The Sun.
London, England, 1838-08-01 00:00:00

LABouums,

"My Good Friends,—l write this to you, that you may a'l know
that a law has passed the Legislature of this colony making you all
free on the Ist of August next. You know by King William's law
that the non-prxdials, that is, all those who did not work in the tidds,
were all to be freed on the Ist of August this year, 1838, and that you,
who were called prmdials, who did work in the fields, were to work for
your employers two years more, as apprentices—that was, to the year
1640. Now see what your employers have done for you. They
have given you your complete Ilvedom two years berme they were
obliged to do so by the law. Now attend, anti I will explain to
you why they have done so. It is be you have behaved well, and
and oi.iedient to the old law, and because
tl)l7,:yatazsreeysrrehyanylleUb'ellTdooradleirillYs your power, when you ate free, to keep
up that good character which you have made as apprentices; and this
your emP'oYors consider entitles you to your freedom, at the same
titnee that King Willi
ne.am's law makes free the uon.p; wdials, so as to
:rak you all the as
• " You have worked well for your employers : now, hear me, and work
well for yourselves; because your employers will now pay you money
wages for your labour. All tree people work—ay, and work hard too. In
England, and other free countries, it is the pride of the most respectable
of the labourers to boast that they work hard fir their bread, and that
they bring up their children, give them education, and keep their wives
smart arid neat, by the work of their own hands. 'Now, wit you be un-
grateful to your employers, and will you neglect y cur wives and chil-
dren, and not work, because you are no longer aoprentices ? No, to be
sure you will not ; you will not be such fools—for, suppose you do not
work well, how can your employer make sugar; and suppose he cannot
make sugar, how can he pay you money-wages ? Therefore, you see, it
is your interest to work well, and regifarty, t hat he may be able to pay
you money.wages. You know lam your friend and Governer ; you
know I vcver deceive you, and when you conic to my house to make
complaints, I always see you myself, and tell you tt hat is for your good.
Now, hear my advice. I beg you to show your gratitude to your
employers for making you all free, by conducting yourselves orderly and quietly,.and by performing the work you engage to do for wages
well and quickly, 1)o not listen to what some foolish people may tell
you about being free, and that you may now sleep or sit down in the
shade as much as you please—that is all nonsense. Rea.ember that all
free people, who are able, must work, and that those who wish to be re-
spectable toot k haul and save up their money, and when they get too old,
then theysit down and have something comfortalle :o dye upon. I her t Etre,
be industrious; work well, and try to lay by money against you get
old, and snake for yourselves good characters fur honesty and industry,
and you wi.l be sure always to gat good service. I must a'so caution
you against wandering about the country, because, as free peco•. c.
You will get yourselves into troub:e by so doing, becauso of the Vagrant
Act.

" I have at present no,.l.ing more to say to you, but that I hope you
will pray to God Almighty to bless your gracious young Otteen Victoria,
and that you will also offer up your prayers for your employers, 'di('
have made you all free on the Ist of A ugust next.
" I am your friend, C. J. noyLE, Lieutenant. Governor.
" Gorertiment.house, June 8, 1838."

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC :lOU RN L

A discussion, or rather a conversation, of some interest
occurred in the House of Commons last night en the stile-
ject of the management of the British Museum. Mr.
