The Sun.
London, England, 1838-07-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY. tit-f4c6)41
, c LAY 21, 1838.

litrtthgeornEainti,ooit,n,;atiforadtttihtteidei—,7aplelriasiucshysateremNiaspopl;osniasts,,,.witetter sembly of Jamaica, for instance, will be idle while anyaw
o,;,l,raLis;•kdminetrowaanciCoornost:tt:iiim.,.
thing is to be done in the way of passing laws to regulate
the intercourse between the labourer and his employer. Revolni
We are well warranted, from past experience, to anticipate equality before the I,:w.
hrrnq -
that no effort will be spared to circumscribe the li
of the black population by Vagrant Acts
apparatus which ingenuity, char'
vise. It is, therefore.
possible or^

ayid an t;e other

~cee'd by malignity, can de-
. • —ow, ail things, necessary that every
~caution should be taken to counteract the evil
~isposition of this body ; and the main point is to fix on a
Governor to succeed Sir LIONEL SMITII (who, it is :re-
ported, is about to return home), who, while he can hold a
tight rein over the Assembly, shall also possess the
entire confidence of the negroes, There are 1-... it
two men alive wile 'PossC:s these qua"c.cations.
Need we mention—o-.
1i1:..e to call himy his old title
—Lord Mtrt.c-..Avu, and the Nb•quis of SLIGO. The
aPP°intnit''lL of the one is :Alt of the question. Ire•
land, a 'far more important colony—alas, that we should be
t•
oblir,„ed Eo to denominate it—cannot spare him ; but we
,•ust the other will be invited to resume those duties
which he has proved himself so well qualified to discharge ?

t is a matter of great regret that the Duke of WEL-
LINGTON, who, according to his promise last Session, has,
during the whole of the present Session, shown a disposi-
tion to make some concession to the MELBOURNE Govern-
ment on the affairs of Ireland, should not have been led by
his own good sense and experience to see that something
more was wanting than a mere temporary compromise be-
tween two parties. His object in making these concessions
was to put an end to all the disputes about that ill-go-
verned country, which have so long occupied the attention
of both Houses of Parliament, and it was, there-
fore, his duty, before he came to any compromise,
to see that the measures proposed were calculated to allay
agitation. Certainly neither the Municipal Bill, nor the
Tithe Bill, Call remove the existing causes of discontent.
They are framed rather to suit the views of the Orange
part:, than those of the great bulk of the Irish nation.
The Tithe Bill satisfies no class. The Irish landlords are
discontented, because it compels them to pay tithes to a
clergy who are not the clergy of the people—to men
who, contrary to the practice of every country, Jew-
ish or Christian, where tithes ever existed, receive the
tenth of all the land, without performing " the service
of the tabernacle of the congregation," for which alone
tithes were instituted. The people will not be satisfied,
because, though nominally relieved from the payment of
tithes, it will fall upon them in the shape of rent, and the
result will be an union between landlord and tenant, more
cordial than ever, to get rid of an impost which they regard
as a badge of conquest borne by no other people in the
British dominions, or even in the civilized world. Will
the people of Great Britain be satisfied, who find them-
selves called upon to pay a million out of their revenues
to a Church which, if properly constituted, would be
the richest in the world—which has not only failed
in its object, but has been the main cause of all the ills
which have so long distracted Ireland ? Neither Orange-
men nor Catholics can be satisfied. The scheme will not
even produce momentary tranquillity. The concessions
made imply that the party granting them were, as has been
all along contended, in the wrong, and will only encourage
the injured Catholics to persevere till they are placed on a
footing with their fellow-subjects, and receive a portion of the
funds originally intended for their moral and religious educa-
tion. This has ever been the consequence of refusing justice
to a whole nation. What would have satisfied the Catholics in
1799 would not satisfy them in 1829 ; and 50,0001. a-year
out of the surplus, which would have been accepted With
feelings of hope and gratitude in 1830, will be rejected with
scorn in 1840. The Duke of WELLINGTON knows as well
as any man that what ought to be done ought to be done
quickly, and all friends of peace must, therefore, regret that
he has not freed•himself from the trammels of his party, as
he did in 1829, and acceded to measures which are de-
manded alike by policy and justice. Of this he may rest
certain, and the fact is placed beyond doubt by the expe-
rience of ages, and the deliberate opinions of many of the
first Statesmen this country has produced, that till provi-
sion is made for the clergy of the people, Ireland will con-
tinue to be a thorn in the side of England.

To the comparison of the price of sugar in our own and
the foreign market, to-day, we add a comparison of the
price of Jamaica and St. Domingo coffee ; by which it ap-
pears that the latter is 435. cheaper per cwt. than the for-
mer. May we not reckon this as another tax, levied on
us for the behoof of the planters? In other respects
the comparison will be found almost as instructive
as the comparisons which are continually published of
the price of corn here and on the Continent, which
show that we usually pay from 60 to 80 per cent.
more for our bread than is paid in France and Ger-
many. The Legislature first taxes the landowners for
the behoof of the sugar-growers, and then it taxes the
latter for the advantage of the former ; and so it goes
through all the classes of the community, giving one a pro-
tection, and taxing all other classes for its support, because
it has before taxed it to support the others. It is grossly
mistaken, however, if it fancies that at the end of the pro-
cess all the classes are in the same relative position, and
are all equally as advantageously situated, as if it had never
began its system of mutual and reciprocal protection and
taxation.

