The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-20 00:00:00

LONDON, THUESDAY EVtNIN' GT APRIL 2.0, 1854.

THE WAR.

DEPARTURE OF THE EARt., OF LUOA.N.
We have at length to record the departure' for the
East of Major-General the Earl of Lucan, Commander-
in-Chief of the British expeditionary cavalry, which, when
mounted, to use a military term, will number about 2,000
men, The noble earl left the South-Eastern terminus
last evening for Dover, from which he will proceed, as
quickly as possible, to Marseilles, Where he will embark
for Gallipoli.*
Lord Lucan was accompanied to the station by his
daughters, Lady Augusta Gerard Sturt and Lady Lavinia
Bingham, alio by his youngest son, the Hon. G: Bing-
ham. His lordship was received by the officers of the
company, who had set aside a special compartment for
his use. Lord Bingham, son to the noble earl, anti on
his staff, is already in Turkey ; and Captains Walker and.
Charteris, also aides-de-camp, started on Sunday last.
.Brigadier Scarlett and -Brigadier the Earl of Cardigan,
commanders of divisions under the noble earl, have not
yet left, it being desirable for the wale benefit that
some of the staff should remain until the latesit moment.
Lord Lucan had prolonged interviews on and
yesterday with the Secretary of War, the Duke of brew-
castle. He also visited' the general. in command of the
home troops, Lord Hardinge.

NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.
. The St. Vincent, 101, Capt. Scott, removed
out of the fitting basin -to 'Portsmouth harbour yester-
day for painting. .• ,
The Nile,;9l (screw), Commander Booth, pendant of
Commodore Martin„C.B., got up her steam yesterday
at Spithead, and went to Stokes' Bay to try her speed.
She has taken in • packages and supernumeraries, and
sailed last evening to • reinforce Sir Charles Napier's
fleet. •
The Penelope, 16, Paddle-wheel frigate, Capt. Caffin,
left the steam basin at Portsmouth yesterday, and will
proceed to the, Baltic in a few days.
The Harpy, 4, iron paddle-wheel vessel, Lieutenant-
Commander' Lindsay, has been completed in the ma-
chinerY department and partly rigged, and will be re-
moved to Portsmouth harbour to-day for service in the
Baltic.
'The Scourge, 6; paddle-whee/ sloop, Captain Adams, H
fitting at Portsmouth for the Coast of Africa station,
is noting het steam department attended to. Externally
she makes no show in equipment at present.
The Pigmy steatreveasel, fitting as a gunboat for the
Baltic, was undocked yesterday at Portsmouth, and
will be completely equipped in a few days more.
The Sphynx, 6, paddle-wheel steam-sloop, has been
thoroughly repaired, and received her upper works. She
will be the next paddle-wheel ,sloop commissioned at
Portsmouth for the war service.
The Geyser, 6, paddle-wheel sloop, at Portsmouth,
has had some additional workmen put upon her to expodite her for further service. This vessel was about to be
broken up some time since. _
The Eurydice, 20, sailing frigate, Captain Erasmus,
Ommanney, is receiving ballast and taking in light stores
—her rigging is nearly complete, and also her necessary'
repairs, and she will be ready to' leave the dock for the
sea-fitting basin to-morrow.
The Colossus, 80, new ship under conversion for 'the
screw, has a great number of workmen employed on her
to hasten her for commission.
The Rhadamanthus, steam transport, Master-Com-
mander Belam, with machinery for the Algiers, 91, and
boilers for the Exmouth, 91, arrived at Plymouth at ,9 on
Tuesday morning. • , •
The Pride of the Ocean transport, with the first troop
of the 17th Lancers on board, sailed from Spithead . yes-
terday morning for Turkey. -
The Ganges transport, with the second troop' of the
17th Lancers, left Portsmouth harbour yesterday after-
noon for Turkey.
Nos. 23 and 24 transports sailed from Spithead yes-
terday for Queenstown to take in troops for the East.
The Simoom, 18, iron screw troopship„.Captain Smith,
will be docked this day, to be brought forward with,the
least possible delay for the conveyance of more troops to
the East.
The Albatross hired screw transport is being fitted as
tin armed vessel at Portsmouth; and; among other war
stores for the Black Sea fleet, She will convey, about 80
cases of gunpowder, Tor which a magazine will have to
be fitted.
The Megsera, 6, screw troop-ship, Commander J. 0.
Johnson, having refitted machinery, will leave the basin
at Portsmouth to-day.
The- transport No.-30 went down the river on Tuesday
on her wayfrom Deptford :to Portsmouth to embark
troop horses for the East.
The Mangerton, No. 19 horse transport-ship, when
she left Woolwich early on Saturday morning last was
short of her crew, and had to anohor at Gravesend until
she obtained more able seamen. She ultimately left
Gravesend on Sunday evening, and passed through the
Downs on Tuesday, on her way to the Mediterranean.
The St. Vincent, No. 18 horse transport-ship, arrived
at Woolwich on Tuesday evening from Deptford, and
was at once taken into the basin, and at half-past one
o'cleck p.m. yesterday about 40 mon and 46 horses, the
supernumeraries of the Ist division of the Royal Artillery
for service in the East, commenced embarking, and were
all on board in the afternoon.
Seamen for the transports have, been '-offered 4/. per
month, with other advantages, arid the freights of these
vessels is now 30s and upwards per ton, when, similar
vessels might have been engaged this. time, last year at
less than half that sum per ton. The number of trans-
peas required already; for the war 'service is upwards
'of 70.
Major Colborne, on the_staff of MS' Excellency General
Rowan, left Quebec on March 24,' en route for Constan-
tinople, having received an appointment on the general
staff satthe expeditionary army.
Captain Inglefield's 3d company of the 13th battalion
marched at half-past 6 o'clock a.ria..yeeterday to Roff's,
wharf, and proceeded by boat 'to' London, and thence
by railway to- Devonport, to relieve Captain Kennedy's
,company (7th battalion), the latter being under orders
to move from Devonport to Dublin, to relieve Captain
Freese's company (12th battalion), under orders to re-
turn to Woolwich. Captain E. M. Boxer's 4th Company
of the newly-formed 13th battalion left the garrison at
_4 o'clock p.m. yesterday, for London, and proceeded by
the night train from Euston-,square to Liverpool, en
route to Dublin, to -relieve Captain Cleaveland's com-
pany (12th battalion), under orders to return to head-
quarters at Woolwich. On the return of Capt. Freese's
ind Captain Cleaveland's companies 'to Woolwich, the
whole of the eight companies of the 12th battalion will
he at head-quarters, and will be the first eight compa-
nies for foreign service when the second division embarks
for the East.
Sixteen non-commissioned officers and gunners arrived
at the garrison at Woolwich, from Malta, on Tuesday—
the non-commissioned officers on promotion, and the
gunners as invalids unfit for further service.
Lieutenant-Colonel Shuttleworth, Royal Artillery, is
under orders to proceed to Barbadoes, to take the com-
mand of the Royal Artillery at that station, in the room
of Lieutenant-Colonel Wilford, at present in command,
as he has been appointed to be Assistant-Inspector of
Artillery at the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich, vice Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Burn, employed abroad on, a special

