The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LO.NDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 8, 1854.

plans of improvement and reform which they contem- ;
plated.
But the course of the University has been totally
different. (Hear, hear.) When it appeared that the at-
tention of the peiblic and of Parliament slumbered, the
zeal for reform grew slack, and we heard little or no-
thing of these great intentions. (Hear.) In the year
1853 a plan was adopted very commendable in its way. I
think it is not likely to produce such fruits as were ex-
pected from it, but still is showed a wish to improve at
least in one part of that university. At the same time I
thought it advisable that the Crown should issue a com-
mission of inquiry. That commission has produced a vast
deal of information, and has shown that although the heb-
domadal board and the authorities of the colleges were not
stirring, yet that there were a great number of men of
most active minds, of accomplished learning, and of very
general information, who had occupied themselves with
the reform of the university. It was said when the com-
mission was first issued that the information would be all
on one side—that none but one party, who were zealous
for reform, would produce their views before the commis-
sion—and that, of course, Parliament would be imperfectly
informed, if not entirely misinformed. However, I trusted
that when that information was produced—when many
persons came forward with voluntary zeal to give their evi-
dence—that those who took a different view, and were
agaans • t the plans proposed, would find it incumbent on
them, in order to obtain the aid of public opinion on their
side, to lay before the commissioners the information
which they possessed, and the views which they held, I
was not disappointed in that expectation, and the hebdoma-
dal board has given us a report, and has produced most
valuable evidence on the part of those who took a contrary
view from the view taken by the commission. We have
received information from the tutors' association and other
persons connected with the university. By these means
we have been put in possession of a great deal of informa-
tion of which Parliament was not before aware, and we
have the evidence of enlightened men to which we can refer
in our debates, who can supply any want of knowledge
respecting Oxford which it was said the House of Commons
did not possess. I will not at this late hour enter into the
various points on which the right hon. gentleman has
touched, but I will say this at once—that, although the
general outline of the plan for Cambridge may agree with
the general plan of the bill for Oxford, yet I certainly should
not think it necessary servilely to copy the provisions of
this bill. (Hear, hear.) For instance, Oxford entirely
differs from Cambridge with reference to the first point he
mentioned—the undergraduates living out of college. We
propose the plan of private halls for Oxford—a plan that I
believe will tend to the extension of the university in a
very safe and gradual manner. The University of Cam-
bridge has adopted the plan of allowing young men to live
in private lodgings with the security of a license from the
college, and such other securities as they think proper to
take, and as no less than 700 undergraduates are lodged in
that manner, it may not be necessary to propose the plan
of private halls for Cambridge. This, however, I will say,
that if any such plan had been adopted at Cambridge—if
the plan of private halls had existed there, and we bad
proposed that young men should live in private lodgings,
I can conceive the indignation which we should have
brought upon ourselves, and we should have been charged
with a want of discipline, and with instigating to immorality
forsanctioning an untried system. The right hon. gentleman
in his denunciation of the plan, has gone very far in his asser-
tions. He denies not the power, but the moral right of Par-
liament to interfere with corporal() preperty, and deems its app
plication as sacred as that of private property. I should have
thought there was this great distinction between them—
thatdi-
whereas private property is settled on no other con
times than those of general compliance with the law and
those duties which every loyal subject owes to the State,
there are attached to corporate property certain implied or
express conditions—(hear, hear)—and the Legislature of a
country in whom power is lodged—whether in a despotic
state it, is lodged in the monarch—whether in the United
States it, is lodged in the Congress—or whether in this
country it is lodged in Lords and Commons—l have always
thought that the supreme authority has a right to see that
the ends of that corporate body are attained. (Hear,
hear.) The right hon. gentleman speaks as if we had not
acted on this principle. Why, sir, what have we been
doing of iate years with regard to the property of the
Church? Much of that property, no doubt, was granted
for the benefit of a particular bishopric, or chapter, or
benefice. But we have said that the great ends of the
Church are to be looked to—that the instruction of the
people in religion and in the doctrines of the Established
Church was the end for which that Church was main-
tained and that the diversion of property given to
Canterbury or Durham, to Yorkshire or Lancashire,
would better serve those ends if Parliament would
sanction an application of the revenues to other places.
This is nothing but acting on the principle on
which a State always has the power to act.
(Hear, hear.) I was glad to hear from the right hon.
gentleman the member for" the University of Cambridge,