The whole of the Paris Papers of Thursday have been
received, but their contents are of very little political im-
portance. In most of them are articles on the Hollando-
Belgic question, but we regard the statements contained in
them as very questionable, if not purely conjectural. The
official form in which the following announcement is made
in the Messager, would seem to entitle it to a degree of
credence, which we arc not disposed to give to such com-
munications :

We are able to announce that the Conference of London, which is
on the point of being occupied with the Hollando-Belgic question,
will hold its first sittings in the course of this week, and that id. Zicci,
who is the bearer of the latest instructions from the Cabinet of Vienna,
has already arrived in London. The negociators are said to be di.
♦ided on a preliminary question. The representatives of the Northern
Powers demand that previously to the discussion of the contested
articles, the treaty should be executed as far as concerns the articles
which appear to these not subject to contestation. The cession of the
territories in their eyes forms part of the latter articles. Thus, accord.
ing to this system, the Conference would treat of the question of the
debt and the navigation of the Scheldt, only after King William should
have taken possession of Limbourg and Luxembourg. France and
England are formally opposed to such a division of the question, and
demand that the discussion shall be established on the entire of the
treaty. This demand is perfectly just, as it is impossible to separate
questions intimately connected with each other, and which may give
rise to mutual compensation.
The article which appears in the National on this ques-
tion is evidently intended to awaken in the minds of the
Belgians suspicions of the patriotism of their King.
Rightly to understand the cause of this, we must look to
the closeness of his Belgian Majesty's alliance with Eng-
land—the greatest crime, in the opinion of that journal, of
which LEOPOLD could possibly be guilty. The following
is a sample of the reasoning employed by the organ of the
Republican party in France, to convince the Belgians of
the course which it is proper for them to take upon this
question :

So long as the Belgians abandon their interests to their own Go.
vernment or the Conference of London, they may depend upon being
betrayed and sacrificed. We do not speak here of the Dutch debt,
which by the aid of France can be easily arranged; but we refer to
the question of territory, which is of far graver import. Limbourg and
Luxembourg must belong to one or the other of the two kingdom; of
Holland and Belgium : the genius even of the juste
clans cannot invent a third method of settling the matter. The
King Leopold cares little about the crown which he wears,
for his civil list scarcely equals the pension which he enjoyed as the
widower of the Priaccis Charlotte; and if, therefore, the Belgians de-
sire to prevent their territory from being parcelled out and given to a
foreign Prince they must prepare themselves to defend their possession of
it ; and when the Prussian army attempts to force an entry, they must
repel the attempt by like force. There are walls and ditches in Luzon-
bourg and Limbourg, and the liberties of other countries have had no
other cradles. Besides, is not Fiance close at hand, and will she suffer
another Polish partition to be accomplished at her Very doors ?
These are the ravings of a madman, not the suggestions
of a sober, deliberating Journalist, intent only upon the
promulgati')n of just views and sound principles. Europe
has suffered too much already from the ditch-cradle spirit
of liberty, to be ever again the victim of such a Will-o%
the-Wisp. •

A long letter, addressed by Prince Louts NAPOLEON
to M. LAITY, on the subject of the Strasburg Pamphlet,
appears in the Augsburg Gazette, and is casually noticed
in the French Journals. That the writer is "a lunatic
with some inter4ls," would appear from the following ex-
tract from this most extraordinary document :
You will be asked where the Napoleon party is ? Your answer will
be, ' The party is nowhere but the cause is everywhere.' The party is
nowhere because my friends are not formed into regiments ; but
the cause is everywhere—from the workshop to the King's
Council—from the soldiers' barracks to the drawing rooms of
the Marshals of France; Republicans, Juste Milieux, Legitimists,
all who wish.for a strong Government, real liberty, and an isespos.

....; of

_..sLard imitation of
but it is the principles of Mo.
..ment; it is hierarchy ill dentoliriffi
.e reward of merit, a colossal iv`th 1
.. sublime head. Say that, in watl4.3Asiiit the puEl.,
...n, my object has not been to distract jtist now the tranquillitY
France, not to kindle again half extinct passions, kit to elthiliit 7,71-
self to my fellow citizens such as I am, ar,,k T,04; Stich Ot '.*eired has re.
tt
presented me. If some day parties sh "Sid s Mit the present Govern.
ment (ant the events of the last fifty yttot admit of the supposition)—
if, accustomed as they have been fie
the last twenty-three years to de-
spise their Governments, they si"..ould destroy all the foundatica of the
social structure—then, per
anchor of safety to at .aps, the name of Napoleon might prove ak
.'.
that is really generous and patriotic in France.
The Ron- • •
sfrom the Spanish frontier is of no moment.
On
. rue 6th, the Carlist General NI AROTO ordered a Christino
officer, his servant, and two peasants, to be shot at Estella,
and the sentence was executed without trial. On the 10th
General Van HALEN attacked the Carlists in the direction
of Estella, and killed 100 of them.
The Journal de l'Aude is at the end of all the actions brought
against it—the result of which is, that the Editor is sentenced to six
months' imprisonment, to a fine of 2,300 francs, and is prohibited
from giving any account of judicial proceedings for one year.
General Morino, Count of Carthagena, died lately at Madrid.

The Spanish Infants and their suite have returned to Toulouse. It
is believed that they will set out for Paris about the end of the month.
—Le commerce.

The Monelair of today has no official part.
The Liberal du Nord, le Feuille de Ca7nbrai, le Progres d'Arras,
la France, and Septentrismale, which ate published at Lisle, are under
prosecution, for having given an account of the secret sitting of the
Court of Peers.— Constitutiounel.

IMPERIAL P.,/SIIIAAMENT.

