The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 16, 1853.

WREXHAM AND RIITHIN RAILWAY.
INCORPORATION of COMPANY for CONSTRUCTING
a RAILWAY from WREXHAM. In the COUNTY of DENBIGH,
to BUTHIN, in the SAME COUNTY, WITH a BRANCH to COED
POETH COLLIERY—POWERS to USE PORTIONS of the
SHREWSBURY and CHESTER RAILWAY.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That application is intended to
be made to Parliament in the ensuing sekion for an act or acts to
authorise the construction and maintenance of a railway or railways
with all proper and necessary works, stations, and conveniences con-
nected therewith or necessary thereto, commencing by a junction
with the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway at or near to a gate-
keeper's lodge or cottage on or adjoining the Shrewsbury and Chester
Railway, in the occupation of Edward Kenrick, situate in the
township of Wrexham Abbot, in the parish of Wrexham, in the
county of Denbigh, and terminating at or near to a certain field
called.or known by the name of Coppy bacb, near to the town of
Ruthin, in the parish of Llanrhydd, in the borough of Ruthin, in the
said county, which said intended Railway er Railways and Works
will be made in and pass from, in, or through, or into the several
parishes. townships, townlands, and extra-parochial and other
places following, or some or one of them (that is to say), Wrex-
ham, Wrexham Regis, Wrexham Abbott, Bersham, Broughton,
gumbo, Minera, Llardegla, Trefyd (otherwise Trevyd), Bychan,
Trer Ran (otherwise Trellan), Lianarmon yn-yale, Lianarmon,
Bodidris, and Bodidristrian, in the county of Denbigh;
Bed dris, and Bodidristrian, in the county of Flint ; Gel-
lygynnnn, Eryrys, Trerllan, Chwyleiriog, Bodigree yarl (other-
wise lap and Bodigree Abbott, Tallibidwell, Gwethrenie, BodynyvY-
dog, Trerlian, Bryn-Eglwys, Lllanelidan, Llanfair-dytfryn-ciwyd,
Faenol-quarter, Derwen-quarter (otherwise Derwen Lianerch),
Garthynan-quarter, Eyarth-quarter, Llanrhydd,
Ruthin, Llanrhydcl-
ucha, and Liastrhydd-im, in the said county of Denbigh. And also
to authorte the construction and maintenance of a branch railway
or railways, with all necessary and proper works, stations, and con-
veniences connected therewit h or necessary thereto, commencing by
a junction se,th the !einem Branch Railway of the Shrewsbury and
Chester RaiLvay at a point or points in a fled, situate near the
(leggin, In the township of Minera, in the said parish of Wrex-
i
ham, in the said county of Denbigh, and terminating at
oftintg at or near
to the Coed Poeth Colliery, situate in the said
through,
Bersham, in the said parish of Wrexham, in the said county of
eDoehintheicgthe,dwhie therewithskld
willintended
bemadenranchtt raanildwthaypoarur airlont, i
ways nd works
n
or into the parishes, townships. and townlands of Minera and Ber-
sham aforesaid, in the said county of Denbigh.
And it is further proposed in and by the said act to take powers to
incorporate a company for carrying into effect the objects aforesaid,
with MR power to purchase and take lands, houses, tenements, and
hereditaments by compulsion or agreement for the purposes thereof,
and for varying or extinguishing all righti and privileges in any
manner connected with such lands, houses, tenements, and here-
ditaments, and also to levy tolls, rates, and duties for the use of the
said intended railway or railways, branch railway or railways, and
works, and to raise money on the credit of the said railway or rail-
ways, branch railway er railways, and works, and of the said tolls,
rates, and duties, for the purposes of the said intended act.
And it is also proposed by the said intended act to take power to
deviate in the construction of the said railway or railways, branch
railway or railways, and works connected therewith respectively, to
such extent as will be shown or defined on the plans hereinafter re-
ferred to, and to break up, alter, divert, and stop up, either perma-
nently or temporarily, all such highways, turnpike aid other roads,
railways, ways, banks, bridges, drains, streams, rivers, and water-
courses, within the before-mentioned several parishes, townships,
townlands, and extra-parochial places, or any of them, as it may be
necessary to break up, alter, divert. or stop up for the purposes of
the said intended railway or railways, branch railway or railways,
and works, or otherwise, for effecting the objects of the said in-
tended act.

