The Sun.
London, England, 1854-06-13 00:00:00

On the 15th ofJane, In 2 vole , with tine Portraits engraved by
HEATH. trice 21 e.,
THE LIFE of MARGUERITE D' ANGOU-
L,:ME, Queen of Navarre, Sister of Francis I. From nume•
rdus unpublished sources, including M.S. Documents in the Biblio-
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_
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THE Commissioners for executing the Office of
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GR A V

No other Packets call a
The Packets call at the P 1
FROM TERRA

THE WAR IN THE EAST,

------
The following is from the special correspondent
of the Morning Chronicle :
" GALLIPOLI, May 31.—Marshal de St. Arnaud ar-
rived in this town on the 26th. Immediately after his
arrival he called a meeting at his head-quarters of all
the general officers, the heads of the different depart-
ments, and also of all the colonels of regiments stationed
at Gallipoli, and announced to them that from this date
forth he himself assumed the command of the army.
Hitherto General Canrobert fulfilled, ad interim, the
functions of general-in-chief, and every one here does him
but justice in saying that by his activity, and by his con-
stant solicitude, he has contrived, not only to provide
for all the necessities of his troops, but to maintain the
most perfect order, and to create establishments of
real utility, which will endure for ever at Gallipoli,
as a testimony of the activity and intelligence of the
French soldier. The English soldiers, whose number
does not now exceed 5,000, have taken a large part in
all the works, and the harmony which has never ceased
to reign between them and the French troops affords
ample proof how much time, events, and good policy on
the part of governments can influence the opinions and
feelings of nations whom ill-judged and ill-understood
rivalities have long kept in a state of mutual animo-
sity. The experience of the joint expedition to Tur-
key will be memorable in history, if but for this
one fact, that the soldiers of England and France,
so long the enemies lee plus acharnes, were no sooner
brought together in a common cause than their pre-
vious animosity changed into a rivalry for glory and
honours. It throws a new light on the feelings of
the two nations. The French and English are not natu-
ral enemies, as many have supposed. They are at the
head of the civilisation of the world, and whether as
friends or foes, they will always be rivals for the first
place. A retailer of sundries, who has established him-
self here, and who has dignified himself with the title of
" merchant," has made a rapid fortune, which he owes
to the artistical talents of a captain of the French staff.
The retailer being in want of a sign, the captain painted
him the figures of a Zouave and a Highlander, each
in the full uniform of his corps, each with a glass of
wine in the one hand and grasping his companion by
the other, in the act of trinquer-ing with great cor-
diality. This picture, though rather hastily sketched,
and though not particularly brilliant in some of its de-
tails, has had the most decided success among the sol-
diers of both armies, and has produced a greater and
better sensation than would have been accomplished by
the paintings of the greatest masters whose works are
preserved in the Louvre or the National Gallery. There
has been a run on the picture. Turkish pachas, Eng-
lish officers, and Armenian merchants have proposed to
purchase it at any price, but the fortunate possessor has
refused to part with it, and has announced his determi-
nation to transport his sign, as a trophy and the
origin of his fortune, to Varna, or wherever else the
allied troops may take up their quarters. General
Canrobert has taken leave of the troops in a very
modest order of the day, which has met with
general approbation. The following is the document:—
' At the moment of quitting the provisional command
of the French troops in the East, to place myself at the
head of the Ist division of infantry, I should be wanting
in my duty if I did not express, by the way of an order,
to my companions in arms, my warm thanks for the aid
they have lent me in order to facilitate the accomplish-
ment of the laborious mission which was confided to me."
On the 27th Marshal de St. Arnaud passed a general
review of all the French troops collected at Gallipoli.
The army was drawn up in order of battle from the bor-
ders of the Sea of Marmora t* the place where the forti-
fications commence, which unite that sea with the Gulf
of Saros. The front of the army was turned towards
the sea, and followed all the sinuosities of the ground.
The infantry was formed into columns, with the exception
of two battalions, which were deploys on the very
steep side of a hill, from which the coup d'teil embraced
the whole of the French army. It was a very imposing
sight. More than 30,000 men were drawn up there in
marching order and prepared for battle, together with
their cavalry and artillery—thirty-two battalions au
coniplet, three companies of sappers, seven squadrons of
cavalry, six batteries of foot artillery, four batteries of
horse artillery (of which one is intended for hill ser-
vice), a detachment of gendarmerie, and another of
spahis. The simple enumeration of this formidable
force will enable a military man to judge what in-
fluence such a body of troops will produce on events
when united with the English army, and also with
the Turkish army, in presence of the common enemy.
You are aware that the French army is to be
augmented still further by the addition of a division
of the reserve, consisting of two brigades of infantry,
two brigades of heavy cavalry, and several batteries of
artillery. Several detachments of these troops have
already arrived, but they did not figure at the review.
The Marshal de St. Arnaud, mounted on a magnificent
Arabian charger, went to the ground au grand galop,
followed by a numerous and brilliant staff, which had
