The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-21 00:00:00

LONDON:'FRIbAY ,iIVENING, APRIL 21, 1854, ,

R. ALBERT SMITITS MONT BLANC,
Iv including the BEENESI OBERLAND and the SIMPLON,
Till EVENING, and Etery Evening at Eight o'Clock, (except
Sattirdao ;and Tuesday, Thursday, and Satuirdayllorrthigti, at Two.
-nails, 3s. (which can he taken at o
the box. ice eVery' day from 11
till 4 ; area, 2s:; gallery, ls.--Egyptlan Hail, Piccadilly._

AOT I CE. --CONSTANTLNOPLE. -- The
Lecture accomPadying the GRAND MOVING DIORAMA
of CONSTA.NTLNO t•LE Is now delivered onWecipesdays and Satur-
d Lys by Mr. JH. iTOQUELER, when-the pYogress and localities
of .he War will be more- particularly explained; and on the other
d-yt, as usual, by Mr. CHAR .ES -KENNEY. A very clear 'and
excellent Map has been added-to the Illustrations.—Daily at Half-
past Two and Eight.— admission, la.
EVYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY.

AURENT'S CASINO, ARGYLE Rooms
1.4 (Lessee, Cass. C. Langan," Ontilow-house, ft/Awn-road),
The above Rooms are now OPEN FOE THE SEASON.
and will coptinue open every • evening, with LAURENT'S
rELEBRATED RANT). Two Quadrilles on subjects of Meyerbeer s
Opera—L'F toile du Nord; a`•so, by H. La•zr nit, the following Waltzes
La belle Fret:came, Leonora, Villikins and his Dinah, and L'EtOile
du Nord Polka. Admission, ts. Doors oped at half-past 8. Diming
-to commence at 9 o'clock, and ter •dnate at half-past 11. .

•
fiENRY RUSSELL'S COPYRIGHT SONGS.
—Ca UMW to the TRADE —The nnlY Cheap Edition of
Cheer, Boys, Cht•er ; Far, far upon the Sea; Long Parte'i have we
been and. Mighty• Niagara, price 6d. each. To the West, to the
Nest Tlio Parting Test. ; Land, Land, Land ; The Slave ale
Come, w.. 0 I -s? The Slave Chase; and the African Village, at 3d.
each, sra Publ!shed in th, MUSICAL KOUQUET, at the office, 192,
High Holtiorn. all printers and vendors of any other cheep editions
than the above will be rigorously dealt with according to law. " I
hereby affirm that the Proprietor of the' Musical Bouquet' is alone
ent tied to publish cheep editions pf the above songS, all others being
illegal. (Sicned) REMIT Brum."

I). . • . .
UM SSS 1.; I, '-S:-L-BALL 'SUPPERS and
WE ()ONG BREAXFASTS'I3f,TRPLIEED. in the Arst style;
public breakfasts, dinners; and promenade suppers supplied by con.
tract ; a large stock 'of bride vakes for _mediate use,
from one to
twenty guineas each ta _handsome cake far Ave guineas, packed and
sent to any part of the country ifrecinited; andWarrattted-to.keep 12
months.--;Togs R: Pumas:Lt.; 162, Regent-street, . and 20, Ludgate-
hill, only. . .
. „ .

. .
TH E 011 0 L RA !
Prevented by the destruction cif all noxious callnia.
CREWS'S DISISTFECiIIIG FLUID.
• - • RECOMMIINDED BY: TNIC COMEON Or PHYSICIANS.
THE CEZAPIZIT AND FTIONGEBT CHLORINE OF ZINC. .
Quarts, 2s. ; Pints, Is. ;, 6d. Sold By all Chemists,
Druggists, and Shipping Agents, and at Commercial Wharf, Mile
End, London. Agents—Messrs: Drew, Meyward,and Barredilltish-
lane, Cannon-street, City. . '

THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

[A. summary of the following appeared in The
Sun of yesterday
The General Screw Steam Shipping Company's
steam-ship Hydaspes, Commander H. B. Benson,
arrived at Plymouth yesterday morning, bringing
mails in charge of Captain G. B. Jeffreys, R. N.,
Admiralty agent, from Calcutta, via Mauritius and
the Cape, 95 passengers, and a full and valuable
cargo of silk and Indigo.
Her dates are—Calcutta, January 15th; Madras,
20th ; CeYlon, 24th ; Mauritius, February Bth ;
Cape of Good Hope, 25th; St. Helena, March 6th ;
Ascension, 10th ; Fayal, April 13th.
The election of representatives in the Upper
House of /'arliatuent at tie Cape vras,nearly coin-
plete. Almost every seat had been contested.
• Sir George Clerk, formerly GOvernor of Bombay,
has' it is said,. twice declined the governorship at
the. Cape.. _ ' .
The abandonment of the Orange River Sove-
reignty, where it is alleged that gold hcis bsen dis-
covered, gives greatdissatisfaction to the colonists.

The forlowiii is a list of the troops at the Cape
of Good Hope :—The 2d (Queen's), numbering
about 500 ; the 12th Foot, 400 ; the 45th, 600 ;
the GOth Rifles, 600 ; the, 73d, 500 ; the 91st 400 • ,
and the Cape Corps, 1,000. _

The 12th-and 91si, received orders in January to
prepare for returning home. They were to be re-
lieved by the 21st and 63d, since ordered to the
East.

It is considered that since Sir George Cathcart's
system of colonial government has been adopted
the present military force at the Cape could be safely.
reduced.

At Table Bay, on the 24th of February, the
General Screw steam-ship Sir Robert Peel, Captain
Boxer, waiting the arrival of the English mail for
Natal. The ship Mersey, for Melbourne, and the
brig Vigilant, for Geelong, were ready for sea.
The barques Mary Ann, for Madras, the Perseve-
rance, for St. Helena, the. Marie Leo Candie and
the brig Hirondelle, for Melbourne, were to leave
on the 25th. The ship Devonshire, for London, on
the 27th, and the brig Ariel, for London, in a few
days.
The Hydaspes has had a long and very tedious
passage home. On the 31st of January, four days
previous to her arrival at the Mauritius, one of the
fan-blades broke off, and, after coaling at that
place, she proceeded to the Cape, where she arrived
on the 20th of February, making the passage from
Calcutta in 37 days. On the day of her arrival at
-the Cape a fatal accident occurred, which threw 'a
gloom over, every one on board. It appears that
the shears employed for the purpose of lifting the
broken screw previous to fixing a new one capsized,
carrying away the after guys, and, being above
the poop-deck at -the time, the shears and fan
fell forward, nearly breaking through the pooP.
The chief. officer Mr. Bryer, saw• the danger,
pushed others from it, fell underneath, and
was killed on the spot. The chief engineer, Mr.
Willcox, had his arm broken, and was otherwise
injured ; he was conveyed on shore to the hospital,,
where every attention was paid him, and we are
happy to hear he was progressing favourably on the
ship's departure: One fireman was slightly hurt ;
the other officers and men were saved by the energy
of Mr. Bryer, who was an excellent officer.
Afterfixing a new screw and coaling, theHydaspes
left the Cape on the 25th of February ; thence she
went to St. Helena and Ascension, and when
within 143 miles of St. Vincent, working against a
strong north-east trade wind and current, it was
found that there was not sufficient fuel on board
to convey her there. Captain Benson, Captain
Jeffreys, R.N., Admiralty agent, and the officers
then resolved to bear away for St. Jago for fur-
ther supplies, but when within two hours' sail of
liikt,,Paßnftite7aairid. ,diedraway, and the enrrent
drifted the steamer out to sea. again. It was then
determined to bear away for St. Vincent, which'
was accordingly done, but having beaten about for
five day); against a strong north-east trade wind
without gaining any ground, and the stock and
water getting scarce, it was resolved, with so large a
number of people on board, to give upthefruitless at-
temp, and to steer for the Azores. It was,-however,
fated she should encounter other disapfointments,
and she experienced a succession of calms and contrary
winds. On the 31st March she metthe American ship
M- de Embiel, in lat. 31 28 N., and long. 36 W.,
laden with coals froth Cardiff for the. Havannah.
It was nearly calm at the time, and the captain,
in the most considerate manner, supplied the
Hydaspes with coal and provisions. On the 9th
of April, when within 166 miles of Fayal, a gale
sprung up from the southward, which, in a 'very
heavy squall
,at 8.30 'a.m., chopped round to the
S. R'., thus enabling her to lay her course for that
island, where, at 7 p.m., on the 10th of April, she
dropped anchor in Horto Bay. After coaling and
taking in supplies, she left on the 13th. Notwith-
standing all her misfortunes and stoppages, she
made the passage from Calcutta to Plymouth in
95 days.
The English and American Consuls are greatly
praised for their able assistance in coaling and sup-
plying the ship 'at Fayal.
Her Majesty's steamer Alecto, Captain Crofton,
was at Ascension, refitting to come home. .
Among the passengers from Calcutta are Major
Huish, Capt. Fergusson, Captain Macleod, Lieu-
tenants E. Smyth, 13th N. 1., and W. Wilson, and
the Hon. Edward Douglas ; from Ceylon, Dr.
Donaldson ; from the Mauritius, Major Browne ;
from the Cape of Good Hope, Colonel Armstrong,
Colonel Cloete, Lieutenant-Colonel Forbes, Lieu-
tants Gore and Thompson ; and from Fayal,
Major Creagh.
The following ships were seen on the homeward
passage :
Point de Gale, January 30.—Her Majestys fri-
gate Fox, coming out ; February 19, the English
ship Chieftain, from Mauritius to London, 24 days
out, lat. 34 56 S., long. 20 58 E. ; March 10, her
Majesty's steamer Volcano, steering to the east-
ward off Ascension. Ascension, March 10.—Her
Majesty's steamer, Alecto, refitting for England ;
the French ship, Bella Cabana, 29 days out, from
Havre, bound for Guadaloupe, lat. 23 43 N., long.
32 34 W. ; March 29, the English schooner Eliza
Goddard, to the southward and eastward, lat. 27
54 N., long. 35 53 W. ; March. 31, the American
ship M. de Embiel, 19 days out from Cardiff,
bound to Havannah, lat. 34 28-N., long. 35 40 W.;
April 17, the ship Statesman, from Port Philip,
with golddust, out 71 days, bound to London, lat.
45 6 N., lung. 17 20 W.

