The Sun.
London, England, 1854-08-21 00:00:00

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

This place fills up an hiatus which the Crystal Palace leaves
wanting. Vocal and instrumental music of the first order, and a
display of fireworks which exceeds all imagination, are a fitting
close to a day at the Crystal Palace."
DANSON'S COLOSSAL PANORAMA of CHUM'S.
Splendid and Extensive Menagerie and Marine Aquarium—Unri-
Tailed Military Band.
VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT,

•
In which Miss Poole, Miss Bansford. and Mr. Manvers sing
several National and Patriotic Songs—All the Amusing Novelties
of the Gardens in succession, concluding with the " Feast of Lan-
terns," and a most magnificent display of Fireworks by Southby.
Admission One Shilling. A splendid Pavilion for Dancing has been
erected. Fall Quadrille Band, &c.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHIT FLEA. r KR.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke.

- - -
In preparation, with entirely new scenery, and every necessary
requisite, a Grand EQUESTRIAN BURLESQUE, from the pen of
se
a
popular author. Every pains has been taken, and the most profu
expense has been lavished, to render this magnificent Spectacle worthy
Of the approbation of the public!
THIS EVENING,
For a few nights more, the War Spectacle, THE COSSACKS; or,
Vlve la France.
After which, the inimitable SCENES in the ARENA, invented
arranged, and directed by Mr. William Cooke.
HERB CHRISTOFF, whose miraculous Feats an the Tight Rope
have absolutely electrified the audience, will apper.
The whole to conclude with the Equestrian Ballet d'Action, by
Mrs S. G. Healey, THE KNIGH r AND THE WATER LILY; or,
Love among the Mermaids.
Box-office oped from Eleven till Fonr. Stage Manager, Mr. W .
W est.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tai DAT —Morning 25 min.after 12 Evening 50 min.aft. 12
To-Mow:kw—Morning 12 min.after 1 1 Evening 31 min.aft. 1

THE WEATHER.—Sun 077102, Aue. 21.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
70—highest since noon yesterday.
54—lowest this morning and during the night.
71—this day at noon.
BABOMKTEB, 29'93.
WIND, S.W.—Light, with dull weather.

Ili
,~- ~j

MT

LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 21, 1854.

