The Sun.
London, England, 1853-12-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 19, 1853.

steamed to the next pier, bearing the appropriate
name of " Row," and subsequently went to
" Rowmore," and at each place levelled the ob-
structions to the earth. At length' the irate
potentate went to law, and there his defeat has
been no less signal—the Judges having unani-
mously refused the interdict which he claimed,
declaring that there was no law that prohibited a
steamer, or auy other vessel from sailing on the
Clyde, or entering Gareloch on Sundays more
than any other days. The Sabbath question was
thus summarily disposed of. The only point
deemed worthy of notice was that as to the per-
sonal right of the pursuer, and that, it appeared,
could not apply, even if well founded (on which
the Court pronounced no opinion). If his own
case was correct, the piers were places of public
resort, thrown open on payment of certain tolls
or dues, and he could not wantonly or capri-
ciously exclude persons willing to pay such tolls.
We trust that this unseemly litigation may now
be suffered to drop, and that Sir JAMES CoL-
QUHOTJN and his advisers and abettors may rest
satisfied with henceforth acting in accordance
with their own views and opinions, whatever they
may be, without attempting to regulate the con-
sciences or control the actions of others just as
competent to form a correct judgment respecting
their duties as themselves. A display of greater
charity and forbearance might have a better effect
than all the bludgeonmen that could be ranged
along the shore in order to resist a landing.

MONEY MARKET

AND
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.

The sales of cotton at Liverpool on Saturday
wore ;estimated at 6,000 bales, all to the trade.
Ths market closed firmly, without alteration in
prices. The sales comprised 5,400 American, 200
Egyptian aik 6Ad. to 9d., and 400 Surat at 21d. to
41d. per lb. Railway shares were firm.
The corn trade has been very brisk, and wheat is
3s. to 4s, dearer. Foreign buyers still operate
largely.
The letters by the steamer from New York have
not yet been delivered, but the outline of the news
is regarded as favourable.

There are no later advices from foreign parts,
with the exception of the Continent. The state of
business there, as usual about Christmas, is quieter.
The impolicy of giving a monopoly of railway
communication in India to ono company we have
all along maintained, and the following remarks
by one who has recently travelled over the ground
will show the slow progress making, as well as the
importance of the Upper India line

"From Calcutta to Delhi runs the Grand Trunk
Road, nine hundred miles long ; one of the few good,
though late, results of the East India Com",^ny's rule.
This journey was to get over by Dawk trar"ding, and
my purpose now is to explain what manner of travelling
that is. Dawk travelling is no more like railway
travelling, than a donkey race is like the New-
market St. Leger. It is more suggestive of the
progress of Indian railways. They have a line at Bom-
bay something longer than its own name when it is
printed in large capitals ; Bengal can only show a very
few miles of embankment that have for the last two or
three years been nearly finished, and some cuttings
which sanguine people say will be available in about a
year ; Madras talks languidly about railways, and the
north-west provinces have got as far as thinking of them.
India has not yet even come up to the advancement of
Our old pair-horse or four-horse coach. The traffic 1111
the way from Allahabad had been immense. The road
was in some places almost blocked up with trains of
waggons, strings of camels, carriages, and cattle of all
kinds."

The shareholders of the Dijon and Besancon
company are informed that the interest due Ist
January, 1854, fixed at Of. 75c. per share, will be
payable after that date, on presentation of the
second coupon in Paris, at the offices of the com-
pany, 52, Rue Saitbout ; London, at Messrs. C.
Deveaux and Co., 62, King William-street, City.
The holders of obligations for the Paris and
Orleans Loan of 1852 are informed that the last
instalment of 100 francs, per obligation, less 7f.
50c. for interest, should be made on or before the
IstJanuary next, after which day interest will be
charged at 5 per cent. per annum.