And it is further proposed in and by the said act to empower the,
company to be thereby incorporated, or any other company orperso n
lawfully using the said intended railway or railways, branch railway
or railways, to use with their own engines and carriages, or with the
engines and carriages of such other company or person using, or
uPrassrialwovayers,thtehseaidstianttieenusde,d
wraiatiewrianygorplrsaieelsw,ayws,stberc
and
draik,vay
B con-
veniencesrymbo
aforesaid,o f the Shrewsburyaiid also
t 0 anduse
aCultde
passs t
overßailway
w ithCeoun Company
and
carriages as aforesaid, so much of the railway of
I,ar sbury
arid Chester Railway Company as may be the
necessary theecess hre
aBry :e
..
use, by the said intended company or such other company o r person
as aforesaid, of the said stations, and to fix and determine thr • amount
of rate, toll, or charge, which shall be paid by the said intended or
such other company or person as aforesaid, for the use ny them of
the before-mentioned stations, railways, works, and conveniences, '
or any of them, and also, if deemed expedient, to alter a'ad limit the
tolls, rates, and charges, now authorised to be levied by the Shrews-
bury and Chester Railway Company in respect thereof.
And Notice is Hereby Further Given, That plans and sections
showing the lines, situations. and levels of the said intended
new works, and the lands, houses, and other property to be
taken for the purposes thereof, together 'with a book of refe-
rence to such plans, and also a copy of this notice as published
in the' London Gazette, will, on or before the 30th day of Novem-
ber instant, be deposited for public inspection with the Clerk
of the t'eace for the county of Denbigh, at his office in Ruthin
aforesaid, and with the Clerk of the Peace for the county of
Flint, at his office in Mold, in the said county of Flint; and that
a copy of so much of the said plans, sections, and books of reference
respectively, as relates to each parish, in, from, through, or into
which the said proposed railway or railways, branch railway or
branch railways and works connected therewith respectively, are
intended to be made and maintained, and also a copy of this notice,.
as published in the London Gazette, will be deposited for public
inspection, on or before the said 30th day of November instant, with
the parish clerk of each such parish, at his respective place of abode,
and that on or before the 31st day of December, 1853, printed copies
of the bill intended to be brought into Parliament in the ensuing
session, upon which the said act is intended to be founded, will be
deposited at the Private Bill-office of the House of Commons.
Dated this fourteenth day of November, 1853.
E DGWORTH & PUGH, }
JAMES & OWEN, Solicitors, Wrexham.
EDWARDS & FRANKISH, Parliamentary Agents.

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY-LANE,

Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.
TILIS EVENING, Nov. 16.

The GREAT AMERICAN EQUESTRIANS will exhibit their
astonishing Feats, nnma^ched in the history of such Performances,
assisted by the most renowned Gymnastic Artistes, 0. Dale and
Barnes, the European and American c qtmpions.

THEATRE ROYAL, HA.YMARKET.
Under the management of Mr. Buekstone.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 16,

Will be performed THE LADY OF LYONS. Characters by
essrs. Howe, U. Corr!, Chippendale, George Vandenhoff, aad Miss
eynolds.

To be followed by A PRETTY PIECE OF BUSINESS. Cha-
racters by Messrs. Howe and Buckstone ; Miss Reynolds and Mrs.
Fitzwdliam.

To be followed by MIDAS. Characters by Messrs. Compton and
Chippendale ; Misses Featherstone and Ormonde.

ItOY.kL PRINCESS'S TFIE.ATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
Unger the Management of Mr. CHARLES KERN.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 16,
Will be performed THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. Principal
character by Mr. C. Kean.
To be followed by MARCO SPADA. Supported by Messrs. W.
Lacy, J. Chester, Ryder, Raymond, and Everett ; Miss Heath and
Miss C. Leelereq.

LTC EU NI THEATRE.

Under the Management of Madame Vestria.

THIS EVENING, Nov. IC,

Will be perlhrmed A NICE FIR %I. Principal characters by
Messrs. C. Vathews, F. Matthews, and Mrs. F. Matthews.
After which, THE COMSIEXCEMENT OF A BAD FARCE
winch. however (It is hoped), w lt, in the e,id, show HOW TO
MAKE HOME I'PY. Principal character by Ilefr. Wright.
To be followed PATTER v. CLATTER. Captain Patter, Mr.
Charles Mathews.
To conclude with WRIGHT AT LAST.

THEATRE ROYAL ADELPIII.

Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster,—Dlreetreis, Madame Celesta.

THIS EVENING, Nov. 16,

Will he performed THE DISCARDED SON. Characters by
Leigh Murray, Paul Bedford, and Keeley; Hrs. Keeley and hiss
Woolgar, &c.
To be followed by WHITEBAIT AT GREENWICH.
After which, THE C DIP AT CHOBHAII.
To be followed by "HOTEL CHARGES!" or, How to Cook
"A Biflln."

ASTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke.
GRAND MILITARY SPECTACLE—THE INVASION OF
RUSSIA, and THE BURLESQUE.
FIFTH WEEK of the Star of the Arena, Miss KATE COOKE,
who continues to be received with increased enthusiasm.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 16,
The Entertainments will cornmeru. e with the Grand Equestrian
Military Spectacle, entitltd BONAPARTE'S INVASION OF RUS-
SIA ; or, The Burning of Moscow.

To be followed by Mr. W. COOKE'S matchless scenes of the
ARENA, in which Mr. ALFRED COOKE will appesr for the First
Time since his severe indsposition.

To conclude with JUPITER'S DECREE AND THE FALL OF
PHAETON ; or, The Fiery Coursers of the Sun.
Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
A-eq.

