The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-15 00:00:00

these difficulties with the assistance of Schweigger's and
Ampere's inventions, and those gentlemen in 1837 took
out a patent for a needle instrument, and in July of the
same year it was laid down between Euston-square and
Camden-town stations, and although apparently success-
ful it was ordered to be again removed.
n. The baffled, but not disheartened inventors, suc•
ceeded, however, in having in 1839 an experimental
length on the Great Western Railway from London to
Slough ; but here it remained for some years without
exciting public attention, and was considered a failure
by the two most important railways in the kingdom,
while the Government had previously, in reply to as
application, staled that " the telegraph was of no use in
time of peace, and that the Semaphore in time of war
answered all the required purposes."
In 1844 I examined carefully its action on the Great
Western Railway, in order to form a judgment of hew
far it admitted of certain action, and was not liable to
interruption ; and being satisfied on these points I re-
commended its adoption on the South-Eastern Railway,
when I was the principal engineer, and described, in
addition to its advantages of safety, that of the economy
which would arise from the saving in pilot engines,
plant, &c., and my recommendation was carried into
effect ; and without claiming any merit to myself beyond
pointing out its advantages, I confidently believed that
had not the South-Eastern directors adopted it, and
ablehad and
dey
scientificplace d thei
managernen invention inm rt h. ec h. avn.d sof
Walker,
i
a 1 e sst
might still have been years before the electric telegraph
had arrived at its present perfection and extensive appli-
cation, or even before capital could have been raised to
mutiletireTf ewleir.
greaph Company, which has now above

With reference "to the submarine telegraph my claims
are equally humble, and consistsimply in recommending
the directors to make experiments to test its practica-
biLitY, and insure to them its advantages.
he great difficulty to overcome was the perfeet luau-
lation of the wires, which was accomplished by Mr. Wal-
ker who succeeded in sending submarine messages by gutta
perch& wire at Folkestone before the cable was proposed ;
and it is therefore the more to be regretted by the
South-Eastern Railway that the submarine telegraph
has fallen into other hands, from the effect it would have
exercised on the continental traffic; and it is to be
equally regretted that_ an_ arrangement was not made
with the Submarine Company when they had first esta-
blished the water communication, and before they had
obtained the power to extend it on land from Dover to
London—an arrangement which would have been mu-
tually advantageous to both companies.
I accompanied the 'expedition to lay the submarine
cable as a visitor only, and was no less delighted at the
end of that anxious day to be able, in a gale of wind, to
send a message to England, than were Mr. Wollaston
and Mr. Crampton, the engineers ; but I have not in-
tended to imply for an instant that the successful result
of that difficult operation was otherwise than due alone
to these gentlemen.
...

It willbo satisfactory to me, and is, I think, due to
the engineers above•mentioned, that you should publish
this communication.

PETER W. BARLOW.
26, Great George-street, Westminster, Sept. 14.

THE AUSTRIANS IN WALLACHIA.

