The Sun.
London, England, 1854-03-21 00:00:00

memorandum of Count NESSELRODE. Nay, my
Lord JOHN RUSSELL himself, in his despatch dated
from the Foreign-office, February 2d, 1853, and
addressed to Sir G. HAMILTON SEYMOUR, as our
Ambassador to the Court of St. Petersburg—
(roes out of his way to commend that
very quality, where he says, " Her MAJESTY
is happy to acknowledge the moderation, the
frankness, and the friendly disposition of his Im-
perial MAJESTY." Indeed, of all words of com-
mendation, that was the only one justified by
actual occurrences. Moderation the Emperor
NICHOLAS did not show, as was evidenced even
then by the arrogance implied by the magnitude of
his demands, and as was still more clearly indicated
when he marched his troops across the Pruth, and
sent the appropriate precursor of his Cossack hordes
in the person of his insolent Plenipotentiary to
the Divan at Constantinople. A friendly dis-
position might, indeed, have been assumed for
the moment towards this country, but its hollow-
ness was sufficiently intimated by the insult-
ing nature of the confidence reposed in the
English Government. A confidence, recollect,
which was only based upon the principle
of " honour among thieves"—and which, in
fact, simply amounted to this, that the CZAR pro-
posed to England that in secret compact with him-
self she should aid Russia in perpetrating a series
of monstrous depredations upon one of the great
powers of the old world, with a total disregard
to all the dictates of justice, to all the prompt-
ings of veracity, to the impulses of rectitude,
and with a profound contempt for what might ul-
timately be thought upon the matter by the rest
of the powerful nations of Christendom. Accord-
ing to his plan, as whispered in London so
far back as 1844, when the CZAR conversed
confidentially upon the subject with Sir ROBERT
PEEL and the Duke of WELLINGTON, according to
the same daring scheme as sketched out under
similar circumstances, by the AUTOCRAT, in his
discussion of the matter with Sir HAMILTON
SEYMOUR as her Britannic MAJESTY'S Ambassador
at St. Petersburg—Turkey was to have been
quietly disposed of by Russia and England—
France being treated as a power altogether un-
worthy of consultation, Austria being merely
flippantly referred to as a State existing as it
were only in the shadow of the great northern
Autocracy, and Prussia being never once
mentioned as deserving of one moment's
passing consideration. It was under these cir-
cumstances that the CZAR proposed in 1844, at
London, and in 1853 at St. Petersburgh, his
enormous and mendacious project of a Turkish
dismemberment. Documentary evidence has at
length been obtained that that project was from
the first rejected by the Ministers of the
Crown of England. Insomuch so, that it
would actually appear that, repelled by
England, the Russian AUTOCRAT had recourse to
France—failing, however, as egregiously as in the
former instance, in securing the complicity of the
Emperor NAPOLEON by those gorgeous, but utterly
ineffectual, temptations.

and degrees, except in theology, perfectly indepen-
dent, as in Scotland, of all religious tests. We
have never heard that the religious character of
our better-educated north countrymen has suffered
from the catholic nature of their university course;
and we are perfectly sure that the signing of
Thirty-nine religious Articles by mere lads is a
piece of most irreligious profanity in nine-tenths
of the cases. We may appeal, in proof of this,
not only to common sense, but to the more serious
recollections of every man of fifty who signed them
in youth. If, however, Government was too much
afraid of the clergy to take this broad but most
reasonable course, what hindered them from esta-
blishing perfect religious toleration in the pro-
posed new Halls ? Why should it not be per-
mitted to any enlightened M.A. of the ARNOLD
school to commence a private Hall, on conditions
which would attract intelligent youths of all sects,
from the Roman Catholic to the Quaker ? We in-
deed see no reason why the opening of such Halls
should be limited to Church of England men.
Ability to pass a certain examination, and certifi-
cates of character are all that can be needed for
unsectarian and really University purposes ; all
besides is gratuitous sacrifice to the Episcopal and
State Church.

