The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-26 00:00:00

FEMALE EMIGRATION FUND.

Yesterday another band of female emigrants, forty-
one in number, embarked on board the ship Kent, off
Gravesend, destined for Port Philip, under the auspices
of the Female Emigration Fund. A deputation from
the committee, consisting of the Count de Strzelecki,
C.B. ; the Rev. Joseph Brown, rector of Christ Church,
Blackfiiars ; the Rev. W. Quekett, incumbent of Christ
Church, St. George's-in-the-East ; and Mr. W. T. Haly,
accompanied the emigrants from the Fenchurch-street
station to Blackwall, and thence to Gravesend on board

the vessel. Mr. and Mrs. Charles ii;;ZtOn,lir.FOwell
Buxton, the Misses Prince, the Rev. Mr. Mansfield,
incumbent of St. Peter's, Saffron-hill ; Mr. Charles
Cochrane, Mr. Moor, and Capt. Stanley Carr were alto
of the party. The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert; M.P.,
the chairman and founder of the Female Emigration
Fund, was unavoidably prevented being present.
The emigrants dispatched on this occasion have been
principally occupied in domestic service in the metro-
,•

polls, and they also include three sisters, daughters of
a surgeon in the country, and the daughter of a clergy-
man. They have of course all been strongly recom-
mended to the managing committee on ,the score of cha-
racter, and have, besides, spent a term of probation at
the "some," in Hatten-garden, established in connec-
tion with the society, previous to their embarkation. They
are all young women, between seventeen and thirty,
and as we saw them assembled on board the ship they
presented as a body a highly respectable and promisin
appearance, and were characterised by great propriety of
demeanour. On board the Kent, a handsome new ves-
sel, built by Wigram and Co., at Blackwall, they are
furnished with every possible accommodation calculated
to render the voyage agreeable, including a capacious
sitting apartment and commodious sleeping berths, com-
pletely separated from every other part of the ship.
They are placed under the care of an experienced ma-
tron, who has been to Australia in that capacity more
than once, assisted by five sub-matrons, chosen from
among the emigrants themselves. A schoolmaster also
accompanies them to afford them suitable instruction
during the voyage ; and they will have the advice of two
surgeons in case of sickness.

Con reaching the vessel at Gravesend the emigrants
were conducted to the apartment assigned for their use ;
e• and,. being all assembled; the Count de Strzelecki read
a letter addressed to them by the Hon. Mrs. Sidney
Herbert, in which that benevolent lady, in the most
touching and affectionate terms, reminded them of the
great importance of the step they were about to take in
leaving their native country for a distant land, of the
encouraging prospects it held out to them, and urging
upon them the necessity of persevering in a course of
honest industry, frugality, and virtuous conduct as the
only means of ameliorating their condition, which was
the great object of their emigration, and of reflecting
credit alike on the mother-country and the society un-
der whose auspices they were enabled to proceed to their
adopted home. This suitable advice was further en-
forced by some well-timed observations of the Count
himself, Mr. Moor, and Capt. Stanley Carr (two gentle-
men on a visit here from the colony for which the emi-
grants are bound), the Rev. J. Brown, the Rev. W.
Quekett, and the Rev. Mr. Mansfield. The committee
and the rest of the party then took an affectionate leave
of the emigrants, and shortly afterwards the vessel was
on her voyage.
This seems an opportune occasion for stating a few of
the results of the Female Emigration Fund, and of the
labours of the philanthropic individuals to whom its dis-
tribution has been intrusted. That fund, it will be re-
membered, was raised by uoluntary subscription in the
winter of 1849, and amounted to 22,0001. That sum was
afterwards further augmented by occasional contribu-
tions, and by interest on Exchequer bills, until it
amounted to 23,1781. ss. 9241. 16s. have, in addition,
been resaived from the friends of emigrants on account.the
of their passage ; so that on the Ist ofoJaaniusa.r
7 yOlfuthat
present year the total receipts were 24,1
of emigrants • 2,2041. 2s. 4d. in their outfits
pas-
sage
2 1,7351. in the expenses of
sum 11,762/. 13s. 6d. have been disbursed. in the
andshipping expenses ; lss.
Bs. 9d. in gratuities to surgeons , matrons, and officers
init
Colonisa-
tion
tee Loan Society
expenses ; in all, for emigration purposes, 16,651/
the Emigrants' " Home," in Hatton-garden ; 580/.
-
expended in salaries,
;
of ships ; 3001. in ,
.a
andg grant to
inthe
districtFami co
Family
in
1,2351. ss. 11d. have been
printing, stationery, &c. 1,087/. ls. ld. in advertise-
ments : and 1,5651. lls. Bd. as liabilities for part pas-
sage money for ships now on the voyage ; making the
total expenditure 20,538/. 19s. ld., and leaving a work-
ing balance now in hand of 3,564/. odd. In 1850 the
society forwarded 409 female emigrants to the various
English colonies ; 228 in 1851, and 434 in 1552, in all
1,071. A return—the latest received by the committee
—of the employment obtained by 49 young women sent
by them to Port Philip in March, 1853, shows that 11
of them have been engaged in the colonies as domestic
servants at wages of 251. a year ; two at at., one at 52/.
14 at 201., and four at 181., with rations in addition in
every case. The lowest wage that any one of them
receives is 14/. Most of these women were previously
employed in this country as domestic servants, at ls.
6d. and 2s. a week ; and as needlewomen, at from 3s.
to 7s. a week. Many of them, at the time they deter-
mined upon
emigrating, were servants out of place.
These facts speck for themselves. 'We are further as-
sured that the demand for female servants of all descrip-
tions in the colony, to which those have hitherto been
sent, is largely on the increase, and that the emigrants
dispatched are more than ever certain to find, upon
their arrival, immediate employment and ample remune-
ration.

