The Sun.
London, England, 1838-08-06 00:00:00

ENGRAVING BY MACHINERY.

(From the Ali-chunks' Magazine )
Mr. Bate's medal. engraving machinery bar not hcen al-
lowed to be idle, alihovOi we ere not daily g,iceted wi,h
putting paragraphs and flaming advertisements, as was the Cate
in respect to the publications of his foreign rivals. In the
able hands of Mr. Freehairn. justice will be done to British
tine art, awl mechanical genius. - The invention has lately
been applied, with succcas, to engraving in relief, and the
meilailioa head of the Queen, in that beautiful specimen of
t3pography the GoNen San, was executed by Mr. Freehairn
with Mr. Mite's apparatus. That the relief must be good, is
evidenced by the immense number which has been issued of
that publication.
In steel engraving, by the machine, two beautiful works
have lately been published—one the bas-relief design from it
:elver, by the celebrated Jean Gougou, and the other a head
of the Duke of Wellington. Gougcu's salver, of which the
engraving is a I.c-simile, is nineteen inches in diameter, and
one of the most elaborate and beautiful specimens of the alt of
metal-chasing, executed at a period when that art was prac-
tised to a fac greater extent than in the present day, and by
acne more sueees,fully than Jean Gougon.. The des'gn is
divided into several compartments-, containing groups of
figures, emblematical of the four quarters of the globe, their
principal conquerors, and the four seasons ; the intermedia'e
spaces being filled with exquisitely-finished ornaments of the
style which prevailed in the 16th century, the era in which
Jean Gougou flourished. Mr. Frecbairit's engraving is the
rncst clear, distinct, artd brilliant representation of this rare
work imaginable ; the effect of the relief is beautifully decep-
tive, and is heightened by the metallic colour of the ink in
which the engraving is printed ; the most minute details are
given with perfect aecuracy, and the drawing, both of the
figures and ornaments, is preserved with a fidelity that reflects
the highest credit on the skill of the artist, and the accurate
working of the machine.

IRISH COMMISSION ON RAILWAYS.
SECOND REPORT.,

_ _ _a,~.—

( From the Railway Magazine.)
At length this Report is out, and a most able and valuable
Report it is. The immense mass of important statistical in-
formation it contains, and the great' labour and pains which
have obviously Le(n bestowed in collecting and sifting it for
the purposes of making the Report what it ought to be, are
an ample answer to the complaints that have been made on ac-
count of delays. It is perhaps impossible to have a more com-
plete picture of the country—whether we regard its resources,
its trade, its internal means and quar.turn of communication by
land and water, its. popula:ion, geology, &c. &c., than is
furnished by this elaborate Report, and the, excellent map;
aad plans accompanying it. Our wonder is, how so enormous
a mass of varied materials could have been collected in so short
a time. Nothing indeed but the powerful means of a nation
placed at the disposal,of men of,indomitable perseverance and
zeal could have aeconapished it.
Besides the plans and sections got up under the direction of
the two able engineers, Messrs. Vignoles and M'Neil, an ex-
cellent Atlas of six maps; by Gardner, accompanies the Report.
The first shows the lines laid down by the Commissioners and
private parties ; the sec mid, a nearly similar map ingeniously
contrived by the different depths of shading to show the den-
sities of the population with circles and numbers to the towns
to give, the former by their magnitudes to the eye and the lat-
ter numerically, the value of the respective populations of the
towns. This map is almost invaluable to the projectors or
Railways. The fourth and firth are two traffic maps con-
structed by Lieut. Harness, showing the amount of exports
and imports, the currents and proportions of internal travel-
ling, traffic, &c., for.rting a very useful accompaniment to the
fogy men The fifth is an admirably got up geological map of
the whole country. We are not aware whether these be—we
have not seen—another geological map of Ireland. The sixth
is a map of England and Ireland, exhibiting the distances.
31. c., and lines of communication between London and DO:o-
-lio, and other parts of Ireland. The executive style of these
maps does Mr. Gardner great credit.

