The Sun.
London, England, 1853-08-20 00:00:00

SEOLTUITY TO EMPLOYERS.
To Secretaries of Public Institutions, Clerks, Station Masters, Rail-
way Oilicia:s, Bankers' Clerks, Travellers, and Others.
rrIMES LIFE ASSURANCE and GUARAN-
TEE.I COMPANY, 32, Ludgate-hill, London. Incorporated
tinder 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 110.

HONORARY PRESIDENTS.
CHARLES HINDLEY, Esq., ALP., Dartmouth-house, Westminster,
JAMES KERSHAW, Esq., M.P., Stockport.

TRUSTEES.
James Alexander Douglas, Esq., 11, Queen-square.
Ambrose Moore, Esq., Endsleigh-street, Tavistock-square.
James Nisbet, Esq., Berners-street, Oxford-street.
CHAIRMAN—The Hon, Francis Villiers, Berkeley•square.
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN—James Wyld, Esq., Charing-cross.
" The Times" Company affords guarantee to persons requiring the
same at the lowest possible rate, and divides four-fiths of e profits.
Thus, by applying the justly pqpular principle a mutuality to public
guarantee, the premiums, instead ot being a tax upon honesty, be-
come a means of saving and investment.
Rates —From 7s. Gd: upwards. No charge for stamps or extra
dharges. An 'allowance made in the guarantee premium, wheie a
life assurance and guarantee are combined.
LIFE '.ASSURANC F.
Life assurance, annuities,' and endowments. Payments taken
monthly as well as quarterly, &c. Policies indisputable, save in
cases of fraud. Arrangements can be made with this office to pre-
ventthe loss of a policy where the assured is unable, from temporau
embarrassment, to keep up the payments.
H. B. SHERIDAN, Manager.

IDRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE
ILO •. _ -
1, Princes-street, Bank, London. . -
Established August 1, 1837.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Viet., cap. 9.
Colonel ROBERT ALEXANDER, Blackheath Pars, CHAIRMAN.
Increasing Rates of Premium for securing Loans or Debts.
Half Premiums, only, required during first seven years.
Assurances payable during Life.
Provision, during minority, for Orphans. .
BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION.
Empowered by her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.
Profits divided annually.
Premiums computed for every three months' difference of age.
Half-credit assurances on a new plan peculiarly advantageous to
policy-holders.
At the last Annual General Meeting a reduction of 30 per cent. was
made in the current year's premium on all participating policies.
(PROPRIETARY.) E (MUTUAL.)
•••••••

Half
;premium;

to) First
Seven
Years.

Whole
premium
for Re-
ma' nder
of Life:

Age.

Half guar-
Annual Yearly terly
(premium Pre- Pre-
mium. mium.

, d. I£ s. Y ars. uthsl s. d.l £s. d.
30 1 1 9, 2 3 61 30 0 2 7 3' 1 4 2
40 1 9 21 218 4 3 2 7 6 1 4 4!
50 1 2 2 61 4 5 0 6 2 710 1 4 61
GO 3 6 81 613 4 9 2 8 2! 1 4 81

4 s. d.
0 12 3
0 12 4
0 12 5
0 12 6

E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA,
AUsTRCLIA, and CHINA.
Incorporated by Royal Charter with limited liability.
Capital, 1,000,0001. sterling (wlih power to increase to 3,000,0001.),
in 50,00 Shares of 201. each.

COURT OF DIRECTORS.
Thomas Alexander Mitchell, Esq, M.P., firm of Sampson, Mitchell,
and Co., New Broad-street.
Peter Bell, Esq , firm of Scott, Bell, and Co., East India and Austra-
lian merchants, Alderman's-walk.
John Bagshaw, Esq., at .P., Director of the Universal Life Assurance
Society, Cliff House, Harwich
William Cook, Esq., firm of Cook, Sons, and Co., St. Paul's-church-
yard.
George Bowness Carr, Esq., Lawrence Ponntney-place.
John Gladstone, Esq., Stockwell Lodge, Surrey.
William Shaw Lindsay, Esq., firm of W. S. Lindsay and Co., Aus-
tintriars
Joseph Robert Morrison, Esq., firm of James Morrison and Co.,
Australian merchants, Crown-court, Philpot-lane.
(With power to add to their number.)
BANKERS.
Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Trittou, and Co.

SOLICITORS.
Messrs. Oliverson, Lavie, and Peachy.

BROKERS.

Messrs. Joshua Hutchinson and Son.
The Directors have now the gratification to announce to the
Shareholders, that the approval of the Lords of the Treasury, the
Boards of Trade and Control, and of the Honourable East India Com-
pany, has been obtained to the Charter of Incorporation of this Bank,
embracing INDIA, CHINA, and AUSTRALIA, as well as the
other BRITISH COLONIES eastward of the CAPE of GOOD
HOPE; and that the same was ordered to be sealed at the Privy
Council, held on the 19th inst., and only awaits the completion of
the necessary forms. The Directors also beg to state that they have
engaged suitable permanent offices for the Bank in the South Sea
House, No. 29, Threadneedle-street; and further, that they intend
forthwith to select qualified Managers for the Branches of the Cor-
poration to be opened in India, Australia, and China.
By order of the Board.
GEORGE HOPE, Secretary, p. t.
Temporary Offices, 21, Moorgate street.
Dated this 20th day of August. 1853.

