The Sun.
London, England, 1853-09-07 00:00:00

THE LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1853.

have lured thousands to Australia. Extraor-

Binary enterprises of an engineering kind are'
beginning to attract others towards Hindostan.
Similar, and, if possible, vaster projects will, we
rest assured, before long, induce yet larger num-
bers to traverse the Atlantic ocean for the pur-
pose of settling permanently among the luxuriant
vegetation of our North American territories.
Besides all which, it may be observed already,
that there are other projects of a singularly be-
neficent and auspicious character tempting the
energetic sons of England to seek their fortunes
far away, in some other of the many provinces
owning allegiance to our august Sovereign. Con-
spicuous in the midst of these noble schemes
cannot but be recognised by every impartial ob-
server•, that which has, within a comparatively
recent period, grown up out of the remote soil of
New Zealand, under the now well-known title of
the Canterbury Settlement.
As yet the enterprise set on foot by the Can-
terbury Association has been, it is true, so
far marred by a series of unaccountable blunders
(to employ the mildest expression) that the 300
land purchasers would appear, according to their
own showing, to have been " shamefully de-
frauded." Nevertheless, if but reasonably and
steadfastly guided in the course of its natural de-
velopment, the scheme would inevitably, we feel
convinced, attain a success such as would ulti-
mately realise the hopes formerly cherished by the
more reasonable supporters of the Canterbury
Settlement. The land selected is excellent—the
plan sketched out is admirable—the object kept
in view from the outset is eminently noble
and beautiful in itself, besides being obviously,
on the very face of it, capable, if rightly pur-
sued, of speedy and complete attainment. No-
thing is required, in fact, but honour in the
founders of the Association, and honesty in their
responsible agents—good faith towards the land
purchasers, and punctuality in fulfilling in their
behalf every one of the originally stipulated en-
gagements. It was not long ago that we insisted
in these columns upon the culpability of the
leaders of the Association. That culpability, we
believe, may be readily enough obliterated by
certain absolutely requisite acts of reparation. It
is due, however, to those adventurous men who
have actually embarked in the enterprise, that we
should add to this opinion our conviction that the
original project itself admits at this moment of
entire realisation. It may be permitted to us,
therefore---while we condemn the misconduct of
those who, after founding the Association, per-
versely deceived the land-purchasers—to cherish
a hope that good may yet come from this
Canterbury Settlement : satisfied that that
good has only to be sought after with honour,
honesty, and perseverance, to be at once dis-
covered and afterwards multiplied a thousand-
fold.

