handed over to the secre-
tary of the Honourable Hudson's Bay Company on my
arrival in London.
" None of the Esquimaux with whom I conversed
had seen the whites,' nor had they ever been at the
place where the bodies were found, but had their infor-
mation from those who, had been there, and who had
seen the party when travelling.
" I offer no apology for taking the liberty of address-
ing you, as I do so from a belief that their lordships
would be desirous of being put in possession, at as early
a date as possible, of any tidings, however meagre and
unexpectedly obtained, regarding this painfully interest-
ing sabject.
" I may add that by means of our guns and nets, we
obtained an ample supply of provisions last autumn, and
my small party passed the winter in snow-houses in
comparative comfort, the skins of the deer shot afford-
ing abundant warm clothing and bedding. My spring
journey was a failure in consequence of an accumulation
of obstacles, several of which my former experience in
Arctic travelling had not taught me to expect.—l have,
&c., "JOHN RAE, C.F.,
"Commanding Hudson's B."q Company's
Arctic Expedition.

CRIMEA.

List of Articles purchased from tho Equimaux, said
,o have been obtained at the place where the bodies of
,he persons reported to have died of famine were found,

viz. :
"1 silver table fork—crest, an animal's head with
wings, extended above ; 3 silver table forks—crest, a
bird with wings extended ; 1 silver table
.spoon—crest,
with initials 'F. H. M. C.' (Captain Crozier, Terror) ;
1 silver table spoon and 1 fork—crest, bird with laurel
branch in mouth, motto, 'Spero meliora 1 silver table
spoon, 1 tea spoon, and 1 dessert fork—crest, a fish's
head looking upwards, with laurel branches on each
side ; 1 silver table fork—initials, H. D. S. G.
(Harry D. S. Goodsir, assistant-surgeon, Erebus) ; 1
silver table M'D.' Alexander
M'Donald, assistant-surgeon, Terror); 1 silver table fork
—initials, 'G. A. M.' (Gillies A. Macbean, second mas-
ter, Terror) ; 1 silver table fork—initials, J. T.' 1 sil-
ver dessert spoon—initials, 'J. S. P.' (John S. Peddie,
surgeon, Erebus) ; 1 round silver plate, engraved, Sir
John Franklin, K.C.B.;' a star or order, with motto,
'Nec aspera torrent, G. R. 111., MDCCCXV.
" Also a number of other articles with no marks by
which they could be recognised, but which will be
handed over with those above•named to the Secretary of
the Hon. Hudson's Bay Company,JonN RAE, C.F.
"Repulse Bay, July, 1854."

The following are extracts from Dr. Rae's journal .
" On the morning of the 20th we were met by a very
ntelligent Esquimaux, driving a dog sledge laden with
musk-ox beef. This man at once consented to accom-
pany us two days' journey, and in a few minutes had
deposited his load on the snow, and was ready to join
ns. Having explained to him my object, he said that
the road by which he had come was the best for us, and,
having lightened the men's sledges, we travelled with
more facility. We were now joined by another of the
natives, who had been absent seal-ituntiog yesterday,
but, being anxious to see us, had visited our snow-
house early this morning, and then followed up our
track. This man was very communicative, and on
putting to him the usual questions as to his having
seen white men' before, or any ships or boats, he
replied in the negative ; but said that a party of
Kabloonans' had died of starvation a long distance
to the west of where we then were, and beyond a
large river. He stated that he did not know the
exact place, that he never had been there, and that
he could not hennaaccopay us so far. The substance
of the information nd subsequently obtained from
various sources was to the following effect :
" In the spring (four owintera pa st (1850), while some
Esquimaux families were killing seals near the north
shore of a large island, named in Arrowsmith's charts
King William's Land, about forty white men were seen
travelling in company southward over the ice, and drag-
ging a boat and sledges with them. They were passing
along the west shore of the above-named island. None
of the party could speak the Esquimaux language se
well as to be understood, but by signs the natives were
led to believe that the ship or ships had been crushed
by ice, and that they were now going to where
they expected to find deer to shoot.
with Front the ap-
pearance of the men, all of whom, the excep-
tion of an officer, were hauling on the drag ropes of
the sledge, and looked thin, they were then sup-
posed to be getting short of provisions, and they
purchased a small seal, or piece of seal, from the natives.
The officer was described as being a tall, stout, middle-
aged man. When their day's journey terminated, they
pitched tents to rest in.
" At a later date the same season, but previous to
the disruption of the ice, the corpses of some thirty per-
sons and some graves were discovered on the continent,
and five dead bodies on an island near it, about a long
day's journey to the north-west of the mouth of a large
stream, which can be no other than Back's Great Fish
River (named by the Esquimaux Oet-ko-hi-ca-lik), as
its description and that of the low shore in the neigh-
bourhood of Point Ogle and Montreal island agree
exactly with that of Sir George Back. Some of the
bodies were in a tent or tents ; others were under
the boat, which had been turned oyor to forty

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shelter ; and some lay scattered about in different di-
rections. Of those seen on the island it was supposed
that one was that of an officer (chief), as he had a
telescope strapped over his shoulders, and a double-
barrelled gun lay underneath Lim. ,
" From the mutilated state of many of the bodies and
the contents of the kettles, it is evident that our wretched
countrymen had been driven to the dread alternative of
cannibalism as a means of sustaining life. A few of the
unfortunate men must have survived until the arrival of
the wildfowl (say until the end of May), as shots were
heard and fresh hones and feathers of geese were noticed
near the scene of the snd event.

"There appears to have been an abundnnt store of
ammunition, as the gunpowder was emptied by the
natives i❑ kheap on the ground out of the kegs or cases
contaiping it, and a quantity of shot and ball was found
below high-water mark, having probably been left on
the ice close to the beach before the spring commenced.
There must have been a number of telescopes, guns
(several of them double-barrelled), watches, compasses,
&c., all of which seem to have been broken up, as
I saw pieces of these different articles with the natives,
and I purchased as many as possible, together with some
silver spoons and forks, an Order of Merit in the form
of a star, and a small silver plate engraved Sir John
Franklin, /C.C.B.'