I' lIS DAY.

iIbUSE OF COMMONS,

”«.)'r au_Ut. Tweivd C
Lora :',ENTINCK presented a petition from the Church
sionary Society, praying that an end might be put to the sanction given
by the British Government to idolatry in India.
Mr. E BULLER presented a petition to the mw efr,2o. from Barton:
Needwood, Salop ; and
Mr. DIVETT presented a similar petition from Exeter.
Mr. E. BULLER also presented a presented a petition from Stoke.
upon-Trent, in favour of the New Poor.law.
Mr. M. PHILIPS presented a petition from the Directors of the
Manchester and Liverpool Railway Company, praying that whatever
Bill might pass for the conveyance of mails by railroads, regard might be
hed to the interests of the Railway Companies. The Hon. Member
presented similar petitions from the merchants, bankers, and others, of
Manchester; and also from the Chamber of Commerce of the same place.
On the motion of Mr. R. STEUART, the Land Tar. Redemption Bill
:vas read a third time and passed.
Mr. R. STUEART moved the second reading of the Gibraltar Light-
house Bill.
After a few words from Sir C. STYLE, who said he objected to the
princip:e of the Bill,
Mr. R. STEUART said he would postpone it until Monday.
On the motion of Mr. F. MAULE the Parliamentary Burghs (Scot.
land) Bill was reported, and some amendments were agreed to.
MAILS ON RAILWAYS BILL.

