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LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, 18, 1854.
SEPTEMBER

THE OVERLAND MAIL.

lordship directed that he should be accommodated
with a seat. The trial occupied five days, and on
Saturday evening last the jury returned a verdict
of "not guilty." Captain Haines, however, is still
in .custody, as the Judge-Advocate-General
inti-
Mated to Sir C. Jackson that he was not decided as
to whether he would prosecute Captain.llaines on
any of the other indictments or not. His lordship
has appointed this day to hear the Judge-Advocate-
General's determination. The Governor and Cum-
wander-in-Chief continue at Poona. We regret to
any -that there is a report current that the ship
William Gibson, which left this port for London
on the 17th instant, has been lost. We are at all
times chary of placing confidence in idle rumour,
but the sources from. which we htive heard of this
mishap leave but little margin to 'doubt its
exActitude ; however no official notice has yet been
published, and we suppose we must say that the
report requires confirmation. The money market
is easy, and the prospects of trade most favourable.
We have much pleasure in giving publicity to the
subjoined notification, which will appear in the
next Government Gazette :
GENERAL DEP:jinn/TT.
The GciVorrior in Council ea.:l not allow the recent
manifestations of loyalty and attachment to the British
crown and government by the population of Bombay to
pass without an expression of his satisfaction and gratifi-
catio'n. 2. The circumstance of large and influential
bodies of the native community responding to the invi-
tation .of the Most Noble the Governor-General in
Council, and coming forward voluntarily to observe a
day of prayer for the success of the British arms and the
restoration of peace, must be in the highest degree
gratifying to all who are friendly to the British Govern-
ment and favourable to the cause which it has espoused.
The Governor in Council will not fail to bring this
honourable fact to the notice of the higher authorities
both in India and in 'England..

AMERICA.

We have received, by the overland mail, de-
spatches from India and China, a telegraphic sum-
mary of which appeared in The Sun of Saturday
last. The dates, as then stated, are :—Bombay,
August 1; Calcutta, 3 ; Madras, 11 ; Shanghai,
July 15 - Amoy, 19 ; Hong Kong, 22.
The following is the summary of the Bombay
Times :
The news from Burmah reaches to the com-
mencement of July. Nothing had been heard of
the Nugent. If wood and iron could hold through
the gale, which the Lady Nugent must have en-
countered on the 24th and 25th of May, there is
every probability that she has not gone down at
sea. The vessel was rebuilt in 1843 of teak and
caul, and was cldssed A 1 at Lloyd's for ten years.
Ia 1853 she was replaced on the same number for
three years more, a fact which bets all doubts as
to her seaworthiness completely at rest. She was
carefully surveyed again at Madras before being
taken up by Government, and found to be thoroughly
provided with all necessary stores. The probabi-
lity is that she has been driven on shore on the
weather_ side of the Andamans, a fact' which will
account for the absence of any intellgence as to her
fate, as, it would be impossible for the crew to
communicate in that case with the BurmeSe or
Tenasserim coast. It would be idle to say that no
fears need be entertained as to the safety of the
passengers and ship's company? but the balance of
probability is beyond all question in favour of their
present existence. Energetic efforts are to be
made to raise the electric telegraph in Pegu.
Najor Durvernet, of the trigonometrical survey,
has been appointed superintendent, and it is ex-
p4cted that the posts will be erected by February
next. After being once established from Rangoon
to Prome, it will be carried across the Arracan
mountains, by Chittagong, to Calcutta. At Ran-
goon there was great activity in the dockyard,
about 20 large gunboats being in course of
building.
From Central Asia we have nothing of im-
portance to report. The Persians are said to .be
strengthening themselves at Merw, and the Rus-
sians continue to negotiate with the Herat chief,
who has been complaining to Dost Mahomed that
the Candahar chiefs continue to despoil him of
portions of his territory.
From the Punjaub we learn that the Afreedees

LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.