"Enclosed is a list of the principal articles bought,
with a note of the initials, and a rough pen-and-ink
sketch of the crests on the forks and spoons. The arti-
cles themselves I shall have the honour of handing over

to you on my arrival in London.
" None of the Esquimanx with whom I bad commu-
nication saw the.' white men' either whim lining or after
after death, nor had they over been at the place where
the corpses were found, but had their information from
those who had been there, and who had seen the party
when travelling on the ice.
" From what I could learn, there is no reason to sus-
pect that any violence bad been offered to the sufferers
by the natives."

THE BRITISH GENERALS IN T.H.11

Mr. Henry Stooks Smith, of Leeds, the compiler of
" The Regimental Lists of the British Army," has
just issued the following outlines of the services of
the different Generals now in command of British
troops in the Crimea. We have no doubt they will
at the present time be read with much interest by all
classes :

" Lord Raglan, G.C.8.-Cornet, 9th of June, 1804,
4th Light Dragoons ; Lieutenant, 30th of May, 1805,
4th Light Dragoons ; Captain, sth of May, 1808, 6th
garrison battalion ; appointed to 43d Regiment, 18th of
August, 1808; Brevet-Major, 9th of June, 1811 ; Brevet
Lieutenant-Colonel, 27th of April, 1812; Captain and
Lieut.-Colonel let Foot Guards, 25th of July, 1814 ;
Colonel, 28th of August, 1815; Major-General, 27th of
May, 1825 ; appointed Military Secretary to the Com-
mander-in-Chief, 29th of August, 1827 ; appointed Colo-
nel of the 53d Regiment, 19th of November, 1830 ; Lieut.-
General, 28th of June, 1338 ;. appointed Master-
General of the Ordnance, 30th of September, 1852 ; local
rank of General, 21st of February' 1854. Gold medal
for Fuentes d'Onor, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Py-
renees, Nivelle, Niro, Orthes, Toulouse ; silver medal
for Roleis, Talavera, Busaco, Ciudad Rodrigo. Served
as Military Secretary to the Duke of Wellington
throughout the Peninsular war, and also in Belgium ;
present at the capture of Oporto, pursuit of Marshal
Soult, retreat to the lines of Lisbon ; operation: in the
pursuit ,
Madrid
la
dri
d Marshal
and
t hAel arts seetta affair
Retire
; drfvf
nogf
tEhl B e odo n cap-
ture
enemy,
from
Valladolid to Burgos, siege of that castle, and various
affairs on the retreat theme to the frontiers of Portu-
gal ; action of Irun, passage of the Bidassoa ; wounded
at Busaco, and at Waterloo severely, right arm ampu-
tated.
Sir G. Brown, LC 8.,, K.C.H.-Ensign, 23d of
January, 1806, 43d Regiment; Lieutenant, 18th of Sep-
tember, 1806, 43d Regiment ; Captain, 20th of June,
1811, 3d garrison battalion ; appointed to the- 85th
Regiment, 2d of July, 1812 ; Major, 16th of May, 1814,
85th Regiment ; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, 29th of
September, 1814 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, 17th of July.
1823, unattached ; exchanged to Rifie Brigade, sth of
Febivary, 1824; Colonel, 6th of May, 1831 ; Major-
General, 23d of November, IS4I ; appointed Deputy
Adjutant-General, same day ; Adjutant-General, Bth of
April, 1850 ; appointed Colonel of the 77th Regiment,
11th of April, 1851 ; Lieutenant-General, 11th of No-
vember, 1851 ; resigned the office of Adjutant-General,
12th of December, 1853. Silver medal for Vimiera.
Talavera, Busaco, Fuentes d'Onor, St. Sebastian,
Nivelle, Nive. Present at the siege and capture of Co-
penhagen, 1807 ; served in the Peninsula from August
1808 to July, 1811, and again from July, 1813, to May,
1814 ; present at the passage of the DJuro and capture
Tofaof.pyoerrato: ;aseetivoenreelyf
thweolu,ndigied through
ltDivfsionatleoththe thhriedhase at
of
Almeida ; action at Sebugal, and investment of Ba-
yonnein
the ;
head,
c x p
aintido nv
etroy
severely America,
fln3tlh4e, slightlygr o
groin
at woundedßladens-
burg ; present at the capture of Washiegton.
" His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, 8.G.,
-Colonel, 3d of November, 1837 ; appointed Colonel of
the 17th Lancers, 25th of Aprii, 1342 ; Major-General,
7th of May, 1845 ; appointed Colonel of the Scots Fusi-
lier Guards, 23d of September, 1852 ; Lieutenant-
General, 19th of June, 1854.
" Sir De Lacy Evans, K.C.E.,-Ensign, let of Fe-
bruary, 1807, 22d Foot ; Lieutenant, Ist of December,
1808, 22d Foot ; appointed to the 341 Light Dragoons.
26th of March, 1812 ; Captain; 12th ofJasuary, 1815,
sth West Indian Regiment ; Brevet-Major, 11th of May,
1815 ;
o Amp arni
l, Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel,delr-sin44.C,huineaf.f the
placed on half-pay of the regiment, 25th of April, 1817 ;
iii
Sma
appointedpajionr, Jutnh of
Cme, 1835 ; Colonel, 10th of January, 1837 ;
9th of November, 1846 ; L e uttt oa ma ahed ;
nG t Britishel ni eajr;,. Ge
g2eionotenh of
June, 1854 ; silver medal for Vittoria, Pyrenees, Tou-
louse ; medal for Waterloo. Served in India from 1307
to 1810, and was present in the operations against Ameei
Khan and the Pindarries ; capture of the Mauritius ;
served in the Peninsnla in 1812 to 1814, present during