CALLING OUT THE MILITIA.—We understand that it is
the intention of the Government to call out the whole
of the militia of England, for one lunar month's train-
ing,
all
over in April or May next. The force is to be out
ollf,
over the country at the same time, with the object
ts,which.
checking the double, and even triple enlistments,
tthoef it is suspected have taken place. The aseptpmpociefier nl
an adjutant-general of militia. is only
force is raised. Lord Palmerston
ay
thaed.swhich needed the
stands the working of the militia
to office matters lia;re been adjt.ists
well.—Naval and
master's hand. All now promise st.o sceei.flei icst cuens sdieorn-
Military Gazette. A letter from Smyrna,
_Y No NA.
or three days previously
E7xtEhc, u
states
sATtrh,S,em
of Athile
twenty peremptory:so
whod trs ohfaedxehceuetnionfohrada bleoenligrteicineieveidn
against rnaleactox_,_rome.
either from weakness
prison, but whom r
or some other motive, would not order to be executed.
One
fteewd h,
a
been T
already
one who died yesterdayeadyexeeuted,andtli i
hadeotlers willa assassi-
nated, l in
a dasyabout twelve months since, a poor Armenian
atiallor, father-in-law of M. Guillois, second Dragoman to
the French Consul. He was conducted to the place
where the crime was committed, and when there, M.
Guillois was, according to the Turkish law, thrica asked
whether he would forgive the prisoner. On a negative
reply being given, he was handed over to the executioner.
The Man made a desperate resistance, which rendered
his sufferings still greater, for two men held him by the
hair of his head while the executioner cut at his neck,
and fearing to injure those who held him, he could not
strike very heavy blows. The body was then thrown
into the gutter with the head behind it, where it lay
, until the next day, when it was taken up, and carried to
the Greek hospital.

the Press should reason and not revile—that it
should argue and not vituperate--that it should
move the minds and hearts of the people with
facts and with logic, with statistics and with inci-
dents, and not with only vulgar abuse and de-
testable scurrilities. Supposing any public man
commits an error in the face of Europe, per-
petrates a crime in the presence of Christendom,
—record that error, proclaim that crime, lay
them bare to the gaze of the world by the state-
ment of the smallest detail and the minutest par-
ticular : but ido not in the name of decency, in
the name of reason, in the name of truth, do not
prostitute the Liberty of the Press into Licence,
by rendering the public journals of England the
vehicles of merely eloquent slang and rhetorical
Billingsgate!

It must at the same time be asserted that the
official leader of the French newspapers, the Mo-
niteur, has within the last few days very materially
weakened the position that might otherwise have
been assumed, in reference to the insensate con-
duct of the English Press in his regard, by the
head of the Imperial Government. Nothing, let
us say at once, is more incomprehensible, as nothing
certainly could be more culpable, than the course
pursued in this particular by the Moniteur. Surely
there was " pick " enough, as the saying is, among
the more violent effusions of our contemporaries !
Yet, instead of contenting itself with one or two
" elegant extracts" of unquestionable authenticity,
the official journal of France must needs go out of
its way to garble a quotation from the Times---to
garble, forsooth, a quotation from the very paper
which had originally presented to the reading
1 public the shameful personalities and ferocious
sentiments, disgracing the hitherto unsullied, but
now degraded, title of "An Englishman." To this
instance of bad faith and double-dealing on the part
of the Moniteur, we cannot but, refer in the severest

terms of reprehension. Sympathising with the
indignation very naturally expressed therein,
acknowledging the reasonableness of that protest
against so many odious calumnies and vituper-
ations—we must at the same moment allude to
the conduct of the Moniteur in this instance in
language of the strongest condemnation.

