The Sun.
London, England, 1853-09-30 00:00:00

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IA3I,

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1853.

The intelligence received within the last few
bourn from Constantinople is at once important
and satisfactory. Everywhere throughout the
Turkish population the enthusiasm of attachment
to the cause of the Sublime Porte was becoming
each day more and more apparent. The arma-
ments were being carried on with unremitting
activity, the exertions of the various officials
evincing in no way the slightest relaxation.
Added to this, the great 11i1a,hometan festivity of
Beiram had passed over without the slightest dis-
turbance. Contrary to general anticipation, no
insult whatever was offered by even the most
zealous and fanatical supporters of Islamism to
the Christians resident in the Ottoman Capital.
Above all—and beyond all—the most energetic
proceeding yet adventured upon by the allies of
the SULTAN had been carried out under the happiest
auspices to its full accomplishment. According
to what might have been confidently expected
from a recent announcement, the French and
English men-of-war had, "on the demand of the
Ambassadors of France and England, in accord
with the Ottoman Government," passed the Dar-
danelles and anchored before Constantinople. An
important intimation—formally given in the offi-
cial columns of the Moniteur. Of this incident,
therefore, there cannot any longer be the smallest
question whatever. The-Russian passage of the
Pruth—contrary to the Miss of nations, in viola-
tion of the rights of Turkish Suzeraint4, and in
total disregard of the neutrality of the invaded
Principalities—has, fortunately, for the honour of
the Western Powers, been at length responded to
by the passage of French and English vessels
across the Sea of Marmora, and their simultaneous
appearance in the waters of Constantinople. If
this movement of the maritime forces of the two
principal supporters of the SULTAN is in opposi-
tion to the express stipulation of treaties—that
circumstance is solely attributable to the arbitrary
acts and arrogant bearing already observable on
the part of the Russian. Government. Had the
Cossacks never crossed the Pruth, the British and
Gallic ships of war would never have penetrated
the forbidden channel of the Dardanelles. Had
Trot the Moldavian and Wallachian territories been
forcibly entered by the troops under the orders of
Prince GORTZCITAK OFF, the Golden Horn would never
lave reflected the Union Jack and the Tricolour from
the movement thither of war-steamers from the
French and English fleets in the Mediterranean.
Had not the Divan been ignominiously threatened
by the extraordinary Envoy of the AUTOCRAT, it
'would never have looked as it has done recently
to the interposition of the Ambassadors represent-
ing the Court of the Tuileries and the Court of
St. James's at Constantinople. If resolute oppo-
sition to the designs of Russia has at last been re-
solved upon by the two most powerful among the
supporters of the SULTAN, it has only been, Heaven
knows, at the very last extremity, and when it
would have been simply preposterous to dream of
meeting the violent proceedings of the CZAR with
a craven renewal of timorous and despised nego-
tiations.

Whatever may be the result of passing occur-
rences, it is, at any rate, obvious that the guilt
of every evil consequence will fall not upon
the Porte, which is limply defending itself
from spoliation, not upon the allies of Turkey,
because in effect they are simply acting upon the
defensive, but upon the AUTOCRAT, who is the
aggressor—upon Russia, who is the assailant. If
'the flames of war break forth, the lawless ambi-
tion of the CZAR Is the brava which will have
originated the conflagration. Ristory will re-
cord this in terms altogether dainnatory of the re-
putation of NICHOLAS. It will be said that, as-
pirint; to obtain for liimFlolf the titlo of «NICHOLASthe Great," he secured only the oclious desig-

