The Sun.
London, England, 1853-08-04 00:00:00

KOYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.

t''‘

THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHI.

proprietor, Mr. B. Webster —Directress, Madame Celeste.

THIS EVENING, AuGusr 4,

To be followed by THE CAMP AT CHOBUAM.
To conclude with JOHN JONES.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.

Lessee and Manager, Mr. Farren.
Great success of the New Drama.
THIS EVENING, AuctrsT 4,

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.

Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

Engagement of Mr. J. W. SHARP, the celebrated Comic Vocalirt.
THIS EVENING, AUGUST 4,
PANORAMIC VIE.WSpI eredid of ClitrB,ll% Promenading Elephants,
MENAGERIE.

vocal and Instrumental Concert. Two Songs by Mr. W. Sharp, viz.,
Comic Scena, " Uncle Tom's Cabin," and" Jokes for 1853." Various
amusing novelties, concluding with the wonderful exhibition of THE
FEAST OF LANTERNS, brilliant display of FIREWORKS, and
EXPLOSION of CHINESE FIRE SHIPS. Admission Is.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
TRES DAT —Morning 32 min. after 1 Evening 52 min.aft. 1
To •Mmutow —Morning 10 min. after 2 1 Evening 31 min.aft. 2

THE WEATHER.—Surr OFFICE, AUGUST 4.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
71—highest since noon yesterday.
63—lowest this morning and during the night.
71—this day at noon.
BAROMETER, 301.1—very steady.
WIND, Easterly—Light breeze, and fine weather.

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LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 4, 1853.

K 11 S

Under the Management of Mr. Charles Kean.
THIS EVENING, AUGUST 4,
Will be performed THE DAY AFTER THE WEDDING. Flip.
ported by Mr. and Mrs. W. Lacy.
After which, Lord Byron's Tragedy of SARDANAPALUS.
Principal characters by Mr. and Mrs. C. Kean.
To be followed by CHESTERFIELD TRINSKIN. Characters
by Messrs. Harley, Meadows, Addison, and Miss Vivash.

Will be performed GENE VIEVE. Characters by Messrs. Parselle,
Cullenford, Woolgar, Leigh Murray, Hastings, A. Wigan, Paul
Bedford, Keeley, 0. Smith, and C. J. Smith; Miss Woolgar and
34/... Keeley.
After which, will be presented SIR DANAPALUS.

Will be performed the New Drama entitled THE TIMES. Cbarac-
ers by Messrs. Farren, T. Mead, H. 'Marston, William Farren,
G. Cooke, and Shaiders; Mesdames Anderton and Bartlett.
After which, an entirely New Burlesque, by Francis Talfourd,
Esq., entitled SHYLOCK, or, THE MERCHANT OF "VENICE
PRESERVED." Shylock, Mr. F. Robson.
To conclude with THE WANDERING MINSTREL. Jem sags,
Mr. F. Robson.

MOST PARTIECTITICNOTICE.—Notwithstandin; the continued
success attending the Grand Military Spectacle of the Battle of
Waterloo, which can only be witnessed at this National Estab-
lishment, Mr. W. Cooke is determined to present his patrons with
an uninterrupted chain of novelty, and begs to announce in Prepara-
tion a Splendid Spectacle on a Classical Subject never attempted,
and will be produced on a scale of splendour hitherto unprecedented.
N.B.—Those who have not yet seen this glorious Dramatic Spec-
tacle are requested to make an early application for places.
MAGNIFICENT SCENES IN THE CIRCLE.
THIS EVENING, AUGUST 4,
And during the week,
the Performances will commence with
THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO.
To be followed by Mr. W. Cooke's matchless Scenes in the CIRCLE,
introducing Mr. Alfred Cooke (the Premier Horseman) on Four Fiery
Coursers.
Concluding every evening with (72d time) THE CHASE ; or,
LIFE ON THE TURF, with a real Fox Chase.
Doors open at Half-past Six. Box-office open daily from Eleven
to Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West.