service.
Lieutenant Colonel P. Benn, Royal Artillery, is under
orders to proceed to Jamaica, to relieve Lieutenant-
Colonel lb. G. Wilson, at present in command at that
station, as he is appointed to fake the command of the
Royal Artillery at Shoeburyness.
Yesterday a detachment of the 35th Foot, consisting
of 180 rank and file, arrived'from Gosport at the Tower,
to relievo the 19th Foot. The 19th Foot aro expected
to leave the Tower this day en route for Gallipoli. It
is understood they will embark on board the transports
at Woolwich. The main body of the 35th, according to
present arrangements,, will arrive from Gosport and
march into the Tower on Friday,.
A great concourse of . persons assembled in 'Birming-
ham yesterday -morning to witness the departure of the
6th Enniskillen Dragoons en route for the East. The
previous night the men, after their arrival from Lich-
field, were pretty freely entertained by old acquaintances.
throughout the town, yet, notwithstanding, they must
tered punctually at an early hour, and passed inspection,
we were informed, without a complaint. Head-quarters
were at the Hen and Chickens Hotel, and from High-
street to Cannon,street New-street was densely crowded.
When the order to march was given the multitude raised,
hearty cheers, which were continually repeated as the
troops passed down the Bullring and along Cheapside
to the environs of the town. Nothing could exceed the
peo_ple. The route of the regiment, as previously de-
lls ore h
i b eefcl ,t'i
es notreg exactlyhneet mu
htfrom accurate.e
Birmingham Yesterdayotne e
e poer
e
ley-in-Arden, and the other to Alcestery on their way
westward for Exeter. They will embark, it is under-
stood, at Plymouth, and thence proceed to,the Darda-
nelles by sea. -
The second troop of the Bth Hussars, under, command
ilf Alajor de Sails, arrived at Plymouth on Tuesday from
Exeer, and yesterday proceeded to the Dovonport cloCk-
yard to embark in the transport Mary Ann., . •
Forty enrolled- pepsioners are ordered to proceed to
the prison at Dartmoor to relieve apempany of the 20th;
which regiment is under ordersfor embarkation.
It is reported—for even yet -it is nothing but repOrt-:-
that the 11th Hussars are, to embark on Thursday, at
the North w all, on,' board steamers, for _conveyance to
Liverpool, where transports will be provided for the con-
veyance of the regiment to the seat of war. The over-
alls of the ofliOers have been rendered, somewhat more fit
for rough service by, the, insertion of leather down the
inner sides and all round the legs,
about half-way up to
the knees.
This necessary change has not yet been ex-
tended to the privates. ,
In addition to the three vessels, the Courier, Ti-
mandra, and Star of the South, which arrived in Queens
town last week to await orders for ileParture with troops
for the. Fftst, five,, other vessels, are daily expected, to
arriie- in that harbour for the transport of. troops_ to
mato: ea route -to. the East.- Their names .are, the
Gotnaizo, Cornwall, Dunbar, Melbehrne, ,and, Borttba.y.
The transports which are.to-arrive .will,convey, the last
*division of the 80th, detachments '6f the 3pth and tsth
Regiments, and the service companies_of the 14th Be.t
atpresent stationed at Limerick., The "baggage
gimen
.on ,
-of-the 39thltegiment was Anesklaytpla,c.ed- on boar 4
the tittiapniii;:.CettrieraD.44l.-5.4r 41 the South, TyingAA
Queenstown, for conveyance G.- Gibraltar. On Weld;

