The Sun.
London, England, 1838-08-24 00:00:00

SPECIMENS OF DEFERRED ANNUITIES.

1 PREMIUMS.
BENEFITS.
To secure, on at- Annuity.Blo 0 0
Options secured, on attaining the taining the age Cash ..... 82 10 0
age of Sixty-five, by an Annual', of Sixty-five,the Policy .....W 8 6
Premium of 21. 12s. , option of

This day was published, price Half-a-Crown.
PLAIN DIRECTIONS for proceeding under
the ACT for the ABOLITION of IMPRISONMENT
for DEBT.

By THOMAS EDLYNE TOMLINS, Esq.,
Author of the Popular Law Dictionary.
London : Shaw and Sons, Fetter-lane.

Age il—Age 1 Payable Payable , MR. URQUHART'S NEW WORK.
ne).t " next Payable inl for
Birth_ Annuity. Cash, Policy.
"Birth-annually. 'One Dis.. This day was published, in 2 vols. Sco.
Day.
£. s. d. £. s. d. .t. s. d.!I Lt. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d.
20 47 10 6 294 11 01466 0 o'l 20 010 11 10 010 0 0 0 THROUGH ROUMELI during an eventful period.
30 26 15 10 221 0 0261 0 0, 30 019 6 16 7 1 7 311
40 13 19 9 115 S 01136 6 o'' 40 117 327 311 19 410 By D. URQUHART, Esq.
Author of " Turkey and its Resources," &c.
Also Annuities commencing at any other Age. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.
Prospectuses, detailing the objects of the Society at length, with To be had of all Booksellers.

Also Annuities eommencing at any other Age.
Prospectuses, detailing the objects of the Society at length, with
every variety of Tables, may be had by application at the Office,
and any of the Branches, which are established in most of the
principal Towns.

F. FERGUSON CA MROUX, Secretary.

ATLAS ASSURANCE COMPANY.
Established 1805,

DIRECTORS.
Sir THOMAS TURTON, Bart., Chairman.
J. D. HUME, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
The Hon. Sir Courtenay Boyle Emanuel Pacifico, M.D.
John Oliver Hanson, Esq. W. G. Prescott, Esq.
William Laforest, Esq. Joseph Pulley, Esq.
Moses Mocatta, Esq. John Peter Rasch, Esq.
James William Ogle, Esq. John Woolley, Esq.
CHARLES ANSELL, Esq., Actuary.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.

Persons as ured for the whole Term of Life in Great Britain or
Ireland respectively, will have an addition made to their Policies
every seventh year, or an equivalent reduction will be made in
the futrse payments of Premium, at the option of the Assured.
The Third Septennial Valuation up to Christmas 1837, is now
completed, and the Directors have great satisfaction in stating its
result.

The following Table shows the total Additions made to Po-
licies for £l,OOO effected in Loudon or through an Agent in
Great Britain, which had been in force for the Twfanty-one Years
ending 1837 :

BONUS.
Age at Annual Gross Additions Equivalent to the following
Commence-
ment. Premium. to the Sum Per Centage on Premiums
Assured. paid the Company.
------- ---------
30 £2.6 l 4 2 £354 £63 2 3
40 :311 2 410 58 6 8
50 45 6 8 s'[i
I 55 5 0
CO 63 13 4 789 59 0 3
---

Assurances for short periods may now be effected in this Office
at considerably reduced rates of premium.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
In addition to the benefit of the late Reduction in the Rates of
Premiums, this Company offers to Assurers the advantage of an
allowance for the loss of Rent of Buildings rendered untenantable
by Fire.
The Company's Rates and Proposals may be had at the Office in
London, or of any of the Agents in the Country, who are authorised
to report on the appearance of Lives proposed for Assurance.
HENRY DESBOROUGII, Secretary.
92, Cheapside, August 20, 1833.

STEAM between BRISTOL and NEW YORK.
THE GREAT WESTERN,
Of 450 Horse Power.
Lieutenant JAMES HOSKEN, R.N., Commanlier,
Is appointed to start as follows :
FROM BRISTOL. FROM NEW YORK.
Bth September. 4th October.
27th October. 1 22d November.
Fares to New York, with Saloon, Cuddy, and New Deck Berths,
40 Guineas. Fore Saloon and Lower State. Room Berths, 35
Guineas. Children, under thirteen years of age, and Servants,
Half Price.
A small quantity of light goods can be taken at 31. per ton mea-
surement, but early application will be necessary, as a large part of
her cargo is already engaged, and all goods must be, on or before
the sth of September, at noon, at the Company's Warehouse, 34,
Prince's-street, All bills of lading not previously given will be
signed at the Office, 19, Trinity-street, on the 7th .of September,
between the hours of twelve and two. Specie, if in quantities
above Twenty Thousand Pounds, at per Cent., if under that
amount % per Cent.
The packets conveying Passengers to the Great Western, on
the Bth of September, will leave Cumberland Basin at nine and
eleven, A.M.
For information, and to secure State Rooms, apply to Mr.
T. M. Ward, Great Western Railway Office, London ; Messrs.
Gibbs, Bright, and Co., Liverpool ; Messrs. Hamilton, Brother,
and Co., Glasgow ; Messrs. W. S. Hamilton and Co., Dublin ;
Mr. R. Hall, Cork ; Messrs. G. C. and R. W. Fox and Co.
Fal-
mouth; Mr. Samuel Harris, Guernsey ; Mr. W. Davidson, Havre ;
'
Mr. A. Andelle, Paris • Mr. C. E. Delaval, Hamburg ; or at the
Company's Office, 19, Trinity-street, Bristol.
N.B.—Passengers are particularly requested to have the word
" Below," in large letters, .written on such portions of their lug-
gage as are not required in their berths.
No Second Class or Steerage Passengers taken.

OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, AUGUST 13, 1838.
THE PRINCIPAL OFFICERS of her
Majesty's ORDNANCE do hereby give notice that they
will be ready to receive Sealed Tenders from such Persons as may
be willing to PURCHASE about 370 Tons of OLD IRON ORD-
NANCE, Shot, Shells, &c. ; as also about 40 Tons of Old Wrought
Iron, and about 7 Tons of Pig Lead; together with some Bread
Waggons with Covers, Spare Wheels and Carts, Wood Cartridge
Boxes, and French Water Buckets, in various ots ; the whole of
which are now lying on the Gun Wharf, Portsmouth, and may be
viewed on application to the Civil Officers there, between the hours
of Ten in the morning and Three in the afternoon (Sundays ex-
cepted) to the last day named for the receipt of the Tenders ; Ca-
talogues of the same, with conditions of the sale, may be obtained
at the Ordnance Office, Pall Mall, London, or Gun Wharf,
Portsmouth.
Tenders for the purchase of the same to be addressed to " the
Secretary to the Board of Ordnance, Pall Mall, London," on or be-
fore Saturday, Ist September next.
The Price offered per Ton must be inserted in the Tenders in
words at length.
One of the Trunnions will be knocked off from the Iron Guns
previous to delivery to the Purchaser.
The Carronades will be delivered in their present state.
By order of the Board,
R. BYH AM, Secretary.

LAND and SALMON FISHINGS at FORT GEORGE,
FOR SALE by PRIVATE BARGAIN.
ALL and WHOLE, that PORTION of the
GOVERNMENT LAND attached to FORT GEORGE,
beyond the boundary line at the distance of 1,000 yards from the
salient angle of the Fort, extending to 5.0 Acres, or thereby, of
which 166 Acres are arable, and 383 Acres pasture, gravel, and
sand, with the Salmon Fishing along the Coast of said Lands. The
greater part of the arable land consists of a soil of fine vegetable
mould of considerable depth, and is capable of growing grain crops
of the finest quality, besides being well adapted for the turnip hus-
bandry.
The situation of this property is equally convenient and desir-
able. It possesses about one mile and three quarters of a mile of
sea coast, with the right of erecting salmon stake nets thereon, the
shipping beach of Campbelton being a part of the same, and its
western boundary (separating it fro the Garrison ground) is
within a very short distance of the Fort, where a ready market can
always be had for every kind of farm produce. The land and sal-
mon fishing are at present out of lease. Part of the land adjoining
the village of Campbelton is well adapting for feuing, and may
ial
disposed of to great advantage. There are no public or paroch be
burdens affecting the lands.
Sealed tenders will be received, till the 15th day of September
next, by the Secretary to the Board of Ordnance, Pall-mall, Lon-
don ;by Lieutenant-Colonel Blanchard, commanding Royal En-
gineers, North Britain ; or by William Waddell, W.S., Edin-
burgh, Solicitor to the Board of Ordnance, who is in possession of
the title-deeds and conditions of sale upon which tenders require
to be made. The conditions of sale may also be seen on applica •
t on as above.
By Order of the Board of Ordnance,
Office of Ordnance, 20th August, 183R.8.BYH'AM' Secretary.

MRS. TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL.

-•— ---
In 3 vols. post Bvo.,
•
A ROMANCE of VIENNA.
By Mrs. TROLLOPE.
Author of " Vicar of Wrexhill,"" Vienna and the Austrians," &c.