part of the retreat from Burgos, wounded in the action
on the Homaza ; investment of Pempeluna, had his
horse shot under hiin during the investment of Bayonne;
actions at Vic Bigerre and Tarbes ; horse shot under
him at Toulouse ; served in the expedition to America
as Deputy-Assistant Quarter-Master General ; bad two
horses shot at the battle of Bladensburg ; present at the
capture of Washington ; attack on Baltimore ; twice
severely wounded before New Orleans-namely, on the
25th of December, 1814, and 7th of January, 1815 ;
served during the campaign in Belgium in 1815, as As-
sistant Quarter-Master General, and had one horse shot
and,,
Lieutenant-Generalsainreßthirb
asradbErendgi
nl
England,
ntt
fdle,K Waterloo.c.Nationalß. ,•
Armyholds
oft the
Spain, rank a
and
foreorf e
Fshneiebserservices
February,
St.
11,8
(it,
snetahnFerdinand
Britishonno td Legion;CLh
niful received the grand
1809, 14th Foot ; Captain, 11th of July, tenant,l67: fnl,j62uosnttehh,
Regiment ; appointed to 12th Foot, let of January,
1812 ; exchanged to 23d Fusiliers, 26th of August,
1819 ; Major, 4th of September, 1823, 49th Regiment,
exchanged backto to 23d Fusiliers, 2d of October, 1823 ;
Lieutenant-Colonel, 29th of October, 1825, unattached ;
exchanged
75th Regiment, 6th of July, 1826; ap-
pointed to 4th Foot, 7th of July, 1837 ; appointed to
41st Regiment, 10th of July, 1837 ; Colonel, 28th of
January, 1838 ; exchanged to half-pay unattached, 22d
of July, 1845 ; Major-General, 11th of November, 1851;
local rank of Lieutenant-General, 18th of August, 1854.
(Medal from Candahar.) Walcheron expedition 1809,
present at the siege of Flushing ; served on the staff in
Sicily in 1810 ; Caffre war of 1835 and 1836 ; in Scinde
and Affghanistan in 1841 and 1342.
" The lion. George Cathcart, K.C.8.-Cornet, the
22galac5phe4p8rttplaphsi
n9loo;giioon;neffattdAepeDMiddptaiojattc:oy:inelr,s:7Bel7lfbdttt:4Behphtrlaeo,Oy,7Bl
ttB2idBoH:LutiAlfs
half-pay
piafrr. Guards ; Lieutenant, the
Ist of July, 1811, 6th Dragoon Guards
,N6vt
16th of
2soCtafalßDpnteedagefi
aienmm,
Rebtnahetnre,-;
April, 1826,
61
Li eut en ant-Col o n el, the 13the t2o
hfo
etAht2lha4oeytff,2lt%
March,
January.
n,uusnalearBpty2tt
.eaBmlc
;hBbee2edxBr
Foot,Regiment,
unattached, t the
1835 ; appointed to a particular service in Canada, let
of January, 1838 ; appointed to let Dragoon Guards,
the 11th of May, 1838; Colonel, the 23d of November,
1841 ; exchanged to half-pay unattached, the 19th of
January, 1841 ; appointed Deputy-Lieutenant of the
Tower of London, the 13th of February, 1846 ; Major-
General, the 11th of November, 1851 ; appointed Go-
verner and Commander-in-Chief at the Cape, 1852.
Served in the campaigns of 1813 and 1814, in Germany,
as Aide-de-Camp to Lord Cathcart, and was engaged at
Lutzen, the 3d of May ; Bautzen, the 20th and 21st of
May ; Dresden, the 23d of August ; Leipsie, t • 16th,
18th, and 19th of October, 1813 ; Brieone, the let of
February ; Bar stir Aube, Arois, 21st of March, and
Fere Cnanupenoise, 25th of March, 1814 ; served also
in the campaigns of 1815 as Aide-de-Camp to the Duke
of Wellington, and was present at the battles of Quatre
Bras and Waterloo ; at the Cape from 1852 to the end of
the war.
"Earl of Lucan.-.Ensign, 29th of August, 1816, 6th ;
Foot Lieutenant, 24th December, 1818, half-pay of 3d
Foot Guards ; exchanged to Bth Foot, 20th of January,
1820 ; Captain, 16th May, 1822, half-pay of 74th Regi-
ment ; exchanged to let Life Guards, 20th of June,
1822 ; Major, 23d of June, 1825, unattached ; ex-
changed to 17th Lancers, let of Dec., 1825 ; Lieut.-
Colonel, 9th of Nov., 1826, 17th Lancers ; exchanged
to half-pay unattached, 14th of April, 1837 ; Colonel,
23d of Nov., 1841 ; Major-General, 11th of Nov., 1851;
local rank of Lieut.-General, 18th of Aug., 1854.
" Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.8.-Ensign, 26th of May,
1809, 9th Foot; Lieutenant, 28th of June, 1809, 9th
Foot ; Captain, 9th of Nov., 1813, 60th Regiment • ap-
pointed to the 21st Fusiliers, 26th of Nov., 1818; Major,
26th of N0v.,1825, 21st Fusiliers; Liout!•Colonel, 20th

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1854.

~' ~- ~.~

of Oct., 1832, unattached ; appointed to the 9th Foot,
Bth of May, 1835 ; exchanged to 98th Regiment, 19th
•of June, 1835 ; Colonel, 23d of Dec., 1842 ; retired on
half-pay, unattached, let of April, 1853; temporary rank
of Brigadier-General, 21st of Feb., 1854 ; Major-Gene-
ral, 20th of June, 1854. (Silver medal for Vimiera,
Corunna, Barossa, Vittoria, St. Sebastian ; medal for
China ; medal for the Punjab.) Expedition to Portu-
gal, 1808 ; Walcheren expedition, 1809 ; served in. tho
Peninsula from Dec., 1809, to Jan., 1814, including the
defence of Tarifa, expedition for the relief of Tarragona,
affairs of posts in the valley of Malaga, affair at Osina ;
received two severe wounds at St. Sebastian, where he
led the storming party; severely wounded at the Bidas-
soa ; commanded the 98th Regiment at the assault and
capture of Chin-Kiang-Foo ; served in the Punjab, and
was present at the battle of Goojerat."

