The Sun.
London, England, 1853-09-08 00:00:00

LON DON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

We subjoin a translation of the note addressed
to the Four Powers by Turkey :
" Translation of an Official Note, addressed by his Excel-
lency Redschid Pacha, to the Representatives of Austria,
France, Great Britain, and Prussia, dated August 19,
1853 :

" The project of a note which had been recently, drawn
up at Vienna and remitted to the Sublime Porte has been
read and examined by the Council of Ministers. That
which had been recently drawn up at Constantinople and
sent to the great powers, in a form such as was expected
to cause the differences which existed between the Sublime
Porte and Russia to disappear, created the hope of a satis-
factory result; but the government of his Imperial Majesty
the Sultan is much pained to see that this project has not
been taken into consideration. Although the project of
the note formerly drawn up by the Sublime Porte in order
to be remitted to Prince Menschikoff had been taken as its
basis, as far as regards the paragraph of the project re-
ceived from Vienna concerning the religious privileges, the
question has not been confined within this circle. Certain
paragraphs, superfluous and incompatible with the sacred
rights of the government of his Majesty the Sultan having
been introduced into it, the Sublime Porte finds itself
under the obligation of making observations upon this
subject. The Imperial Government has been long accus-
tomed to receive proofs of friendship from the great powers,
its august allies. It is particularly grateful for the many
benevolent efforts which they have not ceased to make
since the commencement of the present differences. It is
then evident it is unwilling, in consideration of its private
feeling towards these powers, to hesitate upon a point
which. has received their common approbation ; but the
government of his Majesty the Sultan, which declared at
the commencement of this affair that it was the sole corn-

potent judge of its rights and its independence, not having
been, unfortunately, consulted in the drawing up of the
new project, is placed in a difficult position.
" It may be said that neither was the Government of
Russia consulted on the drawing up of the project, but the
rights which are sought to be defended are those of the
Porte, and it is she who ought to sign the note which will
be agreed to upon in this affair. It belongs to the great
powers to judge of their acknowledged equity, and it is
just to treat the two parties on an equal footing touching
this point. It has been, consequently, not considered con-
venient to enter into details on this matter.
" The first of the points which caused the Sublime Porte
to hesitate is the following paragraph :
" ' If at all times the Emperors of Russia have evinced
their active solicitude for the maintenance of the immuni-
ties and privileges of the orthodox Greek Church in the
Ottoman empire, the Sultans have never refused to conse-
crate them anew by solemn acts;
" That the Emperors of Russia should evince their soli-
citude for the prosperity of the Church and of their reli-
gion which they profess is natural, and nothing can be
said against it ; but according to the above paragraph it
is understood that the privileges of the Greek Church in
the states of the Sublime Porte have been maintained
solely by the active solicitude of the Emperors of Russia.
" It is remarked, moreover, that the fact of putting in
a note to be adopted by the Porte the above paragraph,
such as it appears in the project, respecting religious privi-
leges which have been from the reign of the Sultan Mah-
moud the Conqueror, of glorious memory, until this day,
granted and maintained without any participation what-
ever, would cause embarrassment, and offer pretexts to
the Russian Government to attempt to interfere in such
matters. _ .

" No person should consent to draw down upon himself
the blame of his contemporaries, as well as of posterity,
in allowing a state of things as hurtful to the present as
to the future to be established.
"No servant of the august Imperial Ottoman family
would dare to put, nor could be capable of putting, in
writing words which would tend to affect the glory of the
institutions which the Ottoman Emperors have founded
from a spontaneous movement of their personal generosity
and their innate clemency.
" The second point to be objected to is the paragraph of
the note relative the treaty of Kainardji. As no one can
deny that this treaty exists, and that it is confirmed by
that of Adrianople, it is capable of proof that its precise
stipulations will be faithfully observed.
" If in inserting the paragraph above-mentioned, it was
intended to consider the religious privileges as the natural
result and true spirit of the treaty of Kainardji, the real
and precise disposition of this treaty is limited to the sole
promise of the Sublime Porte herself to protect the Chris-
tian religion. The paragraphs which the Sublime Porte
would, in regard to in what respects the religious pri-
vilegos, insert in the note which she would sign, as she has
at all times declared, not only by writing but verbally,
would be to express assurances of a nature to dissipate the
doubts put forward by the Russian Government, and
which have formed the subject of these dissensions.
"But to fortify by new ties the religious identity exist-
ing between a great community of the subjects of the
Sublime Porte and a foreign power—to give to the Govern-
ment of Russia motives for pretending to exercise the right
of watching over and meddling with such matters—would
be in some sort to give to another a share in the sovereign
rights, and to place in danger the independence of the
empire. Thus it is altogether impossible for the Govern-
ment of his Majesty the Sultan to give his consent to it
without being forced thereto.

"If, in shOrt, the object is only to cause a renewal of
the engagemouto of 1,1,e treaty el Kainardjl, the Sublime
Porte could do this by n separate treaty.
" Now the Imperial Government attaches the greatest
importance to this :—Either the paragraph of the project
sent relative to the treaty shall be suppressed ; or else, if
it is maintained, the promise to protect contained in the
treaty of Kainardji and the question of the religious privi-
leges may be separated in an explicit manner, because it
will be seen at a glance that they are two different things.
" And the third point makes the Greek rites partake of
the advantages conceded to the other Christian rites. It
cannot be doubted that the Imperial Government would
not hesitate to grant to the Greek rites a participation,
not only in the advantages which of its own free will it
has granted to other communions of the Christian religion
professed by communities of its subjects but also those
which may be conceded in future. It is, then, super-
fluous to add that the Sublime Porte will be justified
if she cannot admit the employment of expressions so
equivocal as those of the convention, or particular dispo-
sitions in favour of the great community of so many mil-
lions of subjects who profess the Greek rites.
" Such being the points which present difficulties to the
Sublime Porte, she cannot, notwithstanding her great
regard for the advice of the great powers her allies, and
her sincere desire to renew her relations with the Imperial
Government of Russia, her friend and neighbour—she
cannot, I say, do otherwise than confide to the equity and
justice of the great powers the considerations relative to
her rights of sovereignty and to her independence.
" If the last note proposed by the Sublime Porte be
accepted, or if the Vienna note receive the desired modi-
fications, the Ottoman Cabinet will not delay to sign one
or other of these two propositions, and to send imme-
diately an Ambassador Extrordinary upon the condition
of the evacuation of the Principalities.