the admission of the principle that a change might take
place when circumstances changed. The admission of that
principle would cover a great deal more than this bill pro-
poses. Gentlemen talk of these institutions—of this pro-
perty—as being so sacred that Parliament ought not to
meddle with it. Now, without going, into the case of
particular colleges, let us see what was the general pur-
pose, and what has been the general use of these colleges.
As far as I can see, they were generally intended, and
wisely intended, according to the state of society at the
time they were founded, in the first place to a form a pro-
vision for a number of students, generally speaking of poor
students, and persons who could not otherwise pay for their
education, and who would not be able to provide them-
selves with sufficient maintenance. They were intended
to give general instruction in the University of Oxford, in
divinity, moral philosophy, natural philosophy, the canon
law, and logic. In the third place, they were intended
very often to keep up the performance of religious ser-
vices, among which masses for the souls of the dead were
not uncommon. What do we find with respect to these
things ? Is there any of these general conditions which
is observed. (Hear ?) So far from their being a number
of fellows and students living in the university and devot-
ing themselves to the study of certain sciences and of books
of learning, we find that a great number of the fellows are
not resident in the university at all—that they are
pursuing other studies—qualifying themselves for profes-
sions, or employing themselves in other occcnpations
Others, again, were engaged, not in studying for the bene-
fit of their own minds, but as tutors in teaching in the
University. With respect to the saying of masses for the
dead, that has not only been neglected, but has been pro-
hibited by Parliament. Indeed, as to the original con-
ditions imposed by the founder, there is hardly a trace re-
maining of their actual practice.or existence. I say, then,
if there has been that change, and a change made by those
of whom the founder was particularly jealous, namely, the
recipients of his bequests, surely we have a right to say
we will not oblige you to go back to the exact fulfilment
of those original conditions ; but you having entirely de-
parted from those conditions, we, the Parliament, consider
ourselves equally at liberty to depart from them also.
(Hear.) We are doing this because we believe the general
object of the founder was the promotion of religion and
sound learning ; and we believe the cause of religion and
sound learning will be promoted by such a measure as the
one now before the house. With respect to an enabling bill,
such as has been referred to by the right honourable
gentleman (Mr. Walpole), to give the University and
Colleges of Oxford power to reform their own institutions,
I sho-ald think such a measure would be inadequate to
such a state of things. I should say there had been no
general disposition shown to induce us to admit the long
delay which would be sure to follow the adoption of any
such plan. I cannot, therefore, join in the recommendation
of such a measure. While the right hon. gentleman has
thus spoken against the bill on the side of its going too far,
some hon. gentlemen, especially the hon. member for New-
castle (Mr. Blackett), have complained that it does
fulfill all the objects which the royal commissioners liadniont
view. My belief is, that the measure does, in its main pro-
visions, comply with the objects which the commission
had in view. I stated last year that these objects were,
in the first place, the extension of the University ; in. the
next, the alteration and improvement of the governing
body ; in the third place the endeavour to apply some of the
revenues to the general instruction in the university ;
and, in the fourth place, the removal of those restric-
tions which gave preference to particular studies. Un-
doubtedly many observations have been addressed to
the house in the course of this debate, which are well
worthy our consideration ; and, without saying that the
clauses of the bill may not be defended as they are, I think
the Government is bound to take into consideration all the
suggestions of the commission. To any suggestions with
the view to the improvement of this bill, come from what
quarter they may, the Government will be ready to listen.
I consider this is a question of national importance ; and
if those who pay any attention to the subject will devote
their minds to a calm consideration of the different clauses
of the bill, I believe that instead of destroying, as it is
said we mean to destroy, the real foundations of the Uni-
versity of Oxford, or that excellent collegiate instruction
which has been hitherto given in that university, NI e shall,
on the contrary, superadd to the present worth of that uni
versity by a more expanded and extended instruction, in
conformity with the science of the age; that we shall be
able to give to a greater number of persons than at present
enjoy it the benefit of that instruction, and that the nation
at large will for a long period derive advantage from this
improvement of one of its greatest educational institutions.
The bill was then read a second time, and ordered to be
committed on Tuesday.
In reply to Sir J. PABINGTON,
Lord J. RUSSELL said he proposed to take the three
Bribery Bills first on Monday, and, in compliance with a
suggestion which had beeninai made on a previous evening, to
refer them all to a select committee. The President of the
Board of Trade would then proceed with the Railway
Bill, and after that the Colonial Clergy Bill would be
taken.

