The Sun.
London, England, 1854-08-16 00:00:00

AUDITORS.

Edward Charrington, Esq. I Captain Robert Gordon, R.N.
Francis D,utnergue, Esq. John Gilliam Stillwell, Esq.
PHYSICILLN—John Ayrton Paris, 11f.D., Cantab., Hon. D.O.L . Oxon
F.R.S., 27, Dover-street (President of the oyal College of Phy-
sicians).

Suaozow—Benjamin Travers, Esq., F.R.S., NO. 54, Green-street

Grosvenor•sgaare

SOLICITOR—Henry Young, Esq., 14. 12, Essex-street, Strand.

ACTUARY—James John Downes, Esq., F.R.A.S.

The advantages offered by this Society are :
ECONOMY combined with Security, and Lower Rates of Premiums
than those of any other office, which entitle the assured to participate
in the profits, and considerably lower than those of any other Mutual
Assurance Society.
The WHOLE of the PROFITS are divided every fifth year among
the Assured, and a Bonus is added, after the payment of the Fifth
Annual Premium to every Policy effected on the participating Scale,
if aclaim accrue thereon prior to the next division of profits.

The sum of 397,0001. was added to Polic es at the last division,
which produced an average BONUS of 671. per cent. ou the Premiums
paid.

- Number of Policies in force 6,600.
The Assurance Fund amounts to 1,340,0001. Income upwards
of 220,0001. per Annum..

No charge for Policy Stamps, nor for Service in the Yeomanry or
Militia Corps.

The subjoined Table shows the advantages offered by this Society,
resulting from low Premiums, and a division of the entire profits
among the Assured:—

611: cs a° , :.,. -L,., '43 1
= ~....„
.=
1-4 " 18 ..9. 4 0
4ad-bR2.O p' Oq
r 4 18.3a-.211gt .59A- 0-6Pot!le)4:q- c°44g,
vs 2;10,252p.. -,,ag2it-.21..-45.E 7°,3a1c11
-4 s-tp7.l, g,'.''4 '''' E 4 ;•-• 2, ')..e,
-4 ..S.l p.-, .1 • ^ g. • - 8,5,,,'e.V.04C, HP..
A E-, 41
•E-.
—.—..-........--_______,—.—...........
X. S. d. £ £ £ 1854. 1854.
20- 21 15 10 • • 1260 260 116 , £l2 £l3BB
30 26 13 5 1205 1.'05 125 i 12 1342
40 33 19 6 1140 140 130 ; 11 1281
50 45 6 0 1030 30 141 I 10 1181

Assurances cted in the current 3 car, 1854, will participate in
the Profit's in 1859.
Prospectuses and MU particulars may be obtained on application to
ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Secretary.

NATIONAL LOAN
ANCE SOCIETY, No.

Estab.lishei

DIED

FUND LIFE ASSUR-
-26, Corohill, London.

A In. 1838.

:TORS

A Campbell Barclay, Esq. John Moss, Esq.
Charles Bennett, Esq. Thomas Nicoll, Esq.
Hugh Croft, Esq.
John Elllotson, F.R.S. E. S. Symes, MD.
J. Leander Starr, Esq.,
Thos. Colley Grattan, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq.
Joseph Thompson, Fsq.
MANAGING DIRECTORS.
J. Leander Starr, Esq. (General). I Chas. Bennett, Esq. (Financial).
AUDITORS.
Professor Wheatstone. F.R.A., and Professor John Radford Young.
MEDICAL EXAMINERS.
J. Elliotson, M.D., F It S., 37, Conduit-street.
E. S. Symes, M.D., 33, Davies-street, Berkeley-square.
ACTUARY. -
W. S. B. Woo Mouse, Esq , F E.A.S., F.S.S., &c.
ASSISTANT ACTUARY.
Barker Wool house, Esq.
RANKERS.
Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 56, Lombard-street.
SOLICITOR.
C. Ewens, Esq . 61, Moorgate-street.
Total number of Policies granted from December, 1852, to
December, 1853 —1,194.
Under the following heads are briefly enumerated the leading
principles of this Society :
OBJECTS OF THE Z-OCIETIN
1. A Life Assurance may be effected either by One Payment, or
by an Annual Premium.
2: Policies may be effected WITH or without the privilege of
withdrawing one-half of the Annual Payments. If with-
out this privilege, the rates are lower.
3. A Life A surance may be effected on the life of another, on
Joint Lives or Survivorships.
vren
4. Annuities, Immediate, Deferred, or Contingent, will be
5. granted;savai ana
Military Endowments
Alen,
not foreign service, as-
sure without extra charge, and allowed to go abroad with-
oat forfeiture of Policy, on payment of an extra Premium,
according to climate. _ _

