The Sun.
London, England, 1853-09-07 00:00:00

:,^,--,724.-xtravriaax,rigen....mtmErtstrvwxr,-7,3,arwmtsrs,,,, "crop'`®-- _ _ _
ON DON, WEDNESDAY EVENING,
NG„ SEPTEMBER,
7, 1853,

NO. 19,017.]

-INfONT BLANC will CLOSE on SATURDAY
it. EVellillff, Sept. 10, and Re-open on Mr. ALBERT SMITH'S
return from the Continent. During the present week the Entertain-
ment will be given Every Evening at 8, and Tuesday and Saturday
morning at 3 o'clock. Stalls, 3s. ; Area, 2s. ; Gallery, ls.—Egyptian
Hal', Piccadilly.

•
TtIONT BLANC.—A Special Representation
VII will he given on SATURDAY EVENING next, the 110th,
8 o'clock, being the LAST NIGHT of the SEASON. Egyptian-
hall, Piccadilly.

41 R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM,
• consisting of more than 700 Models, IS NOW OPEN, at the
Poltiand Gallery, Regent-street, opposite the Polytechnic, every day
except Friday, from 11 till 5, and from 7 till 10, for gentlemen only ;
on Fridays, however, the Morning
close at 2 o'clock, when Ladies only will be admitted until 5 o'clock
Mrs.
Explanations for gentlemen by Pr. Leach, and for ladies by
Exhibition 'or gentlemen will
Leach. Admission—One :shilling.
____-------,

AURENT'S CASINO, w
-house, FulhLam-road). ARGYLL Rooms,
(Lessee, Cu&s. C. Latutimr, Onslo
The 'above Rooms will are now OPEN FOR THLAURENT'SE SEASON,
ant; !will continue open every evening, with
CELEBRATED BAND. Admission, is. Doors open at half-pst ast 8
Dancing to commence at 9 o'clock, and ter.oinate at half-Pa 11.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
• PATRON—H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT.
CHANGE of the LECTURE on " THE THAMES." The SECOND
PART of an HISTORICAL LECTURE on
THAMES,"
from its Source to its Estuary, by GEORGE BIICKLAND, Fag.,
assisted by Miss Blanche Younge, with NEW SONGS and NEW
D TS.4OLVING QCENERY, on Tuesdays and Fridays at four o'clock,
and svey Evening except Saturday at Is inePHOTOGRAPHY, with
LElcTuars.—By J. H. Pepper, Esq. : On
Illustration., Mornings and Evenings.
By Pr. Bachhoffner : On ELECTRO-GILDING and
SILVERING.
The LANCASHIRE SEWING MACHINE exhibited in Use
and explained Daily.
OPcn Mornings and Evenings. Admission, is.; Schools, and
Children under Ten years of age Half-price.

ATEW ZEALAND.7—FILEDK. YOUNG and
- co 's LIN-E —To follow the NouTnilatrz'and Fail the 10th
October, embarking passengers at Gravesend, for OTAGO, WEL-
LINGTON, and NELSON, the fine, well-known, A 1 passenger-ship
DUKE OF PORTLA ND, 633 tons register, 800 tons burden, J. Alex-
ander, Commander. The superior qualities and commodious accom-
modation of this ship have rendered her a favourite in the New
Zealand trade. Will load in the East India Docks. For freight,
passage, or further information, apply to Frcdk. Young and Co.. at
their New Zealand Colonist Rooms, 9, Adelphi-terrace, Strand, or
74, Corn,ill.

CREWS'S CHLORIDE OF ZINC,
the best and Cheapest Disinfecting Fluid for the purification
of Ship's Holds, Cesspools, Drains, vv ater.:closets, &c. ; the Dish'.
fbctibn of Sick Rooms, Clothing, Linen, and for the Prevention of
Contacion.
Chloride of Zinc, as the best Disinfecting and purifying agless in its
ent, is
now ei=tablished beyond all doubt. It is perfectly harm
application and innoxious in itself. The high price ,t which it has
hithert., been sold has prevented its general use; to obviate this
obstacle to its universal apnlication as a disinfecting and purifying
agent, the present manufacturer, 'vho was many years with Sir W.
Burnett's Company, has arranged to supply the public with concen-
trated Chloride of Zinc in its greatest purity and at the lowest price.
It is sold by all Chestists and Shippint Agents in the United King-
dom; in Imperial Quart Bottles at 2s. 6d. each, and in larger ve&els
at Cs. per Gallon.
Each Bottle will be accompanied with instructions for its dilution
and use. Concentrated Chloride of Zinc in use may be diluted with
200 times its quantity of water.
Orders executed by the sole Agents, Messrs. Drew, Heyward, and
Barron, Bush-lane, Cannon-street.
Manufactured at H. G. GRAY'S, Commercial Wharf, Mile End,
London.

