The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-03 00:00:00

MISCELLA

35
32i,
all
all

'Australian Agricult
Canada

Copper Miners of Eng,
Do. Preference
Crystal Palace
Eastern Steam

-EOITS

95 - 305

304 299 300
[297 300 303

G -. ...

Electric Teleg. of Ir.
Gen. Steam Navigat.
General Screw Steam,
fish Beetroot Sugar
Netherlands Land....
Peninsular& Oriental
Royal Mail Steam ...
South Austral. Land,
Univeral Emigration
and Colonization....
Van Diemen's Land
Submar. Telegraph ..

2
894 901
803 80-
63 7 5 73 13
[4 70 x. d.

2564

LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DA Y.)

LONDON, Jan. 3.—Wind at Noon, S., light airs and
cloudy.
BERWICK, Jan. 2.—The Symbol, of and for Colchester
from Seaham, sprung a leak, and was abandoned 29th
December in a sinking state crew saved, and at Holy
Island. The Merchant of Shields is on shore on the Inner
Fern Island, considerably damaged, and is not expected
off ; crew saved.
LYNN, Jan. 2. -• The Lotus, Hartlepool to London, sunk
Dec. 28, off Flamborough Head ; crow saved.
YARMOUTH, Jan. 2.—The Maria of Exeter sunk off
Flamborough Head, Dec. 28 ; crow saved, and landed here.
HARWIOH, Jan. 2.—The J. W. Collingwood, of and from
Sunderland, struck on the Cork Sand ; assisted off and
brought in here, making water.
HARTLEPOOL, Jan. 2.—The Medaa, of and for London
from Seaham, was abandoned off Flamborough Head,
Dec. 28 ; crow saved.
DUBLIN, Jan. 2.—The Amity, of and from Glasgow to
Oporto, which put in, Dec. 18., with cargo shifted, is found
to have her fore beam broken, and is discharging.
DEAL, Jan. 2.—Wind, W.S.W. Arrived—Admiral
Pict Hem, Batavia ; Titania, Calcutta ; Emperor, Algoa
Bay ; R. B. Porter, Nova Scotia. Arrived from the
River—Balmoral, for Shanghae ; Ann Black, Cape of Good
Hope and Madras ; Otter, Vancouver's Island ; Victoria,
Barbadoes. _ _ _ _

LIVERPOOL, Jan. 2.—Wind, S.W. Arrived—Harold,
Calcutta ; Bellona, Leonora, Demerara ; Maranthon, New
Orleans • Castello, Charleston. Sailed—John Knox, Mel-
bourne ;' Sir Harry Smith, Mobile ; Arabia (a), New York ;
Tomaulipas (s), St. Thomas ; Sumroo, New Orleans ; New
York, New York. Put back—Ashmore, for Shanghae ;
Bell Rock, Boston ; Runnymede, Newfundland. Of Port
—Alexander Grant, New Orleans ; Orient, New York ;
Siam, St. John's, N.B.
SHIBBEREEN, Jan. 2.—The Urania, Constantinople to
Queenstown, is aground with eight feet of water in her
hold. _ _ _

PLYMOUTH, Jan. 2.—The Albatross, St. Michael's for
London, has put in much strained with loss of bowsprit,
having been on her beam ends.
SOUTHAMPTON, Jan. I.—Wind, S.W. Sailed—Had-
dington (s), Constantinople.
TORBAY, Dec. 2.—Wind, W.S.W., moderate. Getting
under weigh—Quiver, Graham, St. Michael's.
DARTMOUTH, Jan. 2.—Wind, S.W. Arrived—Anna
Maria, Raisbeck, Ibrail.
FALMOUTH, Jan. I.—Wind, S.W. Arrived--Beaton,
Rees, Galatz • Venus, Ruffini, Constantinople ; Palmyra
and Odessa, delta. ailed—Forerunner (s), Medina, Tone-
riffe, and West Coast of Africa.
BRISTOL, Dec. I.—Wind, S.W. Arrived—Asia, Col-
quhoun, St. John's, N.B. ; John Wesley, Girgenti ; Nova
Felix, St. Übes.
ELSINORE, Dec. 28.—The John of Liverpool, from Riga
to Hull, is on shore in the Grounds.
HELSINGFORT, Dec. 23.—The Hannah, from Lubeck to
Borga, was driven on a reef of rocks, Dec. 51, and is full
of water.

GALWAY, Jan. 2.—The Maria, of and from Glasgow for
Grenada and St. Vincent, was driven on shore and filled,
Dec. 31.

ABERDEEN, Jan. 2.—The Commercial Packet, of and
For Colchester from Sunderland, was abandoned in a sink-
ing state, Dec. 28, off Tynemouth Castle ; crew saved and
Landed here.

THE BRIGADE.—It is said that four-tenths of the
Liberal Irish members who voted against the budget of
the late Ministry will offer an unceasing opposition to
the new Administration, unless the leaders pledge them-
selves to support Mr. Crawford's bill, and to the repeal
of the Eeclesialitical Titles bill.
EMIGRATION PROM LIVERPOOL.—The number of ships
which left the port of Liverpool for Australia during the
past month was 28, and the number of passengers 8,200,
about 800 of whom were cabin, and the rest steerage
passengers,

LITERATURE.

THE MAGAZINES.