Prospectuses, Report of last Annual Meeting, Forms of Proposals
for AssuraTico, anfl every deserption of ne,essary Blank Forms, with
Tables of Rates, and full Information on all points, furnished, on ap-
plication at 26, Cornhill, or at any of the Company's Agencies.

NATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION
48, Gracechurch-street, London.
For Mutual Assurance on Lives, Annuities, &c.

DIRECTORS.

Chairman—SAMUEL HAYHURST LUCAS, Esq.
Deputy-Chairman—CHAßLES LUSHINGTON, Esq.
John Bradbury, Esq. Robert M. Holborn, Esq.
•
Thomas Castle, Esq. Robert Ingham, Esq., 31. P.
William Miller Christy, Esq. Robert Sheppard, Esq.
Edward Crowley, Esq. William Tyler, Esq.
John Feltham, Esq. Charles Whetharn, Esq.
Charles Gilpin, Esq.

PHYSICIANS.
J. T. Conquest, M.D., F.L.S. I ThomaS Hodgkin, M.D.
TRUSTEES.
John Feltham, Esq. I Samuel 11. Lucas, Esq. •
Robert Ingham, Esq., M.P. Charles Lushington, Esq.
BANKERS—Messrs. Brown, Janson, and Co., and Bank of England
SOLICITOR —Septimue Davidson, Esq.
CONSULTING ACTU ART—Charles Ansell, Esq., F.R.S.
Extracts from the Report of the Directors for 1853:
The Di-actors con ,ratitlate their fellow-members on the very grati-
fying result of the recently completed Quinquennial Investigation of
the assets and liabilities of the Institution, by which it appears that.
on the 20th Novc.nber, 185 /, after providtmt for the present value of
all the hai.)ll ties in the Life Assurance Department, a surplus re-
mains I of 242,0271. Os. Od., which has been duly apportioned as
heretofore.
" I he reductions range from 5 to 89 per cent. on the original Annual
Premiums, ace riling to the age or the party and the time the Policy
has been in force; and the Bonuses vary in like manner, from 50 to
75 per cent. on the amount of premiums paid during tiro last dye
years.

" The total amount of the reductions per annum for the ensuing five-
years is 33.348/. 17s. 2d
" The Bonuses assigned to those policies on which the original pre-
miums continue to lse paid amount to 89,880/. ss. Od. this, together
with Bonuses apportioned at former divisions, makes an aggregate
addition to the sums as-ured by the Policies in force of. 126,5641 " Notwi ths• anding thee' eat reduction of Prenrnms, the net annual
Income arislng from 12,326 existing Policies is 163.9121. . Id.: +his
sum, with the interest on invested capital, viz, 37,298/. 7s. 34.
Shows a total annual income of 201,210/. 4s. 4d." ,
The amount of Capital exceeds oNE MILLION STERLING.
Merabeis, whose premiums fall due on the Ist July are reminded
that they must be pail within 30 days from that date.
Prospectuseq and all other information may be ootalned on appli-
cation to the Office.
June 24, 1854.

JOSEPH MARSH, Secretary.

