The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-19 00:00:00

HERRING TRADE.—WICK.—Since Thursday last very

THE WAR.

REPORTED BOMBARDIVIENT

OF ODESSA.

VIENNA, MONDAY, SEPT. 18.
The bombardment of Odessa is reported here,
but not credited.

JASSY, SErr. 15.

Prince Gortschakoff leaves to-morrow.

The Russian rear has erected quarantine stations
along the river. The bridges have been destroyed.
The Austrians enter Moldavia by different roads,
the administrative council readily giving the need-
full assistance.

ODESSA, SEPT. 11.

Part of the allied fleet is near Akerman, sailing
towards Odessa. This place is deserted, every-
body flying into the interior.
Several line-of-battle-ships are in sight.
Ten or twelve ships hover about our harbour.

PARIS, MONDAY.

The journal de Constantinople of the 9th con-
tains an official communication, contradicting the
report of a rupture with Persia.
This communication was made at the express
demand of the Persian Ambassador.

On the Bth the expedition to the Crimea was at
Serpents Island. The English vessels were to sail
the following day for the Crimea.
Besides the steamers belonging to the fleets three
regular services are established between the Crimea
and Constantinople.

KARS, Aug. 18.—The Russians have retired from
leir positions at Kurukdere and Ingidere to the
ortress of Gumri. The campaign in Anatolia is
hus concluded.

The reason of their retreat is as yet unknown.
Probably the stench of the dead drove them from
their positions at Kurukdere and Ingidiere.

Three thousand Russian corpses have been
counted on the field of battle, partly buried.

Four Russian battalions of infantry, with eight
cannon, have been sent against Schamy], who has
advanced towards Tiflis.

