The Sun.
London, England, 1838-12-07 00:00:00

CHANGES.

Mowbray
Earl of H
ray;the E
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andth,
CaeteeLteesasmecngstionn Spa, frompeb
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from
their
etclisfeteant,, IfZrues or
msbcohuegihteeCtle Sir
Cheltenham
theDJ
euhkteeo we
of
i
fdnLLeaeday Pos,eCocthkis,
seat, Hornby Castle, from a visit to Lord and Lady Wham-
cliffe, at Wortley Hall, near Sheffield ; the Dowager Lady
, Suffield and the Hon. Misses Macdonald, at Dover, from
Brook House, Charlton ; the Duke and Duchess of Buc-
cleuch, Earl of Dalkcith, Earl of Howe, Viscount Emlyn,
&c., at Paris, from Calais ; Lord Segrave, at his seat, Berke..
ley Castle, from his villa at Cheltenham ; the Hon. Henry
Liddell, M. P., at Ravensworth Castle, on a visit to Lord and
Lady Ravensworth, from a tour; Sir Charles Dalbiac, Bart.,
in Yorkshire, from a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Rox-
burgh, at their seat near Kelso ; the Marquis and Marchioness
of Londonderry, at their seat, Seaham Hall, rear Sunderland,
from Mount Stewart, Newtownlands, Ireland ; Sir F. and
Lady Maclean, at Connisborough, near Doncaster, from
Cheltenham ; Colonel and Lady A. Bristo we, at Leaming-
ton Spa, from Shavington, near Market Drayton ; Sir J.
V. and Lady Johnstone, at their seat, Hackness, near
Scarborough, frcm a visit to Earl and Countess of Hare-
wood, at Harewood Hall, Yorkshire ; Lord Douglas, at Both-
well Castle, from Douglas Castle ; the Earl and Countess
of Meath, at Dublin, from their scat, Killruddery, County
Wicklow; the Hon. Charles and Lady Georgiana Wortley,
at Wortley Hall, Yorkshire, from Belvoir Castle, Rutland-
shire ; the Earl and Countess of Airlie, on a tour, from
Airlie Castle, Forfar ; Count and Countess Montholon, at
Portsmouth, from America ; Viscount St. Vincent and the
lion. Miss M. A. Jervis, at Clifton Wells, from Bath ; Mr.
W. Ord, M. P., and Mrs. Ord, at Cheltenham, from their
seat, Whitfield, Northumberland ; Sir Charles Lamb, at
Paris, from Milan ; Colonel and Mrs. Wollaston, at Lea-
mington Spa, from their seat, Stenton Hall, Hinckley ; Ad-
miral Bridges, at Dublin, from Cheltenham ; the Dowager
Viscountess Hood, on a visit to Viscount and Viscountess
Bridport, at Crichel Lodge, near Chard, from Whitley Ab-
bey, near Coventry ; the Countess of Plymouth, at St. Leo-
nard's-on- Sea, from her seat, Knowlo Park, near Sevenoaks,
Kent ; the Earl of Gosford, at Dublin, from his seat, Gos-
ford Castle, Armagh ; Sir Augustus Clifford, at Paris, from
Brighton ; the Earl and Countess of Darlington, at Ponton,
from their seat in Shropshire.

His Majesty the King of Wurtemberg has con-
ferred on his Royal Highness the Hereditary Prince of
Orange the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of
Wurtemberg.
The Duke of Grafton came up to Grafton House,
Piccadilly, in the preceding week from Wakefield Lodge,
Stoney Stratford ; and is now gone to Euston Hall, near
Thetford, in Norfolk.
The Duchess of Canizzaro arrived in Hanover-
square from Dover ; and yesterday her Grace left town for
the villa at Wimbledon.
The Duke of Devonshire, who was so liberal a patron
of Canova (as the several chef d'alivres of this distinguished
sculptor at Chatsworth prove), has, during his Grace's pre-
sent sojourn in Italy, added several fine productions from
the chisel of Thorwaldsen, Marchesi, and other living ar-
tists, to his Grace's already large and valuable collection of
marbles.
Earl Spencer is expected in town on Wednesday
next from Althorp.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Winchester and
Lady C. Paulett, intend to pass the winter in town. Their
spacious mansion in Cavendish-square has undergone ex-
tensive repairs and alterations, and is now ready for they

