The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-22 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1853.

A warlike struggle having actually commenced
between the forces of the SULTAN and those of the
Auroener—the anxiety must naturally enough
now be as to whether the circle of hostilities will
spread wider and wider until it embraces first one
and then another of the powerful and energetic
races of Christendom. It cannot but be reason-
ably anticipated that, like the expanding ring
formed by the dropping of a stone in water, the
struggle which has at length startled Europe from
its " propriety" will extend gradually, perhaps
rapidly, to the north, and to the south, and to
the east, and to the west, until it involves the
whole of the surrounding countries in the blaze of
the long-since ignited and now quickly-spreading
conflagration. It cannot but be expected that
the Sabbat Dance of War—the true Dance of
Death—will display now as of old its irresistibly
contagious influence, stinging even the most
sluggish and phlegmatic of the Powers into
activity, as with the poison of a political taran-
tula. The example set by Russia and Turkey
must necessarily be emulated by the surrounding
communities of the various principalities de-
Pendent, more or less, upon one or other of the
belligerent Governments. As to the ultimate in-
volvement of France and England in the conten-
tion, that appears to be ultimately inevitable, now
that the combined fleets have passed the Bos-
phorus as well as the Dardanelles. What we are
alluding to, therefore, in the foregoing observation,
is not so much the
prospect of the more consider-
able Powers of the Eastern hemisphere being drawn
one by one into the quarrel now being
settled by force of arms, as to the probability,
or rather the absolute and
already manifest
certainty, of the lesser states immediately conti-
guous to the scene of warfare
being dragged into
the contention. Several have even
tured upon a participation with the Turks in the
perils and glories of the campaign. The
~,yptialls
have furnished their contingent to their _ liege
Suzerain. The Druses have promised to send
3,000 men from the Lebanon. A similar rein-
forcement has been assured to the Srarkw's
army by the Maronites. The Servians appear,
it is true, to hesitate as to the course to he
pursued by them under existing circumstances,
precisely as the Montenegrins seem to await
from Vienna the signal of the direction
of their policy in regard to their old antagonists,
the Mussulmen. Meanwhile, bloodshed has
stained the soil of Wallachia at Oltenitza ; and,
supposing an equal success follow the arms of
the SULTAN at Braila and Kalafat, it may not be
long before the war shall have been driven
home to the Moldavians. This, in spite

of the concentration of the forces of GOETZ_
CHAKOFF, and in defiance of the advancing
reinforcements of OSTEN-SACHEM. Under any
circumstance, the fear of the excitement must
spread not only northward from Roumelia, to
Bulgaria, and thence to Wallachia and on to Mol-
davia, as before intimated, and as already ap-
parent, but westwards (supposing even it passes
by the Servians, Montenegrins, and Albanians,)
to Bosnia, Croatia, and Herzegovina. Beyond the
Austrian frontiers, moreover, how ripe for a
gigantic outbreak are the patriotic bands in
the fastnesses of Banat, Sclavonia, and Tran-
sylvania! Still further, stretching onwards
to the foot of the Carpathian Mountains,
are there not all the combustible material
for insurrection stored up by the hearths
and in the hearts of the Hungarians ? Again,
across the Russian boundaries, may we not readily
detect upon the instant the prolific germs of a
wide-spread revolution ? All along the Caucasus,
for example, and among the hills and valleys of
Circassia ! Nay, for the most part throughout
the numerous provinces annexed from time to
time by a series of daring robberies to the enor-
mous dominions of the Russian AUTOCRAT !

Let it not be forgotten how recent
are those lawless annexations of territory to
Russia—by which the empire of PETER the GREAT
has been extended gradually round one half of
the Black Sea, until it has become little else than
a Russian lake, just as France once dreamt of
making a French lake out of the Mediterranean.
It was only in 1783 that Russia seized upon the
Crimea, in 1812 Bessarabia, in 1802,Mingrelia,
in 1814 Georgia, in 1803 Ganja, in 1805 Kara-
bagh, in 1806 Shirvan, and so on from spot to
spot by a series of monstrous spoliations. Suffi-
cient time has not elapsed to allow these different
and fragmentary conquests to become firmly com-
pacted together. Wherefore, the countries bor-
dering on the Black Sea and nominally the pos-
sessions of the AUTOCRAT are ready to hurl away
the yoke under which they have latterly
groaned at the first available opportunity.
They are eager for the signal for revolt ; and
that signal— is it not already audible ? Will
not recruits arrive among the forces of the SULTAN
from other quarters than from Trebizond and
Anatoli ? Nothing further, indeed, is re-
quired to effect the extraordinary changes
here hinted at, but the energetic assistance
of the Porte by its two great Western allies
—an assistance that France is eager to grant,
but from the glory of yielding which assistance
England has hitherto been debarred by the evil
influence of a timorous and vacillating Adminis-
tration.