nesday morning, at 7 o'clook, the first` division of this
corps, under comrairidof Lieutenant-ColorTl W. /i/miro,
left the barracks for. Penrose's-4u4, wt,erf mEeers and
men went on board the Royal Alice stelel. or con.
veyance to Queenstown,_ and, in the couPG ri(f the day
the second and last divisions followed. 1-10; head-
quarters iof. the 89tii. Regiment, uncler 6.Z.mand of
Lieutenant-Colonel Ferryman, will leave PeProrie's-quay
on Thursday morning for embarkation on, bbard the
Timandratransport, lying at Queenstown. Largabodies
of recruits who have ;.enlisted in Ungland continue, to
arrive in. Cork to join regiments and depots at pteaeat
serving in Ireland. -

THE MILITIA.
The Ist West York Illilitia, under the command of
Lieutt-Colonet the Hon. 1. G.' Monckton, assembled
for their second period training at-Pontefract yesterday
(Wednesday}. The regiitient,, whieh consists principally.
-of recruits from Bradford, Halifax, and Huddersfield,
musters nearly I,o.oo.strong, notwithstanding that seve-
ral have enlisted into the line. , The full complement
of the corps is 1,040, so that it is about 100 short
Several, of the force have recently .been undergoing a
private arill.preparatory to, the assembling of -the corps.
The North Lincolnshire 'Regiment of -Militia will as=
' eembre for training on the I(ith proXitab.', . On Tuesday
70 teen belonging to the corps were brought up fat-drill.
This number are to be taught the ark of drilling, so,that
they may be able to examine the rest of the regiment
when they are called up.i Thera is ati excellent brass
band attached to the corps.
The Notts Regiment of Militia, assembled at Newark,
has now completed &third .Qf ,the time alletted.for its
training, and bag anade the. most surprising progress in
military malicouvree- OA. Monday a special train from
Nottingham .eonveyed . A vast multitude of persons to
witness the.