Elaborate judgments have recently been pro-
nounced by a large majority of the judicial
authorities of the Superior Courts of common law,
and also of the Law Lords who usually take part
in the proceedings of the highest tribunal in the
United Kingdom, on the subject of conditions
framed in accordance with the caprices of in-
dividuals which are opposed to the general
good of the community, or, in legal parlance,
are " contrary to public policy." The questions
raised in such cases are generally of " the first
impression," without any established precedent to
help the presiding Judge in arriving at a conclu-
sion on the subject. His ordinary functions are,
therefore, ex necessitate, materially extended. It
is not sufficient that he should act as the con-
scientious interpreter of existing codes—that he
should rule in accordance with the dictates of the
common and statute law of the land—he must do
far more. He must, for the time being, assume
the place of an absolute Monarch, determining
what is just and proper under peculiar circum-
stances previously unprovided for ; and if he sees
that the attempt made, if successful, would be
prejudicial to the general welfare.
This extraordinary power is founded on the
well-established and indisputable maxim, " Sic
utere tuo ut alienum non loedas.7l, this is the
only restriction placed upon the rights of pro-
perty. He may " do as he likes with his own,"
provided that he do not injure any individual or
body of individuals in the attempt. To give juris-
diction, it is essential that there should be some
hiatus—some deficiency in the law—that, as we
have stated, the matter should previously " have
been unprovided for." If Parliament had legis-
lated on the matter even in the most ridiculous
manner, the Judge could not interfere if there
were any enactment whatsoever whereby he might
form an opinion as to the legislative intention of
any provision of the unwritten law within which
the matter could be brought. Then the judicial
authority is abrogated ; and whatever may be
the opinion of the Judge as to the expediency of
the enactment or provision, he is bound to decide
in accordance with the higher authority—which
cannot be controverted or disputed.
The conflict in all these cases has, however,
been between the will of an individual and the
good of the community. There has never been a
clashing of legislative enactments, or an attempt
to show that an act of a duly-constituted legisla-
tive assembly, authorised to make laws for the
governance of any community, is unconstitutional,
and, therefore, null and void ; or that a single
judge could overrule the provisions of a special
enactment of a body whose powers were recog-
nised and acknowledged. Such, however, is the
effect of the decision by Judge MACLEAN in the
case Of WASHINGTON M 4QUERNY, Who was seized
in the State of Ohio, as a fugitive slave from
Kentucky, and, after an elaborate argument, given
up to his master, and forcibly removed from the
place in which he had taken refuge, and in which
lie had exercised all the rights and privileges of a
freeman for several successive years.
It is unnecessary•to dwell on the minor points
relied on in the course of the argument. We
are, unfortunately, but too well aware of the
existence of slavery in the State of Kentucky to
cavil at the want of proof thereof. Nor should a
case of such importance, where interests of such
magnitude are involved in the result, be decided
on a quibble. The broad ground was, that the
law of the State was opposed to the federal law of
Congress, and the question to be decided was
which should prevail ? Whether, in fact, the
sovereignty of Ohio was merged in that of the
United States so far that the ordinances framed
by its own Council for observance within its own
boundaries can be set aside by one carried by the
votes of tire representatives of slave-holding States
in Congress. Even this, however, may be, and
has been narrowed by Judge MACLEAN himself,
who admits that " the States could not be com-
pelled to give up fugitives by a law of
Congress ;" adding, " But the provision is found
in the Constitution, the organic law of the land,
and it is more than a recommendation." On
Ruch grounds the Learned Judge decided in favour
01 the claimant, and also that the unfortunate
fucritive
should. remainin in the custody of his for-
mer master
master could
insti-
tuted i
-la the Supreme
the appeal about to be insti-
rule Court. As the claim of the
hundred dollars, have
been satisfied for twelve
himself to subscribe ads which he was willing
decision
.dsalars, it would seem as
would have
cannot call it the jUStiee-
if, until the ultimate
l""were given, security
mett o thatthe
exigencies—we amount w
been sufficient to have
ruled. otherwise,
of the case. It was, however,
and WASHINGTON M`QUERNY was conveyed
across the Ohio River, and lodged in Covington
Gaol, to await not the conclusion of the suitligltZ
the convenience of his owner, until he was ready
to proceed to his home, with full liberty to work,
flog, or otherwise maltreat poor WASHINGTON, as
he may think proper.
' stitutional grounds (!),
It will be seen from the above that the de-
cision was made on (.0)/ -
r he L
very different, indeed,
fi.oul t J
principles on which our Ow
ord ConstitutiMANsFlELD
onal
declared, that " the moment a
slave set his foot
on British ground, he was
thenceforth and
for ever free." The American Constitution, then,
is apparently based on slavery ; while that of
England is founded on freedom. Will our Trans-
atlantic brethren, who fondly imagine that they
have ignored slavery by the law of the individual

States of which they are citizens, and that they
are thus exempted from the brand, consent to this
adjudication, which renders them, despite their
own enactments, liable to the foul imputation
that makes them the abettors and favourers of
slavery in its most abominable form, and compels
them to deliver up the claimant on their hospi-
tality, who for a series of years had maintained an
honest and irreproachable life amongst them. We
do not believe that such will be the case, or that
the citizens of Ohio will permit the blot to remain
on their escutcheon, at all events without resorting
to the most energetic means for its speedy and
complete removal.

THE LATE SIR C. NAPIER.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—AII the journals which have recently no-
ticed the life of my brother, the late Sir C. Napier,
have fallen into one and the same error, which it is
incumbent on me to amend. I mean the statement
that to the late Marshal Soult he owed his liberty
at Corunna. It was not so. Marshal Soult treated
him with great kindness, and would, no doubt,
have continued to do so, but he marched from
Corunna three days after the battle, leaving Sir C.
Napier to the care of Marshal Ney, who protected
him for several months, and finally gave him his
liberty.