Shareholders in the Lyons and Geneva are in-
formed, that interest at the rate of 4 per cent. per
annum will be paid at the offices, 2, Capel-court,
on and after the 6th of January next., _

Certificates of shares must be deposited, to have
the interest stamped thereon.
There has been a firmer market for English
securities, but without an extensive business
doing. The principal dealings have been in New
Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents., which opened at
96k, but have gone back upon a sale by the
broker, who usually acts for the Bank of England,
to 95g. The price has since rallied again, and is
now better. The premium on Exchequer-bills is
flatter, at 2s. to ss. East India Bonds are par to 4s.
pm. There has been a bargain in Reduced Three
per Cents. at 94g. Consols, after being 94i, have
improved to 94g
The Foreign Securities have been very quiet, but
maintain their value. Spanish Three per Cents.
have been done at 46k, and the New Deferred at
22. Mexican Stock has been quoted 241 : Bra:.
zilian New Four-and-a-Half per Cents. have been
93k, Belgian Four-and-a-Half per Cents. are worth
96, and Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents. have
been done at 98/ to
The Railway Share Market has been without any
material feature, the prices being generally main-
tained for the English lines. The Belgian also are
Gold Mine Shares have been a little brisker at
the previous rates, and the Land Companies'
Shares are in favour. Oriental Bank are better.

Australian Consols Shares are " buyers" at per
share.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAN.
(Prom the Official List.)

Business done.
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 94s 1.3
New 31 per Cent. Annuities 95- 6i 5i 6i
India Bonds, 21000
Ditto, under £lOOO par 4 p
Oonsols for Opening 18th Jan.
Exchequer Bills, Id.
£l000
£5OO 2 5 p
Small 2 5 p
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. 99
Ditto New, 1852, 41 per Cent ..
Mexican 3 per Cent.
Peruvian Bonds, 3 per Cent.
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent
giDitto 3 per Cent
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £ St ll4
Ditto 46 per Cent 9Bl
Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent............
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent. 22
Dividends on the above payablein London.
Belgian Bonds 4i per Cent. ex. 25 fr
THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols for Opening 18th January 941 a d

SOUTH AMERICA.

BUENOS AYRES, OCT. 28 ; Nov. 2.

All the provinces of this river are tranquil, and the
doctrine of peace and industry is being followed through-
out the country. A great improvement in our social
position is already apparent--questions of conflicting in-
terests being discussed in the House of Representatives
and the public journals, fairly and openly, without any
Government interference or bias, or any popular commo-
tion on the other hand. Judicious measures must con-
sequently be the effect ; and certainly the Plate pro
winces never promised so well, and we have the greatest
confidence in their growing importance both as respects
exports of produce and consumption of imports.
Our new Government stands as follows, viz.:—
Dr. Dn. P. Obligada, Governor and Captain-General
of the Province. _ _

Dr. Dn. Irinco Portela, Minister of Government.
Dr. Dn. Juan R. Pena, Minister of Finance.
Col. Dn. Man. Escalada, Minister of War.
The proposed reduction of duties are under discussion
in the Sala, and are all but certain of being carried.
Exchange, 68s. 6d. Doubloons, $3OO.

MONTE VIDEO, Nov. 3.
The change of Government and the revolution which
has taken place here were effected pacifically, the coun•
try in general making no opposition to the new state of
things. Prospects are gradually improving, and after
the elections are over at the end of November more
activity in business is looked for.
Exchange, 421.

THE UNITED STATES.

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
The following are the important passages of the
First Message of President Pierce to the Congress
of the United States, convened at Washington,
on the sth December :
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate, and of the House
of Representatives
The interest with which the people of the Republic
anticipate the assembling of Congress, and the fulfil-
ment, on that occasion, of the duty imposed upon a
new President, is one of? the best evidences of their ca-
pacity to realise the hopes of the founders of a political
system at once complex and symmetrical. While the
different branches of the Government are, to a certain
extent, independent of each other, the duties of all,
alike, have direct reference to the source of power. For-
tunately, under this system, no man is so high, and
none so humble, in the scale of public station, as to
escape from the scrutiny, or to be exempt from the re-
sponsibility, which all official functions imply.
Upon the justice and intelligence of the masses, in a
Government thus organised, is the sole reliance of the
confederacy, and the only security for honest and earnest
devotion to its interests, against the usurpations and
encroachments of power on the one hand, and the as-
saults of personal ambition on the other.
The interest of which I have spoken is inseparable
from an inquiring, self-governing community, but
stimulated, doubtless, at the present time, by the un-
settled condition of our relations with several foreign
Powers ; by the new obligations resulting from a sudden
extension of the field of enterprise ; by the spirit with
which that field has been entered, and the amazing
energy with which its resources for meeting the demands
Of humanity have been developed.
Although disease, assuming at one time the charac-
teristics of a wide-spread and devastating pestilence, has
left its sad traces upon some portions of our country, we
have still the most abundant cause . for reverent thank-
fulness to God for an accumulation of signal mercies
showered upon us as a nation. It is well that a con-
sciousness of rapid advancement and increasing strength
pe habitually associated with an abiding senso of de-
pendence upon Him who holds in his hands the destiny
of men and of nations.
Recognising the wisdom of the broad principle of ab-
Solute religious toleration proclaimed in our fundamental
law, and rejoicing in the benign influence which it has
exerted upon our social and political condition, I should
shrink from a clear duty did I fail to express my deepest
conviction that we can place no secure reliance upon any
apparent progress, if it be not sustained by national in-
tegrity, resting upon the great truths affirmed and illus-
treated by divine revelation. In the midst of our sorrow
for the afflicted and suffering, it has been consoling to
See how promptly disaster made true neighbours of dis-
ricts and cities widely separated from each other, and
heering to watch the strength of that common bond of
Frotherhood which unites all hearts, in all parts of this
nion, when danger threatens from abroad, or calamity
mpends over us at home.
Our diplomatic relations with foreign Powers have
undergone no essential change since the adjournment of
the last Congress. With some of them questions of a
disturbing character are still pending, but there are good
reasons to believe that these may all be amicably ad-
justed.