and avoiding." But Major BERESFORD will afford
no such locus penitentice. He requires no admis-
sion or acknowledgment. It is sufficient to say
that ho has been " attacked," and to designate the
language as " most uncourteous," and as an " un-
founded calumny." He certainly pays a high
compliment to the members of the Fourth Estate,
when he thus assumes, that anything must be true
" because it's in the papers." He appears to
have had some stronger evidence than POLLY
GRAY, the faithless sweetheart of poor JACK
ROBINSON, had of the death of her lover. She
assumed it to be a fact, because

A remarkable pamphlet *bearing directly upon
the question herein considered by ourselves, has
within the last few hours been issued from
the Press by one of the most keen-sighted
politicians of Great Britain, by one of the
cleverest men in the country, and one of
the ablest of its Liberal statesmen—the Ho-
nourable Gentleman the Meniber for the West
Riding of Yorkshire. We hail the appearance of
this pamphlet with unusual satisfaction—coming
before the public (in regard to time) so very appro-
priately, and coming, moreover, with the autho-
rity always attached to the arguments of RICHARD
Connmr—the arguments of one who in his poli-
tical position, scarcely less than in his personal
capacity, commands the observation of his fellow-
countrymen, leading as he does one of the most
intelligent sections of the House of Commons,
and representing as he does the largest
of our constituencies. We observe that in his
three masterly Letters anent 1793 and 1853
letters calmly argued, and to a. considerable ex-
tent irresistibly convincing—Mr. COBDEN lays par-
ticular stress upon the circumstance that the in-
vectives directed nowadays against the French
Emperor are similar—nay, almost identical—with
those directed sixty years ago against the Con-
stituent Assembly. In testimony of this, he
transcribes the following (sufficiently significant)
illustrations :

" Some one, somewhere—somehow—said
That some one told him he had read
In some newspaper as how JACK was dead."

Now the Major says he read it himself in some
newspaper, but what newspaper that was he omits
to specify. On the other hand, he is more vague
and uncertain as to the matter than the fickle POLLY.
The " death of JACK" was a distinct and positive
fact—whereas that " any one who made a per-
sonal and unfounded attack" is scarcely tangible,un-
less that of which the unfounded attack" consisted
were set forth in substance, at least, if not
verbatim. It was in vain that Lord DRUM, A.NRIG
declared that several reports of his speeches had
appeared in different local papers which had
been copied into London journals ; that many
of these reports were very incorrect, and
until he had before him the actual report
alluded to, he could not answer or explain
the expressions complained of. In vain he
sent a copy of a local journal, in which he was
most correctly reported. And, after apologising in
the handsomest manner, and in the most unequi-
vocal terms, for any inadvertence into which he
had been betrayed, distinctly denied that he had
ever coupled Major BERESFORD' S name with any
meditated oppositionto himself in Dumfriesshire."
The gallant Major neglected to inform his Lord-
ship where the objectionable paragraph was to be
found, and, although declaring himself " bound
to accept the apology" so freely and honourably
tendered by Lord DRUAELANRIG, he was still "tan-
ticene animis ecelestibus tree," virtuously indignant at
the supposed imputation )£ hisasing language that
might have led to very untoward consequences.
The matter has now terminated without being
brought to a mortal arbitrament. But it is not to
the temperance or forbearance of Major BERES-
FORD that this fortunate result can be attributed.
Had his adversary been as rash and hot-headed
as himself, we might have been compelled to
comment on the matter , in a very different
tone and spirit. We might have had to de-
plore an event that would have placed two dis-
tinguished families in mourning that would
have prematurely cut off one of the bellige-
rents, and caused the unceasing misery of
the survivor. The practice of duelling is happily
obsolete. It cannot be restored under any cir-
cumstances, more especially on trivial or insufficient
grounds. Surely Major BERESFORD has been too
long a public man—has interfered in too many
elections—to feel such extraordinary sensitiveness
at his name being referred to in the heat and ex-
citement of a canvass. There must certainly be
something in electioneering worse than we are
acquainted with, or any participation therein
would not be so indignantly disclaimed by one so
conversant with its minutest details.

