The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-07 00:00:00

THE FRENCH EIVI NUE

The Government appears to be anxious to put an
end to the unfounded but not the less prejudicial
rumours that have been current of the existence of
ideas or projects opposed to the declaration that it
has made, of its determination to do everthing con-
sistent with honour to maintain the peace of
Europe. Every act of the Emperor has been indi-
cative of his desire for peace ; his decrebs in favour
of industrial enterprise, railroads, docks, mortgage
banks, palace of industry, all alike dependent on
peace for a successful result, are proofs that he had
no desire for war, and are practical illustrations of
the sincerity of his professions. To judge the Go-
vernment by its acts, therefore, there ought to be
no uneasiness in the minds of the advocates of
peace ; but it is certain that much has been created
by insinuations in quarters where they ought not to
have existed. An official repudiation of one of the
attempts to excite a feeling for war has appeared in
the Moniteur, and if other attempts had not been
noticed in the same way it was because they had
not assumed a form which rendered official dis-
avowal necessary. The semi-official journals, how-
ever, are doing what the Moniteur abstains from,
evidently because the Government will not attach
too much importance to the rumours in question.
The Constitutionnel yesterday had a long article,
showing that peace is the policy of the Emperor,
and that there is nothing in the state of Europe to
render war probable. The article, though written
with great vigour, is exceedingly long, but the fol-
lowing portion of it will no doubt prove most in-
teresting to the English reader
" When France is satisfied the world is at peace.
Thus Napoleon 111. expressed himself at Bordeaux in
that magnificent harangue which was the programme of
the second Empire. Facts now confirm this national
and prophetic language, which, while promising peace
to Europe, raised the action of France so high. France
is satisfied, because she no longer fears the spectacle of
Communism, because she has morally recovered from
the disasters of 1814 and 1815, because she has crowned
the man of her choice, because she has re-established a
popular dynasty on the throne, and raised onits basis a
patriotic Government, and she is satisfied because the
world is tranquil. Let a glance be thrown over the map
of Europe, and let us be told on what point of the
horizon the slightest cloud can be seen. Across the strait
which separates them England extends a friendly hand
to France, a reciprocal esteem has replaced their mutual
feelings of enmity—their rivalry has become emulation.
Now, as formerly, France and England dream of fresh
conquests and of new struggles, but these conquests
and these struggles are not those which entail ruin on
nations, and decimate the people. All the ardour
and intelligence of the two nations is turned towards
the pacific battles which civilisation wages against
barbarism in the vast fields of science and industry.
Doubtless the vessels of England and of France may
meet on the same seas and on the same shores, but it
will be no longer to combat and destroy each other. To
explore seas, to colonise countries, to civilise people, to
work mines, to clear land, and to open markets, and
that is what the fleets which leave the ports of the
Channel will henceforth seek to effect ; they will carry
more workmen than soldiers ; they will be less laden
with arms and ammunition than with instruments of
labour, and with bales of merchandise. On this ground
the victory will belong not to the strongest, but to the
most intelligent and most active ; and what will result
from this competition will be no longer the ravages and
misfortunes of war, but the advantages of industry and
the conquests of civilisation, which always turn to the
profit of the human race. in the south and in the north
there is nothing which threatens Europe with those corn
plications which are calculated to excite a fear that

the peace of the world may be disturbed. We every-
where see the most profound repose ; a repose which
each government employs to consolidate order and
strengthen authority, and which each nation devotes
to develope the sources of its riches, and to increase
the sum of its intelligence. Spain, Portugal, and
Italy, under different characters, and with different
means, exert all the efforts of this twofold object, to
conciliate at home the spirit of conservatism with the
spirit of progress, and to ally abroad the national honour
with European peace. Thus Prussia, Austria, and
Russia, after the example of the powers of the second
rank, bail in the Emperor the elect of a great nation
and the saviour of Christian civilisatiou. It is no longer
looks of terror but of benediction which Prussia, Aus-
tria, and Russia direct towards the Government of
France, for they well know that this Government has
spared them from one of those terrible struggles which
no one is ever sure of surviving. Europe is neither so
blind nor so ungrateful as not to hail with sympathy the
Government which preserves it, and the man who saves
it ; it is on the contrary as clearsighted as• grateful, and
it proves it by the sincerity of the marks of esteem and
of friendship which it gives to France in the person of
her sovereign. There is therefore not the slightest germ
of war either in the present or in the future, and unless
in the case of one of those unforeseen events which dis-
concert all the provisions of human wisdom, civilised
Europe is assured of one of those durable periods of
peace which give time for great ideas to ripen, and for
great things to be accomplished ; for grand works to be
completed, and for grand enterprises to fructify."
The Pays adopts a similar tone, and nearly the
whole of its first page is filled with a letter from
M. Capefigue, in the form of a leading article, and
the object of which is also to show the importance
of a peace policy, and the little danger that exists
of its being disturbed. It is evident, therefore,
that there is a manifest disposition on the part of
the Government and people of France to remain
at peace with all the world, but more particularly,
it would seem, with England and America.
The Moniteur states that " the Emperor
received on Wednesday at the Tuileries, from M.
de Kisseleff, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the Emperor of all
the Russias, the letters which confirm him in his
position at the Court of the Emperor of the French.
M. de Kisseleff was conveyed to the audience of