IS NOW READY.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

THE NEW VOLUME OF " THE STANDARD NOVELS."
" MY LIFE,"
By the celebrated Author of " Stories of Waterloo."
On September 1, with the Magazines, complete in One Volume,
embellished with Engravings,
MR. MAXWELL'S " CAPTAIN BLAKE ;
Or, MY LIFE," for SIX SHILLINGS !
The following Popular Works, by Captain Marrvatt, Mr. James,
&c., have lately been included in
MR. BENTLEY'S " STANDARD NOVELS and RO-

MANCES :"
RATTLIN THE REEFER PETER SIMPLE
DARNLEY HENRY MASTERTON
MR. MIDSHIPMAN EASY NEWTON_FORSTER
PACHA OF MANY TALES TREVELYAN
DE L'ORAIE JAPHET IN SEARCH OF
JACOB FAITHFUL A FATHER.
THE KING'S OWN
Uniformly bound and embellished,
price only Si
Richard Bentley, Ne
"`„* Orders receiveo

, each work complete in one volume,
;ix Shillings !
aw Burlington-street.
!cl lay all Booksellers.

This day was published, price 9s. in cloth,
THE PRACTICE OF 1-IOMCEOPATHY,
By P. F. CURIE, 111. D.,
Physician to the London Homceopathic Dispensary.
And, by the same Author,
PRINCIPLES of HOMZEOPATHY, 1 vol. Bvo., 7s. cloth.
London : Thomas Hurst, 5, St. Paul's Churchyard ; and J. B.
Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. Paris : Chez J. B. Bailliere, 13,
Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine.

r"""'This day was published, in demy 12mo, price 2s. 6d.
THE ACT for ABOLISHING IMPRISON-
MENT for DEBT, passed 16th August, 1838. With an
explanatory Dissertation and Introduction, Marginal References,
Notes by the Editor, and a very Copious Index : adapted for the
use of Merchants, Traders, and the Public in general.
By S. WELLS, Esq., of Gray's Inn, Barrister at Law.
This Edition clearly explains the important changes in the Law,
and their effects on the Debtor ; and is intended as a Guide to all
who are practically interested in the operation of the Act.
London : Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., and all Booksellers.

THE PROTESTANT HUMBUG of " The BIBLE and the

- -
BIBLE ONLY.
CHRISTIE'S DISCOURSES on the DI-
VINE UNITY. Fourth Edition, 3s.
I never read or hear the word Trinity that I do not pity from
the heart the poor blunderer Inspiration, and exclaim, " 'Would
that the language at least of Christianity had been confided to
better Judges than the Lord Jesus Christ and his Apostles!"—
(Musings of a Church of England Man.)
G. Fawdon, May's-buildings, St. Martin's-lane.

Just published, price 3s.
CAN STRICTURES of the URETHRA,
however protracted, be SPEEDILY and PERMA-
NENTLY CURED? Answered in a PRACTICAL TREA-
TISE on that Disease, wherein is recommended an improved
method of treatment, its efficacy being illustrated by numerous
highly interesting and important cases, so some of which Strictures
of from thirty to forty years' duration have been totally removed in
a few week,, and its superiority thereby fully established over every
other mode of treatment hitherto adopted.
By C. B. COURTENAY, M.D.,
42, Great Marlborough-street.
Sold by J. Hill, Medical Bookseller, 55, Great Windmill-street,
Havmarket ; Simpkin and Marshall, Stationers-court ; Onwhyn,
Catherine-street, Strand ; Templeman, Regent-street ; Cappell,
Cornhill and all Booksellers in Town ov Country.

griABINET UPHOLSTERY, and BEDDING,
k_.) at the CABINET-MAKERS' SOCIETY, 71, LEADEN-
HALL-STREET, Enrolled agreeably to Act of Parliament ;
being real manufacturers in all its branches. The system upon
which this is conducted precludes the possibility of competition for
cheapness, quality, and durability, as not any house in London can
manufacture at these prices. The Society wishes it to be thorougly
understood, that they do not receive hawked or other goods for sale,
like the bazaars and, haberdashers ; but they make every article
themselves, which enable them confidently to warrant their goods
of the very best materials. If any fault appear it will be made
good, free of all charge for twelve months. A trial is earnestly
solicited of those abiut to furnish, as the only criterion by which
the merits and decided advantages of purchasing at this establish-
ment can be fairly estimated. This Society being founded for the
support of industrious mechanics, the funds of which provide for
its members in old age and burial, they therefore sincerely hope that
their humble endeavours will meet with public patronage.
For ready money only and no abatement.
71, Leadenhall-street, London.

------
NT
IMPORTA NOTICE.—IQ, LUDGATE-HILL.
LOSS OF
TEETH SUPPLIED, WITHOUP SPRINGS, CLASPS, or
WIRES.

LOOSE TEETH FASTENED,
AND FILLING DECAYED TEETH WITH
MINERAL SUCCEDANEUM.

