The Sun.
London, England, 1854-01-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 12, 1854.

deavours of a reformatory tendency are more im-
peratively demanded than ever, now that many
serious contingencies are being evoked from the
recent narrowing of the circle of secondary punish-
ments. It is indisputable. According to Mr.
WARREN'S epigrammatic utterance " all crime ori-
ginates in intemperance or ignorance." That
too, we take it, is altogether removed beyond
the reach of contradiction.

Whence comes the bounden duty pf extended
facilities towards the education of the more de-
graded classes of our population. Upon which
head—the Learned Recorder of Hull spoke thus
nobly and eloquently : " Gentlemen, so deeply do
I feel these things that I assure you I would
rather—fixing my eye on my deathbed, and an-
ticipating the reflections of that awful moment—be
the founder of a ragged school, a Sunday school, a
school of any sort or description which taught the
heart its duties to GOD and man ; I would rather,
I say, then reflect on such an act than strive to cheat
my departing spirit with dreams of a glittering
chaplet of earthly immortality, in respect of any-
thing for which short-sighted human vanity or
am oition might pant ; and I believe there are
many good men now living—would that I were
among them—who, for what they have done in
this direction, shall shine as the stars for ever and
ever." It is by the utterance of sentiments such
as these from the judgment-seat, in his capacity
as Recorder, that Mr. WARREN is successfully fur-
thering the interests of humanity, while embellish-
ing anew his already ample and distinguished
reputation. An address of so much importance,
falling from the lips of one already so largely en-
dowed with the advantages of popularity, could
not well be passed by without some word of ear-
nest commendatory reference. Conceived as it is
throughout in a spirit of genuine and unaffected
benevolence, it at once wins from us our sym-
pathy, while by its natural eloquence it commands
our admiration.

LAW INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY.)

QUEEN'S BENCH.
MC LEOD V. SOUTHERLAND AND OTHERS.

This was an action brought to recover the value of
certain debentures issued by the directors of the Royal
Bank of Australia. The plaintiff had made advances to
the bank upon the security of the debentures, but the
bank ultimately becoming insolvent, the shareholders,
some of whom were the defendants in -this case, repu-
diated the act of the directors in issuing the debentures,
and the plaintiff was compelled to bring the present
action to enforce his right. At the trial the point was
reserved for the opinion of the court as to whether the
shareholders had given the director's authority to raise
money on debentures, and the court being of opinion
that they had, judgment was directed to be entered for
the plaintiff accordingly.

MONEY MA RKE T

AND
COMMERCIAL INTEZLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.

The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at 7,000 bales. The market closed firmly;
compared with Friday's rates, prices of all kinds
were quite as dear. The sales comprised 4,500
American,' 500 Perham and Maranham at 6d. to
Bd., 30 Bahia at 6fd. to 6d., 1,000 Egyptian at
Bkd. to 10d., and 1,000 Surat at 20. to 41d. per
lb. Railway share were dull, at declining prices.

The Union Bank of London has declared a divi-
dend at the rate of 10 per cent, per annum.
To facilitate decimal calculations for reducing the
gross weight of gold and silver to standard, accord-
ing to the assay reports, Mr. William Miller,
cashier at the Bank of England, has published the
tables used at that establishment. These, it ap-,
pears have the sanction of the Governors, and are
arranged in a perfectly lucid form. Mr. Miller
not only gives the tables for prompt reference, but
shows his method for standarding gold, and calculat-
ing its cost, and also the same in reference to silver.
The author remarks that if the standard for gold were
but altered from eleven-twelfths to nine-tenths
fine, which is the standard of France, Holland, and
United States, and several other countries, and our
currency also were completely decimalised, changes
that might easily be made, and which would be of
infinite advantage ; the tables could be dispensed
with.

The General Screw Steam Navigation Company's
ship Crcesus left Southampton for Australia at 2.30
p.m. yesterday.
The advices by the Overland Mail do net give
a very favourable report either from Calcutta or
Bombay as to the condition of the markets for im-
ported fabrics. At Calcutta the sale of cotton goods
was slow, although money was abundant, and the
exchange on London steady. The indigo crop was
estimated at 107,000 maunds. At Bombay there
have been considerable sales of piege-goods, but
not on remunerative terms.
The Canton letters state that there was more in-
quiry for imports, but that the holders would not
accept the current low rates.
There are dates of October 20, from Swan River,
by the ship Indemnity, arrived at Ceylon, but we
have not heard of later intelligence from the other
colonies. The Adelaide accounts are only to the
11th October.