The British and North American Royal Mail
steamer Asia, Captain Lott, arrived here this
morning, a little after six o'clock, from New York,
with the usual mails, 81 passengers, and 1,086,000
dbllars in specie on freight.
The Asia left New York at 2.40 p.m: on the 6th,
bringing four days' later news than the last ar-
rival. On the Bth, 'at 7.15 a.m., passed a large
four-masted screw-steamer, supposed to be the
Glasgow, steering forward.
The United States mail steamer .Pacific, from
thiS port, reached New York on the 3d inst.
The United States Government have despatched
an agent, General. Cazenau, in a ship of war, to
negotiate a treaty with the republic of Dominica,
in the island of St, Domingo. This is a blow aimed
against the commerce of France.
A very serious riot took place at Philadelphia on
the Bth ult. It is thus described
The Turnerbund Jubilee at Lemon-hill attracted '
a great throng to-day. ." •
All was very pleaaant and ,quiet until about the
close of the festival, when a quarrel occurred be-
tween t'wo Gerniang on the platform, where danci ;if!:
was going on. The police interfered to separatelthe
combatants, and in carrying off one of the prisoners
used, him rather roughly, when his friends inter-
fered, and a grand row• ensued.
The peliee, being hard pressed, fired their re-
volvers, and several Germans were wounded, and
many of them were badly beaten with billies. Officer
S. Mansfield was stabbed, and officer J. Parker
was severely injured from the hard blows he re-
ceived. The Germans used fence rails in assailing the
officers.

TRe-
ports Bengal
sare
ft,
ofa urtletwc
iotfhAdruzwuasit
04fsasyevs
e:-.—nocfc her
Majesty's regiments from India for service in
Turkey, and there seems no reason to doubt that
several corps have received private warning to hold
themselves in readiness for service. As a natural
consequence of the above there are strong rumours
of an increase to the Company's European infantry,
and other circumstances tend to confirm the belief
prevalent in well-informed quarters that an aug-
mentation is about to take place."
CHINA.

The weather at New York is reported as cooler,
and the health of the city improving, the cases of
cholera being 14 less than the previous week.
The American Protestant Association have as-
sembled at Newark, N. J., to celebrate the first sit-
ting of the American Congress. The various lodges
of the order in New Jersey were in attendance and
there were also several from this city and neighbour-
hood. It it said that there were at least 3,000 per-
sons in attendance. Nothing occurred to mar the
scene until afternoon, whefi, as the procession passed
through one of the streets, it encountered a crowd
of opponents, who saluted it with.derisive shouts,
and finally a stone was thrown, whick struck one
of the Protestants. Just at this moment, as it is
related, several shots'were fired from a Roman. Ca-
tholic church• in the immediate vicinity. The pro-
cession broke for the "church instantly, and in a
short time completely sacked its interior, despoilinc,
the altar, and rendering it a complete ruin.
number of persons on both sides were badly hurt..
The crew of the ship John Rutledge, now lying in
harbour, bound for Liverpool, revolted on Sunday.
The mutineers were on Monday brought before
Mr. Commissioner Morton, and, after an exami-
nation, committed to prison.
There is news from Mexico to the 22d ult. The
Mexican papers assert positively that Count Bo ulbon
was shot. Santa Anna had issued a decree enabling
the religious orders to avail themselves of the civil
tribunals-to enforce upon the monks and clergy an
adherence to their vows. By thelast Englishpacket
a dividend was remitted to the .English holders of
Mexican bonds. It is repurted that Villareal, Al-
varez's next in command, and one of his most able
supporters, died atAcapulco from wounds received
in a late skirmish. Gomez, Alvarez's secretary, is
also reported to have died.

in the Kohat Pam are still engaged in settling dif-
ferences among themselves. Some travellers hav-
ing been robbed in that pass, the Deputy-Commis-
sioner of Kohat made a demand'for compensation,
and finally shut up the pass, preventing all trade.
Ofne particular tribe only, it seems, had been guilty,
and all the tribes in the pass met, with the inten-
tion of considering the .matter, and punishing the
offender. A correspondent of the Bengal Harkarit
in refetence to the matter remarks—" You have

The Overland Friend of China of the 22d states
that H.M.S. Baracouta had brought word from
Shanghai, which she left on the 14th of July, that
H,M.S. Encounter was going to scour the north-
eastern seaboard, where it was supposed the Rus-
sian fleet was to be heard of. The intelliuence
from Pekin is scanty, indecisive, and stale. L. the
interval of six weeks elapsed since former dates,
there had been time for the insurgent forces to
leave Nankin and gain the northern capital.
The Pelcils, Gazette of the sth of June contains a
memorial from Tsae-juy, recommending the applica-
tion for further subscriptions, in order to coin more
copper cash fur the current expenses of the Govern-
ment. He says that the outlay on account of the
army is becoming enormous, while, resources are
exhausted, and difficulties increase. Hwuy-tsing-
ming and his fellows have applied for contribu-
tiOns, and have recommended the coining of iron
cash, which have been brought into circulation,
and proved satisfactory as far as the supply went ;
but the memorialist suggests that the embarrass-
ments of the Government are daily becoming greater
and greater—the demands upon the treasury are
multiplied, while the resources of supply are dimi-
nished ; and although some relief may be afforded
for a time, there is no prospect of returning plenty.
Her Majesty's steam-ships Rattler and Styx
reached Shanghai, on their return from Nankin,
on the 7th inst.