MONS. JAMES M. MA LLAN, Surgeon
Dentist, No. 10, Ludgate-hill, opposite the Belle Sauva e,
continues to RESTORE DECAYED TEETH with his celebrated MI
NERAL SUCCEDANEUM, applied without PAIN, HEAT, or PRES-
SURE, which it) a few seconds H A RDENaSnianytoinEgNinA.l‘nleEL,
minutePi PREVENT_
E theN EmN must
ING and CURING the TOOTH ,CHE,
excrita'ating PAIN, and rendering the OPERATION of EXTR AC
nor, ITRINECESSA RY. He also FASTENS LOOSE TEETH,
arisinghe-
they
irawD/BLE ARV FICIAL
forromNOANIIJERtAo La TEETH,
ETofE SAT,
PASSING BEAUTY, FIXED,
WITHOUT EXTRACTING the ROOTS, or GIVING any PA IN the
WIRES, or any other' Li_
INCUMBRANCE of SPRINGS. CLASPS,
ATURE, at the following PARIS CHARGES;_
RGES
A Single Artificial Tooth
ASet.. . .................................
A Set of' Natural Teeth, on fine gold plate l5 0 0
A Set of aloft Mallan'slncoirodible Mineral Teeth, highly
finished in the first style, with fine gold sockets
Arranged on the most improved and scientific principles, and in every
ca, restoring perfect ARTICULATION and MASTIC ATION.—Arti.
ficial Teeth cut of repair remodelled to fit the mouth, and restored equal
in beauty and durability to their original state.
At home from Ten till Six.—N.B. No. 10. Ludgate hill.

THE MARKETS.

COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING THE WEEK

Wheat. Barley. I Oats. I beans.

Pease,

Per Quarter.
Blandford
Cambridge
Chard
Huntingdon
L an
Sutton.,,,,,.,Louth

to s. s. s. s. to s.
T i 80 27 35 23 24
t'4 78 24 18 22 28
75 34 25
52 84 28 32 20 22
f 5 80 34 38 24 29
58 79 16 20
67 73 2! 23 18
65 76 22 31 16 90
7.i 85 24 31 19 28
64 79 28 31 19 28
59 72 35 42 22 29
70 59 30 34 20 23
'7; 43 27
75 SO 36 38 22 28
63 74 24 30 18 26
61 72 .. 201
LEEDS CORN M ARKET.— Aui
Wheat, Norfolk and Suffolk, 601 b.
York. and Lincoln. 601 b.
Harley, Norfolk and Suilidk
---- Yorkshire and Lincolnshire

S. to S
38 44
34 44

S. Gls.

30 32

40 44
38 42
30 34
30 37
30 32
31 43
35 42
39 43

M. 40

----
yrm.~..,.................
Newark

3:2 34
32

gottingham
Peterborough
Plymouth
Pontefract—..;
leaforct

43
41 43
32 44
30 32 --
;. 21.55 i. to 794.1
tills. to 754. cp:
to 335.
iC
295. to :13s.
265. to 27., 5

Uoptngham
Whibech

• LOSS OF TEETH SUPPLIED,
WITHOUT SPRINGS, CLASPS, OR WIRES,
LOOSE TEETH FASTENED,
And Filling Decayed Teeth
WITH MINERAL MARMORATUM.
MONSIEUR LE DRAY and Co., SUR-
GEON-DENTISTS, No. 60, NEWMAN-STREE.T‘'.
OXFORD-STREET, continue to RESTORE DECAYED TEETH 0,'It„;:
;heir celebrated MINERAL MAR MO RATU M, applied without
HEAT, or PRESSURE, which in a few seconds ti A RDENS 1'
ENAMEL, PREVENTING and CURING the TOOTHACHE, aIV
ing in one minute the most excruciating PAIN, and rendering the
OPERATION of EXTRACTION UNNECESSARY. They a
FASTEN LOOSE TEETH, whether arising from neglect, the use of
Calomel, or Disease of the Gums INCORRODIBLE ARTIFICIAL
or NATURAL TEETH of SURPASSING BEAUTY, FIXED, from
ONE to a COMPLETE NET, without EXTR ACTING the ROOTS,
or GIVING any PAIN, the ENCUMBRANCE of SPRINGS, CLASPS,
WIRES, or any other LIGATURE, at the following PARIS
CHARGES :
A Single Artificial T00th....
A Complete Set 5 5 0
A Complete Set of Natural Teeth, on fine gold
plate
An entire Set of Natural or Terro DI tallic
Teeth, nigkly finished, in the first styia, with
fine gold sockets, usually charged 4,, guineas 2f) 0 0
Arranged on the most improved and scientific principles, and in every
case restoring perfect ARTICULATION and MASTICATION. Arti.
tidal repair, Teeth out of remodelled to fit themouth, and restored
beauty and durability to their original state. rd
At home from Ten till Four.—N. B. No. 6S, Newman-street, Oxfo
strcets equal in