Notwithstanding the suspense and anxiety. re-
garding th.e Eastern Question, there seems within
the last two days to be an under current among
certain influential parties, indicative of the belief
that the Emperor of Russia will acquiesce in the
note which Turkey has already accepted. Suppos-
ing the old treaties to be renewed, this is not at all
a matter for surprise. It has been remarked that
although very heavy money sales have been made
there are counter purchases for time, and that already
some Bull accounts have been carried over. Until the
19th or 20th of this month, the reply of the Emperor
of Russia is scarcely expected, unless some extra-
ordinary exertion be used to get it here before the
meeting of Parliament. Many shrewdly suspect
that such exertion will be made,. as the Ministry
may be desirous of announcing something definite,
so as to disarm the Opposition that has strength-
ened against them. As far as the speculative ac-
count in the funds is concerted, the operators for
a fall are very cautious, and probably are still
" out" to a large amount. If, therefore, stock be
taken upon the account day to any extent, prices
may rise more than would perhaps be justified by
the news received. Consols opened at 92a and
have since been 92k to 93k. This is an advance cf
about per cent. The New Three-and a-Quarter
per Cents. are 931 to 94g, and the Three per Cents.
921 to 93k. Exchequer Bills are ls. lower, being
78. to 10s. premium, and India Bonds are par to
4s. premium. Bank Stock has declined fully 1 per
cent., being 216. -
There is not much activity in Foreign Stocks,
though prices are generally steady. Mexican
Bonds are firm, being 23%, and Equador are 41.
Grenada Deferred Bonds are heavy, at 6/ ; Peru-

vian 3 per Cents. firm, at 47 ; and Brazilian 4i
per Cents. are marked 91. Russian 5 per Cents.
are supported at 108 to 109. Spanish 3 per Cents.
are scarcely so good, being 42 to k. Dutch Bonds
are flatter, the 24 per Cents. being 61k, and the
4 per Cents. 94k.
The last week's railway receipts, ascertained up
to this day, are in round figures as under :

1854. 1853.
North-Western

South-Western .

8,956

9,501

Brighton
Caledonian, and Edin. and Glasgow 14,175 13,633
Great Northern

*lncluding proportion of traffic previously under agree.
ment with the North Staffordshire Company.

In Railway Shares there is not much business
doing, but quotations have sympathised in the
advance in English Stocks, and the principal lines
are generally about ss. to 10s. better. French
Shares are also higher.
Gold Mines are very dull. Bank Shares have
risen, but transactions are limited.. Union of
Australia have advanced 1/. Land Shares have
improved, the Australian Agricultural, about 1/.
to 1/. 10s., but not much is doing.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Oficial List. )

Business done.
Bank Stock ... .................. .................. 216
i per Cent. Reduced Annuities .. 92,.T 3 I
3 per Cent Consols Annuities 92i 3
New 31 per Cent. Annuities 93i 4 3i 4a
India Bonds, £lOOO .. ... _..:..
Ditto, under 21000 4 p par
Consols for Opening 18th Jan. 92ii 3
. Exchequer Bills, ld.
£lOOO
.2500
Small lO 7 P
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
nrazllian Bonds, 5 per Cent. , —
Ditto New, 1852, 4 Per Cent .1..
New Brazilian Bonds, 1829 & 39, 5 Per Cent 9O.
Equador Bonds .......
Grenada Bonds, Deferred
Mexican 3 per Cent.
Peruvian 3 per Cent . ............
Russian Bonds, 1822,
5 per Cent. £St
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent .......... .
x d
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Balgian!,Bonds 4i per Cent. ex. 25 fr
Dutch Exchange, 2i per Cent. 12 GLIB 613 x d
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certiaeates ......