little has been done in the prosecution of the herring
fishery. A few boats put to sea each night, and on
Friday and Satarday some of those had tolerable shots,
but the aggregate catch was trifling. Last night a few
boats put off, more in pursuit of cod than herrings, and
were tolerably successful in the catch of the former, but
not of the latter. A greater number will go out to-
night, but so far as the herring fishing is concerned the
season may be reckoned as fairly over. The price of
green fish ruled high—from 15s. to 18s. and 19s. per
cran. On the Latheron coast, from Us. to lie, was
paid,
CHEAP BOOTS.—Mr. Phemister, the fortunate emi-
grant we lately mentioned as having gone to Melbourne,
by the Minerva, and at the diggings got about 5,0001.
worth of gold out of one hole, passed through here last
week, on his way to Lossiemouth. Mr. P. had with
him 50 pair of Blucher boots, all new, which he had
bought at an auction in Melbourne fur elevenpance per
pair !—Banffshire Journal.
THE MURDER OF THE LATE DUKE OF PARMA.—The
Independence Beige publishes the following letter, dated
Parma, sth inst. :—" According to the disclosures made
by one of the persons sentenced to death for participation
in the revolt of July, and whose penalty has been com-
muted into 20 years' imprisonment, the real assassin of
the Duke Charles 111. is a man named Carra, who, ar-
rested under that charge, was liberated for want of proof,
and embarked at Genoa for the United States of America.
Carra bears a remarkable resemblance to Bocchi, which
accounts for the magistrates persisting in regarding the
latter as the murderer of the Duke. The good faith of
the Custom-house officer may have been the more easily
surprised as Carra bore no marks of the crime he had
committed. He had had full time .to recover his self-
possession, and you may remember that not a drop of
blood oozed out of the wound of the unfortunate duke."
ARREST OF A MURDERER SEVENTEEN YEARS AFTER
HIS CRIME.—The North American says :—A very re-
markable case, having, we believe, but one parallel in legal
history, came before Major Conrad yesterday morning.
A coloured man, named Edward Crawford, alias Pat,
the "Irish nigger," was brought up on the charge of
having stabbed a young coloured man, named Francis
Turnbleson, to the heart, in a brawl down town about
17 years ago. The affair caused much excitement at the
time, but the memory of it had almost passed away,
when Pat again appeared with confidence in the streets
of the city (Philadelphia), and being recognised by those
who witnessed the perpetration of the deed, yesterday
morning he was taken in custody, and brought into the
mayor's office. There was a considerable crowd present,
and great interest was manifested. Witnesses were
called, who clearly establi shed the truth of the accusa-
tion. The prisoner was committed for trial.
THE WINDSOR COURT-MARTIAL—A correspondent of
the North British Mail thus writes in reply to a long
and elaborate defeece of the officers of the 46th. which
lia,l been forwarded to that journal under the signature
of " Civis :"—" One day last week a friend of mine was
travelling on the Aberdeen Railway in the same carriage
with a party of gent'emen and one lady, all strangers to
hims-lf, with a single exception. One of the party was
a foppish young Cockney, who monopolised all the con-
versation. At last he touched upon the Perry case, and
gave it as his opinion that in future Perry would be
shunned by all respectable society. An elderly gentle-
man who had been sitting in a corner seat, apparently
heedless of what was going on, at this started abruptly
up and asked in rather an authoritative tone, `And why
should Lieut. Perry be shunned by respectable society.'
Thus taken aback the Cockney looked rather foolish,
and held his peace. His catechist, however, returned
to the subject, and entered into a masterly analysis of
the entire evidence in the case, and concluded by stating
that, having been accustomed to sift all kinds of evi-
dence all his life, he had never known a case in which
the accused bad obtained a more complete or triumphant
justification than Lieut. Perry had done in the late trial.'
He also passed some very severe strictures on the con-
duct of the officers of the 46th Regiment. Soon after-
wards the gentleman left the carriage, and on the Cock-
ney asking who he was, a passenger present coolly
replied that it was Lord --, one of the most distin-
guished members of the Scottish bar, and one of her
Majesty's Lords of Session, who had just favoured them
with his opinion on the Perry case."
SCHOOLMASTER GONE TO THE EAST.—Not a hundred
miles from Pencombe, in this county, the following no-
tification was, during the past week, seen posted against
the front entrance of a neat and pleasantly situated
parish church :—" I hereby Give Notice that a shes-
sians well be halden at Deernbeltun Hall in Bramyerd
munday thee 4th doy of september Instunt far Grunt-
ing lisenses far Halea sperit Hoeeses. Cun-
steble."—fiereford Times.
MANSLAUGHTEa BY A DRUGGIST'S ASSISTANT.—On
Thursday, a coroner's jury, at Ashton-under-Lyne, re-
turned a verdict of " Manslaughter" against a druggist's
assistant, named Robert Williams, for causing the death
of a young woman by improper treatment daring labour.
The deceased, Mary Ann Speakman, was a single woman,
19 years of age. She was taken in labour on Monday
evening. A surgeon was sent for, but he was not at
home, and Williams volunteered to attend her. During
his treatment she screamed violently, and evidently suf-
fered very great pain. She gave birth to a still-born
child, and died some time afterwards. A post mortem.
examination of the body of the young woman was made
by two medical gentlemen, who were of opinion that the
treatment by Williams had caused her death, and he was
committed for trial by the coroner for manslaughter.
RAILWAY COLLISION.--A collision took place at the
Ilcssle-road junction, on Monday afternoon, but the con-
sequences, we are happy to state, were neither fatal
nor serious. The 3.10 p.m. train was slowly proceed-
ing along the line to the Hull passenger station, Para-
gon-street, and when at the junction it struck the
tender of a ballast train, which it damaged. Two of the
carriages were also overturned. Some of the passengers
in the other train were knocked off their seats, and two
or three were slightly bruised. Had the accident occurred
at night time, when the ballast train could not be seen,
there is little doubt that very serious damage would have
been done, and many of the passengers severely injured.
- —ECtikna Countio Herald.

LATEST NE lap. The Austrians, to tie number of 12,000, a
Ws. I quartered in the town."