CHEVALIER•BEINSEN'S' RECALL-THE
STOCK EXCHANGA

- . -
. On the llth:Of the present 'Month the Times, in one
of its leading articles, intimated that an attempt bad
been inade by the faction at Berlin to'dispiace
the representative of Prussia at the Court of England.
The journalist, after pronouncing a glowing eulogium on
•rendered •
the services by the Chevalier- Bunsen to the
-Liberal cause, breathed a.prayer that the attempt might
.not be successful.; and finally expressed a hope that "if
the Chevalier Bunsen :withdraws at• all from the
-public duties he has- so long and so ably discharged
in this country, 'the interruption will be a !very tran-
sient one." Thlt perusal of such a paragraph at break-
fast time was not, in the case of those who deal in
stocks; favourable to digestion ; accordingly not a fevi
of them'made their appearance on 'Change in a rather
despencling and nervous mood. They had. only been
there an hour or two when, a second edition of- their
Oracle confirmed their misgivings by. publishing an
" electric telegraph" from Berlin in these word :—" The
' Russian party has triumpbed, apd Chevalier Bunsen,
the Prussian Minister, in England, has been recalled.
Nothing but decisive and successful action on the part
of the Allies will ever change the vacillating policy' of
the Xing." In the evening of the Same day Lord Cla-
rendon, in his place in the, Howse of Lords, without
directly contradicting this report, assigned good reasons
for, disbelieving it. Next morning, however—the "12th
—the Time,s, in the most, peremptory and unequivocal
language, affirmed the truth and literary accuracy of its
telegraphic news. These, are its words :
" 'The allusion we made yesterday morning toe the
possibility of Chevalier Bunsen's withdrawal from the
post of -Prussian Ministefat 'this Court, was followed,
after a very brief interval, by the announcement, tele-
graphed from Berlin by our own correspondent, that the
Prussian Minister is actually recalled. It appears that
no formal communication to this effect had reached •
doubt that
but there is noLondon yesterday evening,
our statement is correct, and that a courier is now on the
road with despatehes to this- effeet.". '
Eight gays have elapsed since the .publication' off the
above positive averment, and yet . the deepteheif have,
not wade their appearance. The tardy courier who *se
" on the road" on the 12th of April; has not yet reached
London, although it is now' the • 20th. And, what is
more strange, the Times has not once recurred to the
subject since--L•has offered no explanation of the cause of
his tarrying. In fact the Times, finding it. has ntieen -
egregiously gulled, is unwilling to revert to= the
subject. •
Yet there, were. circumstances 'attendant upon the '
publication of the startling report that the Prussian
AM&ssador in. London had been recalled at the instiga;
tien of a Russian partY in Berlin, which render it 'de-
sirable that the Times should institute some inquiry into
means, and the persons, by whom its " own corres-
pondent" at Berlin (it indeed it was sent by that gen-,
man), was so egregiously hoaxed. The alarming electriC
telegraph, and what almost appears a preparatory note
of expectation sounded in the early 'edition of the Times,
wero publiahed on the 11th inst. Their effect upon the
course of the funds will be best explained by an extract
from the City letter of the Times itself of the 12th
inst. - •
" The fluctuation's in the English fundS tb.:ctiy (the
11th) have again been rather yiolent, and, after having
opened at a decline of three-quarters per cent:, they ex-
perienced a further severe fall,- from which, up to the
Close of business, there was only a slightrecovery. , Con-
sols, which, left, off yesterday. at 881, were first quoted
this:morning at no. to.. i.; the decline in the French'
funds; and the general character of the news, especiallY
as regards .the disbelief still prevalent at Vienna of any"
sincere .co-operation on the,' part of Austria with the,
Western Powers, having caused considerable heaviness.
Nevertheless, -a good demand for stock was still observ-_
able, and a re-action therefore took place, almost imme-.
diately to 88, at which quotation the market for'. some
time, showed steadiness. The intelligence from Berlin'of
the recall of. Chevalier Bunsen, the Prussian Minister in'
England,' on the ground,' it is presumed, of his earnest
appreciation of the conduct of this country, and conse-
quently as a concession to the animosity of the,Emperor
Nicholas, then produced a very, decided effect, and the
price dropped-rapidly to 87. Sensitive -as the market
was, however, some tendendy to recovery.
,continued to
exhibited; and the final transactions were at 871 to R. for
both money and account."
In connexion with this history of a day's vicissitudes
on the Stock Exchauge, it must,be
Singularly
mind that
the price of the funds has been
ogu
since the declaration of war. On the morning of the,
11th the -market opened, it is true, .rather heavily, but
the effect of rumours from Paris the lugubrious antici-
pation of the Times abiit' Chevalier Bunsen's recall,
evaporated as the day wore on, till a portentous tele-
graphic message was received, and then the funds went
down at-once—like the barometer .hefore
'a hurricane '
lower than they had yet been. Next day, hoWever, they
rallied—more faith was reposed upon Lord Clarendon'a
statement. that no intimation of recall had reachedeither
Dewning-street or the Prussiau embassy, than-upon the
Times' story of a courier on the Toad bringing the re-
call.--7-and they have never again fallen so lovin. In con-
sequence, however, of unexpected, sudden, momentary
,oscillation, immensesums otmoney were lost and won.
The dissemination of an incorrect and, groundless
rumour dogmatically affirmed for four-and-twenty
hours, and then consigned to ohlivion—;has entailed ()rip-
pling'iosses upon many, to the great gain of' :a few. The
story of the Prussian Minister's recall was the sole cause;
for the elasticity of theprices of the funds has sustained:
every other shock and pressure before and since. Mho-
palmed off. this miracle-working 'Story upon the "own
correspondent" of the Times? Who profited by the im-
plicit belief accorded, to the fiction by that journal. It
is obvious that .the story is not one of those common
canards,. let loose without any definite aim or hope,
perhaps out of mere stupid credulity. Great pains,-
must' have been taken, to pre-occupy the minds of the
journalists with an expectation of the Chevalier -Bun-
sen's recall, and with faith in 'the infallibility. of. the
source whence , the knowledge that he actually •bade
been recalled, was alleged, to have been derived. . The •
task.inust have been dexterously gone about, and must
have been a work of time ; the agents must have shown
themselves sufficiently to be easily recognised. The
Times—which of late has been boasting in such magni-
loquent phrase of' the perfect organisation and enormous
reach of its means, of obtaining news--must surely find
it easy to fix upon the culprits who, have so atiaciously
worked ;upon its credulity. Their exposure is a :duty
it owes to the public and the press of England ; to the
for there have of lite been strong indications of a
systematic invention, and diffusion of talse news with a view
to operate on the Stock Exchange ;_ to the priers;for deeply
tainted a$ many foreign journals have been with participa-
'
tion in.-frauds of the Bourse, it is desirablethat it should
be
be
madedem demonstrated s
;thet ra4t eup et. English journal may occasionally
d an
such machinations, but never an
accomplice them... 1-ears ago the Times acquired
immense eciat, by ite bold and dexterona, exposure of
piece of continental, swindling, and was rewarded for
,its services by cominemerative, marble tahletp and the
foundation. of a"Times
scholarship, -" It, has now an
'opportunity Of again renderinga similar service, by, fee.
retting out and exposing the fraudulent speculators
in stocks, who haye made its; 0 tirn. columns -the
involuptary instrument of creating a twelve hours' panic
upon 'Change, thathas gone nigh to beggar some, and
may have placed others, wh6 were. tottering on thn verge
of bankruptcy, in a state "of affluence, at least for a time.
—Daily News.