of reforming the Corporation of the City of Lon-
don ! There is ample room for reforming London
itself—not its Corporation only, but its streets, its
houses, its back lanes, and its front thoroughfares, its
miserable slums, and its fashionable neighbour-
hoods. Room for reform ? Just ask Mr. WAL-
KER his opinion about the past and present con-
dition of the London graveyards ! Ask Dr.
SMITH what he really thinks in his heart about
the filthy tenements where cholera., and typhus,
and all kinds of disgusting and destructive
zy-uiotic diseases are perpetually being engendered !
Ask Mr. BUCKET to have the goodness some fine
morning to guide you through even the better
parts of Tom-ALL-ALoNE's ! Ask the Registrar-
General his private views as to the possibility of
diminishing the average mortality in this multi-
tude of 2,500,000 inhabitants !
Conspicuous, however, among the places re-
quiring improvement, as here intimated, is the
main channel for entrance into, or exit from, the
metropolis—meaning thereby, of course, the
River Thames, or as the good citizens used at
one time to call it, familiarly and yet poetically,
the Silent Highway. The condition of the
Thames may be regarded, indeed, as an apt illus-
tration of the now generally admitted change for
the better, demanded by the spirit of the age, in
the way of direct advancement. Instead of being
a noble and appropriate highroad into the capital
—along the current of which the traveller might
be floated, on his arrival amongst us, between
splendid quays, and sightly terraces, and all the
customary architectural adjuncts of a great city,
past the antique towers of Jumrs to the beautiful
Legislative Palace at Westminster, catching
glimpses as he went of the Gothic Abbey, and of
the modern Basilica of St. Paul's Cathedral—the
Thames actually presents to the stranger nothing
better than a back view of London, no quays
whatever, and not one single cluster of decent
dwelling-houses, excepting, perhaps, the Adelphi-
terrace, and the few scattered mansions in the
gardens of Whitehall. To remedy this evil has
long been the anxiety of all real well-
wishers to the metropolis, and the ambi-
tion, especially of a select few, among the
more intelligent advocates of improvement. Seve-
ral plans have, from time to time, been ad-
vanced, with the praiseworthy object of trans-
forming the river from the foul and hideous
gutter of the capital into a channel worthy of
conducting the vessels of the foreign mariner to
the chief city of the most renowned among the
maritime nations of the globe. Hitherto, un-
fortunately, without a token in any one instance
of their proving ultimately capable of realisation,
magnificent projects have been set forth in
this way, at intervals, but not one to our recol-

lection bearing about it even the semblance of
feasibility. It must be remembered, in explana-
_ _

on of this, that economy has to be consulted
not less than the splendour consequent upon any
such undertaking. And, assuredly, if our econo-
mical ideas have heretofore prevented tis, and
are still up to the present moment preventing
us, from pulling down Middle-row, Holborn,
and those abominable houses crowded together be-
tween St. Clement Danes and St. Mary-le-Strand,
houses, the mere collective name of which (Holy-
well-street) sounds to our ears so disreputably
—it cannot be matter of surprise that we have
been deterred by considerations of prudence from
carrying out alterations in regard to the river,
such as must, according to the showing of their
projectors, have necessitated an enormous and
even scarcely calculable expenditure.
Nevertheless, it is our privilege at last to refer
to a scheme which actually combines (or at least
appears to our impartial judgment to combine)
what we might reasonably have deemed the in-
compatible advantages of economy and magnifi-
cence. Economy in the rise and development of
the suggested change, and magnificence in
its ulterior consummation I The originator
of this design has already, if we recollect rightly,
distinguished himself by his engineering researches
in the Isthmus of Panama—whither he had been
despatched for the purpose of conducting certain
delicate and important observations. Unless his
aspirations should be thwarted by an untimely
display amongst our fellow-citizens of a miserable
and most mistaken parsimony, we would venture
to predict for the later enterprise of Mr. LIONEL
GISBORNE, C.E., a success such as must inevi-
tably place him at the head of the practical pro-
moters of the great scheme of City improvements.
At present it would be superfluous to do
more than specify the prominent features
of the remarkable design sketched out by
this enterprising engineer. Foremost among

its peculiarities must be mentioned the prin-
ciple upon which it is based, being " strictly
self-supporting." According to the explicit
declaration of Mr. GISBORNE in his Prospec-
tus, it is not intended to apply for pecuniary
assistance either to the Corporation or to the Go-
vernment. Without entering on this occasion
into the minute particulars thereupon set forth by
the projector, we may remark that the design em-
braces—quay walls twenty-one feet over Trinity
high water, and extending from London-bridge to
the proposed new bridge at Westminster. It in-
cludes a covered esplanade for foot passengers,
next the river, twenty feet in width—parallel with
the esplanade a future railway—parallel with the
railway a new street forty feet wide, with ap-
proaches to the Strand, &c., at intervals, accord-
ingly as those approaches may be found conve-
nient. As yet we know nothing of this novel and
extraordinary design, beyond the particulars we
have been enabled to glean from Mr. GISBORNE'S
Prospectus. He has singularly piqued our curio-
sity, however ; and we shall look forward eagerly
for further details (accompanied, let us hope, on
the next publication, by explanatory diagrams) of
this superb and imperial scheme of Thames Im-
provement.

"What shall we do with our convicts ?" The
inquiry is one of the deepest importance, not
merely to the unfortunate beings referred to, but
also to philanthropists—to those who desire to
improve the dispositions and habits of their erring
brethren, and to all who wish to protect property
from the predatory attacks of the Pariahs of hu-
manity—known and convicted thieves. " What
shall we do with our convicts ?" We have tried
many experiments, but all have hitherto failed in
achieving the great desideratum—the prevention
of crime—or even in reforming those who are em-
phatically warned to " cease to do evil and to
learn to do well." We have had our penal code
inscribed in letters of blood upon the national
statute-book—the gallows and the executioner
being prescribed for every petty theft. The
Draconic severity of the code, however, defeated
its own object. Men who had been plundered
would not prosecute, nor would juries convict in
trifling cases, when the result of an adverse ver-
dict might prove fatal to the trembling wretch
who stood before them, the issue on which
his life cr death depended awaiting their
decision. It was with general, indeed all
but universal, satisfaction that more hu-
mane enactments were substituted for those,
the undue stringency whereof was so frequently
and loudly complained of ; and the superior effi-
cacy of the milder system afforded additional
cause of gratification at the much-required altera-
tion in the law.