What can be done for the peace and happiness
of Spain by ESPARTERO ? Honesty may some-
times accomplish miracles. Perhaps the honesty
of the Duke of VICTORY may—even under pre-
sent circumstances. It is impossible to conjec-
ture otherwise, however, than that ESPARTERO
Will find as many bewildering difficulties before
him as the situation of Greece is presenting at the
same moment to MAVROCORDATO. In each in-
stance there is beyond the existing evil of an un-
popular Sovereign the more embarrassing one of
a dubious succession. OTHO is bad enough. IsA-
BELLA is bad enough. Granted. But what is
there for Greece beyond OTHO ? What for Spain
beyond ISABELLA That is, in each case, the grand
source of present and future bewilderment. Sui-
posing OTHO to be still, by a miracle, retained on
the throne of the Hellenic Kingdom, who is there,
when OTHO has passed away, to grasp at Athens,
as his successor, the reins of constitutional govern-
ment ? Supposing, again, that ISABELLA can
still be held firm, by no less a miracle, upon the
throne of the Iberian Kingdom, who is there, in
like manner, when she has disappeared from the
public scene, who can contrive to grasp at Madrid,
as her successor, the reins of constitutional go-
vernment? The position of affairs just now in
the two capitals, is to a certain extent so
similar that when speaking of them together we
are almost driven to tautology. The similarity
we have already pointed out in these columns in
detail. It is unnecessary here, therefore, to reca-
pitulate all that might be said, all that has been
said by us, as to the more striking points of re-
semblance. Enough that there—at Madrid and
at Athens—are the two unpopular Monarchs,
male and female, whose evil policy has called for
the reorganisation of their respective councils here
(in Spain) by an honest Statesman like ESPARTERO,
here (in Greece) by an honest Statesman like
MAVROCORDATO. Can either of those Statesmen
extract order out of the disorder, harmony out of
the discord, tranquillity out of the profound and
prevailing disturbance which has thus abruptly
summoned them (one from the seclusion of private
life at Logrono, the other from the calm conduct
of the Greek embassage at Paris) to the supreme
guidance of the affairs of State, and to the re-
modelling of the fabric of Administration ? Can
all this be successfully accomplished with the pro-
blem of a dubious succession still unsolved, even,
let us say, to go no farther, with the State in each
instance still nominally presided over by an ineffi-
cient and notoriously unpopular SOVEREIGN ? It
is a dread responsibility—that which devolves at
this juncture, in the midst of a general war among
the mightier states of Europe, upon ESPARTERO
and upon MAVROCORDATO!
While, however, the Greek Premier has
to work out the difficult problem confided
to him for solution under the protective
shadow of an Anglo-French occupation the
Spanish Premier has to extricate his country
from the " Slough of Despond" into which it has
fallen, aided only by the sustaining ardour of his
compatriots, and by the sympathies of the observ-
ant races of Christendom. Will this indirect sup-
port of internal ardour and external sympathies,
be adequate to enable the Duke of VICTORY to
reconstruet out of existing materials, and to con-
solidate permanently on the old foundation, the
shattered and tarnished, not to say the ruined' and
polluted fane of Constitutional Government ?
With Isazzaza on
leaden the
of the
throne--mind !—with the
triumphant le
rtthe insurrection, naturally
444111fth, requiring pa
rticular consideration at the
.hAllAs of the new Government ; with NA.RvAEZ sus-
piciously all the whilelurking
in the background,
ready to appear upon the stagsatthe first favourable
opportunity ; with the faineantwith
theghost
of the Camarilla
King Consort be-
hind the scenes ;
still to be laid ; with the
mtrzroz brood yet unex-
tirpated ; with CHRISTINA still to be
pond the frontiers or otherwise punishedrivfeonr her
misdeeds in bringing infamy on her daughter's
Government ! ESPARTERO will, indeed, be a won
derful man if out of all the appalling difficulties
of his present situation he can contrive to deliver
Spain from the calamities of a fresh and more
overwhelming revolution.
It is out of the question to talk of a Regency,
either through a Dictator or through a Trium-
virate. It is absurd to think of an ORLEANS
dynasty to be founded through the agency of the
Due de MONTPENSIER. It is preposterous to dream
of an amalgamation of the two states of the Penin-
sula under one crown, to be worn by the Boy-king
of Portugal. The latter projeot, sometimes whis-
pered about, would be alike repugnant to both
12°PulatIons. Lisbon could not be reduced
from the dignity of a metropolis, to the
position of a second-rate city, 'without in-
furiating the Portuguese. The Portuguese could
never
ing hope to give
by ivea ruler to
the pride, of the
e. to Madrid without
whole Spanish multitude. wounding
No, the situation re-
solves itself to an alternative--for for Spain is in no
way fitted for a Republican Government. Either
a patched-up compromise
for the time being, with
ISABELLA still the nominal i
guarda n (1) of the

constitution. Or, Carlista , restored, and is
that event, of course, reorganised. Here in
the key to the Spanish mystery. Again we ze-
turn to our initial query—Can that mystery be
dissipated, can the problem be solved, by ESPAR-
TERO ? Is the responsibility of its solution to be
left for some more energetic, some less honest,
but some more daring and more resolute, inter-
preter of the secret wishes of a population ?

It seems ungrateful to grumble so soon after
such a telegraphic despatch as reached the Admi-
ralty on Saturday, and just as the lunch, or if
Ministers prefer, the first course of the dinner
itself, is served, to look as sour as men whose
hunger is still unsoothed. We fully share in the
general pleasure ; we would not pen a word to
damp it ; and if our troops and sailors can, at
this eleventh hour of the military day, retrieve
the errors of their masters at home, we will gladly
forgive their masters—Lord ABERDEEN himself,
and his great organ of the press included—all
their shortcomings. In one sense, indeed, re-
trieval is impossible. The old saw in morals,
that time lost can never be recovered, is true em-
phatically in military matters. The great forts
in the Baltic and the Euxine, the latter especially,
are doubly difficult to take compared with what
they would have been ; and the time lost before
starting at Malta and at Gallipoli, the time lost
in babyish coaxing of Austrian selfishness and
duplicity, is all lost with compound interest, to be
paid for in increased Russian strength, and in-
creased difficulties of the season.