Blackwood.—Although containing fewer articles
than usual; Blackwood opens gloriously the year of.
grace 1853 with this present number for January.
It would be remarkable if only for the first contri-
bution, relating to a subject rendered popular of
late by Mrs. Stowe's curiously celebrated " Uncle
Tom's Cabin," namely, that relating to " Slavery
and the Slave Power in the United States of
America." Beyond this, however, Maga is attrac-
tive for inasmuch as it introduces its readers to the
agreeable and instructive, though gossippina, " Let-
ter to Eusebius about Many Things." A delightful
review is given in another portion of the Magazine,
of the recently published volumes of the Life and
Correspondence of "Thomas Moore," edited by her
Majesty's Foreign Secretary. Best of all, brightest ,
attraction of any, is the twenty-eighth and con-
cluding instalment of " My Novel; or, Varieties in
English Life"—that exquisite fiction with which
Pisistratus Caxton has been rejoicing the he'arts of
his admirers for two long years and a half, we may
say, uninterruptedly. Opportunity will naturally
very soon be afforded us of referring in more direct
and detailed terms to a work which we hesitate
not to place in the very foremost rank in the
scale of imaginative literature. Sufficient for us
here to remark now that we have completed its
perusal—a perusal from which we have derived
such pure and elevated pleasure—that we marvel
no longer at that apparently vague and almost
slovenly title by which Sir Bulwer Lytton has dis-
tinzuished the narrative from amongst all his other
compositions as peculiarly and par excellence, or
rather, as he says himself, " par emphasis," His—
his Novel—the Novel which ie pointedly claims as
his own, the most natural and mellowed fruit of
his exuberant and ever-ripening intellect. As such
the world will accept it—and, we doubt not, will
in after times rank it with the chief masterpieces
of the imagination. Simultaneously with the
appearance of these concluding chapters of "My
Novel," come forth in the Blackwood of January
the early pages of a new fiction, oddly entitled
" Lady Lee's Widowhood." Its merits we are
sanguine, from the initial specimen before us, may
admit of a very speedy development. With the
foregoing contributions, the number of the Chief-
tian of the Magazines is crowned by a " slashing
and crashing" political on the "Defeat of the
Ministry."

Tait's Edinburgh Magazine.---The first article in
this number is the tenth of the series on the Go-
vernments of Continental Europe. It is on Greece,
and commences with the following interesting pass-
age on its departed glory:—

"It is impossible in our historical and classical asso-
ciations to separate from modern Greece our ideas of its
ancient classic splendour. We cannot divest ourselves
of the epics, lyrics, and dramas of her poets, the elo-
quence of her orators, the wisdom of her philosophers,
and the bravery of her warriors. We are, as it were,
inspired by Homer. We can imagine Demosthenes
rousing into enthusiasm, courage, and patriotism all
the energies of the popular assemblies whom he ad-
dressed in the most forcible, logical, and eloquent har-
angues that were ever uttered by man. We can
also, in imagination, enter into the spirit of the
Olympic Games, in which the most athletic and dex-
terous of the Greeks contended more vigorously for
honours than they would for their lives ; and we, in
idea at least, enter upon the triumphal battle-fields and
sea-fights which impart splendour to Grecian history.
And we should indeed be ungrateful did we not acknow-
ledge the instruction which we have derived in learning,
in science, and in art from the ancient Greeks. It was
the civilisation of the Greeks which first enlightened and
gave poetry, erudition, sculpture, architecture, and
painting to the Romans. It was to the Greeks that
the Byzantine historians and writers owed their educa•
tion and their knowledge. And it was immediately
after the Eastern Empire was utterly subdued by the
Turks that Central and Western Europe derived from the
Greeks, who fled from Thrace, the benefits which revived
learning among the Latins, and which afterwards ex-
tended erudition and civilisation to the Teutonic and
Celtic nations of the west and north."

There is an entertaining article upon an unpub-
lished epic poem on the subject of the adventures
and exploits of Richard the First. A baronet of
the last century was its author, and selected seven
of his literary friends as critics. He gave each a
copy of his work, which consisted of eighteen cantos,
and requested their candid criticism. When they
were returned with the judgment of his friends,
many of whom were well-known literary charac-
ters, he had them bound, and they now present a
curious study to authors. "Norman Hamilton" is
continued, and there is a paper on " The Welling-
ton Memoirs."

The Dublin University Magazine.--In the last num-
ber of this publication many articles were conclude ;
hence there are many novelties here met with.
A very long tale, entitled "The Golden Guillotine,"
gives a dreadful account of one of the many horrors
of the French Revolution. A young man, while
on a foreign tour, found one night wandering in the
environs of Tours, a lonely spot, where an old man
was kneeling among ruins. He entered into con-
versation with him, and lie related the extraordi-
nary events of his life. A young lady to whom lie
was on the point of being united was concealed
with himself and a friendly archbishop, who was
to join their hands before they started to seek an
asylum in La Vendee. The hero of the tale and
his friend went out to find boats for their departure ;
on their return they found the enemy had pene,
trated to the retreat, and murdered the lady and
her aunt, and carried off the bodies. Previous to
their final separation De Martigny had presented
his betrothed with a golden guillotine' on which
were inscribed these words :—" The head falls, the
heart remains." It appears that 'the ruthless
destroyers threw the bodies of their victims into
the river by Nantes, from thence to be borne to the
ocean. However, the strong wind cast the bodies
on the shore. De Martigny recognised his lost
Alphonsine by the golden guillotine attached to
her in death. He buried the remains on the spot
where he then stood, and, taking the sign in his
hand, he vowed vengeance and departed. He met
the wretch who had despoiled him, and, after a
short struggle, killed him. In the article entitled
" Gweedore' a very elaborate description of the
gradual improvement of that district, the property of
Lord G. Hill, is given. It is remarked, in conclusion,
that it is impossible to gain any advantages with-
out discipline and knowledge—that the tyranny
unavoidably exercised is freedom's best and truest
friend. " A Chapter on Legends" is very interest-
ing, and suggests many good ideas to the reflective
mind. There are two chapters of thr story of Sir
Jasper Carew. In Clonmacnoise, Clare, and Arran,
minute details are entered into relative to the
country in these parts. At the commencement of
this number there are a few remarks, made on the
subject of the Magazine itself, which is commencing
its twenty-first year. The following passage will
explain the motives that actuate its endeavours