taining from 20 to 50 grains have been discoVered lying
on the surfer*. Great
,excitement prevails, and--a party
of six is leaving . this -very_ hour for the gold diggings.
There is no doubt that- large quantitiss will be discov-
ered as soon as they begin
.digging in full earniat, and
especially with experienced men to direct them."
" BIIRGHERSDORP, Feb. 17.—Regarding the gold dis-
coveries, it is proved beyOnd the- least deubt that the
precious metal exists hire, and the most sangnine hopes
are entertained regarding • the -quantity which will be
found after -regular mining, under men of experience,
has been established. A- very, natural, Consequence of
this diScovery is; that people begin to find gold veins on
every farm, and reports are current that in Albert gold
was found yesterday. -writes on the 13th inst.,
that `diggings-will be stopped for the next week, owing
to the meeting at Bloeinfontein. This last week proves,
beyond any doubt; that gold exists in considerable quan-
tities here.. Parties have ridden out-to a Shaft which has
been sunk by subscription, 'and have returned with spe-
cimens of quartz, which, being examinedi produced seve-
ral nuggets., One of„ them weighed. 88 grains, another
63, another 36, and many small piecei were discovered
by washing.' About-the gold in the Trans-Vaal country,
various reports before us state, that 'gold his already
been found in abundance.' The boors have stopped the
search' until -the Sovereignty question has been settled,
and the 'Riad have decided on hiving their own money
for the repUblic."

-• AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE FRANKLIN.
- SOUTHAMPTON, APRIL 20.
By the United States' mail steam-ship Franklin, J.
A. Wotton cemmand,er, which arrived -off Cowes this
morning on her way to Havre, we have dates from New
York to the Bth inst.

The Franklin has $550,000 in specie, 550 bales of
cotton, and 100 packages of sundries for Havre, and
brought 134 passengers. In lat. 43 to 44, and long. 43
to 44, the Franklin passed a large number of icebergs.
This steamer brings no news of the arrival at Phila-
delphia of the steamers City of Glasgow and City of
Manchester. The former vessel was in her 40th day
from Liverpool, and it was feared she was either lost or
beset by ice in the Atlantic.