AUSTRIA. AVOIV
VIENNA, Aug. 15.—The Lloyd yesterdaY tbe
ing expressed some astonishment that a partf,v of
foreign press should suppose the foreign I)°,":,'"ae-
the Imperial Government had undergone a 01'7;10
Austria has neither given the Western Polve.h."
understand that she is inclined to separate —°o-
- nor has she ceased to consider the four eon-
them,
ditions the necessary basis for any future Preliter
naries for peace. It is not necessary to be a etg.p,
man or diplomatist to understand that anY
leas
parent hesitation on the part of Aust,is
arisen from a very natural desire to g311,,:ia
the rest of Germany to her policy. -tj-:""tirds'
is not blind to the fact that Russia' Id
always endeavoured to conceal her and
conquest conquest under the cloak of religion, fltbe
her statesmen know full well that it is not nevr of
question of the keys of the Holy Sepulchre, °rill,'
the strategic evacuation of the Principalities. 't is
Imperial
Government is as well aware of wilf‘tho
necessary for the welfare of Europe as aro the
French and English Cabinets, and, therefore, ant
machinations of Russia are not likely to be e the
f
avail in Austria. Austria has a great stake
i dear
game which is now playing, and is naturally
rous of deriving some advantage fro worldsa well
for herself as for Germany. 46 The v 3,
therefore be assured," says the Lloyd,
ri
tria is to-day where she was yesterday? all.„° not
the fitting moment for action arrived iii not
be found wanting." Such are the view* of Wri
that .51.3. Lei

RUSSIA AND HER CREDITORS.
• ~
A letter from Galatz of the 6th, in the Do/id of
Vienna, states that on the 56h, after the depar-
ture of the Russian troops, several Rus-
sians connected with the Commissariat department :
arrived with a military escort, and announced tliat
they had come to pay for the supplies to the troops
whilst at Galatz. They were soon surrounded by
a host of creditors, who, however, were offered no
other payment than inscriptions on the Russian.
treasury, and not one in a hundred could obtain
even this mode of payment, and the agents of the
Commissariat soon left the town.

BARON HESS'S INSPECTION.
Baron Von Hess arrived at Cronstadt in Transyl-
vania on the 9th, with a numerous suite, also corn-
prising some foreign officers. He has terminated
the inspection of all the corps stationed along tha
frontier, and is to arrive at Bucharest on the 20th.

THE RUSSIAN RETREAT.
A letter from Bucharest, in the Moniteur, states
that the Russians on quitting Ibrail laid hands on
all the stores of corn belonging to the town and to
private individuals. The Austrian merchants have
been very severe sufferers. After this act of spolia-
tion the town itself was given up to pillage.

The Oest. Correspondenz, positively denies that
Prince Gortschakoff notified to Feldzeugmeister
Hess any conditions on which the Principalities •
would be evacuated, and adds,—" There bas
been no communication, either official or non-
official, between the Prussian and. Austrian com-
manders."

RETREAT OF THE RUSSIANS IN ASIA•

. .
A letter from Constantinople, sth, in the Mont'
tour, says :—" Recent accounts received from Kars
announce that the enemy's troops who had occupied
Bayazid have evacuated that place, and that the
whole Russian army on the 17th ult. quitted the
position which it had taken up and retained after
the battle of Indje-Dere and recrossed the Arpat-
chai, marching on Alexandropol. The Turks bad,
it is said, formed a design to tempt the fate of arras ;
a second time, and this determination coming to the !
ears of Prince Bebutoff, he doubtless thought that
the losses sustained by his troops in the engagement
of the sth would not allow him to accept another .
battle. He probably also obeyed some orders which
had reached him from Tiflis caused by the presence
of Schamyl in the neighbourhood of that place;
All accounts agree in saying that the appearance el
that chief is connected with the operations of the,
allied armies. Zarif Mustapha Pacha, who 1304 .•
been dismissed from his command, has been slue"
mooed to Constantinople, where he will have t°
give an account of his conduct, and of the motip?
hich led him to engage in the battle of Indic,
Dere, notwithstanding the orders he had received
to the contrary."