HEAVY GALES ON THE NORTH-EAST

COAST.

In the course of Saturday and the previous day a
very }pug list of casualties, resulting from the fearful
gales which have been sweeping the northern and eastern
coasts during the week, was received at Lloyd's. Life
and property appeared to have suffered considerably ;
and it is feared that the full extent of the havoc is yet to
be learned. On Thursday the wind raged in some
places with the fury of a hurricane—first from the north-
west and then from the south-west.
The Lincolnshire coast was the scene of much distress.
Numerous coasters, which were beating their way
northward, were caught in the storm and cast on the
beach. In the vicinity of Grimsby an entire fleet was
served in this way.
To the northward of the Humber as ♦iolent weather
was experienced. The gale blew more heavily from the
N.N.E., and many light coasters were blown from
their anchors.
About the Norfolk coast the weather was very bad.
The Yarmouth and Hull steamer Bold Buccleuch en-
countered the full fury of the gale in making for the
Humber, and after sustaining some damage was com-
pelled to run for shelter into Lyn. She had a narrow
escape.
In the vicinity of the Downs the gale raged very strong.
The shipping on the western coast had most trying work.
A French schooner, called the Jeanne Clementine, of
Bordeaux, parted from her anchors on Wednesday night,
and went upon the rocks near Combartin, and became a
wreck. The crew were saved. Off Dinas Head a
schooner was seen to founder during the gale. A piece
of wreck, with Aberystwith painted thereon, has been
picked up.
The accounts from Scotland speak of the gales having
been very destructive amongst the shipping at the seve-
ral ports.

SHIPWRECKS IN THE MERSEY AND ON THE WELSH
COAST.—On Thursday night the gal. which had blown
on Wednesday again set in with much violence, blowing
very strongly during the whole night. Amongst the
wrecks it appears that about half-past seven o'clock on
Friday morning, whilst the storm was raging with much
fury, the brig Enterprise, of Exeter, bound from Teign-
mouth to Liverpool, with a cargo of clay, ran aground
on West Hoyle Bank, situate near the mouth of the
Mersey, between Bootle and Crosby.
GRIMSET.—Within a space of seven miles, viz., from
Great Grimsby to Sandhale, on the north-east point of
Lincolnshire, nineteen vessels are on shore, chiefly
colliers.
WITHEENSEA.—On Tuesday, a vessel was observed in
a helpless condition under the storm, which threatened
every moment to dash her against the cliffs.

A THEATRICAL TRIAL IN PARIS.-
MADLLE. RACHEL DEFENDAAT.

[PRICB SD.