FOOLISH INTOLERANCE ON THE
BENCH.

It is desirable that Judges, in their charges to Juries and
their observations in court, should confine themselves to the
" matter in question." When they transgress this salutary
rule and travel "beyond the record," they are apt to exhibit
themselves in an unbecoming light. A few days ago, .1d
Judge Park told a prisoner, convicted of murder, but recom-
mended to mercy by the Jury, that he could not second that
recommendation ; and the principal reason he adduced for the
refusal, was the decree of the Mosaic laW, that " be that
smitetb a man so that he die, shall be surely put to death."
On the same. ground, Judge Park would hang adulterers, and
persona guilty of other offences of a capital nature according
to the Jewish code. But Judge Park luckily cannot make
law ; and in the instance referred to, of Rickey the soldier
who shot his sergeant, he was not allowed to enforce it after
his own fashion, for the Home Secretary, on the application,
of the Recorder, respited the prisoner ; thus placing the un-
wise Judge in an awkward position. He had better have
contented himself with quetin,e the law of England against
the eriminal, and let the la* of Moses alone.
Another instance of unelliled-f,,r observation by a Judge,
occurred a few days ago, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Iho
conductor of a scurrilous paper in that' part of the world had
described Mr. Russell Bowlby as "a wretch without a God.'
For this libel the offender was prosecuted by Mr. Bowlby ;
and, as a preliminary, the aggrieved party, '• made oath that
he was not an Atheist, but believed in the existence of a Su-
preme Being, in whom Le trusted, and to whom he looked uP
with reverence." The defendant made a very humble apology
and retraction ; and Mr. Bowlby, having no malice to gratilY•
was sat's6ed, and allo..yed him to be acquitted. Baron Al-
derson, the Judge, said he was very glad Mr. Bowlby "'
ratified; but, according to the report, Le added—" In his
opinion, however, the situation in which he stood before the
Court and the Fublic was the reverse of an enviable one : Itu
thought that something more than a charge of Atheism oughL
to be cleared away, and that much was required of us beyond
a belief in a Supreme Being. Ile trusted that when Mr'
Bowlby reared from that Court, he would reflect upon big
situation, and endeavour to ascertain whether the course be
had pursued was such as ought to satisfy the mind of a Chris-
tian."

Sergeant STARKIF, Mr. Bowlby's counsel, reminded th°
Judge, that "an expression of regret that the particular svord9
referred to in the indictMent weie used, was of course all that
Mr. Bunlby could require."
Unquestionably. The prosecutor was charged with beirli
an Atheiit—." a wretch without a God." He rebuqc"
that calumny ; and there was not the le.ast occasion for
entering into further particulars of his religious creed. 1)u.
Baon Alderson seems to have thought fit to insinuate
Oat Mr. 13 iwthy left the Court eviih a stain ; lcr that
.he
ought not to have been satisfied with a simple repudiatto.l_
of Atheism. He might just as well bold it incumbent '";
a man charged with theft to prove his innocence nut er",-
of that offencJ but of slander or wilful burning. Let Bard
Alderson, if he think it exp,!dietit to raise the question of NI::
Bowlby's belief in the Christian religion, publish an article
any favourite velii.:lo of slander, dencuncing that gentlerna'"
as an IrfUel ; arid then be may perhaps have satisfactioa.o4
'the point—though lint in a mann:r highly creditable t.,) 1141.
self. As it is, the Judge of course wa3 protecyti by 0,9
ermine. He could safely insinuate infidelity or any 000_1:
else against Mr. Bowlby. But in so doing, he took an 1!'„
generous al.d mos.. reprehensible advantage of the relatni:
situ itions of himself and the I,rosccut r. llr. ~t
the less excusable on this account,• that he was himself brougt,
up among a class of Dissenters who claim unbounded lict:E'_";
in their interiyetatiou of the Scriptures and perfect religious
liberty.—Spictator.

