The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-12 00:00:00

THE COMMANDER'S OUT PENSION op
GREENWICH.

Admiralty the
girooeue'lasietravlice That
he
Commander James Elphick (2015f8,2h11)87,9et:inretehre:eserved
has been awarded by the
Captain SotloomNoenlvy
hefoltlhoowinnagveypijtourye
isvacanth alat.PYout-pensiongallantlilist,
t'
officer,
d has
seen Greenwich
Ferris stationed in the
will be
, on board the
! North Sea ; proceeded
midshipman of the Brilliant, 28 Newfoundland, in 1798, as
, Inflexible,s e e"
n n from
e
Blackwood ; naid after partici i. Captain lion. Henry
engagement with the French 1434 - ing
in a very spirited
Regen6r6e, accompanied that gun frigates Vertu and
36. On March 31, officer into the Penelope,
Malta, he assisted lBOO, while at the blockade of
1 Tell,
at the hard
wrought of 84wrought capture of Guil-
laume
Rear Admiral guns and 1,000 men, bearing the flag
he attended the eeres subsequently to which event
lieutenant •Kr
, —ov. expedition to Egypt. He became acting
5, 1801, of the Caroline, 36, Captain
William Bowen
1802, was , and, being officially promoted, Jan. 5,
Brit • afterwards appointed April 5, 1803, to the
Britannia, 120, Captain the Earl of Northesk, employed
in the Channel and off Cadiz ; and Jan. 13 and
24, 1806, to the Gibraltar, 80, Captain Thomas Whitby,g
Sept.
and Magnificent, 74, Captains Geor Eand We yre ',-
lough by Thomas Lake. As senior lieutenant of the
latter ship, Mr. Elphick contributed to the reduction Gf
Zante add Ce'phalonia in October, 1809 ; and in March
and April, 1810, he distinguished himself as "a very
gallant and zealous officer" at the siege of Sta. Maura.
We also find him actively co-operating with the patriots
on the north coast of Spain in 1812. The Magnificent
being paid off on her return with convoy from the West
Indies in August, 1815, he remained unemployed until
Sept. 14, 1818, when he joined the Coast Blockade as
Supernumerary Lieutenant of the Severn, 50, Captain
William M.‘Culloch. Since his attainment of the rank
of commander, July 19, 1821, he has not been afloat,"
------.

Onum.—From a return just published it is shown that,
the importation of opium has increased. In the month
ended the 10th ult. the quantity wita 36,7691 b,

CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RA.ILWAY.
COMMUNICATION between ENGLAND., SCOTLAND
Dd IRELAND, via HOLYHEAD.
Notice is Hereby Given, that on and after the let December, 1853,
the Through Booking Arrangements for Passengers .will be confined
•xcrostvely to the EXPRESS VESSELS of the CHESTER and
HOLYHEAD COMPANY, which leave Kingstown at 9 a.m., and
Holyhead at 5.30 p.m.

By order. J. 0. BINGER.
General Manager's Office, Chester, 24th Oct., 1853.

.GREAT INDIAN PENINSULA RAILWAY
COMPANY.
CLOSING OF THE REGISTER.
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN, that the Books in which the
Transfers of Shares are registered will be Closed from TUESDAY,
the 15th, to SATURDAY, the 19th November inst., inclusive, in
connection with an Issue of New Shares. All Shareholders who
may stand upon the Register during the shutting will have the offer
of the Shares then to be issued, by a circular letter, which will be
addressed to them respectively.
(Signed)

CORNELIUS SON,NICHO
Superintending Dire:or.
3, New Broad-street, London, Nov. 3d, 1853.

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY-LANE.

Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.

Teas EVENING, Nov. 12,

The GREAT AMER tai exhiit their
astonishing Pea% nnmaICAN ched ine history of such Perforbmances,
assisted by the most renowned Gymnastic Artistes, 0. Dale and
Barnes, the European and American ctamplons.