the Emperor in a carriage of the Court, and was
presented to his Majesty by the master of the
ceremonies introducer of Ambassadors. The Mi-
nisters of the United States,
Bava-
ria, Tuscany, Hanover, Baden, and Saxony, have
also received their new letters of credence, and
will be immediately admitted to present them to
his Majesty." — - Wurtemberg,

The Germanic Diet has not yet recognised
in the
usual diplomatic form the French Empire with its
Emperor Napoleon 111. But the Diet has taken
all the preliminary steps which were necessary to
bring about this result. It expects that an Im-
perial Ambassador will present letters of credence
to it, and at the same time the formal recognition
will take place. It is evident that this line of con-
duct has been prescribed to the Diet, and this is
the reason why the Diet informed M. de Tallenay
that it expected that an Ambassador from France
would be accredited to it. We learn that the
letters of credence will soon arrive, and that they
will be addressed to M. de Tallenay.
The same journal contains decrees of the Em-
peror, approving of modifications made in tha
statutes of different insurance companies at Pari3,
Melun, Bordeaux, and Toulouse .
and another de-
cree authorises the Society of Mutual Assurance
against the non-success of cocoons of silk-worms
recently formed at Valence.

-The Moniteur upon the same subject remarks,
"that a report has been current that the Govern-
ment intended to establish a general system of
general insurance by the State.ln its just
solici-
tude for everything that affects the general inte-
rests of the country, the Government had included
this question among those which it has caused to
be examined ; but after this examination it has
decided that the present state of things would be
maintained. The interests which the report in
therefore, be com-
pletely
questiontrhanadquilalarmed may now,
on the Plebiscite
forWthh
eenEthme tuprierefvns ereofdethelearveoatebsy
the Legislative
Body they were not quite complete. Those which
were wanting from Algeria and the Navy have
since arrived, and the total number (those of the
distant Colonies have still to be received) is pub-
lished by the Moniteur as follows : —
4.
Voters,
8,157,752—Ye5, 7,839,552 ; .-rsT
—o) 251,501; Null,
63,699.
The Presse announces that M. Proudhon has
been refused permission to publish a new philoso-
phical review. Under the laws which at present
regulate the press, no journal can be started with-
out permission from the Government.
A Rennes journal announces that a prosecution
has been commenced against Count Chatton des
Morandais, on the charge of having disturbed the
elections and prevented electors from voting.
Prince Lucien Murat in a letter to the Presse con-
tradicts the report that he has made claims upon the
King of Naples in respect to certain private pro-
perty which was alleged to belong to him in right
of succession.
Dr. Conneau has, by decree of the 31st ult., been
nominated First Physician to the Emperor and
Chief of the Medical Service of his Majesty's house-

hold.
By decree of the Emperor dated the 31st ult., it
is enacted that the mortgage notes (lettres de gage)
of the Societe of Credit Foncier, can only be issued
after having been examined and registered by the
commissary of the Government.
A Chamber of Commerce, consisting of nine
members, is to be established at Dijon, in virtue of
an imperial decree of the 31st ult.
France will not for the future receive any foreign
refugees. The authorities of Schildberg (Posen)
having expelled two refugees, and given them a
passport to France, the French Ambassador at that
court declared to the Minister of Foreign Affairs in
the name of his Government, that for the future no
foreigners of that category will be received in
France. Formal orders have therefore been given
not to deliver any more passports for Franco to
Polish refugees.
The Prefecture of Police has just published the
statistical returns of mortality in Paris for the
month of November. The number of deaths was

1,171 males, and 1,136 females. Of these 637 were
under three months old, 476 under 15 yearo, 81
under 20 years, 245 under 30, 115 under 40, and
227 under 60. The number of deaths between 50

and 60 was 228, between 60 and 70 184, between

and 80 154,- and. between 80 and 100; 6.3. The chief
causes of death were pulmonary disease, enteritis,
typhus fever, brain fever, and apoplexy. The
number of deaths from apoplexy was 97.
M. Vassal, director of the Journal des Faits, was
tried by the Police. Court of Paris yesterday for
having deposited a copy of his journal with the
Imperial law officers which was not signed by the
editor, and for having " wilfully published false
news" to the following effect :—" One of our sub-
scribers informs us that the offerings consecrated
to the memory of Louis XVI. have been removed
from the expiatory chapel, and that those deposited
on Monday, All Souls' Day, were refused." M.
Berlez, the Chaplain of the Church, deposed that
the offerings made by the piety of the faithful were
neither removed nor refused. M. Vassal was sen-
tenced to pay a fine of I,ooof. and the costs.
Charles Cornillet and G-uyot, operative carpen-
ters, were tried yesterday before the Police Court
of the Seine, for having used offensive language
towards the Chief of the State, and for having
made an insulting mark on the Emperor's effigy on
a sf. piece. Cornillet was sentenced to six and
Guyot to two months' imprisonment.
_