BURKE, 1790, ENGLISHMAN, 1852,
Speaking of the Constituent Speaking of Louis Napoleon.
" Assembly. "A self-convictedperjurer,
When all the frauds, im- an attainted traitor, a con-
postures, violence, rapines, spirator successful by the
burnings, murders, confisca- foulest treachery, the pur-
tions, compulsory paper cur- chase of the soldiery, and
rencies, and every descrip- the butchery of thousands,
tion of tyranny and cruelty he must, if not cut short in
employed to bring about and his career, go all length of
to uphold this Revolution, tyranny. For him there is
have their natural effect, no 'halt, for his system no
that is, to shock the moral element of either stability
sentiments of all virtuous or progress. It is a hopeless
and sober minds, the abet- and absolute anachronism."
tors of this philosophic sys-
tem immediately strain their
, throats in a declamation

against tho old monarchical
Government of France."
A melancholy parallel—tending, indeed, •to

prove the correctness of the assertion that we are
not " progressive creatures," but that we do in
truth "move in a circle of instincts." But ob-

serve the logical application of the parallel—as

forced by Mr. COBDEN upon the popular re-
membrance. Bear in recollection, as ho
reminds us, that • " the result of BURKE'S de-
slamation was a war of twenty-two years—first
to put down the French Republic and afterwards
Napoleon Bonaparte, both in the interest, of the
Bourbons, that the war cost us five hundred millions
of debt, and that the result , is, this present year
1853, a Bonaparte, whose family we proscribed,
sitting upon, the French throne, and the Bourbons,
whom we installed at the Tuileries, fugitives from
the soil of France." Yes—the fruits of those
coarse and evil invectives, were a bootless (be-
cause now a resultless) and most atrocious
war—saddling this country at the behest of
its aristocracy with a debt of FrvE HUNDRED
MILLIONS ! Wisely and patriotically has RICHARD
COBDEN acted in thrusting facts like these upon
the attention of the English multitude. If for
nothing else, for this alone he would have de-
served well of his country. Let England betimes
weigh these facts well in her calmer judgment.
Let her draw some wisdom at least from ex-
perience, and, blinded by no despicable passions,
and influenced by no malign invectives, and in-
furiated by no base and criminal insinuations,
observe dispassionately the developement of events
in France—what though those events be guided
by the sceptre of an Emperor in the grasp of a
NAPOLEON !

A very long but interesting letter from the Rev
JOSEPH THOMPSON addressed by permission to the
Earl of SHAFTESBURY, on the subject of American
Slavery, has just appeared, It is a total contrast
in spirit, good taste, and sound sense to the com-
munications from Milan and New York, and is
really worthy of the attention of every English-
man interested (and who is not ?) in the question
of American Slavery. Beginning with some
striking corroborations of the complicity of Eng-
land (sorrowfully admitted by the Stafford-house
ladies), in the originating and even forcing negro
slavery upon the Americans, he points out the
circumstances which compelled 'WASHINGTON, JEF-
FERSON, JAY, ADA➢LS, FRANKLIN, and other Ame-
rican patriots, to tolerate it as a temporary evil.
JEFFERSON himself, in the draught document he
drew up, had enumerated amongst " the crimes
of GEORGE III," his having practically stolen and
sold men into slavery in his colonies ; he was
obliged, however, to yield to the necessity of unit-