From the printed documents it would seem that the
complaints on this subject are not by any means of a
recent date; for the correspondence, which extends over
a period of nearly five years—from the 9th of February,
1849, to the 15th of July, 1853—commences with a
communication from Lord Palmerston to Mr. Buchanan,
who is direbted to draw Count Nesselrode's attention to
a dispatch of the British Consul at Varna on the sub-
ject of the accidents occurring to British shipping at the
mouth of the Danube. Mr. Buchanan is also instructed
to point out'the inconveniences sustained by the com-
merce of nations at the mouth of the Danube from the
want of good pilots, and from the obstruction created
by the remains of vessels which have been wrecked or
sunk in entering the river. In another dispatch, writ-
ten at the close of 1849, Lord Bloomfield, her Majesty's
Ambassador at St. Petersburg, was also directed by
Lord Palmerston, in explicit terms, to point out to the
Russian Minister that it was required for the purposes
of commerce, not only that the accumulating shoals at
the mouth of the Danube should be dredged so as to
deepen the channel, but also that the remains of vessels
which have been there wrecked should be removed, it
being stated that some of these wrecks still remained in
the water-way, and formed dangerous obstructions to
the' navigation. In reply to this remonstrance, Count
Nesselrode assured the Ambassador that orders had been
given to the local authorities, which he hoped would
prove satisfactory to her Majesty's Government, although
all that was required could not be executed so speedily
as was expected.
The correspondence which follows after this is no-
thing more than the reiteration of complaints, on these
grounds, from the consuls and others on the spot, in
which the tardiness of the Russian authorities is con-
tinually remonstrated against. Later on, however, it
would appear some 'little xertion was made on their
pyart to remove the pause of these constant complaints..
'With respect tulhe possibility of deepening the chan-
nel' in question, Vice-Consul Cunningham, in a report
written from Galatz, in September, 1850, says :
__

" There is little doubt that a small steam-boat of 20 or
30 horse power passing and repassing over the bar when
the weather permitted, drawing a heavy iron' rake after
her, would keep the water on the Sulina bar at 16, per-
haps 18, feet English (at least it appears that while the
Sulina was in possession of the Turks, the depth of 16 feet
was kept on the bar by causing each sailing vessel as she
went out to drag a similar rake after her) ; and it is evi-
dent this might be done at a very trifling expense, in com-
parison of the advantage gained. It appears to be quite
an unnecessary expense to have a reFular dredging machine
to lift up the mud and to throw it into boats to be carried
out to sea. A great deal is said of the necessity, or at
least of the great advantage, there would be in contracting
the mouth of the river by means of a palisade, which it is
pretended would give more force to the current, and thus
sweep away the bar ; and it is added that it was by such a
contraction of the mouth of the river that the Turks kept
deep water on the bar. To this manner of attempting to
keep deep water there aro several objections ; it is not cer-
tain it would succeed. It is true the Turks had a palisade
of the kind, but it does not appear to be ascertained that
it was for the purpose of deepening the water, and at all
events they applied further means ; it would cost a great
deal of money to make the palisade, and it would require
many years to complete it, oven were it commenced and
carried forward in earnest. In every case, even if it
should be decided on to construct a palisade, a steam-boat
with a rake, or a regular dredging machine, should bo set
to work as early as possible, and continued steadily at the
operation.
" But although it may easily be shown that there is no
physical difficulty in removing the obstructions in the Su-
lina, the question is, Who is to remove them? and who is
to pay the expense It is not intended here to enter at
all on the political question of the rights of different
powers to the Danube, or to the navigation of the Danube ;
it is intended merely to treat it as a commercial question,
and one of profit and loss.
" There seems to be four ways of undertaking the need-
ful work for keeping the Sulina free from impediments :
" 1. That the Russian Government undertake to do it.
"2. That the Russian Government give it over to con-
tractors. _

-7"..i.7bhat the different nations interested in the naviga-
tion of the Danube should name commissioners (as seems
to be done on the Rhine), and the commission to attend to
the duties of clearing the Sulina.
" 4. A commission being named, that the commissioners
give to contractors the charge of keeping the Sulina clear.
" But whoever undertakes the charge of clearing the river
of obstructions should be bound in certain penalties to do
so, and should have a revenue to cover expenses.
" Without entering on political questions, it may be ob-
served that it is unjust to expect that Russia should re-
move obstructions at her own expense when she has no
interest in doing so, but, on the contrary, a direct and
very great interest in keeping it closed, as all the grain
that COMO3 out of the Danube (excepting some thirty car-
goes from Ismail and Rend) enters into direct competition
with the grain of Russia in all the markets of the Mediter-
ranean and Europe ; and to remove the difficulties of the
navigation of the Danube is to lower charges of bringing
Danube grain to market by 3s. per quarter, and to bring it
into competition with Russian Black Sea wheat with this
further reduction of cost. And if an assertion may be
made, based on the experience of ten
_years during which
the Russians were free, and ten years during which they
were bound to Austria by treaty to clear the Sulina, Russia
will not open the Danube at her own expense and of her
own free will. Neither is it right to say that British ves-
sels shall not pay a tax, under any circumstance, for navi-
gating the Danube, even of a few shillings, and leave them
to pay many pounds in lighterage in place of it. There-
fore, if the Russian Government undertakes to deepen the
Danube, it ought to be bound to certain conditions, and a
fair tax levied on every vessel which has the benefit of
deep water ; the same conditions to be imposed on con-
tractors in case the undertaking be carried out by contract,
and these conditions and taxes on vessels should be some-
what similar to the inclosed."