(Prom th 4 Daily. News.) •
The officers of the Austrian army of occupation
in Wallachia are conducting themselves at Bucha-
rest with the same insolent brutality which they
have for years been excercising at the expense of
the inhabitants of the Lombardo-Venetian terri-
tories. The letter of our correspezient at Bucha-
rest, which we published yesterd4y, contained an
account of their intolerably overbearing demeanour;
in so far as the Turkish Government was concerned.
The letter from the same gentleman, which we pub-
lish to-day, contains an account of their treatment
of private individuals. The magnanimous General
Popovitch performs a prominent part in the drama.
This gallant hero, who in 1848 saved his skin
by surrendering to a much inferior force under
Guyon, and quietly remaining a prisoner to the
end of the war, is now displaying his valour
at the expense of the lodging-house keepers and
ladies of Bucharest. Because an unfortunate house-
owner, whose apartments have pleased him, refuses
to unlock the rooms of two lodgers who are in the
country, and give them up to the Austrian general,
Popovitch almost beats the doors off their hinges.
If he ultimately gained admission—a matter still in
doubt—it is to be hoped the absent lodgers ob-
tained a good account of the property they had
left behind them under lock and key. Popovitch
did not come off so scathless in his attempt to
insult a lady of Bucharest upon whom he wished
to quarter some of his staff. Omer Pacha in-
terfered ; told the Austrian hero in the plainest
language what he thought of his conduct; and Po-
povitch apologised. In so doing he acted in ser-
vile imitation of his Commander-in. Chief. General
Hess advanced towards Bucharest, distributing
right and left handfulls of a proclamation, in which
he ordered the Wallachian authorities to apply to
his aide-de-camp for instructions in everything.
Omer Pacha protested against this order, repre-
senting to Feldzeugmeister Hess that as general of
a friendly army of occupation he had nothing to
do with the civil government of Wallachia, which
was vested in him, Omer Pacha. The Feldzeug-
moister apologised ' vowed he had no intention
to encroach upon the jurisdiction of the Pacha ;
and, to prove this, showed the proclamation in the
original German, where the Wallachian authorities
were only instructed to apply to his Adjutant in all
things connected with the Austrian troops. It was
curious that this important mission in the Walla-
chian translation was never discovered till after
Omer Pacha had remonstrated. The apology of
General Popovitch was an equally tardy and un-
gracious compliance with a broad hint from Omer
Pacha. Will Feldzeugmeister Hess and General
Popovitch be equally amenable to the rebukes of
the Pacha after the Austrian army of occupation
has been concentrated around Bucharest ? They
are both trying how far they may venture to
go ; and in future the amount of their power
will be the exact measure of the insolence of the
one in his intercourse with the Turkish authori-
ties, and of 'the brutality of the other in his inter-
course with the non-official Wallachians of every
rank, age, and sex. The spirit of Radetzky, the
oppressor of Italy, animates Hess ; the spirit of
Ilaynau, the woman-flogger, has migrated into
Popovitch. The Government of Vienna already
regards the Danubian Principalities as equally its
own property in perpetuity with Venice and'Lom-
bardy. It is governing the new acquisition in the
same spirit that it has ruled Cie old. By the con-
vention of the 14th of June last the Porte has
bound itself to admit the advance of Austrian
troops into the Principalities, and to allow them
to remain there until a now special convention regu-
' lating their retreat has been concluded between the
Austrian and Turkish Governments. The Aus-
' triads having taken the precaution to prevent their
being forcibly expelled from Wallachia and Alol-
davia., are already beginning to show their deter-
mination to act there not as friendly allies, but as
masters. They will take upon them an authority
they are not entitled to, like Feldzeugmeister Hess
in his proclamation ; they will continue to act as
if their authority were real if not resisted ; if op-
posed, they will laugh the matter off as a mistake,
but repeat the experiment on the first opportunity ;
and they will end by carrying their point.
The fate of the Porte in regard to the Danubian
Principalities is the exact counterpart of the fate of
one of the animal heroes of au .tEsopian fable. The
horse begged the huntsman to avenge it on its
enemy the stag. The huntsman consented, on condi-
tion that the horse would take a bridle in its mouth,
and a saddle on its back, and allow him to mount
it for the chase. The horse consented, but when
the stag was killed, and the chase was at an end,
mythical
lopt
parallel
lt
ever in
er is all
il ?
the horseman refused to dismount. The friendly
huntsman was an enemy not so easily got rid of
stag
hisTthoerie
a l or
parallel
ytihs i
asp the
e;
what
The huntsman really helped to kill the stag ; the
Austrians have had no hand in beating back the
Russians. The horse had nothing
but its own folly
to thank for its subjection to the huntsman. When
time Turks are groaning under the infliction of
Austrian friendship they can turn round upon the
Government of England,
and
say, It was your
advice that brought us into this scrape."
On the
10th of June Lord Stratford de Redcliffe wrote
to the Earl of Clarendon, in relation to the conven-
tion between Austria and Turkey : "In reply to an
application from Reschid Pacha, I have advised a
simple acceptance of the Austrian draft. On the 22d
of June Lord Clarendon replied to Lord Stratford
de Redcliffe—" I have to acquaint your Excel-
lency that her Majesty's Government approve the
course which you adopted in advising the Turkish
Ministers to accept the draft of treaty
Here are
both their hands—the hands of England's Foreign
Minister and of England's Ambassader at Constan-
tinople—to the confession that the occupation of
Wallachia by the Austrians eir work The
effect of that occupation has already
been to para.
lvse and strike despondency to the, heart of
Omer Pacha ; to disorganise his army by de-
pefvin2,
him of his best—his only reliable offi-
cers ; to subject the Wallachians, men and women,
to
othe brutalities of men bred in the schools of
Radetzky and Haynau ; and to consign to Aus-
trian fortresses and dungeons the residue of the
Hungarian patriots who have not yet been hanged,
shot, or imprisoned in Austria, and have not
found refuge in England or America. And all
these consequences must have been foreseen by
ministers and diplomatists who have been long
conversant with the Austrian Government. This
wretched transaction is a terrible stain on the
escutcheon of England; it is as bad as the national
breach of faith to Sicily and Genoa in the earlier
part of the century. To take arms against Russia
in order to wrest Moldavia and Wallachia from its
grasp, and then to play those provinces into the
hands of Austria, is one of the most degrediag
farces recorded in history.