_
" The government of the Sublime Porte alio expects a
substantial guarantee on the part of the groat powers
against all interference for the future, and all occupation
from time to time of the Principalities of Moldavia and
Wallachia. And the aim of the Ottoman government in
fortifying itself with precautions to this degree, consists
in the wish to shun everything which could bring about a
misunderstanding between the two empires after the Sub-
lime Porte shall have renewed relations with the Court of
Russia.
" The points of the project of Vienna relative to the
affair of the Holy Places, and the construction of a church
and an hospital at Jerusalem, have received the complete
adhesion of the Sublime Porte.

"A. copy of the note of Vienna, containing also some
modifications which the Imperial Government hasdeemed
it proper to make, has been transmitted to your excellency.
" The Sublime Porte, with the intention of giving one
more proof of her particular regard for the powers signa-
taries of the treaty of 1841—although she would naturally
prefer the project which she herself previously drew up—
is ready to accept the Vienna note with the modifications
which she has made in it ; and she hopes that the powers
who have not ceased to recognise from the beginning of
this question the rights of the Imperial Government, and
to give evidences of their good wishes, appreciating these
modifications, will act accordingly.
" His Majesty the Sultan having ordered me to commu-
nicate the preceding to your excellency as well as to the
other representatives your colleagues, I acquit myself of
this duty, praying your excellency to accept on this occa-
sion, &c. (Signed) " REDSCHID."

(Front the Times.)

The Note addressed by the Porte on the 19th
of August to the Conference at Vienna, in return-
ing with objections and alterations the draught
prepared for its acceptance, was already known to
the public in its principal conditions ; but we have
now laid the text of this document before our
readers. It will be found to confirm our previous
statement, that, in addition to the required altera-
tions, the Turkish Government made its proposal
to send immediately an Ambassador to St. Peters-
burg conditional upon the evacuation of the Prin-
cipalities, and that it also expects a solid guaran-
tee from the Great Powers against future inter-
ference, and against the renewed occupation of the
Moldo-Wallachian provinces. These additional
stipulations are, of course, highly important, but
they are addressed rather to the Conference than
to the Russian Government, and it appears to
have been thought at Vienna that the most pres-
sing matter for solution was the acceptance of the
terms of the draught note.
On this part of the subject the Turkish answer
is
feeble both in style and argument. The critics
In London, who have exercised their ingenuity
in picking holes in this compromise, have made out
ap
by
year which
to
ieh us m
a far better case for the Turks than they have
done for themselves ; and the alterations in the
document
oreariengeeunpipoeurstetdh.an
Thethe
arguments
they first paragraph which they criticise they appear
to have misunderstood, for they complain
reads as if the privileges of the Greek Church in
the East were solely due to the active solicitude of
the Emperor of Russia ; whereas
the truth is,
that the paragraph distinctly declares and recites,
that if the Emperors of Russia have shown their
active solicitude on behalf of those privileges,
the
Sultans have been no less ready to secure them.
The Turkish Government is entitled to the full
credit of the concessions which have been made to
its Christian subjects "since the reign of Sultan
" Mahmoud, the conqueror of glorious memory ;"
but it is notorious to all the world that these privi-
leges have been powerfully assisted by the " active
solicitude," not of Russia alone, but of all the
Christian Powers. For instance, ten years have
not elapsed since the influence of Lord Stratford

de Redcliffe obtained from the Sultan, as a remark-
able concession, that Christians who relapsed to
their first religion, after having embracedand sub-
sequently renounced Islamism, should not be put
to death, as the Turkish law required ; and not a
month passes in which the Christian Embassies at
Constantinople are not actively engaged in
protest-
ing against some acts of cruelty of injustice com-
mitted on Christians by the Turkish authorities in
the provinces. That sort of interference is not
based on any diplomatic compact, but is constantly
and vigorously exercised, and by no one more than
by the British Ambassador, who has powerfully
contributed to render the condition of the Christian
subjects of the Porte less oppressed' and humili-
ating than it would otherwise have deep. Yet we
are told that every one of those benefits
is a pure
emanation of the personal generosity and innate
clemency of the house of Osman, that is, of a race,
which, till within the -last 25 years, has treated
everything Christian with systematic insolence and
unqualified ferocity.
It has been generally thought in the West of Eu-
rope that the best and most iniportant of the pro-
posed amendments is the last of the five, consisting
chiefly in the limitation conveyed by the words " Ot-
toman subjects;" for it ca tvof reasonably be con-
tended or admitted that thereek 'Subjects of Tur-
key ought to be entitled, as of right, to all the pri-
vileges a which may be conceded to the chaplains or
religious rites of foreign sects in the empire such
las a French convent or an American mission-
ary's school. This was unquestionably one of the
points on which Prime Menschikofri Note laid a
trap for the Porte, and the Conference of Vienna do
not appear to have sufficiently guarded themselves
against misconstruction on so essential an article.
But, curiously enough, this argument is not to be
found in Redschid Pasha's communication to the
Conference at all. The alteration was made, but
imperfectly explained, and the subject has been
chiefly elucidated by subsequent discussion in
London.

