The Sun.
London, England, 1838-08-08 00:00:00

1840:-

1. On the best mode of storing Turnips. Ten sovereigns.
2. On the Transposition and Admixture of Soils. Twenty
sovereigns.
3. On the Grasses and Leguminous plants best adapted to arable
cultivation for early feed in the Spring. Twenty sovereigns.
4. On the Insects prejudicial to Cons crops. Twenty sovereigns.
5. On the management of Plantations. The Society's Gold
Medal.
6. On the management of Underwood. Tho Society's Gold

Medal.
7. On the Rotation of Crops best suited to heavy lands. Ten
sovereigns.
8. On Weeds in meadows and-pastures. Twenty sovereigns.
9. On the application of Gypsum as a manure to artificial
grasses. Ten sovereigns.
10. On the Smut. Mildew, and Diseases affecting the Wheat
crop. Fifteen sovereigns.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

1. For the best Draining Plough. Fifty sovereigns.
2. For the cheapest and most effective Gorse.cntting machine.
Twenty sovereigns.
3. For the invention of any new Agricultural Implement, such
sum as the Society may think proper to award.
AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS.
1. For an account of the most satisfactory applienCon of the
Subsoil plough to the improvement of land. A prize of twenty
sovereigns. To be awarded in 1840.
2. For an acroulit of the most satisfactory experiment on the
comparative merits of Subsoil and Trench ploughing. Twenty
sovereigns. T. be awarded in 1841.
Persons desirous of learning the particulars and conditions of
competition fin- prizes are requested to apply, if by letter, post paid,
to W. Shaw, Esq., the Secretary, 5, Cavendish-square, London.
The list of prizes to be av,-iirded at the Oxford .:%lecting, which
will be held on the 17th July, 1839, will shortly be announced.
Subscriptions are received by the Secretary, or may be paid to
Messrs. Drummond and G)., or to any' colintry bankers, who are
requested to receive and remit them to Messrs. Drummond.

Thepublication of ME SUN NE% SFAPETt commenced this day
at 20 minutes nast Three o' Clock

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fersed their guilt.' kVhateverforias may be violated, there-
fore, the expatriation is voluntary ; and it will be quite vo-
luntary, when NELSON and his friends get to Ber-
muda, (where Lord DURHAM has no power to keep
them, and where the Governor has no power to
keep them), whether they stay there or not. Lord DUR-
HAM banishes them to Bermuda, and sends them thither
in a QUEEN'S ship, and when they have arrived and are
put on shore, they will be at liberty to go whitherso2ver
they please, except to Canada. What Lord DURHAM will
do should they go thither, will be time enough to inquire
when that event happens. In the mean time, the illegal
ordinance, whether so designed or not, sets them at
liberty, and keeps them out of Canada. If it be not legal,
it seems very humane and very kind.
When the laws were a protection to a defeated party,
so that it should only be subject to certain penalties in.
flitted in a certain way, and when, if ever they were over.
stepped, it was always on the side of inflicting heavier penal.
ties, or inflicting them, whether they were merited or not
fiercely to decry every illegality, was a duty to justice and
humanity. Or, if we consider the laws as a kind of b.lr-
gain entered into between rulers and their subjects, and in-
tended principally to restrain the somewhat wild-beast-like
propensities of the former, and particularly their desire to
trample on liberty, and crush all resistance by cruelty, then
have we a good right to join Lord BROUGHAM and Lord
ELLENBOROUGH and the Duke of WELLINGTON in de-
manding that Lord DURHAM should hold to the laws.
But when he departs from them in behalf of humanity
when they are not instruments to protect erring and weak
subjects from fierce and ambitious rulers,but to punish them
more severely than their demerits warrant ; when the
laws are executed by party passions, and only serve
to gratify party vengeance, then to act illegally may be to
act justly and humanely, and that Lord DURHAM seems
to have done. We have read Lord BROUGHAM'S
speeches in former times with too much attention—we
have now seen the law over-ruled and set aside in so many
instances, greatly to the advantage of the community—
for example, let us state that the whole Newspaper press
exists in spite of the law, and it makes the proceedings cif
both Houses known to the world, conferring great benefits
on it, according to Lord BROUGHAM'S eloquent statement,
in spite of the privileges of both Houses—that we cannot
consider it any blame to Lord DURHAM to say merely that
his ordinances are illegal.

The Lords rejected last night the Commons' amendments
to the Irish Municipal Bill, which relate to the franchise,
and to placing the controul of the boundaries in the hands
of the Lord Lieutenant. The Tories did not condescend
to waste any words on the question of the franchise, consi-
dering probably that it was quite presumptuous in the Co-
mmons to differ from their Lordships on a question on which
they had expressed a very decided opinion. Such conduct is
meant to forward the cause of Toryism ; and it will un-
doubtedly recommend it to the Parsons. The spirit of the
Peers will be the theme of their praise ; but the Parsons
are not the people to be governed. They pay none of the
taxes ; and the tax-payers, certainly in Ireland, and pro-
bably in England, will look on the conduct of the Peers
very differently from the Parsons. To avow an hostility to
popular rights, will not now promote the success of the
Tories.

