The Sun.
London, England, 1838-09-20 00:00:00

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WITH WHICH TUE " TRUE SUN" IS NOW INCORPORATED.

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 20, 1838.

SHOULD this meet the eye of the MOTHER
who a few weeks since LEFT HER HOME and ONLY
CHILD, and will communicate with her friends, it may prevent
the most serious eonsequenees to an aged and deeply anxious parent.
Manchester, 1838.

THE GEOLOGY OF MOSES.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

BRvT. 15, 1838,
SIR, --I see in Tour widely-circulated Paper efyesterday,
some remarks on -the Mosaic account of tho creation of the
world by Mr. Berean—an assumed name, I suppate.
The avowed object is to rescue Moss, and to prove that
the rotation and orbicular constitution of the earth were known
to this chieftain. This the author would establish by Joshua's
words—" Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon, and Moon in the
valley of Ajalon." Mr. B. adds, in explanation, that the
Moon had not been needed for daylight, and leaves us further
to conclude that both the Sun and the M)on being mentioned,
the former had been stopped only for the day, and the second
for the night.
It must occur to every one that there was no necessity for a
stopping of this kind, as the Sun would always shine in day,
and the Moon at night ; but the very thought of arresting
the Sun and the Moon is quite enough to convince anybody
that Moses cannot claim a knowledge of astronomy. How
could they be stopped, without destroying all the universe,
of which our sun and our planetary system, and all the race
of men, frr the advantago of one small portion of which
the sun was stopped, are only insignificant parts ? Mr.
B. says--" A miraculous cessation of the earth's gyration
was intimated." For such a miraculous cessation of the earth's
gyration, an important object of the first magnitude would be
required to justify it, which no one can assign. Moreover, if
the stopping of the Sun and Moon had taken place, nobody
would have been left to give an account of it—the whole ce-
lestial system would have been overturned—there would have
been an end to the existing world, and it would have become
necessary to create a new one.

Military manoeuvres arc best executed by daylight, there.
fore the ancient writer says, generally, the Sun had been
stopped—it was to be daylight till victory were obtained—till
the battle was quite over—and both the Sun and the Moon
are mentioned as the principal celestial bodies known to this
reporter.

Mr. -B. will, on referring to my article inserted in The
Sun of Monday last, find that it is not wanted to rescue
Moses, he not having a hand in this account. Further ex-
planation of what I said in that article will be found in a work
of the late Professor B suer, D. D.. which has been recently
translated from the German into English, bearing the title of
" Theology of the Old Testament." Whoever means to
speak on the Mosaic creation, let him first consider what is
there stated.
Moses was undoubtedly a spirited man, a popular loader,
and a superior chieftain. To civilize his people he, among
other means, resorted to this, that he enacted a day of rest to
be kept at the end of six days of labour. This was quite a
new arrangement and not to be met with among any of the
neighbouring nations. In after times some reflecting Hebrew
wanted to explain the origin of this institution, and it struck
him that it was an imitation of the Almighty resting after
having created the world in six days. For this hypothesis
the author certainly claimed not the honour of being thought
inspired in the sense in which we now take this word. It is
a peculiarity of Hebrew writers, that they introduced God
speaking ; but they mean not to pretend that he had really
used exactly the words which they lend him. Ancient nations
generally are prone to give a Divine origin to discoveries, sud-
den thoughts, &c., but they had at the same time not that de-
fined notion of inspiration which our modern theologians bring
into play. There are in the Old and New Testament many
statements which seem to be historical, but in fact are meant
merely to explain a fact, and are themselves reasonings and
assumptions. As for the statement given to explain how it
happened that the Jews had a day of rest, when other nations
had not, it seemed satisfactory to them ; but we cannot, in our
times, shut our eyes to its defects. Will Mr. B. assert that
the Almighty could not create the world in one day, but that
he wanted for it six ? Can he reconcile it with a pure idea of
God, that the Almighty should have been tired at the
end of six days, and wanted a whole day to rest? If he conti-
nued so now, and does nothing one day in seven, how can the
world go on ?
Mr. B. will perceive that under the circumstances explained,
the comment of his own, which he offers with a view to make
the Mosaic account of the creation of the world palatable, will
not serve its purpose, and is indeed out of the way. Writers
might be allowed to indulge in explaining ancient authors ac-
cording to their views, and lending them their thoughts, but
for the alsuse to which the practice leads, and the absurdities
which we have seen springing from it. The Right Reverend
Bishop of Exeter dared to assert in the Lords, that the Bi-
shops' Courts were established by the New Testament, and
could not, therefore, be done away with, corrected, or al-
tered, according to a plan of his Grace the Archbishop of
Canterbury and the Lord Chancellor. The Rev. Dr.
Hook was not ashamed, recently, to preach before her Ma-
jesty, a sermon, in which he pretended that the Bishops of the
Established Church descended in uninterrupted succession
from the Apostles, when he must be aware that the Greek
word " episeopos" means an overseer or inspector, and that the
business, aspirations, and income of the Christian inspectors
of the first century, were nothing like that of the English Bi-
shops of the present age, who are an entirely new set of di-
vines, not to be found in any other Christian Church, modern
or ancient. Luther, in reforming the Church in Germany
would not suffer Bishops at all, they having abused their
power, and
he appointed " Superintendents, Inspectors, Su-
perintendents-general," according to the extent of dioceses,
who, at the same time, were obliged to preach every Sunday,
and to superintend the religious education of the children of
their parishioners. Such continue to be the arrangements in
the Protestant States of Germany ; only in Prussia there is
now an Archbishop, and two Bishops, but this is a titular dis-
tinction, imparting to them no right to advise his Prussian Ma-
jesty on political subjects.
Painters study the original works of celebrated masters, and
poets read not the translations but the original works of Homer,
Virgil, Petrarch, &c. In the same manner it is incumbent on
those who presume to lead the people in the path of religion
to study its original sources. The English Clergy receive,
generally speaking, the Christian religion only at second hand.
They are not familiar with the language, the manner of think-
ing and reasoning, the whole spirit of the Hebrews of the time
of Christ, and from that they are liable to adopt absurd theories
and vagaries, which place Christianity in opposition to know-
ledge, and —with reference to the subject under consideration
modern geology to the elementary knowledge of the Pentateuch.
Certainly the wonders of the world, and the power of Him
who has neither beginning nor end, are more apparent fro n
the works of modern writers on geology than from the im-
perfect account put at the head of the Old Testament.
I be, to
add,
that in my article of Monday last the word
Kateclretik has been by a misprint changed itvo Katerhe/ik ;
the latter is neither German, nor English, nor of any lan-
guage.
A LE PH (of Germany),