The Government has determined that the Garde
) de Paris, the late Garde Republicaine, shall be in-
L creased from two squadrons to four of cavalry. A
• Lieutenant-Colonel has been appointed to its corn-
• mand. This guard can at present bring 1,200
bayonets and 300 sabres into line ; it is, moreover,
composed exclusively of picked men.
A letter from Moulins states that the ancient
Chateau of Bourbon l'Archambault, the cradle of
the house of Bourbon, and a type of feudal archi-
tecture, with its colossal towers and the ruins of
the chapel, has been sold to Viscount Des Roys.
The papers have announced that the Duke of
Hamilton is likewise Duke of Chatelherault in
France. The Duchy of Chatelherault was con-
ferred, in February, 1548, by Henry 11., on James
Hamilton, Earl of Arran, Regent of Scotland.
The Earl of Arran was appointed Regent of the
kingdom at the death of James V. He subse-
quently resigned the Government to the Queen
Mother, Marie de Lorraine, sister of the Guises ;
and the latter, in return, prevailed on the king of
France to confer the title of Duke de Chatelherault
on the Earl of Arran, with a pension of 12,000
livres. The elder branch of the family became ex-
tinct in the person of James, fourth Duke of Ha-
milton, decapitated on the 9th of March, 1649.
The receipts of the French railways in 1852 are
not yet known ; but according to the returns pub-
lished down to the 25th December by the different
. companies, they may be calculated to amount to
110,000,000 f., being an increase of about3,ooo,ooof.
as compared with the receipts of 1851.
The Bourse opened firm yesterday, under the in-
fluence produced by the announcement in the
Moniteur that M. de Kisseleff had presented let-
ters of credence from the Emperor of Russia to the
Emperor of the French, but, additional defaulters
having been declared, the Three per Cents., which
opened at 81f. 20c., and rose to 81f. 25c., fell to
80f. 40c., and closed at 80f. 50c. for the end of
the month ; the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. closed
at 105 f. 30c. ; Orleans Railway Shares, 1,002 f.
Rouen, 985 f. ; Havre, 520 f. ; Great Northern, ex
dividend, 867 f. 50c.; Bitle, 355 f. ; Paris and Stras-
burg, 802 f. 75c. ; Paris and Lyons, er dividend,
898 f. 75c. ; Lyons and Marseilles, 752 f. 50c. ; Caen
to Cherbourg, 620 f. ; Bordeaux to Cette, 600 f. ;
Dijon to Besancon, 550 ; Shares of the Bank of
Credit Mobilier, issued at 500 f., 840 f.
The Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes for 1853,
furnishes the following statistical details : " The
number of births in Paris in 1852 was 16,349 males,
and 15,975 females, of whom 21,689 were legiti-
mate, and 10,635 illegitimate. The deaths were
13,698 males and 13,887 females, showily/ an ex-
cess of births over deaths of 4,739. The mimber of
marriages amounted to 10,233, of which 8,062 were
between bachelors and spinsters, 645 bachelors and
widows, 1,064 widowers and spinsters, and 462
widowers and widows.

SPAIN.
We have received the Madrid journals of the 31st
ult., and Ist inst. The Madrid Gazette publishes
a royal decree suspending the adjudication of the
railroad from Madrid to Miranda del Ebro by Val-
ladolid and Burgos. The decree states that the
Government requires time to prepare the conditions
of the contract, and that when the period for the
adjudication shall have been fixed, there will be a
delay of at least four months allowed, and the con-
ditions will be published in foreign countries, in
order that persons abroad who may wish to tender
may have full time to examine the conditions and
form their estimate of the probable results. There
is nothing else of interest in these journals.
The Government had received dispatches from
. .

the Captain-General of Cuba, dated the Bth ult.,
stating that the island continued to enjoy the most
perfect tranquillity. Annexed to those dispatches
were documents containing the most satisfactory
accounts of the situation of the colony. The cus-
toms duties, which in 1850 produced 6,729,685
dols., amounted in 1851 to 8,462,834 dols.
The 3 per Cents. were done on the 31st ult., at
44 7-16; the New 3 per Cents., at 441; the Debt
of the First Class, at 10 9-16 ; and that of the
Second at 51.