Many systems of prison discipline have been
introduced since that time. We have had the
separate system and the silent system, accompa-
nied with various modifications of hard labour on
the treadmill and at the crank, and bread and
water diet, the refractory cell or the dark cell,
the strait-jacket, handcuffs, standing in the hall,
deprivation o bed and gas, of exercise and at-
tendance in chapel, and of communication with
friends, and erven flagellation, and the several
cruelties which have been brought to light during
the Birmingham investigation. Everything, in
fact, but " kindness" has been tried, and all in
vain—the majority of prisoners have proved irre-
claimable. They listen to the precept to "go
forth and sin no, more," but their sufferings are
speedily forgotten—the stringent discipline they
have submitted to, is no longer thought of. The
great majority almost immediately resume their
former_ habits, while even those who appeared to
be really and sincerely penitent for their trans-

gressions seldom maintain their struggle very
long, but speedily lapse from the paths of
rectitude, and again and again are called on
to answer for crimes similar to those of which
they had previously been guilty. What can be
the cause of this almost invariable failure of the
attempts at reformation ? Are the parties so
thoroughly depraved that nothing can be done to
rescue them from sin and shame, and induce them
to lead a new life, when their former offences
have been expiated by undergoing the punish-
ments to which they have been sentenced ? We
fear that, if we are to ascertain the true causes,
we must not limit our inquiries to the above. We
must also ask, How far is society itself responsible
for the failure of these benevolent efforts ? How
does it assist the party struggling to gain an
honest livelihood, to earn his daily bread by the
sweat of his brow ? Is he enabled to acquire even
the humblest means of supporting existence by
the most energetic and incessant exertions ? Or
does the one unfortunate blot on his character
continually interpose to drive him from any em-
ployment he may obtain, and to prove an insur-
mountable obstacle to an honest career ?
A case just tried at the Central Criminal Court
affords a powerful illustration of the existing sys-
tem, showing the impossibility of one who has
once fallen retrieving his position. We cannot

vouch for its accuracy. It may be but a cunning
device of the prisoner to obtain a lenient sentence.
But there is a vraisemblance about it that induces
us to yield a certain degree of credence until it is
disproved. It is probable, and may have happened
to hundreds of persons struggling to obtain a victory
in the great " battle of life." It is, therefore,
worthy of consideration, in order that an adequate
remedy may be devised for the evil—that those
desirous of abandoning depraved habits may have
a chance afforded to them of doing so. WILLIAM
JONES, aged 19, was found guilty of stealing a
silver watch, and a previous conviction was proved
against him. When called on for his defence, he
put forward the following simple statement in ex-
tenuation, by way of showing how he was driven
to crime when deprived of every other means of
gaining a livelihood. He said. " that in January
last he left the Westminster Bridewell, where he
had been for twelve months, with the best of cha-
racters. For his good conduct there he received,
on leaving, a suit of clothes and half-a-crown.
He then got work at a house which was building
near the prison, and remained employed there
until a boy who had known him in prison, and
happened to be assisting the workmen, told them
that he (Jones) was a convicted thief. The work-
men told the foreman, and in consequence he was
discharged. He then obtained work at the Queen's
Palace, which was being repaired. It was there
found out again that he had been in prison, and
he was turned away. He afterwards got some
work in Old-street, and a policeman came and told
his master the old story, that he was a convicted
thief, and he was for the third time turned away.
He had wished to gain an honest living, but he
found this was impossible, as, wherever he worked,
as soon as it was found out, by people informing
against him, that ho had been in prison, he was
at once turned away."

The Learned Assistant-Judge very properly re-
spited the sentence, in order that the truth of this
story might be ascertained. Should it, on strict
examination, prove to be well founded, the pri-
soner would be deserving of pity and sympathy
for the untoward circumstances that defeated his
meritorious efforts. If not, he has added to his
other offences by the vile hypocrisy and audacity
that induced him to concoct so plausible a tale.
The mystery will, however, speedily be dispelled;
but sufficient has appeared to induie us to take
measures for the protection and relief of persons
discharged front prison and desirous of living
honestly. Many instances have transpired of
parties being turned off the moment it was known
that they had previously " been in trouble," and
there are many more in which they are compelled
to plunder their employers, for the purpose, not
of gratifying their own extravagance, but of satis-
fying the rapacity of harpies who prey upon them,
extorting every available farthing under a threat
of exposure ! Something ought to be done to
check this evil. Something must be done if we
desire the effectual reformation of our convicts.
Until a suitable remedy be devised, it is worse
than useless to talk of penal discipline ; the
most stringent that can be devised cannot
prove effectual so long as the reclaimed crimi-
nal is driven from employment, and unable
to obtain work wherever his antecedents are
known. In the case above referred to, it appears
that a policeman was the party who interfered,
and thus added another to the criminal catalogue.
Instructions should certainly be issued from Scot-
land-yard to prevent such intermeddling for the
future. It is essential that something should be
done speedily, as we are introducing the
" ticket-of-leave system." If persons who have
once been convicted cannot be permitted to earn
an honest living, what can be hoped for those
who have still a sentence hanging over their
heads, and who may at any time be sent back to
the hulks without trial, or even without being
guilty of any new offence ? The matter is un-
questionably worthy of calm and attentive con-
sideration. The man who could solve the im-
portant and interesting problem would, indeed,
be a national benefactor, entitled to the thanks
and gratitude of the community.