THE MARKETS.

Per Ton.

COAL Ni AEU
a.
u.
Adair's l9 0
21 3
Bate's Tanfield Moor 2O ;6
Carr's Hartley
Forest Main
Swinaope Main l7 0
lantield Moor n
ylam
Wal:s End Goforth 22 9
Wills End Heaton 22 3
Walls End Hilda
Walls End Killingworth
Walls End Ncwmarch 2l 3
Todd's Bensharn lB 0
Walls End Belmont
Walls End Braddyll's Helton 23 3
Walls End Hetton 23 9
walls End Lambton 23 9
Walls End Russel's Hetton 23 6
Ships arrived since

ET.-.-Sept. 19.
rer Ton. 5. of.
Walls End Stewart 's 23 9
Walls Ella Hartlepool 23 r
att." Braddyll's Hetton 23 9
Dixon's Butterknowl
Walls End Adelaide 22 5,
Walls End Deanery 2O 6
Walls End Barrington Tees 2u 9
WalleEnd Clarence Tees
Walls End Cragwood '2o 1
Walls End Flintoff Tees
Wals End Gordoni 22 0
Wall:, End South 1)t rham '22 3
Walls End !Seymour:Tees
\N. all, End fees 23 0
Blythe. l7 0
Elsicar
Hartley
Howard's Netherton Main
I.langennech Coal
last market-day, 127.

COUNTRY CORN' MARKETS DURING THE WEEK.

Per Quarter.

1304t0n

Gainsborough •
Grantham
Grimsby
if orncastle
Lincoln..
Spalding
Stamford
York

Wheat. I Barley. I Oats. j Beans.

s. to a. a. to a. s. to A. s. to D.
64 71 25 28 20 23 37 40
73 28 23 44
60 71 28 33 24 28 38 46
66 73 25 31 2.2 3U 40 42
42 70 :42 37 20 24 36 42
65 71 24 30 18 26 30 42
70 35 24 49
48 76 28 33 21 25 36 44
50 76 26 34 24 26 32 II
HULL MARKET.—Sept. 18.

Pease.

L S.

To i. 2

Wheat, Old
Foreign —s. s. --s ln bond... 60s. 626.135.
Oats, Poland . s.1:01. 22s Old —s. 23& 245.
-- Small or Feed.... —s. 17s. 18s —s. —s. 203.
Foreign —B. 5. 5
Barley, Norf. & Suf ... 3os 32* 335. Linc. & Wold --s. 30s. 33. i.

