The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-11 00:00:00

LON DON, FRIDAY EVENING, N OVEMBER 11, 1853.

BANK OF DEPOSIT,
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Prospectuses free on application.

SOYER'S EXQUISITE SAUCES expressly sea-
soned to suit the Palate of Ladies or Gentlemen. SOYER'S Re-
lish for general purposes, and SovEa's Aromatic Mustard.
To be had of all grocers end Italian warehousemen ; and whole-
sale of Crosse and Blackwell, purveyor.; by appointment to her
Majesty, 21, Soho-square, London.

ALSTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPHI-
THEATRE.—Renowned through the world for its Grand
Spectacle. Renownet for the greatest Equestrian Arthts of all
nations—La Grand Romme. for the display of the first Equestrian
Arti-ts of the Day—Lessee and Manager Mr. WILLIA M COOKE,
who respectfully announces to the nobility, gentry, and the public of
Londe., the representation of the finest Nii itary Spectacle ever Pro-
duced, entitled THE INVASION OF RUSSIA, or BURNING OF
MOSCOW. Descriptive of the Great Napoleon's Magnanimity of
Mind, Forbearance, Charity, and Judgment. After which Astley's
unrivalled SCENE OF THE CIRCLE, introducing the graceful me-
nage of Miss Kate Cooke, whose witching horsemanship has created
a perfect furore—Miss Emily Cooke the Star Rider of the World—
Madlle. Masotta, the unequalled Sylph, the Diana of the Arena—
Madame Bridges the Graceful Equestriene—Madame Lee, the Ele-
gant Horsewoman—Mr. Barlow's Delineations of BOZ'S PICK-
WICK, &c., &a.—concluding with the popular and classical bur-
lesquc of JUPITER'S DECREE. or THE FALL OF PHAETON
and his FIERY COURSERS OF THE SUN.

ST . MARGARET'S, near RICHMOND.—
A Public Meeting of the inhatiltants of Richmond will take
pia -e in the Public Hall, on TUESDAY, Nev 15th, at seven o'clock
precisely, when a deputation of the Executive Committee of the
Conservative Laud Society, including Viscount Ranelagh, Colonel
Knox, M.P., the Rev. Dr. Worthington, Henry Pownall, Esq., R. N.
Fowler, Esq., &c., will attend to explain the plan and mode of
allotm.nt of the Society's Estates. Persons desirous of obtaining
allotments on the St. Marearet's Estate, late the property of the
Earl of Kilmorey, are reqnested to attend the meeting. For pros-
pectuses, er shares, apply to Charles Lewis Gruneisen, Secretary,
33, Norfolk-street, Strand ; or to Mr. William Long, Red Lion
street, Richmond ; Mr. 11. Briggs, Holland-house, Isleworth ; Mr.
T. R. Bartrop, Kingston and Chertsey ; Mr. W. Boorman, Kingston ;
Mr. A. Brown, Kingston ; Mr. A. Collis, Hounslow; Mr. J. Figg,
lirentford; Mr. S. Neville, ditto ; Mr. J. Farquharson, E.ling;
Mr Squire, Hanwell ; Mr. Farley, Croydon; Messrs rage a, d.
Relf. Reigate and Dorking ; Mr. Chasemore, Felham ; and Mr.
Evan Hare, Putney.

SUN LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
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CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.

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HONORARY PRESIDENTS.

CHARLES HINDLEY, Esq., M.P.. Dartmouth•house, Westminster.
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" The Times " Company affords-gdaraidee to persons requiring the
same at the lowest possible rate, and divides four-liths of the profits.
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H. B. SHERIDAN, Manager.

