The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-28 00:00:00

nembers of the Municipal Commission waited on vourably treated on the Continent than they fel -
the Emperor, and had the honour of being pre- merly were. It says :
muted to the future Empress, by whom they were i "Formerly the English enjoyed on the Continent pri-
most graciously received. I vileges beyond the law of nations, while the English
Government did not treat foreigners so well. This ad-
The opinion in favour of "the marriage " ap-
pears to gain ground, and a reaction setting in of vantage of the English was the result of the esteem
a friendly kind. The news from the departments which was professed for them on the Continent. From
is encouraging. It is an indispensable condition in ElB4Bl every thing changed. Ideas favourable to the
ng is overnment have disappeared. It is not that
England has openly made war agtinst any power on the
the Roman Catholic Church that the reception of ,
Continent, but 'it has made war in the midst of peace •
the other sacraments shall be preceded by that of
it has played the traitorous part of betray'iv, her friend
penance. Marriage is a sacrament in that Church,
and the Emperor and Empress are not exempted by giving a Judas's kiss. Eminent Englishmenbetraying
from the rule. The Emperor made his confes- gone through the States where the Ambassadors of
sion, as also did the future Empress, at twelve their nation were accredited in order to excite subjects
o'clock on Wednesday, and they both received Ito revolt against the Sovereign. A. Minister has even
the Communion at ten o'clock yesterday morning in avowed in Parliament that he wished to take from the
the Chapel of the Tuileries. A "low mass,"
allies of England of 1815 their territorial possessions
course without music or singing, was celebratd, at of
without a declaration of war, and the House of Commons
which they both communicated. There was no offs- did not blush at this glaring infamy of the Government.
If at some future time the English Government should
cial announcement, nor was there any but the
most restricted attendance, and everything was I prove that this policy was that of a few men, and not of
done as quietly as possible. the nation, the feeling which is now unfavourable to the
Thousands of medals are, for the last few days
cried out in the streets, and may be had for two' English would be changed."
A letter from Warsaw announces the death of
sous each. On one side is the effigy of the Emperor men Count Francis Potocki, one of the most influential
with the inscription, " Heureux manage du S. M.
Napoleon 111., Empereur ;" on the other that of A letter from Vienna, 22d, states that the cousin
the Countess of Teba, with the words, "Im era of the Prince of Montenegro has demanded an
trice des Franeaise, 30 Janvier, 1853." BioP audience of the Emperor, which will probably be
phical sketches of various kinds, one or two made u : granted after the return of General Kcellner. The
oPr object of the journey of the general was strategic ;
from the correspondence in the papers, are also f
sale. The, marriage has proved a regular harvest before his departure the Government had taken
measures to protect the frontiers.
for the hawkers.
The Debats says :—" At the opening of the ap- Letters from Cattaro of the 21st, in the Trieste
fth
proaching session, the Senate will occupy itself in Gazette., announce that the districts of Labine,
fixing by a Senatus Consultum the do Kulassui, Zupanisicka, Zubce, and Kraiscevice,
Empress, as it results from the follo • ry
passage in Herzgovine, have declared for the Montenegrins.
of the report made by the Count de Casablanca, in Austria is sending troops to Dalmatia to protecl
the name of the Commission charged to examine her frontiero.
the project of the Senatus Consultum on the civil
list and the dotation of the Crown :—" As soon as
the Emperor, yielding to the ardent supplications
of France, shall fix on a spouse to sit with him on
the throne, the dowry shall be determined by a
Senatus Consultum, without that happy event giv-
ing rise to any increase whatever in the civil list.' "
The Progres du Pas de Calais has the follow
ing : _

AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

There has been some angry discussion in the
Senate of the United States, and there is likely to
be more, in relation to the Bulwer and Clayton
treaty. Already things have gone so far that the
veracity of one or more senators is involved in the
issue. The Monroe doctrine not only now seems
to be in especial favour, but this doctrine is fast
degenerating into Filibusterism ; so deeply has it
struck to the heart of the nation.
The business world has been startled by the in-
troduction of a bill into the Senate of the Legisla-
ture of New York conferring corporate privileges
upon some citizens, to organise an association,
with a capital of 100,000,000 dots., for the purpose
of building a railway from the river Mississippi to
the Pacific Ocean. It is proposed to complete the
survey of the first 600 miles by a year from next
April, and within five years from that time to
have these 600 miles of railway completed.
There is also to be a telegraph line over the
same route. Stupendous as this scheme is, it is
said that the names of the corporators will afford a
very satisfactory pledge to the public that the en-
terprise will be prosecuted with the utmost vigour.
Of course, these corporate powers are conferred by
the Legislature of New York subject to the ap-
proval of the National Congress, since no one State
of the Confederacy has any authority whatever to
trespass upon or extend its authority to the do-
mains of another State or those of the Federal Go-
vernment. But it is not supposed that Congress
will interpose any obstacle to the scheme, and its
re-affirmation of the act of New York will impart
to this charter from the Legislature equal validity
with axy act of Congress itself.
There have been two trials of the Ericsson caloric
steam-ship, and in many quarters it is alleged that
the experiments were more satisfactory than
its best friends anticipated. The inventor thus
briefly sums up the merits of the caloric prin-
ciple :
" 1. The caloric engine burns about one-tenth as much
fuel as a steam engine ; hence a caloric ship of the largest
size may circumnavigate the globe without stopping to
take in coal ; hence, not a sail will be seen on the ocean
in 50 years after the success of the new principle is cer-
tain ; hence, machinery will be applied to a thousand
arts which now require manual labour ; hence, the pos-
sibility of the long-desired machine plough ; and hence,
the coming of that good time when arduous manual toil
will absolutely cease under the sun.

Three persons are now in a particular manner called
into familiar intercourse with Napoleon lll.—namely,
M. Conneau, his first physician; M. Acar, of Ham, his
first pharmacian ; and C. Thelin, who is charged with
the distribution of assistance to the numerous applicants
to the Emperor. MM. Conneau and Thelin are well
known ; both of them shared in the captivity of Prince
Louis Napoleon at Ham, and it was to their zeal and de-
votedness that he owed his escape. M. Acar, of Ham,
is less known to the public, and his unexpected appoint-
ment may naturally have excited some astonishment.
M. Acar was, during the captivity of the Prince, united
with MM. onneau and Thelin in their devotedness to
the captive, and it was through his agency that the pri-
soner of Ham was able to safely correspond with his
friends. M. Acar is a man of high scientific acquire-
ments. In our number of the Ist of April, 1844, we
published an important discovery made by him in the re-
fining of sugar. The article we allude to concluded as
follows We, who have long known M. Acar as a man
full of patriotism, and whose intelligence and education
place him far above the career he has entered on, are
happy to meet with this opportunity of acquainting the
public with our sentiments, and making it share in
our sympathy to wards those who love us. XX.' This
signature was that of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. The
future Emperor, in writing those lines, signed the brevet
of the fortune which M. Acar now enjoys."
The Emperor by a decree orders -Generals of
Division Bessieres ; Count Clement de la Ronciere ;
Lebrun, Duke de Plaisance ; Pelletier de Pernety ;
Rohault de Fleury ; H. Rottembourg ; Subervie,
and Baron Woirol, and Generals of Brigade Audoy ;
Auvray ; Avisard ; Bailod ; Budan. de Russo ' • De
Chabannes-la-Palice ; Chadeysson ; De Courbon-
Blenac ; Delamalle ; Delcambre ; Destabenrath ;
Count du Moncel ; Gellibert des Seguins ; Guile-
ma, . Koch ; De Laloyere ; Leboul ; De Marion
de daja ; Mauduit ; Perquit ; Baron Reynaud ;
Gaultier, Viscount de Rigny ; Thiebault • Trappier
de Malcolm ; De Kerden, Baron de irobriand ;
Ricci ; Urvoy de Closmadeuc ; Count de Venevelles,
and Baron Villatte, to be at their own request re-
moved from the retired list and admitted to the
second section (reserve) of the General Staff of the
Army.
We read in the Moniteur:—" In the night of
the 22d, on the breaking up of the ball of the
Tuileries, and at a moment at which the carriages
were leaving, a conflict arose between some of the
domestics and the chasseurs of his Excellency Veli
Pacha. As soon as his Majesty was informed of
this, he sent one of his aides-de-camp to the am-
bassador of the Sublime Porte to express to him
regret at what had taken place. The persons who,
on this occasion failed in the respect due to a re-
presentative of a Sovereign, friendly to France,
have been punished. His Excellency Yell Paella
has shown himself fully sensible of this friendly
proceeding."
The experimental squadron, under the command
of Admiral de la Susse, returned to Toulon, on the
24th, after a week's cruise, during which' it had
experienced some heavy gales from N.W., but
without receiving any damage.
The Minister of the Marine has just received
dispatches from the Ile de la Reunion, dated the
27th November. The accounts contained in them
are most satisfactory. The decrees which have
been published during the last year in favour of
the colonies had produced the most favourable
effect. The livrets were distributed with facility,
and the best results were anticipated from the
measure. The cultivation of vanilla had acquired
considerable development ; it was expected that
the crop of this year would produce from 400 to
500 kilogrammes, and there is every reason to hope
that in a few years the island would be able to
supply the whole consumption of France, which
has hitherto been dependent on Mexico for the
article.