The Tories have boasted amazingly during the last few
months of their success. They everywhere defeated their
opponents, and proclaimed aloud to the world that the
community was Tory at heart, and would speedily be re-
stored to sound and healthy Toryism. They held nume-
rous feasts, and the songs of their triumph were heard
throughout the land. They had beaten down the majority
of the Whigs ; the tenants-at-will were all for them,
the polls at all the County Elections were in their
favour—the operatives at Liverpool and Manchester
formed Tory Societies—and the Tories chuckled with
delight at the approaching restoration of Toryism to high
places, and to more than all its ancient powers. Dr. PHILL-
POTTS became more renowned than Dr. WHATELT, and
O"SULLIvAN and M‘GuEn had routed for ever DENS and
Jour; Tunis/. The Clergy grew so convinced of their utility,
that they demanded additional revenues; and so convinced of
their full restoration to ail the power they enjoyed in the da3s
Of SACHEYEREL,OrintIIOSCOf thernost successful of the POPES,
that they began to set themselves above the law. The meet-
ing at Birmingham, however much it may be depreciated by
Tory writers, must have been to the Tories a most un-
pleasant revelation, for it demonstrates at least that the
tendencies of the bulk of the people are the very reverse of

Toryism.
It is for us quite amusing to reflect on the manner in
which the Tories hava proceeded. For the last six years
they have struggled for supremacy in the Registration
Courts. They have bullied and bribed till the poor tenants-at-
will have had no will of their own. By promises, never
meant, to be kept they have cajoled the electors of towns.
They have subscribed largely, and fought every scat in
Parliament. The provocation to perjury has been one of
their means. In Parliament they have resisted steadily
and successfully every little attempt which has been made
to extend the franchise. They have upheld the rate-pay-
ing Clauses, and have kicked out Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S
Registration Bill. Not an atom of the Irish Church pro-
perty would they give up to the people, though they had no
objection to bestow a large slice of it to Protestant (dial
Tory landlcrds. Not a stone would they remove, as long
as they could help it, of the Tory citadels in the Irish
towns. They were resolved to maintain for ever the Irish
Church in all its deformity. They have to a considerable
extent succeeded. They have almost had their own way
in Parliament. Lord STANLEY has increased in insolence.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM does not conceal his arrogant hopes,
even though lie was driven to take Sir JOHN OWEN'S
cadship ; and " the subtlest of living men," as Sir ROBERT
PEEL has been called, unable to hide his satisfaction, has
boasted aloud that " the Ministers can do nothing without

my immission."
AlAs! for the wisdom o these boasters! Alas ! for the
sagacity of Tory Statesmen ! Alas! for their political
foresight ! While they have been hugging themselves with
the rapid spread of Toryism, because it has rnade a little
be:,,d in the House 'f Commons, and with the renovation
of. the Church to all its pristine supremacy—because the
Bishops are yet-suffered to sit in Parliament—the growth
of radicali.,m, of doniccruey, and of knowledge amongst
the people has been unexampled ; and if the Tories
were to get possession .of office to-morrow, they would
find republicanism wider spread in the country, and the
aristocracy less able to oppose it, than at any pre-
vious period of our history. While these poor Tories have
been pluming themselves on their success in the Registra-
tion Courts, on stopping all attempts to extend the fran-
chise, the bulk of the people, laughing to scorn the 10/.
boundary and the proscription of six years' standing, de-
mand Universal Suffrage and Annual Parliaments. The
meeting at Birmingham must have fallen, we think, like an
avalanche on the merry jugglers of the Tory camp. If,
indeed, they bad show❑ themselves considerate in those six
years—if they bad not stickled for those monstrous and
insulting abuses—the Irish Church and the Corn Laws—
and had not shown themsel✓es jealous of every little exten-
sion of the popular franchise—if they had not endeavoured
to get back by cunning and trick the power which force had
compelled them to resign, what might have happened in
their favour before now, it is impossible to say ; but they
would not have been regarded as the most determined ene-
mies of that great party of which the meeting at Birming-
ham has made the existence known even to the Tories.

On the bringing up of tire Report of the Poor-law Corn
mittee last night, in the House of Commons, Mr. FIELD EN,
contrary to all the rules of fair play, as well as to the forms
of Parliament, inale an attempt—a bungling one, we
admit, but still an attempt—to prejudice the question
reported on, by carping at certain parts of the Report.
This Hon. Gentleman was well aware that until the Report
is printed not a soul, except the Members of the:Committee,
can know what it really contains ; and he thought, no
doubt, that a good opportunity, was thus afforded to mis-
represent the evidence. It luckily happened that his
ability was not equal to his inclination ; for, after all
his mumbling and I,lundering, the gravamen of his charge
seems to have ::mounted to this, that, the Committee would
not consent to examine all the persons who had petitioned
against the Poor-law Amendment Act—not, certainly, a
large number, considering the clamour raised by the com-
bined energies of faction and ignorance, but still too large
to be examined by an honest Committee. When
this rigmarole effusion had been stopped by the SPEMLEI,
altogether irregular, Mr. P. ScßorE, the Chairman of the