The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-15 00:00:00

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

"This place fills up an hiatus which the Crystal Palace leaves
wanting. Vocal and instrumental =sic of the first order, and a
display of fireworks which exceeds all imagination, are a fitting
close to a day at the Crystal Palace."
DANSON'S COLOSSAL PA NO RA 5f A of CH USAN.
Splendid and Extensive Menagerie and Marine Aquarium—Unri-
called Military Band.
VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT,
in which Miss Poole, Miss Ransford, and Mr. Manvers sing
several National and Patriotic Songs--All the Amusing Novelties
of the Gardens in succession, concluding with the " Feast of Lan-
terns," and a most magnificent display of Fireworks by Southby.
Admission One Shilling. A splendid Pavilion for Dancing has been
erected. Full Quadrille Band, &c.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.

Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke.
Appearance of Mr. CAMPBELL, formerly of the Theatre Royal
Sadlers' Wells.
THIS EVENING,

An interesting Hippodrama, called THE WOODMAN'S HORSE ;
or, THE FADE KNIGEIf.

After which, the Chef d'Euvre of Fanambulism, the performance
of HERL CIIRISTOFF on the Tight Rope.
The Matchless Stud of the Amphitheatre in the SCENES in the
I RCLE, Invented and conducted by Mr. William Cooke.
To conclude with the Burlesque, called THE SIEGE OF TROY ;
or, THE GIANT lIORSE. Compressed into One Act

Box-oitco open from Eleven till Four. Stave Manazer. Mr. W.
West. Acting 31anager, Mr. Campbell. Equestrian Director, Mr.
Wm. Cooke, jun.

..FTGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY --Mlrnin2 16 min.after 7 1 Evening 47 min.aft. 7
To iIORROW -Morning 29 min.after 8 Evening 16 min.aft. 9

THE WEATHER.—Sus Orricz, Sm. 15.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
68—highest since noon yesterday.
56—lowest this morning and during the night.
68—this day at noon.
BAROMETER, 30'05—rising.
WIND, S.W.—Light, and fine sunshiny weather.
rained heavily yesterday, but the storm has blown over.

Mr,ll
(1.1

~r"s'
.c~ 3.

:-

AUT.

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1854.

It would seem as if the AUTOCRAT were pos-
sessed by an insane notion that winter would once
more protect Russia from her opponents, and that
a repetition of the events of 1812 would prostrate
the Western Powers at her footstool, and enable
her to carry out her original intention with re-
spect to "the sick man's" property. Under this
impression, ho hardens his heart against more
prudent councils, and still proclaims his intention
not only of resisting any attempts that may be
made " to turn the tables," by demanding, at his
hands, " material guarantees" for the preservation
of peace, but also persists in his arrogant preten-
sions with respect to the Ottoman Empire and its
subjects professing, what he is pleased to term,
the " Orthodox religion." The conflagration of
Moscow appears to be the model which he has set
up for imitation, and the devastation of the coun-
try the mode of defence on which ho mainly relies
for defeating any attempt to carry the war into
his own country.

There certainly is some resemblance between
the proceedings of 1812 and 1854. The con-
duct of Austria and Prussia, is just as treacherous
and deceitful, and the Russian statements just as
mendacious at the present time as they were
forty-two years ago. But there the parallel ends;
and it is, as we have already remarked,
,absurd to
suppose that the tactics, which then succeeded in
baffling the attacks, and cutting off a large pro-
portion of the finest and most powerful army the
world ever saw, could be at all applicable to the
present crisis. NIOHOLAS seems to think that,
because the burning of Moscow has been described
as "a sublime effort of patriotic devotion,"
future annalists might be tempted to regard the
destruction of Odessa in a similar light. Hence
the atrocious proclamation of General KRUSEN-
STERN, to which we recently directed public
notice, and in which he speaks of con-
verting the town already spared by an enemy
more humane than the CZAR or his myrmidons,
i'into a heap ofruins and ashes!" Such an act
would have no
redeeming feature to divert atten-
tion from. its infamous cruelty. It could scarcely
embarrass for a moment the allied troops, who
would have all their wants
s, protectesupplied through d
numerous transport
by a powerful
navy, from whose prowess the Russian ships-of-
war hide behind batteries destined not to afford
any prolonged protection to the skulking Cowards.
He may recollect, too, that at the time such
was the abhorrence with which the cold-blooded
act was regarded, that neither the Emperor ALtx._
AN DER nor any of his officers dared to acknowledge
any participation therein. Even RosTorcß/N,
the Governor of the devoted city, and the person
cognisant of the original plan and the details by
which—if the conflagration were not the result of
an untoward accident or series of accidents—it
must have been carried out, many years afterwards
(in 1826) published a pamphlet, entitled "La
Verit6 sur l'lncendie de Moscow," in which he
disavowed all claim to what was then beginning