"2. The cost of the caloric engine is about the same
as the steam engine, minus the cost of the boilers.
"3. Only one-fourth as many engine-men will be re-
quired on board a caloric ship as are necessary for a
steamer.

"4. No smoke whatever will issue from a caloric fur-
nace when anthracite coal is used, and consequently no
huge unsightly smoke-pipe will be necessary, and the
rigging will be as clean as that of a sailing ship.
"5. There can be no bursting or collapsing of boilers,
for the simple reason that there will be no boilers to
burst. The worst accident that can happen to a caloric
engine is for it to stop ; nor is watchfulness imperatively
required, as in no case can a dangerous accident occur.
"6. Owing to the extreme simplicity of the caloric
engine, the wear and tear will be very slight, and the
duration of the engine proportionably long."
The American Exhibition for the Industry of all
Nations seems to be exciting au increased interest,
not only in America, but throughout Europe.
Mr. Everett, the American Secretary of State,
has forwarded an official circular to all foreign
representatives, inviting their co-operation in
the undertaking. After a kind of half apology
for the inadequate representation of America
in the Great Exhibition of 1851, Mr. Everett
exprdsses himself as certain that the , produc-
tive, manufacturing, and artistic resources of
the United States will be displayed to greater ad-
vantage in the New York Exhibition than on any
former occasion, and ventures to predict that, in
some respects, the Exhibition at New York will
equal, and even surpass, its prototype in Hyde-
park.

Under the head of " Les Principes de 89" there
is an article of nearly six columns, from the pen
of M. Granier de Cassagnac, in the Constitutionnel.
The article is too consecutive for us to detach pas-
sages with a view of showing the argument of the
writer, and even an analysis would fill a greater
space in our journal than the subject appears us to
warrant. The object of M. Gamier de Cassagnac
is to disprove the statements in the works on the
French Revolution of M. Thiers, M. Mignet, M.
Louis Blanc, M. Michelet, and M. de Lamartine.
These authors have all more or less ascribed the
principles of the revolution to the influence of the
doctrines of Voltaire and the other philosophers of
the last century. M. Granier de Cassagnac con-
tends that they proceeded from the initiative of
Louis the Sixteenth, who, he says, attempted to
establish them in spite of all the obstacles that he
had to contend with.