nation of "NICHOLAS the Infamous." Probably
the incident here alluded to is not known as
generally as it deserves to be—indicative as it is
of the character of the Russian Emperor, and ex-
plaining, as it does to a considerable extent, the
extraordinary change latterly observable in his po-
licy. That policy, during the principal portion of
his long and remarkable reign, though to the utter-
most degree despotic, was, nevertheless, it will be
admitted, even by its most earnest antagonists,
marked by sedate calmness, astute reserve, a
certain air of majesty, and a semblance at
least of moderation. At heart the policy was
one born of inordinate ambition, and one tending
in every way to carry out a gigantic scheme of
territorial aggrandisement. Yet until about
two years ago this sinister policy was cloaked by
the CZAR under a certain grim decorum. Sep-
tember, 1851, was the date of its memorable
transformation. During that month occurred the
twenty-fifth anniversary of NICHOLAS'S accession
to the throne of the House of Roumanoff. It
is stated that upon that occasion, when the
whole empire was celebrating the event of the
AUTOCRAT having reigned during a quarter of a
century, his Imperial Majesty intimated his desire
that for once the Senate should forego the cus-
tomary expressions of homage used on similar
state occasions, and coming to the foot of his
throne, should hail him by the enviable title of
" The Great." Howbeit the Senate—usually so
obsequious—failed to recognise the nobility of the
suggestion. They refused. NICHOLAS was not
greeted as " The Great." Thenceforth his
disposition has been obviously changed. Ever
since he has been personally " peevish, moody,
inconsistent, capricious." It is the remark of an
authority well qualified to pronounce an opinion
upon the subject--the remark of M. LEOI7ZON LE
Duo, Charge de Mission to the Court of Russia,
a man of observation, impartiality, and experience.
Not only has the personal bearing of the Emperor
NICHOLAS altered since his disappointment in that
memorable September, but Isis policy has mani-
festly and flagrantly changed in like man-
ner. It has become distinguished, not as
formerly by prudence, but by an audacity beyond
parallel in the annals of Christendom. Signalised
by the daring passage of the Pruth, it is at length,
however, we rejoice to know, answered by the
entrance of the French and British vessels of war
through the Dardanelles, and their appearance
"on the demand of the Ambassadors of France
and England, in accord with the Ottoman Govern-
ment," in the waters of Constantinople.

We have recently directed public attention to
the great increase of offences against the person,
more particularly of violent and cruel assaults by
husbands on their wives, who, generally speaking,
appeared to have been the victims of a systematic
course of habitual and brutal ill-treatment, and
who at length only appeared against their
cowardly assailants, when the nature of the in-
juries they had sustained were such as to call the
instant attention of the police to the outrages
under which they were suffering. The enact-
ments of last Session were undoubtedly of a very
stringent character, authorising the summary con-
viction of any offender before a single magistrate,
and a sentence of six months' imprisonment and
hard labour, without the intervention of a jury.
The remedy was one of a very exceptional descrip-
tion, involving a violation of the constitutional
maxim, that no man should be deemed guilty of
any offence, or deprived of his liberty, save on
the verdict of twelve of his peers. It struck a
formidable blow against that which has justly
been described as "the palladium of British
liberty," " trial by jury." But the disease had
attained such fearful magnitude that the people
freely and willingly acquiesced in the partial
invasion of their liberties. They joyfully consented
i to the creation of powers which apparently insured
the punishment of offenders, who might altogether
escape, if committed for trial, through the com-
passion or fears of the sufferers. It had been as-
certained that, in all such cases, a variety of
influences were brought to bear upon the com-
plainant, which generally led to her absence on
the day of trial, and the consequent discharge of
her assailant, who was ready, on any or no provo-
cation, to repeat conduct, from the consequences
whereof, experience told him, he might feel cer-
tain of escaping with impunity. So generally
was this the case, that many efficient magistrates
refused to send such cases to sessions, inflicting a
pecuniary fine in preference. The sufferer was,
however, thus doubly victimised, for she it was
who, by extraordinary exertions, procured the
means of paying the penalty, so that the cruel in-
juries were but frequently followed by very severe
privations.