ing the States in their great conflict. They did,
however, as is well known, in their Constitution,
utterly refuse to insert the odious word slavery,
and used a form of expression, " persons held to
labour by the laws of any State," which ought to
in
ta
up
rp
el
dy
apprentices.only
Te r vh
eayn t sw,
eorre a ta mostso
obliged, 3
inn-
terms of
fetecotioormutnitioentdph-l.circumlocution, to legalise .the
Slave Tradii, and the sale of slaves for twenty
Eng-
landavtic
urnenetrdga siyo
ttnefohhdofeertfhdnrc
was ooeeu
mm
b6e9r7e,x
iB9st7intgo lat,lt9hle,3timo4e, ntheaeirrlye donoustb-
yeaTs, till 1808 ; in which time the slaves in-
i-
g implin,
ications
se thisthe
sgcrfde savNutapolduer
teremvhoeea
demand
leddafvtr
eho
merchants
a disco-bo ur
e
with Southern planters, till the thing has grown
toitssiaprveesryenteaauswfeulnmowaglaiietsu,dea.a
Mr. T
The strengthir
o Ni r. s o ofN
the
shows, in the " morality of party, n
trading spirit." The hindrance which both in th
are to
every worthy and noble enterprise, we can better
appreciate, probably, than Mr. T. appears to sup-
pose. The pro-slavery party has for a long time
maintained its ground, because it was able to turn
the scale between the Whigs and the Democrats,
although the representatives from slave-holding
States are but 89 in number, while the free States
send 114 members to Congress. In the Senate,
also, the free States, since the adm'ission of Cali-
fornia, have had a majority. In speaking of the
annexation of Texas, by which the slaveholders
then regained their lost equilibrium in the
Senate, Mr. THOMPSON, American as he is,
uses language which surpasses anything we
ever wrote, and which, we much fear, will sadly
irritate General CASS, and occasion deep regret at
Manchester. "It was for this," he writes, "that
Mexico was conquered, and a portion of its terri-
tory seized by a. peace hardly less rapacious than
war itself ; and it will be for this—the extension of
slavery, the domestic slave-market and the slave-
holding interest, and the augmentation of the
slave-holding political power—that by violence,
fraud, or by negotiation, Cuba will be wrested from
Spain under the incoming administration of the
United States' Government." Such is the state-
ment deliberately made to a British Peer, by this
calmly-writing and clearly well-informed American
minister of the Gospel 1 British and American
trade also rivet, as yet, the fetters of the slave.
While Manchester is exulting in a Free-trade
President elect, and reading lectures to Mr. IN-
GERSOLL, the friends of the slave in America a
lamenting the advent topower of an unscrupu-
re
lously pro-slavery Government, prepared, as its
Party has hitherto been, to concede everything,
even Cuba itself, to the South.
Notwithstanding all, Mr. THOMPSON is confi-
dent that all this is merely the result of political
combinations. " Leave," he says, " the moral
sense of the Northern and Western States to act
upon the simple question whether slavery should
continue to exist, and their decision would be
almost unanimous that slavery should be abolish-
ed." Hence Mr. T. is prepared to hail the Staf-
ford-house Address. He thinks it a " beautiful
conception that the women of -England should
address the women of the United States, and
plead with them for the sanctity of the marriage
tie, and the family relation, and the boon of edu-
cation," for the Negroes. He thinks, moreover,
they have pleaded for the most appropriate
objects ; since, not only can no one defend what
they so justly attack, but, grant their prayer, and
the syStem would soon fall of itself. It could not
exist without the abominations which the ladies
deprecate. He assures them also that their
Address will meet with a ns
cordial response from the
hearts of American females he encourages
the employment of the press, and every moral
and Christian means for arousing to activity the
already awakened conscience of the majority of

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2?6, 1853.

Somebody, it will be remembered, once upon a
time, christened the Press of this country the
Fourth Estate. Could that " somebody " have
foreseen the licence shown of late, and wes regret
to say for a rather considerable time past, in the
language employed by a large portion of the
British journalists--it may reasonably be ques-
tioned whether he would ever have ventured to
apply to oar Order a title so peculiarly (tievated
and dignified. That circumstance, we believe,
has been a matter of profound regret to tile ma-
jority of the more reflective and unimpagisioned
members of the population. In common with
ourselves very many we doubt not have lamented
from the purest and highest motives the inde-
corum and not unfrequently the vulgazity of
the vituperations directed against the French
people in the person of their accepted--their
three-times accepted—SovEßElGN. It is a mere
farce to quibble now at the eleventh hour (when
the system across the Channel has become estab-
lished), by asserting that it was the man 'rho was
abused, and not the multitude. It is a mere farce,
because the man has been chosen three times over
by the multitude, and has, therefore, become their
virtual representative—their public impersona-
tion—their political incarnation. In scouting him,
through the aid of all the grossest epithets that
can be culled from the dictionary, you neces-
sarily, and by something more than impli-
cation, cover them, with scurrility. To pretend
that our neighbours, as a mass, are regarded only
in the present situation with feelings of Pity, is
perhaps only to make matters worse : for there
are momenta when Pity is more intolerable than
Insult. Whoever has watched, even crursorily
and superficially, the progress of recent events in
France, and the manner in which those events
have been commented on in the United Kingdom,
needs not surely be reminded that passion rather
than reason seems to have dictated the gmerality
9f the remarks uttered upon this subject by most
of our contemporaries. Latterly, a show of mo-
deration has crept in upon the more in-
sensate vilifiers of the adjacent Goverenment.
Phrenzy has yielded ground to better judgment.
Scurrilous taunts' are no longer directed against
the Base Exceptionl-meaning the only public
writer who, in the midst of a general phobia, con-
trived to preserve anything like equanimity. The
fury of the storm has, in some measure, abated,
so that nowadays the exceptional journals are
those still sustaining the old rant, the brutum
fulmen of a blind and brawling rodomontade.

