The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-13 00:00:00

" THE WILL OP PETER THE GREAT.

"In the name of the holy and indivisible Trinity, we,
Peter, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias, &c.,
to all our successors on the Throne and in the Govern-
ment of the Russian nation;

"Forasmuch as the great God, who is the Author and
Giver of our life and crown, bath constantly illumined
us with His light, and upheld us with his support," &c.
Here Peter sets out in detail that, according to
his view, which he takes to be also that of Provi-
dence, he regards the Russian nation as destined
hereafter to exercise supreme dominion over
Europe. IHe bases his (-pinion on the fact that
the European nations have for the most part fallen
into a condition of decrepitude not far removed
from collapse, whence he considers that they may
easily be subjugated by a new and youthful race,
as soon as the latter shall have attained its full
vigour.

The Russian monarch looks upon the coming in-
flux of the northerns into the east and west as a
periodical movement, which forms part of the
scheme of Providence, which, in like manner, by
the invasions of the barbarians, effected the regene-
ration of the Roman world. He compares these
migrations of the P6lar nations to the inundations
of the Nile, which at certain seasons fertilises the
arid soil of Egypt. He adds that Russia, which
he found a brook, and should leave a river, must,
under his successors, grow to amighty sea, destined
to fertilise worn-out Europe, and that its waves
would advance over all obstacles if his successors
were only capable of guiding the stream. On this
account he leaves behind him for their use the fol-
iowing rules, which he recommends to their atten-

•
Lion and constant study, even as Moses consigned
his tables of the law to the Jewish people :

" RULES.

"1. The Russian nation must be constantly on a war
footing to keep the soldiers warlike and in good condi-
tion. No rest must be allowed except for the purpose
of relieving the btate finances, recruiting the army, or
biding the favourable moment for attack. By th6se
means peace is made subservient to war, and war to
pence, in the interest of the aggrandisement and increas-
ing prosperity of Russia.
"2. Every possible means must be used to invite
from the must cultivated European States commanders
in war and philosophers in peace, to enable the Russian
nation to pai ticipate in the advantages of other countries
without losing any of its own.
"3. No opportunity must be lost of taking part in
in the affairs and disputes of Europe, especially in those
of Germany, which, from its vicinity, is of the most
direct interest to us.

" 4. Poland must be divided by keeping up constant
jealousies and confusions there. The authorities must
be gained over with money, and the Assemblies cor-
rupted so as to influence the election of the Kings. We
must get up a party of our own there, send Russian
troops into the country, and let them sojourn there so
long that they 'may ultimately find some pretext for
remaining there for ever. Should the neighbouring
States make difficulties, we must appease them for the
moment by allowing them a share of the territory until
we can safely resume what we have thus given away.
" 5. We must take away as much territory as possible
from Sweden, and contrive that they shall attack us
first, so as to give us a pretext for their subjugation.
With this 't object in view we must keep Sweden in op-
position to Denmark, and Denmark to Sweden, and
sedulously foster their mutual jealousies.
"6. The consorts of the Russian princes must always
be chosen from among the German princesses, in order
to multiply our family alliances with the Germans, and
40 unite our interests with theirs ; and thus, by con-
sol idatinv nnr influctnew ;n 4. owuua 14, to
attach itself spontaneously to our policy.

" 7. We must be careful to keep up our commercial
alliance with England, for she is the Power which has
most need of our products for her navy, and at the same
time may be of the greatest service to us in the develop-
ment of our own. We must export wood and other
articles in exchange for her gold, and establish perma-
nent connexions between her merchants and seamen
and our own.

"8. We must keep steadily extending our frontiers-
northward along the Baltic, and southward along the
shores of the Black Sea.