"It was the habit of our worthy neighbours on the
other side of the Channel to assert that their sister lerne
was born with a certain physical defect—that, in fact,
she was dumb ; and so it was common twenty years ago
to speak of the Silent Sister.' Who ever hears of that
epithet now ? Who ever dares to use it ? It may per-
haps be too much to arrogate to the Dublin University
Magazine the entire merit of taking away our reproach
among men ; but assuredly it will be conceded that we
have done much towards removing the stigma. We
have done this directly and indirectly, by giving a voice
to our literature, an encouragement to our scholars, and
a support to many a man of genius, during that most
trying of all periods, the commencement of a professional
career. We have, in truth, created a periodical litera-
ture in Ireland, and for Ireland ; and in so doing we
have had an ample reward. We have extended our pub-
lication far and wide ; our numbers have penetrated to
the lofty range of the Himalaya Mountains, and, cross-
ing them, have entertained, and we hope instructed, in
China • we have been read in the Pacific Ocean, and
have found our way to the utmost limits of civilisation
in Australia and the interior of America ; while in Eng-
land and Scotland we enjoy a large circulation. We
admit that our principal object is to be national—na-
tional, not in a narrow sense of the term, but in that
large sense which endeavours to raise ourselves, our in-
terests, and our institutions, from the position of mere
provincialism, to that of a component part of the great-
est and most extended empire that the sun ever shone
upon. Our country has ever been the land of poetry
thblisriee ;sn ni e
believe We were
Irishmen w
and of song. It is but recently that one of her son h
be-
Itht eisfinrsetveorfthlyefeisstss
a, hfacast,pathassetdtiallwwa y fromamongst
poetic resources and the poetic mind of
not brought forward as they should have
lieve that we have aided in remedying
that we have done much to foster and
encourage the
efforts of many a child of song, and '
body of bards who may yet do credit
raised around us a
not dishonour the country which to our land, and
produced a Goldsmith,
a Wolfe, a Butler, and a Moore."

Ainsworth's Magazine.—A new romance com-
mences this month by the author of " The Con-
federates." It is entitled, "Nicholas Flamel," and
the period is that of the fourteenth century. The
tales of " Isabel Milford and Change" are continued,
and a story entitled " The Two Christmas-eves" is
commenced. It is not very promising, but the ad-
mirers of the romantic and horrible may, perhaps,
be interested. An article on " Ghost Stories of
the North," gives us an account of supernatural
appearances and sounds which have haunted the
inhabitants of Egton-hall, near Morecombe Bay.
There is no poetical contribution this month.

Thq New Monthly.—The New Monthly begins
the New Year bravely, for, in addition to a variety
of able and interesting articles—among others, some
beautiful lines by Nicholas Michell " The Birth of
1853 ;" " The Later Dramas of Sheridan Knowles ;"
" Memoirs of Thomas Moore ;" " A Garland of
German Poets, old and new, done into English by
John OxeDford." " New York, its Hotels, eze, 0

a► continuation of "Young Tom Hall"—besides
these and many others, the great feature of
the month is the beginning of a new tale
by Harrison Ainsworth—a tale of domestic life in
-Old England. We shall take another opportunity,
when the story is further advanced, of commenting
upon it more at length ; at present we will content
ourselves with saying that it begins admirably, and
promises well. The story entitled " The Flitch
of Bacon, or the Custom of Dunmow," is
founded upon an old custom very rarely
in these or any other times called into requisition,
as they say. Be that as it may, here is the formula
by which the claimants were catechised, and in right
of which the hero and heroine of the story lay
claim to the Flitch of Bacon, according to the time-
honoured custom of Dunmow

• " THE OATH.
" You shall swear by Custom of Confession,
• That you ne'er made nuptial transgression ;
Nor since you were married man and wife
By househol.l br_►wle or contention; strife,
Or otherwise at bed or at board
Offended each other in deed or word :
Or since the parish clerk said Amen
Wished yourselves unmarried again :
Or in a Twelvemonth and a Day
•
Repented not in thought any way;
But continued true and in desire
As when you joined hands in holy quire.
If to these Conditions, without all fear,
Of your own accord you will freely swear ;
A whole Gammon of Bacon you shall receive,
And bear it hence with love aml good leave ;
For this is our Custom of Dunmow well known :
Though the pleasure be ours, the Bacon's your own.
"No Brawls. No Regrets. No Transgressions. Con•
stant Love and Devotion. Twelve Honeyed Moons ; and
One Day over, to make all sure. The conditions were so
hard, and so little applicable to the cases of married folk in
general, and those of Dunmow in particular, that they
were never accepted. "

The United Service contains the first three chap.
ters of " A French Account of the War with
China," by A. Haussmann, an Attaché to Monsieur
Lagrene's embassy in China. The introduction of
opium into China by the English—its baneful
effects on the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire—.
the consequent opposition of the mandarins to the
poisonous traffic, from which the war originated--
are plainly and soberly related ; and the perusal of
M. Haussmann's narrative is worthy the attention of
those of the rising generation, to whom the Chinese
war is but a matter of history.

Sharpe's London Magazine.—The present num-
ber contains two very beautiful engravings. The
first is well known ; it represents a peasant girl of
Procida, and is taken from a painting by Leopold
Robart, of whose melancholy life a sketch is given.
The other is of the lower Lake of Killarney, from
a painting by T. Creswick, R.A. There is the
first part of a story by Mrs. S. C. Mal, and a ro-
mantic and mysterious tale entitled " Some Pas.
sages in the Life of Richard Sydney," is also com-
menced. There is a lively notice of Thomas Moore's
Memoirs, and a botanical article on the Flora of
Sikkim—Himalaya. " The Vigil of the Dead," a.
poem on the eve of the eighteenth of November,
has some pleasing verses :
" Ours is a time of mighty change ;
Thrones tremble, empires rise ;
Vast new-born worlds are springing up
Before our wond'ring eyes ;
And things we cherished in our youth
Have lost their ancient ties.
What England's future fate shall be,
Is still a hidden mystery ;
Who dares to lift the veil
Yet if, when enemies combine,
She has one head, one arm like thine,
Her spirit will not quail.
" How shall we build thy monument
What temple shall we raise,
On this our verdant island home,
To testify thy praise
The brazen tablet will corrode,
And sculptured stone decays,
No matter—when the earth and rust
Blend with the atoms of thy dust,
Thy name shall live in story,
And the young mother teach her son,
By the bright fame of Wellington,
To emulate his glory."

