The Sun.
London, England, 1854-07-21 00:00:00

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in military matters, and though they occupies' some
of the finest and most cultivable districts of the world,
yet their farming processes and implements did
not exhibit much resemblance to those which were to be
seen in the show-yards of Lincoln, and he believed had
undergone very little change since the days of the poet
Homer. (Cheers and laughter.) But he
felt that they
ought not to despond on that account, for it did happen
to him in a very extensive farm, being brought into cul-
tivation by a most enlightened and excellent English
Consul, Mr. Calvert, with his own eyes to see on the
classic plains of Troy implement inscribed with the re-
spective names of Garrett of Saxmundham, and Croskill
of Beverley. (Cheers.) He believed that this was the real
solution of the Eastern question, of which they heard so
much, and that neither our fleets, however well manned,
nor our armies, however valorous, nor our diplomatists,
however skilful, could do so much as the plough, the
spade, and the draining tile to revive exhausted provinces,
and to recruit a failing population. Very gratifying
indeed was the spectacle presented in the show ground
at Lincoln, as compared with some of the scenes which
he had lately witnessed. (Hear.) They all knew, and
they had been reminded that day, that they were at pre-
sent in a state of war, and true it was that_ the coast of
that-very .
county of Lincoln might have to bear the
first brunt of a Russian invasion. Indeed, he had
been informed that the enemy had been detected fn
the harbour of Grimsby. (Laughter.) However, he .
trusted that the English and French Baltic fleets would
preserve
he n
could fromthemo tsay that antygt they werereatannoy now assembledanceonthatsre,
andat
Lincoln with anything like the appearance of a war
congress. (Cheers.) Those fat loamy flats and sunny
slopes which surrounded them need not fear being ex•
posed to the angry tread of an armed invader. The
cattle which now filled the show—the sleek short-horn,
the brawny Hereford, -and fleecy flocks, ran no risk of
falling the prey of hungry Cossacks or fierce Bashi-
Bazouks, and, though all knew the implements of
husbandry exhibited—the reaping-machines and clod-
crushers—could cleave knotty obstacles and make sharp
incisions, their action was not followed by blood, and
no tears bedewed the furrow. (Cheers.) He was right,
then, in thinking that the sight in the field around
them was a very pleasant one, both in actual con-
trast with the spectacle exhibited elsewhere, and as exhi-
biting a proof that though the nations might still be oc-
casionally plunged into strife and discord, yet the ten-
dency of the times was to foster and promote the arts
and pursuits that followed in the wake of peace, and
extend the triumphs of civilisation. (Cheers.) It would
not become him to debate on all the merits of the pre-
sent exhibition. He heard it most highly spoken of by
the best-informed judges, and it would even require the
ingenuity which was displayed in that new machine, the
dynanometer, to measure the degree of excellence to
which it had reached. (Cheers and laughter.) There
was one reason which made him glad that he was
on the present occasion the organ, however, un-
worthy, of wishing success to the Royal Agricultural
Society. He had learnt that the place appointed for
its next year's meeting was the city of Carlisle. (Loud
cheers.) Though in many respects the county of
Cumberland could not,—as, indeed, what county could !
—he had almost said what corner of the globe could
farmer —presentw equal t
ht h
ocountyattractions
of Lithoo
otlhe cri
tical eye
s of
almost
un-
broken he
continuation of rustling corn and glistening
green crops—(cheers)—though the county of Cumber-
land exhibits over a large proportion of its surface only
such untamable crops as heath and granite, yet as it
had some specialities in its scenery, there might be some
also in its modes of cultivation not wholly undeserving
of notice, and its agriculturists might have something
to show as well as much to learn. (Cheers.) At all
events, of one thing he could assure them —that the
Royal Agricultural Society could nowhere have received
a more hearty warmth of welcome than, he was per-
suaded, would greet it along the whole line of the
northern border, and within the walls of merry Carlisle.
(Cheers.) He d now only to add his hope that in what-
ever track the future progress of the Royal Agricultu-
ral Society might conduct it over the breadth of fair
and prosperous England, it might in every county im-
part and receive fresh impulses towards the improve-
ment and perfection of that noble science of agricul-
ture, which perhaps was the most ancient and indispens-
able of all the pursuits that ministered to the welfare
and insured the continuance of our race. (Cheers.)
Hoping that they would receive the toast as he should
wish, he begged leave to propose " The Royal Agricul-
tural Society of England." (Loud cheers.)
The Earl of YARYOROUGH proposed, in highly com-
plimentary terms, the " Health of Mr. Pusey, the Pre-
sident of the Society," referring to the important ser-
vices which he had rendered the society, to the ability
with which he had conducted its journal, and to the
leading part which he had taken in establishing the re-
putation of Lincolnshire farming.
The toast having been drunk with loud cheers, and
acknowledged by the CHAIRMAN,
The Earl of HARROWBY gave, as a sentiment in which
all would nowadays concur, "Agriculture, Manufac-
tures, and Commerce."

The health of the public-spirited Mayor of Lincoln,
Mr. Tweed, was then proposed by Sir JOHN JOHNSTON,
cordially received by the company, and duly responded
to by his worship.
Mr. THOMPSON, of Kirby-hall, gave " The Labouring
Classes," and Sir JOHN SHELLEY " the Agricultural
Societies throughout the World."