TESTIMONIAL TO LORD GODERICH AND MR. CLAY.—
On Monday evening last the working men of Hull pre-
sented tankards to their late members, Lord Gederich
and Mr. Clay, who were unseated last session. The ex-
Mayor (Mr. Blundell) presided on the occasion, over a
large and respectable meeting, in the public rooms in
Jarrett-street. The noble lord and Mr. Clay both de-
livered very long addresses in acknowledging the com-
pliment. _

LORD Powis.—'We have an opportunity of knowing
that the Earl of Powis, at his recent rent receipts in
Shrewsbury and Montgomeryshire, generously returned
his tenantry ten per cent. The noble earl has also given
orders to advance the workmen's wages on his several
estates.—Northern Times.

GENEROUS LIBERALITY.—Lady Charlotte Gust, of
Dowlais, has promised to supply the whole of Dowlais
with water at her own expense, involving an outlay of
3,0001. The sanitary condition of the town is ex-
tremely wretched.

THE- KING EDWARD RAGGED AND INDUSTRIAL
SCHOOLS.—We are glad to learn that the late bazaar in
favour of these schools has produced the handsome sum
of 5551. in aid of the funds of the institution.
SALISBURY ELECTION.—The poll commenced yester-
day at eight a.m. Every convenience that could be
employed was in actual service. The city throughout
the day has been a scene of continual excitement, and
at one time bordering on riot. Captain Julius Roberts
withdrew from the contest shortly after two o'clock,
when the final state of the poll stood thus :—Buckley,
255 ; Roberts, 88. Majority for Buckley, 167.
CLERICAL APPOINTMENT.—His Majesty the Kinl of
Hanover has been pleased to appoint the Rev. Daniel
Charles Delafosse, A.M., rector of Shere, Surrey, on e of
his domestic chaplains.
ANOTHER VACANCY ON THE SCOTTISH BENCII.—
Lord Fullerton, Judge of the Court of Scotland, has re-
signed.

ARRIVALS OF GOLD.—The Roderick Dhu has .ar-
rived in the Clyde from Port Philip, when she sailed' an
the 11th of August, with 450 ounces of gold, valued at
1,800/.

STEALING RAILWAY TICKETS.—A passenger by the
South Eastern Company's line at Rochester has j. ast
been sentenced at Quarter Sessions to one niont:
imprisonment and two weeks' solitary confinernc:nt
for "stealing a railway ticket."
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY.—T his
company, it is understood, have offered prizes to their
workmen at Wolverton and Crewe for proficiency in
mechanics and other accomplishments, to be adjud god
, by the Inspectors of Schools,
THE STEAM YARD AT KEYHAM. - Preparations have
commenced in the police-station at this yard, for the re-
ception of the force. Inspector Polkitighorne of the
Dockyard police, has been transferred to Keyham ; ler-
geant Fox has been made inspector, vice Polkinghon le ;
and privates Brooking, Beale, Williams, and Has 'ke
have been promoted to the rank of sergeants.
GENERAL POST-OFFICE, OCT., 1853.—1 n consequen co
of the great difficulty and expense attending the traris-
mission of heavy packets across the Isthmus of Suez, it
has become necessary to rescind the resolutions u.lder
which printed books, magazines, reviews, and pamphlets
addressed to the East Indies, Ceylon, Mauritius, and.
Now South Wales, are at present forwarded via Egypt,
and to restrict the conveyance of such books, &c., to
the direct mail packets proceeding to those plaices. In
future, therefore, all books and other printed publica-
tions, addressed to India, Ceylon, or Mauritiu9, intended
to be forwarded through the post, under the privileges
of the colonial book post, will be conveyed by the con-
tract mail packets, via the Cape of Good Hope,. leaving
Plymouth on the 15th of each month ; and books, &c.,
for New South Wales will be sent by the contract
packets despatched from this country once in two mor iths,
of the sailing of which notice is issued from ie to
time.

LATEST kJiOItEIGI E

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

DEFEAT OF THE RUSSIANS

The following startling despatch is from Vienna.
The source whence it is derived is excellent, but
at the same time the intelligence is of so extraor-
dinary a character that it must be received with
caution.

" VIENNA, WEDNESDAY MORNING.
"The Turks have already passed Bucharest,
which is in flames in three places.
" The Russians are retreating on Cronstadt.
" Fifteen thousand Turks have been despatched
to intercept them through the Principality of
Servia.
" The Austrian Government have ordered an
army corps to be immediately concentrated in
Croatia."