Everything now depends upon the nature of
the intelligence received from St. Petersburgh.
The tremendous alternative of peace or war, of a
protracted and beneficent peace over the whole of
Europe, or of a terrible and universal war
throughout Christendom, may be said, without
exaggeration, to repose at this moment on the will,
to await the pleasure, to depend upon the whim
of one man, and that man a potentate no less
ambitious than he is powerful. If any ar
gument were requisite to satisfy a dispas-
sionate observer of the folly of the great prin-
ciples involved in the system of despotic
government it would be perceptible at a glance
in the magnitude of the consequences at the pre-
sent juncture hanging upon the decision of the
Russian AUTOCRAT. Within the last few hours
there arrived in the capital of his Empire
the ultimatissimum forwarded from Vienna on the
24th ultimo, by the representatives of the Fcur
Allied Powers, now pledged solemnly to uphold
the outraged rights of Turkey, the violated autho-
rity of the SULTAN, the integrity of his do-
minions, the liberties of his people, their loyalty,
and their independence. Added to which
the CZAR will receive, through the British Am-
bassador at his Court, the demand—promptly
and peremptorily dispatched to St. Petersburgh—
for explanations in regard to his recent conduct
towards the Hospodar of Moldavia. Whether the
Emperor NICHOLAS will consent to the proposals
made to him on the part of the English, French,
Austrian,' and Prussian Plenipotentiaries, yet
remains, to the last possible degree, matter of
uncertainty. But counting even most con-
fidently on the acceptance of the ultima-
tum forwarded from Vienna, it must there-
fore remain to be seen whether the CZAR will
comply with the supplementary demands made
for some explanation in reference to his lawless
mandate to Prince GUIKA to pay henceforth no
more tribute to the SULTAN as his liege lord, or
ancient Suzerain. Therefore, we repeat, the nature
of the decision now awaited from St. Petersburgh
continues to become more than ever doubtful.
Nothing indeed can be regarded at this momentand
upon this subject as certain—but that Russia
must accept theultimatissimum of the Four Powers
immediately and unconditionally, besides ex-
plaining her conduct clearly and satisfactorily,
in as far as relates to the recent treatment
of the Moldavian and Wallachian Hospodara,
or, there must be an instantaneous outbreak
of war between herself on the one side, and on
the other Turkey backed by all the great nations
of Christendom. In which latter case the conflict
will be carried on a outrance, and will so far
resemble the recent struggle against the Burmese,
as described by Mr. COBDEN, that it will not so
much be a war as it will be " a rout, a massacre,
or a visitation." Such, then, are the good and
evil results trembling at this juncture in the
balance—and that balance held in the uncertain
grasp of a potentate irresponsible saving to Go,
and Posterity ! All that can be done, conse-
quently, under these momentous circumstances by
who are mere spectators—is to await the re-
sult with us,
a patient trust in the issues permitted
by DIVINE PROVIDENCE.

Another case of grossie
sanction and connivance
of, perpetnraninc
perpetrated, if
not by, at least with the
of, the Anglo-Indian Government,ouseofCommons. was on
Tuesday
The
H
night exposed in the
shuffling, evasive, and discreditable conduct of the
Directors and officials of the East India Company,
in respect to the Parsee Merchants and Bankers,
PESTONJEE ME'c'EZJEE, and VICCAJEE MEERJEE, Will
remain an indelible blot on their escutcheon, and
we regret to be obliged to add, that the other
branch of the double Government scarcely appears
in a more favourable point of view in reference
to the transaction. It is true that, in the case
under notice, the Leadenhall-street Magnets, or
their under-strapper;; were not principals in the
act of swindling, that they did not themselves lay
violent hands on the property of two of her
MAJESTY'S subjects, for which they might be held
responsible before the Courts of Justice otfelnvdiica
'• and.:43f England ; but they encouraged
h
finis to enter into the negotiations with the puppet-
pitL'fitr,, who nominally ruled the Deccan, and they
•c‘iyeri, if not the entire proceeds of the fraud,
'f`? /he areater portion thereof. While they
, "
• a" evaded the 1v27, rezpowibility, they tm.
• 0

doubtedly were morally and equitably liable to
the claimants. And if the old adage, that " the
receiver is as bad as the thief," be well founded,
they cannot be considered in any degree better
than the NIZAM himself or his unconscientious
advisers.