In the first part of this Note the Porte complains
that the draught communication prepared at Con-
stantinople was not even taken into consideration
by the Conference at Vienna ; but, as this docu-
ment consisted only of a short Note, enclosing a
protest, and leaving the questions in dispute un-
touched, it was not thought calculated to lead to
any useful negotiation. A more tangible ground
of complaint against the Vienna Conference is,
that it adopted a proposal to be signed on behalf
of the Sultan without consulting the Sultan's Am-
bassador at Vienna. We think it is to be regretted
that this Envoy was not called upon to give his
opinion, as he might have anticipated or precluded
some of the objections subsequently raised, and a
mark of deference would have been paid to the
Ottoman Government.

The Note of Redschld Pasha now before us is
addressed to the Conference, and not to the Court
of Russia, with which, indeed, the diplomatic rela-
tions of Turkey are suspended. But, if this expla-
natory paper has been transmitted to the Emperor
Nicholas by the Conference, we fear that it is even
less calculated than the alterations in the Note itself
to bring about a pacific solution. It is, in fact, more
peremptory on some of the points in dispute than the
correspondence of Redschid Pasha at a much earlier
pei iod of these negotiations ; and it bears stronger
marks of the influence of a party determined onittr.
That party has long existed in the Divan, and per-
haps it has been secretly excited by the agents of
Russia, who would hurry on the Ottoman Empire
to its destruction. But its enthusiasm has been
increased and its hopes excited by the display of
barbaric force which the Seraskier has been able to
make. The arrival of the naval and military re-
inforcements from Egypt and of some of the martial
tribes of Asia Minor has still further increased this
rash confidence in the strength of the Turkish
armaments, and the cry of the Mussulman popula-
tion inflames the combatants in the field and the
passions of the Divan. Under these circumstances
the Vienna Note arrived, and after a protracted
deliberation the efforts of the Ambassadors of the
Four Court* failed to procure its acceptance.
On the other hand, we still wait with anxiety
for intelligence from St. Petersburg of the accept-
ance or rejection of the alterations by the Emperor
Nicholas. A telegraphic dispatch reached London
yesterday, via. Berlin, stating merely that the
Russian Government had come to no decision on
the Turkish modifications, the details not having
yet reached St. Petersburg, so that it is probable
some few days more must elapse
before the deter-
mination of the Emperor can be definitively known.

( From the Morning Chronicle.)
After many so-called final solutions, the Eastern
question has once more reached a point at which
the next move may really be final ;
be wrong to disguise the fact that it may also be
but the first step in a new series of negotiations
and difficulties. It is impossible to anticipate with
any confidence a result which entirely depends on
the thoughts and passions of one human being ;
and it is well to be prepared for all the possibilities
which may be involved in the transmission of the
modified Note for the acceptance of the Emperor.
If he possesses—not the magnanimity which flat-
terers, from interest or from natural bias, are ever
ready to attribute to an absolute Monarch—but
the good sense for which he has generally obtained
credit, the probability must be strongly in faTour
of his immediate acceptance of the modifications.
Whether the suggested alterations are important
or trivial, it is at least open to the astute diplo-
matists who execute the Imperial will to assume
that they are merely verbal. It is only necessary
for them to say that the inserted phrases are mere
explanations, fully covered by and contemplated
in the original text of the Note ; that to communi-
cate is to represent, and that to represent is to
communicate ; that he who grants concedes, and
that he who concedes grants ; and that the provi-
sions relating to the privileges of the Greek Church,
though couched in general terms, mean exactly that
to which the proposed phrase, cc subjects of the
Sultan," definitely limits their sense. All this the
Four Powers have, by their transmission of the
proposed modifications, already shown that they
assume ; and Russia may, with perfect outward
consistency, concur in the assumption.
If this be the result, all will be well—as well, at
least, as it can be under the circumstances. All
will then be finally settled, so far as the imme-
diate occasion is concerned. Fortunately, it
will not be possible to forget either the spirit
shown by Russia, or the peril to which both
the Ottoman Empire and the peace of Europe
have been exposed by an unprincipled attempt at
aggrandisement. No permanent barrier may have
been raised against Imperial encroachments ; but a
serious and memorable check will have been sus-
tained. The vigilance of Western statesmen must
still be directed, without relaxation, to the Eastern
horizon, where the present generation may yet be
destined to see more than one cloud—no bigger, it
may be, than a man's hand, and appearing, per-
haps in the form of a diplomatic note—and rapidly
darkening and spreading into a storm of European
war. But, for the present, the tempest will have
blown over.

to Russia
This will be the case if the Emperor accepts the
note, and the result will be due to the sense and
spirit of our statesmen, and to the union of France
i as they
and England. But what if the modifications are
refused ? Technically speaking,. as. was observed
reed-
by our correspondent "M. P.," it is open
to reject them, on the ground that the note
which was
ten-
dered by the Four Powers has been accepted, and
that the modifications constitute a distinct docu-
ment.vert
to
their
ir the
formerw o rst ,
position, however,
remainingthings
is not so
stood befere the note was framed.
.Neither party
will have literally accepted the. advice
to choose
offered ; and some new solution must be found.
The Emperor Nicholas will have added nothing
the strength of his case ; whilst h.e has shown that
his confidence in the justice of his pretensions, or
rather in his power to maintain them,
entire as to render him wholly averse to a
- compro-
mise. d
EAubroovpeeaaullp,
ohweersis. stHilleihnasprsetppsiller:ee
client crisis
precipitate
between peace and war—between passion and in-
terest—between an acquiescence which may be
eussions which
covered by plausible self-congratulations, and a
garne
a t. increase The
naceorcollision with opponents who are strongeorfthpae
him-
self at every possible point of contact. In this view,
divertunless some edeubnaftoersesoefensteavteesnmt
esuh,outbld.e
of ex-
penditure notbut imnveorelvlye
athperodloiruegcattaioltuernofadtiisve
doubt
are already
h isalreadyprotracted,
tOO
0d
and danger which have for many months impended
over Europe may be continued, and yet there may
be a peaceful solution in the end. For the pre-
sent, it is only necessary to illustrate the possibility
of further negotiations by. suggesting that the
Emperor may, perhaps, reject the modifications,
not as inadmissable, but as tautological and super-
fluous. Such a declaration, embodied in a formal
shape, would become an authoritative gloss, not
less binding than the text to which it would apply ;
but it would be necessary once more to remit the
. question to Constantinople for a final decision.