We recently stated that if the question at issue
between the masters and the operatives in the
manufacturing districts were merely one of wages,
the parties might be suffered "to fight it out
among themselves." We should have added a
proviso—that the increase of wages did not lead
to a diminution of production in an inverse ratio,
and that the enhanced earnings were judiciously
applied in advancing the comforts of families
rather than in promoting drunkenness and profli-
gacy. If the parties were freed from the demoral-
ising influences of the agitators—if they could not
be seduced into public-houses or beer-shopstolisten
to inflammatory harangues—if they were inspired
with the conviction that they were imperatively
bound to strain every nerve, to make use of the
most energetic exertions to enable their committee-
men and delegates " to rule the destinies of trade,"
the present demands might possibly be submitted
to. The additional cost of production would un-
questionably cause the great body of manufac-
turers to enter on the " free and unrestricted
competition" to which they are subjected under
great disadvantages. Like the additional weight
imposed on the swift and lasting race-
horse, it would neutralise the superiority
which had been severely tested on many
former occasions, and transfer the prizes to
others of inferior pretensions. There might,
however, be some chance of still retaining a por-
tion of our foreign trade. The energy, the skill,
but above all, the additional monetary power or ca-
pital of British manufacturers might enable them
at least to maintain a forward position in the im-
portant and interesting contest. But the other
matters would completely paralyse their efforts.
Experience teaches us that additional wages to the
working classes are in too many instances synony-
mous with additional idleness and additional drun-
kenness to the bread winners, and diminished
comforts to their families. We have seen the re-
sult of the temporary victory achieved by the col-
liers, when they compelled the mine-owners to pay
the same wages for four hours' work that had
previously been given for eight hours, when, prac-
tically, the value of that species of labour was
doubled in the coal-producing districts, the
families of the colliers did not reap any
practical benefit from the change. Larger
sums were not drawn from the proprietors. No,
the change to them was only discernible in the
diminished produce of their mines—in the smaller
quantity to meet the general demand. The men
who had previously worked eight hours in the
day—no very severe strain upon their muscular
power—afterwards worked only four hours, while
their families were not even as well off as they
had previously been, for, although equal amounts
were drawn from the pay clerks, the bill for
liquor was
greatly increased, and constituted
additional demands on the earnings. The four
hours of additional leisure were not harmlessly
or inexpensively
passed. The public-house, or
the skittle-ground, absorbed
of the extra time,whilet a h
e considerabledemandffor
portion
r excise-
able e
able liquids was materially increased. The thirsty
revellers did not listen to the exhortations of tee-
totallers, or baulk their inclinations for a " few
extra glasses." They did not practise conviviality
" sitting round a pump." That was certainly
not " the tap" from whence their inspiration
was drawn, or which produced the pugnacity
that led to the cartoon in our facetious
contemporary Punch, "Has thee foughten Bill."
It is almost unnecessary to say that they were
not moderate in their potations, but drank deeply
of the " Pierian spring" honoured by their patron-
age, and that, as a natural consequence, they
incapable of labouring effi_
were not unfrequently
ciently during the brief periods set aside for that
purpose. Every housekeeper glancing at the coal
merchants' bills, and at the scantily-supplied
grate, can testify as to the results to society, in
general, of the successful movement among
the " black diamonds." Coals, however, can-
not be altogether done without, nor can
the supply be drawn from other nations,
Not so, however, with manufactured goods, more
especially calicoes, the staple productions of the
" Duchy of Lancaster." There are many rivals
already following closely in " our wake," to whom
a trifling change would transfer the palm of vic-
tory. The high price of provisions at the present
moment might induce the operatives to work full
time (if mills were kept open), but when the re-
duction, which we hope will not long be delayed,
comes, a Saint Tuesday would speedily be added
to the " Saint Monday," and " demi-Saint
Saturday," and the addition of ten per cent. to
wagee might, and probably would, lead to 20 per
n
t• diminution in production, and an actual
falling
off of more than ten per cent. in the
earnings.
leisure time would be t
We learn, too, o
bhe beestauthrit
spent.
authority, howGE theoRGE
who, with an affectation COWELL, the acknowledged
til:doefrmoefdtehste
y, malcon-
tentsa
clap-
trap intended to catch the palaeudits of the gaping j
audience, and to let them e
fellow he thought himself, " what a very fine
wondered what such a
poor awkward fellow was to do before a London
audience !" tells us, without disguise or conceal-.
ment, that " British artisans will sing in pubtk,
houses and ferry-shops that Britons never shall be