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, AUGUST 2,-A g--
notl
deal of business was done at the lose of last week, and in the earliP',rt,
of this. In several instances the accounts from London induced "6.0".
buyers to give an advance of Is., but the propriety of this concession b„..,
not hem established by any change in the disposition of the count'"4
grocers, and our market is, cons •queatly, became very flat again. 319,.
suspension of business in Bristol, while it is so brisk in London, 110,
wi:hstanding the anxious efforts of the trade to be well employed, fully
,
confirms the views we have taken, and justifies us in impressing ll'el
upon our readcrs.—Mercury.
•
No less than ninety whales of the bottle-nosed de" •
sc.iption were caught at Stronsay last week.
REMUNERATION TO ENGLISH COMPoSERS's
For " Cherry Ripe," one of the most popular melodies, not only Int Ilici-i
country but on the Continent also, Mr. Horn, the composer, reeeic
10/. ; and Mr. Barnett, for " The Light Guitar," the prodigious suiii
of two guineas !—Musical World.
Dr. Bosvring arrived in town vestruday from his
Oriental mission.
,o,
Thursday morning, about six o'clock, a young 11"
about twenty-four years of age, named Joseph Salkeld, whose parri“; is
side in Mary-street, Hampstead.road, left home, sccompanil:d b
~ the
friend, to bathe in the Regent's Canal, by Heitwater Bridge, "ea.:4 of
York and Albany Gate, when, being unable to swim, and getting °'iiiis
his depth, he was unfortunately drowned, in spite of the exertion' °3ced
companion, whose life, in endeavouring to affind assistance, V"' P.. was.
in imminent danger. Informa.ion of the distressing circurnstamer
the,
given to the police, some of whom repaired to the spot, and, aftboo, ;
lapse of a little lime, succeeded in dragging the body tv the
but vitality was completely extinct. 4€ll
SALMON FISH ERY.—.Altliougli the salmon fi• ,„,r
has been so prosperous here of late as to enable the curers tar 6 the
the price to a very moderate rate, the quantity caught dtin,!ing
season, both here and at Spey, is far short of the quantity c,„ o
...;ht 'do,
the corresponding period of last year. Nothing but a very heavy be
inn will makeup the deficiency ; and if it be made up, the prices '. j of
reduced in the London market still further, so that ill every v(!`l3 ,„ii. , ~.
view the curers have little prospect of realizing a. profit this
;401'4,
'fir,re are no fewer than 1,000 boats at present ergaged in )„,ds :
fishery on the east coast of
.Scetland, and perliaps there is uPgr",,,ast.
that number prosecuting the same branch of tade on the
Caithness
Etch of th e boats cart les at least twenty nets, aod these,,wbctl set:: etc"
tr*
fully half a mile.—Aberdms Herald.
The body of a boy, ai!parcna twelve , ar,e,
was found on Thursday n'ght in the River. off Elt ham An InTridiet of
heal on the body yesterday, at the Checkers, E!thatr, and a v` it WO
" Found drowned" was recorder. The body was wit identified.
dressed in a brown jacket and cord trousers, with laced shoes• i.,., re.
INSULT TO RELIGION !—ln reference to tn't. ore
cent attack in the columns of the Herald upon the Guardian
.°,, P
Kidderminster Union, on account of their hawing advertinea,:r 511
Chaplain fur the Union Workhouse, with a salary f f fifty poundsoi:oult
'years otet,43,
uum, the :Manchester Guardian justly remarks, that it it is
,ain 4,;
to religion to offer a salary of 50/. per aantim to the Chal'_.,,,, oa`,
workhouse, it is equally insulting and irrrtigiocs to make the s,l";act, of
wore. p, r
to a curate. We do not see that thcr is anything in the ro
Rector. iIY
tit' 50/. per annum coming out of theypocket of a rich .•anct
tte_an
tier
rt
of art
atlinei:ii)aodeckleuts4toef
st4hiereirdr; of Kidderminster, vi,.l,:ocnh will u'estile:-;
a cumence4 with the benefitchedeseicilseurglty', to
oeflocrjeg New Yn°l*.
Gu', ittii4 were thought of.
*