* " 1793 and 1853, in Three Letters." By Richard Cob•
den, Esq., M.P., Bvo. pp. 140. Ridgway, London : 1853.

Aspirants for Senatorial honours, agents, and
others in any degree concerned in Electioneering
tactics, are duly warned that, henceforward, no
allusion is to be made under any circumstances,
either during canvassing or at the hustings, to
"W. B." as the promoter, or getter up of a
contest. The Right Hon. and Gallant Major
who rejoices in these well-known initials has re-
tired from business, and has no longer any con-
nexion with the old-established firm of which he
was once the energetic and efficient manager.
Nay, more, the public are bound to notice the
fact at their peril. Any hint to, the contrary
must be bitterly expiated. The Right Hon.
Gentleman is pugnacious, "foenum habet in
cornu." He is prepared to vindicate his character
" even at the pistol's mouth," and "odds bullets and
hair-triggers." Any person calling his name in ques-
tion, or imputing any interference at elections,
must be ready "to eat much dirt," or to
accept the pleasing alternative of being left " qui-
vering on a daisy" some fine morning. It is well
that all publicity should be given to this fact,
that candidates may not unadvisedly incur danger
by trenching on the forbidden ground. The
name of " FRAIL" must also be considered as
tabooed. It should not even be whispered among
divided constituencies, lest, haply, the distin-
guished tonsor might have announced his inten-
tion of abandoning Electioneering politics, and
sticking, for the future, to his wig-blocks and po-
matum pots, and be resolved to call to strict ac-
count every one who should venture to insinuate
the reverse.

The Major, too, is an awkward customer. He
leaves no loophole for escape, but,. more hiber-
nico, plunges at once /media.; res. He
does not waste his time in inquiring whether
a report be accurate or otherwise. In-
deed, he appears to entertain 'a very strong
repugnance even to explain what it is he com-
plains of. His adversary must find that out for
himself. The Major can't be expected to gratify
his curiosity in these particulars. It is quite suf-
ficient if he be informed of the time and place at
which his alleged observations were made.

FA sewhere we have transferred to our columns
of this evening, from those of the Weekly
Dispatch, a rebuke addressed to the section of
the English Press above mentioned, such as, in
our opinion, reflects the very highest credit upon
the judgment and discretion of our contemporary.
What is required at this important juncture from
the journalism of the 13nited. Kingdom is not
timidity, is not silence, is not in any respect a
ay,
of its dignity, or
derogation dereliction of its
principles. GOD forbid that any power or any
influence should ever gag the Free Press of Eng-
land ! But what is needed at all times, and more
particularly under the present emergency, is that

It is usual, when demanding explanations, to
repeat the very words of the objectionable state-
ment, and the authority on which it is ascribed to
the party, that he might have an opportunity
either of damrintr ;fa nen-limey or of " confessing

Americans.
What the power of Congress is Mr. THOMPSON
defines with precision. They can prohibit
slavery in the district of Columbia,—they can
prohibit it in the territories of the United States,

TIIE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JAN VARY 26, `1853.

that is in those districts which are.not yet creat_d
into independent States, these being solely under
the Government of Congress,—and, what we were
not aware of before, Congress can prohibit the
domestic Slave Trade. It can do this under the Act
which legalised the trade only till 1808. With
powers like these in the hands of the people's
Congress, chosen as it is by universal suffrage,
with an immense electoral majority also in the
free States, the blame of not using them, and
thereby giving a fatal blow to slavery, must lie at
the door of the people, and the people of the
Free States too. Mr. THOMPSON seams to smile
at the threat on the part of the South of a
" dissolution of the Union ;" anal he shows that
without the support of the whole United States'
army they dare not hazard a servile war. Mr.
THOMPSON does not advocate immediate emanci-
pation ; yet he thinks its dangers less than are
commonly supposed, and that, accompanied by
cautious measures, and plans for the improvement
of the Negro, it might be beneficial both to master
and servant. The Fugitive Slave Law will, he
thinks, after having in reality served the cause of
freedom both in the North and in the South,
practically become a dead letter on the statute-7
book. Such are some of the most important
views of one who shows himself a thorough Ameri-
can—who severs himself from the. LLOYD GARRI-
SON Abolitionists—who is evidently master of the
whole subject—and who, though a Minister of
high standing in the City of New York, does not
hesitate to own that the connection of Christian
Churches with slavery is one of the chief things
which keep it in countenance. He makes one
suggestion which we would leave in the hands of
Mr. GLADSTONE, that the Anglican Bishops should
address a memorial on slavery to the Episcopal
brethren in America. He asserts that it would
have great weight.

MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEWS.

CITY, Two o'CLocx.

The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at 7,000 bales, of which 1,000 American
and 500 Surat were taken on speculation. The
market closed firmly. The sales comprised.4,soo
American, 250 Pernam and Maranham at 6-ad. to
7d., 800 Egyptian at 6d. to 9d., 1,300 Surat at
3/d. to 4-id., and 60 Sea Island at ls. 7d. to
is. laid. per lb. Railway Shares were firmer.
The profits of the Union Bank of Australia, it is
currently reported, will yield a much larger divi-
dend next half-year even than at present, and the
accounts as to the operations in gold buying, &c.,
since June last, to which date the balance sheet is
made up, certainly justify the expectation.
The steamer Asia is not yet reported as having
arrived.

Shortly there will be two mails monthly from
Southampton to India, the new contract of the
Peninsular and Oriental Company being about to
commence.
Java advices state that the Portuguese Govern-
ment has sold to the Dutch authorities its territory
in Timor and the island of Floris. The purchase
money is 200,000 florins.
There was no general improvement yesterday in
the rates at which bills of exchange were negotiated
upon tae principal cities of the Continent. Paris,
90 days, was taken at 25, 25 to 27/ ; Amsterdam
at 11 18/ to 19 ; Hamburgh, at 13 5 to 61 ; and
Trieste at 11 2 to 4.
The Mexican Bondholders have held their meet-
ing this morning, and are still assembled. Sir
Lyon Goldsmid's resignation has been accepted,
but Mr. Capel has been induced to remain. Several
other members of the committee retire.
The funds have an upward tendency, and al-
though occasional sales by parties who bought at
lower prices have the effect of retarding a rise, the
tone is good. Consols have been 991 /, since 99i
to /, and are now 99k, 1 for transfer. There have
been no bargains for account lower than 9911.
The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. have
been quoted 103 k to /, and the Three per
Cents. 100 i to 1. Exchequer Bills are 575.
to 615., and. India Bonds 675. to 695. premium.
South Sea Stock is 109 g. Bank Stock is nominally
at the previous rates.
Foreign Stocks are very inactive. Spanish
Bonds, however, have rallied to 221 . for the De-
ferred, and the Three per Cents. to 46. The Cer-
tificate is 4g f. Equador Stock is weaker at si.
Chilian Bonds have been at 105 k, and Brazilian
New 97-g. Austrian Scrip has been steady at 81
premium. Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. have
been heavy at 651
The Railway Share market has been very dull,
but prices have improved. Great Western, Cale-
donian, North-Western, and Midland, are rather
firmer. Great Northern, York and North Mid-
land, and South-Eastern, are flat. The French
Shares have rallied.
The Gold Mine Companies have been. drooping,
except Colonial and Australasian, and there is not
much doing.
The South Australian Land Shares have been

lower, but the accounts in the Adelaide Chronicle
as to the condition of the company's estate, and
the large amount of wheat grown thereon are
highly satisfactory. The exports of wheat alone
from Adelaide, during 1852, amounted to 800,0001.
Joint Stock Bank shares have been neglected,
and are nominally at about the former rates.

BRITISH FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK THIS DAY
(From the Official List.)
Business done.
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities • 1001 i g
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities
New 31 per Cent. Annuities t, 1034 i
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860 6A 7-16
India Bonds, £lOOO 67 9
South Sea Stock
Consols for Account 10th February 99a 2
Exchequer Bills lid. March. June.
£lO00.
£5OO 6l 57
Small 6l 57

PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Austrian Scrip, 5 per Cent BA
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent.
Ditto 4i per Cent . . 974
Chilian Bonds, 6 per Cent ... IOSA
Equador Bonds Si
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent '
Ditto New Deferred, 3 per Cent 221 :1
Ditto for the Account 221 j
Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun. 440
Dutch Exchange 24 per Cent 6sa 4
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates.... .... .
p c
MALI*-PAST TWO.