THEATRE ROYAL, lIAML/REET.
Under the management of Mr. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 12,

Will ba performed A CURE FOR LOVE. .Characters by Messrs.
Chippendale, Villiers, and Backstone ; Mrs. Stanley, miss Vining.
To be followed by A PRETTY PIECE OF BITSINESS. Cha-
racters by Messrs. Rowe and Buckstone ; Miss Reynolds and Mrs.
Fitzwilliam.
To be followed by MID&S. Characters by Messrs. Compton and
Chippendale ; Misses Featheritone and Ormonde, and Mrs. Poynter.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
Under the Management of Mr. CHARM KzAN.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 12,
Will be performed THE LANCERS ; or, The Gentleman's Son.
Principal characters by Messrs. Meadows, Ryder, Eerett, H. Mellon,
and D. Fisher; Mrs. Winstanley, Mrs. W. Lacy,v Mts. D. and
Miss C. Leclercq.
To be followed by MARCO SPADA. Supported by Messrs. W.
Lacy, J. Chester, Ryder, Raymond, and Everett; Miss Heath and
Miss C. Leclercq.

LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Management of Madame Vestris.
THIS EVENING. Nov. 12,

Will be presented A CURIOUS CASE. Principal character by
Mr. C. Mathews.
After which, THE COMMENCEMENT OF A BAD FARCE
which. however (it Is hoped), w.it, in the end, show HOW TO
MAKE HOME HAPPY. Principal character by Mr. Wright.
To be followed PATTER v. CLATTER. Captain Patter, Mr.
Charles Mathews.
To conclude with WRIGHT AT LAST.

lI:MAME ROYAL ADELPHL

Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste.

THIS EVENING, Nov. 12,

Will be performed THE DISCARDED SON. Characters by
Leigh Murray, Paul Bedford, and Keeley; Mrs. Keeley and Miss
Woolgar, &c.
After which, THE CAMP AT CHOBITAM.
To be followed by "FIOTEI, CHARGES!" or, How to Cook
"A Ilan."
To conclude with COMING OP AGE.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan.

THIS EVENING, Nov. 12,
Will be performed THE CAMP AT THE OLYMPIC. Charac-
ters by Messrs. A. Wigan, Emery, F. Robson, Cooper, and Galli :
Mesdames A. Wigan, Stirling, P. Horton, Chatterley, E. Turner, and
Wyndham.
To be followed by PLOT AND PASSION. Principal characters
by Mr. F. Robson and Mrs. Stirling.

ASTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke.
GRAND MILITARY SPECTACLE—THE INVASION OF
RUSSI A, and THE BURLESQUE.
FOURTH WEEK of the Star of the Arena, Miss KATE COOKE,
who continues to he received with increased enthusiasm.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 12,
And during the week, the Entertainments will commence with
the GRAND EQUESTRIAN MILITARY SPECTACLE, entitled
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE'S INVASION OF RUSSIA; or, The
Bttraing of MOSCOW.
After which, the matchless scenes of the ARENA, supported by
the greatest combination of Equestrian talent in the whole World,
with Mr. W. Cooke's highly-trained Stud of Horses.
To conclude with JUPITER'S DECREE, AND THE FALL OF
PHAETON; or, THE FIERY COURSERS OF THE SUN.
Boa-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
west.

DAILY WEATHER TABLE.

SATURDAY, Nov. 12, 1853.

State of the wind and weather at each of the following
places at nine o'clock yesterday morning. The stations
re arranged in order of latitude.
FoL ICE STON E —N., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
T U NBRID E—S.E., calm—foggy.
GREENWICH—CaIm foggy.
ST Roo
_calm—fogg y .
SWINDON—N.W., light airs—foggy.
CAMBRlDGE—Calm—foggy.
YARMOUTH-S. W., calm —foggy.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

DAY —Norninz, 0 min.after 0 j Evening 54 min.aft. 11
1 o-Sloaaow— Aforning 16 min.after 12 j Evening 37 min.aft. 12

THE WEATEIER.—Sux OVFICA, Nov. 12.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE
50 —highest since noon yesterday.
43 —lowest this morning and during the night.
49—this day at noon.