HALF•PAST TWO.
Consols for Opening 18th January ..... .• .. 92 3 x d

DEPARTURE OF TEE AMERICAN MAILS.—On Tues-
day forenoon the United States mail steam-ship Atlantic,
Captain West, took her departure from the Mersey, for
New York, with the usual mails for the United States,
Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland,
&c., 56 passengers, and a large and general cargo of mer-
chandise on freight.
FIRE IN WHITECHAEEL.—Yesterday morning, shortly
before 4 o'clock, a fire broke out on the premises belong-
ing to Mr. N. Brassatt, a German lodging-house pro-
prietor, 1, Colchester-street, Leman-street, Whitechapel,
which was nearly attended with a most fearful sacrifice
of human life. The discovery was made, by Police-con-
stable 78, of the H division, who sprung his rattle, and,
after repeatedly knocking at the door, succeeded in
arousing the proprietor of the house, who set about
awakening the various lodgers. They made an attempt
to descend by the stairs, but the density of the smoke
forced them to retreat, when two male lodgers made
their appearance at the first floor window and jumped
out. Fortunately, they were caught by the constable on
duty, and received no injury. At that moment Samuel
Wood, the conductor of the Royal Society's fire-escape,
arrived with his machine from the Whitechapel station,
when he beheld 4 children screaming at one of the front
windows, with their parents, the father having been ill for
some time. At the windows of the floor above were four
male lodgers hanging by their hands from thewindow sills.
The conductor lost no time in adjusting the apparatus
in front of the building, and succeeded in rescuing
the four men, and then went up again and brought
down the four children, their father and mother. By
the time the residents were extricated, the parish engine
arrived, and was followed by two others of the London
establishment, from the Jeffrey and Wellclose squares
station. An abundant supply of water was then flowing
from the mains of the East London Company. The
parish engineer and firemen of the brigade went to work
in admirable style, and fortunately succeeded-in confining
the flames to the lower part of the premises.
BELGIUM.—Upon the representation of Lord Bloom-
field as to the unseemly discomforts to which English
worshippers were exposed in the celebration of their
public worship, the King of Prussia has granted a wing
of one of his palaces, which is to be fitted up as a chapel
for the use of English residents or English visitors to the
Prussian capital. A certain sum of money is to be
raised by subscription for providing the chapel with
sittings, pulpit, organ, &c.,and all other appliances which
rnav neoo9ary f)r th., cdobration Divl,l3
The act is a most liberal one on the part of the King.—
Continental

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

VICTORY BY THE TURKS AT KALAFAT.

The French Government received on Tuesday a
despatch from Constantinople, announcing a great
victory gained by Omer Pacha over the Russians
in the neighbourhood of Kalafat. The Russians,
who were more numerous than the Turks, had from
25,000 to 30,000 engaged. It is said, besides, that
the great majority of the population of Lesser
Wallachia have risen against the Russians, and the
victory now gained by Omer Pacha is expected to
decide such parts of the country as might still hesi-
tate to join the insurgents. This insurrection would
appear to be of an infinitely more general character
than the partial outbreaks already reported from
other quarters. Constantinople is said to be in the
greatest joy and enthusiasm ; the disaster of Sinope
is almost forgotten in the delight caused by the
signal advantage now gained.
The news thus received is said to have produced
a profound impression on the French Council of
Ministers, which was convoked immediately on the
arrival of the despatch at the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs.

It is said that the advantage thus obtained by
the Turkish arms was not confined to a single en-
counter, but that several took place—at Sistowa,
and on the Danube in front of Isatchka and
Matschin. The date given of these actions is the
19th December.

The Trieste Zeitung announces, under date of
Constantinople, January 2d, that three Persian
corps were marching against Erzeroum, Bagdad,
and towards the Persian Gulf. If this be true, the
English and Turkish envoys will have left Teheran.
Admiral Lyons was to leave Beycos on the 2d.

A telegraphic despatch, dated Odessa, Dec. 24,
says that all Russian ships of war in the Black Sea
have been ordered to assemble at Sebastopol.
Another despatch dated Vienna, Wednesday,
says :—"Telegraphic despatches from Hermann-
stadt announce that a serious engagement has taken
place at or in the vicinity of Kalafat. Cars were
arriving at Krajova filled with the wounded.
Krajova is placed in a state of Beige, and the com-
mandant has threatened to visit with the severest
punishment all who shall disseminate disquieting
reports. As the victory is not ascribed to the
Russians, it is supposed here that they have
again been beaten. It is believed that the Russians
were the attacking force, as, a day or two before
the arrival of the wounded, the public were offi-
cially admonished, without apparent motive, to
keep perfectly quiet and not to be unduly concerned
at anything which might take place."
In reference to the above intelligence, the Paris
correspondent of the Times, dated yesterday,
says :—" I noticed yesterday the report of some
advantages of having been obtained in Little Wal-
lachia by the Turks, the out-manoeuvring of the
Russian. General Fischback by the Ottoman Com-
mander, and the withdrawal of the Russians
behind the Aluta. The Patrie of last night also
mentions a rumour which (it says) it has reason
to believe to be completely well-founded, that the
Turkish army of the Danube.has obtained a signal
victory at Kalafat over a Russian corps of from
20,000 to 25,000 men. The same journal states,
from Constantinople, that the Turks have also
obtained advantages in Asia. It appears that the
inhabitants of the Sandjac of Paskot-Tchai, ,and
those of the Sandjac of Tchaldia, on whom the
Russians appears to have entirely reckoned, had
declared openly for the Sultan. The Patrie also
states that a telegraphic despatch confirms the
news given in the English journals of the entry of
the combined fleets into the Black Sea on the 3rd.
Six ships of the line remained at Beycos to guard
the entrance of the Bosphorus, and the second
division of the Ottoman fleet was at anchor at
Therapia.
" On inquiry I learn that the report about Ka-
lafat is founded on a despatch from Constantinople,
dated the 31st, and brought by the Chaptal, which
only arrived yesterday at Marseilles after a passage
of 10 days. Such intelligence, if it be true, ought
to have been known at Vienna before this, as the