If we know not whether the original transac-
tion itself, or the flippant tones in reference there-
to, adopted by the representatives of the Cannon-
row and Leadenhall-street Boards, reflects greater
disgrace upon the system, which the British Par-
liament is at thia-moment endeavouring to per-
petrate, we are convinced that neither Sir
CHARLES WOOD nor Sir JAMES HOGG would, in
their individual capacities, be guilty of such con-
duct as that so clearly and ably described by Mr.
J. G. PHILLIMORE. Unfortunately, however,
there is a code of morality recognised in pub-
lic affairs which, if acted on in private mat-
ters, would brand the characters of the perpe-
trators, and cause their expulsion from respectable
wctabhole
society. And thus it is that we see men
would be incapable of taking an unfair advantage.nd
for their own peculiar benefit, sanctioning and
supporting in public acts utterly and
ofnd etgontaitlylyainnd-
defensible, disregarding all notions
justice, and preventing even inquiry into the
truth of complaints that have been put forward.
The brothers whose serious wrongs were last
night detailed
by Mr. PHILLIMORE had, by inde-
fatigable perseverance, unflinching energy, and
unblemished and unsuspected integrity, risen
from a comparatively humble position to one of
considerable importance. They had acquired the
esteem and confidence, not merely of the inhabi-
tants, but even of the Government of Bombay.
More than five-and-thirty years ago they were
entrusted with the fiscal management of an
important district which had then recently been
acquired or annexed from the territories of a
native Prince. Not only did they render
most important and valuable services in the
revenue department, having within a period
of seven years more than doubled the pecu-
niary resources of the district, but they gave
an extraordinary stimulus to the cultivation and
trade in cotton, which increased more than two
hundredfold under their incessant exertions.
This branch of their business brought them into
connection with a portion of the Berar territory
belonging to the NIZAM, through which they had
opened roads, and afforded many advantages to
the cultivators of cotton in the locality, so admi-
rably suited for its growth, and, amongst others,
making large pecuniary advances to the peasantry.
In carrying on their trade it became necessary
that the senior partner should visit Hyderabad,
the capital of the NIZAM'S dominions. Previous
to doing so, however, they added the precaution
of obtaining the sanction of the Anglo-Indian
Government to the visit, and also the appointment
of an umpire for disposing of such questions as
might arise between them and that Prince, both of
which requests were promptly acceded to. Under
such circumstances the firm was induced, we had
almost said compelled, to undertake the manage-
ment of the revenue affairs in the Cotton dis-
tricts, which they did with the knowledge and
sanction—nay, more, the implied request—of the
Government to which they owed allegiance, for
there never was any doubt or question as to their
being, to all intents and purposes, British sub-
jects. Under their superintendence the revenue
flourished, and the condition of the country was
materially improved. They made, as Sir
JAMES HOGG admitted was universally ex-
pected from persons similarly circumstanced, large
advances ; but still, until the period of the
Affghan war, these advances were kept within
reasonable bounds, being within 60,0001. in the
beginning of 1838.
A severe pressure was occasioned by the hos-
tilities then instituted on the Exchequers of the
Company and of their allies. The NIZAM found
himself unable to pay the contingent force, which
he was by treaty bound to keep up. The emer-
gency was one of no ordinary character when any
failure with respect to what was practically a por-
tion of the Company's available forces would have
been peculiarly embarrassing to all parties con-
cerned, more especially to the Company. In this
exigency, the now wealthy, we had almost said
princely, firm of PESTONJEE VICCAJEE Callle to
the rescue, with the full knowledge and approba-
tion of the British residents. They supplied the
necessary funds to liquidate the military expen-
diture, so that within a few years their claims
amounted to the enormous sum of 687,0001.
The whole of this almost fabulous sum did not
come from their private resources. Large as were
their means, they were inadequate to sustain so
serious a drain. But their credit was good, and
even that was strained to the utmost in the cause
in which they had embarked. In 1841 they applied
for a tangible security, as well for the satisfaction
of their creditors as for their own security. It
was granted. A considerable portion of the re-
venue of the Berar district, which , had so largely
increased under their judicious management, was
lodged with the British Resident, who placed it on
the records of the Presidency, giving a copy to the
mortgagees, and thus practically countenancing,
we might almost have said guaranteeing, the trans-
action—certainly showing that it was considered
to be perfectly free from any taint of illegality.
The debt was soon largely reduced. Nearly
400,0001. had been satisfied, when the NIZAM
became desirous of obtaining further advances,
which the firm could no longer, in justice to them-
selves, advance. They, however, lent a sum to
the NIZAM personally, although they could no
longer continue to satisfy the demands of the
contingent force. Thereupon was committed an
act of the most nefarious character. Their agents
were expelled by force from the mortgaged terri-
tories, 16 being killed and 15 wounded in the
operation. The deeply-injured and indignant
firm complained to the Resident of the atrocious
robbery that had been perpetrated, and appealed
for justice as British subjects, and as having
really advanced ,the money for the benefit and
with the sanction of the British Government.