We see that Dissenters are alive on the cues-
, tion, and we could hardly respect them if they
were not. We are legislating anew for this fa-
mous old University, this national University,
as it claims to be, and no one can deny that it is
the proper time for them to speak. Dissenters
allege that besides the intrinsic intolerance of tests,
they constituted, according to the late census,
about one-half of the actual worshippers in Eng-
land and Wales ; and they fairly ask, with what
show of reason they should all be excluded from
a national University. It seems so easy to limit
subscription to the clerical profession, and to de-
cline enforcing attendance on prayers where it was
objected to by parents, that one is at a loss to
excuse the pertinacity which insists upon it. Al-
ready it is the only part of the bill respecting
which a notice of a clause in committee has been
given. Mr. HEYWOOD will then move the abolition
of the present tests ; Mr. GLADSTONE promises to
give good reasons for maintaining them ; Lord J.
RUSSBLL, according to his speech, could give as
good reasons for getting rid of them; and we hope
he will. Mr. GLADSTONE may look upon his
colleague as himself a reason to be refuted. We
all know how good a Churchman is Lord JOHN,
what bishoprics he has created, how he has im-
proved tithe property, and how steadfastly he
opposes every dissenting proposal; yet he studied
not at Oxford, but at Edinburgh, in the very
focus of Presbyterian zeal, and surrounded by
non-subscribing students. He certainly sustair.ed
no injury, and we are persuaded Mr. GLADSTONE,
too, would have come forth unscathed. It is cer-
tainly curious to see the effect of the Coalition on
the two great domestic measures of the session.
Lord JOHN told us that he would willingly have
given us a 5/. borougfi franchise; but his colleagues
said, no. Now he tells us he should have been
glad to make the national universities really
national, but up gets his Cabinet colleague and
promises to tell the House of Commons, ere long,
why his Lordship could not be allowed to have
his way. We will allow him to vote as he likes,
says, Mr. G.--i-that is due to his years and
position—buts he is not to put his liberal
fancies into the Cabinet Bill. We are curious
to see the fraternal gladiators engage. We
are glad to see that upwards of 100 members are
already pledged to the abolition of the tests by a
memorial to Lord JOHN RUSSELL. If the Liberal
party exert themselves they will, doubtless, ob-
tain a very strong, and we hope, in the Commons
at least, a victorious position. They have a good
cause and the spirit of the age with them, and
these, together, may be a match for the majority
of a Coalition Cabinet. We cannot help remark-
ing that it is rather singular that Lord Joie; Rus-
SELL alone has twice had to come forward, com-
plaining that his colleagues will not let him
propose all he likes. Mr. GLADSTONE and the
others never make such complaints. Perhaps his
Lordship will not be sorry if the public would
carry his views for him.

MONEY MARKET

AND
COIIIIIIERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.
The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at between 5,000 and 6,000 bales, including
500 American taken for export. The market closed
heavily without alteration in prices. The sales
comprised 160 Bahia at 60., 200 Egyptian at 6d.
to 8/d., 700 Surat at 3d. to 5d., 50 Sea Island at
ls. to ls. Bd., and the remainder American. Rail-
way Shares were flat, at lower prices.
A deputation of the Russia trade has waited upon
Lord Clarendon, with a view of ascertaining more
distinctly certain points connected with the block-
ade of the Russian ports. The members composing
the deputation were Mr. Mitchell, M.P., Messrs.
Hubbard, Weguelin, Morgan, Hill, Tottie, jun.,
and Brandt. The result, in a few words, is that
Lord Clarendon intimated that it is the intention
of Government that free trade shall make free
goods ; that no certificate of origin shall be re-
quired ; that in case of the removal of property
from one or other of the beilgerent states, this must
be subject to licence, and was under the considera-
tion of the law officers of the allied Powers ; that
the persons and property of the subjects of the bel-
ligerent powers will be respected. The treatment
of Russian subjects in England will be guided by
that of English subjects in Russia., Produce
shipped from friendly ports will be considered their
produce.