--:-: Foreign 3,...
Beans 163. ass. 4t3. Foreign 263.28, 30s.
Pease, White_.,,,., 333. :39s 403. Grey 265.283. 90..
Tares .. 343. 36,. 383 Foreign
Rapeseed, in bond none Free, per last 33!. Os. 371.

. -
CHELTENHAM MARKETS.
Per Bushel. s. 41. to s.d 1 Pet lb.
Wheat 7 0 86 i Beef
tiarley.. 3 0 40 1 Mutton
Oats
Beans
Pease 4 5 5 0 I Lamb
Hay 21.158. to 4'. 10i. tTI. ptr ton.

d. tc d
N
7 9
7 8
0 8
0 0

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sut,—l was much pleased with many of the remarks of
your correspondent " Aleph," on the 10th instant, on the
ve.rata questio" respecting the geological accuracy
because efthe
Mosaic (so called) account of the creation and deluge,
I think them likely to lead the religious public, through the
means of your widely circulating Journal, to think odiously.
and yet boldly, on such subjects as have long had the fullest
discussion in Germany, and with the best results.
Most religious persons in England are afraid to see any-
thing in their Bible with their own eyes. Fearful of erring
in so important a matter, they, instead of employing the fa-
culties God ha.; given them in that most delightful and noble
object, the search after truth, merely inquire what other err-
ing, fallible, mortals have seen there. The conclusions their
own judgment immediately and irresistibly draws, are quelled
by a sedative prescribed by some commentator of repute. Thus
the world gets older, but not wiser.

Much has been made of the testimony of Cuvier, that the
order in which the book of Genesis states the creation of vege-
tables,fishcs, and beasts to have proceeded, appears from
geological researches to be correct ; but this seems to me a
matter of very small importance, since the Mosaic account
allots only an evening and morning for each grand stage in
the creation, whilst geology says each process must have re-
quired whole ages. Any one reading the history with open
eyes, must be convinced that Moses adopted a traditionary
account of the creation. We arc told that on the first day of
creation God created light; that darkness had previously
existed on the face of the deep, and that God divided the one
from the other. That the writer of Genesis supposed dark-
ness to be material, is clear from what is said subsequentl).
where we read of darkness scl thick that it could be felt. On
the second day, the author says, Elohim, or the gods, made a
ti,rmanient, to divide the waters below from the waters above.
From this, it seems the formation of rain was not understood,
but that the firmament was a blue partition made to divide the
waters beneath from the storehouse above. On the third day,
the land and water were divided, and trees, &c. formed ; but
on the fourth the sun, and moon, and (stranger still) the stars,
were created. Thus, whilst one day was required to produce
light and to divide it from darkness, and another to scp irate
the waters below from the waters above, another day was suf-
ficient for creating the stars. I know the Almighty Creator
could, had he so pleased, have created them in one day; but is
it not clear to any man in his senses, who dares to use them, that
the author of this account supposed the stars to be I the
twinkling lamps, of small importance compared to the earth,
instead of being each the centre of a system like that of which
the earth forms a part, and, therefore, not requiring much
time for their production. In the fifth day fishes and fowls
were made, and on the sixth Elohim, or the Gods, said, Let us
make man in our own imve, and did so creating them male and
female. I know Paul says, referring to th's assertion, that the
image of God was knowledge, righteousness, and true holi-
ness, but that this was not meant by the writer of
.Genesis is
clear by the text itself, as well as by.'what is affirmed in Genesis
vi. .
and where we are told that the Sons of Elohim came
in unto the daughters of men, and that the result was what
might have been expected—giants, mighty men of renown.
I could add many more proafs on this subject, but enough
has been said to draw the attention of your intelligent reads rs
to the free but reverential discussion of this all-important m.nt-
ter, which occupies so much of the reflection of every thinking
man in the universe. The usual answers to such retnarks as

PRICE sd.

those above, are quibbles which satisfy no one. The subject
must be met fairly. I conclude with a quotation from the
Venerable, pious, and learned Dr. Seiler, Proffessor of Divinity
at Erlangen : Interpreters should guard against an impru-
dent zeal f.r antiquated prejudices, and particularly against
the Nsition that every thing which the Prophets have said or
written was verbally dictated to them by the immediate in-
splration et the Spirit of God. Such extravagant assertions
can serve no ether purpose than that of furnishing the oppo-
nents of truth with a handle for ridicule. It is enough to
show that the fulfilment of the prophetic oraeles, if rightly in-
terpret-,d, is obvious to all who diligently read the Scriptures,
and are acquainted with the history of mankind. It jc enough
if there be found in the prophetic writings generally b con-
staut and harmonious plan of prophetic instruction, a sys-
tematic chain of predictions, an analogy of divine annun-
ciations, a whole succession of oracles whose truth has been
confirmed by fulfilment."
I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant and constant reader,
QUJESITOR.
Lincon's Inn, Sept. 13, 1838.