heard, I dare say, that Captain Coke has shut up
the Kohat Pass once more (about a week ago).
Some men were robbed in the Pass within the
Akhor boundary. The deputy-commissioner of
Kohat called on the people of Akhor for compensa-
tion, according to treaty. They made lame
excuses, and the deputy slammed the door of the
Pass, and bolted it with the usual blockade,
declarina there should be no more trading
with Kohat or Peshawur for Jack Afreedee,
until he came to terms. Explanations soon ensued,
and it appeared that a feud bad been raging between
Akhor and Bostee-khel, with various ups and
downs of manslaughter. The men of Bostee-khel
proving the strongest, set some of themselves to
commit robbery in the Akhor district, and so got
the Akhorees into trouble. Akhor did not mind
Baying the amount leviable as compensation for
the loss inflicted on the travellers, but thought the
same thing would occur every week, and become
ruinous ; so Akhor declined to pay, with a view to
a parliamentary inquiry. And at this moment all
the tribes of the Pass and their allies are holding
a pwachrteet on the feud, with. a view to punching
Bostee-khel's head. Tile row is all among the Afree-
ciees themselves ; and until they settle it, their trade
is most effectually stopped. Gradually they will
learn that their own interest is to keep order." We
formerly announced that the electro-telegraphic
cable had been carried across the Beeas, and have
now to mention that everything is ready for placing
a cable of three miles in length across the Sutlej.
At the last meeting of the Paris Exhibition Com-
mittee at Lahore the display of local manufactures
was said to be very creditable, and a large collec-
tion will be sent down to Bombay to be forwarded
to Europe. Many merchants in the Punjaub have
signified their intention of forwardinc, goods to
the Exposition on their own account. Large quan-
tities of English iron have reached Atok for
the suspension-bridge to be thrown across the
Indus. Mr. Colvin, it is stated, has sent in a
proposition for- constituting Nainee Tal the vir-
tual capital, of the north-west provinces, that is
for making it the seat of government, and for
building a suitable residence for the lieuenant-

The Imperialists were courteous at Chinkeang
and at Silver Island, and are said to be in con-
siderable force on both sides the Key of the Yang-
tszo." The large quantity of coal lying along the
wharf at Nankin, which the steamers were anxious
to secure, the insurgents would not allow to be
touched on any consider tion. They strangely
enough alleged that it belonged to God, and it
would be blasphemy to touch it.
At Shanghai a lengthy correspondence has been
published between her Britannic Majesty's pleni-
potentiary and British merchants, the latter pray-
ing that demands for arrears of duties may ho
brought against them, and tried in the Supremo
Court of Hong Kong. To this request the pleni-
potentiary will not accede, and has told them that
the only appeal from the consul's decision will be
to him as the representative of her Britannic Ma-
jesty.
Canton (says the Overland Friend of China of
July 22) is now on the point of all anxiety, and
though not in the actual possession of rebels it is
apparently the next thing to it. As we write a
letter arrives, written yesterday, from which we
learn that firing and fighting had been going on
on the hills in the rear of the city for several
hours, and every one was anxious to see what the
result would be. Business at a complete stand still,
and all Chinese possessing the means moving away
as fast as possible. The plans for capturing Canton
appear to have been laid with much foresight and
skill. All the troops that could be sent from the
garrison were first attracted to the Toong-koon dis-
trict. That being effected, Ho-Aluk, the rebel
leader, 'then moved up the river towards Fat-shan,
passing with a body of three thousand picked men,
it has been ascertained, within a couple of miles of
the foreign factories.
Fat-shan (a rich town some 10 miles above Can-
ton) beinY occupied, and the residents laid under
tribute, Ho-Aluk's bands now assail the Tartar
encampment at the northward of the city. Two
nights ago they made an attempt to enter the city
at its northern and eastern gates, and not until
they had captured two mandarins, and killed and
wounded several others, did they desist from the
attack. Before going to press, it .is not unlikely
tbat we may have to tell of the citadel hiving been
taken and the regime of a couple of centuries
brought to a close.
For the protection of British property at Canton
the Comus, 14 guns, is moored off the factories,
and the sloop Racehorse is to go up from this to
join her there in a day or two. The Americans
have the steamers Queen and John Hancock and
schooner J.. F+ Cooper, with a
couple of chop boats,
and some four score men from the Vincennes, at
Whampoa. This force is strong enough to effect
anything necessary. The French corvette LaJeanne
d'Arc remains at Macao, where we trust she will
Stay until the Portuguese corvette Dom Joao re-
returns from Ningpo. French interests at Canton.
are not very great, and not likely to suffer much
by the forthcoming emeute. French fingering of
this Chinese bourbillon is strongly,
to be depre-
cated.
From the coast we learn that the
large and rich
town of Suatow, in the Fukien province, has been
burnt by a party who had taken possession of it.
h we From the North China Herald, of the 15t
take the following :