HOLIDAY for PARLIAMENT.—Then Par-
are inforlmaemd et nh
that
s H ro
prorogued—theESa holiday
kNli ayd
oins 't to p4ree tae nl ngt
o otnaelt. e We
h
e
measure of Parliamentary duties, but are most ha 0:,133, to measure the
members and their dependents tor the Dress which is admired in
every station for its excellence, fashion, and cheapm ss. They don't
wish to make lows, it being their business to malie clothes for every
person in the world, and we are assured on every hand that their
efforts have met with the most astonishing success in all parts of the
empire.
The C ‘nstituents which have pushed them forward to the repre-
sentation of everybody in the best and most fashionable Dress are
novel and unparalleled moterials, first-rate talent, and unequalled
workmanship applied to ail Articles of Attire. Having worked hard
through a very long ses-ion on every kind of good and correct
measures, it world be reasonable enough for them to claim a holiday.
This, however, they could not do wf bout Intl ctiug an inconvenience
on the public and neglecting their professions, which are to supply
at any Dimwit Dress, Hats, Caps, Hosiery, Boots and Shoes, &c.,
&c., to order or ready-made, celebrated for superiority, elegance,
neat-:ess, novelty, and cheapness.
As commercial transactions and shipping business admits of no
sus,:ension, E. MOSES and SoN's Wholesale Clothing, Shirts, Hosiery,
and Boot and Shoe trade is thoroughly efficient, Captains, Mer-
chants, Shippers, and Emigrants finding the greatest advantages are
derived from outlays, to large or small amounts, in the wholesale
departintnt of E. Mons and SoN's Establishment.
Full LIST:: of OUTFITS for Ladies and Gentlemen, with ship,
sailing information, may be had on application, or post free.
T . MUSES And Sufi regret having to guard the
public against imposition, having learned that the untradesrnan-like
falseh o 1 of " Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's
the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, anu for
obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have
No CONIZXION WITH ANY OTHER, 1101:73Z IN OX OUT OF LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows :
London City Establishment, 154, 155. 156, and 157 Minories, 84,
85 arid 83, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 503, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and 3, Hart-street, ail commuicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fugate.

Colonial Wholesale Branch, Melbourne, Australia.
Merchant Tailor. Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and
Shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
.I:4PORTAN T.—Should any article not give satisfaction, it will be
exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned
without hesitation. All goody are marked in plain figures, the lowest
price, from which no abatement can be made.
The Establishments are closed from sunset on Fridays to sunset
on :Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock.
A now Book, with illustrations, entitled" The Echo of Pablic
Opi-
containing fall lists of prices, our tystem of self-measures-
ment. &c., &c., may be had on appiietrzion, or post-free.
Ici eon parte Francais. QUI si parla Italian.
bier opricAt mss DefitSl2. A45>44 14 halo Sipco