But what has struck us most in the matter is
the relation of public opinion to our Parliaments
and Cabinets. We are often told of the irresist-
ibleness of public opinion ; and, looking at some
of its triumphs, such an expression may seem
almost justified. What can the Reformers of our
representation want, it is asked with an air of
triumph, after the first Reform Bill, the Abo-
lition of West Indian Slavery, and, above all, the
abolition of that great aristocratic tax, the Corn
Laws, followed by the inauguration of Free
Trade ? And it would certainly appear that, on
most great domestic questions, the voice of the
people must ultimately prevail. The five points
of the Charter itself would do little more than
hasten the decision in their favour, which is pretty
sure to be given at last, and perhaps save no
small amount of waste while that decision was
still pending.
It is in reference to a war policy that popular
opinion is at its greatest disadvantage. As in other
things, the people may err about engaging in a
war, or about the mode in which it should be car-
ried on—though it would be hard to prove that
they were more liable to error than those who
govern them—but their knowledge, or their in-
born honesty of sentiment, is, in reference to a
war, of but little comparative value. Domestic
questions can generally afford to wait a while ; not
so the operations of a war. Even Fabian tactics
must be the result of choice, and of a plan foreseen
from the beginning ;* but, generally, promptitude
is so all-important that "to steal a march" has
grown into a proverb, one which has been pretty
well illustrated to our cost this spring. In the
present war, whatever partial indemnifications the
autumn may furnish for the delays of the spring,
history will record that the preceding remarks
have been fully verified. With the exception of
the Manchester School, who on this subject were
in the smallest of minorities, the whole nation
were almost clamorous, from the spring onwards,
for speedy and decisive action. Every one was
indignant at wasting time in Vienna conferences,
and at polite attempts to give the detestable com-
pound of swindler and burglar a pleasant retreat
from the position he had taken by perfidy and
violence. The English people were almost furious
at seeing their ships loiter at Malta and at Besika
Bay, or anywhere else, when they might have
been scouring the Black Sea, clearing the mouth
of the Danube, opening it for an English flotilla,
keeping the enemy in alarm from. Ismail to round
Odessa; Sebastopol, and the Circassian forts, and
have given other work to Admiral NAM:MI(3IPP
than violating his master's engagements, and mas-
sacreing the weak at Sinope.
All the ldches of this war, whether due to Ger-
manism, Aberdeenism, sympathy with the Rus-

sianised sufferance-despots of Germany, or the
absolutist leanings of half our aristocracy, would
have been clearly avoided, could the wishes of the
people have told more promptly upon our House
of Commons, and through it upon the Court and
Cabinet. Long before Parliament met the people
scented the Vienna and kindred influence which
guided or modified the working of our Cabinet ;
and though the herring was skilfully trailed, it has
not altogether lost the scent. We cannot doubt
that if the people could have performed the func-
tions of the Administration, the CZAR would never
have dared to cross the Pruth ; and that, if he had,
ere this time our navy would have been riding in
the waters of Sebastopol, and the Russian ninety-
fours have been perhaps transformed to Turkish
guard-ships in the Bosphorus. The heartiness
of the people was shown by the best of all tests.
Never probably since 1815 has a tax been pro-
posed, or an augmentation of a tax, against which
petitions were not presented, or which was not re-
sisted by the popular members in the Lower
House. In the present case, millions were voted,
and the most odious and unpopular of taxes
doubled, without even a division, JOSEPH HUME
himself consenting—urging, we should rather
say, on the part of those whose watchful and con-
Isistent auditor he so long has been !
Alas ! the people had no power to make their
loudly-proclaimed opinions- tell promptly. The
management of our diplomacy and of war was in
the hands of the Russianised aristocracy of the
kingdom—of men who had in their hands, what
the public had not, the SEYMOUR correspondence,
and who yet for long took MENSCHIKOFF lies for
truth, and for longer still treated the convicted liar
as a gentleman! Could JOHN BULL but have
known all, and, knowing all, have brought his

honesty and common sense to bear at once on the
Government, he would have taught it to call im-
perial villains by their right names, and to serve
a crowned cheat and burglar as he is accustomed
to treat gentry of the same sort when they inter-
fere with his property at home. We are free to
confess that if anything would convert us into
earnest advccates of Annual Parliaments as well
as of the Ballot, it would be their probable effect
on the liberties of Europe. No member of a
House of Commons, responsible frequently to its
constituents, could afford to let a Government
sacrifice the independence and freedom of other
countries to the bias of a native aristocracy or the
matrimonial connexions of Courts. Neither could
they afford to permit an Administration to make
a costly two years' work of what might by one
good outlay of money and of strength have been
accomplished in one.