'hit ST. . PERGUS - CASE.--;-.;We iiinderOfiand: that the.
division in thekiryAn reference.itcythis Cale *ti ii for,
g, not proven;h'-antb4 for ," guilty:' .. The Prisoner, on
being liberated, left' Edinburgh the. serge evening, „4 il d
was cot, '•as was ctirreutlrreported, agaiii 4ptehended
on another -charge. We have been-requested- to supply
an omission in our report of rthe examination of .the
witness Aden,-- namely, -that the -,Selicitc-General- said
herhad sreen'and pfecognoieed tile witness himself; -and.:
'that lie had thentold the story as. tosineetini-SOtli and
bi'Donald together. about .28 Ininiites:: test V o'Clocl4
sri6stantially'ae -hD had'repeated it in the Wittithiibes.
The conduct of Aden, though leading to the iniiireision
of prevarieatien and --concealment,
was. probilaly attri7:
lititable-to confusion and -misappreheu§iou 4434 fici.
:4iiiiio;iel i3oiiition. ~, i:. - -

,

THE DOBBODSCIIA OF
TREJ.A.N:
. :• ,

r

• f the con t' '•
The following deOriPtion o u r— ,_ which.
, . y u
the Russians have just chosen to commence opera=;.
tions, is from Major'Nfoltke's history of the Turco-
Russian campaigns of 1148 and..1829,:---
The landihe says), is: a desert, .such as could hardly be
expected, to exist in Europe. Inchiding the inhabitants.
of the towns, we can hardly assign more than .800 per-
sons to 'the Gelman sqnare tnile. The desolation of the
Weiles'was certainly produced in agreatmeatire,by the
Tartars during their: retreat in. the last campaigns, but
.even in 1828 the great difficulties •an army would have
to encounter in its march across the:country could •be
fore/men:from the nature of the soil. - In the northern
part of the Dobrudsbha rises. :the; steep' -mountain
Chain; 'of 112atchip.. the Beshtepe, -er Five Hills here
and - there picturesquely, wooded, and the,;" heights,
Of Babli•-dagh, or " Old Father HMS." FUrther to
the-Sc.:kith, the whole district fornia a . low undulat-',
fug' doWn, that is only a few.:.hundred:: feet'..aboVp
the sea level. The soil -consists of. a. fine grey
sand, that absorbs all mOistiire. - Water, when it
falls upoh the surface, meets with a substratum 'of porous .
• liraettone; and percolates- through this alsoi.L it is lbst
'labour to' search in the Valleys :for; rivulets or springs.
The little drinking water there scan only,„be hid at.the
'few villages scattered here. and there at wide intervals,'
and it has to' bd drawn from •wellr that are' from .80 to
"100 feet deep by means of -bast-repet.-. On. account of
this constant drought and, the amaltpopulation, agricul-
ture is at a very low ebb ; forage is quite as great a rarity
as corn, and neither haystacks nor granaries exist in
these villages, for the grass withers away at• the begin-,
ning of simmer, leaving nothing but-a boundless waving
plain of tall dry stalks. The nutnereas-floqka of sheep
and herds of buffaloes graze generally in the fiats of the
Danube and on its IsletS,' . Not a tree nor a shrub is to
be seen anywhere, not even in the villages. , Quite-as
desolate. and barren, equally without water. and wood,.
nay, still more so is that part of Bulgaria on the other'
side of Trajan's Wall, as far as Bazardlik, ;Should a
column of troops have to traverse this ground, it must
Abe prepared to battle for more than' a hundred miles
against privations of every kind, and the want of every
article requisite for sustaining hfe. , ; , -
On the other hand, the Bulgarian plain befrween • the,
Damibe and the Balkan is less desolate; Here every-
thing is green in the spring and to the end of June ; the
sides of the deep.valleys are fringed 'with linden trees
and the.wild pear; the brooks are set in' broad mea.'
doVis; and wherever the land is'in tillage there luxu-
liatit croPineVer fail'; even the largest tracts lying. in
' falloW are covered with the "richest grass 'in profusion.
But the villages few, and only here are any inhabi-
tants to be found ; though far apart, they are large and
generally Well stocked with the necessaries of life. : ~ •
. The Wil, which ia of loare, is fertile, but thy' roads are
in cOnsequencequite impassable in the wets Sen., At
this' period the act of -descending into the de p'- valleys;
et
where theflchVing waters are almost everywh re without
bridges,' i's kitfended 'not unfreoluently with the most
iinniinent- danger.— In winter the snow falls in such