THE CARAVAN CAPTURED BY THE -
COSSACKS.
In a letter, which reached Constantinople 011
the 27th ult. from Persia, it is stated that, on the
17th ult., 300 Cossacks, with three pieces of ligq;
artillery, captured, between the quarantine BaYazi
and the village of Diadin, and took into their own
territory, a caravan from Persia, consisting of 2732,5
ble
horses laden with silk, tombeki, and other valua
goods, also with a number of money-bags, cout
ing 50,000 half-imperials, or pols, in gold. The
precise value of the booty is, it is stated, not known,
but it is very considerable. When, it is added'
news of the capture of the caravan reached Elle-
roum, an express was sent off with orders to a care
of 3,000 horses, wbicli left that town on toe
19th ult. for Persia to return.

THE BALTIC FLEET.
The Oesterreichische Soldaten Freund containg
the following upon the return of the Baltic fleet
"The Angio-French armada, locked up in the ice 1 ,
the Baltic, would for many na,mths be a forlorn post. Tru.o
strategy, on the contrary, demands that such a formi..
dablE., force should remain disposable, and that the beitus*
men of the State should despatch it to such points ass
in the course of a long winter, may be more i 1.117.
portant than any frost-bound objects of attack m the.
north of Russia When the gallant sea'
man said, Sharpen your cutlasses, lads I' he
thinking of the boarding of Russian vessels ; be could
not have anticipated that these ships would in
summer remain lurking behind granite walls. It must
not be forgotten that the first duty of a navy consists
the protection of its commercial marine ; but the Rio'
sian Admirals left their merchantmen to their fate, and•
the Russian commercial marine in the Baltic is as good .
as annihilated. This one object bas been attained by
Admiral Napier ; for the attainment of the other, the
destruction of the Russian fleet, or some more extensive
marine fortification than Bomarsund, there are, no
doubt, suitable preparatious being made in the mili-
tary and naval arsenals of England and France. it
is also possible, moreover, as we have heard
from more than one quarter, that the allies' plan of
operations may have been changed. Alter having sue.
ceeded in diverting the Russian forces into different
directions by a simultaneous attack in the Baltic and
the Euxine, and preventing their concentration in a single
rayon, or the detachment of any strong bodies to the
Asiatic theatre of war, the Western Powers might no W, .
in this autumn, with good expectation of success, de:
snatch a separate expedition, under the command of
Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers, to the Anatolian theatre
of war to operate against the Russian army at Tiflis.

RUSSIA.
A new extraordinary levy of recruits has henel!
ordered in Russia, to fill up the immense wear heel
tear of the last six or eight months. The following
ukase announces this determination :
"Peterhof, Aug. 26, 1.80'• t
" We, Nicholas I. by the grace of God,
&c., &e., deem it indispensable, under existing circuur
stances of war, to form the reserve troops definitivelyi;
and therefore ordain-1. To carry into effect the 12ht.
series of partial recruiting in the governments of.,it:ci
western half of the empire [the whole empire is di/1"-i
„vestal:lP
Autoora
into two great recruiting circles—eastern and
by raising ten men from each thousand souls, in Tile,
of the special stipulations herewith addressed to
directing senate. 2. This levy is to begin upon the
bier
of November, and terminate on the 15th of Dece°l,:ll
next. 3. The Hebrews liable to recruiting duties s'A-to
furnish ten men from each thousand souls, according,,
the 16th supplement to clause 685 of the recruiting
Mr:
&c. (Signed) " NICHOLAS, • ,
Of the whole population of Russia, about for.t9;
five million souls come within the circumscript'%,
of the conscription laws, and of these nearlYnr et
thirds are serfs—little better than the ut Pecc".:l-
- of the Romans. If these forty-five nle-
lion souls be divided into two halves, that istiici',;oo
half for each circle, the result will be 221- r°11.11%-alf
souls for the western half ; then, deducting 'l-0,
for females, 111 males of all ages remain; :I'o
at the pro rata of 10 per 1,000, will fu to
about 110,000 recruits. Of these, accordingag.,
Hasethausen, noways disposed to speak disP3r 30
t%
ingly of Russian organic systems, from 2° first
per cent. die or are invalided within the er-
yeari and indeed the greater part of this c Ito
centage drop off before the convoys of re
res.
reach their respective head-quarters. The Pero,
sure on the male population, and upon serf-own...di,
is rendered immense by these repeated extraooio
nary levies, of which the present is the ocher
within the last six months. For the actual eY,Po
to
of males of an age to serve—that is, between
30—cannot be estimated at more than -half of the
whole, which would reduce the number liable
furnish recruits in each circle to about 5i
So that, in point of fact, 250 souls furnib trhe
cruits, which gives a percentage of 4. SinCOnted
commencement of the war the drain has aul°llve.
to about twelve per cent. on those liable to seat,,
According to the ukase directed to the Sellau'
those furnishing recruits—that is, serf-ovree,r,,slaref
nicipalities, or others—are required to paY-1-',.".„1" 9,139
roubles 20 kopecks for the equipment of ese.",,-0190
so that in addition to the loss of hands, the 1-I,oit
recruits cost an expenditure to contributors a A
1,200,000 roubles.