Mr. L ABOUCIIERE moved the Order of the Day for the further
consideration of the Report of the Mails on Railways Bill, and that it be
re-committed to a Committee of the whole I louse.
Mr. WALLACE said that in rising to bring the consideration of
this Bill more prominently before the House than it had hitherto been,
he should do so with as little delay as possible. It was a subject
entirely new to the House and the country, and was one of
great importance.—(Hear.) In the first place, he begged to de-
clare his unqualified approbation of Railways, and his desire to
see them increased and extended all over the covntry. In the next place
be entertained the most perfect hostility to monopolies, and he believed
that Railway Companies had now obtained monopolies which would
prove exceedingly injurious to the best interests of the country if not
timely prevented. He would now call the attention of the House to a
Bill introduced two years ago by an Hon. Member who had not now a
seat in the House, and who for some reason or other which he (Mr. W.)
could not understand, withdrew that Bill. He (Mr. W.) believed that
at the time it was withdrawn, the Hon. Member had lost that moral
courage which every man ought to possess who was prepared to bring
before the House a large measure. The Bill to which be alluded was to
provide for the periodical revision of the tolls levied on railways ; and
he begged to say to the Government and to the country, that he believed
the time had arrived when the Government ought so take into consi.
deration the propriety of introducing aßill professing the same principles.
The Bill to which he alluded was No. 395 of Session 1836, and in.
troduced to the House by Mr.. Morrison and Mr. Gisborne. The object of
the Bill was that the tolls levied on Railways should be revised perio.
dically for the purpose of seeing that no monopole existed. The effect
which Railways had produced upon travelling were by no means
foreseen by the House ; and when he (Mr. W.) said that the House
would have occasion to look at them more minutely, the Chancellor of
the Exchequer replied there would be no necessity for that, as it
would always be able to restrain them by making rates. He
was clearly of opinion that a fair remuneration should
be given and maintained for property vested in railways, but he must
maintain that those parties who became proprietors of railway stock
were not to be permitted to exercise their powers to the exclusion of all
classes in the country passing along railways. The condition on which
Companies were authorised to construct railways, was that they should
have moderate profits ; and as an addition to that he thought they
should be bound to expose their accounts once a year. He distinctly
denied the Railway Companies had received any exclusive privilege which
that House might not review and alter; they were nothing better than
those parties who had made common roads through the country. He denied
that the use of iron in the construction of their roads altered the law. In
England the people were enabled, according to the law, to travel along
the roads at the cheapest possible rate, and the same course ought to be
adopted on railways. With respect to the Bill before the House he
was much surprised and disappointed that the Government had not
thought it their duty to adhere to the resolutions which were passed by
the Committee unanimously ; the principle laid down there was that
upon rail-roads as upon common roads the mail should pass free; that
was the law in England and Ireland, and in Scotland, until the jobbing
daysof Dundas ; and the law as it related to Scotland ought to be
abrogated immediately. The mails in Scotland now passed free if
they had no passengers ; if there were passengers, then they became
liable to tolls ; another thing to be considered was the health of passen-
gers ; as at present constructed he did not think so important a subject
had been taken into consideration. The question, therefore, was not
only as to the construction of railways, but as to the health and accom-
modation of the passengers. The rules made by the principal Railroad
Companies now running, were calculated very much to restrict the tra.
veiling upon them of the poorer classes of society. Any one
with bags or portmanteaus were allowed to take them, but no
one was allowed to take with them any basket, box, or hamper;
while it was well known that these were the only things which the poor
had to pack up what things they wanted while from home. From
a return made by the Postmaster-General it appeared that the cost
of the mails by railroads was much increased. While the average
cost per mile by the common road was 2d, the cost to Liverpool
by the railway was pretty near sd. per mile.—(Hear.) If such were to
be the result of the experiment the public need send no more petitions
to that House for a reduction of the rates of postage. Much evidence
had been taken before the Committee as to the propriety of the Govern-
ment placing their own engines on the railroads, and nearly all of it was
against that plan. He, however, considered that it had been given by
persons either directly or indirectly interested against the plan. He, for
one, could not see any good reason against the plan; on the contrary,
he thought it almost necessary that they should contract for engines of
their own, and appoint experienced and disinterested persons to super.
intend them, in order to prove whether railroad carriage of the post
could not be done at a much cheaper rate than at present.
The time would come when there would be a competition with Rail-
roads, and he contended the Government ought to set the example. The
Government ought to have the power of sending artillery and other
things, that passed free of toll along the common roads, by Railways free
of expence. No Railway Company before their Bill' passed,
would have objected to such a provision, had it then bean pro-
posed by the Government; and he felt assured that a revision
of the provisions of the present Bill ought to take place.
He hoped that early next Session a general inquiry would take place
into the working of railways, and their effect upon the country. He
exceedingly regretted that Government had been induced to withdraw
from the sound principle of insisting on the mails being sent toll free.
There was undoubtedly a great many good things in this Bill, and one
good provision was that no Company should have the power of
making any bye-law that would stop for one moment the
correspondence of the country.—(Hear, hear, hear.) Re hoped
the House would take care that the roads of. iron should be as free to
the people of England, Ireland, and Scotland, on Sundays, as the com-
mon roads were. Beim; considered that it would be better that the Bill
should not pass into a law at present, but that time should be allowed
for all parties to consider the question, he should move, as an amend.
went, that the Committee be postponed to that day six menthe.
The SPEAKER having inquired if any Hon. Member seconded the
amendment, and no one having answered, the House went into Com-
mittee, Mr. BERNAL in the Chair.
On clause Ist being proposed,
Mr. LABOUCHERE could assure the Hon. Gentleman who had just
eat down, that if he did not enter into many of the statements he had
Slade, it was from no disrespect to him—still less from any ignorance of
their great importance. In many of those statements he entirely con.
curred. He agreed with the HON. Gentleman in thinking that the effect
of these railways would ere long be severely felt by the country,
and that Parliament must interfere; but on the present occasion he was
unwilling to ask the House to enter into a discussion of that kind, in-
volving so many difficult and intricate points, especially as he wished to
confine their attention to the questioa in what manner the present state
of railroads and the law relative to railroads, affected the Post-office of
this eountry,—(Hear.) That was the question which required the con.
sideratlon of Parliament. He was surprised that his Hon. Friend,
after saying that the country was at the mercy of Railway Companies,
should conclude by recommending the House not to legislate on the
subject at present, but to put off for six months any attempt
to alter the present state of things.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.")
He (Mr. Labouchere) felt no surprise, he must say, that the amendment
of his Hon. Friend had not been seconded. It appeared from a resolu.
tion of the Post-office Committee, " That Companies the proprietors of
Railways had it in their power practically to prevent the due transmis.
lion of the correspondence of the country by means of the Post-office, as
well as to impose upon the country what terms they thought fit." And
the Commissioners of Inquiry on Irish Railweys had reported " that
the powers given to the railways placed the service of the country en.
tirely at their disposal, and that there wps nothing to prevent their se-
curing upon their respective roads great part of the revenues of the
Post.oflice, for the letters must be carried by them, and they could
exact-what terms they pleased." Surely, after this testimony, it was
the duty of the House to enter upon the consideration of this
subject.—(Hear, hear.) Now with regard to the abandonment of
the Bill as originally introduced into that House, he (Mr.
Labouchere) must freely tell the House that he abandoned
it, not from any alteration of his own opinion, either as to the
justice of the provisions of that Bill, or to their necessity, but be.
cause he felt from the opposition given to the Bill, it had no chance of
passing this session. Many Hon. Gentlemen said it was an extraordinary
course of legislation, and that it was scarcely just to resort to such se.
vere measures till a fair and conciliatory proposition had been tried.
He certainly was not very sanguine as to the professions of the Directors
of the Railway Companies—he feared that, like all bodies of persons
combined for pecuniary profit, they would
.soon endeavour to obtain
every shilling they could from the correspondence of the country; but
perhaps, on the whole, it was as well to try the moderate experiment,
and leave the payments to be made for Post-office service to the Compa-
nies to be adjusted by arbitration. At the same time he believed many
Members who now advocated this experiment would be ready, if it
failed, to support the Government in more stringent measures.—(Hear,
hear.) For himself he never was ashamed to yield his opinion to that
of a majority in that House, and he thought he was doing his duty to
the public in abandoning a BEI lie had no chance of carrying, and bring-
ing forward one which he saw a probability of passing this Session.—
He might state that the opinion of the law officers of the Crown was that
the Crown had as perfect a right to run engines and carriages on railways
free of toll, if for the public service, as on common roads.
Looking to the principle of this Bill, that all payments were to be sub-
mitted to arbitration, and knowing that arbitrations always worked
against the public—(Hear)—he did not believe the service would be
performed at such a rate as Parliament and the country had a right to
expect; and if Parliament laid down as a principle that the Post-office
was not to be favoured in its negociations with Railway Companies, they
would be transferring to those Companies the greater part of the revenues
of the Post-oftice.—(Hear.) Some Gentlemen said that the Post-office
ought not to be a branch of revenue so much as of accommodation ; but no
Gentlemen except railroad proprietors would lay down the principle that
the revenue was to be taken from the Post-office, and transferred in great
part to the proprietors of Railway Companies.—(Hear, hear.) But un_
less the House took great care, there was a danger of that actually
taking place. He had no prejudice against these undrtakings, and
wished them every possible success ; but he should desert his duty if he
did not attempt to make the best bargain he could for the public.—
(Hear, hear, hear) Some gentlemen had been a good deal struck
by an assertion in a petition from the London and Birmingham
Railway Company, that the Railways were conveying the
mails at one-fourth of the previous expense.—(Hear.) Now, he held
in his hand a return from the Post-office, which proved that the Post.
office was paying to the Railway Companies rather more than four times
as much as was charged under the other system. The annual expense
on the Carlisle, Manchester, and two or three other railways under the
old system, was 1,5154; but under the contract entered into with the
Railway Companies, the annual expense was 4,968/., leaving a cliffe-
recce against the public of 3,4521.—(Hear, hear, hear.) He had also
obtained a return of the comparative expense on the Grand Junction
Railway. Mails, which were before transmitecl by coaches coat 18871.
but the same service was now performed at an annual expense of
5,8611.--(Hear, hear.) It was right that these things should be
fairly stated to the House. He hoped that both the Post-office and
the Railway Companies would be benefited by this Bill, which ought to
come into operation as soon as possible, for a great change was imme.
diately going to take place in the mode of conveying the mails. There
were now about thirty mails leaving London bycoaches, and he un-
derstood that before next winter only nine would leave
in that way.
It was therefore necessary immediately to consider what course it was
advisable to take.— (Hear.)