COUGH, CONSUMPTION, SPITTING of
BLOOD NIGHT SWEATS, and FEVERS.—lmmediate
relief is effected by PASO' E'S CONCENTRATED COUGH and
CONSUMPTION MIXTURE, in all affections of the throat, chest,
lui as &e. In all cases of cough. hoarseness, wheezing, difficult
breathing, Sac., r owe%er inveterate, this highly successful remedy
will be found the only medicine upon which entire reliance can be
pla,O. It is also very v lu•ible in the febrile affections of children
In all BILIOUS DISORDERS, liver complaints, indigestion in all its
fornis, headaches, loss of appetite. &c., I'AsCOE'S INFALLIBLE
GLOBULES will effect a radical cure, as proved by numberless tes-
timonials. Prepared only by the proprietors,. Henry and Co., with-
out whose signature across the Government stamp none is genuine.
To be obtiined through Barclay, Sutton, Sanger, &c., or any re-
spectable medi.l,,e vendor, in bottles at Is. I )4d., 2s. 9d., and 4s. 6d.
each.. Wholesale depot, Bohemia-place, Hackney.

IMMEDIATE and RESERVE.—For immediate
1: use the Attire presented by E. Moms and Son is unparalleled
in style, fashion, elegance, neatness, and durability; it is specially
suited to the purposes of Excursiorrsts arid Travellers, being the most
ar istfc in cut and make, the most accomplished finish, and may be
had in waterproof materials at very economical prices.
Sporting Gentlemen may immediately obtain the most novel and
fashionable styles of Costume at the Establishment of E. Moms and
Son, or at their West-end Branch. For this season their Sporting
Dress is cut and mule on principles of art, only known at their cele-
brated Establishment ; its fit is more correct and the garments
afford more ease to the wearer than any obtained elsewhere ; the
charges for dress to measure or ready-made are considerably lower
than at any other house.
There may be a temporary reserve of autumnal weather ; but E.
MOSES and Sox have ready for inspection every novelty in materials
for the ensuing autumn. These are selected from every manufactory,
Britt h and Foreign, and are calculated to create an unprecedented
attraction in all circles of society ; the novelty, superior quality, and
cheapness of the Goods will be immediately appreciated.
The Wholesale Clothing and Outfitting Department at E. MOSES
and Sost's is as much distinguished for superior quality and cheap-
ness as the Goods are for their unparalleled suitability. Captains,
Merchants, and ',migrants, may make the most elegible investments
:n Goods which produce the greatest amount of profit in any colony.
Full lists of Outfits for Ladies and Gentlemen, with ship sailing
information, may be had on application, or post free to any part of
the kingdom.
WANTED, several first-rate assistants in the ready made and
beelike departments—two to take the plape,o(shop walkers. Apply
byletter, stating last situation: - ‘r"
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON 'regret having to guard the
public against imposition, having learned that the untradesman-like
falsehood of " Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's
the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, and for
obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have
__^^
-

CIO CONNEXION WITH ANY OTHER HOUSE IN OR OIIT OF LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows :
London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83,
44,85, and 86; Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and'3, Hart-street, all communicating.
Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate.
Colonial Branch, Melbourne, Australia.
Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, fosters, Boot and Shoe
Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
IMPORTANT.—Should any article not give satisfaction, it wffibe
exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, tha money will be returned
without hesitation. All goods are marked in plain figures, the lo west
price, from which no abatement can be made.
The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset on
Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock.
A new Book, " The Herald of the Seasons," containing full lists
of prices, our system of selLmeasurement, facts re'ative to Australia,
advice to emigrants, gcc., may be had on application, or post-free to
any part of the kingdom.
A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1853 can be had gratis,
on application.
Id Fon parte Francais.
flier st.richt man Deutsc'

Qui si parla Italiano.
Aqua se habil.% Espanol

TAKE NOTICE !
MESSRS. R. & L. PERRY & CO. CONTINUE TO BE
CONSULTED AS USDA L,
AT 19, BERNERS-STREET, OXFORD-STREET, LONDON,
ON THE SECRET CAUSES OF SELF-A
H OPCQUI
ESRED MISERIES
AND .
THE SILENT FRIEND.
In Six Languages--Fifeeth Edition.
CONTAINING THE REMEDY FOR PREVENTION OF DISEASE.
Illustrated by One Etundied Anatomical Coloured Engravings and
Cases.
New Edition, enlarged to 200 pages, price 2s. 6d., by post, from the
Fstablishment, 3s. 6d. in stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the exhaustion and physical decay of the system,produced by
excessive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of
mercury, with dii-ections for the use of the preventive lotion, tel
lowed by observations on Marriage, and the disqualifications which
prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L.
PERRY and CO., consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
street, London. Hannay by Sherwood and Co. 23, Paternoster-
row, and cold by , 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Gor-
con, 146, Leadenhall-street ; 95, FarrinAdo,-street ; Br. Sutton, 10,
;low Church-yard ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; R Johnson, 68, Conthill.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive
organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
mental and to dily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the rimary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav-