- The Cologne Gazette of the 19th inst. states that
its number of the previous evening had been seized
by the Government on account of three articles.
One was a copy of the Times leader of the 16th
inst., another an article from the Frankfort Jour-
nal, entitled " South Germany ;" and the third a
leader from the editor himself, headed " Our
Position." The editor observes that he can honestly
assert he knows of nothing offensive in the last-
mentioned production, which related entirely to
the position of Prussia towards her allies, and to
the general policy to be pursued. He adds signi-
ficantly, that, in view of what has happened, he
must refrain hereafter from giving information that
has hitherto been afforded. The Cologne Gazette
has been so ably conducted, and hitherto has af-
forded so much information, that the loss by this
restraint may be termed European rather than
local.

The suspension of the firm of Benjamin Elkin
and Sons is stated to involve an amount of 140,0001.
and the chief cause of it is advancei made to Deme-
rara and Jamaica firms. The Australian trade, as
far as this firm is concerned, is stated to have proved
satisfactory.
The 10 per cent. deposit upon the French loam
must be paid in London this day, where subscrip-
tions are made through agents, and as there is so
much uncertainty what allotments will be obtained,
probably many will decline to pay, and thus
virtually withdraw their applications.
The English funds are receding, and the price is
/to 1 per cent. lower again. Consols opened at
90 to 901, and have since been 89,i. to There
are a good many sellers, and it is stated that a
large Hebrew firm is among them. Exchequer
Bills have been heavy, at 3s. to 7s. premium.
Foreign securities have been flatter, by sym-
pathy, with the funds. Russian Bonds have been.
as low as 851 / for the 5 per Cents. Mexican Bonds
have been at 231 s. Brazilian Old Stock has been
quoted 96 ; Equador 31; and the Greek Red Bonds
to 51. Neither Spanish nor Portuguese have been
dealt in.

An old saying tells us that "Honesty is the
best Policy." How has it been in this manner
with regard to the policy of the Russian Go-
vernment ? Than the policy of the CZAR in refe-
rence to Turkey, nothing could possibly have
been, from first to last, more utterly dishonest.
And bow has it fared ? Rejected successively by
the British and by the French Government, it
has led the AUTOCRAT onwards, from one outrage
to another—until Turkey is in arms, up to this
moment victoriously in arms, against him both in
Asia and in Europe, along the Danube and
along the Caucasus—until France and Eng-
land oppose him with their combined ar-
maments both military and maritime, along
the shores of the Baltic and along those
also of the Euxine—until Austria finds herself to
have been spoken of by the CZAR as if in acknow-
ledged vassalage, and Prussia discovers that she
has been disregarded by his Imperial Majesty as a
State of utter insignificance ! Those are among the
consequences already of the criminal designs
of the ambition of the Russian AUTOCRAT ! The
consequences already. Observe that--for others
will follow. Others must follow now rapidly—.
now when so many of the troops of England have
already steamed far on their way towards Constan-
tinople—now when the first divisiiin of the French
army has already taken i ts departure from Marseilles,
while another fleet is preparing to set for ward
northwards from the vicinity of Brest—now when
IsTA.PIER is approaching the Sound with his glo-
rious squadron, and when Admirals DUNDAS and
HAMELIN are on the eve of emerging from their
anchorage in the Bosphorus. Again—at this
juncture of supreme expectation—let the battle
cry, humbly but confidently, be "God Defend the
Right !" while the warrior sons of France and
England side by side fight against Russian bar-
barism in defence of all that is worthiest of pre-
servation among the civilised races of Christendom.

Railway shares are exceedingly heavy, and there
is a further fall generally of about A per cent. Lon-
don and North Western and Great Northern have
declined more than some others. French shares
are about 55. lower again.

The current prices for the Jamaica Mines not
officially quoted, were as follows :—Metcalfe, g to
discount ; Port Royal, to premium.
The Foreign and English Mining Shares are
neglected, and scarcely so good ; the Joint Stock
Shares are nominal, and the Land Companies
generally lower.

BRITISH FUNDS THISjDAY.-CLOSING PRICES.