reception.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Lucca was visited
at Mivart's Hotel yesterday by Lord William Bentinrk,
Duke of Beaufort, Lord Tenterden, Baron de Rothschild,
Sir James Hamilton, Lord Dudley Stuart, Count Albert
Esterhazy, Count Pollen, Baron Lebzeltern, Sir William
Dundas, Baron Gersdorff, Duke de Regina, Sw.
The Countess of Minto and the Ladies Elliot have
not yet arrived at the Admiralty from Minto Castle, but
they are daily expected.
The Duke of Bedford arrived at his villa at Campden-
hill, Tticosington, yesterday, from the Marquis of Aber-
orn's scat, geptley Priory, where Lord John Russell
has a,;ived on a vi.kit to the Marquis and Marchioness,
from Ca
sliio:;ury Park. 1:liz ),y)lole of the Noble Duke's
family have been (JO a visit to the lYiu,tois And Marchioness
durin., the week.
MR. DENNISON, M.P., IiOR WEST SURREY.—
The Honourable Member is slowly recocring from a se-
vere attack of the gout, at Matlock, in I)erliythire, where
he has been for some weeks residing. The Marquis
Conyngham does not leave town to visit his Honourable
relative, all dangerous symptoms having auWided.
The christening of the young; Viscount Hamilton,
son and heir of the Marquis of Lercorn, has been post-
poned until after Christmas, owing to the late bereavement
in the family of the Duke of Bedford,

CORN-LA W FALLACIES, WITH THE

ANSWERS.

(Continued from The Sun of Wednesday.)

306.—0 n the necessity of energetic Exertions for the Pro-
tection of Agriculture.—There never was a country placed
in a more critical situation, than the united kingdoms of Great
Britain and Ireland, are at the present moment.

Those principles, by an adherence to which, the British
empire rose to a height of prosperity and power altogether
unprecedented in history, are in a great measure lost sight of;
and new maxims are promulgated, which, if adopted, must
inevitably terminate in its destruction.

The national prosperity was founded on the cultivation and
improvement of an extensive territory, containing in all about
seventy-three millions of acres, producing all the necessaries,
most of the more essential requisites, and many of the luxuries
of life, while it furnished at the same time occupation and sub-
sistence to some millions of a most valuable description of
persons, who directed their attention to the improvement of
the soil, and spent their lives in carrying on its cultivation.—
On the Corn Laws. From " The Code of Agriculture," by
the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart. Addenda, No. xi,.
—[Continued.]

ANSWER.—The question is whether the British empire
was powerful by virtue of those principles, or in spite of
them. The national prosperity was founded on possessing
the necessaries, the more essential requisites, and the luxu-
ries of life, and on the occupation and subsistence arising to
all classes thereby ; but it was not founded on obtaining
these from the seventy-three millions of acres when they
could better have been obtained elsewhere, nor on obtaining
what could be had from the seventy-three millions of acres
when twice as much could have been obtained somewhere
else.

307.—1 n 1831-2, a calculation was made by a laborious
and intelligent author, ( William Marshall Esq), who has de-
voted himself to statistical investigations, and who possesses
peculiar advantages for making ,such inquiries, from which it
appears, that the inhabitants of Great Britain may be divided,
by the occupations they respectively pursued, into the follow-
ing classes :

Analysis of tlw Occupations in the Population of Grea,
Britain in 1831-2.

Families.

Families.

1,050,0001

1. Agricultural occupiers
2. Labourers in husbandry BOO,OOO j
( Average of each family 6)
3. Mining labourers (average 5) .
4. Millers, bakers, butchers (average 5) ...
5. Artificers, builders (average 5)
6. Manufacturers (average 6)
7. Handicraftsmen, tailors, and shoemakers
(average 6)
S. Merchants and dealers (average 6)
9. Seamen (average 3)
0. Professional services, legal, medical, and
clerical (average 5)
.. 90,000
I. Disabled paupers (individuals)
2. Annuitants and proprietors (average 4) 500,000

120,000
200,000
130,000
400,000

80,000
330,000
250,000

Total, Great Britain 4,370,000
Total, Ireland

Total, United Kingdom.

Persons.

6,300,000

600,000
1,000,000
650,000
11,400,000

1,080,000
2,100,000
750,000

450.000
1,100,000
,000,000

18,430,000
7,600,000

26,030,000

In such calculations, regarding matters subject to perpetual
fluctuations, minute accuracy is not to be expected. All that
can be looked for is an approximation to truth. It is ?vident
however, that the manufacturing classes, when compared to
the agricultural, form but a small portion of the community;
yet, in consequence of their living contiguous to each other,
their being easily assembled, having active and interested
leaders to manage their concerns, and being disposed to act
in unison, they have acquired a degree of importance in the
state, to which they have no just pretensions.-Id.

A.—Examine the pretensions of the agriculturists, even
as the statement stands.

1 and '2. The agricultural occupiers and labourers in
Great Britain, are stated at 6,300,000 persons ; having
that apparent interest in a continuance of the Corn-laws,
which arises from the mass of occupation for their callings
being increased, and that substantial interest in a removal,
which arises from their being all on the high road to men-
dicity together, in consequence of the competition enforced
upon them by the limitation of the general industry of the
community. But let this pass, and them all be taken as
persons who would vote for the continuance of the Corn-
laws.

3. The mining labourers and proprietors have a direct
interest in their produce being sold abroad, to those who
would give two bushels in return, instead of those who would
give one.