ings.
PART Iv. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
PART V. is det.oted to the consideration of marriage and its duties.
The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the whole
subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
THE CORDIAL 't.ALI,f OF Svutecirst is exclusively employed in trea-
ing nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &C., lls and 31s. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases ot infection, secondary
sympton., eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, l ls. and 335. er
bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d.. and lls.
per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and
chronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
1/. A minute detail of the case is required : age, habits, and posi-
tion in society. 5/. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Establish-
ment only, by which the fee, 1/., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons,
are in attendance, daily, at 19, Bemers-street, Oxford-street, Lon••
don, from Eleven Two, and Five to Eight; on Sunday from
Seven t o One.

MEDICAL ADVICE ON THE
MATURSECRET
TIFIRMITIES OF
YOUTH ANDY.
- -

DR. SAMUEL LAWERT, 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON
i;octor of Medicine, and Matricalated Member of the University of
Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical
Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Ste., &c.
tt i AY be consulted, personally, or by letter, on
;Yi the various disorders of the nervous and generative system,
resulting from juvenile irregularities and excesses, which have pro
Aimed more misery in youth, degradation in manhood, and prea m -
ture decay at all stages of life, than perhaps any other class of dis-
cases known to modern pathologists. Long and practical experience
in the treatment of these diseases has proved that there are in exist
once secret causes of self-acquired miseries and disappointed hopes in.
existence, traceable to certain pernicious habits, to which Nervous
Debility, various forms of Insanity, Unhappy and Unfruitflil Marri-
ngel, Impotency, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and their
endless modifications owe their almost entire origin.
It is absolutely necessary that all men should know that there are
principles of personal management which cannot be violated without
incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed
the heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties
may be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be remove l,
and how the evil and its comequenc es may be avoided, aabove all,
that there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity oafunctional
derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure
DOCTOR LA'MER,T has for a long series of years been engaged
in an extensive practice in the treatment of these delicate com-
plaints, and is the only legally qualified
and mock-modes Physic an who, r
to
has ard
lied
less
of the taunts and envy of the hrpocritical ,
the confidence, through the medium of the public press, tociety is
direct
attention to these enormous evils, from which no grade obeenf so
amply
tree. In selecting this department of practice, he has
rem arded by the great success that has attended his efforts in the
treatment of these cases which are too generally confided to the
care of unqualified and i t
gnorant empirics, who, with their pirated
publications, assumed foreign names and titles, and pretended virtues
of their patent nostrums, have inflicted serious injury on those who
have been induced to place faith in their pretensions.
At home for consultation daily' from Eleven till Two, and from
Six till Eight. All letters must contain the fee of It, and advice and
medicines can be forwarded to any initials or address.
It is desirahle thrt patients wishing to consult Dr. LA'MERT
should first obtain a-copy of his work on
SELF-PRESERVATION.
A Medical Treatise on the Pldlosophy of Marriage and Nervous and
generative Debility, illustrated by fifty-coloured engravings, and des-
cribing in detail the various disorders resulting from secret habits and
excesses. The perusal of this treatise will assist in the correct
description of their cases, and may beor had,oerm priceai,,
French, Spanish, 1. utch, Italian,
Brothers and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Hannay,
Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Stolle, Tstchborne-street,63,Haymarket; Oxford-street;
d s
or
by post for forty-two stamps, to any addrer: fromrn o2fs G3dr
e,
,i,nr
s Ensplipsehr,
o r - tr e
free e
the Author's resi-
dence, 37, BRDroAD-fiQUAlti. LONPoN•

THE GOVERNING CLASSES. A SERIES
of PORTRAITS. (To be continued weekly.)
I. H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT. See the "LEADER" news-
paper of SATURDAY LAST, Sept. 3.
IT. The EARL of ABERDEEN, appear n the "LEADER"
newspaper of SATURDAY NEXT, Sept.i 10.
" LEADER " is published every Saturday, in time for all
party
early morning malls, price Sixpence, and sold by newsagents ix all
parts of England or may be had direct from the publisher. Terms
of subscription, 13s. for a half year, to be remitted in advance ; and
money orders should be made payable to Mr. Alfred E. Galloway,
at the office, 7, Wellington-street, Strand.