Who is a vigorous opponent of Russia, and an open
contemner of the "snivelling" policy of Prussia
and the smaller German States.
A letter from Vienna, of the 15th, in the Cassel
Journal, says :—" We learn from a good source
that the Austrian Cabinet will not come to a defi-
nitive resolution cone( rning the proposal of an
Offensive and defensive alliance with the Western
Powers, until the result of the propositions sub-
raitted to the Diet by Baton Von Proketsch-Osten,
as also that of the military operations commenced
in the Black Sea, be known. All that may safely
said in the interval is that, should the proposi-
tions submitted to the Diet not be so favourably
received as Austria might wish, but, on the other
hand, the military operations in question be crowned
With success, the conclusion of the said alliance
will no longer be doubtful, whatever the Berlin
Papers may say to the contrary.'
• The Press of Vienna, of the 14th, says :—" It is
known that Baron Proketsch-Osten, representative
of Austria at the Diet, has submitted to the com-
mittee of the Diet several questions, and amongst
others that of deciding how far the situation of
Germany is changed by the default of temporary ex
planations on the first point of the additional article
of the Austro-Prussian treaty, which says that
offensive operations would be commenced, if
Russia incorporated the principalities or passed
the Balkans. We learn from a sure source that
Prussia has declared her opinion on that point in a
circular, dated September 3 • she says that the
eventualities provided for by that article being dis-
tant, it ought to be looked ou as without effect ;
and that Prussia would not take part either in a
war of aggression against Russia or in other
coercive measures, having for object to enforce the
execution of the guarantees demanded, and that,
in. fine, Germany could not give a more extensive
application to the treaty of April 20, if Prussia did
not consent to it. Austria, she adds, has not to
fear any attack on the part of Russia. There are
positive indications that Austria has recently suc-
ceeded in coming to an understanding with Ba-
varia and Saxony on the Eastern question. The
gravity of the situation has caused these Cabinets
to comprehend that the attitude of Austria is very
advantageous to German interests."
A letter from Vienna of the 12th, in the
Breslau Gazette, says :--
"The Prussian ambassador announced in the
audience giren him by the Emperor, before his depar-
ture, .the arrival of new propositions of mediation, drawn
uP by the Prussian Government. The ambassador at
the same time thanked the Emperor, in the name of his
Sovereign, for the last resolution of Austria with respect
to the Russian reply, and expressed the hope that the
winter which is approaching would present an opportune
occasion for conferences and negotiations. It is possible,
aeveitheless, that Prussia will be deceived in counting
ra change in the policy of Austria. The latter
ewer, in fact, is firmly determined not to abandon
the position which it has taken up in the Principalities,
is the interest of the Porte and of Germany, except
under the condition that Russia shall consent to convert
the present de facto situation into one de jure by aceeding
to a general European treaty, in which the demands of
guarantees of the Western Powers shall be set forth at
itlalgth. It will, therefore, be seen that it is necessary
themselves of a pledge which shall cause the submission
of 3 Russia. Consequently the projected expeditions of
t
• e Crimea and Bessarabia can excite no objection, as it
1.0
:,riatural that, in the state of war in which the Western
-r were are with Russia, each party should endeavour
to
obtain the most advantageous position."
The resignation of Count Buol, of which the re-
port was first set afoot by a Belgian journal—no
doubt) with the most innocent intent—is declared
to
be unfounded.
The aide-de-camp of Prince Danilo, of Monte-
negro, arrived here a day or two ago. Russia, it
would seem, has withdrawn her magnanimous
Subsidy for the support of his highness's state,
was
implicit obedience to the Czar's commands
was refused. The Prince now offers to throw him-
self altogether into the arms of Austria, if this Go •
.ernra. twill 1
z en on y help him to live, and assist
him to maintain order among his mountain bri-
gands, Perhaps the boon demanded may be
granted—but, of course, only under conditions
Which will be generally approved of in Europe.