(From the Official List. )

Broineg. donk,
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 9O i 89i i
Gong Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860
Ditto 30 Years, Expire stl Jan., 1860 4 15-16
india Stock
India Bonds, £lOOO ....... ........ ......
Ditto' under £lOOO par
Consols for Account 18th April 9O 89 i
Exchequer Bills, 2d.
£1000
£5OO 7 3 P
Small 4B 3 7 p

PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY.
mrazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. 96
Chilian Bonds, 6 per Cent. lOl 2
Ditto 3 per Cent
Equador Bonds
Greek Bonds, Rod
Kexican 3 per Cent.
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £St B5 4 x d
Ditt) 4A per Ceut 76
Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent... ....
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 364
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent -17 i i
Ditto Passive (Converted)
Swedish 4 per Cent ,..... ...... ..... 81 80
Venezuela Bonds, 3A per Ceut. ...... ...... ..
Ditto for the Account.. 26
Dividends on the above payable in London.

Dutch Exchange, 2i per Cent. 12 Guil ..... sii 5 4i
THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols B9i
Ditto April Account. B9

No one will deny that the Oxford University
Reform Bill is well worth having ; indeed, it
were next to impossible that it should be other-
wise. Whoever attacked its legislature, its oaths,
or its collegiate exclusiveness, could hardly fail to
do some good, so great is the confessed scope for
amendment. In place of the now irresponsible
heads of houses, the future government of the
university is to be vested in a body of which the
great majority is elective, and the electors are to
consist of the members of congregation, a body
comprising the whole teaching staff of the univer-
sity, comprising, indeed, the heads of houses
themselves, the college tutors, the professors, with
certain officers and residents complying with
prescribed conditions. Besides several ex officio
members, however, the congregation is required
to elect six heads of houses—a needless deference,
as it seems to us, to the past ; since it might be
fairly presumed that a body so intelligent as the

DEPUTATION PROM THE SOCIETY OF

FRIENDS TO THE CZAR.

DARLINGTON, MARCH 18.—Last night Mr. Henry
Pease, one of the late deputation to the Czar, gave an
interesting account of his journey and mission to Russia
to the members of the Mechanics' Institute. The Cen-
tral-hall, the largest room in the town, was crowded to
excess in every part by not less than 2,000 persons. The
Chief Bailiff occupied the chair.
Mr. PEASE gave some interesting details of the jour-
ney, and the insolence of the officials whom he met with
at the several places through which he passed. It was
not, he said, a very great thing to go to St. Petersburg,
and he took no credit to himself for having accomplished
this journey of 2,000 miles. Having described the magnifi-
cence of the palace of the Czar, and alluded to the gracious
reception the deputation received, he said that he could see
nothing to ridicule in a body of men who had been in ex-
istence 200 years and who had averaged 20,000 in number,
who had always believed that the liberty of nations could
not be advanced by the sword, in sending three of their
number to do all they could to prevent such a national
calamity as war. Referring to the state of the press in
Russia, he said he believed the reason why she made no
progress in civilisation was, that the press was crippled
and suppressed there. He produced an illustrated paper,
somewhat smaller than the Illustrated London, News,
which was cut, and in several places some of the pages
being more than half cut away, as the articles contained
therein were not considered respectable. The Emperor,
he said, seemed to be fully aware of the state of opinion
in this country with regard to him and to the Eastern
question. Both the Czar and all the other members of
his family to whom he was introduced carefully abstained
from alluding to what the English press said about the
Emperor. The speaker said no one cherished more love
than himself for the freedom of the British press; but he
was exceedingly grievedand humbled at the course which
the newspaper press had adopted on this Eastern ques-
tion, in resorting to abuse and calumny instead of reason-
ing in a dignified spirit. He could not be persuaded but
that the impressions which were conveyed to the public
through thepress were most erroneous as regarded the Em-
peror and Empress, and the effect which this had on the
minds of both was painfully manifest. He did not say
that on his own authority, for many of the most re-
spectable of British subjects in St. Petersburg expressed
themselves to him when there as of precisely the same
opinion. All that he saw of the Emperor convinced him
that he was kind and temperate, and far from deserving
the character which he bore in this country. The people
seemed devoted to him, and he went amongst them every
day unattended, when he was always received with the
greatest enthusiasm. The barbarous slaughter at Sinope
was, however, performed every night at the theatre when
the deputation was there. After characterising war as
inhuman, unnatural, and unreasonable, he expressed his
opinion that after thousands of lives had been sacrificed,
the question would remain as it was.
Mr. Pease was heartily cheered curing several por-
tions• of his lecture, but the majority of the audience
seemed greatly disappointed that he made no allusion to
the present aspect of affairs in the East.
A vote of thands to the speaker concluded the pro-
ceedings.

