The Sun.
London, England, 1853-04-21 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 21, 1853.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

MALTA, APRIL 12.

Since my last nothing has transpired of any particular
importance. The fleet is still in port, but the Admiral
expects to receive orders by the mail, to-morrow due, to
put to sea.
On Saturday next, a little steam-fleet, under com-
mand of Captain Drummond, of the Retribution, is to
put to sea, to look for a rock, supposed to exist 90 miles
due cast of the island. This supposed danger• is a bug-
bear that has•hightened every Commander-in-Chief who
arrives here. It has been sought after time and again,
dragged for, and, indeed, has occupied so much time in
the search as to make it all but certain that the danger
is ideal. Copeland, Graves, Brock, and Spratt, in their
surveys have never been near, but have endeavoured to
find it ; private expeditions with the same -yiew_have
been made, but because a Greek pilot says he has stood
on it, a vast suni of money is to be expended in a search
which will in all probability prove useless.

PORTSMOUTH, APRIL 20.

The Conflict steam-sloop proceeded out of harbour
this morning to try her engines by the measured mile in
Stoke's-bay, which answered admirably. She came into
harbour at noon, and to-morrow will take in coals and
ballast ready for service.
The Sidon steam-frigate, Captain Cann, was towed out
of the basin to Spithead to-day, for the purpose, it is
said, of exercising her seamen while a new shaft is being
made for her.
The Mercury cutter, Lieutenant Freeland, sailed last
evening to resume her station, cruising about the Channel
Islands. -

PLYMOUTH, Arm, 20.

Her Majesty's screw steam-block-ship Sanspareil, Cap-
tain S. Dacres, left the Sound yesterday afternoon for a
cruise in the Channel, to try her machinery.
The brig Wizard was placed in dock yesterday to have
her defects made good.
A court-martial assembled yesterday on board the Im-
pregnable, Captain Lowe, to try John Reed, able sea-
man, John Boate, Walter Williams, and John Wisher,
ordinary seamen, belonging to the Sanspareil, 71, Cap-
tain Dacres, for desertion, John Reed on the 24th of
March, and the other three on the 23d of March, 1853.
The court was composed of 11 post captains, of which
Amar Lowry Corry, Rear-Admiral of the Blue, was pre-
sident. The prisoners pleaded guilty to the charge, and
the Court adjudged them to be respectively imprisoned
in the Devon county gaol for the space of six calendar
months.

A letter from the Linnet, 8, Commander Henry Need,
dated at sea, March 20, says :—" Last Friday week we
were ordered from Sierra Leone, by the Governor, to a
place called Mondingo, distant about 30 miles, to liberate
three men who had gone there to work as coopers, but
had been detained by the King as slaves. We left our
ship at Sierra Leone, having embarked in the boats, and
proceeded, at 4 o'clock in the morning, to Mondingo, in
tow of the Teazer steamer. Having arrived, we landed
at eight, and a portion of us proceeded, with the com-
mander, to the residence of the King, which is situated
in the middle of the town. On our arrival at the joss-
house our commander read a letter from the Governor
of Sierra Leone, during which time a chief came out and
made a singular noise, which we did not understand,
when a great number of men appeared in front of us,
under arms, ready to attack us. In consequence of what
took place we returned to the boats, and, with the
Tenzer, threw in some shot and shell upon the town,
which appeared to have some effect. We again landed
with a stronger force, and with our muskets loaded with
ball cartridge, and having ascended a cliff nearly 60 feet
high, proceeded on our errand, and succeeded in releas-
ing two of the men, and capturing a chief."
A brig-rigged paddle-wheel man-of-war was observed
off the Start this morning, at 2 o'clock, going down
Channel under steam only, and showing a white light on
her main-topgailan tm ast- head.

A bark--rigged paddle-wheel merchant-steamer, all
black, was seen at 5 o'clock this morning, three leagues
south of the Bolt, going up Channel, crowded with
canvas, and having the wind from N.N.W.