There is no doubt of Bomarsund being soon taken.
The speculation is,—What shall be done with it and
2
the Aland islands when they have fallen into our hands .
The inhabitants of those islands are people of a very
marked chara.ctei. There are usually about 14,000 of
them peopling the group. They have not the stupidity
under Russiannderdiffi ln cul
tpeasants,ies. but can
spring,t thaekcare
.ye
all t of
ill trmee
ground s e themselves
and fish ; in summer, they fish and carry provisions up
and down the Bothnian Gulf, and act as pilots : as
autumn comes on, they gather their harvests, and,
later on, fell wood and salt cattle for use and sale, and
carry fuel and the mail, when to all others the Gulf is
impassable. Every child among them knows every rock,
and creek, and channel of the curious labyrinth amidst
which they live. Eiery man can build a but ; and
every woman can row, and skate, and defend her pro-
perty ag iinst the wolves. These people have for so
long shown themselves up to everything, that we can-
not think it by any means a desperatj lot for French and
English soldiers and sailors to pass a winter among them
—if it should be thought necessary to do so. As they
trade in food and fuel all the winter through, even •up
to Tornea, they may surely be good neighbours to
any
_power that they consider friendly which may hold
the citadel of Bomarsund this winter. And the Czar is
doing everything he can to make the islanders prefer
us to him. He has taken all their strong men to serve
in the forts ; he has burned their dwellings, and even
their woods and crops ; he has laid bare their soil all
around Bomarsund, so that the old men, women, and
children cannot pass the winter there. But there are
other islands at hind, whence help may be bad, or to
which the houseless peasants may go for shelter : and
they are very rich just now. - Sir C. Napier has fixed so
liberal a tariff for the supplies drawn from those islands
that the inhabitants will doubtless be very glad to see
us settled among them, instead of the Russians, who
cut off boys heads for taking our money. Of money they
have plenty just now; and they are only 25 miles from the
Swedish coast, wheFe they-can bu-ytiruber to make them-
selves new huts, as soon as the Russians are gone. Their
market boats will be passingall the autumn in our service;
and more than the autumn. It must be remembered
that the climate is far milder in those islands than at
parallel points of the mainland. When the Finnish har-
bours are frozen hard, there are always some among the
islands that are open. There are always channels or bays
where the ice is thin and brittle ; and between the
Swedish coast and the islands it is a very rare thing in-
deed for the ice to be trustworthy for the whole distance.
The people do not stay at home on that account.
Between boat and sledge—between rowing, hauling, and
marching, they convey themselves and their goods ; and
the accidents are surprisingly few, as the regularity of
the mails may show. Naturally enough, the people are
extremely weather-wise, and here again is our advantage
in being in their good graces. They can always tell, and
will be glad for their own sakes to do it, this next win-
ter, when a passage over the Gulf is practicable for boat,
man, or beast. They know when to expect the wolves
from the Finnish shore to devour the game and farm-
stock of their islands ; and they can therefore guide our
soldiers to an expectation of the arrival of the human
wolves whom the Czar is reported able to produce at
Christmas. They keep themselves so safe and comfortable
the winter tinfough, that it is difficult to conceive why
they should not show our men how to keep themselves
safe and comfortable too.
The citadel once taken (it may probably be ours by
this time), there is a good stout mass of buildings for the
accommodation of several thousand men. The peasants
stuff the chinks of their houses with moss and earth ;
and, when the winter fairly sets in, bank up the snow
against the outer walls, light good fires within, and come
oat so thoroughly warm as to be fit for an expedition
to Sweden. Why should our well-fed men be less
hearty and comfortable—within their stout walls, with
food at command, and fuel, and proper clothing ? It
is nothing to compare with the hardships that our
troops and seamen have undergone in former wars. To
say nothing of Paler expeditions, Cape Breton was a far
worse station ; and so were many others in Canada, and
in Oregon, and on many a desolate shore of the globe.
Inhabited islands can never be so rigid and desolate as
the frozen wastes of any continent. If the allied troops
and seamen in the Baltic are allowed a good victory be-
fore winter to warm their hearts, they will pass the cold
months cheerily enough—though there is no answering
for the consequences of a chilling of their moral ardour.
Give them a least of sympathy and fame from home, and
they will do very well. Depress them by a sense of
disappointment, spreading from themselves into their
country and their families, and the frost may benumb
instead of inspiriting them. This ought to be a promi-
nent consideration with commanders who are appointing
troops to winter in the islands of the Baltic.
As for the notion of military operations —of an invasion
of Bomarsund from Russia in the winter—it seems to
most people too absurd to merit many words. Because
an army has crossed the Sound, with artillery and stores,
it is hastily concluded that the same thing may happen
again. But this is a case in which such a thing having
happened once is the very reason why it should not
happen again. Such an expedition could succeed only
by a surprise—only in a-season of prolonged black-frost
-- only after a well-masked survey--only when the party
to be attacked had no advantage from the good will of
the native population,—only when the ice was as reliable
on the further as on the nearer coast,--only when a good
many more things may be depended on which are '
not at all likely to concur on more than one occasion.
The Aland people will know the state of the ice quite
as well as any Russian scouts. The Allies will cer-
tainly not be caught by a surprise. There are many
chances to • one against the season favouring even
the setting out of such an expedition ; and much
more improbable is it that there will not be open 'har-
bours, and creeks, and channels which may be improved
into a very effectual trench by the labour at command.
Our stout fellows would enjoy keeping a trench open,
by axe, saw, and even powder—whether the foe on the
other side be wolves or cubs of the great Russian Bear.
They will invent infernal machines to blow up the ice,
and make shorter work of it than the Czar has yet done
with our ships. An ice rampart or trench might be
be made at much less cost of toil and human life than
the ice palace of a former Czar, or than that edifice,
heated like an oven because Nicholas was impatient,
where the workmen were made to wear caps of ice after
scores of their comrades had fallen from their scaffolds
and died in brain fever. In time of Peace, both French
and Englishmen have done harder things than holding
the Aland Isles through a winter against a discouraged
foe. If it should be necessary to hold them, it can of
course be done.