congregation, and so interested in the success o.

the university, could baldly fail to select, if
otherwise qualified, a sufficient number of those

who form a considerable part of its own number.
The declaration of the illegality in future of all
oaths which bind to refusing information to Royal
Commissions, or to opposing all reforms—in uni-
versity phrase " changes"---•is an unmixed good.
We are ready to second any abolition of
oaths which will ever be proposed, but oaths
pleaded in bar of indispensable improvements
—.oaths that we have done, or will do, what
is impracticable or forbidden by the imposers of
the oath, cannot be characterised in language of
censure too strong for the truth. We write de-
liberately in stating that the false swearing at Ox-
ford is unsurpassed in the history of abolished
custom-house oaths, or perhaps in the records of
most trials for perjury ; and that, too, in the name
and in the professed interests of religion.
It is proposed with nearly universal approba-
.

tion to widen the range of studies very consider-
ably, and chiefly, we presume, with regard to
this object, to increase considerably the number
of the professors. The College Tutorial system
is not to be superseded, or in any way interfered
with ; but the professorial system is to be worked
side by side with it, and part of the funds to pro-
vide for the extra professors are to be furnished
by the wealthier colleges under the superinten-
dence of Commissioners appointed by the Govern-
ment. This will also facilitate the carrying out
of another part of the Bill, on the successful ope-
ration of which much of the hoped-for good will,
we think, depend. Private Halls, under the super-
intendence of a Master of Arts, are to be per-
mitted under a license from the Vice Chancellor ;
if the license be made to depend on certain fixed
legal and reasonable conditions, and be not at the
sole discretion of the functionary, this will open
a door for most salutary competition, as it will
not only afford an opportunity for adapting such
halls to whole classes of the community ; but any
man of unusual ability and ardour for the instruc-
tion of youth, like ARNOLD of Rugby, for instance,
could find a most appropriate sphere for his gene-
rous enthusiasm and talents. We trust that the
conditions spoken of will not be such as to inter-
fere with " unrestricted competition."
And here it is that even on the Bill as it stands
the Government might so easily have hung a fair
compromise, at least of the Dissenting question.
For ourselves, we go the whole length with Sir
Wm. HA MILTON, and would make matriculation,

WHITAKER'S EDUCATIONAL REGISTER FOR 1854.
The value and extent of the information contained in
this work, now in the fourth year of its publication, will
no doubt ensure for it a very large circulation. Such a
guide had been long wanted, and the enterprise shown
by Mr. Whitaker in supplying it entitles him to no small
credit. We have here concise accounts of the univer-
sities, colleges, grammar schools, and other public edu-
cational institutions throughout the three kingdoms.
There is a list, also, of some of the principal private
schools in the country, as well as of the chief universities
and other places of learning in Germany, Sweden, and
America. The register will take a prominent place
among the many books of reference which now form so
marked a feature in the productions annually issued from
the metropolitan press.
THE PARIS BOURSE. —The final quotations from the Paris
Bourse yesterday evening showed a further fall of nearly
a-half per cent. The letters describe a slight improve-
ment in the rate of exchange on London, and it' is be-
lieved that the heavy remittances of gold from this iicle
will now in a great degree be checked. The amount
taken from the Bank of England was again al;out
50,0001. The whole of the gold brought by the Sydney
steamer will, of course, be sent, as it gives a slight ad.
vantage over that obtained from the Bank.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 21, 1854

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.--(THIS DAY.)

(Before Mr. Commissioner Evans.)