The New York Chamber of Commerce held its regular
monthly meeting on the 6th inst., during which, after
the transaction of preliminary business,
Mr. Walter R. Jones introduced an important series
of resolutions, having reference to the system of carrying
ion maritime warfare by means of privateers; condemn-
ing it in strong language, and sustaining the principle
that free ships shall make free goods, and the neutral
flag shall give neutrality to the cargo.
Recent proceedings relative to the same subject in the
British Parliament were referred to with approbation.
The following were the resolutions agreed to :

"1. That in the opinion of this Chamber the system of
carrying on maritime warfare by means of privateers is
contrary to the dictates of sound morality, inconsistent in
its spirit with the principles of justice and humanity, and
that the time has arrived when it should not be tolerated
by the laws of civilised nations. _ . .

" 2. That the depredations of privateers on private pro-
perty occasion much individual distress and ruin on the
one hand, without any adequate national benefits on the
other. That modern warfare can be carried on effectually
without resorting to such means of individual suffdring and
private plunder, which fall almost entirely on the commer-
cial classes.

"3. That the efforts now making in Europe to extin-
guish privateering by arrangements to be consummated
among the diplomatists of the Old World call for the co-
operation of the Government of the United States.

"4. That the treaty made by the United States and
Russia, in 1785, negotiated by the far-Seeing and. keen-.
sighted Franklin, whereby both Governments bound them-
selves not to issue commissions to privateers, discloses the
policy of that early day, and is well worthy of our support
at this time.

"5. That this Chamber notices with great gratification
the movement of Mr. Gibson in the House of COmmons, on

the 17th of March, praying her Majesty give special
instrtiotions to the officers commanding her Majesty's
cruisers in the event'of war to abstain from interfering with
neutral vessels on account of any. goods or property not con-
traband of war contained therein, and to direct her Minis-
ters to consider the policy of entering into treaty stipula-
tions with foreign countries on the principle that free ships
shall make free goods, and the neutral flag ,five neutrality
to the cargo ' and that this Chamber consider that these
principles should be sustained by the Government of the
United States in all its negotiations with foreign Powers.
"6: That in the opinion of this Chamber, in view of
the magnitude of the tonnage of this country and its rapid
increase, it is incumbent upon the Government of the
United States to exert a leading influence in this reform,
whether they regard the demands of justice and humanity,
or the interests of our citizens, so much exposed on every
ocean.

" 7. That a memorial be prepared and signed by the
officers of this Chamber, addressed to the President of
the United States, asking him to open negotiations with
other powers for the suppression of privateering; and, also,
for the recognition 'of the principle that free ships make
free goods. •
"8. That another memorial be prepared by them, and
addressed to the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States, asking them to pass such laws as will
in their own opinion check and essentially put a stop to
privateering."
Colonel Lee desired to embody in the same document
the subject of impressment of seamen. Itliad never been
settled by treaty with England, and was but imperfectly
understood. After some debate, •it was decided to be
inexpedient to agitate the subject at the present juncture.
This question thus coming up on the original resolu-
tions, they were at once adopted, and a committee of five
was appointed to prepare an appropriate memorial to be
forwarded to the President of the United States, and
the representatives in Congress Messrs. Perit, "ones,
Curti% Thoonix, and Kelly, were appointed as such
committee.

Upon the proceedings of the Chamber of Commerce
the New. York, Courier and Enquirer bases the following
remarks :

