The Sun.
London, England, 1838-09-20 00:00:00

Zin 1-till,+

ITH WHICH •
THE « TRUE SUN " IS NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
THURSDAY EVENING. SEPTEMBER 20, 183 S.

As was anticipated, the duty on corn is this week
up to 2s. Bd. The average for the last six weeks,
published to-day, was 725. 2d., while the average for
the last week was 645. 2d. The average for the
week before was 70s. 2d., and the week before that
745. sd. Thus the markets generally, notwithstand-
ing the exertions said to be made to produce a con-
trary effect in some quarters, are falling very rapidly.
We apprehend that this circumstance is explained by
what we said yesterday, while it confirms our remark.
The owners of bonded corn nlay not be in a hurry to
bring it to market, because they know the farmers
must sell their corn. All the monied classes are well
aware of the cor,iition of the farmer, and when they
have got into their hands, as they pretty speedily will,
the bulk of the farmers' produce, at as great a reduc-
tion of price as possible, then prices will again
rise. As long as the bulk of the farmers, who,
as we have stated, are obliged to sell, have
torn to dispose of, the markets will probably keep
down. The farmers may depend on it, that as long as
money regulates prices, and the quantity of money can
be determined by the Bank of England, in union with
the monied classes—such as merchants, bankers, and
others—they never will be suffered to profit by the
variations of the market. Those who command the
markets, and whose exclusive business it is to buy and
sell with a view to profit, will never allow the farmer
to have a share in their advantages. We showed,
yesterday, that the Devil'slaws enhance the obliga-
tions of the debtor-farmers. Now, that enhancement
is positive, certain, and constant. They enter volun-
tarily into it ; hut the rise in the markets in consequence
of the Devil's-laws, by which they hope to repay
themselves, is contingent, uncertain, and variable. So
much depends on those who command the money, that
the farmer;, we believe, are never allowed to obtain
the contingent advantages they expect, while the
positive and certain obligation is only to be got rid of
or diminished by a plea of poverty and pauperism.
We saw yesterday an ode, by Mr. D'lsaA ELI, to the
Yeomen of Bucks, in which the independence of the
Chandos men was lauded to the skies ; but according
to our view of those whose rents are annually abated
out of charity, or whose tithe composition is lessened
as a favour, it would be as rational to chaunt to the
slaves in the Brvzils of freedom, or to the inmates of a
Poor house of independence, as to chaunt of those
virtues to the present race of farmers. They are a
debtor class, and so they will continue as long as they
consent to be the instruments of the landlords to de-
fraud the publ;c.
We must also beg the farmers to observe that the
average price which they now receive for new wheat
is 645. 2d., while the average which determines the
duty is 725. 2d. If the duty were proportionate, accord-
ing to the varying scale, to the price at which they are
selling their corn, it would he 225. Bd., whereas it is
2s. Bd. What a gulled and cheated race are the
farmers ; but let then notice that they are gulled an:i
cheated by their own dishonest cupidity. When they
join us in getting rid of the Corn-laws their delusion
sa iil be at an end.

Whatever obstacles may be encountered by the
originators of Railway projects in Ireland,
it must be
generally adrnitted that the success which has attended
such undertakings in this country, is all but miracu-
twenty years ago would
lons. The man who only
have predicted that, in the year 1838, not only would
the Catholics be emanoipated, the Reform Bill car-
ried, Slavery abolished, the Duke of CUMBERLAND
exle:l tO ifanovcr for I,fe, but that in the in.
cr.d:h'y sly-rt t'rnc. of Your hours nod a half, people
could journey from Loudon to B;fluinglrun, would have
been, lid the unanimous voice of the nation, consigned
to the care of the keeper of a lunatic asylum. And
yet, in the brief period here assumed, not only have
these v. orders been aceJmplishedt but hat would
then have appeared still more a dream of
the imagination, the Vnited States have been
brou.;lit within a fourteen days' voyage of Eng-
land, exclusive of the influences of wind, tide,
and current. The Americana are in fact, as near
to us now, as regards distance measuted by time, as
the people of Ireland were forty years ago ; and as
reL:ards safety and. regularity of intercourse, much
Dearer than the inhabitants of Edintitirgh were at the