BAROMETER, 30.35.
WIND, N.N.E.—Light, with foggy weather,

pAG

ng

EutlY-4

~~~,

LONDON, pATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1853.

We have recently had " wars and rumours of
wars." Moro " latest intelligence from the
Danube." New determinations of the CZAR, and
further movements of the diplomatists. From
Vienna we heard that there was to be a Confer-
ence of the Representatives of the Great Powers
held at London, in which the Turkish and Russian
Ambassadors were to participate ; that there had
been numerous skirmishes between the troops
under Prince GORTSCHAKOFF and OILER PACHA
with various success. At one moment the Turks
being retreating, at another the Russians, and
again, both armies remaining in statu quo. In one
place it was announced that NICHOLAS repudiated
the interference of the Western Powers, though
not averse to consider any proposition that
might emanate from the Turks themselves :
while elsewhere it was as confidently affirmed that
" the terms of adjustment of the Eastern Question
had been virtually arranged." The mind was
bewildered between the various statements, all
authoritatively put forward, until it became abso-
lutely impossible to place reliance on any non-
official statement. Sufficient has, however, at
length appeared to show that there has been one
or more collisions—that a contest has taken place
on au extensive scale, and that hitherto, to say
the least of it, the Turks have not been worsted,
but that, on the contrary, victory has for once
attended the side of truth and justice. These facts
may be gleaned from the reluctant admissions of
the Russians themselves—from the parti-coloured
statements emanating from the aggressors—which,
although not deserving of credence, so far as they
may prove favourable to those whose interest it is
to distort the truth and colour facts, may yet be
safely admitted so far asthey tell againstthe narra-
tors
thewseives. We may thus, as we remarked
on Wednesday, hesitate as to the number of Rus-
sians engaged in the struggle, as well as to its
probable results, believing that both were mate-
rially understated ; but there can be no reason to
dTourubktishthat a
troops conflictas taken place, in which the
maintained their ground and the
Muscovites sustained heavy l
the disparity of the foreeboustses. We
may
doubt
not the fact of a
Moslem victory. Ave
havehad it announced from
Vienna that there bad been a battle and
" fourteen superior RUE ear, ojfi
mae
ns t eri3rstsw o he were
fiki that
fief lled
and
that " the .Turks remained,
the Russians were retreating
we may credit as but a more exact account of 'Thisthat
which appeared in The Sun of wedaueadares
that "on the 2d and 3d of November Y' ,
the Turks
crossed the Danube from Turtukai to Oltenitza, to
the number of about 18,000 men. On the 4th
General Parloff attacked them with 9,000 men,
and, after a brisk cannonade, a combat with the
bayonet took place between the two armies. The
Turks maint tined their positions at Oltenitza, and
have fortified them. The combat lasted three
hours. In it the Russians lost several officers
and 136 privates killed, and 6 superior offi-
cers, 18 subalterns, and 479 privates wounded."
If, as we are told, the combat " lasted 28
hours," it is difficult to conceive why reinforce-
ments did not arrive to the attacking force during
the continuance- of the protracted encounter, nor
can we understand why it was that the Russians
should have taken the initiative under very dis-
advantageous and inauzpicioua circtunstance,:m It

is more than probable, from wlpt we have thus
learned, that there has been a regular battle, or
series of battles, between the opposing armies—a
battle also of a very obstinate and decided cha-
racter, and that the Russians have been signally
defeated with very considerable loss. The Turks
have thus vindicated their military reputation,
and proved how greatly in error were those who
sneered at their supposed want of prowess, and
thought the affectation of " independence" on the
part of so helpless a nation an act of the highest
presumption.
The contest, then, has fairly commenced. But
where, when, and how will it terminate ?
That must partially depend on the Emperor
NICHOLAS, with whom a temporary fit of
indigestion, or an irritability occasioned by the
failure of his schemes, may involve all Europe in
hostilities. An admirable commentary, by the
way, on the value of despotic institutions, and
their effects on the general destinies of mankind.
But still more, we say it advisedly, depends on
the conduct of the Western Powers during the
emergency. The CZAR has been decided enough.
Every step taken from the commencement of the
difficulty—from the mission of MENTSCIIIKOFF to
the last insolent Manifesto, to which we alluded
on Thursday as having been officially published in
the .Towrnal de St. Petersburg—betokened the
most vigorous determination, the most inflexible
resolution. Surely, then, it is time that we
should shake off the apathy and indifference that
have hitherto characterised our proceedings under
the auspices of the Joint-Stock Administration.
If we exhibit any further vacillation, any of
that disgraceful timidity which has already re-
flected so much discredit on the British name, it