IN RE SWALLOW. -THE PARK TAVERN AT BATTERSEA.
Mr. J. R. Chidley, Gresham-street, applied to his
Honour for a private meeting to examine witnesses under
this bankruptcy. The facts were, that the bankrupt
had been in comfortable circumstances until he married,
and became involved in a Chancery suit through
a family dispute, and his property at Nine Elms
and the Park Tavern at Battersea being jeopardised,
he was made bankrupt, and a short time since obtained
a high class certificate. Mr. Chidley applied, a few days
since, and obtained the sanction of the Court to defend
the suit in Chancery for the benefit of the estate, in fur-
therance of which object it was deemed advisable to
examine all parties which this Court has power to do in
all matters connected with a bankrupt estate, and pro-
bably more conclusively than by interrogatories in
Chancery.
The application was granted.
IN RE HARRIS.

This bankrupt was described as of Waterloo-road.
Bayswater, &c., and to-day was appointed for consi•
Ceration of his certificate.

The debts were about 1,2501., and the assets wil .
barely cover the expenses of the petition.
The solicitor to the assignees opposed, on the ground
of excessive expenditure and bad book-keeping.
His Honour said the certificate must be suspended
for six months, and then to be of the third class.
The bankrupt applied for protection.
His Honour said that it would be granted for a
month, and from month to month unless cause
was
shown to the contrary.
The bankrupt then applied for a return of the fees of
the meeting, which bankrupts are required to deposit
in order to advertise in the Gazette, as the Act of Parlia-
ment does not authorise the direct payment out of the
e,tate.

The solicitor to the assignees objected, as, although
where the bankrupt's conduct had been blameless the
amount was often paid out of the estate, in this case
there were no funds.

The application was refused.

MARLBOROUGH-STREET-(THIS DAY,

ROBBERY AT SAVILLE llOUSE.—Frederick Macdonald,
a respectable-looking young man, was brought before
Mr. Hardwick, charged with stealing a gold watch and
appendages, of the value of 501., the property of Captain
Conyers Tower, of the 6th D!agoons.
The prosecutor deposed that, last night, he and a friend
were at Saville House, Leicester-square, witnessing the
boxing that was going on, and between 11 and 12 o'clock,
as they were coming out, the passage was much crowded,
and he was pressing forward through the crowd slightly
in advance of his friend, when he felt some person's hand
in his waistcoat pocket. He looked round, and raw the
prisoner withdraw his hand from his (prosecutor's)
pocket, and he immediately missed his watch, which
wa safe in his pocket about five minutes before. Wit-
ness directly took hold of the prisoner, and held him
till he saw a police constable, to whom he gave him in
charge, on suspicion of stealing his watch and appen-
dages, which were worth upwards of 501.
Cross examined by Mr. J. Solomon, of the Borough-
road, who appeared for the prisoner—Was leaving the
honse at the time. Prisoner was close by his side. His
(prosecutor's) coat was open, and his watch-chain, to
which was appended a locket and several small pieces of
foreign coin, was slightly exposed to view. His friend
was near him, and they were in the passage leading to
the entrance door. There were many people near him
when he felt prisoner's hand in his pocket. The
passage was well lighted with gas. There was sparring
in the room at the time he took out his watch
to see the time, and he missed his watch about
about five minutes after he left the room. Police Con-
stable 42 C stated that last night, about half-past 11, he
was on duty in the passage at Saviilo-house, near the
second door A crowd was coming out, and he saw the
prisoner in front of the prosecutor. A short time after-
wards the prosecutor came up to him, and said he should
give prisoner in charge on suspicion of stealing his watch.
Witness asked the prisoner his name and where he lived.
The prisoner replied that his name was John Macdonald,
that he was an artist, and lived at 8, St. Andrew's-road.
Witness then took him to the Station, where he gave an-
other address, 43, St. George's-row, New Kent-road. Wit-
ness went to the latter address and upon inquiry ascer-
tained it to be correct. The prisoner was searched but
the watch was not found.

Inspector Mahoney, C division, said if publicity were
given to the case, no doubt they should be able to dis-
cover some trace of the stolen watch, which was a
valuable gold one, and had the name of prosecutor on
the dial in lieu of the usual figures.
Mr. Hardwick suggested that bills should be at once
printed, which being circulated by the police might have
the effect of leading to a discovery of the watch, and in
order that every inquiry should be made as to the cha-
racter of the prisoner, he (Mr. H.) should remand him
until Saturday next.