The solution which we suggest is one of many
which would still posiipone a definitive settlement.
These delays-and difficulties are the worst results
which can at present be regarded as probable.
We state them strongly, for we feel no desire to
underrate them ; but still they are the worst.
And in themselves they fall far short of the evils
which would be involved in a general war ;
again, there tre worse evils e-ven than those. It
cannot be doubted that all sides of the question
have received, and will continue to receive, due
appreciation from the statesmen to whose bands
are entrusted the interests and the honour of Eng-
land. Whether the reward of their prudence is
yet to be deferred, or whatever perilouwalterna-
fives may yet test their courage and their judg-
ment, we shall not be forward to embarrass their
exertions, or to accept the belief or assertion of
faction, that those who feel most deeply responsi-
bilities so tremendous are therefore most ready to
shrink before them.

DINNER TO OENERAL SIR JOSEPH THAOK-
WELL AT OLOCESTER.

• On Tuesday a public dinner was given in the Shirt
hall, at Glocester, to Sir Joseph Thackwell, G.C.8., in
testimony of the eminent military services which he has
rendered to his country. About 200 gentlemen con-
nected with the city and county met to do him this
honour ; the Mayor (Mr. Washbourn) in the chair, Mr.
A. H. Philpotts, vice-president. It had been announced
that the Earl of Ellenborough would take part in the
proceedings, but the noble lord was unable to be present,
a circumstance which seemed to cause considerable dis-
appointment. Letters apologising for unavoidable ab-
seece were received from Lord Shelburne, Lord Ducie,
Lord de Manley, Lord Bathurst, Admiral Berkeley, Sir
C. W. Codrington, Sir H. Johnston, &c.
Grace having been said by the Rev. Dr. Claxson,
The MAYOR gave in succession "The Queen," " Prince
Albert and the Royal Family," followed by the "Bishop
and Clergy of the Diocese."
The MAYOR then proposed " The Health of Sir J.
Thackwell," which was drunk with great enthusiasm.
Sir J. TRAMMELL, on rising, was received with re- 1
peated rounds of applause. He said—Mr. Mayor and
gentlemen, permit me to offer you my warmest thanks
for the honour you have done me in inviting me to this
public dinner. Allow me to express to you, sir, my
grateful thanks for the very flattering manner in which
you have proposed my health, and to you all for the
handsome way in which you have received the toast. It
is impossible that I can follow the mayor in all he has
said, but I am proud to say that I may consider myself
an inhabitant of this loyal city. I was a resident in it
for three years, and during that time I had the happiness
to make the acquaintance of many gentlemen connected
with it ; but it was impossible I could calculate on the
high and distinguished testimony of approbation of my
military services which you have this evening bestowed
on me. (Cheers.) I may say, indeed, that this is my na-
tive county, and I will ever cherish with grateful re-
membrance the period of my life which I 'vent here.
And if on any future occasion my country should
call me again to active service—(a tremendous burst of
cheering presented the conclusion of the sentence being
heard.) This I may regard as one of the proudest days
of my life. I have always considered that after the ap-
probation of his gracious Sovereign, that of his fellow-
countrymen was the most distinguishing mark of favour
that a soldier could receive, and, therefore, allow me
again to express my grateful feelings for the kind ap-
proval of my military services you have been pleased to
bestow on me. The illustrious Duke, now no more, the
gallant Anglesey, and Lord E. Somerset were my early
instructors in the art of war, and it was only by follow-
ing the wise plans and counsels of the chief now at the
head of her Majesty's army, then in India, and of Lord
Gough, the Commander-in-Chief, that under the blessing
of Providence the discipline and valour of the officers
and soldiers of the Indian army insured the successful
issue of all military operations in the battle-field.
(Cheers.) I must here be permitted to observe that I
have been exceedingly gratified by the observations
which fell, a short time ago, from the Rev. Dr. Claxson.
(Hear, hear.) Allow me again to express my grateful
thanks for the approbation you have manifested of my
services, and to wish you and this city every degree of
success and prosperity. (Cheers.)
Sir M. C. BOVEY proposed " The health of Earl Fitz-
hardinge," after some observations laudatory of that
nobleman. The toast was drunk with the usual honours.
Earl FITZHAREINGE returned sincere thanks for the
manner in which his health had been drunk, and like-
wise for the kind and flattering way in which it had been
proposed. When he first saw an announcement in the
newspapers that this dinner was to be given to Sir
Joseph Thackwell, though he was not in very good
health at the time, he lost not a moment in writing to
request that his name might be put down as one of the
company, being anxious to join in giving a cordial wel-
come to the gallant officer, and to express his gratifica-
tion that they could claim him not only as of this coun-
try, but of this town. (Cheers.) No man was more
thankful for the blessings of peace than he was, and he
was happy to say, and he hoped he could say with truth,
that they were now at peace with all Europe, and that
war had now ceased in all their colonies and dependen-
cies. (Cheers.) But as they prized the blessings of peace
so were they bound to return thanks to those by whom,
under Providence, such peace had been obtained—and
pre-eminent among their brave countrymen stood their
honoured guest. (Cheers.) The Peace Society and their
supporters were pursuing the same object which he had
at heart, but they differed very widely as to how that
object was to be obtained. (Cheers.) His decided con-
viction was that if their counsels were adopted the pro-
bable, if not the positive consequence, would be war and
invasion. (Hear.) The greatest practical Peace Society
that lie knew of were the crews of the Wellington and
the Agamemnon—(cheers)—and the best guarantee that
they had for the peaceful possession of their lives and

their properties was that which they had hitherto pos-
sessed, and which they could still command—the gallant
services of such brave men as Sir Joseph Thackwell.
(Cheers.) He was, to use the words of the old ballad,
one of those "gentlemen of England " who " lived at
home at ease." For that ease he was enough grateful,
and therefore he had come there to tender his thanks to
their honoured guest, and to reiterate, with his whole
heart and soul, that which had been so feelingly ex-
pressed by the Mayor—that he might long enjoy health
and prosperity among his countrymen and friends, who
never could forget the debt of gratitude which they owed
him. (Cheers.)