SHEERNESS, APRIL 19.
The Amphion, 34 guns, screw steam-frigate, Captain
Chas. G. E. Patey.—The crew of this frigate have been
paid advance to-day, and orders have been received for
her to proceed to Devonport, there to await further
orders for her future destination. She has been in-
spected by Captain-Superintendent Charles Hope, Mr.
Jonathan Aylen, master-attendant, and Mr. Samuel
Read, master-shipwright, as to her complete fitment
previous to leaving port (underadmirdity,iFulations),
She will leave to-morrow morning.
The Horatio, 24 guns, screw steam guard-ship, Capt.
the Hon. S. T. Carnegie.--The sentence of the court-
martial, held yesterday, on Gibson, has not yet been
carried into effect. It is reported that, in consequence
of the defence set up by Gibson, the Admiralty will be
consulted previously to his receiving his four dozen
lashes. Gibson's defence, in substance was, that on'
volunteering for the service at the rendezvous on Tower
Hill for volunteers for the Royal Navy, he represented
himself as being a sailmaker, and that he had sailed as
mate of a ship in the merchant-service, and there pro-
duced testimonials as to character from his former
employers, all of which gave him a most excellent cha-
racter ; that he was there informed he might depend on
getting a petty-officer's rating if he proved himself what
his testimonials stated him to be. He, on such a pro-
mise, was tempted to volunteer. He joined the Horatio
here, and, after doing duty as second sailmaker for some
time, he waited on the first-lieutenant of the Horatio,
and stated what he was promised -on volunteering. He
received an evasive answer, and was ordered to his duty.
This continued for a further space of time, when- he
ascertained that another man, for whom he was doing

the duty, had obtained the rating prothised him when he
volunteered. Upon fully ascertaining this fact, he again
appealed to the first-lieutenant, and asked him the favour
of being permitted to lay his case before Capt. the Hon.
S. T. Carnegie, in command of the Horatio, He (Gib-
son) stated that he received a very harsh reply from the
first-lieutenant, and was threatened by him, if he did so,
that he (the first-lieutenant) would do all in his power to
get him three dozen lashes. This reply so thoroughly set
him against the service, that from that time he deter-
mined to " run," the first opportunity he had, and
having done so entirely from disappointment of
the - pledge made to him when he volunteered, he
begged to throw himself on= the mercy of the Court.
The master (Mr. Vincent Williams) of the Horatio pro-
secuted, Captain the Hon. S. T. Carnegie being a mem-
ber of the Court. Captain the Hon. Montagu Stopford,
of the Waterloo, presided.
The Royal Albert, 120 guns, screw steam-ship, is now
nearly ready for being launched at Woolwich. Orders
have been received here to prepare for the reception and
fitment of this ship, and all available power is to be put
on to get her iron work, masts, spars, sails, &c., ready
for her immediate equipment.
The Cuckoo, 2, paddle-wheel steam-vessel, in com-
mand, pro. tem., of Lieut. Grant (the fourth lieutenant
of the Waterloo), will leave here to-morrow for the river
Thames for duty—searching outward-bound ships for
deserters from the navy.
The Lizard, iron paddle-wheel steam-vessel, is also
ordered to prepare for similar service with the Cuckoo
in the river Thames.

The Driver, 6, paddlewheel steam-sloop, in present
command of Mr. C. Fox, master, has been sending up
topgallant-masts, reeving running gear, and getting
ready for departure. She proceeds on similar service to
the Cuckoo and Lixard. Her destination will be to the
different principal merchant outports.
The Cyclops, 6, paddlewheel steam-frigate, in com-
mand, pro tem., of the first lieutenant of the Horatio.—
Two of the engineers serving on board this frigate have,
in consequence of some misunderstanding between them
and the aforesaid lieutenant in command, pro tem., de-
manded and obtained their discharge from her Majesty's
service.

WOOLWICH, APRIL 20.
APPOINTMENTS.

Clerk in Charge—Charles C. Ick, to the Columbia,
steam-vessel, on the North America and the West Indies

station.