The circumstances deserve to be repeated, as
showing the generous temper of Ney. His aid-
de-camp, Captain Clouet, reported that a frigate
had sent a flag of truce to inquire "if Major Napier
was living ?" " Tell them yes 1 and that he is well
—let him be seen." Captain Clouet looked ex-
pressively at the Marshal, and said, "He has an
aged mother—a widow." " Let him go himself
then to tell her he is alive," was the response ; and
with Major Napier he sent 25 English soldiers,
who had been badly wounded and left behind.
I trust, sir, that you and the other editors of the
evening journals, who have attributed the act to
Marshal Soult, will give this rectification—that
Marshall•l ey's widow and sons may know, his gene-
rous kindness neither has, nor will, be forgotten
by Sir C. Napier's family.—l remain, sir, your
obedient servant,
W. NAPIER, Lieut.-General.
Oaklands, Sept. 6, 1853.

THE *WELLINGTON MONUMENT, GUILD-

HALL.

Yesterday a private inspection took place of the
models sent in by competitors for designing the
tablet proposed to be placed in Guildhall, in
memory of the late Duke of Wellington, and
which will occupy a niche corresponding with that
where the monument to the immortal Nelson is
erected. They are all of them most interesting
and appropriate, displaying great artistic skill,
combined with correct taste. There is one of con-
siderable merit, which embodies in a single repre-
sentation the triumphant career of the lamentable
hero, elevated on a crested summit. The illus-
trious Duke, whose likeness is strikingly preserved,
is mounted on a charger, holding in his right hand
a Field Marshal's Baton, in the attitude of pursuing
and driving before him two figures, one of which
represents War, and the other Desolation. The
latter is depicted by a crown of chains on its head ;
and around its neck, and on its breast a couple of
snakes are entwined, in defeating whom he is sup-
posed to facilitate, and permit, the advance of
Peace and Science, represented by an Angel and a
Youth of charming expressions, who appear to pace
forward in the conqueror's wake, and on the re-
treating steps of the subdued with demeanours at
once dignified and composed. Immediately be-
neath these, on the right and left, are emblems of
Britannia and Commerce, bearing all their insignia,
both countenances beaming with a radiant smile of
pride for his success, mingled with that of grief for
his loss. Between the two is placed the Ducal
Coronet, and underneath is written—" Wellington,
Gloria Patria."