Consols
Ditto February Account

THE SCREW PROPELLER.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

Sir,—As the subject of the screw propeller is now
exciting great interest, and is really of great public im-
portance, I beg to trouble you with the following re-
marks on this interesting question.
It appears to me that your correspondents, whose
letters were published in the Times of the 15th and 20th
inst., on the subject of feathering the screw when not at
work, are not aware that there is now a screw propeller
in operation whose peculiar construction obviates the
necessity of feathering when the vessel is under canvass
only, and yet gives a greater speed with less vibration
and consumption of fuel than has been obtained from
any other screw.
The two blades of this propeller are not more than
one-third the width of those in ordinary use, and when
placed in a vertical position, in a line with the stern post
offer little (if any) resistance to the water as it flows past
the vessel. In a screw on this principle of 12 feet
diameter, the points of the blades do not exceed 2 feet 6
inches wide.
Its efficiency in propelling has been severely tested,
and I need only refer to the results that have been
obtained from it when applied to the Lariston and Fore-
runner. The former, a vessel of 600 tons, with a pro-
peller of 8 feet 10 inches diameter, made her passage from
Plymouth to Teneriffe in December last in six days, the
two first of these against a strong head wind and sea, the
engines making 34 revolutions per minute. When tried
a few weeks before, with an ordinary propeller of 9 feet
diameter, and three times the width of blades, the
engines made 42 revolutions, with a corresponding
increase in the consumption of fuel and wear and tear of

machinery.
The Forerunner, of 400 tons burden and 50-horse
power, fitted with one of these screws of 8 feet 6 inches
diameter, which left Falmouth on the 31st of December
last, made the passage to Madeira in seven days—the
four first against a violent headiwind and sea, the engines
making 70 to 75 revolutions per minute ; while, with an
ordinary screw of 9 feet diameter and the same pitch,
with blades above three times the width at the point, the
engines made 99 revolutions per minute, with a less
speed of vessel. It may be 'added, that the General
Screw Company's ship Propontis, having an ordinary
screw, left Plymouth a short time before the Fore-
runner, and was ten days six hours performing the same
voyage.

I am, &c.
AN ENGINEER,

SPORTING! INTELLIGENCE.

BETTING AT MANCHESTER-YESTERDAY,

NEWTON STEEPLECHASE.
7 to 2 agst Shinrone (taken).
4 to 1 agst Heroine (taken).
4 to 1 agst Quickstep taken).
NEWMARKET HANDICAP.
12 to 1 agst Contentment (taken).
Nothing else backed.
METROPOLITAN HANDICAP.
14 to 1 agst Contentment (taken freely).
22 to 1 agst Redmond O'Hanlon (taken).
25 to 1 agst Pug Orrock (taken).
30 to 1 agst Galvanism (taken).
30 to 1 agst Grapeshot (taken).
30 to 1 agst Snowdon Dunhill (taken).
CHESTER CUP.
22 to 1 agst Lady Evelyn (taken).
25 to 1 agst Scarecrow (taken).
40 to 1 agst Contentment (taken).
40 to 1 agst Trifle (taken).
40 to 1 agst Indian Warrior (taken).
DERBY
11 to 1 agst West Australian (taken).
1000 to 10 agst Contentment (taken).

VISIT OF M. KOSSUTH TO THE MORNING ADVERTISER
OFFlCE.—Yesterday M. Kossuth, accompanied by seve-
ral of his friends, visited the establishment of the
Morning Advertiser, and went over and minutely ex.--
amined the whole of the premises. He appeared to be
much struck with the magnitude and arrangement of
the place, and to take a particular interest in the printing
machine, which, when going at full speed, throws off
nearly 6,000 impressions in an hour. The illustrious
Hungarian, whom we were gratified to find in greatly
improved health and in excellent spirits, remained about
an hour on the establishment of this journal.—Morning
Advertiser.

REFORM MEETING AT MANCHESTER. —A social soiree
or reunion of the free trade representatives and leading
Reformers of Lancashire is to be held at the Manchester
Town-hall on the 3d proximo, at which several hundred
gentlemen are expected to be present. The representa-
tives who have accepted invitations are —Messrs. James
Heywood, W. Brown, and John Cheetham, members
for the connty ; Mr. Gibson and Mr. Bright, members
for Manchester ; Mr. Brotherton, member for Salford ;
Mr. Kershaw and Mr. Smith, members for Stockport ;
Mr. Hindley, member for Ashton ; Mr. Pilkington and
Mr. Eccles, members for Blackburn ; Mr. W. J. Fox,
member for Oldham ; and Mr. Crook, member for
Bolton. Mr. George Hadfield, M.P., of Manchester,
will also be present.

Snow has fallen during the last few days in the
north of Hampshire and on the coast of Dorset.