to be considered. " an honour." And Sir WALTER

Sourr, in.his " Life of Napoleon," declared that
"there were many, and those good judges of the
probabilities of such an event, who have shown
strong reasons for believing that Moscow shared
but the fate of a deserted city, which is almost
al ways burned as well as pillaged !" It is certain
that ROSTOPCHIN was ever afterwards regarded
with great disfavour at the Court of St. Peters-
burg for although we benefit greatly by a crime,

we may hate the criminal ; and ALEXANDER in-
variably spoke slightingly of the act, notwith-
standing the praise accorded to it in cosequence
of the magnitude of the results—but for which it
would have been held up to the reprobation of all
future generations as a most fearful and horrible
atrocity
We have alluded to these facts from the strong
hold that they appear to have taken on the ima-
gination of the CZAR, and which invests everything
connected with the campaign of 1812 with intense
interest at the present moment. A comparison of
the events of that year, so disastrous to the for-
tunes of the first NAPOLEON, will, however, show
that there is really no similitude between the two
epochs. France sent a gigantic army, exceeding
half a million of disciplined soldiers, into the field,
but its enormous magnitude proved the chief
source of the calamities that subsequently befel
it. It was impossible to provide food and shelter
for such numbers, more especially as there is
but too much grounds for believing that the im-
mense magazines and stores which the provident
forethought of NAPOLEON had established at
Vilna, Wetepsk, Muisk, Mobilow, Smolensko,
ctc., &c., were, in a great degree, " plundered
and wasted by the very hands appointed to guard
and distribute them 1" Can we, therefore, won-
der that the devastation of the country and the
destruction of its capital should have had a most
ruinous and fatal effect on the fortunes of those
thus deprived of almost all their resources ? On
every contested field the honour of France was nobly
maintained. Even under their most bitter trials
the troops and their Imperial Commander proved
themselves mutually worthy of each other ; and
the passage of the Beresnia must ever be regarded
as one of the most brilliant exploits of the greatest
General that ever lived, whether in ancient or
modern times.

To those desirous of acquiring an intimate
knowledge of those eventful proceedings, we would
earnestly commend an unpretending but intensely
interesting little work by Major-General KNOLLYS,
formerly of the Scots Fusilier Guards, and
now the efficient and popular Lieutenant-
Governor of Guernsey. It is a translation
from the French of Lieutenant-General DE
FEZENSAC, who commanded the 4th Regiment
during the retreat. He was thus placed in the
division of Marshal NEY, and, as one of the rear-
guard, had ample opportunities of witnessing
those fearful scenes in all their awful horrors.
The " Introduction" of General KNOLLY is, how-
ever, even more important, for it gives the best
and most impartial view of the entire affair. It
was, it appears, written expressly for the library
of his own Regiment ; but we can answer that at
all times, more especially at this moment, it pos-
sess a charm for civilians as well as soldiers, af-
fording, as it does, the most correct information
respecting matters of paramount interest to the
community.