UNIVERSAL" SUFFRAGE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—How far the above term can be justly applied to the
population of the British Isles, the advocates of their rights,
irrespective of EQUAL RIGHTS %1 bleb our fellow-subjects be-
yond seas must possess, may attempt to show.
I trust that the demanders of Suffrage will reflect, for equity
sake, that the Colonists rather than ourselves are concerned,
as being virtual returners of Legislators, " for" them by us.
We certainly must be interested respecting the choice of those
who are to make laws fur us ; but let the Home and the Co-
lonial millions be summed, and it will be found that tl-e voter
here is a votirJg representative of a numerous dumb consti.
tuoncy beyond seas, whose benefit with our own is morally
and nationally to be considered in choosing those whose office
it is to frame impartial Statutes for the Empire. May justice
for the United Empire guide the minds of official electors.
Your's truly, WM. F. G. W.
September 17, 1838.

SWINDLING IN THE COMMERCIAL

WORLD.

(From the Commercial Gazette of Sept. 19.)
A system of swindling, almost unprecedented, has recently
been brought to light—a system the most organised and com-
plete, and carried on with a success which has hitherto been
unparalleled. Not less than eight or nine individuals in dif-
ferent parts of the town and country have constituted the ini•
quitous gang. The principal lived in Botolph-lane, to whom
references for the respectability of the other parties were
made. Upon inquiry about either party, the ledger of the
Botolo-lane concern was opened and freely shown to the in-
quiring dupe. Debits and credits to large amounts ap-
peared ; and the customers appeared most desirable ones,
and not the least suspicion was, therefore, entertained.
Goods were bought, taken to Botolph-lane, and dis-
posed of at an immense sacrifice. Such goods have been
traced to the neighbourhood of Tower-hill. Not content with
this system of fleecing, they had recourse to the manufactur-
ing of fictitious bills—a :arge amount of which has got into
circulation, both among the bankers and discount brokers of
this city. It is supposed that the " Fra Diavolo" of this
banditti is now on his way to America in the Great TVestern.
The Lo Mayor was applied to on this occasion for a warrant
against the parties, but the sapient Hobler said, " Gentlemen,
you have truved them your goods, and they have a right to do
what they please with them. As to swindling, there is no
such thing in law II"
We observed a wary " Friend" in town from Yorkshire,
whose anxiety of countenance but too well bespoke his sym-
pathy with the London dupes.
publicly verify particulars.
A few days will

THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS.

(LATEST ARRIVALS.)
During the last three days the weather has been as genial
as could be wished. Sunday in particular was a delightful
day—the sun shone in all its splendour ; and, though Saturday
and yeste, day were somewliat cloudy, the temperature was
scarcely less sultry. Under the iduence of such beautiful
weather the u:iripened crops arc hastening rapidly to maturity,
and the havest operations are proceeding briskly. A large
proportion cf the grain in this ne;glibJurhood is now cut
down ; and, should the weather continue fair and warm, the
fields may be expected to he cleared of their crops in the
course of a few weeks. In the Grassmarkct, yesterday( Monday)
morning, a considerable number of shearers were hired at one
shilling a-day with victuals.—Edinburgh Advertiser.
The quantity of foreign grain in bond in Greenoc'i is not
very large. Of Oats there ere 2,901 quartrrs; of Wheat 51,
and of Pease 49. The foreign Flour in bond amounts to
;sl7. 1. 3.—Greenock Advertiser.