combat (for an affair with a Russian corps of 20,000
or 25,000 men can scarcely be called a skirmish)
must have taken place nearly three weeks ago.
It is true that the line of communication from Ka-
lafat. to Vienna is in possession of the Russians,
and this may account for a considerable delay. In
no official quarter here are any details known—no-.
thing more, in fact, than what has been communi-
cated by the telegraph from Marseilles."
The intelligenCe relative to the advantages gained
by Omer Pacha over from 25,000 to 30,000 Rus-
sians, at Kalafat, arrived in Paris by two channels
at the same time—from the French consul at Bu-
charest, and from General Baraguay d'Hilliers,
who wrote his account at the moment of the de-
parture of the Chaptal, which arrived on Tuesday
at Toulon. The despatch of the French General
announced at the same time that the united squa-
drons were on the point of convoying 15,000
Turkish troops to Batoum, and that Schamyl had
safely received all the ammunition and military
stores which had been forwarded to him.

A private despatch, via Trieste, has been received
from Constantinople, dated the 2d of January. It
announces that an Imperial Irade had been pub-
lished announcing the acceptance of the proposi-
tions. Mustapha Pacha, commanding the Imperial
Guard, had resigned. Two Poles have been ap-
pointed Generals of Brigade in Asia. Lord Dudley
Stuart was at Varna.

A letter from St. Petersburg, received two days
ago, says that it is difficult to give an idea of the
rage of the Emperor Nicholas on learning the reso-
lution of the Vienna conference. He was so
affected that for two days few cared or dared to
approach him.
On the 26th ult. it was known at Constantinople,
says a letter from that capital, that a Russian
squadron, composed of three sail of the line and
several frigates, had been cruising for several days
in the Black Sea. On the 22d they were seen at a
distance of three or four miles from the entrance of
the Bosphorus.
From Bucharest, Jan. 4, we learn that since the
29th of December there have been 40,000 men of
the corps under Osten-Sacker.' in Wallachia. In
Bessarabia a new concentration of troops is going
on. Near Kreruanzoff and Charcow preparations
are made for the establishment of two camps of
cavalry. Each will be composed of 10,000 men.
The park of artillery near Giurgevo is composed of
100 guns of large calibre ; that of Galatz consists
of 120 guns. The construction of the intrench-
ments near Bucharest continues north and south.
Two companies of sappers have arrived for that
purpose from Giurgevo at Bucharest. The offen-
sive movements of the Russians have commenced
on a grand scale. The corps of Osten-Sacken ad-
vances in the midst of ice. The Russian forces in
Lesser Wallachia advance in three columns. The
corps which will operate against Kalafat is esti-
mated at 22,000 men. The second marches through
Karakal, and the third along the Aluta. The in-
surrection of the peasants in Lesser Wallachia
may be considered as quelled.
A letter from Trebizond of the 20th of Decem-
ber announces that three Turkish steam-frigates,
despatched from Constantinople with arms and am-
munition for the eircassians, had completely suc-
ceeded in their object. The frigates had returned
in safety to Constantinople. Schamyl had ob-
tained some brilliant success. He had reached
Nukhily, called likewise Nouka. He had de-
stroyed the bazaar of the town, and dispersed the
Russians who endeavoured to defend it. Having,
arrived there, Schamyl was apprised of the ad-
vance of the Turks to Gunbut, but the indolence
and incapacity of Abdi Pasha prevented their junc-
tion, and the Russians saw Schamyl return to his
mountains. Selim Pasha, General-in-Chief of the
armies of Batoum and of Tchourougson, had re-
ceived a despatch from Emin Effendi, Schamyl's
lieutenant in Abasia, announced that he had taken
possession of the arms and ammunition brought
by the Turkish frigates, and that he was about to
march to Soukoum Kale, where he should certainly
meet a Russian division. News was impatiently
expected at Trebizond from that quarter. The
Turkish defeats at Akiska and Alexandropol are
confirmed. Abdi Pasha lost 25 pieces of artillery,
3,000 killed, and 4,000 wounded. The courier,
who arrived on the 15th of December at Erzeroum,
from Kars, brought news to Trebizond that the
Russians were within six hours' march of Kars.
The Russian agents expected that they would
march against that fortress, but it appears that
the Russians did not enter the Turkish territory,
either because they were not sui,pliea with the
moaa.t.4 of conveying their artillery, or on account
of the excessive cold and the heavy fall of snow