DUBLIN CASTLE.—It is stated that the Queen, previ-
ous to her departure from Dublin, gave directions to
have the principal apartments of Dublin Castle newly
decorated, and other material improvements made in
the internal arrangements, preparatory to a repetition
of her Majesty's visits to this country.
MADRAS IRONWORKS.—The East Indian Iron Com-
pany have announced that they have at length obtained
from the East India Company an exclusive concession
for carrying on ironworks in the presidency of Madras,
similar to that originally granted to the Indian Iron
end Steel Company, whose establishments are to pass
into their hands, under an agreement that no profits are
to be divided, until the shareholders in the new com-
pany receive 7 per cent. The later operations at th•
work show, it is stated, a considerable gain upon the
iron sold above the cost at which it can be produced,
and when the new organisation shall have commenced
the supply for the great railway works now in contem-
plation throughout India is looked to as a constant
source of occupation, irrespective of the steady demand
from other quarters.
ST. PETERSBURG.—The advices from St. Petersburg
mention a further very unfavourable movement of the
rate of exchange on London, the quotation being 398 d.
to 1. This is owing to the large purchases of wheat
made at that city, as well as at Odessa, and will be
followed by increased remittances of gold from Eng-
land, unless they are prevented by the prospect of
the rise being entirely of a temporary character, and
the calculations as to the effect likely to be produced
by the coin already sent. The Odessa accounts state
that, although the intelligence of the renewed advance
in the London market had only just arrived, the pur-
chases of wheat during the past week, which had been
almost exclusively for the Mediterranean, had reached
66,000 quarters, at prices ranging from 375. 3d. to 41s.
Up to the 14th of August the total shipments from
Odessa during the present year had been about 475,000 I
quarters to the United Kingdom, 14,000 to Holland
and Belgium, and 370,000 to the Mediterranean. The
quantity at present on the way from Odessa to Eng-
land is not considered to be more than about 60,000
quarters.
AMSTERDAM AND ROTTERDAM PRODUCE MARKETS.—
The weekly reviews from the Amsterdam and Rotter-
dam Produce Markets state that business continued
inactive. The operations in coffee were, however, suf-
ficient to support prices, and sugar, raw and refined,
showed no alteration. Rice had been purchased rather
more freely ; indigo was maintained, and dried fruits
brought full quotations.
PRICE OF GOLD.—The quotation of gold at Paris is
about 3 per mine discount (according to the last tariff ),
which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 104 d. per
ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25.091 ;
and, the exchange at Paris on London at short being
24.971, it follows that gold is about 0.48 per cent.
dearer in Paris than in London. By advices from Ham-
burg the price of gold is 4251 per mark, which, at the
English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 101 d. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 13.51 ; and, the
exchange at Hamburg on London at short being 13.31,
it follows that gold is 0.65 per cent, dearer in Hamburg
than in London. The course of exchange at New York
on London for bills at 60 days' sight is 109,E per cent.,
and, the par of exchange between England and America.
being 109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the exchange
is nominally 0.33 per cent. against England ; the pre-
sent rate does not therefore admit of the transmission of
gold either way between England and America.
HARVEST IN IRELAND.—The favourable change in the
weather has already been productive of the most bene-
ficial results, and harvest operations, which had been
suspended during the recent heavy rains, are now re-
sumed with great energy in all parts of the country.
A few days more of wet might have been disastrous,
as the fields of ripe corn were exhibiting symptoms
of sprouting, and there were serious apprehensions
about the potato, which have heretofore escaped
the old and much-dreaded distemper. The setting
in of fine autumnal weather at this very criti-
cal period of the harvest, will be the means of
preventing losses to an incalculable amount, and of
securing, with the blessing of Providence, a full aver-
I age produce of grain, with a great abundance of pota-
toes, very fine in flavour and quality, and much more
nutritious than that esculent has been since the first ap-
pearance of the blight in 1845. Public confidence is
rising with the improved prospects of the harvest.
CRYSTAL PALACE AT NEW YORK.—AII the English
commissioners have sailed except Professor Wilson, and
the mission of those who have gone has been nearly a
failure. No one of the departments of the Crystal Pa-
lace on which they were to bestow their special attention
was complete at the time expected. Mr. Dilke sailed
last Saturday, his stay being shortened by illness in his
family at home. Professor Wilson is thus left alone,
and, although after his return from his western explora-
tions he has been constantly occupied in the Palace, yet
his special department is still very incomplete. Class 1,
minerals, &c., is not yet opened, and the others are only
half-filled. Class 2, chemicals, &c., makes the best show,
both the United States and Continental contributions
being creditable. Professor Wilson will remain here until
the end of September, having been invited to attend the
Agricultural State Fair of New York at Saratoga, and to
give a lecture there on the cultivation of flax. Thence
he goes to Montreal, to attend the meeeting of the
Agricultural and Industrial Association of Lower
Canada, which is held the week succeeding the New
York State meeting. From Montreal he proceeds to
ret
Hamilton, where the Upper Canada agricultural meet-
ing
middle
'
takes place this year, during the first week of Oc-
tober. He will then spend some time in the manufac-
turing districts of Massachusetts, and sail for England
aboutt
edth that of
blundering October.
m a
nlatg
eis m
ednetepolyt
the
to be re
gt
Exhi-
bition should h
the British ave so far defeated the generous plan of
•
, Government in sending out its commis-
sionersfor, active they
general as have b as have been, and wide and
it will be entirely been their observations on this country,
report as was origineaylnd their power to present such a
contemplated.
MUTINY IN AN ENGLISH
at Gibraltar an English
VESSEL.—There i 3 now lying
vwerg, the Maltese part of the
crew of which mutinied
to murder their shipmates. seveatra sea, and endeavoured
the remainder have been sent to • men
were
shot'
and prison at Gibraltar

MONEY MARKET

AND
CITY INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.