The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Re-
view.—The reader is informed, in the preface, that
this is the commencement of a new volume to the
long series of this publication. It is observed--
That which is to follow shall not lack improve..
ment, if that can be effected by zeal and good-will.
We, for our parts, albeit nearly a century and a
quarter old, are, as yet, unconscious of any winter
of the mind or body ; an eternal spring seems to
be our possession ; and, with the aid of our friends,
and the help of our subscribers, we hope to devote
it, for centuries to come, to the amusement and in-
struction of mankind." The first of the contents
is, " King Charles the First in the Isle of
Wight." A book has lately been published,
giving, for the first time, the letters of
that monarch during the year of his detention
in the Isle of Wight, and after he was seized by
the army at Newport. In the article entitled.
" Farinelli and Pompadour," a most minute com-
parison is entered into concerning these celebrated
characters, suggested by Maria Theresa having ex-
claimed, " I have stooped to flatter Farinelli, why
should I hesitate to praise Pompadour !" It is
truly observed that her remark was unjust in the
extreme, since no affinity can be traced between
an honest man who supported himself by his
talents, and the unworthy mistress of the king. A
very interesting description is given of Farinelli's
musical powers, which were remarkable : it appears
that he was able to sing three hundred notes with-
out drawing breath. Few other vocalists have
been able to accomplish more than fifty under the
same conditions. " A Journey from London to
Paris in the Year 1736," shows the different man-
ners and customs of a century ago. In the " Wan-
derings of an Antiquary," we are presented with
" A Visit to the Hill-Entrenchments on the Borders
of Wales, which affords a great deal of local infor-
mation.

Colonial and Asiatic Review.—" The Progress
and Prospects of Canada" is the first subject here
considered. It is maintained that great advantages
would accrue to the inhabitants, and also to our-
selves, from the introduction of railways. " The
Overland Route" describes the land from Bombay
to Ceylon in a very interesting manner, conveying
great information. " Head-Quarters and Manners
in the East" is concluded in this number. It gives
a lively, graphic sketch of Oriental customs among.
the English ; but it is to be hoped that some
characters are a little exaggerated, as, if true, they
would inevitably disgrace, instead of elevating, the
British name abroad. In the remarks entitled
" Unrestricted Competition and the Injured Inter-
ests," the late policy of Lord Derby's Government
is deprecated, as far as it relates to the affairs of
the colonies, which it affirms they might have bene-
fited by adopting other measures. At the con-
clusion of this publication, " Colonial and East
Indian Intelligence" is given at great length. It is
asserted that the Australian and Californian emi-
gr
ant aro in great need of assistance and protec-
tion, in consequence of the lawless depredators now
setting law andjustice at defiance.

Newton's London Journal.—This number con-
tains, among others, the patent of K. S. Norris,
for the construction of railways, bridges, &c.; and
that of J. Wragg for improvements in railway and
other carriages. Much attention seems at present
to have been directed to the important subject of
locomotion. Many other interesting patents are also given. There are, as usual, the two plates,
illustrating the improvements, which must be of
great assistance to the student,' as they convey a
clearer and more practical explanation than the
most elaborate description.

tra the Sporting Review is embellished. with a por-
of the celebrated jockey James Robinson, taken
from a painting by Hall of Newmarket, whose
career on the turf was brought to so untimelya
close by a fall from his horse at the first Spring
Meeting last year, which was occasioned by this
breaking of a stirrup leather ; his thigh was frac-
tured, which prevents his ever riding another
ner, and obliges him to retire, while yet in.
~ thtl full
_
vigour of his career ; and a plate, entitled who
r
over
There 1" in which a terrier is depicted standing
a dead rabbit at the entrance of its burrotcr; r
life gives us a brief and interesting sketchofsoh and
performances of poor Robinson ; and
sofa me pretty
verses on " Who's There e
with
th
sporting intelligence, and continued u monthly
stories, com-
plete the number.

Miscellaneous.—One of the engravings in the
Farmers' Magazine represents a patent machine
for picking up stones, recently, invented by Mr.
Foster of New York. It is calculated to clear off
stones from seven to ten acres of land per day,
labourer.nin-
continued.—The
which makes a saving of about 200 per cent,
over
hand labour. The other plate is of a short-horned
ssa mofern4eirssoinf at
bull, the property of Mr. Thomas Crisp- One of
the most important subjects treated of in this n
farmdeGrafigny, by
mofadathmee
Lando
iesa,greoi agricultural
eboillogtarailipshtyaily
miss
parcioe
and
ber is the accommodation
articles by
Frances
11
ia
r Brown,Co u n t e
well-known write
burgh Journal writers,.—Chambers' Bdin-
presents us with
and hi
accounts of scientific several instructive
novel is commenced storical subjects.---A
loopern the British Journal by Mrs.
Jane
is continued. —Number and
N i
"Harry Coverdale's Courtship"
Inci-
dents describes umber ten of South African Inci-
bush-fighting. The plates of Le
Follet are
amusng.
very elegant, and the general contents
i

ELECTION INTELLIGENCE.

CARLISLE.

CARLISLE, SATURDAY.—The election has gone off with
the form of a contest, but with none of its spirit. Mr.
Sturgeon, the barrister, from London, was put in nomi-
nation, but did not demand a poll, and the threatened
opposition lapsed into a friendly interchange of compli-
ments and civilities. After the right hon. baronet,
the First Lord of the Treasury, had been proposed,
seconded, and declared duly elected, he proceeded to
address his constituents.