LORD JOSH RUSSELL AND SIR HAMIL-

TON SEYMOUR AT BEDFORD.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOIREE.
The members of the Bedford Literary and Scientific
Society celebrated their anniversary by a public soiree
at the Bedford Rooms. on the evening of Thursday last.
The previous demonstrations have generally excited
some interest beyond the immediate neighbourhood of
Bedford, but upon this occasion, when it was ascertained
that there was a probability of the fleeting being hon-
oured by the attendance of Lord John Russell, there
was a great demand for admission tickets. The doors
were opened at 5 o'clock, and in about half an hour
afterwards the room was filled. At 6 o'clock the Duchess
of Bedford, Lord John Russell, and a party from Wo-
burn Abbey arrived, and were received by the Mayor
and the committee. Shortly afterwards the distin-
guished visitors were conducted to the room, and the
whole assembly rose and welcomed them with rounds of
cheers. " Rule Britannia" was thou performed by the
Septet Society, whilst the company took their seats.
The chair was occupied by William Bloyer, E-q., mayor,
the president of the society. On the platform were
Lord Chas. J. F. Russell, Baron Parke, Sir Hamilton
Seymour, M.P., the Hon. C. C. Cavendish, M.P., Hast-
ings Russell, Esq., M.P., S. Whitbread, Esq., M.P.,
Sir David Dundas, Sir C. G. Payne, Samuel C. Whit-
bread, Esq., T. C. Higgins, Esq., chairman of the quar-
ter sessions ; T. B. Burchaen, Esq., recorder for the
borimoh : the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, Colonel Higgins,
T. J. Green, Esq., Thomas Barnard, Esq., and the vice-
presidents and committee of the institution.
The Mavost, in opening the" proceedings of the even-
ing, said the society was established for the purpose of
opening a suitable room where the resident young men
of the toms could assemble to read the periodicals and
newspapers, to hear lectures, read papers, and have dis-
cussions.; for the formation of classes to study in the
different departments of kilowledge, to practise in music,
play at chess, and ether similar purposes ; also to form a
library of kooks for the members to read at their homes.
It is to the credit of the young men that the institution
was originally formed by some of their party, although
others have since joined and availed themselves of its
advantages. The society was much indebted to several
gentlemen of the town and neighbourhood who had de-
livered lectures from time to time, and they were also
indebted to the Society of Arts for having sent down
able lecturers from London. The society was still in
its youth, and required the further continuance and
support of the public. The present was not the birth-
day of the institution, but the committee determined cele-
brating it at this time, in the hope that they might be
favoured with the presence of a distinguished nobleman
who was on a visit at the seat of his ancestors—he need
scarcely say that he alluded to Lord John Russell. He
believed societies like that of Bedford were oalculated to
do much good, as they allowed young men who had not
opportunities in early youth of disciplining the mind to
obtain knowledge of a useful, substantial kind, promoted
the moral habits of young men, raised them in the scale
of society, made them better subjects of the Queen, and
enabled them to beoome useful members of society.
(Applause )
Mr. Coo Mas, the secretary, read the report detailing
the progress of the institution.
The HIGH SHERIFF moved--" That it appears to this
meeting that the principles of the Bedford Literary and
Scientific Institution, and the manifest good accomplished
by it, render it worthy of the support of all friends of
popular education."
The RECORDER of Bedford seconded the resolution.
Lord J. RUSSELL moved the next resolution. He
said—Ladies and Gentlemen,—Although the Mayor has
adverted to the intervals of rest which I may have from
the labours which belong to a public man in the state and
to the office which I have the honour to hold, yet I can
assure you not only should I be happy to part with some
of that interval of relaxation under such circumstances,
but I should be glad if, in meeting a society like this, I
could forget one feeling of anxiety. We are now influ-
enced by those mingled feelings of joy for our success, of
sorrow for our loss of those brave men who were the
pride of the nation and of humanity, who have bowed to
the Almighty disposer of events, and whose removal has
awakened emotions in the bosoms of the highest to the
lowest, and deeply concerned us all. (Applause.) With
regard to the society which I have now the happiness to
attend, I think I could hardly render you any service
by speaking of the general merits of such societies as
these and of the advantages they have been extending
throughout the kingdom ; their benefits have been gene-
rally acknowledged, and you yourselves have for eight
years exercised the advantages of those facilities of
knowledge, of those means,of communication they afford,
and especially the young men who have not yet haul up
those stores of information which belong to the business
of life, and which so greatly tend to success in every
pursuit. Societies like that which I now address are
invaluable. For my own.part, accustomed to look at
subjects with the view generally of ascertaining their
bearing to the political interest of the country, I must
beg leave to c snsider that societies which bring men to-
4ether to study, which teach them the lessons of history,
which enrich their mainds with poetry, which encourage
them to unfold the depths of science, must tend to unite
the wholb community together, and give additional firm-
ness anf strength to the institutions of the conetry. It
is very desirable for the purpose of study, for the. pur-
pose even of writing, that men should have all those
means, all those advantages, which libraries and read•
ieg-rooms are calculated to confer, but such advan-
tages are of modern growth. We know very well—
although I am not aware of the precise spot—but it was
met far from this site where we are now assembled, that
an immortal work was written under circumstances of pri-
vation and in a prison. We may contrast with joy the
blessings that are now surrounding us, and think with
happiness that the oppression and persecution of those
days aro no longer practised, that we have full freedom
of thought and expression. There is a great contrast
in this respect as between the tyrannical tribunals of those
days and those presided over by the learned and amiable
judge who has honoured us with his presence. Per-
haps, as it would be superfluous in me to expatiate on
the benefits of such institutions, you will allow me to
give a subject or a theme for your inquiries, fur your
readings, and for your meditation. I have said that
political subjects and political researches naturally oc-
eupy my attention, and I have often considered a sub-
ject which is of great interest, and which I will submit
for reflection. It is this—that in the history of the
world we find many examples of States that have
flourished, and have risen to great power, and having
attained to their culminating point afterwards decay,
and finally disappear as nations. There have been many
causes assigned fur this rise and fall ; but the common
delusion is that as so many nations of ancient times have
gone through these changes, all States must go through
similar periods of prosperity and decay. That this is a
common theory and common supposition, I need not go
far to prove ; for an admirable writer' whose friendshipl
have the good fortune to enjoy, who invests with the
rich treasures of his fancy whatever he undertakes, de-
scribes a New Zealander standing on a broken arch of
London Bridge sketching the ruins of St. Paul's. Now,
I never could contemplate that picture with comfort.
(Laughter.) It is a very disagreeable subject, and I
want to know' what necessity there was for making
such a prophecy. (" Hear," and laughter.) If I
were to investigate that subject, I should engage you
the greater part of tho night; but I would suggest
certain topics to follow out at your leisure, some
of the most fitting subjects for lectures, in con-
nexion with the rise and fall of States. Many States
have fallen because they were too small to contend
against their more powerful neighbours ; because it is
obvious when surrounding states have 100,000 or
200,000 men under military discipline that the smaller
ones with ten to twenty thousand will fall under the su-
perior force of the other. We have the case of Athens
and the case of Florence. Then I might allude to the
great state of Germany and the smaller one of Portugal.
I need scarcely allude to England, because this country
is large enough and strong enough to maintain itself for
ages to come. (Applause.) But there is another Retiree
of decline, and which is celebrated. in aline of the Roman
Satirist as the immediate cause and fall of the Roman
empire, which, after stretching its armies into almost
every part of the world, fell from the effects of luxury.
Well, we in modern days carry luxury to a greater ex-
tent than ever it was carried before. Many enjoyments
are within the reach of most of us, and we indulge in far
greater luxuries than were possessed by the ancient
world, yet we have no sign that men thereby become in-
dolent, on the contrary, we have seen that men having
every means at cominand,'when called upon to perform
their duty to their country have not shrunk from en-
countering the greatest hardship, though previously sur-
rounded by and living in the midst of the most refined
luxuries. We do not perceive that the position of her
Majesty's household brigade, where it may be readily
imagined luxury prevails to a considerable extent, has at
all unfitted those soldiers to contend against a
enemy. It does not by any means follow that our soldiers
are net able to overcome every obstacle opposedhteo cou-
rage powerful
rage and determination because they are not in
pi lit
0
con-
dition of that iron chief who kicked .a way the pillow f
snow from under the head of his son, saying that was
toe luxurious a bed for any chief to indulge an.
(Cheers.) I think, therefore, that mere luxury, unless
has not that
the nation itself
disirefeetebltee,
nudnelnecsys itt,
to
aesffleoestt itsite
rspirit,uin.
' But there are other causes which it behoves us to con-
' sider, which have occasioned the decline of nations,
There have been despotic institutions, where men have
been forbidden to investigate subjects of science, or dis-
cuss any improvement in art—where they have been
forbidden, under penalty of fire, from holding any reli-
gious opinion different from that of the State. Where
a: alhwuea ass
eyp. always
theyob pel people that despotism has existed—where that persecution has
prevailed, the nation has withered under the influence.
(Louddanger
an State
g e
appreciatingrw ati
will
Wherena.sof t
attbhhlsi
ecsu c;
liberty
such
bbonuuedprtnrt,
wltlyrnhyscooai
ropy
nlviteti hsoi
thatoueurl
deg prevail,oari
account,
bet nho
anyexpression
consideration w hieh they
surrender enjny, lintotaunnddoerf
that liberty to any power
whatever. (Applause.) Well, no doubt there are other
causes to show why nations pass from one phase to an-
other—from prosperity to decay—which may be meet
Hollandsubjects f
found o r yo your i
n tmheedliatsatticoenn. N
fortis made ifriz last century,
ry,attihoan have
that the
thegenfoeurnnude,
eafs..
_ _