governor, with accommodation for the public
offices. Among the obituaries is that of Mr. Philip
Melvill, of the Bengal civil service, who had been
for nearly five years secretary to the late board of
administration for the affairs of the Puujaub. In
some parts of the Nizam's dominions serious ap-
prehensions of a famine are entertained, if the
country be not speedily visited with more abundant
supplies of rain. The Nizam's cavalry volunteered
bnleunyeedediend,aii7utpwairtthotfhtahnekswtohrel,ilr wollli,oerrewtahsedyemelii
their services to the Governor-General to be em-
gnedt
for the present. An attempt was made at Hydera-
bad, by seven Jeinadars, to place the Nizam's De-
wan in confinement, in order to force from him the
payment of certain arrears due ; but the project
having been betrayed the minister immediately ap-
prehended all the conspirators, of whoth Vendrut
Ali Khan, the chief of the Rob Was, was one. The
prompt action of the minister, the authority which
lie has shown that he possesses, and the submis-
sion of the great Rohilla, chiefs, are facts full of
promise for the quietness of the future. All the new
arrangements in regard to the Hyderabad contin-
gent have now been carried out. The Resident has
the power of appointing native officers, • while the
same powers in regard to English officers are in the
hands of the Governor-General. The Resident has
now, for his guidance in military matters, a military
secretary, drawing a salary of 1,500 rupees monthly.
The contingent itself is to consist of not less than
four field batteries of artillery, 2,000 cavalry, and
2,000 infantry, the command being vested in two
brigadiers, one having his head-quarters at Aurun-
eabad, and the other at Bolarum. It is expected,
however, that in a short time there will be only one
brigadier. The whole financial economy of the
Contingent is placed under the direct control of the
Bengal departments. The Madras government, we
are informed, have taken up the subject of improve-
ment in native agriculture, and purpose offering
prizes, &c., to encourageimprovement. Lord Harris
has postponed his visit to the Godavery. It is gene-
rally supposed inEuropo that cholera never ascends
more than a thousand feet or so above the level of
the sea ; but the Madras papers mention the death
of a German missionary en the Neilgherries, or, as
they are better called, the Blue Mountains, which
are eight thousand feet high. It is said to be the
first case of cholera among Europeans which has oc-
curred, but that disease is not uncommon among
the natives on those hills, as on those of Mahabu-
leshwur. From Calcutta the only items of in-
telligence are that Lord Dalhousie is expected
to remain in India if his health permits until 1856.
The Russian war is the reason assigned for his lord-
ship's stay. The Lieutenant-Govel nor of Bengal has
proceededon a tour of inspection, and.is not expected
to be again in Calcutta before October. The Bank
of Bengal has declared its 31st dividend. It is at the
rate of 10 per cent. per annum. Sir Lawrence Peel
has intimated his intention of leaving India at the
end of the year, ill health compelling hislordship to
resign. Of local matters we have not much to
chronicle. The trial of Captain Haines, es-political
agent at Aden, for embezzlement, commenced on
Tuesday, the 25th instant, before the Hon. Sir
Charles Jackson. The jury were composed entirely
of Europeans, the great majority of them being gen-
tlemen employed in banks, mercantile offices, and as
auctioneers, and consequently well accustomed to
accounts. Capt. Haines came to the court with his
solicitor, Mr. Jefferson, near whom he sat until his
lordship took his seat on the bench, when he walked
into the dock and bowed respectfully to the judge.
The jury having been duly sworn, the clerk of the
Crowe read the first indictment,
containing twenty-
two different items, charging embezzlement and
fraudulent misappropriation of public money, to
which Captain Haines pleaded "not guilty." The
Advocate-General, assisted by Messrs. Howard and
Lowndes, conducted
the case for the prosecution,
and Messrs. Taylor and Standen defended the pri-
soner. Mr. Taylor applied for . permission for Cap-
tain Haines to be allowed to sit near his counsel,
but his lordship said that it had been ruled that in
all cases of felony the prisoner should be in the
duck, and as Captain Haines had already been ar-
raigned there it was necessary he should remain in
the dock. Every opportunity o w uld be afforded
to hilia of ouzpauthoung with his cow 3 el awl his