slaves !" Now, this may be a very pleasing oc-
cupation to the melodists, but we venture to
doubt if it will be a very profitable one to their
families, or if the practical refutation of the senti-
ment, by their being the unreasoning and obe-
dient serfs of the COWELLS, and SWINGLEHURSTS,
and Hams and MAITDSLAYS, et hoc genus, will
not deprive British manufacturers of the only
remaining advantage they possess, the facility
for obtaining monetary accommodation, and
the cheap use of capital. When these are
gone, farewell to the manufacturing supremacy
of. England—farewell to the temporary prosperity
that has induced the hands to turn out for more
than they ever had before. Their passions are
now engaged. Let them, however, examine
the question calmly, and they will speedily per-
ceive that a partial success would be followed by
permanent ruin, and that their worst enemies are
those who have induced them to plunge into the
internecine contest in which they are engaged.

Our Tory contemporaries are endeavouring to
turn the tables on the Liberal party. The strength
of the latter ever since England began to recover
the liberties it lost at the Norman Conquest has
always been in the towns, and very conspicuously
so since the Reform Act of 1832. Very soon
after the passing of that Act it was loudly affirmed
that, what with the division of counties, and the
tenant-at-will voters, the country party had, after
all, got the better in the scramble ; and Lord
JOHN RUSSELL, with characteristic coolness, coupled
with his celebrated finality dogma, the avowal
that he intended in his Bill to give the corn-field
the predominance over the coal-field. He thought
it right and statesman-like to interest the power
of votes to the counties, to neutralise, as he con-
ceived, the activity and intelligence which
nature and habit had conferred on the towns.
We have little doubt that his Lordship's
real opinion was, perhaps is, that town
members should be a kind of political
barristers, pleading their cause before the
landed aristocracy of the kingdom. As he told
Mr. BRIGHT, he is always very happy to hear the
very valuable opinions of such representatives as
the Hon. Member for Manchester on subjects of
commerce ; but when they venture on imperial
questions, why, that is the province of landlord
statesmen ; merchants and manufacturers should
keep to their counting-houses and their mills. It
has just, however, been discovered that Lord
JOHN was quite mistaken ; he has overdone the
towns with members and defrauded the country !
It is shown that electors are fewer in proportion
to the population, and members fewer in propor-
tion to electors, in the country than in the towns.
The process .of calculation is very easy. The
number of inhabitants in the represented towns
and cities is deducted from the total population,
and all the rest set down as belonging to the
country in distinction from the towns. The ab-
surdity of the calculation is apparent as soon as
we open a census list. Our readers can turn to
page 4'T in Mr. EDWARD CHESHIRE'S convenient
shilling pamphlet on the census, and he sees at
once among the B's, Birkenhead 24,285, and
Burnley 20,828 inhabitants, both unrepresented ;
and, glancing over the whole, he finds a host of
unrepresented towns from the size of Arundel
upwards to that of Staley Bridge. If he will
undertake the task of computing the population
of all these, he will find that they are not far
short of a million, and must contain, at a mode-
rate computation, more than fifty thousand voters.
These subtracted from the county electors and added
to the town electors, would make the present number
of town and county electors pretty nearly equal.