Hawes made objections to the internal regulations in t' e
distribution and superintendence of the various d part ment s,
which induced Sir Robert Pee! to advert to the rep( rt of
the Select Committee, and particularly to the rccommeeda-
tions it contained. The Right Hon B.renet stated bow
far the trustees had carried those re.ommendations into
effect, and how far they' had not pail attention to them, en
the ground that they did not concur in them, ryd as an in-
dependent body were not bound to adopt such as they
thought would be disadvantageous to the institution and
injurious to its objects. We own that to us. he seemed to
make out a good case upon three points—l. 'file fill-
ing up of vacancies among the trustees : 2. The mode
in which each department was placed under one re-
sponsible head ; and 3. The expense of habitations
for the principal officers. We do not say that we
agree with Sir Robert Peel in thinking , that the
principal officers ought to be lodged under the roof
of the Mtiseum, but only that he established that the
cost of building houses for them would not be, as had been
supposed, 5,000/. each, but about half that rum. What
Mr. Warburton suggested upon this point deserves at-
tention, viz., that as the Museum is a perpetually increasing
establishment, the time may come when there will not ba
room for the officers under its roof, end the apartmen's
they had occupied would then be ill adapted to the pur-
pose of public exhibition. There is no question that the
management of the British Museum within the last few
years has been vastly improved, and it is perhaps fair to at-
tribute no small part of the improvement to the inquiri's
of the Committee and to the active exertions of its Chair-
man. At the suggestion of Mr. C. Lushington and several
other Members, Lord John Russell consented to postpone
the consideration of the amendments of the Lords to the
Benefices Pluralities Bill until Monday. This was the
only Order of the Day on which any considerable dis-
cuss:on was expected.—Morning Chronicle.
Of the munificent subscription which was made last year
fur the relief of Highland destitution, it is perhaps rot
Rent-rally known that the London Committee, after having
liberally satisfied the more pressing demands of the crisis,
retain a surptus of nearly 20,0001., which has been care-
fully deposited at. interest in a Scotch bank, and drawn
upon as often as straggling exigencies required. That. a s
sum should have accumulated so much beyond the imme-
diate necessities of the case is a circumstance which may.
be easily accounted for. These matters cannot always be
ca'culated to a nicety. In stating the gross amount that
weu'd he probably needed, the Committee, we are cer-
tain, made as near an approximat:on to the truth as they
possibly could ; and when we bear in mind that public
sympathy would prefer to be rather over the mark than
under it-that it was wise to make some provision for
uafcreseen contingencies, several of which have ac-
tually occurred—that even after the subscription had
been closed by advertisement considerable sums pre-
viously collected in remote parts of England were paid in—
and, finally, that the fisheries and harvest were both earlier
and snore productive than had been counted on, whereby
many of the sufferers were unexpectedly released from their
dependence on the fund—when these facts, we say, are borne
in mind, the accumulation of the surplus in question will
occasion no surprise whatever. And while the Committee,
as we have good reason to know, exercised the utmost c:r-
cumspection and economy in all their advances, neither are
they chargeable with having parsimoniously hoarded the
couttibutions intrusted to their cue. According to the
testimony of the co-operating Relief Comthittees in Edin-
burgh and Glasgow, every necessary attention has been
paid to the proper discharge of their important trust : so
much so, that these northern Committees, being evidently
unaware of the distress still existing in the remote district of
She:lend, have reported their impression that the purpos:
of the subscription have been fully answered, and that
at present there remains no greater destitution than
the people are commonly accustomed to. How far such
an impression may have been superinduced by the known
anxiety of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Committees to en-
courage emigration, is a point which, notwithstanding their
disclaimer of any wish to divert the surplus funds into that
channel, we cannot undertake to solve. Be this as it may,
the question, what shall be done with the money ' has lately
been forced upon the London Committee by one of their own
Members, who having hit upon the happy notion that these
surp!us funds would form a tolerable substitute for a testa-
met.tary legacy which he would otherwise be obliged to
make, has succeeded in carrying a proposition, whereby (if
we do not spoil matters), no small sum will be spared to his
heirs, and no small " glamour" practised upon the public.
The resolutions of the Committee upon this precious job,
which were carried at a comparatively thin meetingby a bare
majority of one. have reccctly been advertised in our journal;
but, from various causes, we have notyetbeen able tosubject
them te tha c.s'iga'i n they det e:vc. Let our readers attend.