I Cron stad t, in Transylvania, is situate in the direct
line of retreat from Bucharest, supposing the Rus-
sians to have been cut off from their communica-
tions with Moldavia.
An official despatch from Vienna, dated yesterday
•
(Tuesday) evening, says
" The Russians dislodged the Turks from the
, island opposite Giurgevo, but it was immediately
retaken by the Turks.
" The Turks repulsed the attack on their position
at Oltenitza on the 11th."
Advices from Bucharest of the 9th inst. state
that for several hours a heavy cannonade was
heard, whether from Oltenitza or Giurgevo was
not known.
All the Russian pontoons had been sent to
Giurgevo.
From 5,000 to 7,000 Russians had taken up a
strong position on an eminence near Frateschi
(between Bucharest and Giurgevo).
A despatch was received at Paris yesterday,
stating that the Russians lost 3,000 men in the
battle of the 4th inst. From that day to the 11th
there were no military events of importance. The
hostilities were confined to some skirmishing of
the outposts.
The Russian Government has appointed a go-
vernor for the two Danubian Principalities.
By telegraph from the seat of war, we learn tha
there were heavy rains on the 10th and 11th ; the
Danube is greatly swollen ; the roads are impass-
able, and operations are impeded.
Simultaneously with the action of Isaactcha and
Dschurgia, the Turks, between the 27th October
and 3d November, passed across the Danube, by
way of Kalarasck, 50,000 men, who forthwith took
up a position on the left bank of the river.
Advices from Constantinople, of the 3d, state
that the fact of the passage of the Danube, and the
success in Asia, where the Turks had taken the
fortress of Sohafkatil, had been announced to the
troops now in the capital.
The Greeks had offered to advance money to the
Porte by way of loan.
The Turkish forces at Oltenitza consist of 17,000
regular infantry, 3,000 Bashi Bozouks, and 4,000
artillerymen, commanded by General Prim. Re-
port says that Klapka will supersede-him.
Ismail Pacha commands 24,000 Turks at Kalafat.
The Russians have concentrated 35,000 men at
Budeschti (between Bucharest and Oltenitza), and
established head-quarters there.
The Journal of St. Petersburg contains the fol-
lowing official declaration :—" No embargo will be
put on Turkish ships in Russian ports until the
22d November, but after that date they will be de-
clared fair prizes, if even their cargoes be not
wholly Turkish property. Neutral flags shall
enjoy perfect liberty throughout the continuation
of hostilities."
The following despatch arrived at Paris yester-
day :
" The Ottoman Ambassador at Vienna to the
Ottoman Ambassador at Paris.

" VIENNA, Nov. 15.—The communications from
the theatre of war are to the 11th inst. At that
date nothing decisive had taken place." (It n'y
avait rien, de decisif.)
The Paris correspondent of the Times, writing
yesterday, 6 p.m. says :
" Accounts have been received from the seat of
war to the 11th, from, which it appears that the
Turks repulsed, on that day, an attack made upon
their entrenchments by Prince Gortschakoff. A
despatch from Vienna states the loss of the Rus-
sians in the battle of Qltenitza at more than 2,000
killed and wounded, instead of 1,200 ; and another
account carries it to 3,000. The accuracy of either
it is impossible to guarantee. It is beyond dispute
that Turkey has exhibited a decision and courage,
moral and material, for which few gave her credit
some few months since. Her energies only slum-
bered, it appears, and she herself was merely in a
lethargy, but the breath of life had not passed
from her. The insults of her aggressor, and the
gross wrongs he was preparing for her, have given
her renewed existence. In the long struggle
she maintained she was, it is true, nearly
thrown to the earth, but, like the hero of the fable,
the moment she touched it she rose with a vigour
which astonishes her friends, and, perhaps, checks
the arrogance of her hereditary foe. The impor-
tant fact is now patent to the world, and no future
ill success can affect it. Turkey still has claims to
be counted among the nations of Europe in a ma-
terial as in a moral point of view. In her long
diplomatic encounter with her enemy, she has not
shown herself deficient in skill, in moderation, or
in dignity. Her language suffers nothing by com-
parison with that of one of the most accomplished
and wily statesmen of the day. Her superiority is
incontestible in negotiations, as in the justice of
her cause ; up to the present, at least, she has not
shown herself inferior on the field of battle ; and
her conduct throughout this great trial proves that
she is less deserving of the pity than of the respect-
ful sympathies of Europe—of its intervention as
an arbiter, than of its tutelage as a protector. In
any future negotiations Turkey will have earned a
title to respect which was not believed to have
existed.

The gist of the various letters of the 31st, from
Constantinople, is as follows :—The news of the
successful passage of the Danube most agreeably
surprised the Turks. At Turtukai, opposite Olte-
nitza, the Arnauts led the way, and were speedily
followed by the Egyptians, who swam across the
river. This, however, was merely an experiment,
as both detachments soon returned to the right
bank of the river, laden with booty. Mention is
made of a battle near Batoum, between Selim Bey's
troops and 5,000 Russians ; the latter are said to
have had 230 men killed, among whom were 22
officers. The Turks, who have yet to learn how to
make bulletins a la Russe„ lost 195 men, and had
380 wounded. The attack is said to have been fur-

thered by some diversion made by Shamyl on-the
flank of the Russians. As soon as the news of the
occurrences in Bulgaria reached Constantinople, it
was communicated to the representatives of France
and England, and they advisedthat the war should
be continued. On the 29th, M. de la Cour waited
on the Sultan, and in the name of his Emperor
placed the French General Bosquet at his disposal,
with six other officers of rank, who would arrive
on the 2d of November. During the audience
mention was also made of 40,000 French soldiers,
who would be landed wherever the Sultan might
be pleased to direct. Lord Stratford, on his side,
declared that the English fleet would enter the
Black Sea and act on the coast with the Turkish
vessels. A corps of from 15,000 to 20,000 men
will be kept in readiness at Malta, "to occupy
Greece, if that country should attempt anything
against the Porte."