4. The millers, bakers, butchers, are interested in the
quantity of flour and beef the community is to consume,
but not at all in the quarter from which it comes, still less
in a smaller quantity from one quarter being consumed, in-
stead of a greater from another.

5. The artificers and builders are interested in building
as many houses as they can ; and have not the smallest in-
terest in building one house for the landed interest, instead
of two for the commercial.

6. The manufacturers have a first-class interest agains
e restriction of foreign trade.

7. The handicrafts—men, tailors, and shoemakers, are in-
terested in working for the greatest population they can ;
and have not the smallest interest in working for the
population that can be kept on the corn of an island, when
they might work for those who could be kept on the corn
of the continent besides. To represent those who are at
present engaged on the persons of the agriculturists, as
interested thereby in the continuance of the Corn-laws, is a
fallacy. Try them ; and they will be faithless the moment
two manufacturers come for shoes instead of one agricul-
turist.

8. The merchants and dealers have a first-class interest
in the opening of commerce. Not a man of them will stick
to the agriculturists for love, or refuse to turn over two
stocks, from gratitude to those who have hitherto limited
him to one.
9. The seamen have a first-class interest of the same
kind. It would be absurd to expect to see them refusing.
to man two new ships, because, say they, they have been
used to man one old.

10. The professional men have a general interest in
serving the increased population instead of the limited.
Lawsuits must be in proportion to the number there are to
quarrel, and the amount they have to quarrel for. Tho
cure of bodies and of souls, must be important in propor-
tion to the quantity of subjects on which they arc to be
exercised.

11. The disabled paupers have no interest in the con-
tinuance of the system by which they were pauperised. On
the contrary, its removal must at all events tend to make
society support them with less reluctance.

. ..
12. The annuitants and owners of property in general,
must be interested in what shall make the necessaries of life
plentiful and cheap, and not what shall make them scarce
and dear.

On the naked statement set out with, therefore, there
are 6,300,000 persons in Great Britain, having a lame, im-
perfect, and imaginary interest in the continuance of the
Corn-laws, and 12,430,000 persons having a substantial,
undoubted, and home-felt interest of various degrees of
strength, in their removal.
If Ireland is to be taken into the account, it is impossible
to concede that the 7 or 8 millions of Irish have any more of
aggregate interest in the Corn-laws than their brethren of
Great Britain. The Irish agricultural labourer is notoriously
driven by competition to starve upon potatoes ; and the
wonderment of the innocent public that he gets none of
the corn and beef which he creates, is just as reasonable as
to admire that the man who turns a wheel for the great
jewellers on Ludgate-hill, wears neither rubies nor diamonds
for his pains. If Ireland had a separate legislature and
could abolish Corn-laws (which would be one of the
last consequences likely to arise from such a separation),
her manufactures might take a large sweep upon the Con-
tinent, and commercial martyrs would flock with their ca-
pital from Great Britain, for the sake of liberty of trade.
But till these two points are carried, the best chance for
improving the condition of the Irish population, is probably
in the demand for muscle which would be the result of the
British islands being opened to foreign commerce, joined to
the share which Ireland might reasonably expect to have
at home, in the benefits of such a consummation.

308. —But the persons who are at the bottom of this mis-
chievous cry for a change in our Cora-laws, who demand cheap
corn, and who deceive the public by the most artful misrepre-
sentations of the advantages to be derived from foreign impor-
tation, are, " the dealers in foreign corn," and in particular
those who are employed to sell that article on commission. It
is they wit° insist on the repeal of all laws favourable to do-
mestic growth, and demand, that full liberty shall be given,
for the importation of grain, without any restraint whatever,
and from every country in the universe.
Such doctrines cannot be too loudly reprobated. —ld.
A.—The dealers in foreign corn have as much right to
demand security in their trade, as dealers in home-grown,
so long as they propose no robbery on the community as the
means. And the community win be on their side,
(TO BE CONTINUED.)

Great complaints have, during the last
five or six
(lays, been made by persons travelling on the Great
Western Railway, in consequence of various delas in
the arrival of the tralps. t.atelv thp engiaP bringing
up the early train from Maidenhead got off the line, and
did not regg
h Paadington until an hour after Its proper
time ; and on the same pvpping the Thander ctigiP9'
which
was to have taken the six oclOck train to town, while
cornip:: from the engine-house at Alaidenhead, also got off
the line, an 4 IWus !.i1j41310 I=R proceed, The Venus PngiP,°
was then attached tp thp train, Which proceede4 tpwaras
town. On the arrival' of the North Star engine
with the
seven, o?,olprlr train at Slough, they however found the six
o'clock train had beep pliable tp proceed further for the
want of steam ; and the enginecrts'of the North Star were
under the necessity of propelling the Venus with her train
to Paddington, where they both arrived shortly before
pine o'clock.