THEA PRE ROYAL DRURY LANE,
Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.
Tills EVENING, APRIL 8,

Will be performed LEONIE. Principal characters by Mr. Elliot
Baler and Mr. Henri Drayton; Misses Lowe and Featherstone.
After which, THE FEAST OF THE DRAGON, ani Magical
Performances of the Chinese Troupe.
To conc'ade with THE BARBER OF CADIZ. •

THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.

17nder the management of Mr. nuckstone.

THIS EVENING, APRIL 8,

To he follovrei by THE HOPE OF THE FAMILY. Character
by Messrs. Chippendale, Compton, and Buckstone ; Mrs. Fitawilliam,
Miss E. Grey, &c.
• -

To be followed by the new comic drama, culled R tNELAGIT
Churactera by Aessrs. Vaalenhoff, Farren, Buckstone, Tilbury,
and Rogers; Miss Reynolds, Mrs. Fitzvrilllain, &e.

- -
After which, WILLIKIND AND HYS DINAH. Supported by
Messrs. Buckstone and Corri ; Miss Louisa Howard, Mrs. Fitzwil-
liam, and Mrs. Caulfield.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.

Under the Management of Mr. Cnar.z.Es Brix.

THIS EVENING, APRIL 8,

Win be performed THE ICIRRIEIrUNMARRIED. Supported
by Messrs. W. Lacy, Ryder, and Cathcart; and Misses Heath and
Murray. •

To be followed by THE LANCERS; or, The Gentleman's Son.
Principal characters by Messrs. Meadows, Ryder, Everett, H. Mellon,
and D. Fisher; Mrs. Winstanley, Miss Daly, and Miss C. Leclercq.
To conclude with A STORM IN ,41 TEA-CUP. Principal cha.
racters by Mr. and Mrs. W. Lacy.

THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHT.
Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste.

THIS EVENING, APRIL 8,

Will be performed TWO LOVES AND A LIFE. Supported by
Messrs. C. Selby, Leigh Murray, Benjamin Webster, Keeley, and 0.
smith ; Miss Woolgar and Madame Celeste.

Followed by THE MOINTACFIE MOVE:WENT. Principal cha•
radars by Messrs. 0. Smith.
Keeley, and Parselle; Mrs. Keeley;
and Miss Mary. Keeley.
To conclude with the Farce of WS FIRST CIIIMPAGNE.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan.
THIS EVENING, Ai.= 8,
Will be performed THE WRONG BOX. Supported by Messrs.
Alfred Wigan and Robinson ; Miss P. Horton, Miss Wyndham, and
Miss E. Turner.
To be followed by TO OBLIGE BENSON. Supported by Messrs.
Emery, Robson, and Leslie; Mrs. Stirling and Miss Wyndham.
To cone nde with the Farce of THE WANDERING MINSTREL.
Jem Baggs, Mr. F. Robson.

STRAND THEATRE.

Sole Lessee Mr. F. W. Allcrott.—Direetress, Miss Rebecca Isaacs.

THIS EVENING, Apau, 8,
Will be performed THE BEGGAR'S OPERA.
To be followed by MORN TO GOOD LUCK.
With THE DUMB BELLE. Eliza, Miss R. Isaacs.
After which, THE BLUE JACKETS.

AWN, 53.; Boxes, 33.; Pit, ls. 6d; Gallery, Cd. ; Private Boxea
£1 lls. 6(1., to be had of Mr. Alleroft, 15, New Bond-street.

ASTLEY'S E (TROPE'S NATIONAL AMP lIITIIEATRE.

Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke.
Tlll3 EVENING. APaIL 8,

The entertainments will commence with' the chivalric spectacle,
THE WOODMAN'S HORSE; or, The False Knight. Followed by
an elegant routine of Scenes ha the CIRCLE, introducing
KATE COOKE; the Wonder of the World, Miss EMILY COOKE; the
Premier Horseman, Mr. ALFRED COOKE; Mr. WILLIAM COOKE on
his matchless steed RAVES, and a new Burlesque Equestrian Pari-
sian Pastoral 13 ALLET—the appointments expressly made in Paris.
Concluding with (6th time) an entirely new Farce, DALRYM-
PLE VERSUS TIT:3R:3.

Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W
West.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Taps DAY --nOrllillg 7 min.after 10 Evening 51 min.aft,
fo-Moanow---Morning 28 lain. I after 11 Evening 0 min•aft.

THE WEATHER.—Sus OPTICS, Aram 8.
THERNOMETER, IN THIS SHADE.
66 —highest since noon yesterday.
50 -lowest this morning, and during the night.
66 —this day at noon.

BAROMETER, 30.26--falling.
WIND, S.W.-Light breeze, and fine, sunshiny, summer
weather.

Tib g AII;31,

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 8, 1854.