But there are other things to be taken into
account. The CHANDOS clause voters in 1843
amounted to nearly 110,000 ; these ought to be
all deducted also. They are in no sense inde-
pendent electors. They do not represent their
own opinions. As Mr. BERKELEY said of them,
in his place in the Rouse of Commons, they are
mere " Buck rabbits," passively transferred from
candidate to candidate at the will of their land-
lords, and as tame as the long-eared gentry under
the process. They are landlords' counters, not
voters, and the number of their landlords is the
true number of the voters. Making this deduction
also, the Borough electors would outnumber those
of the country by about a hundred thousand.
Then, again, the sixty-seven boroughs which
Lord JOHN tried in 1852 to save by making little
counties of them, these are, in fact, nearly all of
them landlord boroughs ; they were preserved as
instruments in the hands of some great neigh-
bouring proprietor, because the authors of the
Reform Bill either would not overlook a Whig
supporter, or had to conciliate some formidable
Tory opponent. It is a favourable sign of the
times that even the great ABERDEEN Journal
acknowledges, we will do it the justice to say
urges, that these boroughs ought to be dealt with
without respect of party, and on some clear and
rigidly applied principle.
Surely, moreover, our Conservative friends do
not forget that we have a House of Lords. A
house of landlords and aristocracy combined. The
country party in reality engrosses the whole of
one branch of the Legislature, and at present is
in a majority of everything but knowledge and
intelligence in another. We suppose the property
qualification is to be given up, and do not, there-
fore, include that in the country party's gain ; but
with the House of Lords as it is, it would surely
be the excess of unfairness to demand that the
number of members returned by towns should be
reduced, or to refuse to make those who are now
but nominally borough members really so.
For ourselves, however, we object to all the
tinkering by which some who call themselves
statesmen, and the majority of party men, en-
deavour to secure a representation of classes, as
they term it—of their party they should say.
If the majority of the people be Tories, why
let us have Tories in office, and let the same
rule decide for a Whig or a Radical Govern-
ment if needs be. Let us take the nation as
it is, and not seek to shape it into a RUSSELL,
a DERBY, or a JOSEPH HuME mould. Make
the representation impartial, and free discus-
sion will do all the rest. The dissatisfaction, ever
liable to arise with the former, is due to the
artificial attempts of Reformers to secure that
electoral numbers shall be on the side of their
favourite maxims of Government. It is a folly
only different in degree from the continental
failures of constitutions made for the people, in-
stead of constitutions which took the people asl
they found them. Now, what do the people
really desire ? Tney wish, first of all, to be gene-
rally represented. They do not like, at least six-
sevenths of them do not, to be wholly passed over,
at every election. They wish next to give their
vote without fear or favour ; to vote indepen-
dently of another's frown or smile. These are
the two substantial wants of the country. The
rightetiireein
vote,pnteoootphleof the
and an independent vote. Grant
these (and the last is first in importance), and we
care nothing the division into town and
country. The politicaltowns
anddistitzetioenountbry wasetween
buried in the grave of Protection. What has
now
about in e
hasith either
either
he rto fight
class
inofpatrhleiaonatehnetr
TWahxaat-
tion is fast approaching to equality, at least to
such equality as it is capable of, and the pri-
vileges of the Landed Aristocracy are passing
with their estates into the hands of the Mercan-
tile Classes, as rapidly as the latter can wish it.
Nothing can save the relics of Feudalism from
gradual absorption by the wealth of the indus-
trious classes, and coming generations will, doubt-
less, see the landed and commercial aristocracies
of the country separated by nothing but their
diverse pursuits and habits. The farm and the
estate are rapidly becoming manufactories, and
the manufactories are swelling to princely mag-
nitude, style, and importance.
'ed too, affords the
fralgne,oaunrdvioewne, twihedne,lyanexetqeunaal and common suf.
most reasonable prospects for perpetuity. Large
constituencies and the ballot—the only plausible
antidote to corruption, and, above all, to intimi-
dation. Grant us these, and divide the new con-
stituencies with any approach to fairness, and
we care but little whether counties or towns get
a few members more or less in the Reform Bill of
1854,

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 22, 1853.

THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.

Our readers are, no doubt, aware that Count
Walewski, the French Ambassador, left London
on Friday for Paris, and so sudden was his depar-
ture, that he was actually obliged to put off a
dinner-party intended to be given by his Excel-
lency on that day.
This matter has occasioned a good deal of con-
versation, and is thus explained in diplomatic
circles.

The Emperor Napoleon has informed the British
Government that it is his intention to send a
military force to Constantinople to aid the Turks,
and has made a proposition to the British Govern-
ment, that England should also send some troops
for the same purpose.
This proposition has given great alarm to Lord
Aberdeen. The British Cabinet have not the
slightest intention of taking such a step, and yet
they cannot permit the French to send a military
force without England doing the same, and they
are, therefore, trying to induce the Emperor to
change his plans. This has created a difficulty
between the two Governments, and hence Count
Walewski's sudden departure for Paris.
Such is the report current amongst those likely
to be well-informed. We give it as it has reached
us, without vouching for its accuracy—upon which
the public must form their own conclusions.—
Morning Herald.

LATEST FO REICI N N E .

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

ANOTHER DEFEAT OF THE RUSSIANS.