--- Grinding —
Beans
toe
g
Oats, Potatoe 28s. to 3,J.) :'
J----Nlea:ln Fur Ild tolly4d .... Eng. 121. to Id. pet stone.
nelling ............. .. * .................... 31>. to 32,. per load.
llapested, Ei,gii,h. 4.7 . iT,:i4;
........... . „, I,,reign. 27. to 28!. per last.
***'*
tiZIM." DEVIZES CORN MA RKET.—Aug. 23
SecondV
Per sacit. s tl. s. d. Per Quarter. s. d. s. d.
heat........ 39 0 to 41 0 Barley 29 0 to 31 0
.. 22 0 30 0
Third ............. 38 0 38 9 Oats...
*:6 6 37 0 Beat's (per sack) 2O 0 25 0
434 Sacks of What soldl ,„ A Flour (per 1y...g) — 0 60 0
at the average of S ' Bread (per ga11.)... 1. 7 0
BIRMINGII A M CORN MARKET, Aug.
Wheat, (2 lb.
7s. 61 to 93 Si.
Barley,
imperial quarter
Do* Grinding 4...) lb.
Oats, 39 lb e'
Old Beans, 601, lb
New ditto * 4
•• .... —l4 0 14 6
New -White livily 1' sa,e, '1 im My t• ' l5 I) I"
Ditto Grey dittol '. ' .

15 0 0

MUNICIPAL ELECLIONS.--It is important for
the burgesses to know that unless all borough rates are paid
obret or before the Ilst-ortTolireserit-monthi no burgess will
qualified to vote at the ensuing. municipal
elections
in
November,

In the last number of the Monthly Chronicle we find some
statements drawn from astronomical observations, which must
be quite new to those who have hitherto supposed this planet
to be inhabited by animal beings. The most powerful teles-
copes yet constructed do not enable us to see distinctly an
object whose visual magnitude is so small as one second, cor-
responding to a mile on the surface of the moon. It, thero-
fore, follows that an object, say a town, on the moon, measur-
ing a mile across in each direction, would be too small to I)
discerned by any aid which telescopes have yet supplied. "If
the moon be examined," says the writer, " for any length of
time with the aid of the most ordinary telescopes, the observer
cannot fail to be struck with the unalterable character of the
outlines of light and shade upon ber surface. These are so
distinct and well defined, that they may be delineated with
great exactness; and a map exhibiting their appearance at any
one time will continue at all times to exhibit that appearance
with the same fidelity and precision."
The first inference which he draws from this circumstance
is, that the same side of the moon is always turned towards us,
and as she turns round on her own axis, in about twenty-seven
days and eight hours, the Selenites, or inhabitants of the moon,
so denominated from the Greek word " moon," must have
328 hours' day light, followed by 328 hours night. The next
is that there are no clouds suspended around her; and a third
reference, drawn from other data, is, that there are no indi-
cations whatever of seas or water in the moon ; and if there is
any atmosphere at all, it must be a thousand times less dense
than that of the earth. It would require a perfect air pump
to produce such a degree of rarefaction under a receiver, and
such an atmosphere would, as far as regards all the pheno-
mena of animal and vegetable life, be a vacuum. The follow-
ing description gives a frightful picture of this " silvery orb
of night" :
" The character of the entire surface of the moon, so far
as telescopic power has made it known to us, is just what
might have been expected in a world deprived of air and water,
and of the tribe of beings to whose life these are necessary.
This most inhospitable planet exhibits a wide waste of surface,
diversified by nothing but its lofty mountains and cavernous
valleys. Chains of mountains and insulated hills are spread
over every part of the surface, and lift their menacing and
precipitous sides frequently to the height of five perpendicular
miles. In many places huge masses of earth spring directly
from the plain and carry their peaked summits to the altitude
of twenty thousand feet. Nor is the extent of the bases of
these stupendous eminences less astounding than their
heights. The diameters of the bases of several detached hills
of this kind, which measure five miles in height, vary from
twenty-four to forty-six miles.
" But the circumstance which deprives the moon's surface
of every trace of analogy with that of the earth, is the enor-
mous circular cavities which are found in almost every part of
it. Some of these caverns are four miles in depth and forty
nines in diameter. Their edge is generally defended by a high
natural wall. Frequently a conical mountain rises to a consi-
derable height from the bottom of this dark circular hole.
The top of this cone is rendered visible when the rays of the
sun fall directly into the cavern. This internal conical moun-
tain has sometimes a circular cavity in its apex, like the crater
of a volcano.
" The provision which gives to the several planets the grate-
ful returns of the seasons is denied to the moon, and accord-
ingly not a trace can be discovered on her surface of the
slightest variation which can be ascribed to change of season.
" It, then, the moon be the habitation of living things, they
must be constituted with functions very different from all those
which characterise the animal and vegetable kingdoms of the
earth. In the absence of an atmosphere, the Selenites cannot
of course be respiratory animals. Sound, which depends on
air for its production and conveyance, there can be none.
Speech and hearing would therefore be useless faculties.
" No azure firmament offers its mild tint to the eye of the Se-
lenite. The blue of our sky is the proper colour of our at-
mosphere. In the absence of an atmosphere, the firmament of
the moon is one eternal and unvaried black, throug'n which the
glowing orb of the sun holds its solitary way, vainly endea-
vouring to diffuse brightness beyond the edge of his own disc.
On the arid and ungrateful waste beneath, his genial rays fall
in vain,—no atmosphere is present to collect, retain, and dif-
fuse their warmth; and if they fail to sustain animal and ve-
getable life on the summits of our Alps and Andes, merely
because of the rarefied state of the atmosphere at those
heights, how much more ineffectual must they be in the ab-
sence of any atmosphere whatever ?
" Seeing, then, that while we find on all the planets the same
provisions to fit them for the dwelling-places of creatures like
ourselves, and these provisions supplied in the same manner,
and to the same extent ; and, on the contrary, finding all of
those arrangements, without one exception, denied to the
moon,—we must, in the absence of any direct evidence on this
question, come to the conclusion that our satellite is a barren
uninhabited waste, playing doubtless some necessary part in
the creation, but not the higher one assigned to the earth and
planets; that it is, in fine, a desert rock, rearing its naked
head in the wide ocean of space, unappropriated to and un-
fitted for the resting-place of any living thing."

BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, AUG. 22.—1 n consequence of a
very great increase of members yesterday, the majority of the
rooms were most inconveniently crowded. The remaining
sections, with the exception of that of medical science, were
also thrown open to ladies. The other objects of attraction in
the town were also equally well attended, and particularly the
bazaar at the Music Hall, at which the Duchess of Northum-
berland and most of the other leading ladies in the town were
present. The list of nability who are members, and are
now in town, are the Marquis of Northampton, Bishop of
Durham, Lords Prudhoe, Ravensworth, Cole, M. P., Dun-
gannon, M.P., Earl of Carlisle, Hon. H. T. Liddell, &c.
Amongst other distinguished members also are, Sir Charles
Lemon, M. P, Sir John Rennie, Captain Sir George Back,
General Sir Thomas Bradford, Sir John Herschel, Sir W.
Don, Sir P. G. Egerton, M. P., Sir W. Jardine, Sir H. D.
Ross, Sir John Robinson, Sir John Trevelvan, Sir Maxwell
Wallace, Admiral Sir C. Ogle, Sir David Brewster, Richa,d
Hodgson, Esq., M.P., William Ord, NI. P., Joseph Pease,
M. P.; G. W. Wood, M.P., H. G. Knight, M. P.,' Dr.
Bowring, Alderman White, &c.
Section A. Mathematics and Physics.—Sir JOHN Huts-
cum, in the chair. Professor Whewell detailed the experi-
ments of Mr. Blunt under his superintendence, relative to
finding the mean level of the tides in the Bristol and English
Channels. He contended that it was not proper to take the
level from low water at spring tides, as has generally been
done, or from any other stated period of the tides but from
the mean of a great many observations. This proposi-
tion excited some considerable discussion, which was purely of
a technical character. Professor Bache of Philadelphia read
a paper on the effect of deflected currents of air on the quan-
tity of rain collected in a rain guage, and which caused so
much variation and uncertainty that no reliance could be
placed upon the instrument as at present constructed. Pro-
fessor Steveley read a paper from Professor Powell on the
deflected rays of light through different media. Mr. Dent
also gave a description of a new and very accurate compen-
sating pendulum.

Se-cdon B. Chemistry and Mineralogy.—Professor WIIE-
WELL in the chair. The following papers were read :—Mr.
West on some new salts of mercury. Professor Thompson on
diabetic sugar; Mr. Robert Mallett on a new case of the
chemical action of light ; Mr. H. L. Pattinson on a new pro-
cess for the extraction of silver from lead; Dr. Golding Bird
on some of the products obtained by the action of nitric acid
upon alcohol, and on sulphate of lime, not in connection with
a metallic electiide ; Professor Johnson on a new compound
0' sulphate of lime and water; and Professor Phillips on a
new blue pigment.
Section D. Zoology and Botany.—Sir Wm. JARDINE, Bart ,
n the chair. _ _

Ar.IINDNIARSII. of Alnwick, read a communication on the
wild cattle of Chillingham Park, Northumberland. The ex-
istence of these animals here has long been considered an in-
teresting problem in natural history, and the general opinion
is that they ai e remnants of the ancient breed of wild oxen,
whit h in earlier periods pastured over the country, particultr y
the nortl e n p r.s, and which the observations of the writer
sanctioned. The herd:conslsts of eighty individuals, and they
possess tll the character of the wild species, by hiding their
by night, remaining in security in the day, and
their positians when any person approaches even at a
young,novi fenng
great distance. In some parts of the park they will, however,
allow persons to come within a moderate distance, when they
snuff the wind, and, if alarmed, retreat with great velocity,'
taking advantage of the irregularities of the ground, by wWch
they are Soon concealed from sight. They are described as
beautifully shaped, having short lee*s and a straight back, an I
their horns differing from those of ordinary cattle ; the muzzla
of the ani nal is brown, the ears arc red, and the body is of a
pure white. When any of their number becomes old cr dis-
easid, the rest of the herd will set upon it and gore it to
death. And in addition to all these characterisies of wild
cattle, they appear to be of a species quite distinct frum
the English oxen, although this has not before met with the
attention of naturalists. It is conjectured that they were
enclosed from the Northumbrian or Caledonian, forests in the
reign of King John or Henry 111., when the park was first
sirrounded.