(From the Dumfries Courier of yesterday.)
A considerable breadth of grain was cut by scythe and sickle
last week ; much of it, however, by fits and starts; for the
weather has again, been open to vicissitude, and farm work to
serious interruption. Taken all in all, the present is the
most singular and non-descript season we ever remember.
Smart showers have fallen of late, with the barometer stand.
ing at " set fair ;" and repeatedly evenings the most mild and
beautiful have been followed by frost, and ancn rain—all in
the course of ten or twelve hours. Constant change, which
is bad at all times, is particularly so during harvtst; light
rains, accompanied by a degree of heat, which would lead to
sprouting or springing if long continued, were the husband-
man's portion in the end of last week ; and so puzzled were
our farmers, that, while some continued cutting, others sus-
pended operations entirely, from an impression that the corn
was much safer standing than in stook. Ia some instances wheat
has been e =led, as well as toleiable quantities of oats and
barley; such cases, however, are not very common ; but from
the breadth of grain already cut, should the present week
prove at all favourable, stacks will be seen rising in dale land
far and near, as well as in every valley which a rivulet waters.
Sunday and Monday were splendid day's, s, in
fact, the finest we have had during the whole season. On
neither morning was frost observed, and, as the glass has
risen more slowly than it did before, and the wind got round to
a different point—that is, out of the watery south-west—the
farmers' spirits are again buoyant. It is true our anticipations
have often barn disappointed ; but the prospect:is now brighter
than ever, not merely of a week, but what is called a tract of
of dry weather. Should this hope be realised, very little corn
will be left standing in the valleys by the end of the present
week. Leading, too, will go briskly forward, and, even
while we write, the wains are busy conveying sheaves to the
barn-yard. The hills and moors are, of course, later; but
even there the crops are filling fast, and may yet be secured
in a state of maturity that will swell greatly the general store.
• • • • Two facts have come under our notice which arc
well deserving of serious attention. A gentleman was in this
neighbourhood the other day, who rested 5,000/, in foreign
wheat, and sold lately for double the money, thus clearing
cent. per cent. This, it wilt be admitted, was a fair hit, arid
we could name a writer, residing in a country town not far
from the banks of the Tweed, who has either cleared, or ex-
pects tt clear, 12,0001. by a similar speculation. Again,
therefore, we may well ask, wherein c nsists the protection
of the farmer? Landlords, in the first instance, might suffer
from change ; but the evil would be temporary ; growing cen-
tralization and altered modes of husbandry are fast consigning
to pasture, green crop or barley, all inferior soils, and as popu-
lation increases, the profits of grazing and feeding will increase
in proportion. Ireland is becoming a litt!o 1' land, arid the
great thing wanted is commercial reciprocity ; for, to the Bri-
tish manufacturer it is quite the same whether wages are
raised abroad, or the staff of life cheapened at home. Some,
we observe, argue against any duty on corn at all? but their
reasonings are, and must remain, inconclusive, so long as the
raw materials of our manufacturers are taxed--.a tax, be it oh.
served, which is paid by the buyer, and not the seller. That
a fixed duty would be best for all parties, is becoming more and
More apparent, and the only question is, what should the exact
amount be ?

The weather has not been so favourable in England and
Scotland as in Ireland, and wheat, in particular, seems to
have suffered.—Dublin Evening Post.
Last week the four-pound loaf fell one halfpenny, and this
week there is a deduction of another halfpenny. The i.rice is
now.tenpence.--7/bid.

The weather has been glor:ous for the last week--summer
may be said at length to have visi•e l Sued iv, and yester-
diy in particular, were as warm as the dog-days usually are.
Toe country looks delightful—the agriculturist is everywhere
busy, housing the corn that has been cut, and cu!ting th
tt
which necessity obliged him to leave standing until now. The
wheat has suffered throughout the country—but the crop of
oats and barley is unprecedented in mAgnitude. The pota-
toes, also, are exceedingly abundant.—Waterford Chronicle.

It is a singular fact,.that ever since the alleged ac-
celeration by the railroads, the delivery of general post letters
in the metropolis has been retarded full an hour upon the
average ; while the people of Livirpool make a similar com-
plaint re'ative to the delivery of their now papers.
SIR J. E. ALEXANDER'S NARRATIVE OF TILE
EXPEDITION INTO THE INTERIOR OF AFRICA IN 1837.—This
expedition was undertaken at the invitation of the Geographi-
cal Society, and under the further sanction of Government,
b.rth e.f which conttibuted to its expenses. Sir James Alex-
ender performed a perilous and fatiguing tour of four thousand
miles. the western countries of Southern Mica, extendivg
as
far north as Walvis') Bay, and as far east as Nidis
Very little had been previously known of the native trues oc-
cupying north of the Great Orange River nor of the natural
productions of the soil, and the present work, therefore, by a
man of observation and good sense, will prove of value and
utility toward the gradual civilization of the African continent.
The work, which is illustrated with spirited engravings; tutu
abounds in amusing and Characteristic anecdotes, concludes
with notices of the objects of natural history collected during
the expedition.—Morni,g Chronicle.

'rr'w
1.