Letters from Vienna, of the 12th inst., announce
that Omar Pasha had crossed the Danube in per-
son, and was at the head of 35,000 men, ready to
receive Prince Gortschakoff, who threatened to
attack the Turks in their position.
Private letters from Erzeroum, of the 25th ult.,
announce that the Turks had concluded an alliance
_ _

offensive and defensive with Schamyl, and with the
Mussulman tribes of Mingrelia, Imeritia, Gouriel,
and the other independent tribes of that part of

Asia. Those countries can furnish 80,000 warriors,
well practised in mountain warfare.
The garrison of Sebastopol had marched against
the Circassians. The garrison was replaced by
_ _ _

15,000 men from the camp of Odessa, which were
replaced by troops from Vocesenck.
Medical advices from Giurgevo, Oltenitza,
and Kalarasch, state that above 3,000 wounded

men have been taken to the hospitals at Bucha-
rest. The fortress of Shefkatil is a few

miles north of Batoum, and just m ithin the Rus-
sian territory. The Egyptian reinforcements of
10,000 men, and 30,000 muskets, are expected soon.
The Tunis squadron of 18 sail, on its way to Con-
stantinople, was seen at Canea, in Candia, on the
21st October.

Prince Stirbey has received a private hint that
it would perhaps be better not to prolong his stay
at Vienna too long. .He goes to Paris.
We hear that Galatz has been declared in a state

if siege. The local authorities are still left in ac-
tivity, but they are placed under the superintend-
ence of General Engelhard.
Rumours were current on the 12th at Vienna,
that the Turks had taken Bucharest, but there is
no sufficient reason for attaching credit to this
report.
The Darmstadt Gazette publishes the communi-
cation made by its representative to the Germanic
Diet on the Eastern question. It is in almost every
point similar to the note which was stated by the
German-journals some time ago to have been ad-
dressed by the Austui in Minister of Foreign Affairs
to the representatives of Austria at the different
Courts of Europe—namely, than Austria will take
no part in the dispute between Russia and Turkey
so long as her own interests shall not be affected ;
that she has the most perfect conviction that the
Emperor of Russia has no design against the inte-
grity of Turkey or the sovereign rights of the Sul-
tan, and that she has still hopes of a pacific solu-
tion, for which she will exercise her good offices.
As regards the reductions in the Austrian army, it
is stated that the Emperor of Austria sees nothing
in the state of affairs to prevent this reduction, and
that it may be regarded as a proof of the pacific
attitude of her Government.
The Austrian Correspondence, of the 11th, in
alluding to an incorrect account, given by the
Debats, of a note having been presented to the
Porte by M. de Bruck, the Austrian Internuncio,
states that the note in question was not in any way
a diplomatic document, and consequently could
not have the weight of one. The note, it says,
could therefore have only been communicated con-
fidentially or non-officially to an Ottoman Minister.
The note contained the results of the Conference at
Olmutz, and Austria and Prussia were charged to
present it, but from the moment that France and
England refused to assent to it, and Austria wished
to act in concert with all the friendly Powers, the
note did not become a diplomatic document. It
was not, therefore, officially presented to the Porte,
nor were the propositions therein contained, re-
commended in the name of the Four Powers.
A rescript of the Sultan, read in a National As-
sembly, at which his Highness himself presided, on
the 31st of October, has increased the enthusiasm
of the Mussulmans at Constantinople, and their
confidence in victory. This rescript expresses the
Sultan's high satisfaction at the great energy dis-
played by the Ministers, and of the devotedness
of the people to the cause of the dignity and in-
tegrity of the Ottoman Empire. The Sultan adds,
that he will himself gird on the sword, and march in
the spring, at the head of the army as far as
Adrianople. The enthusiasm of the Turks, who
are leaving their domestic hearths with joy
to march against the Muscovite, will then
be kindled up into fanaticism, and the pre-
sence of his Highness would alone be worth an
army, should the war not ba over by spring.
At the pressing request of M. de Bruck, and
the assurance of strict neutrality on the part of
Austria, which he has given to the Porte, the
latter has consented not to employ in its European
army the legions of political refugees which have
been organised. A deputation had arrived at
Teheran from Affghanistan, to recommend the
Shah of Persia to declare himself against Russia.
This recommendation was categorical, and accom-
panied with threats in case of refusal. Neverthe-
less the Shah of Persia was making every effort to
appease the effervescence caused by the arrival of
the deputation, and to prevent a movement against
the Russians. On the 31st ult., all the Turks who
were at Braila were sent from brigade to brigade
into their country. The whole of the Lower
Danube is under Russian sway. Russian function-
aries have replaced the Walla,chian ones. The
navigation between Braila and Constantinople is
quite free, but the Turkish, Wallachio-Moldavian,
and Samiote flags are forbidden.
The Ministerial Oest. Correspondenz says that at
the battle of Oltenitza, the Russian corps, com-
manded by General Perloff, at Oltenitza, was
9,000, and not, as was erroneously stated, 3,000
strong. The following is a summary of nearer,
and " perfectly credible" details given by the
Copirt. Zeitungs Correspondenz :—The island op-
posite Oltenitza, which affords a naturally strong
position, was on the 3d occupied by about 5,000
Turks, who were concealed from sight by the brush-
wood. Two thousand were procured to cross in
boats, and from 4,000 to 5,000 more posted on the
right bank of the river. D raring the night between
the 3d and 4th, the smaller arm of the river was
crossed to Oltenitza, and a position gained by force
of arms. The Russian pickets were at Oltenitza,
and the main body of troops behind that place."
Here, probably, should have been introduced in-
formation similar to that contained in the closing
paragraph of a letter of yesterday, relative to
the treachery of the Polish pickets. The battle
began at dawn, and both Russians and Turks
fought most obstinately. The cannonade lasted
18 hours. When the conflict began, the Russian
General could only dispose of 15,000 men, but a re-
inforcement of 4,000 men soon came up. Towards
noon the Turks lost -ground, but they soon re-
turned to the charge with renewed vigour. At
dusk the Russians were obliged to quit the field.
and fell back on their entrenched position near
Oltenitza. The Mussulmans immediately began
to throw up entrenchments and plant batteries on
the bank of the Danube. The battle is said to
have been most sanguinary, and the loss on both
sides very great. The Russians, who were in the
minority, behaved well, but the Turks fought with
a courage and fanatical resolution which will dis-
pel some illusions in reference to the efficiency of
the Ottoman army. Five superior Russian officers,
who were taken prisoners at Oltenitza, have been
sent to Constantinople.
A letter from Vienna, which takes a Russian
view of matters, says :—The first news of the battle
reached the British Embassy on the 6th, and some
hours later telegraphic intelligence of the same
event was received by the French and Russian
Ministers. Reinforcements continually arrive at
the places which are already occupied. The result
of the series of battles which took place on the 3d,
4th, and sth (a heavy cannonade was heard on this
last date, but no details of what had occurred have
arrived) appear to be that the Russians have to-
tally failed in driving the Turks into the river.
Some days since it was said that Giurgevo was for
the Russians one of the most important points on
the whole line of the Danube, and this Prince
Gortschakoff probably thinks, as fresh troopi are con-
tinually arriving there. The strength of the Rus-
sians in the Principalities has been much over-
rated, and, as they were taken by surprise, they
have until now played a losing game ; but no one
can be blind to the fact that the Turks on the
left bank are in imminent danger of being annihi-
lated when the Russian reserve corps can be brought
up. Few persons have more favourable oppor
tunities of learning the opinions of scientific mill.

