The Sun.
London, England, 1854-02-06 00:00:00

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[PRICE SD•

vileges and immunities of the Greek church would not have
been omitted.
more ' The
th a thirdn
the objectionwhich rpari se
ce
edci
eb
ity . Ca
to uvnatr
neeses evil rio is
t e
the
intention of the Conference, which assuredly was not that
the Sultan should enter into an engagement with Russia
to concede to the Greek church all such advantages as
might be granted to other Christian denominations, but
only those advantages which were conceded to communi-
ties who, like the Greeks, were Ottoman subjects.
" The spiritual, head of the Roman Catholics in Turkey,
as elsewhere, is a foreign Sovereign ; and if it pleased the
Sultan to enter into a concordat with the Pope, conferring'
privileges upon Roman, Catholics not subjects of the Porte,
surely that ought to confer no right upon the Emperor of
Russia to claim all the benefits of that concordat for the
Greek community, subjects of the Porte, whose spiritual
head, the Patriarch of Constantinople, is also a subject of
the Sultan.

" No Christian community bei g subjects of the Sultan
would have any right to participate in the privileges and
advantages that the Sultan might confer upon Russian con-
vents, ecclesiastics, or laymen—such, for example, as the
Russian church and hospital about to be built at Jerusalem ;
and in the same manner the Greek community, consisting
of Many millions, would have no right to participate-in
advantages granted to foreign convents or ecclesiastics, and
which might not, for many and obvious reasons, be fitting
for a Christian community subject to the Porte.
"In fact, if the Sultan has at any time, in the exercise
of his Sovereign authority, conferred religious privileges
upon a community not subject to him, or if he at any
future time should think proper to do so, Count Nesselroda
claims that Russia should have a right to demand that
several millions of Greeks, who are subjects cf the Porte,
should at once. be placed upon the footing of foreigners; and
should enjoy, through the-intervention of Russia, all the
advantages which the Sultan, for, reasons of which he. is
the only competent judge, may have granted to such
foreigners.
" How such a claim can be reconciled with the professed
desire for the maintenance of existing treaties and the strict
.
statusr
?e totalv e t ug n
disregard
ut:taeorl:diegxfioPlasti
anme.;.fabotuetietirntsg
sh, they
idicO consider ee
interests
;ts hsa tebrfi ttlthaei es t'exhibitsEuro-
peanß Powers, who , in common with Russia, have declared that
*7 tipholdthe independence of Turley, and -06 eau-
notliferercnaCiee aVith:incliffe'relice thig Russia
'Auriejititionsly. Beekto obtalea- virtual prote-eterrate o ver
the Christian subjects of the Porte. And, with respect to
Count Nesselrode's supposition, that some new privilege,
not mentioned in the recent firmans, might be granted
to
the ,Roman Catholic establishment in Palestine, to the
prejudice of the native communities, his Excellency appears
to have overlooked that, by the Vienna Note, the Porte
enonges.that'no change shall be inadein the order of things
lately established at Jerusalem witlfb'ut previous coroinu-
- nicatical with the Governments of Russia and France.
" I have now fully stated in what spirit and with what
intentions the Vienna, Note was framed ; but, in inter-
preting it as °Out Nesselrode has done, by his objections
to the mOdifications, his Excellency not only does not prove,
but he does not even advert to, any'obligation by which
the Porte is bound to make concessions utterly irrecon-
cileable with its independence. But her Majesty's Govern-
ment are compelled to oonsider that the'claims pnt forward
by -Russia are 'equally irreconcileable with the assurance
that no extended power or influence is sought in Turkey.
They deePty'regret that such claims should have been made ;
for,! even _were they successful, they would be useless to
Russia if she sincerely desires the independence of the Otto-
man empire ; but, under any circumstances, they must
produce feelings of suspicion and distrust on the part of
the Porte and differences between the two powers will
thus in futiire, as of late, be a source of anxiety to Europe,
and expose the general peace to constant danger of distur-

bance.
" You will communicate this despatch to Count Nessel-
rode, or to M. de Seniaiine, should Count Nesselrode be
still absent, and also give him a copy .—T am, &c., '
"CLARENDON."

RUSSIA, BY THE MANCHESTE.R

FACTUBER.