Eel. some years past Great Britain has so construed
the first article of the convention of the 20th of April,
1818, in regard to the fisheries on the north-eastern
coast, so as to exclude our citizens from some of the
fishing grounds, to which they freely resorted for nearly
a quarter of a century subsequent to the date of that
treaty. The United States have never acquiesced in
this construction, but have always claimed for their
fishermen all the rights which they had so long enjoyed
Without molestation. With a view to remove all diffi-
culties on the subject, to extend the rights of our fisher.
men beyond the limits fixed by the convention of 1818,
and to regulate trade between the United States and
the British North American provinces, a negotiation
ipne
di theen t enjoyment
to station oaf
result.
British
fiTs
ho
epr ri
no
et en t
Io our
deemed
efi n
has been opened, with a fair prospect of a favourable
hermitenex
'their rights, and prevent collision between them and
naval force in that quarter during the fishing season.
Embarrassing questions have also arisen between the
two Governments in regard to Central America. Great
Britain has proposed to settle them by an amicable
arrangement, and our Minister at London is instructed
to enter into negotiations on that subject.
' A commission for adjusting the claims of our citizens
against Great Britain, and those of British subjects
against the United States, organised under the conven-
tion of the Bth Februarylast is now sitting in London for
the transaction of business.
It is in many respects desirable that the boundary line
hetween the United States and the British provinces in
the north-west, as designated in the convention of the
15th ofJune, 1848, and especially that part which sepa-
rates the territory of Washington from the British pos-
sessions on the north should be traced and marked. I
therefore present the subject to your notice.
With France our relations continue on the most
friendly footing. The extensive commerce between the
United States and that country might, it is conceived, be
released from some unnecessary restrictions, to the mu•
tual advantage of both parties. With a view to this
subject some progress has been made in negotiating a
treaty of commerce and navigation.
Independently of our valuable trade with Spain, we
have important political relations with her, growing. out
of our neighbourhood to the islands of Cuba and Porto
Rico. I am happy to announce, that since the last
Congress no attempts have been made by unauthorised
expeditions within the United States, against either of
those colonies. Should any movement be manifested
within our limits, all the means at my command
will be vigorously exerted to repre-s it. Several annoy-
ing occurrences have taken place at Havannah, or in the
vicinity of the island of Cuba, between our citizens
and the Spanish authorities. Considering the proximity
of that island to our shores, lying as it does in the track
of trade between some of our principal cities, and the
suspicious vigilance with which foreign intercourse, par-
ticularly that with the United States, is there guarded,
a repetition of such occurrences may well be apprehended.
As no diplomatic intercourse is allowed between our
consul at Havannah and the Captain-General of Cuba,
ready explanations cannot be made, or prompt redress
afforded, where injury has resulted. All complaint on the
part of our citizens, under the present arrangement, must
be, in the first place, presented to this Government, and
then referred to Spain ; Spain again refers it to her local
authorities in Cuba for investigation, arid postpones an
answer till she has heard from those authorities. To
avoid these irritating and vexatious delays, a proposition
has been made to provide for a direct appeal for redress
to the captain-general by our consul, in behalf of our
injured fellow-citizens. Hitherto, the Government of
Spain has declined to enter into any such arrangement.
This course on her part is deeply regretted ; for, without
some arrangement of this kind, the good understanding
between the two countries may be exposed to occasional
interruption. Our Minister at Madrid is instructed to