We understand that despatches were received on the
13th inst. at the British SuperintendenCy and the Ame-
rican Legation, from the respective consulates at Ningpo,
giving information that hostilities had taken place there
between the Portuguese and the Chinese, the Portuguese
corvette Dom Joao I. with a fleet of 15 Portuguese
lorchas, having fired upon the piratical fleet in the service
of the Taoutae of that place, &c. As we understand it, the
Portuguese corvette was despatched from Macao last
May, to visit all the ports on the coast as far as Shang-
hai, and at the same time to settle at Ningpo some dif-
ficulties which had taken place between the Portu-
guese and Chinese, and to claim from the latter in-
demnification for two or three lorchas plundered and
captured by the piratical fleet, which has for some
time past been in the service of the, Taoutae of Ningpo.
The corvette arrived at Ningpo about 24th of June,
and we are told that Captain Lopez made the ne-
cessary demands, to which the Taoutae gave evasive re-
plies
he
t,
samehat
tune all would p br
piratical
i nettledca l
fleet
commenced properly,e e
mmmaking pre-
parations for a fight, landing their guns and mountim &c., whilst at
them on the top of the city wall, threatening to blow the°
corvette out of the water if she attempted any attack.
We have not got full particulars as to how hostilities
first commenced, all we hear being to the effect that at
4 p.m. on Monday last the Portuguese were firing at
the piratical junks, and at their defences on shore.
• It
was
rumoured at Ningpo that the Portuguese were
going to land the next da:y and march into the city,
the object being to seize the piratical chief " Apak. '

THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAT.—The Great Western
Railway Company have closed the thoroughfare in a
line from Westbourne-terrace to the Harrow-road, for
the purpose of pulling down the bridge and erecting a
new one. In the meantime, directions are given on a
notice board, that the public are to make use of the
next bridge facing Southwick-gardens, and which is dig-
nified by the name of the Ranelagh-bridge. A little
farther down the line, below the place where they take
the tickets on arrival, they have pulled down the brick
and stone bridge and erected one entirely of iron, the
roadway and sides being of that material, and the bridge
is three times the width it was before, supported by iron
pillars of a light and handsome character. The bridge
is quite horizontal and very lofty, so that there are no
arches, and the company have been enabled to lay down
several additional lines of rails. The new bridge is a very
handsonie structure.