nlaseefi that the reads are for the timequite obliterated.
in most - plades. . Vegetation dries up towards the Sad
of summer, add there is then a scarcity of water;
nOtwithStanding this has been attempted to be re-
inedied "by the ' piety 'of Musselmen, who, where 'it
his_ been possible, have constructed:- fountailis':(Tsliesli-

tnehs.) On this account the passage of cavalry in par.
ticalar, and of all troops indeed, is sometitnervery
If most camps in a hostile country are pitglaed at the
sides of .valleys with a stream in front, id these hot

_ .
countries, in addition to the difficulty 'of produring 'what
is wanted= in (Lampe. besides wood . and straw, there is
another—that of finding a secure spot for pitching. that.
camp. Wa,ter,.and a great -deal of it, is 'here so,tpara-:
Meant a necessary of life that, in order not to over-
fatigue
ilii) men, the commander-generally, much against-
.his'will, I's obliged to encamp for the night Olose. to the
outer, and therefore before thapioper inilita+y peiiition;
The population of ttoumelia is essentially itgncultural
and pastoral. Almost all the towns' are ilt on the
Panube or at the foot 'of the mountain rage ; in the
first', named live the 11fugstilmin, and ine last the
Christian-portion of the population. A ;Prustaian officer;
'who travelled' through the Dobrudscha, iiii the Nov;..
of 1.8.37,' amongst other remarks, has given he felloW
ing one :--" Man having, expelled man I from• thise
region, the country seems to have become t e property'
of brute animals. 1 never •saW so man nor • such
~
large eagles is here ; they ' were so Vol . that we'
it
could almost reach them with 'our r ing-whips,-.
and when so disturbed they were only scared. for
a ,moment from • the old downs on hich they
were settled. Soaring up with a short fii t, they re-
turned to their former station. Large co ies Of pat-
,
'tridgei rose, but only when the hoofs of ourhorses were
close to them; from out of the withered gra4s, generally
not unobserved by a ' kite ;wheeling aloft. I Droves of
bustards got heavily on the wing as we lapproached
them, whilst long files of Cranes and wild geese cut the
air. The hnffaloes resort 'to the .quagmiris near the
Danube; `and lie plunged in' them, leaving their nostrils
alone uncovered, and wild dogs looking like; wolves-
roam Without's master across the open copntry. We
rode past one of the isles on the Danube, on which mares
were grazing : when they saw our cavaicad coming up
they' begin to neigh; and some of the colts dished into'
1
'the stream to across' to Us. 'Dutki w re quacking
among the reeds, and a phalanx of wild swans, soaring
with lagging wings, careered in wide circles 'over 'the
;placid mirror of the water. The whole scene reminded
me of a landscape by Bverding or Ruysdael. Lower down
near the Danube the country becomes in general more
inviting, the islands arethere thickly overgrown with wil:
lows, the fc4.ks of the river resemble lakes, Andsittledgth
• the flat expands to one huge sea of reeds and rushes
more than 40 miles in. breadth. It is barely possible to
descry the steep white bank on the Bessarabian side be-
yond. The boundary wall or the doable; in some spots
'triple, wall, which the Emperor Trajan Caused to be
built right across before the Danithe as far:as the Black
Sea is still everywhere froni 8 to 10 feet high ; on the.,
outside runs the moat, and within lay great hewn blOcks
of stone, which seem to have once formed a miglily
wall ; the western part of this fortifikation has fronting
it the lakes and the marshy Karassu valley, which of
itself forms a natural moat ; but eastwards from the vil-,
cage ot-Belik,' the outer wall crosses the valley, and the
inner, southern wall runs behind the fernier at unequal
distances, varying from 100 to 200 panes. At intervals in
the rear we-found the traces of the great Roman square
camps. (castra), the side averaging 300 paces; ,the form
and. the entrances were still perfectly distinct. The
'middle part of the Dobitidscha is inhabited by Tartars,
who, when expelled by. the Russiana from the Crimea
withdrew to Bessarabia, and after the taking of si.nail
retreated to this spat: Runaway Cossacks also and
Lippovaners who have stolen away from RUssia, fOrin
no inconsiderable a portion of those human beings, that
still inhabit the desert 'of the Dobrndschi. -