Under such circumstances the great social ex-
periment was tried, and we regret to say—and
we do so advisedly—notwithstanding the adverse
opinion of the Honourable and Learned Gentle-
man the Recorder of the City of London, con-
firmed by the several officers of his Court, that it
has proved a total failure, and that the outrages
it was intended to check are notoriously mat-
ters of every-day occurrence, and that the
various cases are attended with even greater
cruelty and violence, and more serious and
permanent injuries than before the passing of
the recent act. These undoubted facts exhibit in
a strong point of view the demoralisation of the
public mind in such matters. If the unmanly
scoundrels who perpetrate such brutal acts were
punished on the spot by any persons possessed of
sufficient strength to cope with the ruffians—if
in every instance the attention of the police was
called to the subject, so as to insure a magisterial
investigation—if, above all, the contempt and in-
dignation of the neighbourhood were unequivo-
cally exhibited, and it was shown that the crimi-
nal was degraded in the public estimation, there
might be a reasonable prospect of checking such
crimes, and removing so deep a stain from the
national escutcheon. But when we find that a
drunken wretch can be permitted to pursue a help-
less woman through a crowded market, knocking
her down with his fist, kicking her violently, and
using the most horrible and threatening language,
without a single bystander interfering—nay, when
those from whom the miserable woman sought
protection and assistance, turned her off lest the
wrath of her tyrant should be directed against
them, we feel that something further must be
attempted by Parliament—that the existing re-
medies are altogether inadequate to meet the
diFease.

Something must be done to change and amelio-
rate the tone of public opinion amongst the classes
re such outrages are of frequent occurrence,
Where
will degra.de the culprits. We
are fully alive to all the objections against corporal
solilet
hinB that
, as to imtsatendency to brutalise and
punishment
army it haasnbaeennavyin:
irendeteedr. r e clkvlee ails
atvhee,
always opposed the
oi re,
use of " the Cat,"
seems asifit would be
except, perhaps, for
tbh:eltrheofun whomthe
offences of a mean and shabby
character. But it really
impossible to render more reckless
one who had
previously been so far brutalised as to commit
these heartless and cruel injuries upon helpless
and inoffensive women. The subject is at least
worthy of consideration, as to whether cc flogging„
should not be resorted to in aggravated cases of
this description. The power should be sparingly
exercised, and with great discretion on the part
of the presiding magistrate. Never, unless there
had been a total absence of provocation on the
part of the woman, and that the circuhistances
betokened habitual brutality of disposition on the
part of the culprit. It is that habitual brutality
that should be most vigilantly guarded against,
and 'punished in every instance with, the utmost.
rigour of the law. The power of sentencing to
flagellation should necessarily be surrounded with
many restrictions, and, perhaps, the sentence should
never be carried into execution without having been
previously submitted for the consideration mid
approval of the Secretary of State for the home

Department, or, at all events, of one of the Judges
of the Superior Courts specially appointed to re-
revise and confirm such judgments. This precau-
tion would offer a sufficient guarantee against the
improper use of the power, while a single example
would operate as a heavy blow and great dis-
couragement to all such offenders, and probably
lead to their eventual suppression. We cannot
forget that nothing proved effectual to restrain the
cowardly and atrocious attacks upon our most
gracious SOVEREIGN, which were at one time so
common, until the offenders were rendered liable
to corporal punishment, since which period the
crime has been effectually checked. Let the pro-
tection then which was given to the most exalted
Lady in the realm be extended to her humble sis-
ters, and thus only can we hope to avert the dis-
grace from our country--to remove the black spot
from the national character.

irregular.

_

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 30, 1853,

MONEY MARKET

AND
CITY INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.

The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at 6,000 bales, of which 1,000 were taken
for export and on speculation. The market closed
heavily, and prices of American and Surat were
id., ord. American id. to id., Brazil and Egyptian
id. to id., Sea Island Id. per lb. lower. The sales
include 70 Pernam and Maranham at 61d. to Wid.,
40 Bahia at 6d. to Qd., 150 Egyptian at 6d. to
9(1., and 400 Surat at 20. to 41d. per lb. The
market was fluctuating, and prices were very

In the Produce Markets this week the chief
staples have had a fair sale, but prices have ranged
in favour of buyers, in consequence of the fuller
supply, and the disposition to realise, in order to
have funds at command for any contingency. Sugar
has been quiet, and rather lower, while coffee has
declined ls. to 2s. In saltpetre there has been a
large business, but at reduced prices, and pimento
has been very firm. Rum has been quiet, and rice
steady. In tea there has been a moderate business
done, and great excitement has prevailed in the
tallow market, with a fluctuation of is. per cwt.
from day to day, the advance obtained in the early
part of the week being subsequently lost. Cotton
has been dull. The indigo auctions begin early
next month.