SOYER'S AROMATIC MUSTARD. -
This pure and delicious preparation may now be had in small
jars for the use of Families, of most Grocers and Druggists in the
Kingdom ; also, Mons. Soyer's esteemed Sauces and Relish.
Wholesale of his sole Agents, CROSSE and BLACKWELL, 21,
Soho Square.

THE ERA NEWSPAPER of September 10th
will contain Origin?l and Spirited Articles upon " Events of
the Week, Foreign and Domestic—Literature, Music, and Fine Arts
—the London and Prov:riciel Dram?—" Go Lip," by " An Old
Actress." " TOUCHSTONE'S PROPHECY" for the exciting ST.
L KOMI RACE. List of Starters, Riders, and Trainers, with Pro-
gramme of the Meeting, Latest Betting, and Arr va's at Doncaster.
The " STABLE MOUSE" will also squeak his Winner for the great
event. Rochester, Cha ham, Morperi, Weymouth Barnet, and all
Racing of the week—lmportant Cricket Matches, exciting Aquatics,
Pedestrianism, fee , &c. To prevent disappointment order early, or
send six postage stamps to THE ERA office, 3, Catherine-street,
Strand.

NICOLL'S AUTUMNAL PATTERNS are
NOW READY.
EXCELLENCE and ECONOMY combined, as illustrated by the
well. krown Patent PALETOT, at TWO Guineas.
In England, France, or Germany, the best talent, workmanship,
and materials are secured by H. J. and D. NICOLL, 114, 116, 118,
120, Regent-street, and 22, Cernhill, London.

SPORTING SEASON, 1853. -F. JOYCE'S
ANTI-CORROSIVE and TREBLY-WATER-PROOFED PERCUSSION
CAPS, for General Shooting, and very Wet Weather, may be had es
usual of most Gunmakers in Town and Country. Sportsmen de-
sirous of obtaining Caps that can be folly depended en; and free
from those csfrOslve-qualities ao. injurious. to the Onn,.are requeste i
to ob-erve the name and rddr-ss of " F. Joyce, Original Inventor
„ond Sole Manufacture!. on nich scaled package, withedl which
they are not 'genuine. 'TVs precaution is reivered ne ,essary, by
ome unprincipled individuals having imitated the labels and wrap-
pers. Joyce's Improved Wire Cr tridges and Chemiedly-prepared
Weddings of a superior description Goods manufactured to spit Eli
climates.—Wholesale Warehouse, 57, Upper Theme, street, London.
ÜBMARINE AND EUROPEAN
TELEGRAPH COMPANIES
OPENING OF THE WEST END OFFICE.
On and after WEDNESDAY, the 7th of September inst., Messages
for the Continent and for Birmingham, Dover, and Deal, will be re-
ceived at the New Office of the above Companies, Regent-circus,
Piccadilly. No extra charge will be made for transmission.
Messages of 20 words, between the West-end and City, will be
forwarded for One Shilling.
Each additional 10 words, or fraction of 10 words, Sixpence.
No charge for delivery for the First Mils.
BIRMINGHAM.
- - -

Messages, of 20 Words, between Birmingham and London, One

S.hillin Y.
Each additional 10 words or fraction of 10 words, Sixpence.
Messages of 20 Words between Birmingham and Dover or Deal,
Three Shillings.
,e.gages of 20 Words between London and Dover or Deal, Two
Shillings.
N charge for Porterage for the first mile from any of the Com-
panies' stations.
Each mile after the first mile, Sixpence.
THE CONTINENT.
No Porterage charged upon Messages to the Continent—France
excepted.
Messages from the Continent, Including France, delivered Free
within a circuit of One Mile.
Offices :-30, Cornhill ; Recent-circus, Picead;lly. Dover: 7, Clar-
ence-place. Deal: 100, Bean street. Birmingham: 104, New-
street. France: Paris-83, Rue de Richelieu; Calais, Railway
station. Belgium—Brussels : Place de la Monnaie.
G. L. PARROTT, Secretary.

TO THE LADIES.—The powerful influence
of the sun on the okin and complexion at this period of the
year calls for increased attention in preserving their delicacy and
beauty. The most pleasing and effectual specific for this desirable
object is

ROWLANDS' KA Lir DOR,
FO deservedly established in Royal and public favour and estimation.
Its application neutralises the effects of atmosphere, and induces that
healthy action of the minute secreto,y vessels of the akin, by which
its delicacy and beauty are so essentially promoted. Freckles, Tan,
Spots, Pimples, and DiQcolourations are eradicated by the application
of the Kalydor, and give place to a healthy clearness and trans-
parency of complexion. Ladies travelling or taking t ut-door exer-
cise will find it diffuse a grate:ill and re resting feeling, dispelling the
cloud of lsmgour and relaxation, allaying fel heat and irritability,
and immediately affording the pleasing sensation attending restored
elasticity and healthful state of the skin. In ceses of sun-burn,
stings of insects, or incidental inflammation, its virtues have long
and extensively been acknowledged.—Price 4s. 6d. and Bs. 6d. per
bottle.
CAOTION.—The words " Rowlands' Kalydor" are on the wrapper
of each bottle, and their signature, "A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Hat-
ton-garden, London," in red ink at foot. Sold by them and by
Chemists and Perfumers.