If the Russians are to march from St. Petersburg on
the ice, the transit is perilously long. Who can tell
what the wintry winds of the Gulf of Fin-
land are, away from from the shelter of the forests ?
The coast road is not like that of the steppes. It is sub-
ject to avalanches and all manner of impractica-

..
uilities. The drollest notion of all is of an army of

skaters—of thousands of men balancing themselves on
an edge like Mahomet's bridge, against the guns of a
fortification. Briti3h soldiers and sailors are fond of

quoits and ninepins ; and never did they see such a game
as they would have with an advance corps of Russian
skaters who should venture within range. Surely

itthelnualsat
vmbeistsakimdso—ans.nowE-shitoheesv—wanady, nmotenskwatheos,
itiahvaot
not the free use of their feet have little chance—
vhatever be their numbers—on the ice, against blue,
green, or red-coated soldiers, behind a wall, standing
on the soles of their own feet, and with ground under
them which will not bring them down on their noses
after every shot which they have balanced themselves to
achieve. Bomarsutid and the Aland Islands can be
held all the' winter if it be wise and desirable to hold
them. •

(From the Times.)
Although we have not yet received any authentic
account of the operatiana which doubtless commenced in
the course of last week at the Isles of Aland and against
the fortress of Bomarsund, we are already in posses>ian
of information which enables us to offer some remarks
on this remarkable enterprise. The group of islands
lying about 25 miles from the coast of Sweden and 15
from that of Finland, in the Gulf of Bothnia, is known
to the Finns by the name of" Ahvennanmaa." It con-
sists of no less than 80 inhabited, and 200 uninhabited
islets, the largest of which is about 18 miles in length
by 14 in breadth. On this island the fortress of Bomar-
sund has been constructed by the Russians within the
last 20 years, and it is here that the French army of the
Baltic, supported by the marines of the British fleet, is
now engaged in the first important operation of the war.
The fortress itself is said to be large enough to shelter
an army of 60.000 men within the range of its guns, and
we are assured that 10,000 labourers were empioyed in
the construction of the works during that portion of the
year when it is possible to build in so severe a climate.
We cannot, however, vouch for the accuracy of these
numbers ; but it is certain that the place is one of con-
siderable extent and strength, capable of containing a
large garrison, and not likely to be taken without the
operations of a regular siege. The principal fortress
consists of a double tier of semicircular casemated
batteries fronting the sea, mounting at least 80 heavy
guns, but this fort does not appear to be armed on
the side of the land. At a distance of about 1,000
yards from the principal fortress and from the shore are
three mounds or hillocks, two of which are fortified as
detached works, mounting about 20 guns. That to the
north is called Fort Nottich, and is 130 feet high ; that
to the south is called the Tzee Fort ; the central mound
is used for a telegraph station. These works bear
almost the same relation to the main fort of Bornarsund
as the forts of Arab Tabja and Medjidjie bore to the
town of Silistria. To attack these works it is supposed
that the land forces will advance in two divisions. The
fbanngad from h
try,e
loosatrpe north w
ers andmill consist of 20
miners, 600
()
marines, 16
rie6ncireaivny-
-32-pounders, four field pieces, and one rocket company,
being the force destined to attack Fort Nottich in the
first instance. The brigade from the south will consist
of 3,000 French infantry and 30 heavy siege guns,
under the command of General Baraguay D'Hil-
Hers in person, and will attack the Tzeo Fort. The
interest of the position of the enemy and of the
siege consists in the reduction of these detached forts,
and in this operation the ships can take no active part.
nl4 fact establishes two pinta of coneideable