will be difficult to foresee the termination of the
conflict. Decision and action are now required.
We do not want the twaddlings that tell us, at
such a time, of the propriety of " exhausting all
the means of peace," but which have only exhausted
the patience of the nation and of Europe gene-
rally. We do not want again to have it repeated
that " the policy of her MAJESTY'S Government
is a policy of peace," and that by lips that have
already shown the sinister meaning attached to
such expressions—the light by which alone they
can be interpreted. Falling from Lord PALMER-
STON, such language might be innocuous, but
proceeding from the " respectable ABERDEEN,"
the " dear and excellent " Minister of Russia,
they are suggestive of very inauspicious results,
and warrant a demand for decided and vigorous
action, such as, if long since resorted to, would
have brought the Eastern difficulty to a termina-
tion. We respect the scruples of a " Christian
man," but they are not to be prominently put
forward when answering the demands, or negotiat-
ing with an unscrupulous and unconscientious
adversary, who will be influenced by none but
worldly considerations. Such platitudes delivered
by a broad-brimmed and drab-coated gentleman
of advanced years might suit the atmosphere of a
Peace Society Meeting ; but they are not befit-
ting a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,
nor a Society of true-hearted Englishmen.
It is admitted that we must protect Turkey—
that we must prevent the aggressive disposition of
the Northern Despot from being satisfied by the
spoil of his intended victim. Surely, then, it is
better that we should do so while the party to be
protected is capable of rendering important assist-
ance, and before much greater efforts may be re-
quired on our part to achieve our object. This
duty is rendered the more imperative, as it is far
less onerous in consequence of the laudable efforts
of the Turks, who have proved themselves emi-
nently worthy of support. We may now safely
join in the attempt to pare the claws of the Rus-
sian Bear before he can muster ell his resources
to crush his gallant opponent. We may now,
with the co-operation of France and Turkey, be
enabled to reduce him from the position of an
arrogant dictator to that of an humble suitor
craving for the peace he so recklessly disturbed,
and asking pardon of the unoffending neighbour
whose territories he so wantonly invaded.

It was not until the second quarter of the 19th
century that the great fact that "labour was a
commodity, the price whereof should be regulated
by free competition, according to the invariable
laws of supply and demand," received a legisla-
tive recognition. From the reign of EDWARD I.
to that of GEORGE, a multiplicity of enactments
had been framed for the purpose of preventing
workmen from bringing anything like combined
action to bear on ',heir employers for any purpose
whatsoever. Any assembly or meeting of opera-
tives, for anything relating to the mode of carry-
ing on their trade, was prohibited under very
stringent penalties. The Justices of the Peace for
the district were empowered to settle all disputes
that might wise respecting the rate of wages,
the hours of labour, the finishing of work,
the finding of implements, and the compensation
to be given for any new or altered manufacture,
and were also enabled to punish severely any
workmen confederating together for the purpose
of settling any of these matters. The operatives
were, indeed, placed between two fires, for not
only were there the special enactments providing
for almost every possible case that could arise ;
but if a mode of evasion could be devised, it
would be met by the elastic provisions respecting
conspiracies, which embraced every matter in which
two or more persons were concerned in carrying
out even a strictly lawful object with a corrupt
intent, or by improper means. The evils result-
ing from the operation of these restrictive enact-
ments, however, began to be too clearly percepti-
ble to admit of their retention even in these days of
rotten boroughs and nominee Representatives. An
Act was accordingly passed (6 GEO. IV. c. 129)
by which both the statute law and the common
law, which inflicted punishment either on masters
or workmen for meeting and entering into agree-
ments for the sole purpose of settling the rate of
wages or the hours of work. But the same Act
which enabled them to associate together for these
vlegitimate and beneficial purposes, expressly pro-
vided for the protection of other workmen who
refused to join
that there in the confederacy, or abide by
the regulations entered into. The principle of the
ha
new law was, ere should be the most perfect
in
"free trade"labour—that the operative might
obtain the highest wages for the least quantity of
work, while the master should be equally unre-
stricted in his rates of payments or in the mode
of carrying on his business.

If the new law were acted on in a proper spirit,
if the " hands " in each establishment were
allowed to settle their own differences with their
own employers, everything that could be desired
would be attained. But, unfortunately, an elabo-
rate organisation has been framed by mischievous