Now publishing to Subscribers, in 2,400 imperial octavo pages, price
305., with Map corrected from recent Surveys,

POST-OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY for
1851. The work is printed in entirely new type from the
Caslon and Glasgow Letter Foundry, and has been so greatly ex-
tended, that the "Street Directory" contains 13'1,842 distinct names
or firms; these will be found correctly classified in all the other
principal divisions, Commercial, Trades, Law, and Court, all of which
are increased in proportion to the great extension of the " Street
Directory." _ _ - - . _

Battersea, Bow, Brixton, Bromley (Middlesex), Camberwell,
Cambridge Heath, Clapham-road, Dalston, Deptford, Hackney, Hol-
loway-road, Kentish-town, Kingsland, New-cross, South Lambeth,
Stratford, Wandsworth road, &c., &c., are essentially parts of "the
great metropolis," and should obviously be so treated in any Directory
of London. In the " Post-office Directory" the inhabitants of these
places appear in all the alphabetical lists, so thlt the residence and
calling of any one can be instantly traced in whatever part of the
suburbs lie may be located.
Had the residents in these localities been segregated from all the
others, and each published ONLY in a separate list, it would obviously
have been impossible to discover the address or calling of any person
residing in the environs of London.
" The Feist Otfice Directory has long been the wonder of the pub-
lishing wend, a monument of private enterprise and ingenious labour
wholly without parallel."—Morning Herald, Nov. 4, 1853.

"The recentness of the compilation in its several departments is
really astonishing. The indices are very numerous, and immensely
facilitate reference to the various sub-divisions of the book. There
is a Street Index, a Trades Index, a Law Index, a Postal Index, a
Parliamentary Index, besides the General Index at the beginning."
—Morning Advertiser, November 4, 1853.
"The work deserves much praise for the accuracy which pervades
it, and for the lateness of the information which it affords. —Morn-
ing Chronicle, November 4, 1853.
" Altogether this is by far the completest Directory yet produced,
both as regards clmsidcation and typographical execution." illus-
trated News, November 5, 1853.
" The difference between this and former editions of the Directory
does not consist in mere enlargements ; various important additions
have been made. If it be true, as all our readers will be ready to
admit, that there is no country like England, and no place like Lon-
don, it is a most consistent climax to add, and no guide book like
the "Post Office Directory."—John Bull, November 5, 1853.
" It is undoubtedly one of the most remarkable and useful works
of the age, and the manner in which the Messrs Kelly execute the
task is deserving of the highest praise." Herapath's Journal,
November 5, 1853.

" While this monster volume is a perfect desideratum for the office
and the counting-houBe, it is an extraordinary specimen of the com-
bined arts of printing and boolunaking."—Mining Journal, Novem-
ber 5, 1853.

" The present volume has been greatly increased in size by the
introduction of a large number of streets in the suburbs."—Weekly
Digpatch, November 5, 1853.
" The edition of this wonderful work has, to speak commercially,
been enlarged some ten or fifteen per cent."—Spectator, November
5, 1853.

" Messrs. Kelly and Co. have just produced their London Direc-
tory for 1854, and without increasing its price they have enlarged its
proportions to such an extent that merely to look at it gives no in-
significant idea of the wonders of a city that demands such a work
to register its multifarious contents."—Atlas, Nov. 5, 1853.
" The whole information has been brought up with great care AND
ACCURACY to the 19th o: September."— Sunday Times, November
6, 1853.
"A notice of this gigantic volume, proportioned to its size and
value, would occur)), our whole paper—we say its size and value, for
they hold a perfectly equal measure."—Standard, Nov. 7; 1853.
" Already the Mears. Kel'y and Co. had actually distanced the
most enterprising of their competitors. They have now rendered it
preposterous for any other compiler to dream of emulating their ex-
aordivary enterprise."—Sun, November 7, 1853.
e " Its marvellous accuracy and minuteness of detail, fills one with
astonishment"— Morning Post, November 7, 1853.
" This annual miracle appears again."—Globe, Nov. 8, 1853."
Kelly and Co., 13 and 20, Old Boswell Court, and all Booksellers.