~, / /

'/ ` -=~~~

/

~~~~1

3ltsjor• of the army, Is headed in times- CV patine by 'etc
marshals, the number of whom during war may be iirs-
creased to 12. At the top of this list at present stands
the name of Prince Jerome Napoleon—a fact which it
is only fair to mention, since it detracts somewhat fro
the claims of a system founded and apparently worked
out upon the principle of rewarding merit, irrespective
of family interest. The general officers belonging to
the Etat Major are divided into two soetions; the one
" active" the othe rin " reserve." The first consists of
80 generals of division and 160 generals of brigade. To
that section belong all the officers filling . the chief com-
mands of the empire. It also includes a large num-
ber of inferior officers hording,- 'or qualified to hold,
staff appointments, and who are thereby placed on
a very favourable . footing for promotion as , core- -
rank with others of the same ra in },he army
not so qualified. Up to the rank of captain they
rise by seniority as vacancies occur in the, Etat
Major, but afterwards the rapidity of their career depeeda
upon the merit and ability they display and the extent
to which their services are appreciated by the Emperor •
and the Minister of War. Of course, under Such cir-
cumstances there is great scope for favouritism, but,
supposing access to the Etat Major at the outset care-
fully barred against stupidity and incompetence, the
danger arising therefrom must be much diminished.
This result is accomplished by rendering those alone
eligible for the Etat Major who have passed through
the special military school at St. Cyr, and taken the
highest honours there.
I But, great as has been the care with which the Etat
Major of the French army has been organised, that
f°l.l" only .a portion of the provision which has been
made to secure for this splendid service the full benefit
of the best energy and talent in the country. St. Cyr
and the Polytechnic are liberally endowed with
bursaries for the sons .of distinguished officers, who
qualify themselves by passing the severe preliminary
examinations to enter. The cost of education, however,
must place both institutions beyond the reach of many ;
and in consequence the colonel of each regiment, with
the sanction of the hshi g.eohlave:ciitchiueosnrdiaties authorities, has
sa s the power to
fillmo sutpmoenrie-ttohriiruds of
fout occurcomm afrnoamwthhoe
have served not less than two years. While the Colonel
has one portion of the appbintments
tni
another. portion belongs to the Minister
of t
ae
rd,
wt oh
ohihnaas,
the power of transferring from one regiment or arm of
the service-toin-FA her where vacancies giving promotion
occur. The last share in the appointments to the French
army belongs to the Schools of the Polytechnic and St.
Cyr. The clever of the former, according to the ex-
aminations which they. have passed, are appointed to the
Government mines, the roads, and bridges to the En_
gineers, the Artillery, or, last of all, as officers of the
line, for which, however, the abstract nature of their
studies is not supposed particularly to adapt them. The
students of St. Cyr, on the other hand, receive a special
military education, and are perfectly drilled and trained

as soldiers during the two years they remain at the
school. The system of purchase is unknown, but where
a man, otherwise willing to retire, is unable to do so
from his circumstance?, it is not unusual to buy him
out.. Besides the educational establishments already
mentioned, there are others which, though not car-
rying with them commissions, form important auxi-
liaries to professional excellences. Among these
may bs mentioned the Bccle d'Application de
l'Artillerie Let du Genie, the Normal School for
Tirailleurs, and that for Gymnastics at Vincennes.

The Norman School for Tirailleurs is also worthy of notice
in connexion with the constant practice which the French
soldier has in firing at marks. Every year he receives
500 ball cartridges for this purpose.
Among the different establishments connected with
the organisation of the French army, that for Military
equipages appears to be for us one of the most important.
There are five central establishments for the construction

and repair of military equipages at Vernon, Chateau-
roux.. Algiers, Oram, and Philipeville, with a squadron of
men for each, and a large staff of veterinary officers.
The Service de Sante of the French army is adminis-
tered by a staff including more than 1,000 men, and the
military hospitals form a separate department, with a
corps of 300 principal officers and first and second class
adjutants. Clothing and camp material go together,
and are supplied under the control of 70 officers and
adjutants, while the commissariat engage the attention
of 300 officers and adjutants.
The chief Feats of the artillery establishments are at
Paris, Douai, Metz, Lafere, Strasbourg, Besancon,
Lyons, Toulouse, Rennes, Bourges, and Algiers, most
of these having schools in connexion with them. The

manufacture of small arms and of gunpowder is included
in the administration of this branch of service, which

also extends its care to the formation of a fine museum
and library.

,-

With reference to the Engineer Corps, its lrld-quar.
ters are at Arras, Metz, and Montpelier, each having
schools in connection with them. The great school for
the application of artillery and engineering has already
been noticed.

The constitution of courts-martial in France has this
peculiarity, that there must be one member upon them
of the rank of the accused, though his senior in
standing.
The stupendous and undue development which
military profession has received in France to the great
injury of its more peaceful and permanent interests fur-
nishes an example which England does wisely not to
imitate as a whole, but there seem many important
points in that system by which we could improve our
own, and as the French army is adopting our plan of
manoeuvring in extended line two deep, we, on our side,
need not be ashamed to copy improvements sanctioned
'by the usage of onr great ally. No one who is at all
acquainted with the immense development of the mate•
rial arts in England, and especially mechanics, can view
with other feelings than those of disappointment and
humiliation the undoubted fact that we are at present • r.
gaged in repelling the aggressions of the barbarous north
with weapons of war which bear no proportion in their
superiority to that which exists in the amount of intelli-
genes and civilization engaged on either side.