Earl 'FrrzHit.RDINGE again rose, and said he had to pro-
pose the health of a nobleman who, he knew, deeply re-
gretted his absence on that occasion, and who was unfor-
tunately absent on a moat mournful duty—that of at-
tending the last obsequies and funeral rites of one of the
most gallant men England had ever known—he meant
the funeral of Sir Charles Napier. (Hear.) He had to
propose " The Health of the Earl of Ellenborough."
(Cheers.) The toast was drunk with all the honours.
Sir J. TRAMMELL said, the mayor had permitted him
to propose a toast, which he hoped would be drunk in
respectful silence. The qualifications and the exploits
of the great Duke whose loss they all deplored were so
well known to them that it was needless for him to say,
a single word on the subject. He would, therefore,
without a word of comment, propose " The Memory of
the great Duke of Wellington," to be drunk in solemn
silence. The toast was accordingly drunk in solemn

silence.

Mr. S. BAKER gave " The Members for the County of
Glocester ;" and Mr. C. HAYWARD gave "The Members
for the City of Glocester," both of which were drunk
with great cordiality.
Mr. W. P. PRICE, M.P. for Gloucester, in acknow-
ledging the toast, said, he had been frequently called on
of late to return thanks for himself and his gallant col-
league (Admiral Berkeley), but he especially regretted the
absence of his colleague on the present occasion, because
he knew he would have been delighted to give utterance
to the admiration and respect with which one gallant
man was always inspired in the presence of another.
(Cheers.) None could appreciate more highly than his
hon. colleague the distinguishedservices of their honoured
guest, and had he been present he would have given
expression to his sentiments with all the frankness that
belonged to his noble profession, and with all the
warmth and sincerity of his heart. He cordially re-
turned thanks for the honour which had been conferred
upon them.
Sir J. THAOKWELL proposed " The Health of the
Mayor," which was drunk with loud cheering, and duly
acknowledged by his worship.
Some other toasts were disposed of, and the company
separated.

THE YOUNG PRINCES AT THE DUBLIN EXHIBITION.—
On Friday, while the Queen and Prince Albert were
giving kind and interested attention to the more im-
portant sections of the Dublin Exhibition, the young
Princes were equally close in their inspection of the
toys. They made several spirited purchases out of their
pocket-money—horse soldiers, peg tops, &c., the Prince
of Wales being evidently a connoisseur in the last-named
article. Coming up to a stand upon which specimens of
bog oak carvings are exhibited, his Royal Higness selected
an elaborately carved ornament, asking the price in
quite a manly off-hand sort of way. The boutiquer in
attendance, quite overwhelmed with the unexpected
honour, answered distractedly, "a shilling," the real
price being about 15s. The Prince, with a promptitude,
worthy the future ruler of a great commercial nation,
closed with the bargain at once, laid down his shilling,
and walked off with his prize. This little incident may
make the exhibitor's fortune, who is constantly surrounded
by groups of the curious, and preserves the shilling under
a glass vase, only to be shown to the most favoured of
the customers. Both the Princes exhibit a right royal
anxiety to promote the important manufacture of comfits
in this portion of her Majesty's dominions. They were
early visitors at Mr. Leman's laboratory, and particu
larly admired a model of the Exhibition building in
hardbake, but were strongly of opinion that an early
demolition would be the most satisfactory way of dis-
posing of it.—Dublin Paper. •

ri)RIOE SD.

THE COLLISION ON THE GREAT NORTHERN

RAILWAY.

CLERKENWELL POLICE-COURT.

