The Sun.
London, England, 1853-08-20 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 20, 1853.

AUSTRALIA ! GLENFIELD PATENT
STARCH, Scotch LOZENGES and COMFITS, JELLIES
and JAMS, made and packed expressly for exportation. These
goods have always commanded a large sale in the colony.
Samples and prices may be obtained at the Wholesale Depot, 66,
Queen-street, CheaPside•
WOTHERSPOON, MACKAY, & Co.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-.
CHEAP EXCURSION to BATH and BRISTOL.
On SUNDAY, August 21st, an Excursion Train will leave Pad-
dington at 7.45 a.m., for Bath and Bristol, returning the same even-
ing from Bristol at 6.30 p.m., and from Bath at 7.0 pin.
Fares There and Back.
Bath .• • • ....First Class 9s. Covered Carriages •• •• 55.
Bristol .. •• .. „ Ifs. ••
Tickets, which are not transferable, and are only available for th
Excursion Trains, may be obtained previously at 27, Kina-street,
Cheapside ; 269, strand; 25, Regent•street ; and at the Paddington
Station.
Passengers having Luggage can only be conveyed at the ordinary
fares.
Paddington Station, August IL

SECURITY TO EMPLOYERS.
To Secretaries of Public Institutions, Clerks, Station Masters,
way Officials , Bankers' Clerks, Travellers, and Others.
Rail-
TIMES LIFE ASSURANCE and GUARAN-
TEE COMPANY, 32, Ludgate-hill, London. Incorporated
under 7 and S Victoria, cap. 110.

HONORARY PRESIDENTS.
CHARLES 'LINDLEY, Esq., M.P., Dartmonth-honse,Westminster.
JAMES KERSHAW, Esq., M.P., Stockport.

TRUSTEES.
James Alexander Douglas, Esq., 11, Queen-square.
Ambrose Moore, Esq., Endsleigh-street, Tavistock-square.
James Nisbet, Esq., Berners-street, Oxford-street.
ClimxmAN—The Hon. Francis Villiers, Berkeley-square.
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN—Jai:RCS Wyld, Esq., Charing-cross.
" The Times" Company affords guarantee to persons requiring the
same at the lowest possible rate, and divides four-flths of the profits.
Thus, by applying the justly popular principle of mutuality to public
guarantee, the premiums, instead of being a tax upon hone, -
come a means of saving and investment.
Rates —From 78. 6d. upwards. No charge for stamps or
ciharges. An allowance made in the guarantee premium, whereextra a
life assurance and guarantee are combined.
LIFE ASSURANCE.
Life assurance, annuities, and endowments. Payments taken
monthly as well as quarterly, &c. Policies indisputable, save in
cases of fraud. Arrangements can be made with this oMce to vv.
vent the loss of a policy where the assured is unable, from temporary
embarrassment, to keep up the payments.
H. B. SHERIDAN, Manager.

BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY.
1, Princes-street, Bank, London.
Established August 1, 1837.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Viet.. cap. 9.
Colonel ROBERT ALEXANDER, Blackheath Park, OW /MAN.
Increasing Rates of Premium for securing Loans or Debts.
Half Premiums, only, required during first seven years.
Assurances payable during Life.
Provision, during minority, for Orphans.
BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION.
Empowered by her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.

Profits divided annually.
Premiums computed for every threemonths' difference of age.
Half-credit assurances on a new plan peculiarly advantageous to
policy-holders.
At the last Annual General Meeting a reduction of 30 per cent. was
made in the current year's premium on all participating policies.

(PROPRIETARY.) 1 (MUTUAL.)
........--.--..------, ....-........
Half Whole Half Quar-
-4; premium premium Age. Annual Yearly terly
to First for Re- premium Pre- Pre-
-1 Seven mainder - mium. mium.
Years. of Life.
-- ---- - ---- --- -
£ a. d. £ s. d. Years. Months £ a. d. £ a. d. £ a. d.
30 1 1 9 2 3 6 30 0 2 7 3 1 4 20 12 3
40 1 9 22 18 4 3 2 7 6 1 4 40 12 4
0 2 2 61 4 5 0 6 2 710 1 4 60 12 b
60 , 3 6 86 13 4 9 2 8 2 1 4 8, 012 6

E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA,
tJ AUSTRALIA, and CHINA.
Incorporated by Royal Charter with limited liability.
Capital, 1,000,0001. sterling (with power to increase to 3,000,0001.),
in 50,000 Shares of 201. each.