Sir JAMB GRAHAM was received with enthusiastic
cheers on removing his hat, preparatory to addressing
his constituency. When silence was obtained, he said
—I delayed some time to address you, because I was
uncertain whether or not a second candidate had been
nominated. I understand from the Mayor that Mr.
Sturgeon has has been put in nomination. Your good
humour, I am aware, is inexhaustible. When I last
addressed you, in July, you remained patient under a
broiling sun on one of the hottest days I ever knew.
To-day it is my duty to address you on one of the
shortest, as well as one of the wettest, days I ever
saw. Let us congratulate ourselves, first of all, on our
safety. Lord Derby's Governmeat has been overthrown
—(loud cheers)—but the Garden of Eden blooms with
yellow flowers as bright as ever, and I can assure Mr.
Sturgeon, that in mind and body I am exactly the same
as when you returned me in July last (Cheers.) Lord
Derby's Government is overthrown ; but the deluge is
not come. (Laughter.) The fountains of the great deep
are not broken up—we are not allswept away ; and yet
where is Mr. Perring? (Cheers.) Where is my pro-
poser, and where is the gentleman who seconded me on
the last occasion ? I rely on my old friends, Mr. Dixon
and Mr. Irving. They have not shrunk from support-
ing me. (Cheers.) They would have proposed and
seconded me on the last occasion, but Mr. Perring and
Mr. Hough, from that side of the hustings, proposed me.
They desert me to-day, and, not only do they desert me,
but, having proposed and having seconded me, they pre-
sented a petition to the House of Commons, declaring that
I, who was the fittest person in their opinion to represent
Carlisle, had been guilty, in the last election, of almost
every crime that can be assigned to any candidate—that
I had been guilty of bribery—that I had been guilty of
treating—that I had been guilty of fraud—that I had
been guilty of intimidation ; in a word, that I had been
guilty of every possible crime of which a representative
can be guilty. (Derisive cheers.) It is necessary to
nter into recognizances when charges of this kind are
preferred ; and, in the midst of prosperity, arising from
free trade, who, think you, was their surety ? Why,
Mr. Cowen, a most prosperous manufacturer—prosper-
ing from that free trade I have laboured much to estab-
lish. (Cheers.) He was called upon to enter into re-
cognizances of 1,0001., as surety to me, if by chance these
allegations should turn-out to be frivolous and vexatious ;
and yet, notwithstanding his wealth, Mr. Cowen's re-
cognizance was imperfect, and the petition fell to the
ground. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) I ask you again,
gentlemen, to place in me that confidence which so
lately you expressed, by a large majority, your willing-
ness to repose. Mr. Dixon has reminded you that
it has been said, on high authority, that Carlisle is
a Radical constituency ; and I, fresh from the conta-
gious atmosphere of Downing-street, fresh from the
Royal presence, bring with me a clean bill of health.
Lord Derby says, Carlisle being a radical constituency,
I am a very good person to represent it. I rejoice in
that certificate—(loud cheers)—and am glad to present
it to you. Something has been said upon the merits of
Mr. Cobden, with reference to the repeal of the corn
laws. I cordially subscribe to what fell from Mr. Peter
Dixon on that subject, and my lamented chief, the late
Sir Robert Peel, when he was at the head of the Govern-
ment, and able to carry that great and important mea-
sure, frankly acknowledged that great merit, if not the
highest merit, was due to Mr. Cobden. (Cheers.) It
is charged by Lord Derby against me, that I called Mr.
Bright my honourable friend. Am I ashamed of
having so called him ? Far from it. (Cheers.) I
admit that in my opinion, without the Corn-law League
at the present moment the corn laws would not have
been repealed. (Hear, hear.) And with such weather
as this, wheat having risen to such anlamount with open
ports, let me ask you, the population before me, what
would have been the price of bread but for those efforts
and the triumphant carrying of that measure ? I
understand the honourable gentleman (Mr. Sturgeon) to
say, in his address, that I am a Tory in disguise. Well,
gentlemen, if I am a Tory, I am certainly very ill-placed
in the present councils of her Majesty, for I have been
instrumental in overthrowing a Tory Government. I
am charged with being a conspirator for having done so,
and I do not deny I did think Lord Derby's Govern-
ment unworthy the confidence of Parliament and the
nation. (Loud cheers.) I avowed my opposition to it.
I avowed it in the face of day. I avowed it when I
presented myself here, and I told you I would give
effect to that opinion in my place in Parliament when I
thought the proper opportunity had arrived. (Renewed
cheers.) I beg leave to say, I was most anxious that
the boasted financial measures which were trumpeted
forth with so much promise and in such grandiloquent
language should be brought to the test, and that we
might see those measures of taxation which should give
relief to every class that was suffering, and at the same
time bestow universal contentment and satisfaction on
the people. (Hear, hear.) I was against the dissolu-
tion of the Government until we saw those measures, and
I had at last the satisfaction of seeing them introduced.
What were they ? It was a plan, under cover of protec-
tion being renounced, and all claim on the part of the
landlords for compensation, as it is termed, for local
burdens, being rejected—it was a plan, by the partial re-
peal of the malt and hop tax, to give a premium on the
increased consumption of their produce, and as I think,
coupled with other proposals, at the expense of the com-
munity. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) Whatever may be
your taste—and I believe here, at all events, on the
border, you like whiskey quite as well as ale— (a laugh.)
—when we consider the brewer's ale, into the composi-
tion of which malt and hops do not enter very largely, I
am satisfied the repeal of half the malt tax and half the
hop tax would not reduce the price of a quart of ale to
any man I see before me by the amount of one farthing.
(Hear, hear.) On the other hand, what was proposed to
be done ? It was proposed to impose a double house tax,
to add a hundred per cent. to the existing tax on houses,
and with reference to the income tax, to bring it down
from 1501. to incomes of 1001., and even, under certain
circumstances, to incomes of 501. a year. There is a par-
ticular class of small incomes, just above that of the skilled
artisan, enjoyed by persons who have risen to a station
just above that of a labourer, on whom the imposition
of a double house tax would have operated with peculiar
hardship, and, entertaining this opinion, I did not hesi-
tate to vote against the proposition of Lord Derby's
Government, and I voted with the majority of the
House of Commons. (Loud cheers.) The effect of that
vote was that Lord Derby retired from power, and it
was committed to a friend of mine, the Earl of Aber-
deen, to form a Government, and he has succeeded in
bringing together in his administration some of the most
distinguished men who have taken a part iu
publi
c-
affairs for the last five and twenty or thirty years.
(Cheers.) My friend, Mr. Dixon, in mentioning my
former services, has alluded to the post which I occu-
pied in the administration
of
pleasure and my pride in the Earl G rpey, and it is my
present Cabinet again to be
associated with three of my colleagues in Lord Grey's
Government, who, with me, were the authors of the
Reform Act, namely, my Lord Lansdowne, my Lord
John Russell, and my Lord Palmerston. (Cheers.) Now,
gentlemen, we have heard something of Purity of elec-
tion. I perceive you are all aware great di l
beeremade in Parliament with reference t to
osutirDeserhabyv,e
mode of carrying on elections. (Laughteor. the
heard of Mr. Flewker, you have heard of AT/. Fro have
I have a document here (producing the re. rtewlof and
e report of the
Derby Committe) of which I mean to make al):
present to my friend Mr. Steel (the editor of the Carlisle
Journal). I do it in the face of you all. This is not
bribery, and cannot be considered as such, but I recom-
mend this document to his notice. He may treat it as
a twelfth cake, giving slices among you from time to
time. (Laughter.) They will edify and amuse you too.
It may be asked, what does this document contain ? It
contains a vast variety of letters from Mr. Beresford, a
member of the late Government, to Mr. Flewker and to
Mr. Frail, and there is one most curious document, a
letter from Mr. Frail, from the King's Arms, Carlisle,
taring the signature of "William Nixson
and by his evidence he states he was sent
tQrvial to Carlisle by Mr. Holmes ; that he was on
ejectsol,°f: intimacy with all the managers of the
l'acyrn tr,°l Mr• Hodgson in 1848 ; that he was
the
Frail,professional men by the name of
the con:.,narne, but to all other persons attend_
gOia. Frail
Passed under the name of Nix-
Carlisle election:, 4,1114' been here repeatedly at the
trresford to Frail at the
we
at have a letter from Major Be-
waungrerhY man'
with
immediately, ande:il7grelFtion, saying a safe and
man, butt was to send such a Could not go himself he
and quickness, was
other
elections Chester.
bury; he was to put on his cardc't
" coming from Shrews-
caasTrsir:
Mr. Frail appeared as Nixon ati
as Mason, at other elections as Johns
feigned names ; and sometimes the "—alwaYa under
es sub-agents
employed