PRUSSIA.
The Post Amt Gazette of Frankfort has the
following from Berlin, of the 15th :—" The King
hag refused, in the most flattering terms, to accept
the resignation of General Count de Groeben, as
commander of the guard. The count assigned as
the motive of his resignation the state of his health,
which would not permit • him to fulfil his military
duties in case of more serious events. The King,
in refusing to accept the resignation, is said to have
_Observed that no such events were to be appre-
hended, and that, consequently, the general ought
not to pay attention to such considerations."
A letter from Vienna, of the 121, says :—" The
Moniteur of the Army publishes the names of sun-
dry officers who have been decorated for improve-
ments in military arms and equipments, and amongst
them is Colonel de Lenk of the artillery, who has
received the insignia of the Order of Leopold for
a discovery which allows the employment with great
advantage of cotton-powder for artillery. The
Emperor has already ordered the practical applica-
.tion, of the invention to that arm, and cannons are
being at present cast for the purpose."

SWEDEN.
COPENHAGEN, Sept. 12.—The Government has
given up its absurd intention of prosecuting the
speakers at the Copenhagen meeting. It contents
itself, to begin with, with a new prosecution against
the Redrelandet, for its moderate and half-humor-
ous article on the opening of the Court-Junta
Otigs-raad).
Lord Canning and Mr. Tritton are here with
their yachts. The French war-steamer Cycette has
Passed to the south. Several other vessels are
coming and going.
Military evolutions on a large scale are taking
place in Schleswig, as well as round Copenhagen. There has been a considerable fire in Stockholm.
The only vessel of the allies now near Stockholm
is the the Austerlitz, to which visits are daily made.
imperial eagle is everywhere on board ; but,
,Singularly enough, four lauding cannons have still
their proud old inscription, " Republique Fran-
caise ; Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite.
Up to the last dates the fail of Bomarsund was
still kept secret from the Finnish papers.
A whole armfull of British ports has been de-
clared by King Oscar infected or suspected; his own
cholera residence is,
of course, still excluded from
;legislation. And this we patiently submit to.
Swedish half-official press, it is remarked,
":_s openly acknowledged that these steps are go-
17y " other than sanitary reasons." True, it
his simply been a weapon more in the arsenal of a
-"ussian court.

FR AN CE.
ARRIVAL OF QUEEN CHISTINA.

s, Tuesday Morning.—The French steamer
-Newton arrived in the Garonne on the 17th, with
Queen Christina on board.