It is due to General FRASER to say that he
forwarded the appeal, and endeavoured to the
utmost of his power to obtain justice for the peti-
tioners, but the Supreme Government refused to
interfere. A single application to the NIzAM
would have prevented the barefaced plunder.
That application was not made. We suffered our
subjects to be victimised with impunity—we
bandied them about from Bombay to Calcutta,
and thence to England. In every place they
were met with hypocritical professions of condo-
lence. At length, when in England, they
memorialised for the justice denied them in
India. They were informed that " the instruc-
tions of the Court of Directors would be
communicated through the Governor of India."
Private assurances were, however, given that these
instructions would be favourable ; but when they
tion of any
arrived at Calcutta they were found to be that he,
but the Company
the Governor, was not to interfere for the realisa-
the mortgaged
such claims. Not only was this the ease,
of
lands, ha vaen even taken
thus
doubly
participated possession of
And this is
in the plunder
so highly lauded by Sir
their faithful and efficient ser-
vants.on.e of the fruits of the system
inq at uiry into which is, CHARLES WOOD, and any
his in CHARLES
Company, refused
stance, and that of
the Chairman of the East Ind
by the British House ofCommons I It is diffi-
cult
to find language to characterise the whole
transaction in the terms it deserves. We leave
the British Public to judge of what is a suitable
pendant to the case of the dethroned and deeply-
injured RAJAH of SATTARA.

The life of SARAH BAKER, the unfortunateto
be
young woman to whose truly melancholy case we
last week directed public attention, is
spared, the capital punishment being in her case
about to be commuted to transportation for life,
or for a prolonged term of years. This is as it
should be. The wretched young creature had suf-
fered too much from the inhumanity of the law,
and the rigorous conduct of hard-hearted officials,
to permit any doubt to be entertained as to the
propriety and justice, in her case, of a remission
of the extreme penalty of the law. Considering
that she had at all times manifested an extreme
affection for the poor child, for whose early death
311 e) waslegallyreaperaible, that he had expee