On Saturday morning, writes our Paris correspon
deist, the civil tribunal of the Seine gave judgment in
an action brought by M. Legouv6, the dramatic author,
against Madlle. Rachel, for having refused to play in a
new tragedy written by him, entithd Medde. The trial,
as might be expected, excited extraordinary interest.
It was stated by M. Mathieu, the counsel for the
plaintiff, that M. Legouv6 became; acquainted with
Aidlle. Rachel in 1848, in consequence of. her playing
Adrienne Lecourreur ; a piece written by him, jointly
with M. Scribe, and she subsequently performed in a
piece called Louise de Lignerolles, which also was partly
written by him. She subsequently get him to pro-
mise to write a piece for her for 1852, and in Janu-
ary, 1852, wrote to him to remind him of his pro.
miss. He resolved to write a piece on the subject o
Med6e, and, though it was an old tale, he thought he
could render it interesting. As Mdlle. Rachel had ex
pressed a wish that her part in the tragedy should be a
short ono, he made it of only three acts instead of five.
In August, 1852, the tragedy was terminated, and, being
read to her, she approved highly of it. It was then
presented to the reading committee of the Theatre Fran-
cais*, and was accepted, on condition that the third act
should be improved. M. Legouvd thereupon re-wrote
the third act, and he read the piece to Madlle. Rachel
in presence of M. Jules Janin and other eminent literary
men. Mdlle. Rachel on that occasion complimented
him warmly upon it, and predicted that she would ob•
tain great success in it. The tragedy was again pre-
sented to the reading committee of the theatre, and was
received with acclamation. The parts were then distri-
buted by Rachel herself ; this was in September, 1853
But some delay occurred in the rehearsals, and Rachel
wrote to say that it was owing to her having been ill.
Subsequently she requested that the bringing out of the
piece might be postponed until her return from Russia,
where an engagement had been offered her. He con-
sented, though with reluctance, and she assured Ma
that she would play in the tragedy immediately on hex
return • she even added that if he should bring out the
piece during bevlbsence, she would still play the prin-
cipal character on her return ; adding, in playfully
figurative language, that she hoped to find Medd(' in a
virgin state, but would consent to receive her from the
arms of any predecessor. On arriving from Russia, it
turned out that she had been offered not lees than
1,200,000 f. for a year's engagement in America, and
that she had determined on resigning her post at the
Theatre Francais in order to accept it. She thereupon
determined not to play in Medee. M. Legouv6 de-
manded an interview with her in order to remonstrate,
but she wrote to him under date of the 17th March,
1854: "My resignation is quite serious; I have
therefore only six months more to give to the
Theatre Francais. I am anxious to play all my
classic rbpertoire, and I should not have the time
to do so, if I were to undertake the creation of a
new part. I will confess to you that lam not at all
anxious to create a part now that I am about to leave
the French stage. Persuaded that the press would not
support me, fear would paralyse my powers, and it is not
at the end of my career in the Rue Richelieu that I could
wish to risk seventeen years' success at Paris. Believe,
however, dear M. Legouvd, that it causes me great pain
to abandon the performance of your Medee." In pre-
sence of this refusal, M. Legouv6, on the 30th March,
sent her a formal summons to play in the tragedy, and
as she took no notice of it, he commenced legal pro-
ceedings. She then wrote to him a very friendly letter
to say that she was obliged to go to the Pyrenees to see
her sister Rebecca, who was extremely ill, to take there
one of her children who was very ill also, and to obtain
repose for herself, of which she stood in great need
She complained that he should hare commenced pro-
ceedings instead of going to see her, and she declared
that if he continued them she would certainly not con-
sent to play in the tragedy by order of justice, for that,
if it should fail, all the blame would be cast on 'her,
as it would be said she had murdered it from
vengeance. She represented that, as her engage-
ment was about to expire, she could not do justice to
the tragedy. But she ended by giving a promise that on
condition that law proceedings were dropped, she would
play the piece, and would begin studying it seriously on
her return. M. Legouvd waited, and after a few weeks
Rachel returned to Paris. But she did not begin study-
ing the part, and when he reminded her of her pro-
mise, she said that the was harassed by domestic afflic-
tions. He represented to her in very courteous terms
that that was not a sufficient reason for
theneglectiong hs
play, but he produced no effect. At length,
20th September, she made a female friend of hers write
to him that she could not perform the tragedy, as she
was "determined never to play a part in a modern
tragedy, as the old classical tragedy contained more
parts than she could ever play." In this letter of the
friend was one written by Rachel herself to the friend,
and in it she said, "I cannot decidedly perform Medde;
it is in vain that I have endeavoured to study it. I have,
however, learned all the first act, but the part does not
suit me; it is,. in fact, impossible for me to hope for a suc-
cess ,in this almost odious character, and which besides
is too much known to alive the public, even by terror."
She, however, charged her friend to beg of M. Legouv6
not to reproach her, and to confess to him that she felt
herself in the wrong.
la. Chaix d'Est Ange, for Mademoiselle Rachel, con•
tended that she had never absolutely engaged to play the
character, and that all the expressions of approbation of
the part attributed to her by the witnesses were mere
phrases of ordinary courtesy towards an author. Hs
affirmed that she had honestly endeavoured to reconcile
herself to a revolting part, but at last, being persuaded
in her judgment that it was not suited to her genius, she
felt compelled, in justice to her own reputation, to
renounce it. He warmly reproached M. Legouvd for
going to law to force a great artiste to be a mere speak-
ing machine.
'rhe culla, however, thought Madlle. Rachel wholly
without any ground of defence ; she had clearly con-
tracted with M. Legouv6 to play Medee, and the con-
tract is recognised by law. Mademoiselle Rachel was
therefore decreed to play the part at the Francais forth-
with, and in default to pay 200 f. for every day's delay
for the apace of two months. At the end of that time if
she still refuses she must pay 40,000 f. for damages. The
costs of the suit will fall upon her.