The Earl et- MlNSFlELDacknowledgei the latter
toast, speaking especially on behalf of the Highland
Agricultural Society of Scotland, the oldest of these
bodies, and to the approaching country meeting, to
which he gave the company a general invitation.
The Hon. A. L. Meevieug proposed the health of
Mr. Miles, M.P., the president elect, who, according to
custom, occupied the vice-chair.
Mr. MILES, after returning thanks, gave the health
!of the chairman.
Mr. WREN I:rosin-Ns had assigned to him the last
toast in the list, "The Railway Companies, and thanks
,to them for their co operation in promoting the objects
of the society." Having little to say upon this subject,
for the sufficient reason that the leading railway com-
panies here—the Great Northern especially—have given
the society little or no co-operation, the speaker branched
off to the question of steam as applied to agriculture, on
which he made the following valuable observations :
Indebted, he said, as they were to the steam-engine on
the rail for their country meetinge, it was only necessary
to enter the trial-yard during the past week to witness .
the most brilliant illustration of what it could accom-
plish more directly for agriculture, in the shape of
nearly 60 steam-engines, among which, without the
aid of the dynanometer, it would have been no easy
task to award the palm of merit. When he spoke of
what the steam-engine had already done, he found
it hard to resist the hope, authorised by a premium of
the society, that this useful power, which had now long
bee applied to almost every other branch of human art
and industry, and latterly to so many agricultural pro-
cesses, might yet, make one step more, and lend its aid
to the actual task of cultivation itself. But he would
take the opportunity of expressing his belief, not formed
on slight grounds or short consideration, that this step will
not be accomplished by crude and hasty attempts to
plough, nor yet to dig—no, nor yet to " fork" by steam-
power. Neither ploughing, nor digging, nor forking was
anything more. than incidental means to the production
of a certain result, and it was the result we wanted,
and not the means. These might be totally altered
by the steam-engine, which had revolutionised
the mere process and simplified the road to the result

in every art to which it had been applied. What they
wanted was a soil cultivated in the most perfect and
simple manner, and cultivation consisted in the inversion,
comminution, and aeration of the soil toa certain depth.
(Hear, hear.) He believed, from the analogy of every
triumph'the steam.engine had hitherto achieved, that if
it ever performed this task it would be in more perfect
detail, and by a process more intrinsically peculiar taita
own mode of action than any that could be mistakenly
thrust upon it by attempting to gear on to it horse-tools
or hand-tools unsuited to its nature, and by no means
essential to the end in view. He ventured to throw out

this hint now, when many experiments were on foot, in
order, if possible, to prevent a waste of labour and capital
in erroneously based experiments. To the clay-land
farmer the boon of steam cultivation would be unspeak-
ably advantageous. (Cheers.)
After the chairman had retired a call was raised for
aenndt,eraemdidthleoupdavcilhioenerawhanilde
progress,w h o
had
the Coloneldi n n
eSri bwt haos r
inp ,
some laughter from the farmers, took his seat at the
cross-table.

The gallant COLONEL rose and explained the cause of
his late arrival, which was that he had been to London
in order that he might have his regiment of militia em•
bodied. He concluded, to the great amusement of every
one present, by a melo-dramatic expressien of his wish
that the Russians would only laud on the coast of Lin-
colnshire, in order that the corps (the trumpeter of which
aided Mr. Higgs, the toastmaster, by sounding the bugle
calls behini the chair) might have an opportunity of
cutting them to pieces.

THE CHARTERHOUSE INQUIET.-0n Wednesday, Mr.
W. Skirrow, inspector to the Charity Commissioners, herd
an inquiry at the Charterhouse, into the constitution and
condition of the charity, and into the value and applica-
tion of the estates, funds, property, and income belong,
ing to the Charterhouse. Mr. Skirrow briefly stated the
object of the Charity Commissioners in instituting the
inquiry. Mr. Kitely, the registrar, produced the docu-
ments required, including the statutes, books, letters
patent, accounts, &c. Thetinspector proceeded
ts of the to the orders modifying them. The receipts through the statutes of Charles 1., Mr. Kitely rsee;eir.rin
°tinted to
cha-
rity for the year ending Lady-day last
21,6101., and, including the balance in hand 2 L
S9OBl. 12s. 7d.
1353, the total receipts amounted to , is.
The total expenditure amounted to 262dz.vok 1
In 1824, the
and the balance in hand to 6,5121. ls.
d was commenced,
buildings being very old, there -buiol a:Lady-day,
Cirri:ended. The: sum
and since then 55,5241.' has be.
"umber of scholars, includ-
ing allowances. Thebtoty a nthe schoolmaster and ushers,
ing the boarders taken
forty-four boys on the foundation,
scholars, and
allowed to each poor bratherl been so
10s. per annum, and
the day
is altogether 157. The inquiry was resumed yesterday,
and the salaries to' the different officers, and the
allowances
poorhis duty was ended, except to report
to brethren having been examined,
t
the comm s commissioners. The proceeding, then terminated.
, QUEEN'S
COLLEGE, BIRMINGHAM.--At a special meet-
ingof tho council, held on Wednesday last, the vice-
' president in the chair, the following alterations and ad-
h e lnspector tosaidditional appointments were made to meet the require-
' inonts of the army, nary, and India boards :—Surgical
Anatomy, Mr. lands Cox ; Descriptive Anatomy, Mr.
Langston_ Parker ; General Anatomy and Physiology,
Driieslop ; Comparative Anatomy and Zoology, Dr.
Jordan ; Materia Medico; and Therapeutics, Dr. Fife ;
and Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, Mr. Walter
Careless Freer. Richard Grainger, Esq., has accepted
the invitation of the council to open the ensuing winter
session.