After all that has passed we shall be carefully
on the watch against one possible result. We
consider it quite conceivable that our managers of
the war may latterly have had it in view both to
save their own credit, and Russia too, as much as
may be. That they would like well, for instance,
to do enough this autumn in the Baltic and the
Black Sea to enable them to meet the "faithful
Commons" again in February with a decent story ;
and enough also to make it reasonable for Russia
to negotiate, and for them to consent to do so,
without demanding that complete restoration of
the countries she has absorbed, which two effective
victoriesl England
and
omco t
Francezthemdoas
roetamlatl
eseak If
all
dFz
noß:f
fn
os
Poland,
inwob
be refused
nrpedf thatu the si
laa restored
tl ike ilni kg de
I this would be inconvenient to those who do n
indeed, exactly want the CZAR. for Lord PARA:
I MOUNT of Germany, but who ara well pleased that
I the subjects of all the big and little Germanic
Ipotentates should live in fear of somebody more
divide,' and powerful than their warn hated and
despise 1 rulers. Ungenerous, we shall be told,
to indulge such suspicions. Well, we are sorry
if it be so. Wo cannot, however, refuse to be-
lieve that there are those who, in our Administra-
tion, do not want the will to act as we have just
suggested, and some assuredly who want neither the
skill nor the foresight to arrange the plan. Clever
was that device of dismissing the national represen-
tatives, to the tune (COO, 000 men having sailed, or

being about to sail, for Sebastopol. Ably the trum-
peter did his part confessedly. We hear nothing
more authentic, however, concerning it. We
must wait, of course, patiently—it all squares,
however, but too accurately with the supposition
we have just reluctantly made.

The New Beer Law has now been in operation
two Sundays. Its vexatious restrictions have
been practically experienced, and the public in-
dignation is strongly excited at the intolerable
interference with the comforts and enjoyments of
the working classes created by enactments hurried
through both Houses of Parliament with indecent
speed at the fag end of the Session. Nothing
could, indeed, be more unfair towards the great
body of the people than the contemptuous in-
difference displayed by both Houses of Parliament
to their interests. Men who had well-stocked
cellars and magnificent club-houses, available at all
hours for their own use, thought nothing of
reducing the time during which their less wealthy
brethren could obtain refreshment for themselves
and families on the only day when they could sit
down to enjoy it. Having six days at their own dis-
posal those persons might well be contented to
submit to any privation on the seventh. But,
practically, it would be nothing to them if the
public-houses were closed the whole day, as they
are at the other side of the Tweed. When do
Noble Lords or Honourable Gentlemen stop at
the bar or enter the parlour of a public-house for
the purpose of getting a pint of beer, or having a
chat on the events of the week ? The clubs are
their public-houses, where they can get their
bottle of pale ale, pint of sherry, glass of brandy
and soda water, or any liquid, exciseable or other-
wise, with which they may deem it expedient to
assuage the pangs of thirst, and they find no
objection to administer as many " modest
quenchers" as they think proper to de-
mand, for each of which they will have
to pay in, current coin of the realm. They can
lounge in their magnificently decorated saloons
during the entire day, perusing the journals and
periodicals without any impertinent interference
on the part of the police. But the public-house
is the " club" of the labouring man. A club, too,
more indispensable to his comfort than that of
Pall-mall or St. James-street is to its more aristo-
cratic frequenter, inasmuch as he has no private
store from which to draw the means of supplying
his wants. That, however, is now to be closed
at the very time it is most required, and the
annoying restrictions are imposed almost without
discussion, or opposition, by the Noble and Hon.
" Clubbists."

It is not the least objectionable part of the mea-
sure, that it was passed in deference to the wishes
of a combined body of Sabbatarians and Teetotallers.
Men, some of whom, if they could obtain their wishes,
would shut up their fellows on the whole Sunday,
not allowing them to breathe the pure air of
heaven, or indulge in the most innocent amuse-
ment—who profess what an exemplary and truly
pious minister of the Gospel designated as " the
senseless, unfeeling religion of the Pharisee,
which, with sepulchral voice, forbade even Mercy
to lift a finger on the Sabbath, as she walked the
earth amid harrowing woes ; and in its iron-souled
moroseness would have men starve on that day
rather than pluck an ear of corn !" The re-
mainder of the party are even worse. They
would not be satisfied even with a Scotch, but
require a " Maine" liquor law. They would not
allow any person—not wealthy enough to become
a wholesale purchaser—to obtain even a pint of
small beer to cool his parched lips at any time.
Thev would strive to enforce by law a compulsory
abstinence on all not strong enough to break
through the petty restrictions they would
establish.