The Morning Post publishes in a third edition
to-day the followingimporta,nt telegraphic despatch,
dated

" VIENNA, TUESDAY (THIS DAY).
" A despatch, published in the Austrian Corres-
pondence, announces that General Bariatinsky has
been defeated, and driven back by the Turks, in
Georgia, between Gemni and Altazich."
By telegraph despatch we have advices from the
Bosnian frontier of the sth inst., which state that
the contingent of that province, a corps of about
12,000 men, was preparing to join the Turkish
army. The Prince of Servia had been asked to
allow the corps to march through the Servian ter-
ritories, the shortest route to the position assigned
to the Bosnians in the Turkish lines on the Danube.
As no answer had been given to this demand, the
commander of the Bosnian contingent was pre-
paring to cross the Servian territory without leave.
Letters from the Danubian Principalities state
that an ukase had been published granting permis-
sion to the port of Odessa to continua its commerce
with vessels sailing under neutral flags.
The consuls and agents of Austria and Prussia
in Moldavia have been ordered by their Govern-
ments to remain at their posts.
From Constantinople, Nov. 7th, we learn that
Generals Sadullah Pasha and Sirri Pasha have
been appointed to the army of Asia. They are to
serve under the acting commanders, and to take
their places in case of need.
The Russians are fortifying Odessa on the laud
side.
It is said that the combined fleets of Great
Britain and France have been ordered to come to
Constantinople.
The naval officers of Turkey and France have
met to consult and ascertain whether or not the
Black Sea is navigable in winter. They have come
to the conclusion that the navigation, though diffi.
cult, was not impossible.

A citizen of Aleppo has offered to equip and pay
a corps of 5,000 men. 10,000 muskets are expected
from Egypt.

From Vienna we learn that, according to an
official Russian report, the Turks attacked Fort
Gumri, between Tiflis and Kars, on the 29th and
30th of October, but were repulsed by' General
Prince Bariatynski, with a loss of one thousand
killed and wounded, and several hundred pri-
soners.

The Russians were marching from Krajowa on
Kalafat, where the Turks are being strongly rein-
forced from Widdin.

Rumours innumerable fill the city of Vienna, but
of credible news we have literally none. " The
truth of the report of Bucharest being in flames in
several places," says the Passe, "is still insisted
on, and mention is even made of a terrible battle
in the streets, but when all the circumstances are
taken into consideration we cannot but come to
the conclusion that the advantages gained by the
Turks are neither so very great nor the losses of
the Russians so serious as is generally believed."
The Lloyds of Vienna, of the 18th, says :—" The
Turks are strongly entrenched at Kalafat. The
Russian head-quarters are near Budeschti, and
they receive every day rations for 40,000 men. A
letter from Belgrade states that the reigning prince
of Servia, after having received a despatch from
Omer Paella, soliciting permission for the Turkish
troops to pass through his territory, sent a courier
to St. Petersburg, Constantinople, and Vienna.
It adds that Servian troops were being marched to
the frontier. According to a medical report from
Bucharest, there are ten thousand Russians in the
hospitals of Moldavia and Wallachia. It is certain
that there are 2,000 at Bucharest."

A letter from Bucharest states that the Russian
troops were proceeding towards Little Wallachia.
The Voss Gazette of Berlin quotes a letter from
Vienna of the 16th, stating that, according to the
last despatches received at the British Embassy,
the Turks have advanced from Kalafat to Czorojul,
and menaced Krajova, which had been occupied by
'Russians reinforced by the corps of General Fisch-
bach, whom General Dannenberg had sent there
in great haste. General Dannenberg's bead-quar-
ters are at Slatina. It is asserted that the Turkish
troops have advanced, and that General Fischbach
has received orders to quit Krajova and to retire
upon Slatina to join General Dannenberg, whose
corps now amounts to 18,000 men. It is further
rumoured that the Turks have occupied Krajova
without firing a shot. The retreat of the Russians
is explained by the circumstance that the Turks are
said to have crossed the Danube near Nicopolis,
about half-way between Kalafat and Oltenitza, and
to have marched in the direction of Slatina, in order
to get the Russians between two fires.