BRITISH SIITP.PINGt.

According to the statistics of vessels entered inward,
the port, of Lendon shows an increase of 35 Vessels and
18,734 tonnage, the difference between 187 vessels with
97,595 tonnage in 1854, and 152 vessels with 78,861
tonnage in 1853. Liverpool exhibits an increase of 10
vessels and 7,814 tonnage, the arrivals in the former..
period 'haVing been 63 vessels; with 39,0)-5: tonnage,
and the hitter 53 vessels, With 31,281 tonnage. Bristol
figures for an increase of ,3 vessels and 3,166 tonnage,
the difference between 16 veSsels, with
.7,118 tonna,ge,
in 1854, and 13 vessels with 3,952 tonnage in 1853.
The return for the Clyde presents an increase of 8 vessels
and 4,141 tonnage, the arrivals in the 'former period
having been 24 vessels, with 10,052 tonnage, and in the
latter 16 vessels, with 5,911 tonnage, The total increase
exhihited is 55 vessels, and 33,490 tonnage, the diffeienee
between 290 vesiels' with 153,860 *tonnage; and' 235
vessel's, with' 120,370 tonnage. The principal arrivals,
have been from Madras,' Bombay; Ceylon, Singapore,'
Mauritius, New South WaleS, Philippine Island?, and
the Cape of Geed Hope.'
The statisticsof vessels Cleared csitward show a general
decrease. In 'the case of the port of London it is 59
vessels_and 11,748 tonnage, the difference • between 168
vessels with 83:-,016 tonnage, in 1854, and 227 vessels,
,'with 99,764 tonnage, in 1853. Liverpool figures for a
decrease of 43 vessels and. 13,341 tonnage, the departures
in,the former period having been 73 vessels, with 46,Q68
tonnage, and in the latter, 116 vessels, with_ 56,40 t
tonnage, Bristol presents a decrease of 1 vessel and
ii tonnage, the difference between 2'vessels with .473
tonnage, and 3 vessels with 684 tonnage. The return for
the Clyde exhibits a decrease of 19 vessels and 1,803 ton-
nage,-the departures having been 24 vesselk with 11,803
tonnage against 43 vessels; with 13,606. tonnage, in
_1853. The total decrease, as exhibited by the general re-
turn, is 119 vessels and 26,419 tonnage, the difference be-
tween 267 vessels with 146,360 tonnage, and 386 vessels
with 172,779, tonnage. The chief diminution has oc-
curred. in the departure of veasels for New Son* Wales,
New Zealand, &c., the decrease having been 71 vessels ;
but the amount of tonnage in those cases had not seriec.sly'
declined; being only 6,873 tons below the'Correspendiorg
period,of last year. The other items of decrease are
connected with the number of vessels which have d
for Calcutta, Bombay, China,' Sinsmpere ,
Java and Sumatra, and the Cape Good and Penang,
Hope.
,

!;.

[PRICE

TEE NEW ORDOBS IN COUNCIL.