The Russian, authorities, on the other hand, allege
that the method of using rakes alone adopted by the
Turks was quite ineffectual, and that the channel could
only be deepened by a dredging machine, which they
had procured from England. The British consuls, on
the contrary, condemn the dredging machine, and
strongly insist upon a return to the old method of clear-
ing the passage. A great deal of irritation appears to
have prevailed on the part of the Russian Government
at this time, and the affair thus remained when Lord
Palmerston addressed the following letter to Sir G. H.
Seymour, the British Ambassador at St. Petersburg
Foreign-office, Oct. 28, 1851.
liave received your dispatch of the 17th inst.,
inclosing a copy of a memorandum given to you by M. de
Seniavine respecting the measures to be adopted for clear-
ing the Salina channel of the Danube.
" I have to remark that the Russian Government ought
not to take amiss the urgency of the representations of her
Majesty's Government in this respect, seeing that no effec-
tual measures have been adopted by that Government for
clearing this channel, though that mouth of the Danube
has been in the possession of Russia three-and-twenty
years, and although great injury and inconvenience has
been sustained by commerce from the gradual choking up
of the bar, and although during the last twelve years the
British Government has made repeated representations,
and the Russian Government has made repeated promises,
on this subject.

" With respect to the memorandum inclosed in your dis-
patch, I have to instruct you to observe that her Majesty's
Government have been informed that the method practised
by the Turks for clearing the channel maintained a depth
of 16 feet water on the bar, and that method cannot there-
;'ore be said to have failed, nor to have been altogether in-
sufficient for the passage of sea-going ships; whereas the
dredging machine which has been sent to Sulina, whether
owing to the want of skill or the want of good-will of the
persons locally employed, has produced hitherto no result
whatever, and it has now been sent to Sebastopol, so that
all attempts to deepen the channel by means of that ma-
chine appear to be for the present given up.
" You will give a copy of this dispatch to Count Nessel-
rode. " I am, &0.,
(Signed) " PALMERSTON."
The following communication from Count Nesselrode
was forwarded to Lord Palmerston by Baron Brunnow
on the subject of a report from the British Consul at
Galati, which does not, however, appear to have been
a very favourable one :

(Translation.)
St. Petersburg, Oct, 11-23, 1851.
" M. le Baron,—Sir Hamilton Seymour has had the
goodness to communicate to me the report of the English
consul at Galatz, which gives an account of the operations
of the dredging machine recently purchased in England by
our authorities in the Black Sea, with the view of im-
proving and extending the system of clearance at the
mouth of the Danube.
" This report, which your Excellency has read, marks
the daily progress of these works, and shows their results.
They have seemed to us satisfactory, so far as they could
be so, considering the local difficulties to be contended
with, and which it is right in such a work strictly to take
into account.
" These results, it may be supposed, would have been
still more complete and more speedy, if the dredging ma-
chine, ordered at our expense in England, had not required
repair. An accidental interruption of the works, which
cannot be attributed to the persons entrusted with them,
has from time to time been the consequence.
"We have reason to suppose that the information ob-
tained on the spot by the English consul, as regards the
efficacious manner in which these works are carried on,
would have sufficed to satisfy the. British Government of
the steadiness of the efforts which the Imperial Govern-
ment has employed for an object of such great interest to
commerce.
" To our great regret, we perceive that a less favourable
impression prevails in the English public. We find an
indication of this in the annexed dispatch from Lord Pal-
merston, which Sir Hamilton Seymour has just communi-
cated to me. It forms the sequel of a memorandum which
had been given ins by Mr. Buchanan, on the advantages
of the system of clearance established under the Ottoman
Government previously to the treaty of Adrianople.
" It cannot be our intention, M. le Baron, to depreciate
the zeal shown by the Turkish engineers, nor the merit of
the mechanical means employed by them, at the time
when the charge of maintaining the passage of the Sulina
devolved on them. But we have imagined that a dredging
machine constructed in England must necessarily, with a
view to the same object, inspire us with more confidence,
and hold out to us a greater prospect of success. Notwith-
standing the observations contained in Mr. Buchanau's
memorandum in regard to the advantages of the Turkish
system, we persist in granting a preference to the improve-
ments which the mechanical art in England has introduced
into this branch of the service. We have no doubt of her