renew the proposition, and to press it again upon the
consideration of her Catholic Majesty's Government.
For several years Spain has been calling the attention
of this Government to a claim for losses, by some of her
subjects, in the case of the schooner Amistad. This
claim is believed to rest on the obligations imposed by
our existing treaty with that country. Its justice was
admitted, in our diplomatic correspondence with the
Spanish Government, as early as March, 1847 ; and one
of my predecessors, in his annual message of that year,
recommended that provision should be made for its pay-
ment. In January last it was again submitted to Con-
gress by the executive. It has received a favourable
consideration by committees of both branches; but as yet
there has been no final action upon it. I conceive that '
good faith requires its prompt adjustment, and I present
it to your early and favourable consideration.
Martin Koszta, a Hungarian by birth, came to this
country in 1850, and declared his intention, in due form
of law, to become a citizen of the United States. After
remaining here nearly two years, he visited Turkey.
While at Smyrna be was forcibly seized, taken on board
an Austrian brig of war, then lying in the harbour of
that place, and there confined in irons, with the
avowed design to take him into the dominions of
Austria. Our consul at Smyrna and legation at Con-
stantinople, interposed for his release, but their efforts
were ineffectual. While thus imprisoned, Commander
Ingraham, with the United States ship of war St. Louis
arrived at Smyrna, and, after inquiring into the circum-
stances of the case, came to the conclusion that Koszta
was entitled to the protection of this Government, and
took energetic and prompt measures for his release.
Under an arrangement between theagents of the United
States and of Austria he was transferred to the custody
of the French consul-general at Smyrna, there to remain
until he should be disposed of by the mutual agreement of
the consuls of the respective Governments at that place.
Pursuant to that agreement he has been released, and is
now on his way to the United States. The Emperor
of Austria has made the conduct of our officers
who took part in this transaction a subject
of grave complaint. Regarding Koszta as still
his subject, and claiming a right to seize him
within the limits of the Turkish empire, he has de-
manded of this Government its consent to the surrender
of the prisoner, a disavowal of the acts of its agents,
and satisfaction for the alleged outrage. After a careful
consideration of the case, I came to the conclusion that
Koszta was seized without legal authority at Smyrna ;
that he was wrongfully detained on board of the Aus-
trian brig of war ; that at the time of his seizure he was
clothed with the nationality of the United States ; and
that the acts of our officers, under the circumstances of
the case, were justifiable, and their conduct has been
fully approved by me, and a compliance with the several
demands of the Emperor of Austria has been declined.
For a more full account of this transaction and my
my views in regard to it, I refer to the correspondence
between the Charge d'Affaires of Austria and the Secre-
tary of State, which is herewith transmitted. The
principles and policy therein maintained on the part of
the United States will, whenever a proper occasion
occurs, be applied and enforced.
The condition of China at this time renders it pro-
bable that some important changes will occur in that
vast empire which
will lead to a more unrestricted inter-
course with it. The commissioner to that country, who
has been recently appointed, is instructed to avail him-
self of all occasions to open and extend our commercial
relations, not only with the empire of China, but with
other Asiatic nations.
7n 1852 an expedition was sent to Japan, under the
command of Commodore Perry, for the purpose of open-
ing commercial intercourse with that empire. Intelli-
gence has been received of his arrival there, and of his
having made known to the Emperor of Japan the object
of his visit ; but it is not yet ascertained how far the
Emperor will be disposed to abandon his restrictive