The article of the Moniteur, on the alliance be-
tween France and England, is copied without zom-
rnentary by all the Paris journals of yesterday.
Some remarks of the Siecle will be read. with in.
terest, for they set forth in plain and unequivoca.
terms, what was, from a reserve which will be duly
appreciated, intentionally vague in the Moniteur.
The Siecle says :
" The 1 oniteur has published a long and important
political article. There are in it two very distinct things :
in the first place the eulogiums on the policy of the Chief
of the State, and afterwards a kind of declaration on the
affairs of the war carried on in common by the two ma-
ritime powers. As we are not in a situation to discuss
the points of internal administration which the Govern-
ment journal applauds, we shall only turn our attention
to what regards the immense undertaking in which
Prance has now engaged her honour, Jaer -finances,
her army, and her blood. The Government, in order to
bring this undertaking to an honourable conclusion,
Particularly relies on the close alliance of France and
Ilangland. The Moniteur does not mention the names
(4 the German powers. It confines itself to remarking
that generals from all the Sfates of Germany have been
sent by their Governments to be present at the military
tnanceuvres of our camps. It thus supports itself on
the kind of European international verdict which has
solemnly condemned the ambition of the Czar. But it
is on this point, if we do not deceive ourselves, that the
article of the Moniteur becomes a kind of manifesto di-
rected not precisely against the powers of whom we have
just spoken, but against the absence of acts in support
of their first decision. All are convinced,' says the
official journal, ' that a prompt and energetic war is the
only means of re-establishing peace on solid bases ; that
in short this war, commanded not by a spirit of conquest,
but for the honour and safety of all, was not undertaken
until after Europe, represented in a sort of international
Grand Jury, had delivered unanimously against the
guilty aggressor a verdict which it would have been
disgraceful not to have executed. Nevertheless in spite
of the d:sg,race which there would have been in not exe-
cuting it against the ;guilty aggressor, the Moniteur only
mentions 'France and England as having resolutely
ranged themselves on the side of execution. France
and England could riot,' says the official journal, 'hold
back from that consequence. United for action as they
had been in council the two great maritime powers share
the glory of the vigorous resolution which forms the
security of the present and the guarantee of the future.'
But why are England and France alone to share that
glory of resolution and of action F Why have they not
been followed on the fields-of-battle by the German
Powers? What has prevented a verdict which has been
given unanimously from being executed unanimously I
What has prevented the guilty aggressor who has
been condemned by all from being also attacked by
all ? What is the reason that, in an enterprise
prompted by a sense of general honour and safety,

the whole of Europe has not taken part in the action,
as it took part in the censure ? On this subject as well
as on that of the German powers themselves, the Moni-
teur has thought it its duty to maintain silence. It ap-
pears to u.s, however, that it would have been interesting
for the country to know what calculation may be made
on the eventual attitude of Austria :and on that of
Prussia, and in what light for instance is to be regarded
the occupation of the Danubian province-, by the troops
of his Majesty Francis Joseph. Assuredly France and
England, united in a close alliance, may with reason,
we are convinced, pronounce the 211Pclea superest. They
may be without any fear as to the issue of the enterprise.
Their union alone inspires him who provoked the war,
with barbarous and senseless acts unworthy of true cou-
rage, and their union will, we hope, be sufficient to in-
sure victory. It is nut, therefore, we who will ever excite
the Government to seek per fax et nefas for an Austro-
Prussian alliance. The English alliance is sufficient for
us both as Frenchmen and as partisans of the revolution.
But we cannot prevent ourselves from observing that
the situation of Europe, if it should be prolonged, might
became anormal. There has been, as the Moniteur says,
a common judgment delivered, and has great interna-
tional verdict, up to the present time, has only been
carried into execution by France and England. Two
nations only fight for the safety of all. There is in this
a want of logic which cannot continue without prejudice
to those who have created such a state of things.
Austria, and more particularly Prussia, ought to reflect
on this. A power of the first order, when it is engaged
in council, cannot, without danger to its own influence
and to its own honour, refuse its action ; when judg-
ments have been passed, it cannot without incurring a
loss of esteem abandon to others the execution of
them."