A gallant ds speefe, who delights in imagining that by a
similar perversion of funds he became the founder of the
floating hospital called " the Dreadnought," becomes un-
well a few summers ago, and visits the Strathpeffer Spa,
in Rcssshire, a part of the country where the worthy invalid
has souse interest in doing popular things, ina-much as a
Presbytery therein returns him annually as a lay represen-
tative to the General Assembly of the Scotch Church.
With recruited health, though still not so hale as we could
tieli,ioirns.b;,amatlnoredngnoealdeloaprrdagsiresiion for founding hospitals returns upon
gcliyr,cle of f
after prieriesndeesu, ttinigie R
an
oases!!
sviei
rseu b
Waterscri p-
Infirmary, which will probably be called " The Advance-
nouhl," was fairly set afloat with prospects of usefulness
and an absence of endowment that loft nothing to be de-
sired but the present or posthumous liberality of the
founder. Meanwhile, the benevolent Spa-drinker bad be-
come identified wi II other interesting objects of affection
whose claims upon him arc even stronger than those of his
Strathpeffer progeny. Still the endowment of the High-
land institution could not be wholly lost sight of. In this
trying emergency a large surplus fund happens to be pro-
videntially stumbled on, as in the case of " the Dread-
nought ;" and hence, with the view of putting " the Ad-
vance-nought" on a footing independent of the Honourable
Gentleman's will, the London Committee have been so
laboriously canvassed in favour of the Rosshire hospital,
that the English money subscribed for the relief of a High-
land famine is threatened to be turned aside for relieving
the founder of that hospital from the necessity of provid:ng
for its permanency. This is the real history of the Strath-
peffer job, in opposition to which, notwithstanding the im-
portunate letters and memorials got up in its favour from
divers local parties, we now call upon the London Com-
mittee's constituents and supporters to strengthen the
hands of the honest and overborne minority. To
give an adequate Expression of our astonishment at
the cool effrontery which produced the proposal,
and the reprehensible inadvertency which acquiesced
in it, is wholly beyond our power. A more flagrant viola-
tion of the original purpose for which the funds in question
were contributed ire can hardly conceive. Why, if a sum
of money subscribed for the express object of securing the
Moe pr posers return as representative for Nottingham or
Pai-ley had been applied to the furtherance of his election
as elder for a Rosi-shire Presbytery, the misappropriation
eculd trot pos,ihly have been greater than that which is
now contemplated ; and the elm/ming professions whereby
a roicitude is expressed to accomplish as near as may be
the beneficent do sign of the decors, on'y renders the matter
the more odious and discreditable. Talk of approaching
the beneficent &siert, forsooth ! The deli ;n was a special
one, and as distinctly defined ss intelligible words could
make it. What the subscril'ers gave their money for was
the fof Highland suffering in a spac'ficd form,
and under a particular emergency. With this design
the Strethp, her business Las no rihaity whatever ;
and if the lat!tr be defentib!e en the ground of its
re/jesting distressed Ilighlandere, by enabling the m to mi-
grate from one county to another for the benefit of their
hea'th, the same argument seielit equally justify an appli-
cafon of the funds to emigration purposes, inasmuch as the
pl,y,ieal seffetiega of whole district- might thereby be al-
d by a se-scnable removal to more piomosing and
ereductive fields of iudustrv. Besides, how doss this
gentleman and his Strathpuffer sur.perters know that the le-
deumAs moil this fund i.re vet at an end ? Within
th, s.s six weeks the Conin.i tee hove voted 5601. to the
existing distrt as in Shetland ; and if :he accounts from that
quarter he tierliy of credit, the present rufferiaq s cf
the Shetlandere are such, that the whole sorplui
To
hand would n. t he too much to relieve titer.