policy, and open that populous country to a commercial
intercourse with the United States.

- v
It has been my earnest desire to maintain friendly in-
tercourse with the Governments upon this Continent,and
to aid them in preserving a good understanding among
themselves. With Mexico, a dispute has arisen as to
the true boundary line between our territory of New
Mexico and the Mexican State of Chihuahua. A for-
mer commissioner of the United States, employed in
running that line pursuant to the treaty of Guadeloupe
Hidalgo, made a serious mistake in determining the
initial point on the Rio Grande*; but, inasmuch as his
decision was clearly a departure from the directions for
tracing the boundary contained in that treaty,-and was
not concurred in by the surveyor appointed -on the part
of the United States, whose concurrence was necessary
to give validity to that decision, this Government' is not
concluded thereby ; but that of Mexico takes a different
view of the subject.
There afie also other questions of considerable mag,ni-
*tide pending between the two republics. Our Minister
in Mexico has ample instructions to adjust them. Ne-
gotiations have been opened, but sufficient progress has
not been made therein to enable me to speak of the pro-
bable result. Impressed with the importance of main-
taining amicable relations with that republic,' and of
yielding with liberality to all her just claims, it is rea-
sonable to expect that an arrangement, mutually satis-
factory to both countries, may be concluded, and a last-
ing friendship between them confirmed and perpetuated.
Congress having provided for a full mission to the
States of Central America, a Minister was sent thither
in July last. As yet he has had time to visit only one
of these States (Nicaragua), where he was received in
the most friendly manner. It is hoped that his presence
and good offices will have a benign effect in composing
the dissensions which prevail among them, and in esta-
blishing still more intimate and 'friendly relations be-
tween them respectively, and between each of them and
the United States.

Considering the vast regions of this continent, and the
number of states which would be made accessible by the
free navigation of the river Amazon; particular atten-
tion has been given to this subject. Brazil, through whose
territories it passes into the ocean, hashitherto persisted
in a policy so restrictive, in regard to the use of this river,
as to obstruct, and nearly exclude, foreign commercial
intercourse with the states which lie upon its tributaries
and upper branches. Our minister to that country
is instructed to obtain a relaxation of that policy,
and to use his efforts to induce, the Brazilian Go-
vernment to. open to common use, under proper safe-
guards, this great natural highway for international trade.
Several of the South. American States are deeply in-
terested in this attempt to secure the free navigation of
the Amazon,
.and it is reasonable to expect their co-
operation in the measure. As the advantages of free
commercial intercourse among nations are better under-
stood, more liberal views are generally entertained
as to the common rights of all to the free use of those
means which nature has provided- for international
communication. To these more liberal and • en-
lightened views, it is hoped that Brazil will con-
form herpolicy, and remove all unnecessary restrictions
upon the free use of a river which traverses so many
states, and so large a part of the continent. I am happy
to inform you that the Republic of Paraguay and the
Argentine Confederation have yielded to the liberal
policy 'still resisted by Brazil in regard to the navigable
rivers within their respective territories. Treaties, em-
bracing this subject among others, will be submitted to
the Senate at the present session.
A new branch of oommerce, important to the agri-
cultural interests of the United States, has, within a
few years*past, been opened with Peru. Notwithstand-
ing the inexhaustible deposits of guano upon the islands
of that country, coesiderable difficulties are expe.
rienced in obtaining the requisite supply. Measures
have been taken to remove these difficulties, and to
secure a more abundant importation of the article.
Unfortunately there has been a serious collision between
our citizens who have resorted to the Chincha Islands
for it, and the Peruvian authorities stationed there.
Redress for the outrages committed -by the latter was
promptly denianded by our Minigter at Lima. This
subject is .now *tinder considerationi and there is reason
to believe that Peru is disposed to offer adequate indem-
nity to the aggrieved parties.
We are not thus only at peace with all foreign coun-
tries, but, in regard to political affairs, are exempt from
any cause of serious disquietude in our domestic relations.
The 'controversies, which have agitated the country
heretofore, are passing away with the causes which pro-
duced them, and the passions which they had awakened ;
or, if any traces of them remain, it may be reasonably
hoped that it will only be perceived in the zealous rivalry
of all good citizens to testify their respects forthe rights
of the States, their devotion to the Union, and their
common determination that each one 'of the States, its
institutions, its welfare, and its domestic peace shall be
held alike secure under the sacred nig of the Constitu-
tion. .

The new league of amity, and mutual confidence, and
support into which the people of the republic have
entered; happily affords inducement and opportunity for
the adoption of a more comprehensive and unembarrassed
line of policy and action as to the great material interests
of the country, whether regarded in themselves or in
connexion with the Powers of the civilised world.

The United States have continued gradually and
steadily to expand through acquisition of territory which
however much some of them may
.have questioned,
are now universally seen and admitted to have
been wise in policy, just in character, and a great
element in the advancement of our country, and
with it, of the human race, in freedom, in prosperity,
and in happiness- The 13 States have 'grown to be 31,
with relations reaching to Europe on the one side, and
on the other to the distant realms of Asia.