QIIRGEON HENRY HAMILTON, Twenty-
eight years in London practice, will REMOVE any CASE of
a PRIVATE NATURE before charge be made for medicine. In all
female complaints requiring practical professional skill, Surgeon
Hamilton will guarantee a successful issue, or no expense will be
incurred by the patient. Medicine can be sent to any part of the
realm, secure►y packed, on receipt of particulars. Ladies and gen-
tlemen consulting by letter mast enclose the usual fee, when they
wal be treated with by return of post. Hours for personal visits
from Ten till Four, and from rix till Nine daily.—Address, No. 3,
King William-street, Strand, London. Medicine to country pa-
tients, 1/.

THE CONDITION OF MELBOURNE.

(From the Times.)
In the very long sieges, or rather blockades of
antiquity, the inhabitants of the beleaguered city
lost all possession, and gradually even all know-
ledge, of the surrounding country. As they gazed
from their towers on the natural feature once so
familiar not only to the eye but to the foot, and
indeed to the hand that tilled the soil, all now was
a region-of mystery. now was it occupied ? Was
it cultivated, or merely grazed over by the hostile
cavalry and the captured cattle ? Was it divided,
or held in a brief community ? Who had succeeded
this or that rural grandee in the enjoyment of his
patrimony ? The immediate suburbs, where it was
possible, were flooded either for defence or for
closer, blockade ; but beyond that nature might
still smile under other lords and for another na-
tion. Strange to say, this divorce might, till
lately, be witnessed were it was least expected—
in more than one of our new Australian cities.
The far-famed Melbourne is the metropolis of a
colony so extensive, so fertile, and so improvable,
that in the course of a few generations it may vie
with the mother country in population and wealth.
Till the recent discovery the great bulk of the im-
migrants had even a fond and exaggerated leaning
to agricultural pursuits. To cultivate their own
land was the idea of their voluntary exile. All
the expediencies of the case pointed to dispersing
and settling the crowd as fast as it poured in ; and
it was not without much scandal we heard in this
country, some ten or a dozen years ago, that such
was the difficulty of obtaining r:oper sites- avid
good soil at prices withiu- the reach of -the or-
dinary emigrant, that most of the people re-
mained where they landed ; and that the infant
capital of Port Philip was already an idle, dissi-
pat ed, and miserable city with ten thousand in-
habitants. They were besieged by law, and by
usurpations and monopolies according to law.
From the commencem of the colony the chief
part of the country has been occupied by " Squat-
ters,"—not the small folk that run up little hovels
on an English roadside, or the hardy adventurers
that push their way with the axe and the rifle into
the recesses of the American forest, but English
gentlemen of family and interest, who had obtained
licenses to run their flocks of sheep over twenty or
a hundred, or even three hundred thousand acres.
It has been said that unless a man had a tract as
large as an English county he could not be sure of
the plains, the mountains, and the streams neces-

nary for his flocks in the successive seasons of the

3 ear, in a country where the natural herbage was
the only resource. That might be true, and it is
also true that the " Squatters," as the aristocracy
of Australia really are, have proved of signal ser-
vice to the colony—especially now, when but for
their mutton the diggers must have perished by
famine. But the result, which was bad enough 10
years ago, has now become aggravated to frightful
proportions. In May last the population of Mel-
bourne was estimated at 80,000, and that of the

rest of Victoria, including all the diggings, at
200,000. As the diggers are estimated at tens of
thousands in this place, and as many at that, it is
evident that the remainder left for those agricul-
tural pursuits which are usually thought the staple
of a colony, must be ridiculously small. So it is in
fact. The colony consists of the inhabitants of

Melbourne, so often described, gold-hunters,
" Squatters," and sheep ; but of colonists, as we
usually understand the term, it may be almost said
there are none. Melbourne is the city of the dig-
gings, but not of the country, which is in other
hands. Thus is it blockaded in the heart of its
own territory. . . _