A letter from Rouen announces the desttuctian by Are of the fine
cotton yarn manufactory of M. Loyer, at Houlme. Nothing is left but
the bare walls ; the machinery and the goods are all consumed. Th.
damage may be estimated at 250,000 francs. Fortunately the greater
part is covered by the insurances, viz, to the amount of 140,000 francs
in the Company of " Le Soleil," and about 60,000 francs in the Com.
pany " D'Assurance Mutuellers." The fire is supposed to be the act
of an incendiary. A man was seen flying in a direction from the ma-
nufactoryat the moment when the fire broke out.—Journal des Debate.
FRENCH FUNDS.—taitia, JULY 19.
Five per Cen s.. 1 1 If. 40c. 35c. 45c.
Four and a Half ner Cents. 106 f. sLle.
Four per Cents., 10•;f. 50c.
I hrec per Cent,. 80f, 90e. 95c. 95e.
Bank Actions, 2,600 f. 9,595 f. 2,6C0f.
r. ante de Naples, 29f. 15c 10c.
Roman Five per Cents., 101%.
Spanish-Actives, 22N
Belgian Five per Cents., 104.
Belgian Three per Cents., 75f. 15c. "Cc.
ZICNANOR ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f. 45c.; money, 25f, 421,4 e.
Three months, paper, 25f. 30e.; money, f-st. •a734c.
LATEST PRICES.
Five per Cents. 111 f. 50c.
Three per Cents., $Ol. MC.
Bank Actions, 2,600 f.
Romans' 102.
Belgian Loan, 104.
Spanish Actives, 224.

Our advices from Madrid are of the 12th inst., but they
bring no news of any interest. On the 10th, Sir GRORGX
VILLIERS left the Spanish capital for London, accompanied
only by a single servant, and travelling by the Diligence.
So unostentatious a mode of travelling on the part of a
British Ambassador, during a dangerous period of civil
war, excited no trifling attention in the Court circles. A
Royal Decree authorises the War Minister to enrol in the
army all unmarried prisoners confined in Spain for offences
against the Constitutional Government. The Decree in-
cludes all who have fought in the ranks of Don CARLON
without limitation or exception.

Lord G. SOMERSET concurred in the propriety of some measure
being passed which would act as a protection to the Post.ofEce, but he

Was quite astonished at the statements which had been made
with regard to the expense of conveying mails by Railroads.
Those retires were so entirely contrary to the evidence given on the
Grand Junction Railway Company, takes before the Committee, that
until he saw all the data on which it was founded, he ei2osild hesitate to
pl,ce any confidence in them. He was astonished at the dadtrioe. the.
Right Hon. Gentleman had quoted as having been laid down by tini letw
OltiWs of the Crown, that railways were to be used by the Crown as
right and prero;.4.
sive.. He would nut set up his e
but he deusted very much whether that
pinion in opposition to
the Law Officers of the Crowil,
prerogative had ever been put so high by :mny Tory lawyer.—(A laugh.)
Ile thr,tigit it Was not fair to put out of mind tie? expense which Rail.
way Companies had ine:t4rred, or the advantage of th°lr celerity; that
was a reason why they should Oe properly remunerated, t''.lt not error.
moody paid.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL felt called liffin to say a single word
after the pointed allusion of the Noble Lord to birtl.--=(lfingliter.) He
looked with great deference to the opinion of the Noblo Lord, and could
not discuss a point of law with him, without awe, knowing as he did how
acute a Lawyer he had shewn himself at the Quarter Sessions—(Cheers)
—but when he came to the question of prerogative, always speaking
with great deference of the Noble Lord, he felt bound to look to the law
authorities on the subject; to thole who had gone before him; and with
deference to the Noble Lord, upon those authorities he must express an
opinion totally different to that stated by him. He apprehended that
Railroads were to be considered in the same light as common roads which
were composed of stones. They were to be looked upon as great highways,
and all persons had a right to travel on them according to the terms
prescribed by the Legislature. Upon contrnon highways her Majesty,
the royal family, noble dukes, baggage waggonS, and other matters, did
not pay toll, and it appeared to him that railroads *ere to be considend
exactly in the same light. There Was no doubt in his mind that If the
prerogative of the Crown was enforced, the mails, troops`, and stored
must be carried along the railway toll-free. At the same time he must
say that he did not think it fair that that preroalee should he
enforced. He thought a reasonable cornpensatien should bent:Mg to the
proprietors of railroads for the accommodaticin which the public enjetyed.
Upon that ground he thought that the Dill now proposed was a most
laudable one. He hoped that when it was passed into a law it would
show the railroad proprietors that they had been liberally dealt with,
and that if there was anything like oppression of the public on the part
of the railroad proprietors, there was a remedy through the medium of
the Legislature, and also through the prerogative of the Crown.