ELECTION OF MAYORS.-Mr. John Buck Lloyd was
unanimously elected, at the first meeting of the town
council yesterday, mayor of Liverpool for the ensuing
year. Mr. Lloyd is a solicitor in extensive practice, a
strong Conservative in politics, and the chairman of the
committee who have the completion of St. George's
Hall under their charge. It is understood that
the present mayor will use his utmost efforts to
secure the finishing of that edifice ere the visit of the
British Association next year. Alderman Baldwin was
yesterday unanimously elected mayor of Birmingham
for the ensuing year ; and in the evening a banquet,
attended by a numerous and influential body of residents
of the town and neighbourhood, was given at Dee's
Royal Hotel to Alderman Hawkes, the ex-mayor, upon
his retirement from office. For Manchester, Mr. Ben-
jamin Nichols, and for Salford, Mr. Wm. Ross were
elected without opposition. Yesterday the Southamp-
ton town council met at the Audit-house for the purpose
of electing a fit and proper person to fill the office of
mayor for the ensuing year ; also to elect aldermen, &c.
Mr. J. T. Tucker was proposed on behalf of the Liberal
portion of the council, whilst Captain Breton occupied
the attention of the Conservatives. The latter gentle-
man's name having been put as an amendment, the fol-
lowing division took place :—For Breton, 14 ; against,
22 ; neutral, 2. For Tucker, 23 ; against, 12 ; neutral,
3. Majority for Tucker, 11. The following aldermen
were next re-elected to the various wards :—Messrs.
Allen, Palk, Biendluce, Brooks, and Stace. Mr. C.
Deja was appointed senior bailiff for the ensuing year,
and Mr. T. Wolferstan, junior, ditto.

SHOEBURYNESS LONG-RANGE.—The quiet and pictur
esque parish of Shoebury, in this county, is fast rising
in importance by the introduction of what is called the
long range practice batteries, and temporary barracks
have been erected, and two companies of the Royal Ar-
tillery, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Lake,
have been stationed there during the summer. On
Friday, the 4th inst., Lord Raglan, the Master-General
of the Ordnance, accompanied by Colonels Chalmer,
Pickering, and Cater, came down from Woolwich in a
Government steamer to try the elliptical shot and Lan-
caster's gun versus the eccentric ditto. We have not
heard the result, but the day passed off without a recur-
rence of the accidents which marked a similar trial
during the summer. The troops are healthy, and will
soon go into winter quarter. Should the general esti-
mate for the erection of permanent barracks be car-
ried out by Government, Shoebury will present one of
the most attractive features in this county, as it com-
mands an uninterrupted range of five miles of sand for
experimental practice, and about the same extent of
beach.—Essex _Herald.
HORRIBLE SCENE.—At an execution of four criminals
in Mexico, on the 24th September, a shocking addition
was made to the sufferings of one of the criminals. Three
were garotted with the accustomed readiness, but on
the executioners endeavouring to perform the last func-
tions on the fourth, the machinery could not be made to
work. For some minutes endeavours to force it to do
so were made, but in vain, and finally the unfortunate
victim was obliged to be released from the chair, to gaze
on the corpses of his fellow sufferers, while one of them
was lifted out to make room for him, and, finally to take
his seat in the chair thus vacated, there to undergo his
sentence. This was the secend time, of late, that, a simi-
lar shocking scene has been witnessed in. Mexico -

THE LONDON AND SOUTH WESTERN

RAILWAY.

( From the Morning Chronicle)