The Orders iii Go-Lilian 'which we yesterdaypiblishea,
although liaised on Saturday, *ere first published in the
Gcii;eqe of TuesdaY. They introduce modifica;ions of
Very great importance, intended as suppletnentsi to, and
in some degree tui corrections of, those issued at the close
of last month; and we will concisely state their effect,
reserving for a future occasioa such comments! as may
appear necessary. . -
The paragraph immediately following the recitals with
Which the first Order commences provides thaX, it shall
hereafter be lawful for _vessels. sailing under a neutral or
friendly flag, and being neutral or friendly property,,to
import into any port or place within her Majepty'& do-
miniOoB any merchandise 'whatsoever, "to Whomsoever
the same may belong;" ancra, corresponding p rmission
for exportation is granted, under two . enditio s, which
are,: first; that the port- bp not under:, block e • and,;
secondly, that the merchandise be not contraband of' war,
'Or stieh as requires -a ePecial permission for its exPorta,-
. The-seeond portion of-the Order relates to British sub-
4ects 'as well as to foreigners, and provides that;kinder the
reservations Just mentioned, "all sUbieets Ofli Majesty
and the subjects ,Or citizens of any neutral o' friendly
Bta,te may, during and' -notwithstanding the pr sent hos•
tilities;withßussisolfre9lY:traile with all ports a d places,
wheresdever situate, which shall not be in 6 state-of'
bloCkade A. most important eiception; heviever, 101-1
1 lows; and it'isthis•i.---" That nolltitisli vessel 'shall', un-
der any circumetances. whatsoever, either under or by
virtue of this order or
,otherwise,; be permitted or em-
powered to enter or CoMmunicato with any port or place
which shall Wong to or be in the possession Or. occupa-
tion Of her Majesty's enemies." - • _
The bloCkade of the Baltic ports renders
might
e conces.
sions of less immediate importance than they nther,..,
wise be, for it will be observed thatthe right Of exclud,..
ing even neutral vessels under such circumstances is ,ex.
pressly reserved ; but taking Archangel as an instance
it.. would appear that direct trade with that P. may be
carried on without any risk or molestation,{ provided'
only that no British vessel be employed.
Obvious reasons justify the continuance of tlie restric -
tion just mentioned. It would hardly be pokksible for a
British *trade r, under any circamdances, to enter with
security a p ort belonging to the enemy ; and even a,
• stperior force outside would net prevent the capture of
'the ship, 'which might very probably be destroyed, as
well as of the crew, who would be made prisoners of
war, or might,
~perhaps, be impressed and forced to
. serve against their country. All, however, which it is
possible to do in favour of our own shipping interest has
been effected by the recent orderer.. We cannot give
them. the "power of entering Archangel, but4we enable
them to go to Hamburg or to Dantzie, andl to return
With hostile property.` It - would-Previously have been
Open to them to . bring the' vei'y saran cargoes,• pro-
vided that ' neutrals' Were =at - the time-, of purchase
the owners ; and, as might, be - expected ficti-
tious transfers have been, in, former times, encou-
' raved to :in enormous - extent 'by the Maintenance
of this - distinction. The carrying trade- will now no
longer be. left in the exclusive possession of neutrals,
and. indirect commerce .with the hostile state will afford
employment to English, capital, us well as to Bnglish
seamen. It is also to" be observed 'that, as. the rights
. •
'Of Vocks.de will be maintained;f and.-'as it is 'probable
that the ports in the Black Sea will speedily be placed.
in this condition while those in ,the Baltic. already
are So, the' traffic . must be almost entirely indirect ;
and,'therefore, the privilege which oeutealsi must cos-
" secs;. of being able to enter hostile ports, will give them
but little advantage over our own traders. The former
' order's, justifiable as theywere on grounds of the soundest
*414,, no doubt pressed somewhat hardly upon particu-
-IAI-classes of our population -, and we trust that ad.van-
tag,e .to tho nation at large, 'ae twat' as to, those who
Will "reap -the most' immediate benefit, may result
1 from the present modifications.' :It will be remem-
bered that in the case' of outward-bound cargoes, eon-
traband of war is excluded from the c'eneral permission,
and sufficient reasons exist for maintaining the prohibi-
tion. The, general effect of the Orders appear to be that,
subject to the two reservations just mentioned, direct
,
trade'with the enemy may be carried by means of neu-
tral vessels, and indirect trade by our ovs,n' or by those
Of any neutral nation. We wait with curiosity to see
whether our adyersary, will meet 'us by corresponding.
concessions ; hut nothing which has yet happened leads
as to suppose that a 'policy so libeihl will fi d favour at
the Russian Cond. However this may , we, have
adopted A course unprecedented perhaps,' ut at least
'deserving or a fair trial, and not unlikely tto produce
'desirable resiilts;• whether considered in its !cOmmercial
bearing or its political; which is at least ',equally im-
portant. • ' ' '