Sir JAMES GRAHAM had felt anxious that an harmonious settle-
ment of this question should take place, observing at the same time that
if further powers were necessary, he shou'd agree to them, but at
present he was strongly opposed to the provisions of the Bill as they at
present existed. He had heard with some regret the topics introduced
by his Right Honourable Friend, and more strongly insisted upon by the
high prerogative-lawyer of the Crown who had just sat down. He did
not feel prepared to argue the point of law with him, but still he
thought the point worthy of discussion. He could not admit the
parallel between railroads and highways, neither could he admit the
proposition of the Hon. and Learned Gentleman that there was no dif.
ference between roads made of iron and those of stone. He would ask
the Honourable and Learned Gentleman whether he saw any
distinction between a highway constructed of stone and one of water ?
He was prepared to admit that the public should be secured in the right
to use railroads—that the Postmaster-General should be the sole judge
of time and frequency of the dispatches, and that all his orders should
be carried into effect by the Companies and their servants, under heavy
penalties, but at the same time he thought the remuneration for such
use, must be ample and founded upon a broad basis. That compensa.
tion must first be the subject of arbitration, and if that failed, then it
must be settled by direct legislation.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL explained. All he meant to say was,
that wherever the public had a right to go by paying toll the Queen had
a right to go without paying toll.
Lord SANDON considered that there was a very hroad distinction
between railroads and turnpike roads. The troops, &c., passed free
upon the latter by specific legislation. There were clauses to that effect
in the Mutiny Act as well as in the Turnpike Acts, but he found no
such clauses in the Railroad Acts. He should propose that there be
added to clause 1 the following proviso, " Provided always, that nothing
in this Act contained shall extend to railways that do not carry goods or
passengers for hire."
Hr. LABOUCHERE said the principle on which the Bill proceeded
was that the whole control of the railways was left to the proprietors,
and that if the amendment were introduced it would compel the Govern.
ment to deal with third parties, which would be departing from the
principle of the Bill.
Mr. BAINES thought this claim ought to have been put forward before,
because many parties had embarked their money on the understanding
that the Crown would not insist on any such privilege. He thought
Railway Companies, in this discussion, had been rather treated as if
they were mere adventurers, intent only on the making of money, and
had produced no advantage to the public. From a calculation he had
made, he was convinced the Manchester and Liverpool Railway had
given an advantage to each of those towns of at least 400,0001. a year.
With respect to this Bill, -he thought the Government had acted very
fairly, and had endeavoured to put the matter in such a way as to do
justice to the public, and justice to the Railway Companies.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that preliminary
discussion having in point of fact been closed by the amendment of
the Noble Lord, it was of great importance they should keep to the
point. He admitted, the preliminary point having been urged, it was
quite right it should be considered by the House; but he believed there
would be no inconvenience now until they arrived at the 15th clause.
Mr. WARBURTON was against the amendment.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said if an exception
was made as to lessees it must be made in various other cases.
After a few words from Mr. M. PIioILLIPPS and Lord SANDON,
The clause was agreed to.
Clauses up to 12 were also agreed to.
Some discussion arose upon the 12th clause, imposing penalties upon
contumacious Companies.

An amendment was moved, we believe, by Mr. LABOUCHERE, to
the effect that the penalty here imposed was net to lessen the amount
of any penalty under bond.

The clause as amended was agreed to.
•
Clauses 13 and 14 were agreed to.
On clause 15 (the arbitration clause) being proposed,
Mr. WARBURTON was afraid the clause would only be an ail •
journment of the differences which now existed between the Govern-
ment and the Companies. The great matter in dispute was this,
whether the Company should receive remuneration for carrying the
mails in proportion to the original cost of the railway ? It appeared to
him that it would be better to assume an average per mile of the cost
for railways, and on that fair average cost to found a compensation to
be awarded to the Company. He objected to a Company receiv-
ing compensation in proportion to the extravagance of the plan on which
the railway might be executed.
Mr. A. YATES did not see how lie could agree to the course proposed,
because some of the railways did not cost half what the others had done.
Mr. CLAY thought they could not enter fairly into the discussion,
until the amendment of the Hon. Baronet opposite was proposed.
Sir J. GRAHAM said he had an addition to propose at the end of the
15th clause, which would bring under discussion the point raised.
The proposition which the Honourable Member had made to the House,
distinctly waived the preliminary point to which the Government were
disposed to give their opposition, viz., that the original cost of construc-
tion should be excluded from the consideration of the arbitrators. He
(Sir J. Graham) had no personal interest in the matter, but his attention
had been attracted to the importance of the subject ; and he thought the
public should have secured to them a constant, prompt, and invariable
communication wherever railroads existed. In the first place, at all

times of the day, as frequently as the Post-office required there
was to be a dispatch of letters by railroad, Those letters were
to be conveyed at the speed of the first class train passengers.
/I 0 allowance was to be made in consequence of the detention
of leaving bags along the line. It was next scoured that no
bargoin was to be binding longer than six months. Certain penalties
were inflicted which were made easily recoverable, and several other
advantages were given. Such being the case, the only question was,
how far the public ought to remunerate these Companies. He would
first look at the enormous outlay made. He believed the communication
between the metropolis and Birmingham and Liverpool had been made
at a cost to private individuals of upwards of ten millions. The railroad
between London and Birmingham itself had :cost upwards of four
millions and a half. These Companies had at various times asked
assistance from the Government, which had been denied. Now, he
thought it was impossible to over-estimate the value of these under-
takings. He held them to be the greatest benefactors to the country
They were great additions to the comfort of its inhabitants—to the
wealth of the country, and to the national power. Surely, such being
the case, they ought to be properly remunerated, and they could
not be considered as coming with a bad grace if they
did so, to ask for a favour from the Government—(Hear.)
These great inventions had got rid of all the difficulties with respect to
the Post office, which heretofore existed, because speed was now
compatible with the greatest bulk.— (Hear, hear.) The Railroad
Proprietors did not come to that House for favour, but for
justice, and he would unhesitatingly say that justice could not
be awarded to them if the expense of constructing the railroads was not
made the gronnd for compensation. So confident was he of the merits
of the case, that he should be content to leave the clause open had it
not been for particular circumstances, that had occuared.—(Cries of
" Hear, hear, hear.") Reference had been made by the Govern-
ment upon the subject of remuneration to persons who were
chosen by the Government themselves. Of those persons he could
speak only in terms of the highest respect. He meant Mr. Stevenson
and his son; but those gentlemen, in coming to their award, had deter..
mined that the original cost of the construction should not be taken
into consideration in awarding compensation.
We shall give the conclusion in our
SECOND EDITION.