This court was densely crowded at noon yesterday,
in consequence of that hour having been appointed for
the examination of Richard Pardington and Joseph
Wood, the driver and stoker of the engine of the ex-
press train by which the alarming collision took place
at Hornsey on the afternoon of yesterday week.
The Great Northern Railway were represented by
Mr. Clarkson ; whilst the two prisoners were defended
by Mr. Rawlings. The principal officials of the com-
pany were also present.
The prisoners were charged with negligence, in jeopar-
dising the lives of the passengers who were travelling
with them on the day stated.
Mr. Williams said he could see the station signal
1,071 yards, London side. The curves would not in-
terfere with the sight of the danger signal. The Lon-
don danger signal is on the opposite side of the up-line.
The semaphore means the danger signal. The two
fixed signals are both semaphores on the London side ;
the first is called the distance signal.
George Borlase Child said, he was the surgeon of the
City Police, of 11, Finsbury-place South. His atten-
tion was called to the sufferers directly after the acci-
dent. With the exception of Mrs. Harrison, they are
all doing well. Mrs. Harrison is in a most dangerous
state at present.
Edmund Couter—Was station-master at Hornsey.
Remembered the shunting of the coal truck at five
minutes to five. The tender got off the hne. The
danger signals were all put up when the coal train ar-
rived. There were four signals—two up and two down
—before we shunted across the main line. Radborne
held the points as the train crossed, and put the coals
on the siding. The down siding is a short siding sta-
tion, but can shunt 50 trucks on the up side. Observed
the tender off the line as soon as the engine passed.
The trucks and engines were all safe, but the tender
lost a wheel. The shunting can be effected in
two minutes. When the wheels of the tender
were seen off the line, he told Radborne to take
the red flag, and run up the line towards London,
which he did as fast as possible ; that was before
five. Told Hickey to run down the line. He went
to the telegraph office, and sent a message to
London ;it was about a minute past five. Every other
message was stopped, because he gave S. P., which
means a special message. Near that time, as the express
came up, saw a red flag taken up and waved by a porter
close to his office. Saw several persons hold up their
hands, as denoting danger. The speed of the express
train had not been taken off when he saw it, as it came
round the curve. Saw the express train coming before
it reached the distant signal, which was about half a
mile on the London side. From that time until the col-
lision he perceived no alteration in the speed of the ex-
press train. Observed the driver shut off the steam, and
reverse the engine, when nearly opposite the door of the
station, which was 100 or 150 yards from where the
wheels were off the tender. The engine was coming at
between 30 and 40 miles an hour when the collision took
place. When a driver shuts off the steam, we see it
does not pass upward from the funnel. When the en.
gine was coming round the curve, saw the steam coming
from the funnel, as it does always. He reversed the
engine opposite the door of the station, which would
have been of no use if the steam had then been shut off.
Cross-exa,mined. by Mr. Rawlings—Had been in the
company's service about three years—five months as
porter, and about two years as foreman at St. Neot's ;
lie then became station master at Offord, where he re-
mained five months. Then he went to Hornsey about
three months since. Had never known Hornsey station
before he was appointed master. The coal train arrived
at five minutes before five, but was due at ten minutes
past eleven. It was the duty of the porter to put up
the signals. He was at the back of the station when
the coal train arrived. Will swear that the whole of
the signaLs were up before the coal train arrived. If
Radborne had said otherwise he was wrong.
[The porter, Radborne, here said, both the signals
were put up before the coal train was shunted.]
Cross-examination of Mr. Couter continued —The time
occupied in shifting and putting the signals up occupied
about three minutes altogether. He telegraphed about
a minute past five. When the tender was off, directed
Radborne to run with a flag, but did not provide him
with fog signals. The rules enjoin that fog signals
should be put down when accidents occur. The ordinary
train is due at Hornsey at 12.36. There were 10 or 15
minutes to spare after shunting, before the express train
arrived.

Magistrate—What use is it asking questions about the
12.36 train ?

Mr. Rawlings said he wanted to show that there were
different tables for the use of the public and the servants
of the company.
Cross-examination continued—Was on the down side
when the accident occurred, and saw the express train
before it reached the distant signal on the London side
—it might be about 20 yards. Never saw a train pass
the danger signal when it was up, although Radborne
had said it was sometimes done. (Radborne here said,
that he had seen trains pass the danger signals about 20
yards when the rails were slippery, but not when they
were dry.] Cannot tell the cause of the accident to the
coal train. Sent the red flag down by way of extra
precaution, according to the printed rules.
By Mr. Clarkson—lt would have consumed more
time and impeded the course of the porter, if he had de-
layed to put down the fog signals. Knew the time be
telegraphed by the station clock.
Mr. W. Baxter—Am clerk to the telegraph office at
King's-cross. The telegraph was at work at five o'clock
last Wednesday. Received a stop to the working by
S. P.—signifying special--which stops everything else.
Received that message at one minute past five from
Hornsey. The message was to stop the express.
Rushed out immediately to the inspector, and then re-
turned to finish the message. The express train had
gone—it was 200 yards off, too late to stop it.
Cross-examined—Keep a book, stating the time of
arrival of every message. Produced an extract, but the
book was not here. He would fetch it.

Archibald Sturrock was locomotive engineer. Knows
the distant signal between Hornsey and London. It is
ditant from the station signal 534 yards exactly. Knows
the position of the tender where the accident occurred

—it was 130 yards from the station to the point of col-
lision. The distant signal can he seen 510 yards by an
ordinary sized man standing on the plate of the engine.
That would make the point of collision 1,174 yards. An
engine-driver could bring his engine up, if he observed
the signal, before getting to the station,' travelling at
express rate. He would have had more time to do so if
he had been upon the look-out when the fixed signal
was first put up ; he had time then to stop his engine
before reaching Hornsey, if the rails were dry. Last
Wednesday was a fine day.
Cross-examined —Had had considerable experience,
and had driven the Queen over that part of the line.
Had often seen trains pass while the danger signal was
up ; they were put up sometimes when a passenger was
to be taken up. There is an inclined little beyond the
signal post of about 1 in 100 towards Hornsey, in that
part of the line. The number of breaks make a diffe-
rence in the stopping of a train, also the number of
guards, and whether they were inside or out. The
guard should obey the signal of the whistle imme-
diately—three short whistles, which is known by the
guard to be an alarm signal. He appointed the drivers
and firemen. Knew the fireman of the express train—
he had been a very short time on this line ; he had
until recently been only employed in the sheds of the
company. It is of consequence to the driver to have
an experienced fireman. It is possible for a fireman not
to make a fire if an inefficient map is on the engine.
The fireman was not in a good position. He is subor-
dinate to the driver. If the fireman put coke too near
the tubes instead of the corners he would not get so
much steam. Firemen are always removed when they
do not agree with the drivers ; engine-drivers are under
penalties if behind time—sometimes lose a day's pay.
The coal truck was due in the morning ; the cause of
the accident was that the piston broke. Why the
tender was off the line was unexplained to the present
time, so far as he knew.
Re-examined—Had never received a complaint from
Paddington as to his fireman, nor any complaint from
any other person. Never knew a person so absurd as
not to throw the coke into the fireplace. The fireman was
very competent, and had been long engaged on the
London and North-Western line in the same capacity.
Great care was taken in selecting them, in order to in-
sure safety.