The immediate object of the; War is obvious.
It is the prevention of a great wrong. It arises
from the determination of Fran oe and England to
prevent Turkey from being molested and despoiled
by the Russian AUTOCRAT. That there is reason
for this movement on the part of the Western
Powers—that there are sufficielot grounds for the
interposition of their times for the defence of the
SULTAN from the aggressions of his. lawless and
colossal neighbour—must be acknowledged, to
have become for some time past, and to continue
still at this moment, plainly enough attested by
the mere presence of the Miamian army within
the boundary of the Principalkties. The simple
fact of the struggle being all this while not on
the banks of the Pruth, but on; those of the Da-
nube, must be accepted on. the instant, of
course, as proof positive of the reality of the
CZAR'S aggression upon the S a ',TAN'S dominions.
It is for the purpose of putting an end to
this aggression, it is with a, view to preclude
the wrong-doer from the possil ;May of adventuring
at any future period upon th el repetition of his
recent proceedings, it is to -the end that the
SULTAN may be protected and -that the AUTOCRAT
may be punished, that the a's iailant may be re-
pelled and the assailed defend.cd, that war may
be effectually put an end to a c.d peace be satis-
factorily, and promptly, and pc :rmanently re-estab-
lished—that the Western Pc or wers have at last
boldly entered upon the co ottest as principals,
despatching their vast armam( nits northwards and
eastwards for the subjugation •of St. Petersburg
and the preservation of Constr cntinople.
England and France have• acted thus as the
principal foes of barbarism, as the arbiters of the
destinies of Europe, as the representatives of
modern civilisation. Their aim is no longer
that of selfish aggrandiseme a it. They adven-
ture upon the contest, 13., ot as so often
hitherto, for the satisfying or the mere cravings
of their national pugnacity...l They draw the
sword and unfurl the banner to secure the inno-
cent weak from being vanqui hed, and to disap-
point the mighty wrong-doer :at tire very moment
when apparently about to ;ratify his rapacious
ambition with impunity. . ustria and Prussia
hesitate—but England and I France have resolved
upon this glorious achievem tnt. They have so
resolved upon it, that, in spi !te of the rivalry of
centuries, they have establis: teed a perfect accord
between their Governments. An alliance of such
complete cordiality, that the a trades which opposed
each other in deadly strife a I Waterloo, and the
navies which grappled in mortal conflict at Tra-
falgar are at last united in br i )therhood. Blended
together, their maritime ar3 naments enter the
Euxine under DUNDAS and HAMELIN, and the
Baltic under NAPIER and nEscHENEs. Fight-
.
REPRESENTATION OF SOOTRAMPTON.—The writ for c, in side by side, their m i litary forces will
Southampton election, the Attorney. General having advance upon the comm( n enemy, kinder
vacated his seat in Parliament on
the acceptingf the Re-
cordership of Bristol, arrived at
take
mentioned ,
the accordant directions of RAGLAN and St.
town yesterday. The election will place on Wed- in vin
nesday next. It is rumoured that the re-electione
, eitherl of the ARNAUD • dication of ti e sacred principles
Attorney-General will be opposed, of justice, and no longer, as t I Ley may have done
sittart, who has been an unsuccessful eanyaMr. Van- hitherto, from a brutal lust of spoliation.
Southampton, or Sir Edward Butler, of Harldfiate for
Hampshire. Both of these gentlemen are Conservatives.ed inßussia may be'
All this, as we have said, t. b tat R
REDUCTION OF WAGES AT STOCKPORT.—The ln repelled and Turkey protected .
ners and manufacturers of Stockport have been -;" -
d in considering whether they shall reduce pro_
In order that the war m: y be satisfactorily
gage
duction by two or three days per week, or work -full terminated, however, it will I i of be enough that
time for the present, taking off the ten per cent, added the •
Russian forces should be ( a impelled to retire
to the wages of operatives in May last, and which was
claimed on the ground of prosperity. One firm has from the invaded Principalities . More than this
stopped altogether, and two others have gone on three has become
reuisite. The k UTOCRAT must be
days per week, but the general
90 meeting deprived
of masters q
agreed, by a majority equal toor 95 per cent, of of the capacity of di 3 turbine;again in a
horse-power, to give notice of reverting to the prices similar manner the inestimal Cie, and for nearly
of last May. A week's notice was accordingly forty
years the almost unbro Len, tranquillity of
given, on Thursday to the hands. and a question
arises as to whether they will submit quietly or again j Christendom. The Ottoman Empire must be
resort to a strike. 'the difference to the manufacturer secured from its 131.
liability cif being agitated
will be about lid. or 2d. per piece of cloth in the fabrics .
most largely produced in Stockport, whilst the selling by similar outrages. It must be secured
prices of these fabrics are reduced is. to im• 7d. per against this liability on many ides —.against the
piece, with great accumulation of stock in addition. The . -
attacks from '
Irritating
price of 40 inch 66 reed India cloths per piece of 43
rodardsTwhas 1e
01 st. 4id. in May last, and it sells now for 95. rauding Montenegrins, against :a-ny despicable ou-
t* weaving is Is. 51d. per piece. They
~I,Anaht from Greece through ri s fomented by
complain also of the increase of other charges. Oil has 6 -CI
risen from 7s. 2d. to 9s. 2d. per gallon, and flour is the treachery of the Athenian ( x overnment, above
nearly double the price it was in May. They have had
all, of coarse, against further a ,g ;gressions on the
the advantage of a reduction in cotton, but it does rot ,
exceed the differenca of charge for flour and oils. The part of the Russian AUTOCRAT, whether directed
operatives are holding meetings and sending deputations European frontiers ( )17 Turkey on the
to the employers to induce them to reconsider their pro-
upon the
Posal, Pruth, on the Danube, or on t to Balkan Damn-

The other orders of the day were disposed of, and the
house adjourned at two o'clock.

twins, or upon the Asiatic frontiers in the vicinity
of the Caucasus.