" 9. We must progress as mach as possible in the
direction of Constantinople and India. He who can
once get possession of these places is the real ruler of
the world. With this view we must provoke constant
quarrels at one tune with Turkey and at another with
Persia. We must establish wharves and docks in the
Euxine, and by degrees make ourselves masters of the
sea as well as of the Baltic, which is a doubly important
element in the success of our plan. We must hasten
the downfall of Persia, push oil into the Persian Gulf ;
if possible re-establish the ancient commercial inter-
course with the Levant through Syria, and force our
way into the Indies, which are the storehouses of the
world. Once there we can dispense with English gold.
"10. Moreover, we must take pains to establish and
maintain au intimate union with Austria, apparently
countenancing her schemes for future aggrandisement in
Germany, and all the while secretly rousing the jealousy
of the minor States against her. In this way we must
,:sring it to pass that one or the other party small seek
aid from Russia ; and thus we shall exercise a sort of
protectorate over the country which will pave the way
for ,cuture supremacy.
4, 21. We must make the House of Austria interested
in the expulsion of the Turks from Europe, and we must
neutraL'ise its jealousy at the capture of Constantinople
either by pre,ccupying it with a war with the old Euro-
pean Sta, tes, or by allowing it a share of the spoil, which
we can atkerwards resuipeac oar
"" 12. N\t'inust„..col4t,',i-eund our hoase,sas• round a
centre, ail Ali'e detached sections of Greeks which are
scattered al)road in Hungary, Turkey, and South Po-
land, We n rust make them look to us for support, and
then, by -estairlishing beforehand a sort of ecclesiastical
supremacy,
w(,, shall pave the way for universal sove-
reignty.
" 13. When Elweden is ours, Persia vanquished, Po-
land subjugated, Turkey conquered—when our armies
are united, and th‘e Euxine and the Baltic are in the
possessioa of our ships, then we must make separate and
secret overtures, finit to the Court of Versailles, and
then to that of Vienna, to share with them the domi-
nion of the world. If either of them accepts our propo-
sitions, which is certain to happen if their ambition and
self-interest are properly worked upon, we must make
use of this one to annihilate the other ; this done, we
have only to destroy the remaining one by finding a
pretext for a quariel, the issue of which cannot be
doubtful, as Russia will then be already in the absolute
possession of the East and 'of tho best part of' Europe.
" 14. Should the improbable case happen of both re-

jecting the propositions of Russia== thenour policy will
be to set one against the other, said make them tear
each other to pieces. Russia must then watch for and
seize the favourable moment, and pour her already as-
sembled hosts into Germany, while two immense fleets,
laden with Asiatic hordes and convoyed by the armed
squadrons of the Euxine and the Baltic, set sail simul-
taneously from the Sea of Azoff and th." harbour of
Archangel. Sweeping along the Mediterravean and the
Atlantic, they will overrun France on the one side, while
Germany is overpowered on the other. When these
countries are fully conquered the rest of Europe must
fall easily and without a struggle under our yoke. Thus
Europe can and must be subjugated."

50
16i
16i.
St.

312 s

20
20
10
10

all

ll 1;

all
.09

St.
10
St.
25

,pvaiTtshsgetEnigllelegisiticlaiNtaidMmAjailiiaLl,i.—lshaMtsoAicLuoTsiAtj
v,
aAeyrprirvi
troops, T h
Shee
and,llii
nmadassl a
hertyial
e,
ied7..
Indus has broken down, and the Vectia has gone to
Marseilles, the French steamer Bosphore has been en-
gaged to take on the mail. Nothing can equal the dis-
appointment felt at such an accident. 152 passengers
are on board, many seriously ill, and anxious to get on,
and are obliged to land without any prospect of proceed-
ing for the present. The hotels are so full that no ac-
commodation is procurable for half the number re-
quiring it.
MAIL PACKETS---By a return presented to Parliament,
of the longest and shortest voyages from Southampton
to Ushant, made by, tne contract packets on the routes
to the Peninsula, Mediterranean, and Brazils, for the
years 1843 to 1352 inclusive, it appears that by the
Peninstitir packets, the longest voyage was 84 bows,
and the shortest 214 hours. Mean voyage, 31 ; average
voyage, 26 hours. By the Mediterranean packets the
longest voyage w 8.4 36 hours, shortest 21 hours ; mean
. 26, and average voyage 24 hours.
voyage By the Brazil
packets the longest voyage wa3 48 hours, shortest 21
hours ; mean voyage 27, 4,nd average voyage 25 hours.
OUR SHIPPING IN 1853.—During the year there were
built and registered in the United Kingdom 635 sailing
vessels of timber, cf the collective burden of 146,380
, tons and 10 of iron, of 8.576 tons ; the number of
steamers built was 36 f timber, with a tonnage amount- 25
ing to 3,305, and 117 of iron, with a tonnage of 44,910; 12L
32 colonial-built vessels (20 of them from New Bruns-
wiel;) were registered here, a
• and 102 foreign ; the ton- s r
nage of the former was 26,443, of the latter 30,073. St.i
69 of our sailing v,-.issels aal 15 of o-. 7 steamers, with a ,
united tonnage of 5,221. were broken up in the course
of the year, ;11l 569 of oar sailing vessels, and 12 of our
steamers together of 120,714 tons, were wrecked.