Colonel SYKES read a paper on the Canis Jabatus, an an
mal described by Azara as a dog, but which the writer co
sidered should be referred to the bytenas.
Section F. Statistics.—Colonel SYKES in the chair.
The first paper read was statistical illustrations of the pro
cipal Universities of Great Britain and Ireland, by Rev.; H. I
JONES, M. A., late fellow of Magdalen College, Cambrick
The paper was compiled from the most authentic private
well as public documents, and amongst others corm rised
following details with respect to their revenues : --In Oxfu
there are 24 heads of colleges, with a revenue of 18,350/. ; 5.
fellows, with 116,5601. ; 393 scholarships, with 6,C301. ; 1
college officers, with 15,650/. ; 885 benefices and incembei:
with 136,600/. ; college revenues, 152,670/. ; and receipts
rent of rooms, 11,730/. The revenues of Cambridge, contai
ing 17 collee-es, is for an equal number of heads, 12,6501. ; 4:
fellows, whose revenue is 90,330/. ; 793 scholarships, wi
13,390/. ; 179 college officers, with 17,7501.; 252 prizes, of
value of 1,038/. ; 591 benefices and incumbents, with 93,300/
rent of rooms, 15,680/. ; and college revenues, 133,268/. I
Dublin, the head of Trinity College receives 2,000/. ; 25 fellow
25,400/. ; 70 scholars, 2,100/. ; 10 college officers, 20,000/
62 benefices and incumbents, 9,300/. ; rent of rooms, 2,000/.1
and college revenues, 31,5001.
A paper was also read from Mr. HINDMARSII, on the stat
of agriculture and condition of the agricultural labourers
the north division of the county of Northumberland, whit
represented the rate of wages to be higher, and the charge fo.
the necessaries of life less than in other parts of the country,
by which a greater share of happiness and comfort to th
labourer was secured.

Section G. Mechanical Science..—.CHARLES BABBAGII
Esq., F. R. S., in the Chair. ,
.....

111 r. EVANS, of Birmingham, explained the invention of ti
rotatory steam engine by Mr. Rowley, of Manchester, th
principle of which might be equally applied to a pump.
A discussion ensued, in which the inutility of this kind of
construction was pointed out, no less than 100 patents having'
been taken out, none of which were, however, now working tci•
advantage.

Dr. CARDNER read a paper on railway constants relative try
the inquiry suggested at the last meeting ; and also exhibitei!
a small steam recorder for steam carriages on railroads, a simi,
tar one in construction having, however, for some time been in
use on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway and on that
between Dublin and Kingstown, which further indicates when
the road is out of repair.
It was, in the course of conversation, suggested that a na-
tional standard for the width of railroads should be adopted, by
means of which greater security would be ensured by allowing
an opportunity for the safer construction of the carriages.
The meeting adjourned early for the purpose of visiting Mr.
Hawthorn's steam-engine manufactory.
Section C. Geology and Geography.—C. I.YELL, EAI., in
the chair.

The first paper read was by the PRESIDENT on vertical lines
of flint traversing horizontal beds of chalk near Norwich. The
deposit of chalk occurred under a bed of sand and gravel 20
feet in depth, and was itself from 20 to 26 feet in thickness.
The occurrence of vertical beds, or, more properly speaking,
of lines of flints, was rarely found, and the flints were of larger
size than those found in the horizontal beds.

Professor SEDGWICK made some observations to prove that
these vertical lines of flints were of organic origin and the re-
mains of fossil animals of the parambula tribe, of similar
growth to the sponge, they having been gradually imbedded
by the deposition of chalk, the one growing upon the other as
it became extinguished.
Professor BUCKLAND did not believe that they were of or-
ganic origin, as in some experiments made in \Vedgewood's
pottery, where a preparation for the manufacture, composed of
flint and feltspar, had been allowed to stand for some time,
conglomerated masses had been found, of very hard substance,
supposed to be from the separation and cohesion of the flint.