COURT OF DIRECTORS.
Thomas Alexander Mitchell, Esq , M.P., firm of Sampson, Mitchell,
and Co., New Broad-street.
Peter Bell, Esq., firm of Scott, Bell, and Co., East India and Austra-
lian merchants, Alderman's•walk.
John Bagshaw, Esq., M.P., Director of the Universal Life Assurance
Society, Cliff House, Harwich.
William Cook, Esq., firm of Cook, Sons, and Co., St. Panl's•church-

yard.
George Bowness Carr, Esq., Lawrence Pountney-Place.
John Gladstone, Esq., Stockwell Lodge, Surrey.
William Shaw Lindsay, ESq'., firm of W. S. Lindsay and Co., Ans.
tinfriars.
Joseph Robert Morrison, Esq., firm of James Morrison and Co.,
Australian merchants, Crown-court, Philpot-lane.
(With power to add to their number.)
BANKERS.
Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and Co.

SOLICITORS.
Messrs. Oliverson, Lavie, and Peachy.
BROKERS.

Messrs. Joshua Hutchinson and Son.
The Directors have now the gratification to announce to the
Shareholders, that the approval of the Lords of the Treasury, the
Boards of Trade and Control, and of the Honourable East India Com-
pany, has been obtained to the Charter of Incorporation of this Bank,
embracing INDIA, CHINA, and AUSTRALIA, as well as the
other BRITISH COLONIES eastward of the CAPE of GOOD
HOPE; and that the same was ordered to be scaled at the Privy
Council, held on the 19th inst., and only awaits the completion of
the necessary forms. The Directors also beg to stAte that they have
engaged suitable permanent offices for the Bank in the South Sea
House, No. 29, Threadneedle-street; and further, that-they intend
forthwith to select qualified Managers for the Branches of the Cor-
poration to be opened in India, Australia, and China.
By order of the Board.
GEORGE HOPE, Secretary, p. t.
Temporary Offices, 21, Moorgate street.
Dated this 20th day of August, 1853.

OLD TREWETHER CONSOLIDATED
MINING COMPANY. Conducted on the Cost-book

system.
This Company is divided into 10,000/. s',ares, upon each of which
the stun of IL is to be paid upon allotment.
These Mines, containing Silver-Lead, Copper, Antimony, and
Manganese, are situated in the parish of Endellios, in the county of
Cornwall, and are held under leases for 21 years, at one-sixteenth
dues

COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT.
James P. Anstice, Esq., Park-crescent, Stockwell.
Edward Brooks, Esq., St. John's Wood.
Charles Heaton, Esq., Lime-street. •
John Harvig, Esq., Elm-grove, Hammersmith.
Osmund Lewis, Esq., Fenchurch street.
Francis Moore, Esq., Kennington-terrace.
(With power to increase the number to eight.)
Bankers—Messrs. Hankey and Co., Fenchurch-street.
Solicitor—Joha Steavenson, Esq., 25, Gracechurch-street.
Chief Inspector of the Mines—Captain William Verret].
Offices of the Company—No. 1, Cushion-court, Old Broad-street,
London.
The present Company has been formed for working the Old Tre-
wether Mines, and also those which were known as the Wheal
Thomas, situate at Port Isaac, as well as the setts upon the estates
of Tresungus, Vennies, and Treore, in the parish of Endellion, in the
county of Cornwall, with additional grants connected therewith.
The setts of these Mines extend over a surface of about 1,000 acres,
as shown in an accompanying map, and contain antimony, copper,
and saver-lead in great abundance, and of a very rich description.
The principal antimony lode runs nearly north and south through
the entire length of the sett ; the Wheal Thomas copper lode runs
nearly east and west ; and tine silver-lead lodes at Port Gavern,
bein counter lodes, run sonth-east and north-west, intersecting
the whole of the other lodes at the depth of 30 fathoms.
Five lodes have been already worked upon, and two others
partially opened. The principle lode is the great antimony
lode, which was worked many years since, and produced anti-
mony ore to the amount of 72,0001., at a profit of 50,0001., the
whole of which was realised in the course of two years. The
extent of working on this lode is only 30 fathoms from the
surface, and stopped downwards, north and south of the shaft
about 50 fathoms in length. At that per'od no steam-engine
was on the Mine, and the operati.ms were carried on only in the
summer months, by the aid of a horse-whim. During these
limited workings, six men, in the course of six months, raised anti-
mony ore which realised a profit of 6,0001. The adventurers, after
incurring considerable expenditure in continuing the deep edit, ex-
perienced great difficulties, in consequence of failing to make ar-
rangements with the owners of some intervening grouLd, who
tionre-
quired an exorbitant sum to pass through their lands. Applica
was afterwards made to the lord of the manor for a renewed lease
upon more liberal terms, the due being then one.seventh, but it being
refused, and the whole of the works filling with water, owing to an
exuaordinary flood, the Mine was then abandoned. About four
years since four adventurers took up the sett, and expended upwards
of 700/. upon the Mine, but discontinued working in consequence of
the death of the principal patty, and the continuance of the difficul-
ties with the proprietors of the ground above referred to.
Satisfactory arrangements have, however, now been made with
the various owners of these lands, and the Company can, therefore,
now completecan,
the old workings as formerly proposed.
Upwards of 20,0001. have been expended upon the various works
on the Mine, which, to a great extent, will be ,avallable for the
future operations of the Company.
All the deep and shallow adits have just been opened, and are now
dry, and their entrances secured and fully completed; '7OO fathoms
of adits have been driven and are now open, and eight shafts have
been sunk, two of which are 30 fathoms each in depth.
A lease has been obtained from the Eight Honourable the Earl of
Fortescue and Viscount Ebrington, for 21 years, at one-sixteenth
dues. A lease has also been rranted by the trustees of the
lag estates of Tresungus and Vennus tor 21 years, at the same
amount of dues; and like terms have been made with the owners
of the adjoining setts.
The value of the oro from the Old Trewether lodes has long been
acknowledged ; and as a proof of the same the trustees of the British
Museum, in the year 1825, purchased, for 1,0001., various specimens
of the ilver-lead, antimony, and copper ore, the production of these
Mines,s which can be seen in the mineralogical department of that
institution.
This Company is divided into 10,000 Shares, upon each of
which the sum of 1/, Is to be paid upon allotment ; but only
3,500 shares, in addition to those constituting the purchase-
money, will be issued at present, as it is believed that that
amount will be more than ample to complete the present work-
ings, and secure a remunerative return. It has been satisfac-
torily proved by some of the men who were formerly employed,
that, at the period of the water breaking into the Mine, about
thirty-five tons of antimony ore }compelled to be brought to sur-
face, but the Workmen were hastily to abandon
it, as well as all their tools, which will be found and rendered avail-
able when the shaft has been cleared, which can be effected within a
fortnight after the 20-horse power portable steam-engine has bees
set to work. This ore will produce 75 per cent. of the regulus of
antimony, which, at the present market price of that metal, will
realise about 1,0001. The remaining 2,000 shares will form a reserve
fund for working the additional setts which have been obtained, and
will be issued at a premium of 2/. upon each share, the full amount
of which will be carried to the credit of the Company.
Applications for the unallotted shares, accompanied by satisfactory
references, may be made, on or before the 29th instant, in the usual
form, to the Committee of Management, at the offices of the Com-
pany, No, 1, Cushion-court, Old Broad-street, London.

COMMITTAL OF A CLERGYMAN.—At Mansfield, on
Saturday, the Rev. T. Atkins was committed for trial,
in default of bail, charged with sending a defamatory
letter to the Rev. Dr. Cursham, Vicar of Mansfield,
through the post. The defendant was to have been
tried for a similar offence at the last assizes, but the trial
was postponed, and he was held to bail in 5001., to be
of good behaviour to Dr. Cursham. He had now re-
newed the offence by sending to Dr. Cursham a letter,
of which the hand-writing was proved to be his, of a
most virulent and libellous character. Mr. Atkins ad-
mitted having written the letter. He had of course no
ill will to Dr.Cursham, but had felt it his duty to make
charges on what he thought sufficient evidence, which
he should rejoice to have disproved. He made some
frivolous excuses for having broken his engagement not
to annoy Dr. Cursham while the case was pending. The
magistrates ordered him to be committed for trial, unless
he could find bail. Mr. Atkins appealed to the persons
present to bail him, but no one coming forward, he was
taken to prison,—SteSield Independent.

STOPPAGE OF THE. SULINA CHANNEL
OF THE DANUBE.

A voluminous correspondence, which has taken place
between her Majesty's Government and the Russian
Government relative to 'the obstructions of the naviga-
.