The Augsburg Gazette publishes the following
telegraphic despatch, dated Vienna the 17th :
" An official despatch from Bucharest of the 13th
says In consequence of the strategic operations
of Prince Gortschakoff, the Turks, aker having,
without accepting a battle, destroyed their entrench-
ments near Oltenitza, burned the bridge, and en-
tirely evacuated the left bank of the Danube. The
Russians have defeated an attempt of the Turks to
cross the Danube, near Kalarasch, and to occupy
the island near Giurgevo.' " We do not understand
what is meant by an " official despatch." From
what quarter.does it come ? The account that it
gives is directly at variance with the really official
despatch published in the Paris Moniteur, under a
Vienna date, two days later than the Vienna des-
patch of the Cologne Gazette, and it is also incon-
sistent with various statements in other German
journals.
The Cologne Gazette says it is difficult for us to
account for General de Dannenberg having retired.
The motive which induced Omer Pacha to with-
draw from Oltenitza was, it is said, that he had
only 25,000 men to oppose 35,000 Russians, and on
the other hand the waters of the Danube, which
had considerably fallen, had suddenly attained a
great height. The Turks having had time to set
fire to their entrenchments before retiring clearly
shows that they were not closely pressed by the
enemy.
" The Consul of France at Jassy has," says a
Berlin letter, "received orders from his Govern-
ment to leave Moldavia, without however going
too far. It is said that he will go to Lemberg, and
will only leave at Jassy a Chancellor without any
official character. French subjects have been
placedsul.
Au nßduesrs
itahne
fpu protection of t
y was
expected
Prussiant o a
rCn
rio
v e-
to take the Presidency of the Council of Adminis-
tration of the Province, and a palace was being
prepared for his reception."
The Servian journal, Serbi Dnemi, says
Derwisch Pacha has marched towards Grahowo
with 5,000 men and a strong force of artillery, in
order to establish batteries where necessary. Imme-
diately from 2,000 to 3,000 Montenegrins left for
Grahowo and began fortifying the town. It is be
ferred that Derwisch Pacha and his army will be
received with hostilities from the Montenegrins."
The following is the Russian bulletin of the battle
of Oltenitza. It was published at Bucharest by
Prince Gortschakoff as an order of the day on the
6th inst. :

" On the Ist inst. the Turkish troops in considerable
numbers left the camp of Turtukai, and occupied an
island at the mouth of the river Argis. On the following
day they passed over to the left bank of the river, and oc-
cupied the stone building of the quarantine establishment.
On the report made by our advanced posts of Cossacks, I
ordered General Dannenberg to take up a position near
the village of Nutreui Fundoui, and to attack the enemy
from that point. In the afternoon of the 4th he marched
against the enemy, who had had time to entrench them-
selves. The quarantine building, armed with six pieces
of cannon, formed the centre of their position, which
was supported on the left by the river Argis, and their
right on the Danube. The Turks were, besides, pro-
tected by works and palisades. The right flank of
the enemy was also defended by three batteries estab-
lished on the right bank of the Danube, which at this
Place is only 212 toises in width. The left flank was
protected by batteries erected on the island of the
Danube. On our troops reaching within the dis-
tance of cannon-shot, the enemy opened a fire from
all his guns, and even from some mortars on the
right bank. Two of our batteries advanced to within a
distance of 450 toises from the Turkish entrenchments,
and returned their fire with great energy. After an
hour's well supported firing, they were able to approach
within the range of grape. The infantry, protected by the
artillery, advanced rapidly towards the enemy's entrench-
ments, and, in spite of a destructive fire, penetrated even
into the ditches. This bold and sudden attack threw
the enemy's ranks into disorder ; the cavalry took to
flight, and precipitated themselves into the Danube. As
our shells had caused two explosions in the quarantine
building, the Turks hastily withdrew their artillery, and
retired in disorder towards the steep banks of the
river. The troops also retired from their entrench-
ments, and a part of them gained their boats. General
Dannenberg having attained the object he had in view
of preventing the Turks from taking up an advanta-
geous position on the left bank of the Danube, thought
it prudent not to follow up his advantages, fearing that
the losses which would be occasioned by the fire from 40
pieces of cannon posted up on the right bank of the
Danube would not be compensated for by any advan-
tage he might gain. He consequently decided on re-
turning to his former position. The Turks did not at-