Such was the state of things up to the last date ;
and the result was even worse than we have de-

scribed. All the evils of the gold mania have been
frightfully augmented by the circumstance of the
successful diggers and others who have made their
own harvest, out of the occasion being confined to
a city thus insulated. It is known that vast num-

hers of diggers have returned to Melbourne with
their 4001. or 5001. worth of gold, and with the
fullest intention of taking a piece of land and set-

tling into farmers, but,lairing no opportunity,
have " fooled away" all their money, and either re-

turned to the diggings or perished-in- the midst of
their excesses. Immigrants arriving with their
small capital, their implements, and their tents,
and-other preparations for ag;ieulture on a small
scale, have found they might just as well have gone
into Hyde-park or Wimbledon-common for the
purpose. The district of Port-Philip had been
created at once that which Ireland tends to be-
come—a country not of men, but of flocks and
herds • and the upstart nomades of the colony set
their faces against intrusion more resolutely than
any Arab lords of the desert or Australian abori-
gines. Relying chiefly on their wealth and actual
power, they also pleaded the word of the colonial
authorities in favour of a perpetual right to the
soil, contrary to the meaning of the title by
which they were commonly denominated. It was
always known that their licenses as well as
the acts of the colonial Government,
and the in-
structions -from England on which
the acts were
founded, all defined the position of the "Squatter"
with careful exectness. He was
to give back his
land whenever it might be required for the better
settlement of the colony,---in
fact whenever land
was wanted for tillage ; and there ,
was no loophole
left either for compensation or for delay. This
was known from the commencement of the colony,
but, strange to say, it could not be proved. The
" Squatters" did not show their licenses or their
leases, and the archives of Melbourne were carried
off to Sydney when the district of Port Philip was
proclaimed a separate colony. The colonial blue-
books, which contain the whole story, and which
fill the grocers' shops in London, were not to be
found at Melbourne ; so, well-known as the fact
might be, the proof was not forthcoming. It has,
however, been found at last, and the whole question
elucidated, much to the delight of the pent-up
population of Melbourne, who, at the last date,
were considering how to deal with the "Squatters"
and their immense territories. They had just
heard, to their great joy, that the British Legis-
lature had resigned to their hands the management
of the colonial land, and that this long-imagined
attribute of imperial or " mother-country 'do-
minion was now to be wielded by a Senate elected
by the free suffrages of the colonial householders.
So, how are the people of Melbourne, or rather
their new Parliament, to deal with the land of the
colony ? The question concerns a territory as
large as this island, and a population ready to
occupy it, and likely enough to fill it before long.
" Unlock the land," is the chief hustings' cry of the
colony. The favourite proposition is to offer it
for sale in small quantities,—fifty acres, or even
twenty acres a-piece, though, as it appears to be
proved that a man cannot maintain himself on
twenty acres in this country, we doubt if he can
do much better in Australia. But the great object
is to defeat the land-jobbers, who buy wholesale
and sell retail at 50 or 100 per cent. profit, as has
been done quite recently at Melbourne. The
competition for land is said to be immense, but
then it is for manageable bits, and that is the
scale that should be adopted in the land sales.
But how are the " Squatters" to be disposed of ?
It is agreed that they have no right to compensa_
sation, as their tenure hitherto has been very
profitable, and they have been all along under
condition to quit when called on. But they are
powerful, united, and useful. They have been
hitherto the colonial magnates, and a debt of
gratitude is felt to them for services that seem to
be acknowledged in the colony. So small a scale
of gratuitous compensation is proposed, to purchase
peace and satisfy the feelings of all parties. This,
however, is not the only question with the " Squat-
ters." They are disposed enough to resign any
amount of the open plains, so notorious for drought.
But the colonists want arable land, and that in situ-
ations where they may be tolerably sure of the har-
vest. They demand to pick out a few acres here
and a few acres there, leaving the "Squatters" to
drive their sheep over the re main der, as heretofore.
This appears to be the most difficult question be-
gore the new Legislature ; but, as the " Squatters"
may buy in the market, and are quite as able to
buy as any other class in Victoria, we don't see
why they should not be left to fight their own
battles. But with the land thus thrown open
to the public, and with this new employment for
the capital of the immigrant and the successful
digger, there appears to be a new era dawning
on this wonderful colony. There is the first re-
quisite of agriculture,—a good market, high
prices, and increasing custom. As to the soil and
the climate there appears to be no doubt. Immi-
grants will not now have the single alternative of
Melbourne or the diggings, which sounds rather
too like the well-known choice which was all that
Cromwell left to the Irish. -There will be that
bright spot in almost every .Englishman's hopes,—
m
the prospect of a snug manageable farm for as
many as are likely to arrive at Melbourne for some
years to come, and a much • surer resource we are
persuaded it will prove than digging for gold.

METROPOLITAN COMMISSION OF SEWERS.