LADIES RIDING SIDEWAYS.—The honour of
the introduction of riding sideways by women in this country is at-
tributable to Anne of Bohemia, consort of Richard the Second. She
it was (according to Stow) that originally showed the women of this
country how gracefully and conveniently they might ride on horseback
sideways. Another old historian enumerating the new fashions of
Richard the Second's reign, observes " Likewise Noble Ladies then
used high heads and cornets, and robes with long trains, and seats on
side saddles on their horses by the example of the respectable Queen,
Anne, daughter of the King of Bavaria, who first introduced the cus-
tom into this kingdom ; for before women of every rank rode as men
do." In his beautiful illustrative picture of Chaucer's Canterbury
Pilgrims, Stothard appears to have committed an anachronisir in
placing the most conspicuous female character of his fine composition
sideways on her steed. That the lady should have been depicted riding
in the male fashion might, it strikes us, have been inferred without any
historical research on the subject, front the poet's describing her as
having on her feet " a paire of spurres Sharpe."—The Young Ladies'
Equestrian Manual.

THE NEW HOUSES OF PARLIANIENT.—The
preparatory works are on a scale commensurate with the grandeur of the
design. The coffer-dam, when finished, will be the largest and most
complete ever formed in England. It is more than 1,200 feet in length,
extending from Pope's Wharf to the stairs at the foot of Westminster
Bridge. This dam is formed by two rows of huge piles, driven into the
bed of the river about two yards apart. Each row is formed by closely_
wedged piles, arid, although perfect as a barrier in itself, is connected
with the other by strong iron bolts. The intervening space is filled up
with clay, strongly compressed, the whole being yet further strength-
ened and supported by an inner row of still larger piles, to which the
dam is tied or traced. About 300 workmen are constantly employed,
many of whom aro at work during the night, when the tide renders this
practicable.

An accident of a serious nature has occurred to
Mr. Jackson, the brother of Dr. Jackson, of this city. On Thursday
night, a little after ten o'clock, Mr. Jackson, accompanied by a gen-
tleman and two ladies, left the Bush Inn, in a post chaise, to proceed to
Wetherell. At the toll-bar on the Warwick-road, one of the horses
became restive, and the boy who was driving got down with the inter,
tion of leading it a few yards. At this moment the horses started off at
full gallop, and the boy, after holding the reins and running as far as
Botchcrby-bridge, was obliged to quit his hold, and the animals were
left to pursue their uncontrolled course. Whilst the chaise was being
wheeled along with frightful rapidity Mr. Jackson rashly jumped out
near Botcherby-lane, and unfortunately pitched upon his head. When
intchigence of the disaster was brought to tlse Bush, Mr. Jackson, the
landlord, mounted his horse and gallopped after the chaise, directing
another post-chaise to be. despatched to bring the injured gentleman to
Car:isle ; but, in the mean time, he had been placed in a cast, which
met the chaise just as it was leaving the city. Mr. Jackson was then
taken to the Lion and Lamb Inn, and attended by Dr. Elliott. He has
sustained a slight fracture of she skull, but we are happy to say the
wound is not considered dangerous. The chaise was stopped on going
up the bill nearly Aglionby, and the other persons having kzpt their
seats, escaped without injury.--•Carlisle Patriot.

I am, Sir, yours truly obliged,

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN,

Sia,—Perhaps a more correct portrait of the parsonic caste of I*alY
dun, in point of fact, cannot he drawn, than was presented in the 11°'
of Lords on Monday evening by the Archbishop of Canterbury, in "11
port of the iniquitous PAirality Bill.
His Gra,,i deemed Cie perpetuity of a plurality of benefices indiFfie'v
saNe for the well-being of the Church, more especially so lest theca
prti‘its, curate shotl4l lose his profitli.ss labours by the destructive toes
,lice of the oinecure plurOlist— that the two extremes of the Dives a',
Lazarus clergy were essential); requisite to secure the present condi;
Eon of each. Is It not passing s."ange, Sir, that no Noble Lay I,r
(for the proposition can never be sup,,osed to emanate from the 06.
arciiy), should not have risen in his pOce, to expose this most iMPiI
source of all political monopolies, and hu ve shown the expediency 4
aholishing pluralities, in virtue of a boundim (duty to ameliorate 3'
brighten the future prospects of badged curates, whose fate, in the 0;
seuce of any political influence, may be fairly' said to be scraper eadeo
His Grace of Canterbury, however, profes WS to be actuated with $
desire to adopt the tnedio tutissinius course, in , shich he might have re'
veale.l a disposition indicative of some to:filing 2•cform, had his Gra':
only have diminished the very reverend escutcheti n of pluralities to th.
dual nufeer.