The following useful information is extracted
from the Bankers' Magazine for October
" A tabular statement, showing the difference between
plain cheques and cheques bearing a stamp of one
penny, so far as they are respectively affected by the
Stamp Laws :
" Plain Cheque.

"Cheque bearing a Stamp
of One Penny.
"1. The place whero the "1. Not necessary to state
cheque is issued must be any place of issue.
truly stated.
"2. The time when the "2. Not necessary to state
cheque is issued must also any time.
be truly stated.
"3. The cheque must be "3. May be drawn upon
drawn upon a banker. any person.
"4. The banker upon "4. May be issued at any
whom the cheque is drawn distance.
must reside or transact busi-
ness within fifteen miles of
the place where the cheque
is issued.
"5. The cheque must be "5. May be payable either
payable to the bearer. to bearer or to order.
"6.1 t is supposed by "6. May be for any sum
some authorities that a of money.
cheque for less than twenty
shillings is illegal.
"7. Must be payable on "7. Must be payable on
demand." demand.
"8. When drawn payable
to order, must have an indorsement purporting to be that
of the payee, but the banker is not bound to ascertain if
the indorsement be genuine, or liable if it be forged."

The accounts from Canada state that it is esti-
mated that Upper Canada will have a surplus this
year over any former season of four million bushels
of wheat of the value of 4,000,000 dollars. Not-
withstanding this, however, probably with the pro-
spect of having a good export demand, the price of
flour has materially advanced, and bread in Quebec
appears to have been advanced at the latest date.
The effect of this was severely felt by the poorer
Classes.

No one can calculate evidently from one day to
another what the Bank of England will do, and all
were surprised at the advance yesterday afternoon
in the minimum rate of discount to 5 per cent.,
and in the charge for Loans upon Stocks to 41.
The object is said to be to check the holding back
of grain from the market by means of accommoda-
tion bills, and doubtless prices will be lowered in
consequence at the Baltic and other ports. The
Australian over-trading has also induced the Bank

to raise its terms, a good deal of renewing being,
stated to be in progress. Just now it is more a ques-

tion of means than anything else, and the
large arrivals of Australian gold ought to
give the Bank, temporarily at least, a fuller supply.
The imports of gold from Australia this week have
been about 230,000 ozs., and probably more count-
ing what passengers bring.
Stocks have been fluctuating a good deal, and it
is now more uncertain whether the Bears have
bought in much or are still largely out. More de-

vail in this district. The lode suddenly widens to four
feet, the diameter of the shaft, but how far it may ex-
tend on each side under the earth, it is, of course, im-
posible to say. On Monday a sample of the pro-
duce, weighing about one and-a-half cwt., was
exhibited in Mr. Samuel's office, and excited no
little astonishment amongst a number of the knowing
ones of Bathurst. It consisted principally of a kind of
greyish ore, a portion of which was assayed by Dr.
Machattie and found to be very rich. This, together
with several other specimens, has been forwarded to
Sydney for the inspection of the directory, where it
will, no doubt, create a little sensation. Five distinct
lodes have been discovered upon the company's property,
and so great is the confidence of the proprietary in the
success of the enterprise, that steps have been taken for
the formation of a complete mining establishment. As
the country is easy to work, the developments of the
mine may be expected at no distant date."

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(Prom, th,c Official List.)

ponds upon the supply of money stock to be ex.

Business done.
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities' 924 31 2g I
Consols for Account
Exchequer Bills, id.
£IOOO
.nOO
Ditto Small
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Grenada Bonds, Deferred
Mexican 3 per Cent. -
Peruvian Bonds, 4l per Cent.
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. 4! St --
Ditto 4A per Cent 97/ 8
Spanish Bonds,' 3 per Cent 4si
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent 22
Dividends on the above pay ble in London.
Austrian Bonds 5 per Cent. 10 G•• £ Bsi
Dutch Exchange, 2A per Cent. 1 Gun__ 62 3
Dutch 4 per Cent. Certificates . • O6B 6 i

petted. Consols have realised 92k, I-, since On,
and are now 941 to Exchequer Bills have been
done at Bs. to 13s. prem., being some improve-
ment.