terest to our maritime operations in the Baltic. It is
clear, in the first place; that in qe shallow walks and
difficult passes of that inland sea our great three-deckers
can hardly ever be broury sufficiently near, to the
enemy's works to bear, upon 'them Aith pflect. The
block-ships and heavy frigates alore able to,go into
harbours of this description, andit was not without rea-
son that on the occasion of the' Baltic expeditions
of 1800 and 1807 all the ships selected for that
service were second or' third rat.es. Tim use of
such ships as the Duke of Wellington, the St. Jean
d'Acre, and the Neptune in the Baltic is to keep the
Russian fleet in check, and the manner in which these
huge vessels have been handled by • our, masters and
pilots is such as to call forth the warmest euloginms
from the Russians themselves. But, secondly, Admiral
Napier has very wisely ahstained from measuring the
broadsides of any of his ship against the batteries of a
granite fortress, and; in spite of all that has been said on
this subject, the result of the experiments made. in this
war Is decidedly favourable to land fortifications against
marine artillery. The opinion of the Duke of Welling-
ton is thus confirmed, whO said in the House of Lords,
after the successful attack on 'St. Jean d'Acre in 1840,
that it must not be supposed • that • ships 'were a match
for well-defended batteries. Tne Admirals appear to
have resolved to act upon this principle, and, although
hollow shot and shell wit! be thrown against Bomarsund
at a long range, it cannot be•their intention to attempt
the reduction of the place by breaching the sea front.
We have no doubt this resolution is perfectly consistent
with sound judgment and with the rules of war.
The operations is therefore converted into a siege by
land, and that this was the intention of the Allied Go-
vernments is shown by the fact that frOm 10,000 to 12,000
infantry and artillerymen were embarked, that a batter-
ing train was sent, and that two of the ablest engineer
officers of the French and English armies were reserved for
this service. The troops wore all landed on the Bth inst. on
a part of the island distant about 3 miles from thelfortress.
The Russian garrison, which is supposed to cisesist of
3,500 Men, made no attempt to defend the !adjacent
coasts, but retires within' the walls, having tlrst set fire,
to the woods, which might otherwise have supplied the
enemy with timber, and to the villages, which Might
have furnished provisiens. The islands, however; are
said to contain about 14,000 head of cattle, and fish
is
most abundant in the creeks or bays. The French
train of siege artillery arrived at Led Sund sonic days
after the troops, and, in addition to these pieces of
ordnance, some of the lower deck guns of the ships
have been furnished with platforms, and prepared for
use on land, as was done with effect at the siege of St.
Sebastian. We expect, however, to learn both from
Bomarsund and from Sebastopol (when the attack on
that place has commenced) that the nature of the soil
will in both instances be found extremely unfavourable
to ordinary siege operations. The Aland Islands are
nodules of granite, barely covered with a scanty layer of
earth, and it is probable that Bomarsund itself is built
on a foundation of rock, and the detached forts on rocky
mounds. At any rate, the ground is supposed to be too
hard fur the place to be easily approached by open
trenches or covered mines ; and; if that be the case, the
besiegers must have recourse to the imperfect shelter of
sandbags and abattis, and the place will not be taken
without serious loss. If we are correct in these data,
it may be a question for the engineers directing the
siege, and for General Baraguay d'Hilliers, the Com-
mander-in-Chief, whether an attack on one of the forts
by escalade is not more likely to prove successful than
a protracted siege.
The peculiarity of places in so northern a latitude
and so cold a region is, that they cannot be perma-
nently invested, and the garrison know that if they
can hold out for a certain number of months the ap-
proach of winter must compel the assailants to raise the
siege. But, supposing the place to be taken by the
allied forces, can it be held during the ensuing winter ?
That is a question to which we can give no positive
answer. It sometimes happens, though not every year,
that the Sound of Wattuskiftet, which divides the Aland
Isles from Finland, is completely frozen over, as it was
in 1809, when Buxhovden's army crossed and lit their
bivouac fires on the solid ice. The Russians, moreover,
are better prepared than we can be for a winter cam-
paign, because they are used to the climate, and would
be within a few miles of their base of operations. To
hold the Aland Isles with security during the winter, we
ought to be assured of the co-operation of Sweden, at
least in as far as that possession is concerned, which so
nearly affects the safety and independence of her own
capital ; for, whatever be the ultimate effect of this
expedition on the policy of Russia, it Is certain that the
capture and possible destruction of an important fortress
erected at a vast expense for the purpose of securing the
domain of Russia, not only over Finland and the Gulf
of Bothnia, but in a manner over Stockholm itself, is
an event of the deepeSt interest to the Swedish nation.
We are unwilling to say anything having a tendency to
urge that brave and patriotic people to take an active
part in the war, until it is distinctly seen what assistance
and securities the Western States may have it in their
power to, afford to their northern ally ; and, on the
other hand, before the Western States consent to take
upon themselves the responsibility and the obligations
ust be well I
satisfiesarising
taof
object.such
andan pa
rl abrbel ,e
rtet
tsm.