J. A. S.

-..----
CAMBRIDGE, JULY 21.—0 n the 14th inst. the Rev. Flcrence
Wethcred, M.A., Fellow of King's College, was instituted to the vicarW
of Hurley, Berks, vacant by the death of the Rev. Wm. Mayor, D.C.L'
patron, the Hon. Henry Walker.
The Rev. Henry John Cooper, M.A., of St. John's College, in Oil.
University, has been presented by the Lcrd Chancellor to the vicarage u'
Old Windsor, Berko, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. H. Gossett.
The 11';?r, Robert Meek, late rector of Brixton Devere.ll, Wilts,
been presented to the rectory of Richmond, Yorkshire; patron, the LO%
Lord Chancellor.
The Rev. W. Barnes, late rector of Richmond, Yorkshire, has been
presented to the rectory of Brixton Deverell, Wilts; patron, the 800
of Salisbury.
The Rev. W. Flower, jun., M. A., of Trinity College in this Universlif,
has been presented to the rectory of South Hykeham, Lincolnshire.
cant by the death of the Rev. W. A. Armstrong; pat.-on, the .11't
Chancellor.
The Rev. IL Ayling, M.A., formerly Head Master of the Rol
Grammar School, Guildford, has been presented to the rectory of th',
united parishes of Holy Trinity. and St. Mary, Guildford, vacant by the
death of the Rev. H. P. Beloe ; patron, the Lord Chancellor.
The Rev. Charles Kent, 8.C.L., of Queens' College, in this Lroj'eri
witty, has been presented to the vicarage of Ludford, Herefordshire, V°
by the death of the Rev. John Hinde; patron, E. L. Charlton, Esq.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY•)

DEAL, JULY 20.—Wind, N. W., fine.—Arrived and proceeded for the
River, the Arixa, Ager, from China; Princess Augusta, Fenwick,
Barbadoes ; William Burton, Paton, from Jamaica; Grant, Sayers, (row
Batbadoes ; Glapl:yra, Morton, from Antigua, with loss of maintoprollet:
anchors, &c., towed by a steamer. Came down from the River le‘"
night and to-day, and sailed, the Ann, M`Alpine, for the Cape of Go'
Hope ; Joseph Henderson, Thompson, for Miramichi ; Edward Barrett,
Stewart, for Gibraltar; Children, Brown, for Launceston; Bache
er'
Murray, for Quebec; Eliza, Baggesin, for the Brazils.
Porremourit, JULY 20.—Wind, N.W. to N.N.W., fine.—Arrive6,
Her Majesty's brig the Waterwitch, from Ascension : sailed, 11th tilt(
A Brig has arrived this morning in the quarantine ground, with loss "'
the head of her mainmast, topmast, &c., she is reported to be from, the
Mediterranean loaded with inlphur, bound to Newcastle. Our vet!:
has gone to her, but we fear sile will not return in time for post, Wl'
particulars.
PLYMOUTH, JULY 18.—Wind, W.—Sailed, the Emma, Spicer, 44
Miramichi.
FALMOUTH, JULY IC—Wind variable, light breezes, and fine!
Sailed, the Cordelia, Pascoe, for Rouen.
LIVERPOOL, JULY 20.—Wind, N.W. Fresh.—Arrived, the Lotiir,
Cay, Thatcher, from Mobile; Mary Ann, Peters, from ditto ; St. IVlsr7
from Charleston ; Tennessee, Mattison, from Savannah ; Sarah aid
Arsilia, Gardner, from New York ; Adelaide, Granby, from oporte'
Arrived off; the John and Robert, from New Orleans; Garrick, fro
New York; and the Indian.
CREEK, JULY 20.—Arrived, the Pilot, Davies, from Constantinople'
MARGATE, JULY 20.—Arrived off, the Oscar, Barrett, from Bien'
Ayres; Cobourg, from Jamaica.
COWES, JULY 20.—Arrived, the Eliza and Susan, Webber, fee:
Batavia ; Rhine, M`Kown, from Havannah ; itletamora, Lowe, ff..
New Orleans. The Mary Hudson, Johnson, frore.l Sicily, put in
with loss of mainmast, bulwarks, &c., bound to Newcastle.
IN THE CHANNEL, JULY 20.—Arrived, the Marim from
, na, Voigt,,
Bahia ; Solo, Kast, from La Guayra ; Victoria, Crilley, h horn Barbadoe"
Don, Morton, from Quebec.
BaiwroL, JULY 20.—Arrived, the Feronia, Dunn, from Nevis.
GLOSTER, JULY 20.—Arrived the Ward, Crossman, from Quebec'
LANCASTER, JULY 29.—Arrived the Hercples, Morday, from QuelfeC'
Shannon, Turner, from Bathurst ; Dykes, Sharp, from Restigin lc"'
DUBLIN, JULY 19.—Arrived the Britannia (steamer), from London.
WATERFORD, JULY 18.—Arrived the Margaret, Pue, from QUebeC.o
CORK, JULY 18.—Arrived the dud: al and Esther, Seymour, fr°
Jamaica. The George Washington, Ccn,lan, arrived here from potter.
dam, leaky, sails split, &c., bound to Nein, York.
_ .

BELFAST, JULY 18.—Arrived the Spey, Duncan, from Antigua.
PETE AHEAD, JULY 18.—Arrived off, the Eclipse, Gray, from Gres
land, 22 fish, 6,000 seals, left the Ist inst., and reports the fisbin
upon the whole excellent.
LERWICK, JULY 18.—Arrived off, the Befona, Chacilla, Santander.
SHIELDS, JULY 19.—Arrived the Carron, Elliot, from Miramichii
William, Muers, from Quebec ; the Rosella, Reed, from St. Petersburgii