tempt to disturb his niovempr!fs •-11; - 1
1,a.c.1 • C.%i 14,40 kJ .1, 116
conduct of our troops was so great, that we were able to
erect a temporary hospital for the wounded, close to the
quarantine building protected by merely a picquet of
cavalry, for the Turks did not attempt to disturb them."
From Constantinople we learn that the celebrated
Fouad Effendi, of Mentschikoff uotor:ety, has just
come into office again. He has been named
" Director of the Chancery of Political Affairs of
the Army of Rumelia." Fouad Effendi, ex-Minister
for Foreign Affairs, is a distinguished individual,
high in the esteem and confidence of the people,
but, unfortunately, at variance with most of the
leading members of the Ministry. Next to the
Seraskier, he is one of the most prominent parti-
sans of war, and as long as he is with Omer Paella,
hard blows will be exchanged with Russia. The
instructions given to Fouad Effendi are to draw up
a new constitution for the Principalities, and re-
lease the divans of the Princes from the thraldom
of Moscovite influence. New elections are to take
place, and liberal institutions will be granted to
Wallachia and Moldavia. By these meatus it is
anticipated that the inhabitants of the Principali-
ties will be induced to join the Turks, and take
up arms against Russia. Fouad Effendi will have
under his orders a numerous personnel of scribes.
The English and French commanders of the di-
visions were invited on the sth to a council on
board of the admiral's ship Mahmoudie, for the
purpose of taking into consideration the practica-
bility of a naval demonstration in the Black Sea.
It is generally supposed it was decided that for six
weeks at least the navigation would not be attended
with danger, if good and trusty pilots were engaged.
A report to this effect was presented to the Sultan
and waits his iracle.

Despatches from the Commander-in-Chief bear
the date of the 27th ult. The Turkish troops had
crossed the Georgian frontier, and had marched to
besiege the strong hold of Ahiska, occupied by
12,000 Russians.

Ten thousand Egyptian troops were expected to
arrive from Alexandria in the course of the month.
The courier system had been newly organised,
so that, to date from the 9th inst., despatches from
both armies will arrive daily in Constantinople.
Russian merchants had been called to the port-
captain's office, and officially informed that vessels
under the Russian flag would be permitted to enter
the Bostchorus and the Dardanelles up to the 20th
November ; beyond that period they would be de-
tained as prizes.
The 1,200 muskets taken from the Russians at
Shewkehl have been sent to Shumla. They are
quite new, and of Liege manufacture.

A Berlin letter of the 18th, in the Cologne
Gazette, says :-- ." A St. Petersburg letter states
that the Czar is suffering from illness. M. de
Mensdorff, the Austrian ambassador at St. Peters-
burg, has, it is said, given in his resignation, be-
cause he is far from approving of the policy of the
Emperor Nicholas. We are assured also that the
intimate ally spoken of by the Russian manifesto is
far from congratulating himself on the friendly
sentiments exchanged at Olmutz and Warsaw."
A letter from Constantinople, of the 7th, states
that the nomination of Fouad Effendi as Imperial
Commissioner to the army of the Danube had pro-
duced a strong, but not an unpleasant, impression.
This may be referred to two causes principally :
first, Fouad Effendi was the Minister of Foreign
Affairs whose dismissal Prince Menschikoff on his
first visit to Constantinople insisted upon with such
brutal arrogance ; and his being now charged with
the important duty of maintaining the connection
between the operations of the army and the
policy of the Porte, proved that the Sultan
was determined not to abandon the line of policy
he has adopted ; and secondly, Fouad Effendi
being the old and intimate friend of Omer Pasha,
it was not considered as probable that any
misunderstanding would arise between them. The
appointment of General Baraguay d'Hilliers as the
successor of M. de la Cour was not known at Con-
stantinople at the date of the letter. The rumour
very generally prevailed of a new project for the
settlement of the quarrel with Russia. The Aus-
trian Ambassador had received on the morning of
the 7th despatches by an extraordinary courier,
which were believed to be of considerable import-
ance. Immediately after M. de Bruck sent his
:first dragoman to Redschid Pasha, with whom he
was to have a conference in the course of the day.
No military operation of any importance had taken
place in Asia since the affair of Shefkatil. It was
merely known as a fact that the troops who had
passed the frontier maintained their position. Two
new general officers have been attached to the
Generals-in-Chief of the armies of Asia, to take
their place in case of necessity ; they are Sadallah
Pasha and Sirri Pasha, both Muchirs, or Major-
Generals. A steamer from Trebizond on the 6th
brought three pieces of cannon and 80 or 90 pri-
soners captured at the affair of the fort of Shefkatil,
St. Nicholas. A service of extraordinary couriers
had been organised by ord of the Government, in
order to secure a daily departure and arrival between
Constantinople and the armies of the Danube and
Asia. The operations of the latter army were
pushed on with great activity. The Turkish
Government had sent to the Black Sea a naval divi-
sion, consisting of two frigates, two corvettes, and a
brig, in order to protect the coast against a coup de
main on the part of the Russians. The combined fleets,
the writer adds, have decidedly received orders to ad
vance to Constantinople and join the two divisions at
anchor there for some days. The announcement in
the semi-official journal of the adjudication for the
supplies of the French fleet, which states that the
contractor had engaged from the sea of Marmora to
Odessa, produced considerable sensation at Constan-
tinople ; and it was considered as, in some sort, a
contradiction to the assurance that the fleets would
not enter the Black Sea. In virtue of orders ema-
nating from the Turkish Government, the authori-
ties of the provinces were to cease all relations with
the Consuls and Vice-Consuls accredited to the
place where the former reside ; and the navigation
was to be interdicted to Russian mercantile ships
at the end of 15 days from the sth inst. On the
other hand, Omer Pasha has cut off all communica-
tion on that part of the Danube occupied by his
army, and no vessel can pass without his permission.
A•letter of the same date appears very pacific in
its tone. It states that there still exists among
political persons a very confident hope that affairs
will be arranged without recourse being had to
further hostilities. The writer adds, that the Am-
bassadors declined to accede to the request of the
Porte to send the fleets to the Black Sea, and not
only that, but they counselled the Divan against
sending the Turkish fleet, and moreover that the
real secret of Fouad Effendi's mission was for the
purpose of restraining the military ardour of Omer
Pasha.