General Guyon (Kurschid Pasha), who dis-
tinguished himself in the Hungarian insurrection,
had arrived at Kars, furnished with full authority,
and he had immediately adopted measures to im-
prove the organisation of the army. The troops
appeared to have full confidence in this General.
• The Medical Press of Bucharest says that there
are 11,000 Russians on the sick list in the Princi-
palities.
The Gazette of Silesia states, on the authority
of letters from Bucharest, of the 28th ult., that the
rumour of the Turks having taken by storm the
town of Karakal, in Lesser Wallachia, was well
founded.
The Journal de St. Petersbourg of the 2d, says :
—" General Prince Woronzoff states that from
the 12th to the 16th ult. nothing of importance had
taken place on the Asiatic frontier of the Trans-
Caucasian provinces. According to well-authenti-
cated information, which had been received during
that interval, the loss of the enemy in the battles
of Akhaltsyk and Basch-Kaclyk-Lar amounted to
more than 12,000 men in killed, wounded, and
deserters, without reckoning the militia, who had
returned to their homes. The two Turkish corps
defeated in those battles were composed of 28,000
regular infantry, 7,000 regular cavalry, and 19,000
militia. The enemy's force, which reassembled at
Kars, after these defeats, numbered 19,000. Among
the principal officers lost by the Turks were Ibra-
him Paella, two commandants of regiments, and 5
majors killed, and 4 majors wounded."
One or two private letters from Constantinople,
of the 26th, speak of the hostility which still sub-
sists between Mehemet Ali Pasha and Redschid,
and there is some apprehension that it may occa-
sion future trouble. Mehemet Ali is decidedly hos-
tile to any compromise and to any pacific arran,e-
ment, and however his warlike ardour may be
censured, yet it proceeds less from religious fanati-
cism than from exalted patriotism. He makes no
pretensions to the character of a statesman, and in
the arts of diplomacy he very willingly yields the
palm to Redschid. But we learn from persons
who know him well, that he is incapable of a dis-
loyal act. He is a frank blunt soldier, occasionally
brusque in manner, and more accustomed to the
language of the camp than of the Court. Of his
devotedness to the person of the Sultan, to whose
sister he is married, there is no doubt ; and if his
language be sometimes strong, it is straightforward.
In his moments of excitement he uses as little cere-,
mony with the Sultan as with his colleagues.
His Imperial brother-in-law is much attached
to him. The Sultana, wife of Mehemet, is the only
surviving married sister of the Sovereign, and this
circumstance is also much in favour of the warlike
Minister. In many points of his character ho re-
sembles Marshal Lannes, who used also to address
the Emperor Napoleon in a way no Marshal or
Minister would venture to do, and he no doubt
looks upon diplomatists pretty much with the
same contemptuous impatience as the rude Generals
of the first Republic, or the Marshals of the Em-
pire, were wont to regard the avocats.
We are now enabled to give a fuller account of
the two Imperial hatti-scheriffs, which are intended
to regulate the future political condition of Servia,
and are now on their way to Belgrade. In the
first hatti-scheriff it is explained how the Sublime
Porte, since the war has commenced between it
and Russia, no longer holds itself bound to respect
the treaties with Russia, and that, therefore, all
treaties hitherto concluded with that Power—as
that of Rutchuk-Kainardji, Bucharest, Akerman,
and Adrianople—are not to be regarded as valid.
In the second hatti-scheriff the Sublime Porte
confirms, out of consideration for the loyalty and
fidelity of Servia, the rights granted on the basis of
the Russo-Turkish treaty, the independent inter-
nal government of the land, free election of their
princes with reserve of the approval of the Sultan.
It also declares Servia free from all duties towards
Russia as a protecting power, and it leaves it open
to Servia to place itself under the protection of the
four Powers.

The Servian Government (without the consent
of which doubtless this hatti-scheriff would not
have been issued), will seize upon this opportunity
to place the political existence of the land under
the protection of the great Powers, so as to esta-
blish it on a firmer basis for the future.

An aide-de-camp of the Sultan has arrived at
the camp of Omer Pasha, bringing him orders to
continue the military preparations, seeing that no
armistice has been concluded.