agitators, who have endeavoured to turn this useful
law into the iron arw—the fulcrum on which they
may fix their machinery for accomplishing their
great object—the " regulation of the destinies of
trade." These parties, how selected for the duty
it is difficult to say, make it their business to stir
up strife between masters and workmen, to render
the hands querulous and discontented ; and in
case of any trivial difference arising, to prevent by
their mischievous interference the possibility of
an amicable arrangement. The feelings of
the parties are thus mutually embittered,
11 because those idle and heartless scoun-
drels know that, if kindly and well disposed
the one to the other, their own occupa-
tions would be gone. They would no longer be
enabled to swagger in beer-shops on the money
wrung from the hard earnings of their miserable
dupes, who, with all their boasted intelligence, are
not sufficiently sharp-sighted to perceive that their
worst
enemies are the Socialist orators, who de-
claimm vehemently against fancied grievances, and
occasion real injury, by persuadina them to adopt
measures
which cannot possibly procure redress.
This, the real
grievance to trade, has now risen
to a fearful height,
and
are far more serious conse-
quences may follow than generally anticipated.
If we look to the mere
pecuniary loss to the re-
venue, arising from
wouldthe di maffnerlsd a diminished consumption of
taxable articles,
it
the subject.
, to insure legislative consideration
of the working su
to
icient ground
But the content and happiness
population is of far greater importance than
pecuniary consideration. Feelings of wrong any
and
oppression cannot be excited with impunity. we


may look on the irritation of working men as a
matter to be laughed at, not worthy of occasion-
ing any degree of apprehension among the proper-
tied classes, but it is a dangerous delusion to in-
dulge, and one that may some time or other be
very disagreeably dispelled.
There must then be a strict investigation by
a Parliamentary Committee into the causes of this
irritation, and into the nature and working of the
various Unions, the mode of electing Committees,
and generally into the modus operandi thereof.
We do not mean at present to attempt to pre-
judge the result of that close inquiry, or the
nature of the remedies that may be deemed essen-
tial for the purpose of restoring the tranquillity
of the manufacturing districts. We believe,
however, that it will be found indispensable to
prohibit any species of combination which expe-
rience teaches us will not be restricted to legi-
timate purposes, but is made the fertile source
of all the evils that have arisen, or may arise, in
the way of dissension between masters and work-
men.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, Nov. 11.

The Queen and the Duke and Duchess of Brabant
drove out in an open carriage this forenoon. Lord
Charles Fitzroy attended on horseback.
Prince Albert went out hunting, attended by Lieut.-
Colonel the Hon. A. Gordon.

The royal children took their accustomed exercise.
Lord Edward Howard left the castle this morning for
Arundel Castle.

The Earl of Elgin had an interview with the Duke of
Newcastle yesterday at the Colonial-office.
A deputation from the committee to secure parks and
open spaces in London, had an interview with Viscount
Palmerston yesterday at the Home-office, to solicit the
immediate grant of Albert-park for the central districts
of London and the borough of Finsbury. The deputa-
tion consisted of Mr. Tyler (chairman), Messrs. Sandon,
Vincent, Reynolds, Downes, Thomas Dix, Bowerbank,
Lloyd, Barnett, Parson, and Leonard.
A deputation from the Local Board of Health of Eton,
consisting of Mr. J. Cleave (chairman), Messrs. Deve-
reux, Stephenson, Vaughan, and Stacey, with the Sur-
veyor and Clerk to the Local Board, had an interview
yesterday with the General Board of Health, at their
office, Whitehall.
Major Hill, Mr. W. Jackson, M.P., and Major-
General Yorke had interviews yesterday with the Duke
of Newcastle at the Colonial-office.

The Commissioners for inquiring into the state of the
Corporation of the City of London held a meeting yes-
terday at the Privy Council-office in Downing-street.
The Commissioners present were the Right Hon. H.
Labouchere, the Right Hon. Sir J. Patteson, and G.
Cornewall Lewis, Esq.
Despatches were sent last evening from the Colonial-
office for the Governors of the North American Pro-
vinces.

THE ADMIRALTY COURT.—Henry Cadogan Rothery,
Esq., has been appointed Registrar of the High Court
of Admiralty, in the place of Henry Birchfield Swabey,
Esq., who has resigned that office.
Captain Hastings (brother of Sir Thos. Hastings) has
been appointed secretary to the Master-General of the
Ordnance, vice Lord Clarence Paget, resigned.---Army
Despatch..
The Rev. Edward Hoare, M.A., has been licensed to
the Perpetual Curacy of the Holy Trinity, Tonbridge
Wells, in the county of Kent and diocese of Canter-
bury, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. John Nor-
man Pearson ; and Rev. Charles Vernon Hulme Sumner
has been presented to the rectory of Ringwould, same
county and diocese, vacant by the death of the Rev.
John Monins. Patrons, the Trustees of the said J.
Monins.