The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at from 4,000 to 5,000 bales, of which
1,500 American were taken for export. The mar-
ket closed extremely quiet, with prices of all kinds
but little changed. The sales comprised 40 Pernam
and Maranham, at 7d.; 100 Egyptian, at 6/d. to
7d.; 400 Surat, at lid. to 3id.; 100 Sea Island,
at 2s. to 35., and the remainder American. Rail-
way Shares were very dull, at a decline of -/ per
cent. on all the transactions of the day.
Owing to the large foreign arrivals, the Corn
Market is heavy to-day, and the millers will only
purchase at a decline.

-
The official returns of the trade and navigation
of the United Kingdom have been made up fur
the month and seven months ending August 5.
The month's imports, compared with the like
date of 1852, show an increase under the head of
live animals, cocoa, coffee, grain, fruit, bacon,
butter, seeds, silks, spices, sugar, tea, timber,
tobacco, and wme. In flour, spirits, and tallow,
there was a decrease.

The exports of the month were respectively as
follows :--
1852 £6,589,168
1853 7,995,086

Increase .................... £1,405,918

The articles which exhibit the greatest increase
are—cotton manufactures from 1,863,4181. to
2,167,0461., earthenware, haberdashery, hardware,
linen, bar iron, silks, and woollens.
The vessels employed during the month in the
foreign trade of the United Kingdom represents
the totals subjoined :—.

1852. 1853.
TONS. TONS.
Inwards 740,005 ... 892,983
Outwards 655,351 ... 745,567

In this increase British ships largely participated.
The vessels reported inwards at the Custom-
house are unusually large in number within the
last two days from the northern parts of Europe,
and these are heavily laden with grain. Although
oats form a large proportion of the cargo, there is
a good deal of wheat on board. Timber, another
commodity for which the demand is brisk, has also
been received in some quantity. If our wants, in
the shape of food, are nearly as extensive as is
reported, all these supplies, and more, may be
needed, but the good effect of their steady intro-
duction will be to keep down prices to a moderate
limit. It appears by the advices from Odessa that
the shipments to England have not been by any
means large, speaking relatively to the alleged de-
ficiency in our crops, but this may arise from the
difficulty that has been experienced in getting ves-
sels, and from the obstacles imposed by the
unsettled state of the Eastern question. At St.
Petersburgh the rate of exchange has become
still more unfavourable for England, and a liberal
exportation of gold from this side is, consequently,
to be looked for until the balance is turned.
It frequently happens, prior to the close of
the navigation, that there is an extra demand
for bills to liquidate shipments pressed forward
from Russia at the last moment to this side,
but there will be very little movement during
the winter. A rumour that preparations are now
making for a new Austrian loan, possesses no im-
portance here, as it is improbable that any amount
would be subscribed by London capitalists when
money is dear and the future uncertain. The Go-
vernment at Vienna has but one resource, namely,
to raise the sum required at home, and to exercise
greater economy.
In New Brunswick the hay crop was very light.
Some alarm is felt at Miramichi lest the lumbering
operations of next winter should be limited owing
to the short supply of hay, and in that quarter
farmers already speak of killing off a portion of
their stock before winter. Great exertions will be
made to secure marsh hay, and every description
of wild hay, but the scarcity and high price of la-
bour will be against any extensive operations with
these.