were recommended to come in green spectacles and a
wig, so that in their intimate relations with the party
they might not be known. (Laughter.) Now I should
be sorry to speak in terms wanting in courtesy and
respect of a candidate nominated by the electors of Car-
lisle, but I must say, looking at the address of the hon.
gentleman, I am somewhat at a loss to know by whom
he is introduced—whether he is that gentleman of judg-
ment and quickness who was wanted at Derby. (Laugh-
ter.) I am at a loss to know what are his relations with
the city of Carlisle, and what are his relations with
those particular parties who have hitherto contested
elections in this city. (Hear, hear.) I am sure the hon.
gentleman will give us some satisfactory information on
the subject, (Hear, hear.) I would not for one moment
wish to detain you with any needless speculations on
the propositions on which he calls on you to give him
your support. I suppose there are errors in the press,
but I hold in my hand an address which certainly will
not bear the education test without betraying some cu-
rious spelling. Thus I find " coalition" spelt with an
s " and without a " t "—(laughter)—and " principle"
spelt " pal." (Renewed laughter.) Remitting the test
of education, let us try the substance of this address
rather than its orthography. The honourable gentleman
relies on what he calls manhood suffrage, and I presume
from other allusions in this address, he appears here in
favour of the five points of the charter. Let us consider
what manhood suffrage is. Manhood suffrage will admit
to the right of voting in this country every adult pauper
receiving parish relief. He will come up to the poll
under the direction of the keeper of the workhouse.
(Hear, hear.) Manhood suffrage will admit to the poll
every servant of the Government, every Custom-house
officer, every Excise officer, every man immediately in
the pay and under the influence of Government ; and, in
later times, will also admit that favoured class proposed
by Mr. Walpole to be admitted to the suffrage in pre-
ference to all others, the militiamen—(laughter)—and
we shall have the militiamen marching up under the
drum-major and the influence of martial law. (Hear.)
I cannot say that I am in favour of manhood suffrage ;
but I do say this—and it is what Mr. Fox said, I think,
nearly forty years ago—" That that, in my opinion, is
the best suffrage which admits the largest number of
the people to the exercise of the franchise who are en-
dowed with intelligence sufficient to make a free choice,
and with independence of station, earned by their own
thrift, sufficient to vindicate the independence of that
choice when they shall have made it with intelligence."
I have no hesitation in repeating what I have said on
these hustings, that, considering the growing intelligence
of the people, considering the growing wealth from the
happy change in the law, already effected, giving the in-
dustrious classes a greater command of the necessaries of
life, I think the time has arrived when, with safety to
our institutions, the franchise in this country may be
considerably extended. (Protracted applause.) The
next point is the point of the ballot. I will not flinch
from any one point. (Cheers.) It would be unmanly
if I did so, and the weather being rather brighter you
will excuse me for trespassing on your patience. Now,
we will talk of the ballot. (Hear, hear.) There is no
man who views with more disgust than I do the intimi-
dation, the bribery, the corrupt practices which have
prevailed, and which did prevail at the last general
election in this country. (Cheers.) I think it is cruel,
when men have privileges which they ought to exercise
freely and independently, for either landlords or em-
ployers to intimidate by threats, or to hold out the fear
that if they do not vote in a particular way they will lose
either their farms or their customers. (Hear, hear.) I
say it is unworthy this country that free men should be
exposed to what I hold to be such tyranny and such op-
pression- (cheers)—and I for one am willing to enter-
tain any question which shall alter such oppression, and
put an end to such intimidation. (Renewed cheers.)
But I tell you frankly that I cannot satisfy myself that
the ballot will be an effectual remedy for this purpose.
If the ballot is to be made effectual, the right of voting
must be by law made universally secret. I say you can-
not enact such secrecy in this country, and if you do not,
then the ballot is flagrantly ineffectual. If a landlord
desires to control the vote of his tenant, and it is op-
tional whether the vote shall be given in secret or
openly, the landlord says :—" I insist on your giving
an open vote. If you give a secret vote, I shall pre-
sume you give it against my wishes, and shall act
accordingly." So also the customer says " I insist on
your giving an open vote. If you do not, I shall not
only suspect, but be satisfied you have voted against
my wishes." I say, therefore, the ballot is useless, un-
less secret voting is compulsory, and secret voting can-
not be made compulsory, because you cannot prevent
men exercising the right of voting openly if they so
think fit. (Hear, hear.) Then, also, with regard to the
effect of the ballot on bribery, I believe, if you have the
ballot in all small constituencies, you will have Mr.
Flewkers and Mr. Frails—men with quickness and
judgment—sent down by the Carlton Club to deal whole-
sale with parties possessing local influence, on the prin-
ciple of " No return, no pay!" Small constituencies
will then be bought wholesale, and, as I believe, at a
lower price than they are bought now. (Hear, hear,
and cheers.) I say, therefore, looking at this matter de-
liberately, while I am quite ready to entertain any pro-
position which shall give to voters greater security for
the free exercise of the franchise, as at present advised,
I cannot satisfy myself that the ballot is effectual for
that purpose. (Hear.) It is easy to talk of manhood
suffrage—it is easy to talk of the ballot as a blessing
on the people on whom it is conferred ; but let me
entreat you to remember well, with all the imper-
fections in our system, the freedom and the bless-
ings you enjoy. (Loud cheers.) In Europe, you are
the only people who really enjoy perfect freedom of
speech, perfect freedom of action, and a control over the
servants of the Crown—a control which you are exercis-
ing this day in my person. (Cheers.) You enjoy the
utmost liberty which man can desire, namely, the liberty
of doing everything short of doing that which is injurious
to your neighbour ; and although I admit there are im-
perfections, great imperfections, which require to be re
medied, let me exhort you to think twice before you
support manhood suffrage. (Hear, hear, and cheers.)
Look abroad. There is Italy—a garrison of foreign
troops. There is Germany. Since 1848, everything
like representative institutions has been put down, and
that mighty country is a camp of hostile armies. Above
all, look at France, once the seat of representative go-
vernment, and distinguished for its success in the arts,
in science, in literature, and in almost all the accomp-
lishments which adorn mankind. Universal suffrage
and the ballot have been established there ; and look !
where are the liberties of nearly 40,000,000 of men ? One
single man is victor over their liberties, and all their
rights and privileges are prostrate in the dust. (Loud
and prolonged applause.) I scorn to deceive you.
I am favourable to the extension of the suffrage,
and-I am favourable to the protection of the voter
by every means consistent with that open manly con-
duct which is the characteristic of Englishmen, and there
is nothing that I will not do, in concert with my col-
leagues, to give effect to that opinion ; but I am not
prepared to vote for universal suffrage and the ballot.
(Cheers.) One of the five points of the Charter is, I be-
lieve, the abolition of the qualification of members. I
have no particular fancy for requiring a property quali-
fication. In Scotland there is no such qualification. I
believe it is now a mere fiction of law, and any man can
obtain it by payment of 50/. ; but I do not see why
members should be exposed to that fine, and I have no
fancy for property qualifications. (Hear, hear.) Then
comes the fourth point— the payment of members.
There are no Sturgeons in Carlisle. (Laughter.) Let
us laugh together. Let us converse with perfect good
humour. There is, it seems, no Sturgeon in Carlisle ;
for, as I understand, you have had to get one down from
Abingdon-street, Westminster. (A laugh.) All I say
is, "Don't pay your Sturgeon." (Cheers.) I advise
you against bringing down gentlemen from London, es-
pecially not well knowing who they are, and sending
them back as members, with the payment of the
electors of Carlisle. (Cheers.) I do not know
Whether there is any other point to which I have
not adverted. [Mr. Sturgeon—Annual Parliaments.]
gentleman
Parliaments ? On this point, the honourable
Cartwright y s
and eems to be a disciple of the school of Major
(A laugh.) I remember Sheridan-- a
askedwitt ifh.e
was
in
fa-7,anAtr tehfemSotareffofrredqueleenctt iaopnp,eawlshetno
t cr.constituents,stoe stood
replied
iT: Julys loften as need be." (Laugh-
rived, and after sitting fort asotmojntahnsuairYn thheasneownlypaarr:
lbiaarmeleynte,lahpesreedl,
butam aitciasndidawt
" peculiara as oeftaegnatai again.
needs Six
bmonthsbe,"
(e hheaevres
and laughter.) Is this
about
tt
taottaaklle.
(Hear, hear.) The new Governmenntmaree
the sense—sometimes the appeal is to thearneonsense. (A
ppeaHlifna;ttos
ts of the
laugh.) I appeal to the sense, and they
the sense of a very large portion of the constiat
largest towns in England. Think of the numberuen
vacated. Leeds is vacated, Nottingham is vacated,
is vacated, Wolverhampton is vacated. My friend,
Charles Villiers, who was a leading man in the Anti-Corn-
.
law League, is, I am happy to say, now my colleague
Cheers.) Gloucester is vacated, Oxford is vacated,
Carlisle is vacated, Brighton is vacated, Southwark is
vacated. Sir William Molesworth—who, in passing,
let me say, is my colleague in the Cabinet—differs from
me in respect to the ballot ; he has always supported the
ballot, and with the consent of his colleagues, and of