LORD ERROLL.

THE FEOM ELECTION.—At the nomination on &Aut.-
day, the show of hands was ruled to be in favour of Mr.
Donald Nicoll, when a poll was demanded on the pact
of Lord Dungarven. The polling will take place this
day.

. . cl"
1/:// - •
ence of those Silo railked in the scale of nations have
itt
, been dirippointed andlig circumstances arising out of
• I. that period are weighty and proper subjects for the con-
-
sideration of those entrusted with the financial adminis-
t•d straon of a. nation : this matter, however, has an imme-
Al--yrilii'" '„ '
A fix. dia.* politest bearing, and I will not further allude to
it. There is another cause which greatly tended to the
decay of ancient nations, which introduced many crimes,
caused a weakening of the manly character, and a falling
off of the fortitude and industry which distinguished the
early period of history. There was the institution of
slavery—that institution which led the Romans to neglect
the true interests of the empire resulting in crime,
which led them to leave the cultivation of the land to
slaves—those lands which at an earlier period received
cultivation from the bands of freemen. But happily
those changes are not felt by this country ; so far as our
dominions are concerned we have got rid of that
curse. In an early period we find that the church
spoke out strongly against the maintenance of slavery ;
and at a later period we have practically improved upon
it, and those who carry on occupations of various kinds,
whether agricultural, commercial, or manufacturing in
our dominions, are free from the curse of personal sla-
very. (Applause.) We have, therefore, a recognition
ofotnlsiodseivimutualied themselves io
b nasnudpwonhicwhl,nacsh
mthaeyabnecile)noitntnead-
ti
out in the history of rations, cannot affect our personal
obligations
ia•
,
from
d
safety. (Applause ) There are also other sources of
the consequence of political events,
the calamities of war, from struggles long continued,
from other objects of national interest, and other mo •
tives the effect of which no person can perceive, and
upon which no man would ever be entitled to your con-
fidence, or the confidence of a nation if lie pretended to
prophesy. These are subjects connected with the
future, the knowledge of which is not given to man.
Events may come to pass and contradict and overrule
all his anticipations, but upon that subject you and your
successors have a duty to perform as well as, hopes to
realise. It behoves you to maintain the liberty of this
country—(applause)— and my belief is, that by culti-
vating your minds, by extending as much as possible,
your researches, whether in science, whether in litera-
ture, you will contribute to that end, you will strengthen
the religious and political institutions of the country.
(Applause.) You will find that the more young men
persevere in. their studies, the more will they be in-
fluenced in their stedfastness to adhere to the institu-
tions of their:own country, for nothing is more likely to
lead them in the path which is most conducive to their
temporal and eternal happiness. With regard to political
institutions, you have those which by temperate adjust-
ment enable all persons to act in harmony together,
which gives scope neither to the wild demagogue, nor to
the military dictator. (Applause.) Your religious insti-
tutions leave entire freedom to the conscience. Allow
me to refer you to a trifling circumstance, which may
not be uninteresting to my hearers. I remember meet-
ing with a gentleman who had long resided in Portugal.
He Laid when he was a young man be sojourned in that
country for some time ; persecution was then carried on
to a great height, and no man was safe if he expressed
an opinion on matters unsanctioned by the government.
On one occasion, when in the company of several others
he began to give free expression to his thoughts. In the
course of the night he was visited by a person in a certain
garb, was taken from the company, and is the morning
found himself lodged in prison. He was conveyed from
his place of confinement and soon afterwards found him-
self in the presence of his own uncle, who, it appeared,
bad taken the precaution to have Lis nephew confined
lest he might, by giving a too free expression to his
opinions, get into trouble. (Laughter.) It is that spirit
from which we, thank God, are free : it is that spirit of
persecution which, however some may attempt to deny
it, is still prevailing in some other nations, and where it
prevails there must always be the most serious evils.
Nothing but the most complete freedom will guard a na-
tion against these. It is not enough to say that such
opinions are very erroneous and must be forbidden be-
cause they are so mischievous. The only true freedom
is that which is complete and universal. (Loud applause.)
Mere grumblers are not to be feared by any administra-
tion. While it is mere thought, or finds utterance only
by the tongue, depend upon it that the only course is
to allow the freest expression of opinion the most erro-
neous, for such is the force of truth that it will triumph
in the end. (Loud applause.) His lordship concluded
by moving' the following resolution :—" That Literal,'
and Scientific and Mechanics' Institutions have greatly
tended to the benefit of the people in this country, by
cultivating their minds, refining their tastes, and im-
. proving their social habits."
Mr. T. C. IltecaNs seconded the resolution.
Sir HAMILTON SevAroun, having been introduced to
the company by the Mayor, was received with loud and
continued cheers. •He said this manifestation of kind-
ness to a stranger almost overpowered him, and it was
very difficult to find words to express the feelings with
which he was influenced. Naturally, when a stranger
preeents himself before an audience, the first thing he
attempts is to get their sympathy in his behalf. He did
not know how he merited the reception which had been
given to him, but supposed the immediate cause of it
was because he was a guest at a house which bad for
generations been associated with noble actions and great
talents, and for years had been nearly connected with
another house immediately connected with this town—
the house of Whitbread. (Applause.) In these times
there was no difficulty in selecting a subject upon which
to ground a few remarks, for all hearts sympathised in
the same subject, and if they could, by the use of4any
Powerful instrument or telescope, penetrate the bosoms
of the people, they would find the words, " The Crimea
and Sebastopol." This country was now engaged in a
war of more consequence than had occurred during the
last fifty years . the wars of Napoleon were not equal
to it. The whole face of Europe may be changed by the
events that were now passing. (Applause.) lie had
been asked if the results obtained were at all in propor-
tion to the exertion that had been made. He answered
that they - were. What has been effected is of the
greatest importance. He would riot speak of the imme-
diate results, the check upon commerce would not prove
fatal to this country ; but the most important achieve-
ment is the check which has been given to the growth
of the Russian power, and the great moral change which
must now take place in European affairs. (Applause.)
Ile would take the case of the Emperor of Russia -him-
self, who had been weighed in the scales and found
wanting—(applause)—unworthy of that proud pre-
eminence which be had once enjoyed in the councils of
Europe, but to which no human power can restore him.
(Loud applause.) The states of Germany were now de-
livered from an oppressive power, and would share in
the general advantages of Europe. (Applause.) He
then alluded to the union of England and France. The
battle of Waterloo had left a festering sore which no
diplomatic poulticing could have cured ; but the circum-
stances that have taken place within the last two years
have effected a cordial union between the two countries,
which he hoped would be of long continuance. (Loud
applause.) The war was a just one on the part of the
allies—religion had cothing to do with the question, and
it was the general wish of this country that justice should
be done to the oppressed ; and how could this be better
done than by the two countries who stood at the head of
European civilisation. When they knew to what extent
persecution was carried on in same other countries, they
had cause to thank God that they lived in a country
blessed with free institutions. (Applause.) He hoped
the next time he came to Bedford he would not be con-
sidered a stranger, and as a growing library was attached
to the Literary and Scientific Institution, perhaps the
members would allow him to send a few books. (Ap-