A voice which none can despise has just pro-
nounced in the hearing of Europe the name of
Poland. The venerable Prince ADAM CZAR-
TORYSKI, once the friend of ALEXANDER, and a
better servant to the brutal savages NICHOLAS
and CONSTANTINE than they deserved ; the re-
pressor of revolutionary counsels, though com-
pelled by circumstances to become the President
of the National Government in the Polish insur-
rection of 1831—an insurrection wholly due to the
brutalities and cruelties of the Archduke CON-
STANTINE ; this venerable statesman has spoken
aloud to Poland, and that from Paris. Gladly
would we believe that he knows himself welcome
to speak. Many are the reasons why the monarch
who is master of every utterance from the banks
of the Seine should espouse the cause of Poland.
It is one which has ever been popular with his
countrymen. Polish and French legions long fought
side by side, and the two soldier-like people learned
to admire each other's courage. Frenchmen, to a
man, would exult in the restitution of Poland, and
would be proud that France should be the re-
storer. Then, Polish nationality is an unfulfilled
promise of NAPOLEON I.—a promise which he
lived to regret that he overlooked. The retreat
from Moscow might have been far less disastrous,
and the visit of the Russians to Paris after Wa-
terloo almost certainly prevented, had Poland
been a large and powerful kingdom. And even
now, should the hereditary despots east of the
Rhine plot against the throne of NAPOLEON 111.
and the liberties of France, a powerful Poland
would give them work enough to do if it owed
to him its national existence. We may believe,
too, that Loris NAPOLEON is not indifferent to
the place his name may fill in European history.
Certainly nothing would fix it in a more perma-
nently honourable place than to be the prime
mover in compelling restitution of Russian, Prus-
sian, and Austrian spoliations, and in raising
from the grave a buried, though yet living, nation.
Whatever may be augured or hoped from the
place whence the PRINCE dates his letter, much
is to be noticed in the fact that he should spe ik to
his countrymen now, and in the tone which he
adopts. He gives them no rash, no stimulating
counsels, but points out to them the aspect of the
political horizon, and advises them to note the pecu-
liar manner in which PROVIDENCE has made
Poland an important word ; still he warns them
rather to remain quiet than to move without
adequate guarantees. He well remembers the
oft-deceived hopes of the Poles, and especially
how in 1831, like Hungary in 1849, they vainly
hoped that the great Western nations would inter-
' fore, if only in their own interests, to demand
that Poland should be a bulwark against Musco-
vite barbarism, instead of a bridge for its
baneful influence on European civilisation. Ile
justly observes that "Poland, without its name
being pronounced (by diplomatists, he means,
of course), imposes herself by the force
of things on the thoughts of nations, of the Ca-
binets and the Statesmen of Europe." All men
and all Governments who feel that Russia is too
over-grown for the quiet of Europe must see in
Poland the obvious remedy—a remedy by an act
of mere political justice, and one which, had it
been done at the treaty of Vienna, would have
saved all the present turmoil and expense. It is
impossible that Poland should not be now in the
thoughts of every politician and every patriot.
Nothing, however, can be more cautious than
his advice. Cultivate your nationality, wait on
events, move not till some powerful nation de-
mands your liberty, then let Poles from all parts
of their native land and of Europe rush to the
national banner ; till then preserve your present
calm and prudent attitude. Such is the substance
of his counsel ; he believes that PROVIDENCE
is directing events towards the end dear to his
heart. Perhaps he breathes a more hopeful at-
mosphere in France. We are free to confess that
while the duty and the interest of civilised, and
and especially of free, nations is sufficiently-obvious,
our leading men in this country are the most hope-
less set he can possibly look to. We have a Cabi-
net without one master-mind, and half shop-keep-
ing, half Russian. One section of it dreams of
nothingtilibeiritie3xonpdorst: and imports, per centages and
Ezeh
besides a tolerable share of
leaning to absolutism. Another section is Russian
and Tory for the charm of the things themselves ;
and though they are forced by regard for place to
confront the CZAR, they take their revenge by lay-
ing on us the heaviest pecuniary penalty they
dare, squandering all of the money they can,
holding the hands of our soldiers and sailors,
and sending them to fight the cholera rather
than the Russians. Not one noble aspiration,
or
boldhe nd
spontaneous deed— nothing be-
yond vaguely gallant words of but one mom_
ta
ber in the Cabinet have we yet heard of. N,
effort have they made to interest the nation
in what they- take its money for ; it has bees the
nation's task to arouse its heartless, or rather its
philo-Russian, servants.
We have, however, one hopo.—they may be •

"drifting" towards Polish Emancipation. This,
indeed, appears to be what the Prince chiefly
looks to. He too well knows the selfish and ab-
solutist tendencies of our governors to put his
trust in them ; but a long political experience has
taught him that even Czars, Emperors, and Pre-
miers cannot stem the course of events. Should
the CZAR protract the war through another cam-
paign ; should Austrian perfidy, already beginning
to display its odious character in the provinces,
become too transparent and unbearable ; should
this real ally of Russia, this coveter of the pro-
vinces, be unmasked beyond the possibility of
pretending mistake, who can then tell what the
complications and the solution of them may be
The indignation of the French, German, and
English nations may become unmanageable, their
rulers may be compelled in self-defence wholly to
change their course, and the venerable Prince
CZA RTORYSKI, with the snows of age on his
temples, may aid with his latest counsels to con-
solidate the Government of restored Poland.

THE CAMP AT BOULOGNE.

THITRSDAT EVENING.

A review of the infantry at Helfault and of the cavalry
at Bruybres took place to-day, in the presence of the
Emperor and the Prussian General Wedel.

After the review the Emperor returned to Boulogne.

AUSTRALIA.

LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 14.

The clipper-ship Indian Queen, one of Messrs. James
Baines and Co'e. Black Ball line of Liverpool and Aus-
tralian packets, arrived in the Mersey this morning, at 6
o'clock, having on board 240 passengers, and gold dust
and nuggets to the value of 246,0001. She left Mel-
bourne on the 27th of May, but on the 7th of August
she put i❑ at Pernambuco for water, where she was de-
tained until the 10th of the same month. Her advises
have been anticipated.