Mecklenburg. Peculiarly suspicious, above all,
have been the rumours which have become rife of
late at Berlin—rumours of a convention for shield-
ing St. Petersburg, at the last hour, from the
perils of an united attack by the chief of the
Great Powers of Christendom. It behoves us,
therefore, to be watchful—especially watchful,
remembering that the Earl of ABERDEEN, the ad-
mired of M. GIIIZOT, the applauded of Louis
PHILIPPE, the friend of the Czar NICHOLAS, con-
tinues, even after the declaration of war against
Russia by France and England, at the head of her
Britannic MAJESTY'S Government.

Now this cannot be effectually accomplished, it
is scarcelynecessary to observe, by the mere evacua-
tion of the Principalities. Speaking plainly, the war
cannot possibly be closed with credit to the Western
Powers, or with safety to the Ottoman Empire, or
with any probability of our having reallysecured the
subsequent conservation of the peace of Christen-
dom—unless much more shall have been first
accomplished than could possibly have been con-
templated by either France or England at the
commencement of the recent negotiations. It
would not be difficult to intimate the chief of
these preliminaries, or rather, as we might call
them, these essential conditions for a pacification.
The evacuation of Moldo-Wallachia by the Musco-
vites, is, of course, a thing understood. Besides
which, however, the Government of Montenegro
must be brought to a strict account---and though
it is scarcely necessary to add this after what was
said in the House of Commons on Thursday even-
ing by Lord JOHN RUSSELL—the Same may be re-
marked in regard to the Athenian Government.
Then the Black Sea must be opened. In like
manner, in regard to the river Danube, there
must be no further restriction in the privileges
of its navigation. Moreover, it is probable that
all existing treaties between Russia and Turkey
will have not to be explained, but to be altogether
abandoned. Such, in reference to this war, are
among a few of its chief consequences. The
Russian AUTOCRAT has now, at least, the consola-
tion of reflecting that he has to compete no longer
with Turkey alone, but with Turkey supported
by France and England, and that—defeated—he
will have to disgorge most of the territorial rob-
beries perpetrated by himself and his predecessors,
and to behold Russia at the close of the war col-
lapsing in her dimensions, in illustration of the
reality of that memorable " slope to the East"
spoken of in 1848 by M. DE LAMARTINE.

Germany, with a standing army increased to a
total of 400,000 fighting men, would inevitably
become to the belligerents, by maintaining a ques-
tionable neutrality, to say the least of it, an enor-
mous embarrassment. Nay, Austria alone, with
140,000 men in arms, distributed along her fron-
tiers, could not but become speedily, after the
actual commencement of the war, a source of
bewildering difficulty to the contending Govern-
ments. Wherefore an explanation as to the precise
nature of the policy resolved upon by the councils
of Berlin and Vienna has come at length to be
no tonly desirable, but absolutely and imperatively
requisite. The Emperor NAPOLEON 111. is said
to have already demanded, through an autographic
letter, addressed by his Imperial Majesty to the
Emperor FRANCIS JOSEPH, this same most essential
explanation. How about England? Has the

revelation of the policy to be pursued by the Ger-
manic Powers been peremptorily demanded in like
manner by our own Government ? The question
is one of extreme and imminent importance. It
should at once be put to her MAJESTY'S Ministers
in either or in both the Houses of the British
Parliament.

THE LATE MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY.

The will of this distinguished and gallant nobleman,
which was proved to-day, at Doctors' Commons, con-
sists of a few lines, giving all his estates, real and per-
sonal, to his Marchioness, absolutely, and at her entire
disposal, appointing her also sole executrix. The will
bears an unattested indorsement in his lordship's own
handwriting, recapitillating its contents in terms of most
affectionate endearment. The personal estate, in the
province of Canterbury, has been sworn under 45,0001.,
which, when added to that within the province of York,
which is under 250,0001., and in Ireland under 40,0001.,
makes an aggregate of personal property left by the de-
ceased amounting to 335,0001., exclusive of all the vast
settled .estates and collieries of the Vane and London-
derry families in England and. Ireland, in the former of
which he is succeeded by Lady 'Londonderry, and in
the latter by the present marquis.