tary men than rayself, and" one and all seem to be-
lieve that Omer Pasha will prove himself a won-
derful tactician if he can manage to get back his
troops to the right bank of the river without a fear-
ful loss. The following information is from a per-
fectly credible source :—Depots are forming at
Varna and Shumla for the deserters from the Rus-

sian army, who come over in great masses. The
Turks have passed the river at Carrasole, between
Silistria and Hirsova, and occupied the island of
Czernanoda.

The Wanderer gives the following interesting
account of the Russian forces in the Principalities :

" The following troops crossed the Pruth at Skuleni
(near Jassy) in July :
"1. The 4th army corps, under General of Infantry
Danenberg, consisting of —A—The 10th, 11th, and 12th
Infantry Divisions, under Lieut.-General Simonoff,

Major-General Perloff, and Lieut.-General Liprandi.
B—A division of light horse, under Lieut.-General
Count Nirod. C —An artillery division, under Major
General Sixtel.

2. A brigade of the sth army corps (Luders),
belonging to the 14th Infantry division, under Lieut.-
General Moller, commanded by General Engelhardt.
" 3. The sth division of light horse, belonging to the
sth army corps, under Lieutenant General Fischback.
"An infantry division has two brigades ; a brigade,
two regiments ; a regiment, 4,000 men ; a cavalry
regiment, 1,000.
"Number of troops which entered :-
3 infantry divisions, each 16,000 men 48,000
1 cavalry division, 4th corps ... ... 4,000
1 infantry brigade
... ▪
... 8,000
1 cavalry division, sth corps ... ... 4 000
1 battalion Chasseurs ,
• ... 4,000
10 regiments of Cossacks, each 600 men 6,000

,000
and the artillerymen. Each regiment has a 71battery of
12 guns, so that the' artillery which accompanied the
above-mentioned troops must have been 264 guns.
"Of Luders' army-corps, 2i divisions, or 40,000 men,
remained at Ismail, Odessa, and Sebastopool, but it is
presumed that the greater part of these troops have been
sent to Asia. It is probable that some 7,000 or 8,000
men passed the Pruth in August. If we suppose that
the regiments are as complete as they are on paper, and
make no deductions for the soldiers who have been car-
ried off by typhus and cholera in the Principalities dur-
ing the last four months, the total of the Russian army
cannot be larger than 80,000 men."
The Patrie of last evening says :—" Letters
from Vienna, dated in the morning of the 12th,
give various reports which were current on the
subject of the engagements on the Danube. Ac-
cording to these rumours, Omer Pacha has crossed
the river in person, and would be ready on the
4th, at the head of 35,000 men, to receive Prince
Gortschakoff, who was advancing to attack the
Turks."

A letter from Constantinople of the 31st ult., in
the Presse of Vienna, states that Selim Pacha had
made an incursion into the Russian territory, and
had driven back 5,000 Russians, who had opposed
him. The Russians lost 22 officers and 250 men.