•
provide c0,,i1 for tare ing
purpose o t`-e subscriptiqn ;
tland case is overstated,
was_ t.:e so,e
on the srepn:dtion that the Sae
purpose is to be
ore n :tetrads, concludes, that I
departed from
think) formerly gave
iii4Llinadad" therafora, deer
(neompetentlee
would lead them to
to the des7i.ute cavers of Pais,lie,iy,
the
conmittee in any cbgree., the grant Pof 2,000/., which
:vest of Scotland ; end let us add that
loam c: env: m the re.
the funds
the advocacy f such an applicianon o he
.might be
turn their thoughts to the mmiaseyre
hdi.preotid:.t.todo.neol'atnheoltiaiente.lt...
no unset vi.., able reconinientonion to any Patliamentary
whnrn
'1)-atiititle Committee can g ve the pull
e
e'ie trod: LT.
s act ry g nice
'rsebject the Ilighlarders to any r•:..cur-
ospirau
that bad crops and unsuci essful
ft
st,)oti
tear' of privations for many years to come, the pro Oral,
to diet re a ai.gie pat ny e f this money from its original rear-
pose carnet possibly he listened to. Strathpt ffer hcspitel
m-..v be a reuen-needed and usaful institution ; but ifso, let
cs h ,ve a s, p ,rate subscription for it on its own merits.
Tiie benefits which its friends wish to confer on the
iliehlanders are utterly for. ien to those which the linislisb
übA,Tiers cont crnelated, inenmuch as they arc of an ortli-
EA'y, pener..,e.eunt character, ~.nereas the

contribution which certain parties wish to pervert for their
favourite purpose was meant to diffuse its aids to the whole
Highlands and islands of Scotland in extraordinary and
critical emergencies. Just suppose that this misappropria-
tion were quietly effected, and that another Highland
dearth were to ensue in a year or two, we beg to know with
what face a new appeal could be made to the public, or
with what liberality it would probably be responded to?
There need be no hurry at all in disposing of this money.
We trust the subscribers will let the Committee know their
mind upon the subject in a very peremptory way ; and if
any proposal be entertained in regard to the endowment of
an hospital, we insist that a lunatic asylum is the most ap-
propriate sphere of usefulness within which the proposal and
the proposers ought alike to be confined.—Times.
We are happy to find, from a conversation which was
introduced last night in the House of Peers by the ques-
tions of Lord Brougham, that there exists a disposition on
the part of their Lordships, some of whom are eminently
qualified for the task, to sift to the bottom the recent con-
duct of the Indian Government towards the Royal Family
of Oude. 'We rejoice in the prospect of such an investi-
gation, because we believe that the safety of our Indian em-
pire depends wholly upon the opinion which we have taught
the natives of India to entertain of the superior intelli-
gence, integrity, and vigour of the British character ;
atal because we find, in the papers recently laid be-
fore the House of Commons, the whole of which we
published on Saturday last., appalling evidence that
Englishmen in high, we might say the highest, sta-
tions in India, have, in their recent transactions
with the kingdom of Oude, displayed broadly, and
even ostentatiously, the most contemptible weaknesses,
and the most odious vices of the Oriental charac-
ta r. Lord Brougham's first question was, whether the
order had b:en sent from this country to place the uncle of
the deceased Sovereign upon the Throne instead of his
son ? To this question Lord Glenelg had no hesitation to
rep'y that no orders had been sent out to Lord Auckland
upon the subject, and that he hal acted in the matter
ueun his own judgment. We would recommend Lord
Brougham, the next time that he becomes inquisitive upon
this subject, to inquire of Lord Glenelg whether Lord
Auckland, when he went out to India, did not go with the
impression carefully and diligently imparted to him, by
means of written instructions, or of verbal intercourse
with members of the Government here, that it was the
determined policy of the British Government to break
t'e-ou_;h the existing treaty with the then Sovereign
of 0.-le, to diminish hi; territory, his wealth, and his
power, and to divest him of whatever small remnant of in-
dependence the existing treaey had left him. It is better that
questions of this nature should be asked in the House of
Parliament in %Odell Lord Glenelg can be present than
elsewhere. Lord Glenelg was P,e;elent of the Board of
Coetroul when the Court of King's Bench was applied to for
it; mandamus, to corepel the Court of Dirac' ors of the East
India Compeny to send out an order that the King of
(Jude should be commanded, upon pain of the displeasure
and resentment of the British Government of India, to pay
obsolete, usurious, and debt; to an amount far ex-
ceeding that of the National lleht of Etaeand, and far
ceedii g the wealth of all the native Piinees of India, if it
could all he gatliored into cne help. Lora G!enelg was
Preeileet of the Board of Controul when tie Cent of lli-
rrctors re''used, or at least withliela, obedience to the cons-
mana of that Beard, even when reinforced by the mandamus
of the Court of King's Beech. herd Ghene'g was Presi-
dent of the Beer] of Centroul wl:en t' eoettunecv
of gate Court of ar,ctors wag left u .in
when r; parts were rife el it a coana on,lie led be. n effcc•
t io virtue of wh'cli the par:ies in El gland who were
i,tcr:,sted in the prepo.t..r:mi iig,i,:st the IC:ng o!'