The Testamentary Jurisdiction Bill last night
received a third reading, and passed through the
hereditary branch of the Legislature. It had,
however, a very narrow . escape. • But seven
Noble Lords attended to support one of the most
important and useful measures of legal reform on
the last stage of its progress—a measure for which
the Government justly claimed considerable merit,
and had the claim allowed to the fullest extent.
It would, indeed, have been xejected, but that the
friends and supporters of the abuses that have
sprung up during successive generations were as
remiss and apathetic as the reformers, so that,
when the final division took place, there were
but twelve Peers present, of whom seven were
" content," and five " not content." Had the
result been different, a very unpleasant interrogatory
might have been received, to which it would have
been difficult to frame an answer altogether re-
spectful or satisfactory to the Upper House.
The Archbishop of CANTERBURY availed himself
of the opportunity to express his deep sympathy
for the snug family party, who, by the passing of
the bill, would be deprived of the lucrative mo-
nopoly they had so long enjoyed. His Grace
feelingly deplored " the grievous loss which they
would suffer from its provisions—forgetting that
their loss is the gain of the community in general,
who have for so long a period been heavily
mulcted to support their dignity. No closer cor-
poration ever existed than the highly-respectable
body of Proctors for whom his Grace was
the earnest . advocate. Only thirty-four of
their number were allowed to take articled
clerks, and that privilege was conceded but
once in five years, so that not quite seven in the
year could enter on the course leading to such
high emoluments. It is needless to say, that the
fortunate few thus highly favoured
.scarcely did
more than replace the vacancies in the general
body, and in their own numbers that occurred
from time to time. The value of the privilege
may be judged from the fact, that on the rare
occasions, when so good a thing was suffered to
, pass from the immediate family or connexions of
the persons authorised to sign. articles, 1,0001.
was generally demanded, and willingly paid by
Ithe neophyte. And as if these difficulties were
not sufficient to guard the sacred mysteries
from the vulgar gaze, stringent bye-laws
were framed, which prevented any person from
being articled after he had attained the age of
18 years, or if he had received a salary as
a clerk in the office of any proctor. No matter
how acute the intellect, profound the learning,
and brilliant the genius of the "Pariah," he was
for ever excluded if he received even a single shil-
ling as remuneration for services rendered to any of
the initiated. It was perhaps necessary to practise
this rigorous exclusion in order to prevent those
who had obtained even a distant glimpse of the
enormous profits obtainable from straining after
the rich prizes. The of iroXXoc,must not be allowed
the remotest chance of obtaining admission.
" Odi profanum vuigus et cirees" appears to
have been the motto of each of the
thirty-four ; and though there has been
an instance of a little foot-page who succeeded in
charming one of the dragons who guarded the
golden fruit, the singularity of the exception
proves the stringency and generality of the rule.
We scarcely think that it was politic on the
part of his Grace to take any part in the proceed-
ings. He must have felt that the Leviathan
.Sinecurist was the grandson and nominee of one
of his predecessors—that the next person who is
to succeed,• is also the grandson of another Most
Reverend personage who had achieved the highest
position in the Anglican Church, while the re-
mainder man was his own descendant and nomi-
nee, that the anticipated profits in the one case were
mortgaged to a wealthy Insurance Company, and
that the nomination in his own case took place after

OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT RACE,

The aquatic celebrities of Oxford and Cambridge met
again this morning on their well-known battle-ground,
between Putney and Mortlake ; and the Oxford Men,
following up their former triumphs, succeeded in once
more vanquishing their rivals. It was almost physically
impossible, however, that it could have been otherwise,
for the Cambridge crew, though equal, perhaps, in skill
and dexterity, were decidedly inferior in weight and
strength to their opponents, and there was absolutely
nothing in the match, to justify its being called a
race. Indeed, long beforehand both sides seemed
to view the struggle in the light of a foregone
conclusion, and from the very onset tile odds were in
favour of Oxford, being, in fact, something like 6 to 4
"on" from the first announcement of the race. The
following were the crews selected for the occasion :