The telegraph book was then produced by the clerk,
who read the copy of the message.
Mr. Frederick Davis—Does not belong to the Tele-
graph Company, nor yet the Great Northern Railway
Company. Am a loather-dresser living at Luton. Was
a passenger in the express train. Before arriving at
Hornsey he saw a man with a red flag. He thought it
was rather less than a mile from the station. It was
before we got to the distant signal. The man was
waving the flag. Heard the man scream out. Ex-
pected a check in the speed when he saw the flag, but
there was none—rather an increased speed. Saw the
man as the train passed, who was between the bridge
and the milestone. It was on the London side of the
corn-field. The time when he felt the shock after he had
seen the flag was about two minutes. Did not discover
the least checking of the speed until the collision.
Cross-examined—Was sitting with his face to the en-
gine on the left-hand side of the seat. Was quite sure
he saw the red flag before the train reached the signal.
Was quite clear that he heard a man screaming.
John Fordham—Am a grocer's assistant at Totten-
ham. WAs at the Hornsey station at the time of the
accident. Saw the engine and tender of the coal trucks
get off the line. Knew Radborne. Heard the station.
master give him directions, and he in consequence went
up the line with a red flag. Saw the man out of sight.
(Great laughter.) He went past the cutting. After-
wards he saw the express train coming. The danger
signals were up before the shunting. He himself saw
the steam ascending over the hill, and therefore seized a
flag, and ran up the line and held it up -as high as he
could. The driver appeared to see him, and he then
stopped. They did not appear to slacken the speed,
but there did appear to be an alteration of some kind.
The express train appeared to be coming at its usual rate.
Saw the train the moment it rounded the curve of the
cutting. When the train passed it was going very fast.

The wind of the train compelled him to move slightly
backward. Saw the collision take place. It was a very
er one, but never saw one before, and never wished
ttosrhleec
another.
Cross-examined—Was waiting at the station to reeeive
a parcel. Saw the shunting. The coal train had arrived
a few minutes before the shunting. One of the pokeis
put up the signal when the coal train arrived before the
shunting, but put up his flag in a few minutes after; the
porter ran with his flag.
Mr. Clarkson said that, before the witness withd.row,
he wished, on the part of the directors of the Great
Northern Railway Company, and on his own part per-
sonally, publicly to thank him for the great energy he
had displayed when he saw the probability of a (elision.
In this sentiment he was sure the worthy magistrate
would fully coincide, as also the public in general.
Fordham—Thank you, sir, for the compliment.
R. Strickland was head-guard of theft-pro's down
train. Was aware of the rule that three sharp bests of •
the whistle would denote that assistance was wanted to
put on the breaks. Such a signal was not given to hiUl
on the day of the accident--at least he did not hear
them. There were three breaks to the trait that night.
The train was going at the speed of SO or-40 miles an
hour. If any signal had been given he would have en-
deavoured to stop the train. It was a fine cl.v. Brad-
shaw, my companion guard, was injured. He hiinself
was injured by jumping off directly after the collision.
Cross-examined—lt was his duty to look out at at
stations, but he did not look out at Hornsey, and did
not see the signal. He was sorting his letters and per.
cels, according to his duty, (and, therefore, could not
look out ; if he had looked out he could not give any
signal. Had applied the break. Left ,fling's-cross at
one minute past five, by his own watch, glad been
guard for several months on the express train, but only
one journey during the last month. That train usually
passes Hornsey station eight or ten minutes after five.
Re-examined—Was sorting my letters and parcels.
The break was within reach of his hand, and he could
have put it en in half a minute if he had heard a signal.
He saw the tender on the line, and he therefore jumped
off in order to save himself. Bradshaw and Marsh were

both injured. Do not think either of them applied the
break, as he felt no check. He was taken by surprise
when he saw the tender on the line, and immediately
put on the break.
Mr. Sturrock re-called, and examined by the magis-
trate—The fireman is always subordinate to the driver.
Is required to look out for all fixed signals at the station
or otherwise. If a fireman perceived a signal that the
driver did not, he should inform the driver. All signals

/ must be obeyed.
Mr. John Denniston, superintendent of the Great
Northern Railway Company, said that he was the esi-
tpreain. Wasrintenden f
t oafmthileialir wnei.
Could tell, when riding in a train, if a break were put
on. Was not sensible of any check until the train was
thWtashe a operationtreveller o byf thethe breaks.
Could s
pulled up by the collision. Had there been the sharp
beating of the whistle, he thinks he should have heard
it, but he did not till, the collision ; he had no doubt
about it. Did not observe any skn. The rails were not
slippery, for he had particularly examined them. Knew
' the spot where it was said Radborne had run to with
his red flag, and believed the train might have been
stopped without difficulty if the driver had seen the red
flag, and if he had been doing his duty. He knew the spot
thoroughly. It was the driver's duty to give the three
beats of the whistle, when it was his duty to shut off
the steam, reverse his engine, and put on his own break,
so that four breaks would have been put on altogether.
Fordham said the train consisted of seven carriages
and three break vans, besides the engine and tender.
Mr. T. Owen, recalled, and in answer to Mr. Raw-
lings, said--That he was locomotive foreman at Peter.
borough, and had been so ever since the opening of the
railway. Was at Hornsey station on Thursday last.
Knew the distant signals at that station. Observed
the part where the distant signal could be first seen
coming from London. Saw the place where they told
him the flag-man had been. Looked at the place where
the signal could be first seen by an engine-driver corn-
ing from London. The line goes through a curve in a
cutting at this part. The incline is towards Hornsey.
In his judgment the driver of the express train might
have stopped, if he had seen the signal as early as he
could ; there would, however, be some difficulty in his
stopping at the station. Am acquainted with engine
driving. Was a driver 10 years. He paid attention
to the fires on all occasions, and for that purpose opened
the door and closed it, and took notice whether the
fireman put on the coke as he ought. On some occa-
sions it was necessary for him to stoop down and look
into the fire-box. The glare did not affect his eyesight
in the daylight,
By Mr. Clarkson.—Knows the distance where the
man with the flag could be first seen ; it might be half
a mile; the driver could have seen him fully a quarter of
a mile. If the whole distance had been 1430 yards,
there could not be the least doubt that the driver might
have stopped his engine, if he had done his duty. Had
no doubt he could have stopped his engine within
1174 yards. If there had been three breaks in the
train, there was considerable power in the train, to
stop it whenever required. The train could have been
stopped within 1000 yards. Could look into the fire in
five moments.