These are the persons to whom the Imperial
Parliament has truckled, whom it has encouraged
to persevere, by the temporary success that has
attended their efforts. Let it not be supposed
that they will be contented therewith, that they
will accept it as a final settlement of the question,
or abstain from further efforts to carry out their
views. The Sabbatarian still regards any dealing
on Sundays with horror. The opening for even a
single half-hour is a violation of principle which
lie will strive to obviate with all his strength.
The sale of a pint of beer at any time
is hateful to the Teetotaller. They have ac-
cepted the provisions of the recent Act,
merely as letting in the sharp end of the
wedge, by which they may labour with increased
power for the attainment of their ultimate objects.
They should have been resisted ab initio. Every
point should have been contested from that very
commencement. Already too much has been con-
ceded, and a decided attempt should be made to
win back something more than has been taken by
the late statute. If the public-houses must be
close during the hours of church service, why may
they not be opened for a few hours in the morn-
ing to enable those about to start on excursions
to make provision for their journey, or to satisfy
their wants in their own houses ? From 7or
even 8 to 10 would not interfere with
public worship, nor would the attractions
of the beer-shop seduce our really religious
person from attending at the place
where he had been accustomed to offer
prayer and thanksgiving to his Heavenly FATHER.
The abstraction of the half-hour at mid-day—the
compulsory closing at half-past two, in place of
three p.m.—is perhaps not of very much conse-
quence. It perhaps occasions a little hurry about
dinner-time, and may lead to occasional disappoint-
ment. The refusal to open before six is, how-
ever, a more serious matter. Many thousands of
persons are in the habit of dining at five, and tak-
ing a quiet walk with their families in the evening.
These will all be interfered with -very vexatiously.
They will be compelled to lay in a larger quantity
to provide for any additional consumption, any
probable or possible demand. More will there-
fore be consumed, although it may not be pur-
chased from the licensed victualler. We already
find in Scotland that men are beginning to pro-
vide themselves with " pocket pistols," or port-
able dram-bottles. This will encourage the taste
for ardent spirits, for it is manifest that
beer cannot be as easily carried about. Is
this what the Teetotallers desire to accom-
plish ? We believe not. But still they
cannot feel surprised if the weapon unskilfully
wielded be turned against themselves. The
closing at ten o'clock practically prohibits those
who. are out on excursions from getting any re-
freshment on their arrival. They, however, will
not often be taken in, but will take care to have
supplies with them, unless the just and proper
interpretation of the word " traveller" should en-
able them to obtain what they require on the
arrival of the different trains. We greatly regret
the short-sighted policy that has created these
difficulties ; and we earnestly exhort all persons
desirous of checking further encroachments on the
liberty of the subject to exert themselves zealously
and energetically to obtain the repeal of the ob-
noxious enactments.

VISIT OF PRINCE A EBERT TO THE PORT.
LAND BREAKWATER.

On Saturday last, his Royal Highness Prince Albert
visited the works of the breakwater now hi course of con.
struction at the island of Portland.

His Royal Highness was met at the landing-stairs by
Mr. Coode, the resident engineer, who had the honour of
conducting the Prince over the breakwater ; the different
operations on which were minutely examined, and espe-
cially the works and apparatus connected with the
masonry being set under water. The Prince afterwards
walked to the "Verne" Hill, and inspected the barracks
recently erected for the convict guard. Mr. Buller, the
deputy-governor, attended there, in the absence of Capt.
Clay, the resident-governor of the convict establishment.
His Royal Highness was accompanied by Captain Du
Plat, Captain the Hon. J. Denman, R.N., and Captain
Crispin, R.N., of the royal yacht Victoria and Albert.
The Prince landed at noon, and embarked at 3 p.m.,
when the royal yacht steamed away for Osborne.

MISS ARABELLA GODDARD.—This eminent pianiste
has left London for Baden-Baden, where she is en-
gaged to play at some concerts. From thence she will
proceed to Wisbaden, Ilamburgh, and several other
German bathing-places ; and also to Munich, Frankfort,
and Leipsig.