rienced the most heart-rending privations, seeking
the lowest and most humiliating species of work,
at a rate of remuneration so scanty as barely to
afford the coarsest subsistence for herself and child
—and that it was not until after even that re-
source had totally failed—until she was unable
ee
contemptuous
rejection or under
atonyonbirtaninumsetinapnlcoeyms, employment onun tailnythtrin
rejection of her humble application to the
" Bastile officials" to keep the baby until
she became stronger, that the frightful idea
of terminating the miserable career of both the
outcasts from society at the same moment of
taking the awful plunge into eternity, simulta-
neously with the innocent cause of and participa-
tor in her sufferings, which, so far as she herself
was concerned, was only defeated by a mere acci-
dent. Considering, we sty, all these matters, we
are convinced that there will be a universal feel-
ing of satisfaction at the leniency exhibited to the
poor, miserable, heart-broken creature—that even
the most stern moralist, the most rigid enforcer
of the Divine and human law against bloodshed
will acknowledge that the extenuating circum-
stances of the case more than justified the con-
cession to public opinion, and that perpetual exile
will be a more than adequate expiation for the
very serious offence of which she was most pro-
perly convicted.
We regret, however, to say that a very diffe-
rent view has, at least up to this time, been taken
of the case of CAROLINE SunawooD, the miserable
perpetrator of the Brighton child-murder. The
applications for a lenient consideration of her case
have not yet been responded to, and unless the
humane exertions of those who have commiserated
her dreadful situation be speedily successful, the
victim of early seduction, and of the law
which prevented her from obtaining any
pecuniary assistance from the murderer of
her innocence towards the support of the
offspring of their mutual guilt, must suffer an
ignominious and painful death on the scaffold.
Early next week the lamentable tragedy will be
enacted, and the sight-seers of Sussex will be as-
sembled together to witness the deliberate shed-
ding of blood, as a means of enforcing the observ-
ance of the Divine precept, which forbids the
commission of murder in any manner or under
any circumstances—to behold the vindication of
the majesty of the law which tempts to crime,
and then demands the exemplary punishment of
the miserable criminal. May not this fearful
tragedy yet be averted ? Are there not grounds
on which the Home Secretary may be implored to
spare the feelings of many of her MAJESTY'S sub-
jects this last dread consummation of the legalised
deprivation of life of one of her MAJESTY'S sub-
jects, and that a female in the first blush of
womanhood—one who had fallen when an orphan
child of but fifteen years of age, and who for six
years, unprotected and unassisted, had endea-
voured to support her unfortunate child from her
own humble resources ?

We do not rest the case on a general objection
to capital punishments. We are aware that many
wise and excellent men have contested the right
of any Government to take the life of even the
most guilty citizen ; and the arguments in favour
of these views have been so clearly put forward
by the Morning Advertiser, that doubts at least
may be entertained on the subject. Without,
however, in any degree trenching on the ground
so ably occupied by our respected contemporary,
we venture to assert that there are, what our
continental brethren would call, " extenuating
circumstances," which fully justify the exercise
of the Royal prerogative in favour of CAROLINE
SHERWOOD, that the rays of the " brightest jewel
in the British Crown" may be permitted to sparkle
in the dreary dungeon at Lewes, to disperse the
gloom of the condemned cell, without affording
cause for a single complaint that her most gracious
MAJESTY had abandoned her functions in giving
time for repentance to her ill-fated and most un-
fortunate sister. These circumstances may be
briefly recapitulated as follows :-
Ist. The early age at which she became a vic-
tim to her seducer—viz., only 15 years.
2aly. That at the time she was an orphan,
without parents or relatives from whom she could
obtain any the slightest assistance in bringing up
or supporting her wretched child, which was thus
exclusively cast as a burden on her own slender
resources.

3dly. That through the defective state of the
law, she had forfeited all claim upon her be-
trayer, not having obtained an order within the
first twelvemonth after its birth.

4thly. That she had invariably maintained an
irreproachble character, fulfilling the duties of a
respectable situation creditably, while she de-
voted a considerable portion of her wages to the
support and maintenance of her child.
sthly. The fearful temptation to which she
was exposed ; the knowledge that the discovery
of her secret, which had become inevitable, would
prove the destruction of all her future prospects,
occasioning her separation from one to whom she
was devotedly attached, and flinging her head-
long from the position which she had nearly at-
tained.

6thly. The mode in which the crime was com-
mitted, which leads irresistibly to the inference
that it was unpremeditated, and that it arose
from the temporary distraction at the considera-
tion of her critical position.
For all these reasons, we believe that it is a
case in which philanthropists may fairly use their
exertions, without subjecting themselves to the
reproach of an undue interference with the admi-
nistration of justice, and that Lord PA LMERSTON
may grant these prayers, without in any degree
infringing upon the stern duties of his situation,
by recommending CAROLINE SHERWOOD as a fit
and proper subject for a conditional pardon, foi'
the extreme punishment being commuted to trans-
portation for life. The mere mention of the case
will, we are convinced, be sufficient to stimulate
the energies of those who only seek a legitimate
excuse for exerting themselves in the sacred cause
of humanity.