Bills of Exchange drawn here upon the prin-
cipal Continental cities were taken yesterday after-
noon at a slight advance on Hamburgh, 13 61
to I, at former rates on Paris 25 171 to 20, at a
decline on Trieste to 10 57 and 54, and on Am-
sterdam to 11 171 and 17, all at 90 days' date.
The English funds are exceedingly heavy, and
as the answer of the Emperor of Russia is now
hourly expected, and the settlement of the ac-
count takes place to-morrow, speculation is very
inert. As to the assertion that Savings Bank
Stock is being sold in order to invest the proceeds in
the floating debt, the immense loss that would accrue
where one pays such a large interest comparedwith the
other, scarcely needs to be pointed out, even if the
Chancellor of the Exchequer were justified in re-
sorting to such an extraordinary proceeding. We
look upon the statement as a mere Bear report,
but mention it because of the general currency it
has received. Consols have been 97 to 97i for
transfer, and 972 to k for October. The New 3/-
per Cents. bring 1001 to 2., and the 3 per Cents.
972 to 98. Bank Stock has declined to 2272 and
2262. Exchequer Bills are higher, being 2s. dis-
count to ar. East India Bonds have been at 10s.
to 13s. premium. South Sea New Annuities are
p
at 992.
Foreign Securities are rather more dealt in. The
Spanish Three per Cents, have been quoted 47#,
and the Deferred 23, beim_
g each a shade lower.
The Passive Converted have been at 5i ; Russian
Four-and-a-Half per Cents. have been marked
1011 ; and Dutch are 642 to 652. Mexican Bonds
are steady at 261-i Grenada Deferred are quoted
; Portuguese our per Cents. are about 441 to
451.
Railway Shares are heavy, and the business
doing is of no importance. The French lines are
a shade lower, and the Indian neglected.
The Gold Mine Shares have been purchased at
favourable rates for the buyers, and the Bank of
Australasia shares are lower again.
A further decline has occurred in the shares of
the Australian Agricultural Company.
The East Indian Iron shares are called 4s. to Gs.
The meeting is still in progress and very satisfac-
tory statements are made as to the prospects.
Jamaica Mine 2to 22 prem. Metcalfe 21 to 22
prem. Sue River 2to g prem., and Port Royal
to 1 premium.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY.
the Official List.)
Business done.
Bank 5t0ck.......... . 227 6
• •••
.....• •
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities .. ••
—***"
98
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 97171
New 34 per Cent. Annuities l°°
4
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860 , — "
Dittc 30 Years, Expire 10th Oct., 1859
India Stock . .„ ..... . 54i
India Bonds, ...... : ......... 2
...... 10'. 13

South Sea New Annuities
Consols for Account Bth September 971 7
Exchequer Bills, id.
£1000
£5OO 2 d par
Small 2 d par

PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent
Ditto Small
Cuba 7 per Ct. (Matanzs. & Sabanilla Bonds) 1021
Chilian Bonds, 6 per Cent ....... ..........
Grenada Bonds, Deferred
Mexican 3 per Cent.
Ditto for the Account
Russian Bonds, 5 per Cent.
Ditto 4.4 per Cent.
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 47
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent. 23
Ditto Passive (Converted)
Swedish 4 per Cent 941 p

Dividends on the above payable in London.
Belgian .q per Cent.
Dutch Exchange, 2 per Cent . ... 65 x(1

THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols 97 i
Ditto September Account 97 i

DISTRAINING FROM THE PERSON.—On Wednesday last
Henry Day, a County Court deputy bailiff, was accused
before the borough magisterial bench with stealing from
the person of a young man named Thomas Hanbury,
of Borrowash, a half-sovereign and four half-crowns.
From
it appeared
evidence adduced in support of the prosecu-
tion, appeared that about half-past 10 o'clock that
morning Hanbury was standing in the Market-place, in
conversation with two or three persons, when the bailiff
approached and asked two of the party if they could
change a sovereign. On receiving a negative answer,
the prisoner made a similar application to Hanbury. In
order to comply with the bailiff's request, the prosecutor
took a purse from his pocket, and was in the aot of
tendering the change, when Day seized a half-sovereign
and four half-crowns, which he placed in his pocket.
He then struggled with the prosecutor for his purse, but
did not succeed in obtaining it. Hanbury immediately
obtained the assistance of the police, and the prisoner
was conveyed to the police-office. In answer to the
charge, it was stated that a warrant of distress had been
issued against the prosecutor's goods and chattels,
which had, however, been disposed of by Hanbury
himself, and that, in consequence of not
being able to
obtain either', money or goods, the bailiff had been in-
structed to act in the manner he had done ; but he de-
nied having obtained the money which he had been
accused of stealing. By the request of Mr. Coope, the
prisoner's attorney, the case was remanded until Friday,
and Day was admitted to bail. —Nottinghamshire
Guardian.