tion of the Sulina Channel of the Danube, has just been
laid before Parliament.
From the printed documents ft would seem that the
complaints on this subject are not by any means of a
recent date, for the correspondiice, which extends over
a period of nearly five years—from the 9th of February,
1849, to the 15th of July, 1853—commences with a
communication from Lord Palmerston to Mr. Buchanan,
who is directed to draw Count Nesselrode's attention to
a dispatch of the British Consul at Varna on the sub-
ject of the accidents occurring to British shipping at the
mouth of the Danube. Mr. Buchanan is also instructed
to point out the inconveniences sustained by the com-
merce of nations at the mouth of the Danube from the
want of good pilots, and from the obstruction created
by the remains of vessels which have been wrecked or
sunk in entering the river. In another dispatch, writ-
ten at the close of 1849, Lord Bloomfield, her Majesty's
Ambassador at St. Petersburg, was also directed by
Lord Palmerston, in explicit' terms,•to point out to the
Russian Minister that it was required for the purposes
of commerce, not only that the accumulating shoals at
the mouth of the Danube should be dredged so as to
deepen the channel, but also that the remains of vessels
which have been there wrecked should be removed, it
being stated that some of these wrecks still remained in
the water-way, and firmed dangerous obstructions to
the navigation. In reply to this, remonstrance, Count
Nesselrode assured the Ambassador that orders had been
given to the local authorities, which he hoped would
prove satisfactory to her Majesty's G overnment, although
all that was required culla be executed so speedily
as was expected.
The correspondence -which follows after this is no-
thing more than the reiterati:n, of complaints, OP.giese
grounds, from the consuls and others orl- the spot, in
which the tardiness of the Russian authorities is con-
tinually remonstrated against. Later on, however, it
would appear some little exertion was made on their
part to remove the cause of these constant complaints.
With respect to the possibility of deepening the chan-
nel in question, Vice-Consul Cunningham, in a report
written from Galatz, in September, 1850, says

"There is little doubt that s small steam-boat of 20 or
30 horse power passing and repassing over the bar when
the weather permitted, drawing a heavy iron rake after
her, would keep the water on the Sulina bar at 16, per-
haps 18, feet English (at least it appears that while the
Sulina was in possession of the Turks, the depth of 16 feet
was kept on the bar by causing each sailing vessel as she
went out to drag a similar rake after her) ; and it is evi-
dent this might be done ata very trifling expense, in com-
parison of the advantage gained. It appears to be quite
an unnecessary expense to lave a regular dredging machine
to lift up the mud and to Wow it into boats to be carried
out to sea. A great deal is said of the necessity, or at
least of the great advantage, there would be in contracting
the mouth of the river by means of a palisade, which it is
pretended would give mot) force to the current, and thus
sweep away the bar ; and it is added that it was by such a
contraction of the mouth of the river that the Turks kept
deep water on the bar. '.to this manner of attempting to
keep deep water there are several objections ; it is not cer-
tain it would succeed. II is true the Turks had a palisade
of the kind, but it does rot appear to be ascertained that
it was for the purpose of deepening the water, and at all
events they applied further means ; it would cost a great
deal of money to make the palisade, and it would require
many years to complete it, even were it commenced and
carried forward in earnest. In every case, even if it
should be decided on to construct a palisade, a steam-boat
with a rake, or a regular dredging machine, should be set
' to work as early as possible, and continued steadily at the
' operation.
But although it may easily be shown that there is no
physical difficulty in removing the obstructions in the Su-
-lina, the question is, Who is to remove them ? and who is
to pay the expense ? It is not intended here to enter at
all on the political question of the rights of different
powers to the Danube, or to the navigation of the Danube ;
it is intended merely to treat it as a commercial question,
and one of profit and loss.
" There seems to be four ways of undertaking the need-
ful work for keeping the Sulina free from impediments :
" L That the Russian Government undertake to do it.
"2. That the Russian Government give it over to con-
tractors.
" 3. That the different nations interested in the naviga-
tion of the Danube should name commissioners (as seems
to be done on the Rhine), and the commission to attend to
the duties of clearing the Sulina.
" 4. A commission being named, that the commissioners
give to contractors the charge of keeping the Sulina clear.
" But whoever undertakes the charge of clearing the river
of obstructions should be bound in certain penalties to do
so, and should have a revenue to cover expenses.
" Without entering on political questions, it may be ob-
served that it is unjust to expect that Russia should re.
move obstructions at her own expense when she has no
interest in doing so, but, on th() contrary, a direct and
very great interest in keeping it closed, as all the grain
that comes out of the Danube (excllpting• some thirty car-
goes from Ismail and Reni) enters into direct competition
with the grain of Russia in all the Markets of the Mediter-
ranean and Europe - and to remove the difficulties of the
navigation of the Danube is to lkwer charges of bringing
Danube grain to market by 3s. Per quarter, and to bring it
into competition with Russian Black Sea wheat with this
further reduction of cost. And if an assertion may be
made, based on the experience of ten years during which
the Russians were free, and ten years during which they
were bound to Austria by treaty to clear the Sulina, Russia
will not open the Danube at her own expense and of her
own free will. Neither is it right to say that British ves-
sels shall not pay a tax, under any circumstance, for navi-
togatpinayg theola Danube, apnouubned, evens io lighterageo f a few shillings,i n
place
There-
fore, if the Russian Government undertakes to deepen the
Danube, it ought to be bound to certain conditions, and a
fair tax levied on every vessel which has the benefit of
aonfdife. aveTthheerme_
deep water ; the same conditions to be imposed on con-
tractors in case the undertaking be carried out by contract,
and these conditions and taxes on vessels should be some-
what similar to the inclosed."