01(10 wee to be sati.,!l!d by the East IndiaCena2anv, and
the East India Gover,lment were to he 1 ft bv the Baird
Cf.ntroul without any controul liatever io their pro-
ceedings towards the K ng of(,ogre, whose tem ritories word
tempth g, and r.hese arcurnul,ltyd tre,,sercs were known to
ho inlmense. Lord Glenelg was also, we b pr„i-
tient if the Board of ContJeul whim " Lord William Ben
t;uck 11).7S einiewered to take final nwasurcs for CLl-
siniil r the Government of ()::de foe a cc. lain period."
We mu_t here t xpl:tin from who.n ac borrow the very im-
pole ant v. cheek which we hove rna,kod in We have
found them at the bottom of page 621 of tl.e se,o-nfl io-
-I,mie rf a work publi,hed in November, 1837, by \V. Allen
znid C , boikiaers to the I lenenrahle the Best India Com-
yeviy, under the title of " The Rise and Progress if the
Beige.:"' Power in In.lia." The author of this work, as the
tile page *enforces us, is Mr. Auber. Arid Mr. Auber wis
for many yea-s, and at the period when this work
was written and published coati: u d to be, the private and
confi•!ential Secretary of the Ilmourable the Court of Di-
rector; of the i!a;t India Compeny, eejoying the advantage
a: unrestrained' aecee,s to all the munimet.ts and records
of tale Ct.dart, awl, of ours", dug, saying, writing, and
esreiali, printing., nothing which he did not know to be
true, and imagine to be quit.; agreeable to Lis lion. Mas-
t-rs. What we hove now stated afferls the strongest pos-
sible reason for the belief that the affairs of Outle cannot
he so well investigated anywhere as in that Assembly
acrLhrli enjoys the advantage of Lord Gienelg's presence.