lance. )
Lord CHARLES Ilusssr.r. moved a Tote of thanks to the
committee of the institution.
Sir C. G. PAYNE briefly seconded the resolution, and
after some other complimentary resolutions the assembly
broke up.

The following letter to the Countess Dowager of
Erroll from the Countess of Erroll has been for-
warded to us for publication :
. " Hotel d'Angleterre, Therapia, Oct. 5.
" My dearest Mother,—We are here established in a
charming hotel on the Bosphorus, the room in which I
am writing boasting of six windows, from ,which
we have lovely views in all directions, and m
e_raore
just far enough from Buyukdsre to be shut out from
my my bete noire—the Black Sea. We hope
totain, as
for England on the lath, but are still u
undertaking
will be sufficiently healed to allow of hie undertaking
He suffers
it is impossible to tell whether Erroll's mutnielaetred hand
such a journey as that by Marseillesasto
however, nothing
quite thin and pale in conseqhueenwc
ou.nd, and when he
dreadfully at times, and especially e ,
can be going on better than tsuffer
so poignantly ; but
night,s and looks
is kept quiet he does not
33),
I scarcely knew what
the night we arrived
comfortip to us being so near our
Pandas have been most
Napier. Lady Stratford
_(thteained so much. It is the
a s washes
one the
tdoeadrocownsiitrilig,hiLs
Lord and
d Lady.
taste fo
t imagine a lovely
more place
kind us.
greatetostpossyibolus
caneu?
ErnilyTh Bosphorus
door of this hotel. We are going to-
shore close to the.
day to glide over its bosom in one of those pretty calques
nytcholgu.rage The
that seem ma e
this r easew
na-
turally uquires in country. .
.
~ Lord Raglan has been most kind to us ever since we
dfoernanedeilnifivael andidd tthLoaaned
have been with the army, and we much regret the im-
perative necessity of leaving him ; and, when I saw him
after the battle, he said, 'Thank God it is no worse with
your husband, and he permitted us to.aceept the hospi-
tality of his kind friend Capt. Derriman, and to remain
on board the Caradoc for 10 days after the battle. lam
now able to attend to his wound myself. There Was a
medical board held upon him yesterday, which decided
that, as the wound could net be sufficiently heitled to
enable him to do duty for the next two menthe, it would
be useless his remaining here ; consequently, they re-
commended his going home on sick leave." .

iTitialege,baindseratcecdouonntsfrom Oportovi- of the recent
Thursday, are exceeded by those
from Bordeaux. In the principal vintages of that
district the contrast with the production of former years
is deplorable. Thus, it is stated, the Chateau Margaux
has i
y elded o4ly 20 tuns, the average of ordinary years
being 120 ; Chateau Lafitte has yielded 25 tuns, against
an average of 140 ; Chateau Latour, 14 against an ave-
rage of 90 • Chateau Larose, 19 against 135; and the
various other deem iptions in like, or even worse propor-
tions. The total return shows less than 200 tuns, while
the usual production is about 1,900.
The arrivals of specie thia week have again' been large
and numerous,. and have amounted to 000,000/., of
which 560,0001. is from Australia. Notwithetanding
the unsatisfactory nature of the Bank returns, the total
received during the last three weeks has been little short
of 3,000,0001.. The exports this week haire been com-
paratively sinall,•and are•eetimated not to ban oiceeded
200,0001.