Foreign Securities have been very inactive, and

the settlement of the account has been the chief
business. Mexican Bonds have realised 23 -L and
Peruvian 721 being firmer. Grenada Deferred
Stock has been marked 8-i. Spanish New Deferred
Bonds have been at 22. Russian 4i per Cents.
are 97/ to 98.
The railway share market has been very buoyant,
and larger transactions have been entered into,
partly in connection with the half monthly settle-
ments. Caledonian have got up about 2/. ; Mid-

land, 1/. to 21. ; North Western, York and North
Midland, and South Eastern, have likewise been in
request. French shares have been in demand, and
realise more for money than account, notwithstand-
ing the fall at Paris, which many expect will go fur-

HALF-PAST TWO.
Consols 92i i
Ditto October Account o2g

ther. But for the speculative sales no doubt the de-
cline would have been greater, as many real holders
in England have sold out within the last few days
and delivered their shares.

The Gold Mine Shares are quiet, and the Land
Companies' firm. The banks are about the same.
Some very interesting particulars concerning the
state of the money market and the value of land
are contained in the following communication from
Melbourne :

" The enormous quantity of goods for which remit-
tances have been recently sent home, combined with the
needful returns for consignments to our market, have
induced the banks to increase their rates of exchange on
London, and the consequence has been the rise of 2 per
cent., which is now charged by all the banks for their
drafts on England. This also has affected the gold mar-
ket, which has not been higher or firmer for a consider-
able time. Rumour, which is always busy under such
circumstances, has spread a report that there is even a
probability of a further rise upon the exchanges ; but
there seems no good foundation for such a report, and,
we may add, no likelihood of any such rise taking place,
at least for a time. While everything else in commer-
cial circles seems to be on the decline, land apparently
maintains a position of unprecedented and unexpected
value. Most parties at a distance will fancy that both de-
mand and price in this respect are unnatural, and really
the quantity of land at the command of the colony, and
its uniform excellence and productiveness seem to
strengthen the idea. Yet still the fact remains undis-
puted, and if we consider the enormous capital lying use-
less in our banks, and the difficulty of any outlet for its
employment, we shall cease to wonder at the un-
paralleled rise of the value of the soil, when we
reflect that is it almost the only investment that can be
made in the colony at the present moment with a rea-
sonable certainty of an advantageous and produc-
tive return. Instances of the truth of these re-
marks might be multiplied almost to any extent
and without doubt it is the fact that the great
capitalists of the country, or at least many of them,
owe their position entirely to their fortunate speculations
in its land. How long this is to continue is another
question. How long land worth a mere nominal sum is
yet to be palmed upon the public for thousands upon
thousands, is simply, in our opinion, a question of good
government and more judicious allocation, which will
be no doubt better attended to when the popular element
of representation begins to be felt in our Legislative
Chamber. In the mean time, however, the price of
land continues to be maintained, and sales are every day
negotiated in which the fortunate holder of the soil rea-
lises from hundreds to thousands per cent. This, of
course, only applies to small patches of land, but still to
what is very valuable ; and it certainly exhibits in its
true colours the magnitude and importance of the land
sales within the immediate neighbourhood and bounds of
Melbourne."

The following from Sydney is very favourable as
respects the gold mines :
" We have decidedly cheering reports from all quar-
ters this week. The Turon bed claims have taken a
fresh start ; the yield at our northern diggings con-
tinues steady, the south has sent up a larger quantity
this week than it has been doing for some time past ;
and our intelligence from the Ovens gives fresh instances
of very large success to many employed on the new
diggings at Four Mile Creek.
" His Excellency the Governor-General has sent down
a message to the house, proposing a gratuity of 5,000/.
to Mr. Hargreaves for the discovery which has already
revolutionised Australia, and created so great an interest
in our welfare in all quarters of the globe. The inad-
equacy of this sum is manifest upoa the very face of it."
Other accounts from Sydney state that—
"At the Ophir Copper Mine the miners have cut a
promising lode of copper ore. The indications have
gradually improved from the commencement of opera-
tions, much in the same manner as at the Summerhill
Mine, until they came upon the lode. The characteris-
tics
of the ore alter from blue and green corbonate to
yellow pyrites, the kind of copper which appears to pre.)