Lord Aberdeen at the head of the Government, it is
open to him, and he has stipulated to vote for the ballot.
(Cheers.) The City of London is vacated. What do
you want ? The Government will in the next week
take the opinion of a million or a million and a half of
the electors of this country. (Hear, hear.) I will say
more. It is not necessary that Parliament should always
last for six or seven years. I can very well understand
how it is very possible I may appear on these hustings
again before another year shall have passed ; and if
I do, you will not only have had annual Parlia-
ments, but you will have had more frequent Parlia-
ments still. (Loud cheers.) Whenever I may have to
appear before you, I shall not be afraid. (Cheers.) It is
said, Radicals are destructives. Is that a true charge ?
(Cries of "No.") If you are a Radical constituency, lam
sure you are not a destructive one. (Cheers.) Now, I
will try it. Was the repeal of the Test and Corporation
Act a. destructive measure ? Has the admission of the
Dissenters to corporate power proved destructive ? I
think far otherwise. (Hear, hear.) Has corporation
reform proved destructive ? Is the police in this city
worse than it was under the old corporation ? Is the law
enforced with less certainty than heretofore ? Is the
community less happy, less contented, less orderly ? I
think far otherwise. (Cheers.) Has the effect of the
repeal of the corn laws been destructive ? (Loud cheers.)
Ah, there was a morning—the 10th of April, 1848—
when all constituted authorities in Europe trembled,
when Crowns had fallen, when Ministers throughout
Europe were flying for safety, and Kings were hiding
their heads in shame. There was a Sovereign who did re-
joice that in time there had been a reform in Parliament,
that in time the corn laws were repealed ; and on the
10th of April, when others were afraid, Victoria rejoiced
in the loyalty of her people—(vehement and prolonged
applause.) Order, security, the rights of property,
triumphed, and I know not where were the destruc-
tructives. They met on Kennington-common— (laughter)
—under a leader towards whom I will use no harsh ex-
pression, because he is now unfortunate. They appeared
on Kennington-common—a handful of men. The popu-
lace of London, in millions, determined to maintain the
cause of order and our domestic institutions. (Enthusi-
astic cheers.) I know not whether there is any other
point on which it is necessary to address you. I have
detained you perhaps too long. (No, no.) But I will
say this, that I am associated with a Government that,
I am confident, is resolved to proceed with reforms with
a powerful and a fixed purpose. Talk of law reform—
the Government of Lord Derby has strutted in borrowed
plumes. (Cheers.) Who were the persons who pre-
pared the measures passed by the late Government.
They were recommended by a commission, and there sat
at the head of that commission Sir John Romilly, the
Master of the Rolls, son of a man whose memory must
be ever dear to the hearts of Englishmen—the late Sir
Samuel Romilly. I remember the unrivalled eloquence,
the manly firmness, the extraordinary self-possession
with which that great man, wise before the light shone
on the whole generation, contended for the mitigation of
our criminal code. (Hear, and cheers.) Men were
hung in numbers for forgery; for sheep stealing, for com-
paratively venial crimes. Sir Samuel Romilly contended
that the sanguinary character of our criminal code should
be reformed. He contended for a reform of the Court of
Chancery, and the abolition of its delays and extraordi-
nary expense. He contended that justice should be
brought nearer home, that county courts should be esta-
blished, that all the chicanery of the common Law should
be put an end to. He was called destructive in his day ;
but I have lived to see all the measures for which he con-
tended, and for advocating which he was denounced as a
destructive, carried out with infinite benefit and satisfac-
tion to the British people. (Loud cheers.) Another mem-
ber of that commission was Sir George Turner, who has
already been appointed by the present Government to one
of the highest judicial offices in England. Another mem-
ber of that commission was Sir W. P. Wood, who was Soli-
citor-General in Lord J. Russell's Government. Who
served with these men ? Mr. Henley, a member of the
last Government, but I also, who have the honour of
addressing you. (Cheers,) We shall not stand still.
The Court of Chancery has been reformed. The com-
mon law has been simplified. We must go on with the
Ecclesiastical Courts. (Loud cheers.) Such abuses as
that of Mr. Moore, the son of an archbishop, enjoying
7,0001. a-year sinecure, with the reversion to the grand-
son of an archbishop, must be put an end to. (Cheers.)
With regard to Parliamentary Reform, I am associated
with the three surviving members of Lord Grey's
Cabinet, who introduced the measure of 1832. Lord
John Russell and I have both declared that a revision of
that act is necessary ; and I would submit to you that
it is not by returning some gentleman unknown to you,
however respectable he may be, but by returning a man
long known to you, and associated in the Government
which has the power of giving effect to your wishes,
that you Will have the best chance of obtaining the re-
forms which you desire. There is only one other point
on which I wish to address you. I have said that lam
of opinion that the franchise may be extended. In order
that it may be safely extended, I think education
should be spread as widely as possible among the entire
body of the community. (Hear.) I look upon religion
as an essential element in education ; but, according to
the view which I take, I think that particular element
ought not to be under the direction of ministers of the
Established Church only, but that all the different sects
should have a fair opportunity, in their respective
schools, of teaching that form of religion which they
believe to be the best. (Cheers.) I will not go further.
I haye now brought to a close the observations I thought
necessary to make. I have not courted undue popu-
larity at your hands by concealing one sentiment I en
tertain. I have not deceived you on any point, and if
any further explanations are asked, I shall answer
frankly, and to the best of my judgment and ability.
(Cheers.) The right honourable baronet then concluded
his address, amidst the prolonged and hearty applause
of the electors.