A general court of the Metropolitan Commissioners
of Sewers was held yesterday at the office in Greek-street,
Mr. Richard Jebb in the chair. As this was the first
court that had been held since the passing of the act of
the last session, which gave additional powers and ex-
tended the jurisdiction of the commissioners, the pro-
ceedings were of more than ordinary interest, and, on
the opening of the court, in, a few minutes it was com-
pletely crowded. .

The Secretary reported that the balance in hand that
day was 83,0351. 6s. 10d., but, deducting the amount
for which cheques had been drawn but not presented, the
available balance was 82,5921.
The CHAIRMAN, on reading the notice on the agenda
paper, "to consider the steps to be taken for effecting a
loan on the security of the rates, as empowered by the
2d section of the act of the 16th and 17th Viet., chap.
125," said this seemed to be a proper occasion for him to
make a few observations on the proceedings of the com-
missioners since the appointment of the present com-
mission in July, 1852. The act of Parliament increas-
ing their powers and extending the period of the existence
of the commission, which expired on the 7th of August
last, had continued the commission for another year. It
was usual on such occasions, and he believed a similar
course had been pursued in the preceding year, that the
public should be informed how they had performed their
duty and disposed of the funds intrusted to their care.
He would shortly advert to the state of affairs at the ap-
pointment of the commission in July, 1852, and the cha-
racteristic of the time past was a period of great difficulty.
Their predecessors in office had received "a heavy blow
and great discouragement" by the sudden reduction of
their powers of rating from 6d. to -3d. in the pound ;
a measure which was passed without giving the com-
missioners an opportunity of remonstrating with the
House of Commons on what was required to be done,
-and without any consideration whatever as to the wants
of the public or the engageMents of the commissioners.
Before that time he and the majority of the present
commissioners were unconnected with the commission,
but the records of the Court showed that then the com-
missioners were most anxious to execute works for the
benefit of the public, had ordered some to a very large
amount, and, he believed, had entered into some con-
tracts for the purpose of carrying out the works pro-
posed. The consequence was, that a very large amount
of public expectation was raised, for the orders that had
abneedntgiheveeenmwineireesiaelnmeorestwloeoreked enluyppornevasenptoesditfivree pmearormiTiisensg,
those expectations into effect by the sudden and unex-
pected withdrawal of those means that they had calcu-
lated upon. The sum of 200,000/. was the amount re-
quired
expenditure, but
more
than
afteran
100,0001. This step led to great inconvenience, as the
wryeraend nutalo raiseexp
commissioners had entered into several contracts that
etipnea
this .they e for
y t
wereheir ordinary
could not be withdrawn from, and there was consequently
the greater amount of discontent at the non-execution of
those works which had been ordered in the anticipation
of the rates of 1852, to carry out works of emergency
and to be spread over the whole districts of the metro-
polis. A new commission was issued in July, 1852,
when, after giving credit for all the rates, there was'still
a balance of 36,0001. against the commissioners. The
new commissioners had, therefore, this difficulty to con-
tend with. The former commissioners having resigned,
the commission was re-constitued ; a body of gentlemen
were happily got together, and, so cordially had they
met each other's views that, while each took a perfectly
independent course, that there were not more than two
or three instances in which they bad found it necessary
to come to a division upon any question. He would now
advert to what had been done in the past year. After
looking at the works that had been done in the several

- %A ••••.4,, AAA {Oa
years Since the consolidated commission was established,
which had been going on for five years, he could affirm
that, in no one of these years had the commissioners
executed more works than had been done in the last 12
months by the present commission. In that period there
had been executed public works either at the public ex-
pense or of the owners of property, brick and pipe
sewers to the extent of 284 miles in length ; contracted
for or put in hand, 12i miles, making a total of 41
miles in length, at a cost of 142,853/. Such was the

amount of new -sewers executed at the public expense,
but there were still many other works which were con-