" The able and emphatic resolutions of the Chamber of
Commerce against privateering not only embody the views
of our enlightened commercial men, but reflect the senti-
ments of the intelligent public mind throughout the
country. They, are a genuine American expression of the
American sense of justice. The spirit of them cannot be
said to be new, for it has animated our legislation and our
diplomacy from the earliest period of our Republic. Frank-
lin made the suppression of privateering an important aim
in his negotiations, even prior to the establishment of the
Federal Constitution. Our great waiters upon international
law, both Kent and Wheaton, have condemned the in-
justice and inhumanity of the practice in the strongest
terms, and pronounced it unworthy of a place in the great
code of nations. Our acts of Congress have prohibited
every American citizen from engaging in it against any
Power with which the country is at peace, and have taken
away from the privateers of other nations the right they
would have, under international law, of bringing their
prizes into our neutral ports. Our, discouragement of pri-
vate war upon the ocean, and vindication of the rights and
privileges of neutral commerce, have in fact constituted a
distinctive American maritime policy. We took 'ad-
vanced ground at the outset upon these subjects, and, have
always consistently maintained it. If we have effected
no actual changes in the letter of international law,
it is because the disposition of other nations has
not corresponded with our own. But American in-
fluence has all the while been operating, and the
opinions and feelings of the great European Powers have
gradually grown consonant to ours. There is reason to
believe that England and France are now both willing to
meet the United States on its own high and liberal grounds,
and combine to bring maritime law into the form long
claimed by us, and indisputably required by the rights of
humanity and the civilisation of the age. It may be said.
that England is incited by her interests in these new move-
ments ,ag,ainst privateering. Undeniably she is. The
suppression of this species of warfare, which she formerly
did so much to encourage, has become to her of immense
importance. There can be no doubt th 4, if Russia were
disposed to tyrant, 'and the United States to accept and
employ, all the powers and privileges of privateering com-
missions allowed by the law of nations gas they now stand
and have stood for centuries, the approaching war would
be made three times more severe to England than it could
possibly be under other circumstancel. War risks would
fall so heavily upon English commerce as to cripple it com-
pletely. British ships would be safe nowhere. A single
one of our fastest American steamers converted to priva-
teering purposes, resistless against merchantmen and defy-
ing the pursuit of men-of-war, might fill an entire ocean
with alarm. Though owned by American citizens and
manned byAmerican sailors-, she might go out of an Americau
port, and even bring her prizes to American shores to be sold
after adjudication by a Russian prize court, and yet afford
England no just ground of complaint against our Govern-
ment for any infringement of the strict law of nations. We
admit, then, that it is not at all strange that the English
Government now evince such a willingness to intro-
' duce into international law the securities for commerce
which the United States have so long desired. There is no
real danger that any of these privateering rights will be
exercised. They are, not only repugnant to the spirit of
our people, but are contrary to our statute law. Yet there
is an apprehension in the English mind that privateering
may be carried on to a certain extent, and it has un-
doubtedly contributed to produce the rise in English ma-
rine insurances. It is, in a certain sense, true, that what-
ever artificial cause of this kind operates against English
shipping operates in favour of ours. Heavy insurances
upon British vessels give American vessels a material ad-
vantage in the carrying trade. But we are sure that no
such ephemeral consideration can divert our Government
one moment from improving the opportunity
of effectingthese groat commercial reforms in the law of nationsna-
tion,
which our own permanent interests as a commercialiave
as well as our own unchangeable sense of justice,
long impelled us to advocate. We 'cannot doubt that three
advances which, it has been announced in Parliament,
, are
about eent will
about to be made to our Government on the
the _
be met in a spirit that will speedily securaeathedie. uespijrreedseenTal..
The New York chamber of Commerce,
takenti ve o f
the
ee commercialinitiativein
the m interestsatt
matter;
thr
e trcountry,st thath a vteh nobly
oilak
Ad-
ministration will evince the same high purpose in carrying
it through to its final completion. •
"It is not to be supposedtihitetFhtriemanneeeelhvwatsiinlledhoemerseeteailardnianegdttoo
edrinefto
privateering.w t with England
btheeenmteartte
It
dis-
tinct and permanent recognition, in internationalgeedla47
and
that thhestAtmheerniceauntrparlifinciagpleehtahllagtifvraeoneshuitprlaslmityakteeftrheee
cargo.
is a principle which this country
Tong ago asserted, and
from which it will never recede. hero is no reason iu
law or in equity why neutral property should not be as
our own country in enlarging and.
safe from intrusion on sea as on shore. England has as
of neutrals. The time of her supre-
has for ever passed,
great
establishing
high
right
macy on and it would be
folly in her to attempt to hold on to the prerogatives she