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS.

FRANCE.

According to the Debats, it required great soli-
citation, perhaps something more, on the part of
the representatives of the four great powers to in-
duce the Porte to accept the note drawn up at
Vienna, and even when it was accepted with mo-
difications the Porte felt it necessary to complain of
its
difference way in which it had been forced to settle
difference with Russia, and to demand from the
four powers a positive guarantee against any ad-
vantage being taken by Russia of the concessions
which the Porte has been compelled to make to
her. With its habitual reserve on all great ques-
tions, the Debats gives this news without comment.
The Univers, however, which has received the same
information as the Debats, does not hesitate to ex-
press its disapprobation of the course pursued by
the four powers, and to predict again, as it has
done several times, disastrous results from what it
regards as a departure from dignity. In the ac-
count given by the Debats and the Univers, we
have another proof of the necessity of receiving
with great caution the news which is given in the
German papers. A few days ago, they assured us
that Colonel Ruff had arrived at Vienna with an
autograph letter from the Sultan to the Emperor
of Austria full of gratitude for the admirable results
of his mediation. It is now more than probable
that Colonel Ruff was the bearer of the complaint
alluded to.

We read in the Moniteur :—" It has been an-
nounced by a journal that the French Government
was about to make purchases of corn. This sup-
position is absolutely false. The results of the
harvest are not yet known, but the Government
is convinced that the deficiency which it may show
will be made up by the trade acting alone and
without impediments. Far from wishing to thwart
its action and compete against it, which would be
senseless conduct, the Government will only inter-
fere to assist by general measures, equal for all
parties, and which assure the liberty and security
of its operations, and render more easy the tran-
sport and distribution of corn in the interior. The
different decrees, which have successively abolished
certain prohibitions, reduced entrance duties, and
suppressed tonnage dues, were published in this
spirit, and what is calculated to tranquillize the
public mind is, that having been issued at an op-
portune moment, in order to allow foreign com-
merce to take advantage of the fine weather, their
efficacy begins to be already felt in our ports. It
is by such measures, tending to protect energeti-
cally and facilitate private industry, that the State
will usefully exercise its action. The two decrees
published to-day, relative to internal navigation
and the railways, are a fresh proof of its constant
solicitude in this respect."
The Moniteur contains a decree authorising such
railway companies as shall reduce their charges for
the carriage of corn, flour, and potatoes from this
time to the 31st December next to again raise them
after that period to the limits of the maximum
authorised by their Cahiers des Charges without
waiting for the delays therein enacted. Another
decree states that until the 31st December next, all
boats laden entirely with corn, flour, rice, potatoes,
or dry vegetables shall be exempt on all rivers and
canals belonging to the State from all the naviga-
tion dues usually charged. Where canals have
been conceded to companies the same exemption
will be made and an account kept of the amount of
the dues which are thus given up. Foreign ves-
sels may until the same period enjoy the same ex-
emption on all the rivers and canals of France,
provided their cargo consists of the above-men-
tioned articles. This exemption will be enjoyed by
all French and foreign vessels whatever may be the
date of their arrival, provided they leave their
place of shipment previous to the 31st December
next.