(From the Weekly Dispatch.)
The events of every day demonstrate more clearly
the wisdom as well as humanity of the policy pur-
sued by the Earl of Aberdeen in reference to the
Eastern question. Austria, Prussia, and the other
Western Powers, the Italian States, the outlying
tributary provinces of Turkey, the Northern Powers
—all these have a direct interest, or a disposition;
to interfere in the diplomacy of this embroglio.
They have all vavered in reference to the course
they should pu -sue. Russia has made tempting
offers; used golden arguments to each. The Czar
has poured into the willing ear of hereditary dynars-
ties and. absolute despots the leprous distilment of
his charges against France and England. He has
proclaimed himself the hulwark of legitimacy, and
rock around which break harmless the surcre of re-
volution and the thiinders,of democracy. He calls
to them to join him in defending a cause common
to them all against EngliSh 'Propagandism and
French Republicanism. He points to Poland, to
Hungary, to Italy, to Scily, ripe for insurrection,
unless kept down by his cohorts. One false step
on our part would have set the whole of Europe in
opposition to our ally'and ourselves. One word of
anger or overbearing petulance, one peremp-
tory demand, one high-handed ultimatum, would
have turned the middle and higher classes of
continental Europe against us. The peoples of
Europe would. have mingled their patriotism in the
conflict, and backed up the hostility of their rulers
with the enthusiasm of theirown nationality and pride
of country. It is very easy, indeed, to say that if
Ministers had, at the first, accepted the crossing of
the Pruth as a cams belli, the Czar would have re-
tired with an apology on his lips and a flea in his
ear. But our own policy had accustomed Europe
to think that Russia might go into Servia, Cir-
cassia, the Danubian Principalities, and into the
southern provinces, which she has already wrested
from TUrkey, without our taking any offence.
Lord Palmerston had led the world to think by
our action at Acre and Navarino, and our inaction
in Hungary, when held for Austria by Russia, that
we were not so very straitlaced in respect to the
aggressions of Turkey. Any hasty or domineering
requisition, therefore, on our part, would have had
no other effect than to induce the absolute Soya•
reigns of the continent, with the cordial sympathy
of their subjects, to join the Northern Autocrat,
not only with the bayonets of their soldiers, but the
good wishes and the patriotic spirit of the masses.
In Russia, there are two parties—that of the Em-
peror, and of the nobles , and merchants. Any
abrupt dictation to their Sovereign, whom many
look up to as a tutelary deity, would have at once
left but one party in the empire, and called out. all
the enthusiastic patriotism of the Sclavonic race, to
avenge a national insult. The sober temper,
the extreme forbearance, the calm and pa-
tient reasoning out of the whole subject,
in which • the • question has been treated by
our Ministers, has deprived the Czar of the sym-
pathy of his subjects. They only know that he
sacrifices all their trade and commerce to his own
imperiousness, that he seizes upon the funds of
every society or company to carry on a war which
he may avoid by a word, that he embezzles the
national revenue, and throws the public finances
into confusion—tears sons, husbands and fathers
from their homes to minister to his insane pride,
and that he quarrels with the customers to whom
chiefly his nobles owe their revenues. The existence
of a totally opposite class of objectors to the views
of the Premier is, perhaps, another proof that he
has chosen the golden mean betwixt the rampant
war spirit, and the mere mystical fanaticism of the
peace party. Mr. Cobden, at Manchester, has again
taken occasion to reason out his principles, with
his usual ability, but, in our apprehension, with
the mistake of many who delude themselves with
the, idea that mere logical congruity is practical
wisdom and broad reason : could, we grant him his
chief postilate, which has been only too readily con-
ceded, we might have less hesitation in arriving at
his corollary—but in the taking for granted
the
mere assumption with which he sets out, rests. _
mind.
whole success of his fallacy, even to his 04.
"Barbarianism," ho observes, " will noovuwouverturn
ements in
civilisation in these days. After tfhe imp
prowder, there
machinery, and the discovery o.
never will be another irruptionguonf the Goths."
and we are prepared to
Prove that proposition,
throw up the case. But it is directly in the teeth
of the whole facts of history.. Tile most polished,
wealthy, and commercial nations of the world have
the
their very zenith, before the
invariably sunk,
hardy virtues of barbarous invader. Assyria,
Greece, Rome, all rose to greatness by the
Eaggygrpets' siveepirit of_ rude strength and courage, and
were destroyed by their peace and civilisation.
The horde of Roman robbers over-ran the world by
despising industry, commerce, and art. Whenever
they became civilised, they fell before the barbarian.
The nation of shopkeepers could barely hold their
own through the late war ; while the "barbarian-
ism," that is, the warlike spirit of France, carried
her in victory over Europe. Is it by the, area of
peace that we have acquired India, the. Cape, Aus-
tralia,_ and a footing in China ? Even now and
here, is it to our peaceful attributes, or to our bar-
baric tendencies, that we owe our power and
strength ? It is not to our wealth and intelligence,
our civilisation, but to our gunpowder, bayonets,
and artillery, to our soldiers and sailors,
the least polished of our population, that we
must attribute our security, our might, and
victories. The Russians are not Goths and
Vandals in the science of martial dynamics. They
have their machinery, their gunpowder, their latest
new improvements in the enginery of destruction,
their military strategy, their practices of war, as
far advanced as our own. They have their great
fleets and vast armies. If they choose, as the
Romans did, to devote themselves entirely to con-
quest; and to wake the conquered their tributaries,