The proceedings terminated with the customary vote
of thanks to the returning officer.

MORPETH.

The election for the vacant seat caused by Captain
Howard accepting the Chiltern Hundreds, took place in
the Town Hall iu this borough on Saturday, and there
was a large attendance of liberals from all parts of the
county. Sir George Grey entered the hall with his
eldest son, and was loudly cheered.
Mr. FENWIC proposed Sir George Grey. '
Mr. HOOD seconded the nomination.

No other candidate being proposed, the Mayor took
a show of hands, when he declared that the choice of
the electors had unanimously fallen on Sir George Grey,
as their representative in Parliament. The announce-
ment was received with loud cheers.

Sir GEORGE GREY then returned thanks, and said
that he hoped to give to the Government a hearty, cor-
dial, and independent support. (Loud and long-con-
tinued cheering.) They might be safely entrusted with
the guardianship of that policy of which they had been
the able, distinguished, and consistent advocates—
(applause)—and the House of Commons would not be
looking to them for a pledge of their adherence to that
policy, for their past conduct, their public professions,
and the sacrifices many of them have made in that cause
were the best tests of their sincerity and determination
to adhere to it. (Cheers.)

A vote of thanks to, and three cheers for, the Mayor
closed the proceedings.

E vacancyß T F O R
createdD .
in the The election for then
represen-
tation of this borough by the late member, the Hon. W.
F. Cowper, having accepted office under the Aberdeen
administration as one of the Lords of the Admiralty,
took place on Saturday. Mr. Pollard proposed and Mr.
J. J. Gripper seconded the nomination of the Hon. Mr.
Cowper.
The MAYOR then put the question in the usual form,
whether any other candidate was to be proposed, and no
one coming forward to propose a second candidate, he
declared the Hon. William Francis Cowper duly elected
to serve in parliament as representative for the borough
of Hertford. (Cheers.)
The Hon. Mr. COWPER addressed the electors, and
the procedings terminated with the customary vote of
thanks to the Mayor.