______.
Masters'-Assistants--B. C. Hitchcock, to the Duke
of Wellington, 131, screw steam-ship, at Portsmouth ;
S. N. Browne, to the Star, 8, brig, at Chatham..
Rear-Admiral Houston Stewart, C. 8., will hoist his
flag (blue) at the mizen on board the Fisgard, flag-ship,
at Woolwich, on his appointment to be Admiral-Super-
intendent at Malta, vice Rear-Admiral Harvey, whose
period of superintendence there has expired. Commodore
Henry Eden, Superintendent at Woolwich Dockyard,
will hoist his pendant on board the Black Eagle, steam-
vessel, temporarily, until Rear-Admiral Stewart leaves
for Malta.

easy feeling that prevails- throughout the fleet, and the
causes which have engendered, and is still producing,
the worst effects, and which, if not allayed, will denude
the fleet of our best seamen, and drive from England
thousands of her most loyal and devoted subjects. We
have done our duty, and upon Sir James Graham and
his colleagues he the consequence of futile orders, delay,
or indifference.

In the first place, their lordships, and especially Rear-
Admiral Berkeley, would do well to pay a little atten-
tion to the following from our Portsmouth correspon-
dent :--

"PORTSMOUTH, Wednesday.
" Sidon, 22, Captain Ceorge Goldsmith, went out of
harbour this morning, in tow of the Echo, steam-tug, and
brought up at Spithead. Reports are very rife that she
was taken to Spithead to prevent her men deserting. We
are painfully aware of facts, that, unless a statement bo
speedily published to assure the able seamen of better pay
and better treatment, we shall not have a ship fit for active
service in case of emergeniy.
"Are the Lords of the Admiralty blind, or are they in
.ignorance of the 'volcano' that may burst forth, when too
late to stay the fearful consequences ? Do they for get the
mutiny at the Nore I -We tell their lordships, that what
may be accepted now as a boon, and an act of justice to A.'
B.'s, will before long be treated with derision. We re-
gret to state that there are many sea lo.wyery pouring
subtle poison into the too open ears of the British sailor.
We pray of them to be wise in time: -We have opportu-
nities enough of going among* the men at their rendez-
vous ; we make it our business to do so ; we hear their
just complaints, and we know the fire that is smouldering
will burst out in a flame that will not easily be quenched.
We speak advisably, but we speak in truthfulness for
' our emmtres sake.' "
Now, the.Sidgea is contmariti6/I+y one of the best
officers in the service, and we believe the men on board
receive the very best treatment, and yet she cannot be
trusted nearer the shore than pithead, where all leave
is stopped.
Secondly, we may give their lordships an extract from
a letter, written by a seaman of her Majesty's ship
Queen, 116, in Plymouth Sound—one of a class that a
certain Lord of the Admiralty most humanely awarded
the punishment of four dozen lashes for writing a letter
to a newspaper—" If he could only catch him." The
letter is published in the Plymouth Mail :
"Foretop, her Majesty's ship Qaeen, April 13,1853.
" Having seen some good remarks in your paper, I have
taken the liberty of giving you a bit of a yarn from the
foretop of the Queen, the finest ship in the navy, or in the
world. It appears that the Lords of the Admiralty have
at last come to the conclusion, that if we are to heave
a-head in manning the navy, they must increase the pay;
but Jack does not altogether look at money, but the treat-
ment. Here we have been guarding Plymouth Breakwater
for the last ten months, just in sight of our own chimneys,
where those live whom we hold most dear in this world ;
yet, with the exception of about once a month, a look at
them has had to satisfy us. Why, Mr. Editor, I have a
wife and two children, and have not been ashore often
enough for either of the young ones to know their own
father. But in addition to this, we have not been allowed
during the whole winter to take our clothes ashore for our
wives to wash for us, but have been compelled to wash
them ourselves with the ice on the water. Now this is
simply because it suits one man's will ; to what an extent
this is carried may be seen from the fact—l myself
witnessed it—that a man, and a good man too, was
punished severely because he put his dirty shirt over
the clean ono to take it ashore to be washed. His
good-conduct badge was taken from him, though he had
to work hard and keep himself from disgrace for five years
to obtain it. The writer of this has been to New
Orleans, and has been frequently in actions with slavers,
and witnessed many curious sights, and the cruelties
which Englishmen are trying to abolish, but these
kind-hearted people should look into the dark corners
•f the navy, even in the ships lying at the home ports. It
was not long since a marine named received 48
lashes, and after punishment was placed on the poop of a
three-decker from half-past seven ii the morning until sun-
set, for stealing two table spoons full of sugar under his
charge while sentry. Ido not mean to say that he did not
deserve punishment for the theft, small as was the value,
certainly not a halfpenny, but where is the slaveholder
who would inflict such a punishment for such a crime?
Much has been said of Stapleton's case ; but this poor devil
had no friend, and therefore was compelled to grin and
bear the double pumishment. Is this the way to man
the navy? Again, look at our pound of bread and our
beef. Ask any man who has weathered Cape Horn or the
Cape of Good Hope if he has not felt the southerly wind
in the bread-bags. Next comes one pound, as they call it,
of beef. I call it bones ; for first comes the captain's
steward—he wants a nice bit ; then comes the ward-
room, then the gun-room ; after these the warrants, and
a number of other ' one man's messes ;' after all poor
Jack, like the dogs, comes in for the bones. Perhaps
their lordships think because they see the amount of our
savings, that our provisions are sufficient. But, if so,
they are mistaken. The savings are easily accounted for.
Now, I served last on the South American station, where
the hips' company paid a penny a day each for flour.
..T.aaak.at our breakfast, and recollect the sailor has to work
eight hours out of the night, as well as the day. After
these eight hours' work, he gets one pint of cocoa and the
small pound of biscuit, which in a hot climate you may
blow from you like chaff before the wind. These are the
grievances we want remedied. Then, again, sir, in making
appointments, the Admiralty should look well into the
logs of the ships in which captains held their last appoint-
ments, and keep such officers in employ as can rule
without so much arbitrary punishment, and send upon
half-pay those who are afloat, who are known as tyrants.
All the sailors want, is to be treated like men. Then
they will do their work as such, and stand to the flag to
the last ; but while they are treated worsa than the dogs
that drag the hawker's cart from village to village, how
can the Admiralty expect any other than so many deser-
tions? Captain Griffiths says, that irons should only be
used on the man who is riotous from drunkenness ; but we
all know that they are used in some ships for the most
frivolous offences. A man named --- was put in irons be-
cause he had a cap on instead of a hat while washing decks.
These are the acts of tyranny we have to complain of.
Here is the Queen, a very fine ship no doubt, ordered to
complete her complement to 970, and in three weeks we
have entered three able seamen, and a few grave-diggers
and navvies, and to catch these a lieutenant, the master-at-
arms, and a boatswain's mate have been living ashore for
three weeks. Now, this is the way to spend John Bull's
money.
" I hope, sir, you will make the best of this yarn, as
you see I am no scholar to write for newspapers, but I will
let you into more secrets next week, and tell you how the
navy is to be manned. I have been 10 years in the service,
but once I get my discharge again, I must go where thou-
sands of sterling fellows have gone before me, where I can
get better treatment."
Thirdly. Here is another warning, not only to the
Admiralty, but to Mr. Cardwell, who is about to peril
the best defence of the country by abrogating the
" manning clause" in our navigation laws which pro-
tects the labour of the British seaman. It is also from
the Plymouth Mail :