The next paper read was on lunar volcanoes, by Mr. T. W.
WEBER, the author assuming that there were not sufficient cer-
tain data to establish their existence. If any dependence could
be placed on Schroeder's observations, which were made at the
conclusion of the last century, considerable changes had taken
place on the surface of that planet. The mountains of the
moon were formerly supposed to be of immense height, but it,
was an opinion expressed by Herschel that those mountains
only bore the same proportion to the magnitude of the moon
as our own mountains did to the size of the earth.
Sir Gao. BACK next took the Chair, in the absence of Lord
Prudhoe, for the discussion of geographical subjects.
After some preliminary observations,
Captain Wesnieeeoe, one of the Secretaries, introduced to
the notice of the meeting a native of Madingo, by name Ma-
homed Sissel. In his early years he had been a companion of
Mungo Park, end for this reason alone claimed sympa by and
attention. Ile had been many years in captivity, and was
now about to return to his native country and home, and in fact
to the very spot from whence Mungo Park departed in 1792.
On his second journey in 1805, he met this individual, who
accompanied him on part of his journey. At eight years of
age he was sent to school, where he studied the Koran deeply,
and became a very proficient scholia; being, however, of a
ramb!ing disposition, he often ran away, and was punished
for his delinquencies. He also had recollection of the great
quantity of rum that was required of Park for obtaining horses
for his journey. He was now about fifty years of age, had
travelled much in Africa, and kept a school for five years its
his native village ; but there being war with the neighbouring
chiefs was made a prisoner and sold to a French slaver.
After various vicissitudes he obtained his liberty, entered
the English army, and served on various occasions in the
West Indies. In 1831 he married a Creole in Grenada, who
with himself and a child were now on their way home to
Africa. lie was one of the Society of Africans in Trinidad
established for the purpose of purchasing their freedom. He
has lived with Captain Washington for a month, and performs
the ceremony of his prayers from the top of the house at sun
rise every morning. The Mandingo race is of much import-
ance, the country embracing an extent of 120 miles, whilst
the language is spoken for a distance of 1,000 miles in the
interior. He had engaged him to write a Grammar of that lan-
guage, and he had already obtained 2,000 phrases which would
be of great importance to future travellers in that vicinity.
The Mandingo was of a fine athletic frame, full six feet in
height, his appearance being intelligent, and more resembling
the Hindoo than the thick-lipped negro. He wrote the Arabic
lancuage with great faeili*.
The next paper read was a sketch of the recent Russian ex-
pedition to Nova Zembla, by professor K. E. Von Baer. Five
Russian expeditions had been undertaken since the commence-
ment of this century, but they had all failed in their attempts
to explore the eastern shore of that island. One important
fact had, however, been established by the last expedition the
c
Nova Zembla was only two-thirds of the size previously laic,
down on other maps, and that the mountains were found to bt
from 3,000 to 4,000 feet in height. The Presider;
paid a high compliment to the Academy of' Science
of St. Petersburgh, which had effected much good,
whilst they had the generosity to attribute their exertion;
solely to the impetus afforded by British enterprise
on the western shores of the arctic regions. It was rr
curious fact that Professor Baer found gales from the east,
v.hilst Messrs. Deere and Simpson, in their recent enterprise;
its the west, had found fogs with westerly gales. In allusion
to those intrepid travellers, we might now indulge in thus
pleasing hope that they had already achieved the most impori
tent geographical problem of modern times, the commnnica,
tion of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in those regions.

A communication was next read from Lieut.-colonel Don
J. Velasquez de Leon on the recently-constructed map of than
e3untry.
Section F. Medical Science.—The papers read. were b)'
Mr. Farr, on tho law of recovery and mortality in spasmodil
cholera ; on the action of various substances on the anima!
economy ; on abscess of the lungs, by Dr. Barnes; and som
observations and experiments on the causes of the sounds ci
respiration, by Dr. Spittal.
In the evening the great source of attraction was at thr
Central Exchange, where a description was given by Pro
fessor Babbage, Dr. Robisan, of Armagh, and Professor Will
lis, of s.tveral of the objects in the Model Room, and seven,
el, mentary principles of the arts. The Duke of Northumber
land again presided, and was attended by the same distill'
gu'shed personages and numerous audience as upon the ever-
ing previous.

Professor MORkEN, of Belgium, read a paper on the tal.•
tivation of the vanilla iu Europe, the practicability of whieb.
he illustrated with some very fine specimens of tin fru'ts
The subject has generally failed before, but the 'miter con i-
ders it may be successfutly introduced jar; 411 parts of the tro-
pics, and even into Europe, where its cultivation would be a
matter of great commercial importaneo.
Mr. TURNER exhibited a colleotion of insects from the Gold
Coast, amongst which was 4 new species of that interesting
genus the Go-liatlais leeetla, which is an object of commercial as
well a entomolugical value, as much as 501. hating 13-.seng‘veu
for t specimen, whilst 201 to 251. was an ordinary price.
Dr. PARNELL, of Edinburgh, describ:d•some British fishes,
moat of which were new,
Mr. llANoocic read a prim- on the Falco Islandicus. of:
authors, in which he suggestedauthors, the existence of two distit;:...
species 4 the fal(p4 Qt leeland and of Greenland.