been joined by a considerable number of foreign officers,
and among others by General England, who commands
the division of English troops at Gallipoli, Count Zamo-
iski (the nephew of Prince Czartoriski), and several
Turkish generals. Some of the officers of the French
squadron, under the command of Admitalßruat, now sta-
tioned in the waters of Gallipoli, also joined the cortege.
The Seraskier, Riza Pacha, arrived just at the moment
when the filing off of the troops was finishing. Marshal de
St. Arnaud, finding this to be the case, stopped the
divisions of General Bosquet and Prince Napoleon,
which were already on their way back to the camp, and
made them file off a second time in presence of the
Minister of War of the Ottoman army. The Marshal,
who on this occasion, commanded the army for the first
time, stopped several times in front of the different
battalions, spoke to several officers and soldiers by their
names, and reminded them that be had seen them in
Africa on such and such an expedition. " You have
valiantly fought the Arabs," said he, "and you will
worthily sustain the honour of your flag against the
Russians, who will not resist in presence of your
valour." He carefully examined the dress of the
troops, and made inquiries as to their comforts, being
particular in inquiring if the soldiers had been supplied
with flannel as a defence for their chests against the in-
clemency and changes of the weather. " Take care," he
often repeated to the troops, " take care of your health ;"
and he added, in addressing the Chasseurs d'Afrique,
" If I saw you dying here from disease, I should myself
die of gi ief. ' After the review, the marshal, with the
whole of his staff, proceeded to Boulahir, where he visited
the camp of the division under Prince Napoleon, which
is established to the right of that village, and the camp
of General Bosquet, which is established to the left.
Prince Napoleon, though not prepared for such a visit,
got up an impromptu entertainment for the marshal,
for Riza Pacha, and their staffs, while the heads of the
different corps followed the example by inviting the
other persons who had accompanied the cortege to
take pot-luck. The affair went off well ; the embarrass-
ments of a camp equipage gave piquancy to the enter-
tainment, and I assure you that the toast of "Success to
the allied army" was not only given frequently, but that
each time the enthusiasm produced by it seemed to in-
crease. Marshal de St. Arnaud, in going round to the
soldiers' tents, which he did with great minuteness, took
the ganielles of the men, tasted their soup, the bread,
&c., and kept the men in good humour by presenting
the men who banded him their spoons a token of his
munificence. People have been surprised to see the
marshal bear so well the fatigues of this day, as he was
supposed to be seriously ill. He remained more
than nine hours on horseback, and before returning
to Gallipoli he visited the fortifications of the isthmus,
which are nearly completed. There is an idea of
making some of the parapets of stone, which would make
this peninsula a very strong fortress. It is said that
Gallipoli may become the Gibraltar of the Dardanelles.
In fact, with a garrison of 5,000 or 6,000 men, it could
hold out against an enemy of 30,000 or 40,000.
On the eve of the review, orders were issued to all
the commanders of divisions for the embarkation of the
troops. There are 16 frigates and steamers in the road-
steads, four ships, of which two are screws, and some
hundred sailing vessels, belonging either to the royal
navy or to commerce, which could easily carry all the
troops at Gallipoli to the Black Sea. The Turkish Go-
vernment has sent two of its finest steam-frigates, and
they are now here. But what chiefly delays the embar-
kation is the difficulty in dismounting the guns and get-
ting the horses and gun-carriages on board. In this respect
there is room open for much improvement. The gene-
rals and admirals have the matter under consideration,
and if they can organise a system that will answer so as
to convey troops ready for action, the allied armies will
derive great advantages. What would then prevent
their landing at their pleasure 10,000 or 20,000 men, on
any point of the coast of the Black Sea, on the flank or
in the rear of the enemy, who would thus be in a con-
tinual state of alarm—the more so as Russia's richest
provinces are in the vicinity of the mouths of the large
rivers, as the Danube, Dniester, and Dnieper, and
which are only defended by petty fortresses, such as
Kilia, Toultscha, Alterman, Otschakof, and Cherson
A new system is already on trial.
I sent you, a few days since, a homage rendered
by General Brown and Lord Raglan to the skill and
promptitude displayed by the French sailors. The
embarkation of the troops for Varna will complete the
lesson which experience alone can give. Thus, the ex-
pedition with which the first portion of Canrobert's divi-
sion embarked far excelled the first efforts made. All
the movements I alluded to in my last letter have taken
place. On the morning of the 29th all the baggage of
the marshal and staff left by land for Constantinople
escorted by a squadron of Spahis, which will form the
body guard of the general-in-chief. The first column
of the 3d division (Prince Napoleon's division) left
the same day. The Turkish Government has made
every arrangement for the men and horses
folio islg
the road. The cavalry and artillery will
h w e
shortly en, route for Adrianople and Varna. T
marshal was particularly anxious to sNhow p.or-
lion r
eovfi e
wt heed
tali;
emmy
ato t
eight
a.m.S er a sokni etrh.e
gtfhousoNyviienwg
the other review. They were commanded by General
roifvßedri.gaTdeheAslleoruayst,r,Ginenfearlallu l‘nliOfarrrmis,nrootdheaveinngthyeemt aarr:
shal's right hand, who with great affability gave him the
history and details concerning each regiment. The Se-
raskier expressed his unfeigned admiration at the tenue
of the troops. The Chasseurs d Afrique and dragoons