" It appears that commissions are to be open to common
seamen, and that men are to be entered for ten years ;
there is likewise something about 6d. a day half-pay, but
how this is to be given, or for what purpose, I cannot tell.
But this I can tell, that if Sir James Graham thinks he is
going to gull us with such copper-gilt promises he is
terribly mistaken. We have had promises enough already;
not all the Board of Admiralty will be able to make us
swallow another. We may yet see that gentleman, or
those whom he may appoint, beating the streets for the
seaman he so despises to beat the Russians back into the
Black Sea ; and he may call in vain, for the seaman have
gone to raise an empire of their own' in the South. Surely,
sir, we are children of another empire ; we cannot have
part in the British empire. Only look at the articles of
war ! For every offence the sailor may be
guilty of the
punishment is death or something worse ; and the last
sweeping article gives the captain the power to torture us as
he pleases, so long as it is the law and custom in such cases
used at sea. What will Sir James Graham ssy if the seamen
appoint a committee of their own, and revise the whole system
of naval law, knocking a few of the sudden deaths out of the
articles of war, and by adding a few more that will force
them to open court-martial rooms to the reporters of the
press, so that the public may see how their servants are
treated. Sir, we can do all this, and wo can show the
First Lord of the Admiralty' how to 'put it all into opera-
tion in a week. We are quite willing to fight our country's
battles for a fair remuneration and just treatment ; we get
neither, and you may depend that we will not submit to
treatment worse than the American slave. ' Uncle Tom's
Cabin' would be thrown into the shade if the trials and
punishments on board of one of her Majesty's ships were
sent to the press; but who cares for us, we are children of
another clime."