Mr. Clarkson said, that he would have produced Brad-
shaw and Marsh, the other two guards, but they were too
ill. He had, however, produced all the other wit-
nesses in his power. He did not know what course
the worthy magistrate might think proper to pavane ;
but, before he pronounced his decision, he thought it to
be his duty to inform the Court, that the young woman
Mrs. Harrison was, he was sorry to say, in a very bad
state ; if this lady should die, why then the inquiry
must be resumed in a very different shape ; although
he feared what might be the ultimate result as regarded
the life of the young lady, he very much hoped that the
necessity would not arise.
Mr. Rawlings, on behalf of the driver and stoker, said
that it was his intention to address the magistrate upon
the point of jurisdiction ; but if he intended to postpone
his decision on the case, he would reserve his remarks
until a future occasion.

Mr. Tyrwhitt was quite willing to hear any observa-
tions that Mr. Rawlings might wish to address to him
on behalf of his clients ' • but, considering the present
unfortunate condition of Mrs. Harrison, there could be
no doubt that it would be better to postpone his decision
until it was known whether that lady would ultimately
recover or not. Under any circumstances, however, he
did not think it would be proper for any magistrate to
take upon himself to decide summarily upon a case of
such importance to the public. It ought most certainly
to be decided by a jury, and that a jury directed by one
of the judges at the Central Criminal Court. Sufficient
evidence bad already been produced by Mr. Clarkson
to decide him upon sending the case to a jury ; he
would not, however, under the circumstances, give his
decision that day, but postpone it till Wednesday next,
when Mr. Rawlings would have the opportunity of ad-
dressing him, if he thought proper to do so, on the point
of jurisdiction ; but he had not himself the remotest in-
tention of deciding the case under a mere penalty clause
—the case was far too important for that.
After some conversation between Mr. Clarkson and
Mr. Rawlings, it was agreed that the further considera-
tion of the inquiry should be formally postponed till
Wednesday next ; but then to be further prorogued till
Tuesday, the 20th instant.
The magistrate then directed the bail of the prisoners
to be enlarged till the 20th of the present month.

LIVERPOOL, IV ednesday.—The United States mail
steam-ship Artic, Luce. commander, took her departure
hence to-day for New York, with about 140 passengers,
a full cargo, and the usual mails on hoard. The clipper.
ship Sovereign of the Seas, belonging to Messrs. Baines
and Co.'s Black Ball line of packets, sailed hence for
Melbourne, this afternoon, with the largest and most
valuable cargo of merchandise ever shipped in one bot-
tom from any port in the world. The measured ton-
nage of her cargo was upwards of 2,700 tons, which gives
her a freight list of nearly 15,0001. ; while its estimated
value is over 200;000/. In addition to her cargo she
had 21 first-cabin, and 40 second-cabin passengers on
board. She was very deep, her keel being 22i feet be-
low water.

TUE WORKS AT WESTMINSTER PALACE. Ascending
the noble flight of steps from Westminster-hall to tb e porch,
the effect of the lofty arches is exceedingly fine; the height
from the pavement of the porch to the
crown of the vault
is 65 feet. The great window ,which is about 48 feet high
in the centre, and 25 feet wide, will be filled withg
stained glass before the next meeting,
of Parliament:
t.llll er gill a
as sr
di sm nowan
.L
beingook executed Looking
externally iin t h,e
the
a
ofs
next the window contain a series of sculpturedllfitgurest ' •
namely, that on the left hand, and beginning at the top,
Edward 111., Queen Philippa, St. George, and St. An-
drew ; and the turret on the right, Henry VII., Eliza-
beth of York, St. Patrick, and St. Stephen. he four
canopied niches forming the termination of the gable
contain statues of four monarchs, during whose reign
this and the adjoining buildings were erected, namely,
William Rufus with his face towards Westminster Hall,
Edward the Confessor looking towards St. Stephen's
Hall and cloisters, William IV. facing west, and Queen
Victoria looking to the Victoria Tower. The royal arms,
the separate insignia of England, Ireland, and Scotland,
badges, and names, from the sculptured adornments of
other parts of the geade. The want of story, by the way,
in the sculptured work adorning the Houses of Parlia-
ment always seems to us a subject of regret ; there is so
little to find out. We would have had it present a
translate.nobl epoe poem
The
instvoniectworhiaichTmoweenr oifs
advancing un tr
slowly,
escould
but steadily ; a height of about 20 feet has been carried
all
up during the present year by Mr. Jay. The top of it
is now 180 feet from the ground ; and when completed it
- will be more than 300 feet ! Between this tower and St.
Stephen's porch a range of buildings is being put up to
contain offices and committee-rooms for the peers, which
will shut out from view the exterior of the House of
Lords, now seen in Old Palace-yard, and present a hand-
some façade to the road, four storeys in height, with a
clock-tower in the centre, 120' feet from the ground.
Oriel windows, alternating with windows in recesses,
with balconies before them, will give life and va-
riety to this front. It will terminate almost iu a
point, containing a staircase, next the approach to St.
Stephen's Hall (with which it will communicate on the
ground-floor), so as not to interefere with the lights. At
the back of thisrange of buildings,and extending east, will
be a large apartment, not yet commenced, 45 feet long,
and 27 feet wide, to be called the Painted Chamber ; for
the complete decoration of which, with pictures in
fresco, Mr. Herbert, R.A., has received a commission,
and he is now, we believe, engaged in preparing
for the work. Hereafter it will be subject of won-
der that so vast a building was completed from
one plan, and in so short a, space of time as the West-
minster Palace has occupied. It will, nevertheless,
perhaps be more interesting when a few centuries have
, played their tricks on it.--The Builder.