OXFORD. st. lb. CAMBRIDGE. et. lb.
1 Short, New Col 10 8 1 Galton, Trinity Col. 9 10
2 Hooke, Worcester 10 8 2 Nairne, Emmanual 10 4
3 Pinckney, Exeter 11 8 3 Stephenson, Caius... 10 10
4 Blundell, Christ Ch 11 11 4 Agnew, Trinity 10 13
5 Hooper, Pembroke 11 6 5 Davis, Trinity ll 5
6 Nind, Christ Church 11. 5 6 Johnson, Trinity ll 1
7 Mellish, Exeter 11 7 7 Blake, Corpus Chris. 11 2
King, Peinb., stroke 11 12 Wright, St John's, stroke
Marshall, Ex., steerer 10 2 Smith, Caius, steerer.. 9 12
Both crews had been in careful training for some time
past, and ad there not been so great a disproportion in
the physTjue of the two sets of men, it is probable the
race would have been a very exciting instead of, as it
turned out to be, an exceedingly hollow affair. The
event drew together a tremendous muster of collegians,
and, *hile the Cambridge party occasionally in-
dulged in faint hopes of success, the Oxonians never
doubted the race would end - in ,the result which we
shall presently record. The boats were launched a
few minutes before eleven o'clock, the Oxford crew
taking water first. Their style of pulling was ge-
nerally admired, but some of the old judges in
such matters pronounced it to be inferior to that which
they had displayed in former years. The Cambridge
crew coming out immediately after the Oxford boat,
looked extremely light and slim, and though the few
strokes they took on approaching the starting point gave
forcible promise for the future, the ascendancy of the
other side remained unshaken. Some ten minutes after
11 o'clock, the tide.being then about the flood, the start-
ing gun was fired, and the two crews dropped their oars,
and jumped off together. The Oxford bol,t, however,
immediately went ahead, and maintained the
lead from end to end. The Cambridge men
succeeded in getting up to the stern of their com-
petitor just before approaching Hammersmith-bridge ;
but it was only a brief triumph, for the Oxford men at
once made play, and shot beneath the bridge two or
three lengths ahead. Rounding the bend of the river
beyond Hammersmith-bridge, it became evident that
the Cambridge crew had not the shadow of a chance,
while a little further on one of their men fainted, and
of course the game was all up with them now.
Still they manfully struggled on, but they never
got near the Oxford boat again ; and, finally,
they were beaten with ease, the distance between the
conquering and defeated boats being allowed in suffer-
ance to be taken at between three and four lengths,
but there is no doubt whatever that the Oxford crew
could have made it ten if they had put their strength
to the full stretch. The time occupied in getting
over the ground, which is little over four miles, say four
miles and a quarter, was some twenty minutes. The
winning crew, of course, came in for a few rounds of
applause, but the "pluck" which the Cambridge men
had manifested throughout the struggle was rewarded at
the finish with an enthusiastic burst of cheering, in
which the members of both Universities joined. The
boats, which were built by Messrs. Searle and Son, of
Lambeth, were masterly pieces of workmanship.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.-(THIS DAY.

a, report which had induced his immedi;te prede-

cessor, Archbishop Howes, to abstain from ex-
orcising the valuable privilege. He should also
have recollected that all the proctors were his own
creatures, admitted by himself to the positions
hey occupied, and he should have remained satis-

tied with the ample concession made to his pro-
tegees, without ventilating a question by which
they could scarcely be benefitted, and which could

only serve to bring the matter more prominently
under public notice, and to occasion a general
protest against the monopoly, which, by the bill,
is to be allowed to the present practitioners for
no less than ten years to come.
No such consideration has been shown to the

(Before Mr. Commissioner Goulburn.)
IN RE T, L. ATKINSON.
This bankrupt was described as of Queen-street,
Cheapside, linen warehouseman, and to-day was ap-
pointed for consideration of his certificate.
The balance-sheet, prepared by Messrs. Robinson and
Knowles, Basinghall-street, commencing February, 1850,
and ending February, 1853, shows :—Dr. to creditor,
1,1821. ; capital, 1,1211. lls. Bd. ; profits, 5801. Cre-
ditor : good debts, 461. 3s. 10d. ; property, 2541. ;
losses, 256/. ; trade expenses, 1,1771. 18s. id. ; per-
sonal, 9241.
His Honour said the expenses greatly exceeded the
profits, but there was one thing in the bankruet's favour,
which was, that he began business with a capital.
Mr. Lawrance said that the failures arose through the
capital being insufficient.
His Honour granted an immediate certificate of the'
second class.

other branches of the legal profession, when their
emoluments were materially curtailed by the ine-
vitable results of other legal reforms. No
Right Reverend Prelate breathed forth his heart-
felt sympathy for the barristers or attorneys who
suffered grievous losses by the establishment of
County Courts, and .other alterations of legal
procedure. Nor was any time given to
break their fall, or "to enable them in the
interval to form other connexions which would
make the shock less felt." No ; they were
of the general public, and were deserving of no
sympathy. Their numbers were not limited, nor
was there a virtual monopoly insured as to the
highly-favoured offspring of Mother Church.
They fell, without any clerical mourners to lament
their fate. But a valuable precedent was esta-
blished, that will enable legal reformers in the
House of Commons to resist, and we hope success-
fully, the proposed monopoly about to be granted
to the present practitioners for ten years from the
passing of the Act.