We repeat our Portsmouth correspondent's warning
to "be wise in time." There are now no "Fielden's
gangs" in the navy. "Gaol birds" are scarce. Our
fleet is manned with intelligent seamen, and it is not an
unusual sight now to witness on the lower deck of a
man-of-war a profusion of newspapers and magazines.
The seamen of the present day have some idea of comfort
goodawnedllasof
treatment,
htihlleingyks and pence ; and the new the value of liberty as
Admi-
ralty may depend upon it that if something be not
speedily done they will have every ship in the fleet fol-
lowing the example of her Majesty's ship Vulcan, Corn-
mander Von Donop, now at Portsmouth, the crew of
which, we hear, have signed a "round robin" demand-
ing their pay and having reference to their stoppage of
leave both in Australia and in England.—Morning
Herald.

NAVAL COURTS-MARTIAL.—INCONSISTENCY OF NAVAL
LAW.—Two courts-martial have been held this week on
men for desertion. ' At Sheerness, one of the sailmakers'
crew of the Horatio, named Gibson, was tried for de.
sertion, was found guilty, and was sentenced to receive
four dozen lashes,. the highest amount of corporal pun-
ishment that can be inflicted, and to be mulcted of all
his wages. At Devonport, on the following day, four
deserters from the Sanspareil, named Williams, Reid,
Rothers, and Bolt, were tried by Captains Seymour,
Nias, Mitchell, Lowe, Hutton, Ramsay, and King, and
were all found guilty, and each was sentenced to six
months' tn prison Inca. —lfera!d.

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THE BUDGET.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
(Front the Morning Herald.)
The burst bubble is the Budget of All the
Talents ; and it is a monstrous compound of im-
pudence, conceit, financial fallacy, and ignorance
of the sense "and spirit of the country. If ever the
sense and spirit of the country unequivocally and
deliberately condemned any measure, and the
spirit of the country determined that its condem-
nation should be carried into effect, it is that which
taxes equally the fixed and precarious income.
Forsooth ! at the bidding of Mr. Gladstone, the
nation is, ?totem voles s, to continue with the mill-
stone round its neck for ten years longer, at least ;
and . that same Mr. Gladstone is the disciple of
him, who in originally proposing this iniquitous
tax, told us that it was only temporary, but
secretly assured his correspondent at Elbing that
it was meant to be permanent ! The sophistical
tortuosities of Mr. Gladstone, however, will not
avail him. The victims of Schedules
.D will not
groan on for ten years longer under a yoke their
fathers were unable to bear.

But not only is this to be endured, but its bless-
ings are to be extended to those who continue to
earn only 1001. a year ! Here is a vast class of
persons suddenly subjected to the yoke of cruel and
unjust taxation, when they are notoriously wearing
out their lives in the effort merely to keep their
hale sibovswater 1 And, again, the tax is to be
extended to Ireland.