At the special meeting of the prop tors of the
South-Western Railway which is to e held on
ri,a
Tuesday next, a very important repor will be sub-
mitted by the directors for the approbaition of their
constituents. It will then be seen Whether the
shareholders ,are willing honourably to fulfil the
guarantee publicly given by their chairman—in
compliance with resolutions passed by an over-
whelming majority at their meeting in May last—
on the faith of which the progress of the Devon
and Dorset Railway Bill was arrested by the ad-
verse report of the commiteee to whose considera-
tion it had been referred. We might not, however,
think it necessary to draw public attention to the
subject, if we were not convinced that it is one in
which national interests are far more seriously in-
volved than they have been in any previous battle
of the gauges. We can most sincerely disclaim all
hostility to the Great Western Railway Company ;
and although, sheltering ourselves under the autho-
rity of Lord Hardinge, we may venture to pro-
nounce the origal laying down of the broad gauge
" a national calamity," we should nevertheless
regret to see its shareholders deprived, by reck-
less or unreasonable competition, - of the return
they may fairly eipect for their investments. On
the other hand, attempts at nii)nopoly—which, for
the sake of 'the , public„ mnst'al ways be watched
with a vigilant eye—require rice be resisted with
more than ordinary vigour- in:the-case, of a Com-
pany the peculiarity Of whoie gauge, as it prevents
their working in: harmony with the lines which
already occupy the greater part - a the kingdom,
must necessarily occisiort-gKat inconvenience and
delay at every point of contact. These evils are
sensibly felt by passengers—they are, far greater in
the case of heavy goods— but they are 'greatest of
all when the passengers are soldiers, -and the heavy
goods artillery or other munitions of war. On
this ground we are justified in terming the ques-
tion one of national importance • and had it not
vitally affected public interests, there would have
been no necessity for the Commander-in-Chief,
Lord Palmerston, Mr. Sidney B.erbert, Sir James
Graham, and Lord Malmesbury, to assist the
Committee in arriving at their determination.
In order to render the subject clearly intelligible
to those who have not studied it, we must say a
few words as to the extent of railway communica-
tion already existing in England, because upon this
the whole question really turns. It is true that
the present controversy is principally as to the
gauge to be adopted along a small portion of
the southern coast, from Dorchester to Exeter ;
and were those towns isolated, and likely to re-
main isolated, from others, it would be a matter
of comparative indifference how their union might
be effected. The facts, however, are very dif-
ferent. From every district in the north of Eng-
land, from every important town, from every mili-
tary station, railways converge to the metropolis,
and all these are on the narrow gauge. Passing
from London along the coast, we have uninter-
rupted railway communication to Chatham through
Woolwich—again from Canterbury to Deal, and
again from Dover to Dorchester—the extreme dis-
tance from the shore being about ten miles, but the
average very considerably less, and all these lines
also are on the narrow gauge. At Ashford, Lewes,
Hastings, Brighton, and Southampton, other rail-
ways radiating from London—each of them con-
structed on the same gauge—meet this coast line ;
and the point especially to be noticed is, that ten
out of the twelve main depots of troops in England
are thus brought into immediate communication.
Movements between Weedon, Windsor, Wool-
wich, London, Chatham, Dover, Chichester,
Portsmouth, Brighton, and Dorchester, may be '
effected without any change of gauge. Portland is
not far from Dorchester, with which it may easily
be brought into connection ; but Exeter has no
coast line to the east, and transit from that city to
any one .of the places which we have mentioned
(except London) cannot be effected without a long
detour, and a break of gauge in addition. It
may, perhaps, be thought that, in speaking of the
connection which exists between the northern and
southern lines, we are overlooking the distance
' between the different metropolitan stations, and
the time which must be lost in transhipment ; but
although this consideration possesses some import-
ance, it must be remembered that, in many cases,
the short line from Brentford to Kilburn entirely
obviates the necessity of passing-through London,
and similar facilities might easily be afforded in
other directions.

