The Sun.
London, England, 1853-10-08 00:00:00

PARAGUAY.

Dr. Francia kept Paraguay, for a period of 30
years, as a place isolated from the rest of the world.
Consequently, the commerce, which had been pro-
ductive of 300,0001. sterling per annum, became
entirely non-productive. Two hundred and fifty
vessels of 250 tons each were, not long ago, in
constant occupation, and afforded a remunerating
employment to some thousands of persons. The
Dictator, guided by an ambitious principle of self-
centralising authority, thought that the best means
to render his power secure would be the enthraldom
of the populace in an unrelieved ignorance. Hence
he set about the destruction of all churches, con-
vents, and colleges of education, all of which insti-
tutions he deprived of their income. And how
did he bring about objects at once so selfish and
opposed to what is right ? Assassination, banish-
ment, and incarceration—these were the instru-
ments by which his ends were accomplished. In
substantiation of the predicate, it should be told,
that at the death of this Dictator there were found
in the republic only two priests, and the lives of
these two had been devoted to the instilment of
those humane principles which are the result, for
the most part, of a correct and liberal education.
Imposible would it be to trace, hastily, the
frightful misdoings and turbulently gigantic crimes
of this moral madman. History, however, will
hand them down to posterity, and will not forget to
enshrine their vile perpetrator in a condign detesta-
tion. During the space of 30 years all the men of
talent were, by this monster, torn from the land of
their birth ; and strangers who visited the republic
were plunged into dungeons, from which they were
not liberated until their persecutor had ceased to
breathe. Happy was it, however, for Paraguay
that Ddn Carlos Antonio Lopez, one of the most
distinguished citizens, by his wealth, property, and
talent, evaded the persecution, and retiring from
the interior of the republic, and abandoning the
business of a statesman, gave himself up unre-
servedly to study, and devised a project for the
emancipation of his countrymen from slavery.
Francia died, and at the moment of his demise,
Paraguay, knowing well the merits of the great
and good eremite who, in solitude, had compassed
the salvation of his country, appointed him Con-
sul ; and now began Don Lopez to bring his
schemes into exercise, but alas ! he was in want of
almost everything necessary to the carrying out of
so vast an experiment. He parted not with his
courage, although surrounded on every side by im-
mense difficulties. On the contrary, as his troubles
increased his fortitude increased also. Agreeable,
indeed, would it be to go minutely into the details
of his excellent reforms. The enumeration of these
would afford subject matter for an entire volume,
and the perusal of them would be profitable, be-
cause they could not fail to teach the oft-forgotten
fact, that to the true patriot, whose soul burns
with the genuine love of country, nothing is im-
possible. To this overpowering affection is to be
ascribed the readiness with which Lopez set to
work. He knew that a nation without religion
was but a kind of half-creation. He, therefore,
built a cathedral and some other churches. He,
moreover, instituted an university, and set up
schools, for which he provided teachers whom he
had brought from foreign countries. He likewise
published a code of civil and commercial laws.
With propriety, and without aught of egotism,
might Lopez have said, in the words of Solon to
the Athenians, "If I have not given to you the
best laws, I have, at least, given to you the most
convenient." This philosophic statesman made
free all the new-born slaves in the country, and
this was but the earnest of a more permanent
emancipation which was effected when he possessed
himself of means for the purchase of their liberty.

Lopez has now opened the rivers of the republic
to foreigners ; he has thus introduced navigation
by steam, and the tide of emigration has begun to
set in. How marked the difference between the
Emperor of Brazil and Lopez ! Paraguay is not
yet acknowledged by England, and at her signal
Lopez opens most generously his rivers ; and the
Emperor who owes his empire to the English pro-
tection, and is indebted also for the safety of his
sister Donna Maria, who owes her kingdom of Por-
tugal to the same tutelage, refuses to open the
Amazonas under the pretext of a privileged com-
pany for 40 years dated in anticipation. He dared
not to give a positive refusal to the desire of the
English Government, and according to the New York
papers, he has sent to Granada an ambassador to re-
quest that the foreign vessels may not be allowed to
navigate the rivers of New Granada, with a view of
turning out the English merchandises, and substi-
tuting the North American, Brazil having made a
treaty with the latter Government. Lopez, in a
word, has neglected nothing which seemed expe-
dient for the reconstruction of Paraguay. His law
of the 20th May, 1845, in favour of foreigners is a
proof of his talent and liberality. He instructed
his son from early youth in the science of war, and
made him betimes acquainted with all ancient and
modern works on the science : for he felt certain
that his son would, at a future day, contribute to
the freedom of his country. He was not mistaken :
for his son has since formed an army composed of
12 regiments of infantry, six of cavalry, and one of
artillery, and also a necessary number of ponto-
neer& The army is well disciplined, paid, and
attired, and many foreign officers are in it. The
President has appointed his son, General Lopez,
Minister Plenipotentiary in England. He resides
at Mivart's Hotel, and receives with a remarkable
politeness all who address themselves to him. We
congratulate the President upon so wise an election.
—Correspondent of the Morning Chronicle.

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