Why is all this to be done ? Why are the deli-
berate convictions of the nation to be coolly set at
defiance ? We believe in our consciences that Mr.
Gladstone is firmly bent on making the income tax
permanent, if it were in his power, just as his
Machiavellian master was before him ; and that,
were such an absurdity possible as that he should
be Finance Minister at the end of ten years, he
would again,.in a five hours' speech, demonstrate,
after his fashion of demonstration, that the tax had
effected so much good that he would advise the
country to make it permanent ! The whole budget
is based upon thimble-rigging and spoliation. It
is a series of compromises and competing imposi-
tions and relaxations of taxes, for the purpose of
neutralising opposition and buying support. But
of all the audacious manoeuvres with this object,
commend us to the barefaced removal of the
supplemental stamp on newspapers—as one of our
Tuesday's contemporaries properly designated
it—" a huge gift to the Times !" Mr. Cobden saw
this at a glance, and sarcastically asked Mr. Glad-
stone, who gave no answer, whether " he was not
aware that the Times was the only paper that
issued supplements filled with advertisements ?"
And see the result ! The Times comes out as a
thick-and-thin supporter of the budget which gives
the lie to the arguings and statements of the Times
itself for the last seven years as to the injustice of
taxing fixed and precarious incomes. And this
buying and selling of political support is a sample
of the public morality by which the Government—
now doomed—is actuated.
We shall of course return to this subject till the
Ministry and their budget have followed the twin
fates of rejection and expulsion ; but in the mean-
time once again repeat, that this enormous experi-
ment on the forbearance of the country will insure
consequences not at present dreamed of by its glib
and unctuous performer.

(Dail✓ News.)

. _
On the general wisdom of Mr. Gladstone's Cus-
tom scheme there can scarcely be two opinions.
Ours has already been given. To lead off the
statement, we have an alphabetical list of 116 arti-
cles now charged with duty, and hereafter proposed
to be admitted free. This rescue of more than a
hundred things from the claws of the Custom-
house officer will cost only 52,5941. a year ; whilst
in the list we have a number of articles the free
import of which will be highly beneficial in vari-
ous ways.
After Customs we have its brother impost the
Excise, under which is given in formal shape the
change to be affected in licenses. These changes
will affect all dealers in coffee, tobacco, and snuff—
in other words, all grocers, chandlers'-shop-keepers
and cigar shops. The new duties aro to be levied
upon the principle of letting off the humble shop-
keeper more lightly than his wealthier rival.
Hereafter a 101. housekeeper is to have a licence to
sell coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate, and pepper, for
11s. 6d. a year, but for every pound additional
rent lie is to pay Is. additional license duty. Thus
the chandler's shop in a back street in Whitechapel
or Bow may have to pay ono pound a year for
license to sell tea in pennyworths, whilst the great
dealers in King William-street or the Strand pay-
ing their 2001. or 3001. a year rent, will have to
pay 101. or 151. a year for leave to carry on their
larger and more lucrative trades. The same prin-
ciple of heavier license fee for larger trades is ap-
plied to dealers in tobacco, manufacturers of to-
bacco, maltsters, brewers, and soapmakers—for
whilst the duty is taken off soap the makers of that
help to cleanliness are to take out licenses as here-
tofore.

The post-horse, servant, and carriage taxes come
next. When the horse and carriage duties were
imposed the whole faSt communication of the
country was conducted by stage coaches and post
horses. At the same period it was part of the
essential state of every nobleman and landed squire
to drive at least four horses with outriders. In
towns every family that kept a carriage had at least
two horses. A few years ago, any attempt at a
close carriage drawn by one horse was looked upon
as something lamentably mean and contemptible.
To drive up to a house of fashion in a hackney
coach was an insult. What a change has occurred.
The railways have abolished posting on the main
lines of road. For instance, on the Midland race-
courses, where, twenty years ago, scores of car-
riages with four horses in hand, or with postilions
in private liveries, were to be seen, now only one
or two specimens of bygone equipage recal what
used to be the custom in such matters.

The vices of the present system, with which Mr.
Gladstone proposes to deal, are two-fold. First,
the taxes are cumulative ; and, secondly, they are
defeated at every turn by exemptions. The cumu-
lative scale was originally adopted on the principle
of a sumptuary law. It was thought fair to the
poor to tax carriages used by the rich, for the pub-
lic did not then understand that such taxes, after
all, fall chiefly on the class from whom men
servants are selected—by whom carriages are
built—and horses are bred, and fed, and shod. Ac-
cording to the present system, the more carriages a
man keeps the higher the tax he pays on each, thus
rising, by regular steps, from 1/. 4s. for one ser-
vant, to 31.165. for each of twelve servants. From
61. for one four-wheeled carriage, to 91. is. 6d. for
each of nine carriages. And from 11. Bs. for one
horse, to 31. Os. 9d. each for those who indulge