beginning of the eighttretftli century. A card deli-
vered or. Mon(ltty in London may contain all invita-
tion to dinner on Wednesday in Dublin, without en-
tailing upon the person to whom it may be addressed
the slightest necessity of disappointing his hospitable
Irish friend. One may almost dress in Grosvenor-
quare or Park-lane, for a dinner at the Vice Regal
Lodge, Phcenix-park, or a ball at the Castle ; and, ac-
cording to the prediction of an Irish friend of ours, a
Cockney may, by-and-bye, travel to the Scottish capital
in a shorter time than it would occupy him to
remain at home I The moral effect which this
freedom of intercourse must have, not cnly upon
every part of the United Kingdom, but upon the
whole of Western Europe, and the Americas, North
and South, is beyond all calculation. All: pr 0;.:,„,„,
based on local errors will disappear.
t.or when travel
involves neither the sacrifice much time, the ap-
prehension of
;tanaer,heavy
, nor the certainty of ex-
pense,tt_,creare e few among the young, the sanguine,
and
inquiring, who will be content to receive all
knowledge of their neighbours at second hand.
Opinions will be interchanged with bales of merchan-
dize ; and not a steam-ship will pass and repass between
England and the United States, without adding to the
popular friendly feeling in both countries. Regarded
as a question of police, the progress of steam by land
and water is of the utmost importance to every nation.
The passions cannot be regulated by steam, but the
means of controling and coercing them can be most
effectually augmented by it. Thus, with a good Rail-
way communication in Ireland, 5,000 soldiers
could be rendered more effective for the preven-
tion of disorders in that country than 20,000
without any such mode of speedy transit. The
value tof capital would increase in nearly the same
ratio in which the numerical strength requisite for its
protection would decrease. This argument is as ap-
plicable to England as to Ireland ; though not exactly
in a similar and equally limited sense ; and that it is
generally understood, would appear from the immense
exertions which the different Railway Companies are
making to complete the several lines in which they
are respectively engaged. On Monday the whole
line from London to Birmingham was traversed
for the first time, simultaneously with the open-
ing of half the line between London and Southamp-
ton. Of these wonderful works we are decidedly of
opinion that the Southampton line will in time exer-
cise the greater influence upon the commercial relations
of the metropolis. The completion of the Southamp-
ton Railway will be speedily followed by the erection
of magnificent docks, and the clearing out of a har-
bour which may easily be made one of the finest,
safest, and most convenient in England. With an ex-
tensive harbour sheltered by the Isle of Wight, and
in an excellent situation for becoming the emporium of
British traffic in the Mediterranean, Southampton
must necessarily become a town of very great
commercial importance. The docks, we under-
stand, will be commenced immediately under the
superintendence of Mr. BURGE, the well-known con-
tractor of the St. Catherine's Docks, and no labour
will be spared to have one ready for the reception of
shipping early in the Spring. In the mean time the
French Government, by improving the harbour at
Dieppe, and making a Railway from that port to
Paris, have so cordially co-operated with us, that
when the London and Brighton Railway is finished,
the Capitals of England and France will only be
separated by a distance of twelve hours' travel i Only
think of going to Paris on Saturday, and returning
again to London on the following Monday ! Here we
have the seeds of the mightiest moral revolutions that
the world has ever yet witnessed.

The paragraph which we copy from the Morning
Chronicle, concerning the reported meeting of Corn
Factors in Mark-lane, will convince our readers that
our appreciation of the report yesterday was correct.
It was not only, as we described it, an unjust, but a
malicious, fabrication.

The Brighton Patriot, one of the few out-and-out
advocates which the Chartists find in the Press, says
that it cannot understand our observations on the
Corn-laws. We are sorry, but not surprised, to hear
that—because the Chartists have not studied the bear-
ings of the Corn-laws, and they are therefore, though
they write about them, lamentably ignorant of many of
their mischievous effects. If they had studied the
question, they would not have required us to enter into
any argument to prove, as we did on Friday, that the
Corn-laws alone enable the landlords to throw the
whole burden of the tithes on the consumer ; and that,
but for those laws, the whole of the tithes would be
paid out of rent—and that then the landlords and the
clergy, quarrelling, as they most assuredly would,
about their respective shares—as in fact they are now
quarrelling—would be easily and justly mastered by
the aspiring democracy. We are sorry that the
Chartists do not understand this ; but it arises from
their having had their attention exclusively directed,
by those who assume to be their only friends, to the
errors—which they admire and imitate—of the very
classes they pretend to despise, and loudly condemn.
The Brighton Patriot is equally unjust and ignorant.
It asserts that The Sun is the property of Mr. D. W.
HARVEY, when the fact is that the True Sun was
bought from him by the Proprietor of The Sun, and
he has no influence whatever over The Sun, nor has
he suggested one word that has been written on the
Corn-laws. The assertions of the Patriot concerning
The Sun arc as false, it must permit us to say, as its
want of comprehension is contemptible.

The geology of MOSES, as opposed to modern
geology, having been made by the Times a subject of
newspaper comment, excites a great deal of public at-
tention. We publish to-day two of the many letters
we have received on the subject. Both direct attention
to the fact that auording to the description of MOSES
the creation of the earth, the sun, the moon, and all
the stars, were all intended only to serve the purposes
or man ; whereas man is but a poor part of the creation,
the earth is only a small fraction of it, the sun and
all our planetary system are insignificant portions of
the whole, while the host of stars, each of which is a
sun, having worlds and systems like our own, are
spoken of by Moses as things of no importance, which
were merely thrown in as a little ornament to the earth.
Let us tell the Times, and tell the priesthoo:l, who get
a large revenue by practising on the fears and hopes of
mankind, that their system is as contrary to religion as
it is to science. The narrow, stinted description of
the creation given by the semi-barbarians of ancient
Egypt and Palestine, is as unworthy of the great CREA-
TOR, such as He is faintly revealed to us by modern
knowledge, as it is contradicted by numerous facts.

By the arrival of the Ave Line at Liverpool yes-
terday, we have received New York Papers to the
29th ult., inclusive, from which abundant extracts will be
found in another part of The Sun. The commercial
news is not altogether so favourable as we had expected.
From Canada the news is more gratifyinz. In the
Upper and Lower Provinces trabquillity-appeared to
be generally restored ; and as a first step towards the
a:!option of a new order of things, Lord DURHAM
heal summoned the Governors of the British posses-
sions in North America to meet him at Montreal, to
take into consideration the plan of a new Constitution.

news in the Paris Jotirnals of The only interesthig
Tuesday is the semi-official notification of the removal
of all differences In;ween France
.and 'iVlexico, and