sidered as public, but were constructed at the expense
of the proprietors of the property abutting on to public
roads. There had been 11i miles of these public sewers
constructed in that period at a cost of 36,4131. These
works had been superintended by the officers of the com-
missioners, the plans having been previously submitted
to the engineers, and corrected by them. In the first
instance these sewers were built at private expense,
but afterwards became the property of the public, and
were cleansed and repaired at the public expense, the
original proprietor receiving a contribution towards the
expense from all parties who drained into them. Be-
sides those works, and those executed at the public
expense, there was a large amount 'of pipe sewers that
could hardly be separated from public works. The
length of those pipe sewers was 70-miles, executed at a
cost of 44,1081. The works superintended by the com-
missioners cost 80,5211., and the new sewers executed
by themselves 142,8531., making a total for works su-
perintended during the year of 223,3741. The works
of the commissioners, however, did not end there. There
had been repairs, and the cleansing of open and covered
sewers, and on those three objects they had expended a
sum of 36,8801. There was one topic on which some
observations might possibly be expected from him, and
that was what was called—or rather miscalled—the main
drainage of London, or those drains that passed into the
Thames, and the substitution of what were called inter-
cepting sewers to carry the drainage of London into the
-Thames at an eastern point of the river. The commis-
sioners' attention for years had been devoted to this ob-
ject,• even from the institution of the commission in 1848,
and they were most desirous of carrying a plan for that
object into effect. Some years ago, at the invitation of
the commissioners, 120 or 130 plans were sent in and
fully considered. They were subsequently referred to a
committee of the commissioners, who also maturely con-
sidered them, and the result of that invitation was that
Mr. Frank Forster, their engineer, then put together a
scheme for the interception of the entire sewage of Lon-
don, and it was considered the best scheme that had been
brought forward on that subject. Other gentlemen, as
he had said, proposed their plans, but they had not the
same amount of knowledge'of the subject as Mr. Forster,
who was aided by the commissioners and by many
gentlemen of great skill out of doors. This plan was
agreed to, but want of funds, and want of funds only,
prevented the commissioners from carrying the scheme
into effect. If the present commissioners had the
necessary means they would endeavour to execute
those works, but parliament had not at present
given them the powers for raising the money. They
were, therefore, confined to doing that which was need-
ful and the more important for them to do, for the
preservation of the health and even the lives of the
inhabitants of London. Their funds were inadequate to
do more than the ordinary drainage, but he might state
that all the works now carried on by the commissioners
were executed in reference to a scheme of intercepting
sewers, and would fall into that system whenever it
should be executed. He should here say, with regard
to the main drainage of London, that there had been
many private suggestions, and a scheme had been
brought forward by a body of gentlemen, and which had
been submitted to Parliament, to do the work, not
exactly at their own expense and by their own resources,
but proposing to apply their skill, and to be guaranteed
by the commission a considerable part of the expense,
these gentlemen still retaining their control over it.
When the scheme was made known by Mr. Morewood
to the commissioners, they held that the measure would
be beneficial to the metropolis, and were anxious that it
should be adopted if it was a good one, but the commis-
sioners never concealed from them that they were averse
to the proposition of giving a guarantee of profit to that
company. If the company's scheme was to be a private
speculation, let them, he said, provide all the expenses.
In the bill they required a guaranteed profit of 3 per
cent. from the Commissioners of Sewers in case they
failed to make that profit by their own exertions. The
measure passed the first and second readings in the
House of Commons, upon which the commissioners re-
ferred the measure to their consulting engineers, whose
opinion was not favourable to it, and they advised the
commissioners to watch the progress of the bill
with the greatest possible vigilance, to take care
that the errors in it were corrected, and, if not cor-
rected, to prevent the passing of the bill altogether.
There was another matter they had to consider,
and that was, that if the company should fail in their
works, that very failure might involve the metropolis in
one gigantic nuisance, which it would be very difficult
to deal with, and therefore it was the duty of the com-
missioners to see that no improvident measure
was
passed. On that principle the commissioners appeared
by counsel, for the part taken by them could no
characterised in any sense as an opposition. Sofar fromt beit, they tendered the evidence of their own engineers,
and a 'valuable body of evidence thus collectedwas
ownnow
in print, and of which the public might form their
judgment. l
wT ha
se
ncuotmpmriutvteeed,dnecnied
ddi t
wthaasttreti
ehe pctedre. am
The
commissioners were prepared to carry e
Mr. Forster's
pscohseaml, ewohfieihntnertcperpetsioenntifththeyeyhheaddntohte, fouuunddws
hatilethaetitreduids--
iunlgatut o v
eh
we mt
aohr
eeimmediatew wu
raknst swof s thethae
rircn mheei. metropolis,pstlheoefo fltothichnaaei
tseehrceempteiotnh.atTahte
ssoemweerstimweoumldi
drains of the districts through
mwiosistilodnbeersthteoir raiseduty
whichl la
theyon might pass,
dxceebedetnu
ggi2voeon,otoout.h,
eancdomit
fPuonwdesrisiothae
to consider how they might spend that money to the
greatest advantage. In making this statement, the
public were not to expect that although
seghthweeyrs whereverhadanac-
cession of money they could lay down
they were required, and it never was the intention that
the sewers' rates should cover the expense of providing
a sewer for every street. It was the duty of persons to
make the sewers in the streets, and if they were required
of an extra size as main lines,
fmthreunthtehecodsti
commissioners
were were only called upon to pay
for the extra size so required to be made. Mo-
dem refinement required that more sewers should
be made than formerly, but they had not learnt that
those luxuries derived from good sewerage must be paid
for by those who enjoyed them. It was necessary that