\Ve hope, therefor:, and belie; e that Lora Brougham will
sticie to the subject in the house of Lords, until every-
thing that is ob,cure and mysterious abcut it be completely
cleared up. The next questions of Lord Brougham re-
lated to the preference given to the uncle over the son of
the late King, on the alleged ground that this
was agreeable to the Mahomedan law ; and to the
agreement signed by the uncle, or, as the papers show, ex-
torted from him, before he was invited by the British Re-
sident at Lucknow, to the palace and throne of his ances-
tors. Lord Brougham asked only for the papers already
laid before the House of Commons, for the purpose of
elucidating these questions. But Lord Ellenborough sug-
gested the necessity of additional papers. We cannot
doubt that in this respect the latter Noble Lord is entirely
in the right, for the papers which Sir John Cam Hohhouse
has placed upon the table of the House of Commons, pre-
sent, if they are not to be qualified or explained by further
documents, a case for the impeachment of Lord Auektand
of high crimes and misdemeanors. The document of the
earliest date in the printed laper4 now before us is a me-
morandum by Colonel Low, the British Resident at Luck-
now, written on the 3d of July, 1837, " in order (we
quote the words of the document) to show what persons
are the nearest heirs to the throne of Oude. Their
names," the document proceeds, " shall be placed in this
list in the regular order of their proximity of relationship
to the `resent King of Oude, according to the Mahomedan
law." Colonel Low then goes on to make his list, placing
all the sons of the grandfather of the reigning Sovereign
before the sons of the reigning Sovereign, or the sons of
the next eldest son of the common ancestor, Saadut Ali
Khan. This, Colonel Low tells the Governor-General of
India, without quoting any authority, is according to the
Mahomedan law. But the Mahomedan law must then be
a very changeable law indeed ; or the deference of the Bri-
tish authorities in India to it must he a principle of policy
very recently adopted ; for it is quite. clear from Colonel
Low's own statement, that on tire two last occasions when
the Oude throne became vacant, the succession was, in
fact, determined by the European law of representation,
and not by Colonel Low's Mahomedan law of collateral
inheritance. Colonel Low, quite unaware, we suppose,
of what he was doing, demolishes his own Ma-
homedan law, as an authority for the succession to the
throne of Oude, in the very first lines of his memoran-
dum. " First (says he) I may mention that Saadut Ali
Khan bad ten sons :—lst, Gazee-ood-Been-Ryder, the late
King ; he had only one son ; viz., the present King." Were
the two last Kings of Oude usupers, set up in defiance of
the Mahomedan law by the British authorities of India for
their own purposes ? Or is the Mahomedan law at every
moment just what the Resident at Lucknow may think fit
to consider the Mahomedan law ? Or are the British au-
thorities in India to take their choice whenever there hap-
pens to be a throne vacant in India by which law, the Euro-
pean or the Mahornedan, the successor shall be deter-
mined ? Colonel Low, however, wrote his potential
mernorerolum on the 3d of July ; and the unfortunate
King of (Jude died very suddenly and unexpectedly
in his Palace on the 7th of the same month. Our
residents at the Courts of the Native Princes of In-
dia ought certainly to he taught great caution in making
memoranda, since it so plainly appears that a memorandum
way be fatal. Omitting the brief warfare with native
forces by which Colonel Low asserted the right of the In-
dian Government to determine who should, and who should
not, be the successor to the vacant throne, we next find
this active and zealous functionary a party to the following
very pretty and instructive agreement :
"Translation of a decd of engagement, executed by Newaub Nusseer.
ood-Dowlah, on the night of the 7th of July, 1837.
(It mu.. be recillected that time late King is said to have diel a little
before midnight on the 7th.)
" Lieatenant-Colonel John Low, the Residcm t, has at:immperidscodithrnoef,
through Lit..itenant Steak. pear, his second assis., an.t,
Nusseer.ood_ucen Ilyder, KOg of Oude The Resident has also ctomn_f
municated to me the substance of time orders of time Governm-rif
time
time Company's governmlnt with the Oude state ; and I hereby
tech re
that in the event of my being placed on the throne, I will airez to sign
any new treaty that the Governor-General may dictate.
(True translation,)

_
(Signed) "J. LOW, Resident,"
" N It. AAt.tl a f,ot of the Persian piper the prosent King wrote the
words ‘cAigtiii womunsolr ust,' and adixa.l the impression of his seal.
" J. LOW Resident."
•Niusieer.o ,d-Dow7ah, he, althangli a Mahomedan,
and deeplg interested its the ru'•ice, had no idea of his
right to tht, #hrone
.11 virtue of the ;Nla'iomed.in law. "In
m„" beipg pincer! en the Throne" I wi!i sign
the event of
every thin; the 4overn-n--General may di,:tate. This is
ev., true M,houtedaii law, as understood by the British au-
thor' ioA in India. We foresee very ele irly that we shall
have many cpportUnit.:CS of returning to Lids subject.-
41/orning