The substance of the case, then, is, that we have
a network of narrow gauge railways, extending,
with scarcely an interruption, over the whole north-
ern half of the island, over all the south-eastern '
part, and along the southern coast from Dover to
Dorchester. At Exeter, about fifty miles from the
western extremity of the narrow gauge, its rival
furnishes a coast line to Plymouth ; and it may,
perhaps, at some future time, be able to go further
westward, notwithstanding the obstacles which im-
pede
its progress. There is no immediate occasion
to suggest any interference with the South Devon
Company in their enjoyment of this territory—
though it might have been well if they could have
avoided such close proximity to the sea, and the
comfort of travellers would have been greater if the
line had been originally constructed for locomotives,
and not on the atmospheric principle. It may be
too late to remedy past errors ; but, if we are will-
ing to act on the advice of those most competent
to give it, we shall avoid them in future. Lord
Maimesbury informed the committee that it was
the Duke of Wellington's decided opinion that a
coastline ought to be kept, as far as practicable, at
a distance of about seven miles from the sea—that
space being requisite to secure it both against na-
tural encroachments and against the risk of surprise
by a hostile force. Among our past errors we must
also, as we have already observed, include the va-
riety of gauge, which must necessarily occasion an
interruption to the facility of transit at some point
or other on the southern coast. The inconvenience
of such a break, in the transmission of artillery,
was forcibly urged upon the committee by Lord
Hardinge :—" A field battery of six guns would
require an hour and a half to tranship, for they
must have a very large number of carriages ; it
would require, probably, three trains—that is to
say, sixty carriages and three engines—to carry so
small a force as six field guns, because there would
be above 100 men and 100 horses, and therefore a
transhipment would be very embarrassing."
As to the necessity of filling up, with as little
delay as possible, the hiatus which at present exists
in our lino of communication on the southern
coast, there can hardly be two opinions; and the
simple question, is, therefore, whether the break of
gauge, since such there unhappily must be, shall
be at Dorchester or at Exeter. We must here
warn the partizans of the Great Western Company
that this question is not to be decided by consider-
ations of private interest. The security of the
country in the hour of danger is not to be hazarded
for the sake of gratifying or thwarting one com-
pany or another ; and the House of Commons has
already evinced its determination to act on this
principle. We have shown that, by an extension
of the narrow gauge to Exeter, every one of the
twelve stations specified by the Secretary-at-War,
in his evidence, as the principal military depots in
England, will be brought into close connection ;
and we look in vain for any such advantage from a
broad-gauge line. If we refer to the evidence of
those most competent to represent the interests of
the public, we find the high authority.to whom we
have just alluded stating that he "would rather
have a narrow-gauge line ;" and we learn further
that he is impressed with the importatnce, in a mi-
litary point of view, of direct communication be-
tween Salisbury and Exeter, which, does not at
present exist. The Secretary-at-War expressed a
strong opinion that, " if there is to be a break of
gauge, the further it can be got to the westward
the better, and that the line proposed by the
Great Western would have seriously interfered
with the principle which it is essential to carry out.
Sir James Graham, the representative of the Ad-
miralty, after consultation with naval authorities,
arrived at precisely the same conclusion; and Lord
Palmerston added to the views of his colleagues
the weight of his practical knowledge,.
It would be needless to argue this part of the
question further ; but we must not forget that it
may probably be urged that the shareholders
of the South-Western cannot fairly be called
upon to sacrifice their own intdests for the
good of the country. And it is 44? doubt true,
that as , the nation has wisely 1,1)i stained from
making railroads for itself, inditiduals must,
as a general rule, make them t r let them
alone, as they may think most for thbi own advan-
tage. There are, however, exceptio to this rule,
and the present case is one of the for all the
opinions which we have quoted we e pronounced
on the assumption that, if the saniOn of Parlia-
ment were withheld from the prggsed line, a
narrow gauge railway would be eons Oucted with-
, out delay ; and these opinions, Aided with a

direct pledge from the Chairman of the South-
Western Railway, induced the committee to report
against the bill. It is, therefore, by no means an
open question whether an engagement thus dis-
tinctly entered into by the company, and already
acted upon by the Legislature, should or should
not be carried out, even at the risk of pecuniary
loss. We hope, however, to take an opportunity
of reverting to the subject before the meeting
which is to take place on next Tuesday ; and we
shall endeavour to show that no such loss need be
apprehended, and that the pecuniary interests of
the proprietors, as well as their reputation for good
faith—which we presume they value in their cor-
porate as well as in theirindividual capacity—will
sustain serious injury if they arrive at a decision in-
consistent with the report which is to be submitted
for their confirmation.