THE ESHER TRAGEDY.

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especially excited his curiosity. He had the minutest
observations of the marshal interpreted to him. He
wished to compare a chasseur and dragoon who were
brought to him. He found the helmet of the dragoon
too heavy. " Are you aware," said the marshal, " that
a fellow like that is equal to ten Russians ? All my
ehasseurs have gone through two or three campaigns,
and most of the officers have been from ten to
twenty years in Africa." A squadron of Turkish lancers
was present at the review. They form part or the Sul-
tan's guard, and their martial appearance has earned for
them the admiration of the French troops. The squad-
ron will remain at the marshal's head quarters, under
the orders of the Chef d'Escadron Biese of the Spahis.
The marshal gave a grand dinner to the general offi-
cers, at which General England was present, who on the
following day gave a dinner to the marshal and his staff. A.
place of honour was given to the Seraskier on both occa-
sions. During the repast a general attached to the Turkish
War-office stood behind the Seraskier's chair, handed
him the dishes and changed his plates, doing all the
functions of a maitre d'hotel. This rather disgusted the
English and French officers, the more so as the general
in question wore epaulettes, and a uniform almost simi-
lar to that of the French army.
The French soldiers are rejoiced at leaving Gallipoli,
as they are burning to come to blows with the Russians,
but they will not probably find such. comfortable 9uar-
ters as they had succeeded in making at Gallipoli, in
any other part of Turkey. In fact, fresh provisions
were to be had daily—meat at 25 centimes per lb., wme
at 60 centimes the litre, and poultry, eggs, and milk
cheaper than in France.

held

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