THE COAL TRADE.—Several correspondents have lat-
terly asked the reason for suspending the publication in
the official coal list of the number of vessels at market,
sold and unsold. In answer to inquiries made in the
proper quarter, it is stated that the factors have agreed
among themselves to withdraw this information, but on
what ground does not very clearly appear. It is un-
doubted that the quantity of vessels at market indicates
in some degree the nature of the general supply, and
that, therefore, this intelligence is not only of utility to
the trade itself, but more so to the public at large.
Every one remembers the high price of fuel a few months
ago, and the eagerness displayed to ascertain what ships
were coming forward and the probable supply. When
the fleet of colliers increased there was greater activity,
and ultimately the quotations were brought to a satis-
factory level, the market having become fully stocked.
If the coal factors imagine that by withholding this in-.
formation they will be enabled to keep the public unac-
quainted with the number of arrivals and the proportion
of ships sold, they will speedily discover their error,
since the intervention of higher authorities must be sought
to remedy the evil, if the attempt be persevered in.
ORONSTADT.—The following description of Cronstadt,
given in a Berlin journal, although incomplete, may
not be uninteresting at the present moment :—" ‘ Cron-
stadt is situated on the island of Kosline, at the eastern
corner of the Finland Gulf. The island, about 1i Eng-
lish miles long and proportionately narrow, is close to
the mouth of the Neva, and may be regarded as the
port of St. Petersburg, whence it is distant about 18
miles (English). The town, which owes its foundation
to Peter the Great, contains about 30,000 inhabitants,
and is intersected by the Peter and Catherina canals.
On the northern side of the island stand the powerful
Alexander ramparts, constructed of solid granite blocks
and armed with heaviest guns. On the southern flank
of this is the harbour, the channel to which is defended
by the citadel, erected on a rocky foundation, and on
the opposite side by the Kronslot fortress. Properly
speaking, there exist three harbours for ships of war
within the island, with docks, arsenals, building-yards,
and so forth. A fourth smaller harbour for mercantile
vessels likewise exists within the defences. The old
Menschikoff palace has long been converted into a
foundry, arsenal, and school for pilots. The Marine
Hospital is arranged for 2,600 patients. In order to
diminish dangers that may occur from fire, all wooden
constructions have been pulled down, and all super-
fluous stores removed."

Better that Austria and Prussia should openly
declare against us, than persist in this odious and
affected neutrality. Better almost, we had said,
that they should be against us than with us—for
in that event tho nations of central Europe would
have more secure hope of their social and political

regeneration.

It is earnestly to be prayed that, nearer home
than Vienna and Berlin, there may be neither
complicity nor connivance in regard to this dis-
graceful policy of playing "fast or loose," which
has so long • been persevered in by the German
Governments. At any rate, delays and delays
have been suspicious. Suspicious, too, have been
the results already visible in the Court of Berlin,
consequent upon the arrival of that message from
the CZAR, conveyed thither by Prins)) Groacin of ,

LATEST FOREiGN

THE WAR.

ANOTHER BATTLE ON THE

DANUBE.

The Morning Chronicle, in an evening edition
to-day, published the following telegraphic despatch
from its Vienna correspondent :

" The.F remden, Blatt announce; under date of
Bucharest, 4th April, that a great battle was being
fought at Rassdva (about midway between Hirsova
and Silistria, in the Dobrutscha). The result was
not known.

" Mustapha Paella is at the head of 50,000 men."

A telegraphic despatch, dated Berlin last night,
says the English and French Governments entirely
reject the proposals-of the Czar brought by Prince
George of. Mecklenburg Strelitz.
The negotiations between Austria and Prussia
are not yet closed, but Prussia has joined in a pro-
tocol signed on Monday at Vienna between Eng-
land, France, and Austria.
A despatch from St. Petersburg of the 31st ult.
says :—" All discharged soldiers are invited by im-
perial order to return to active service, and are
promised good pay, pensions,• and decorations."
Accounts from Bucharest, 31st ultimo, in the
Wanderer of Vienna, contain the following :
" Since the resumption of warlike operations events
have been mentioned which were not before known. It
is for instance now stated that, from the 13th to the
23d, engagements took place every day near Oltenitza,
at the mouth of the Argis. The Russians had endea-
voured to throw a raft bridge over the Danube, but the
Turkish batteries prevented the operation. Several
boats were sunk, and many men perished. On the 3d
a sanguinary contest took place between Sistow and
Simnitza, which lasted the whole day,, and ended by
the retreat of the Russians. The Turks forced the
passage of the Danube, and occupied Simnitza, and also
effected the passage at the mouth of the Aluta. Ac-
counts were every moment expected from Krajowa, for
it is certain that hostilities had commenced all along the
line. The combat of the 23d was resumed on the 24th,
but nothing had been heard of the result ; if, how-
ever, it had been favourable to the Russians, they would
not have failed to publish an official bulletin. Fighting
was still going on near Isatchka, and Matchin ; the ar•
mies of General Luders and other disposable troops
were marching on Babadagh. The Russian troops, com-
manded by General Bukanoff, were before Kustendje.
Mustapha Pacha was concentrating his troops at Kra-
jowa, and advancing against the Russians in three lines
on the side of the rampart of Trajan, General Gortscha-
koff was expected at Kalaradsche."