A letter from Dieppe of the 4th says :—" The
Empress has just given 15,000 f. to the Seamen's
Mutual Aid Fund, which act of liberality is the
great topic of conversation here to-day. The Em-
peror, after a walk this morning on the jetty, ac-
companied the Empress to St. Remy, where several
pieces of sacred music were executed, under the
direction of M. Vervoitte, chapel-master to the
Metropolitan Church of Rouen. On the return of
their Majesties, the Emperor again walked on the
jetty, and witnessed the arrival of a Norwegian
vessel, laden with timber. The crew learning who
it was, cheered him as the vessel entered, and the
Emperor returned the salute by taking off his hat.
The Emperor had scarcely withdrawn when the
Rouen steamer on entering the harbour came
against the timber-work of the jetty, stove in one
of the paddle-boxes, and did other damage in all
to the extent of 20,000 f. A friend of mine took
me this evening to see Alexandre Lefevre, whose
career has been marked by saving the lives of so
many men. He spoke in the most moving terms
of the kindness of the Emperor to him. ' How
long is it, Lefevre,' said the Emperor, ' since I
decorated you, and how many men have you saved
since ?" Sire,' replied Lefevre, when you gave
me the Cross, I was at my 37th, and since then, 1
have saved 7 more, which makes 44 in all.' When
you arrive at 50,' said the Emperor, I will make
you officer of the Order.' M. Haussman, Prefect
of the Seine, left to-day for Paris. It is said that
the ball which is to be given by the town to their
Majesties will be magnificent."
The amusing and sometimes very satirical writer
in the Debats, M. John Lemoinne, to whom may
be said to be assigned in that journal the depart-
ment of English affairs, avails himself of a criti-
cism in an English paper on the proceedings in
Belgium connected with the marriage of the Duke
of Brabant, to repeat the advice given to persons
who live in glass houses not to indulge in the pas-
time of throwing stones.
M. Troplong, the President of the Senate, has
written a letter to the Emperor, to acquaint him
with the dissatisfaction created in several agricul-
tural districts, by the suppression of wine shops
and places of amusement by order of the Prefects.
M. Troplong, who was supported in his representa-
tions by several Bonapartist deputies, remarked to
the Emperor that the peasants constituted the
class which had retained an enthusiastic love for
the Imperial dynasty with the greatest tenacity.
Considerable uneasiness appeared to prevail
amongst the few speculators at the Bourse yester-
day, in consequence of the delay in the conclusion
of the Eastern question, and likewise on account
of the cold and stormy weather, which leaves very
little chance for the vintage to arrive at maturity.
Under these depressing circumstances, the Three
per Cents, which opened at 79f. 20c., fell to 78f.
90c., at which they closed for the end of the month.
The Four-and-a-Half per Cents. closed at 104 f.
90c. ; Orleans Railway Shares, 1,265 f. ; Rouen,
1,112 f. 50c. ; Havre, 520 f. ; Great Northern,
888 f. 75c. ; Paris and Strasburg, 950 f. ; Paris and
Lyons, 955 f. ; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 807 f.
50c. ; Western of France, 760 f. ; Bordeaux and
Cette, 632 f. 50c. ; Great Central, 555 f. ; Lyons
and Geneva, 560 f. ; Sardinian, Victor Emmanuel
500 f. ; Shares of the Bank of Credit Mobilier,
847 f. 50c.

but letters worthy of credit affirm that the following
is its purport :—The Ministers of the Sultan, after
complaining in bitter terms of the indifference of
Europe and of the little regard which the acts of
the Conference of Vienna seemed to pay to their
dignity and rights, declare that the modifications
which they have made are the indispensable con-
dition of their adhesion to the project of Vienna,
and that in addition, as a compensation for the
extent of the sacrifices which they have made in
this conjuncture to the cause of peace, they ask
from Europe an act to guarantee the Ottoman
Empire for the future against the possible conse-
quences which Russia might want to draw from the
note which they have been so eagerly pressed to
sign."

Intelligence from St. Petersburg," says the
Debats, "is still looked for. It is thought that
the dispatches making known the decision of the
Emperor relative to the modifications of the Porte
will arrive this day, the 6th, at Berlin, and be con-
sequently known at Paris on the Bth, at latest."
In order to relieve the public Exchequer of the
expenses of the military educational establishments,
the Emperor has ordered 700,000 silver roubles
from the two savings' banks in Petersburg and
Moscow to be invested, and the interest to be paid
over to the military school. The manceuvres at
Krasko-Selo were brought to an end by a grand
parade, held by the Emperor on the 27th August,
and the troops after a day's rest returned to St.
Petersburg. It was expected at the time the last
packet left there, that the Emperor would soon set
off to inspect the troops concentrated at Warsaw,
and from thence visit Germany. The ships of war
that were built last year have now completed their
rigging, and have put out for a cruise of evolution.
At the source of the river Alkma, in Siberia, where
till lately no human foot had strayed, on the banks
of the Lena, and also in a tract of land between
the rivers Witim and Olckma there have been
found rich deposits of gold, which will, it is said,
furnish occupation for many thousands of labourers
for a period.