The Revue de Deux Mondes takes the following
view of the course pursued by Austria in the
Eastern question : _ _ _

" Assuredly we have every confidence in the loyalty
of Austria, and do not suspect her of' an arriere-pensec.
She has given proofs of her good faith. She has even
given pledges that she will act in concert with us, by
lending her name, not, perhaps, without some regret, to
the conferences on Eastern affairs, thereby affording to
Russia an honourable and safe retreat. We can account
for her embarrassments, and respect her scruples. We
can also make every allowance for her methodical habits
in politics. All that is well, as far as it goes, but there
are others, as sensible and as moderate as ourselves—we
mean the crowd, who judge by facts, by instinct, who
are not always mistaken, who are sceptical and suspi-
cious, demanding acts, not words, and tempted on all
occasions to repeat those words of the poet—" La foi qui
n'agit point est-ce une foi sincere ?" Therefore, this
auditory, who follow the march of events with lively in-
terest, have at this moment, we must confess, serious
misgivings as to the result. They loudly applauded the
declaration of Bth August. They saw in it, even sup-
posing it to have no effect on Russia, a determination to
act with vigour and prudence, since our troops, with the
Turkish army in advance, being masters of the
Danube, could have easily united with the Austrian
army. It was generally supposed that, in the event
of Russia refusing to accept the four guarantees,
the Court of Vienna, after so many fruitless at-
tempts at conciliation, all her military preparations
being completed, with nothing to fear on the side
of Servia, Montenegro, and Bosnia, would have frankly
joined the alliance of the Western Powers, that she was
resolved beforehand to act with them in case it should
be the intention of Russia not to make the slightest
concession until compelled thereto. But they were
greatly mistaken. Austria had decided otherwise, for
without a moment's hesitation, without wasting time in
deliberating, contrary to her usual habits, she determined
not to consider the negative answer of Russia as a casus
belli. This resolution was adopted at Vienna, not only
with incredible promptitude, but, what is more extraor-
dinary, was published with the same rapidity. We can-
not take on ourselves to say whether the Governments
most interested were apprised of it before the newspapers
and the public, at least we may have some doubts on
the subject, as the news spread so rapidly. The Russians,
pre-occupied with our preparations for the expedition to
the Crimea, and dreading an open rupture with Vienna,
knew at once that they had nothing to fear from Aus-
tria, at least for the present. It was evident the Aus-
trians were about to enter the principalities, but Omer
Pasha was already at Bucharest, and, for a reason we
cannot explain, Prince Gortschak,,ff's army was retiring
behind the Pruth. Therefore, since there was to be no
collision, since the Austrians were not to pursue the
Russians into their own terrritory, the occupation of
Wallachia by the Austrian troops was of very little im-
portance as a political demonstration against Russia, and
does not sufficiently compensate for the embarrassments
and susceptibilities which it must cause both at Con-
stantinople and in the principalities.
"It is to be lipped, for the honour of Austria, that
she will not content herself with merely applauding the
removal of all obstacles to the free navigation of the
Danube, or with marching her soldiers into a territory
which no one contested, as it would not be a safe game
for her to play. We look for ward with great confidence
to the success of the expedition to the Crimea, and we
are convinced that our success is also desired at Vienna.
For that reason, it is not from fear of a check in that
direction, which would allow the Russians to re-enter
the Principalities or to threaten Gallicia, that we consi-
der the attitude assumed by Austria both injurious and
unaccountable, as it implies neither war nor penis. It
is because we think the capture of Sebastopol will not
put an end to the war, for, having to deal with a Power
so tenacious and proud as Russia, whose territory is
sheltered from all attacks, it will be of very little use to
strike a blow towards its extremities, no matter what
humiliation and damage might be the consequence. The
taking of Sebastopol would never insure peace. The
belligerents miL4lat be driven by the force of circumstances
and by reciprocal engagements to seek or to adopt
modes of warfare which they could not have anticipated.
Then will Austria haie cause to regret not having thrown
the weight of her sword into the scales. •She cannot
possibly expect to have the same weight when she did
not share the same dangers. And if, in the development
of a situation, of which nobody can foresee the issue, she
experienced embarrassments peculiar to the conditions
of her existence, can she expect support from Powers she
has not assisted in an enterprise, though she approves it,
and is already reaping the benefit of its success."