Britannic Majesty's Government sharing this opinion with I
us. We are likewise convinced that, like ourselves, it
considers as unfounded the prejudices entertained by the
English commerce with reference to the presumed designs
of our Government in regard to the commercial relations of
the Danubian provinces.
"If it is borne in mind that it was Russia who, at the
cost of many sacrifices, obtained for those provinces the
advantages, the security, and the franchises which they
enjoy, it cannot fail to be acknowledged that the calcula-
tions of a narrow commercial policy did not at all enter
into the calculations of our Government. It continues to
cherish a benevolent solicitude for the development of the
prosperity of the countries bordering on the Danube.
Notwithstanding the crisis which they have had to endure
under the influence of recent commotions, to which Russia,
in concert with the Porte, has happily put an cud, those
countries witness the progressive increase of their resources.
The natural outlet which the Danube secures to their en-
terprise is freely accessible to the ships of all nations. We
desire no better proof of this than the evidence of the
British consul, which proves that the Sulina channel has
at the present time a depth of 124 feet.
" For our own part we should be happy, if, at the very
centre of our commercial activity, our efforts could afford
the like depth to the bed of the Neva. If here, as else-
where, sand-banks oppose to the labours of art resistance
difficult to be overcome, it must not be therefore inferred
that the commerce of Odessa is jealous of that of St. Peters-
_

"-A truism is connected with these considerations which
is so generally admitted as not to require remark : in all
countries where cultivation is increasing, the body of water
in the great rivers has a tendency to decrease. The Rhine,
the Elbe, and with us the Dniester and the Dnieper, have
undergone this law. Is it to be wondered at that the
Danube does the same ? Twenty years ago it is said this
river had 16 feet depth at its mouth ; if it is so, the Turk-
ish engineers deserved no more credit for it than ours
blame now that the depth of water appears to be reduced
to 121 feet. The cause of it must be sought in the altera-
tions which result by degrees from the nature of things.
Thus the city of Taganrog resigns itself to seeing its port
become by degrees empty in proportion as the sea of Azov
retires.
"No Government, however good its intentions may be,
can repair the irresistible effect -of time. It can only
answer for tho good will, the zeal, the perseverance which
it exhibits in order to remedy difficulties which nature has
created, and which it can only contend against within the
limits of possibility. This is what we have done, and will
continue•to do, without allowing ourselves to be influenced
or discouraged in our efforts by the unjust reproaches
which in any quarter might bo made against the intentions
of our Government.
"It is satisfactory for us to infer from Lord Palmers-
ton's dispatch that her Britannic Majesty's Government
does not share these prejudices. It has considered it right
to point them out to us such as they are. For our part we
state to it, with the same frankness, in what they appear
to be erroneous. From this mutual interchange of ideas,
both Cabinets must derive the conviction that they both
have equally
t allyoatthhem boearttthh. the interestyou
will
hvofathee
thec goodness,ommerewh which
is common M.
le Baron, to express this truth to Lord Palmerston in fur-
nishing him with a copy of this dispatch.— NESSEReceive, &c.
~
(Signed) " LRODE"

[Piu.c-E SD.

state of the tedious negotiations which have been carried
on with reference to the question :

" St. Petersburg, July 15, 1853.
" In obedience to the orders contained in your lord.
ship's dispatch of the sth inst., I have taken the earliest
opportunity which presented itself for representing to
Count Nesselrode the grievous injury inflicted upon Eng-
lish navigation, as upon that of other countries, by the
neglect of the ordinary precautions necessary for clearing
away the obstacles which are allowed to obstruct the
Sulina pass.
" A few references to the dispatch addressed by Mr.
Vice-Consul Lloyd were sufficient to establish the urgency
of a remedy for the evil complained of being provided by
the Russian Government, and I must say that the state-
ment appeared to produce considerable effect upon the
Chancellor, and his Excellency assured Inc that the matter
should be carefully examined.
" I have thought it advisable to communicate Mr. Vice-
Consul Lloyd's dispatches to Baron Lebzeltern, the Aus-
trian mission having been repeatedly enjoined to snake re-
presentations upon the subject, of such deep interest to all
countries trading on the Danube."