It is stated that the Russian Consul-General at
Alexandria has received orders to quit the country.
Hitherto the Russian agents in Egypt have re-
mained at their posts, but the energetic manner in
which Abbas Pasha has taken part with the Sultan
has been regarded by the Cabinet of St. Petersburg
as a complete rupture.
A gentleman, who has just returned to Paris
from the Danubian provinces, speaks of the Russian
army of occupation by no means flatteringly. If
the entire army be like what he has seen he thinks
there is not the slightest reason for alarm at the
numerous hordes the Czar is said to have under
arms. The regiments he saw were, with one ex-
ception (he had not seen the Guards), of the most
wretched kind—most of them young lads, sickly-
looking, haggard, feeble, badly clad, and badly fed.
" They may stand to be killed," he says„ " but it
is astonishing t-) me how they can kill any one."
The numbers the Emperor of Russia can draw
upon are to be sure, almost unlimited, and in a
service where neither the comfort of the men is
cared for nor the slightest value set on their lives,
there are always thousands upon thousands dragged
to supply the places of those who perish by the neglect
of their officers and the rapacity of their commis-
sariat, who have more regard for brute beasts that
for human beings. The corps of Cossacks, are
according to the same authority, principally com-
posed of young men about 16 or 17, whom the
hope of plunder animates. Otherwise the soldiers
rob in all directions ; and the gentleman I refer
to states an instance of a sergeant-major who
was flogged by order of his commanding
officer, not precisely because he robbed, but be-
cause he robbed beyond what was permitted to his
rank in the army. The condition of the Wallachian
peasant he describes as most deplorable, plundered
as they are by Boyards as well as Russians. A
party of three or four Frenchmen happened, a short
time ago, to make an excursion for the purpose of
examining timber for the Government. As they
approached a village they were surprised to find
nearly the whole of the inhabitants running off as
fast as they could to the woods, and apparently in
the greatest terror. One of the visitors galloped
after _them, and holding up a purse full of money
in his hand cried out that he was to pay for any-
thing he wanted. After seine parleying they con-
sented to return and supply the travellers with re-
freshment, and were amazed when they received
payment. In a word, the condition of the unfortu-
nate inhabitants of the Principalities, exposed as
they are to the tender mercies of a soldiery and do-
mestic oppression, is melancholy beyond
descrip-
tion.

At Vienna the following is the latest news
from the seat of war :—The Turks still occupy
theisland opposite Oltenitza, and are fully
prepared with their 40 heavy guns to receive
the Russians should they attempt to cross the
river as they seem inclined to do. It is the
same case at Giurgevo. However, if the river
continuos to rise, the Turks will be forced to

1-t\nk. eerier i FiSlabael: is
at li...ajova ; Genera! Werbenbutg com-
mands at Slatina. The Turks are not more than
10 English miles to the north of Kalafat, where
the Polish language is much employed by the
officers. The Turks pay for everything at Kalafat,
but some little mistakes as to the meum and tuunt
are made in the neighbourhood. Between the 9th
and 14th there was no battle of consequence along
the whole line. The foregoing news deserves all
confidence.