VESSELS FROM AUSTRALIA.—The non-arrival of any
large proportion of the vessels known to be on their way
from Australia with consignments of gold, while con-
tinued shipments of coin are made from this side, causes
disappointment. Nearly a million and a half sterling is
on board of vessels which had sailed previously to the
departure of the last advices from Singapore, and it is
probable that the Great Britain and the Sydney also aro
now within four or five weeks of their return with an
equal amount. On the whole, it is estimated that, even
up to the present time, the gold received has exceeded
only in a very slight degree the quantity transmitted
from this side for its purchase, since, in addition to the
sums sent on mercantile account, those taken by emi-
grants, of which no precise calculation can be made,
must have reached a very heavy total. At the same time
the exportation of goods has been going on to an
unprecedented extent, and is rapidly increasing. For
this augmentation, therefore, Australia is ou;debtor,
and as its value, may, perhaps, not be far short of
3,000,0001., it will be seen that the present state of
the Bank bullion does not of itself present an index to
the existing balance of trade, since, in addition to the
stock in the vaults of that establishment, we may reckon
the sum thus stated as being at sea, and wholly unre-
presented in our circulation. In ordinary cases it
would not be correct to assume that the returns
for goods exported would all come to increase out
stock of wealth, since those goods are made
out of raw material, much of which is im-
ported from other countries, and which will involve pro-
portionate payments from us to foreign producers. But
in the case of shipments to Australia these payments
for the raw materials of which they are partly composed
are completed long before we get anything back, and a
drain of our specie may therefore, under such circum-
stances, take place to the continent, while the larger
amounts of gold which are to operate as a set-off,
and to pay both for raw material and manufacturing
skill, are delayed in their arrival. This is what is taking
place at the present time, and is a counterpart of a
state of affairs that existed at one period between San
Francisco and New York. Under the pressure thus
created, about two or three years back, the rate
for money in the latter city during a few months
rapidly advanced, and there were many predictions of a
crisis, together with a renewed cry on the part of the
Protectionists for a higher tariff that should enable them
to keep the gold they were obtaining. As soon, how-
ever, as regularity of communication was thoroughly
established all this difficulty ceased, and from that period
to the present, owing to the steady excess of the gold
received over the gold exported, and the consequent
abundance of capital the money-market has been easier,
even in the midst of the most extended activity in all
branches of enterprise, than was ever before known.
There is no reason to suppose that the same state
of things will not be witnessed on this side. We are
now simply in the position of tradesmen who pay ready
money for material and wages, and who give credit to
the customers. At times they require all their capital
and something more, and at other periods, when
they get their debts in, they are anxiously seeking for in-
vestments. In the former instance they are compelled
to pay a full rate for money, and are in the situation in
which the public now find themselves with regard to the
Bank of England, but although the Bank are quite right
in proportioning their charge to the demand, they also
must expect when collections come in, to experience a
corresponding reaction. It is probable that during the
text year the changes in the relative abundance or
scarcity of money will be more sudden and frequent than
at any former epoch, and it will be an advantage if this
should ultimately induce the Bank to discontinue the
announcement of fixed rates, and to adopt the only true
course of-regulating their business in accordance with
the actual state of the market from day to day, and the
general position of their affairs.
THE SUGAR DUTIES.—The Commissioners of Customs
having received and considered a proposition of their
principalere officers, submitting, in cases where sugar en-
is
fodunto d
uponbe .ar
being landed and
ehouseldunderan inferior
edenominaotiona
superior quality, that the warehousing entry may be
allowed to be amended fro the lower to the higher
rates of duty, without special application to the Board
in each case, the landing
surveyortbtthere
aenrd
.landingwaitoer
certifying upon the warrant
to the amendment of the entry for theewhosle or suc hn
mayry
proportion of the sugar as
be
propositionspecifi d by
of
tthem,h er
the Board have approvedof the
surveyors-general, and have directed theproper officers
to govern themselves in future accordingly.

The Pays has a long article on the subject of the
expected amnesty, in which, without committing

the Government to any precise promise, it
fear under-
takesba theo
in to say, that "as the
take backcomeshedayto
whenits
country may without
her exiled sons, it is not the Chiefof
of clemency;"theSt,telvh
will retard by a single minute the hour
and it adds, " may this hour come idelaywthotof
that the Emperor may follow the magnanimity
his heart without compromising the sacred interests
of society."
It is said that a decree of amnesty will appear on
Sunday.
The health of the Countess ofCliahlbe p oredxisrienssaedn
alarming state, and the physicians
but little hope of her recovery.
The Bourse was more than usually animated
yesterday, and, as the settling-day is approaching,
a warm contest was engaged in between the
speculators for a rise, and those for a fall, which
after many variations, ended to the advantage
of the speculators for a rise. The Three
per Cents, opened at 80f. 30c., rose to 80f.
60c., fell again to 80f. 40c., and finally closed
at 80f. 70c. for the end of ie month, being the
highest price of the day, and a rise of 50c., as
compared with the closing price of Wednesday.
There was no political news afloat. The Four-and-
a-Half per Cents. closed at 105 f. 30c. Railway
shares improved slightly ; Orleans closed at 99Th.
50c. ; Rouen, 938 f. 75c. ; Havre, 490 f. ; Great
Northern, 837 E 503. ; Bale, 347 f. 50c. ; Paris and
Strasburg, 765 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 867 f. 50c. ;
Lyons to the Mediterranean, 728 f. 75c. ; Western
of France, 675 f. ; Caen and Cherbourg, 607 f, 50c. ;
Bordeaux and Cette, 562 f. 50c. ; Dijon to Besan-
con, 520 f. ; Shares of the Bank of Credit Mobilier
(issued at 500 f.), 735 f.