The Sun.
London, England, 1854-10-19 00:00:00

THE SUN LONDON THURSDAY EV,,ENI_NG, OCTOBER 19, 18b4,

LINES LE.L;S/ED AT FL ED B.ENTALIS.

Leasing
Compass

London at
N. West.
L. dtli.W
Cal•d•n...

C. 1.10 (sins Prices
this day.

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165
9! - 101

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1 36 - 118

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Yk. New.
& Berw.
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L. St, N. W.
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din I 20
12.
25

'L. & N.W
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x in I

101. - 10$
61 - 52
26 -25 i
13 - 136
23 -24
111 - 111

30
20
1
1

40
5
St.
25

Business
this day.

~a r ot fon
„:-

SUN OFFICE, Secs r& o'Clock.

TAT TER S

2i - 21

(THIS EVENING.)

iii :: k

11564

CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKE :S.
9to 2 agst Orinoco (5 to 1 taken).
11 to 2 agst Rattle (offered).
12 to 1 agst Scherz (taken).
100 to 6 agst Hervine (taken).
20 to 1 agst Stonehenge (taken).
25 to 1 agst Barrel (offered).
100 to 1 agst Monie Moses (offered)
500 even between Orinoeo and Rattle

58 - 60

DERBY.
30 to 1 agst Oulston (taken).
33 to 1 agst Wild Dayrell (taken).

i;--139

MORE OFFICERS DEAD.

Official intelligence was received yesterday, at the
War-office, of the deaths of the following officers in the
Crimea►, in addition to those who fell in the battle of the
Alma :

--ii —. lid

30...
-
ii
93 - 95

Lieut.-Colonel William Francis Hoey, of the 30th
Re ;invent.
Captain John A. Freeman, of the Scots Greys ;
Captain Longmore, of the Bth Hussars ; Captain the
Hon. C. L. Hare, of the 7th Fusiliers.
Lieutenant and Adjutant Thomas Irwin, of the 13th
Light Dragoons ; Lieut. Ramsay Wardlaw, of the 19th
Foot.

Ensign Wm. Fred. Phipps, of the 19th Foot ; Ensign
Wm. Y. Johnston, of the 30th Foot.
Quartermaster John Lehay, of the 4th Foot.

136 7

GERMANY.

1 pm

A letter from Berlin, of October I'3, in Voss's
Gazette, says :

The Government of Mexico has just notified to Prussia
and Saxony that iL intends putting an end to the treaties
of commerce and navigation at present exhtting between
them, so that these treaties will be brought to a close in
the month of October next. However, the Mexican
Government has offered Prussia and Saxony to negotiate
new treaties of the same kind as those which are about
to expire, but on new conditions."

72 •

PROPOSED ORDERS TO THE ARMY BE-
FORM COMMENCING SIEGE OPERA-
TIONS AT SEBASTOPOL.

:

MINES.

1391
d's

BIVOITAO ET FRONT OF SEBASTOPOL,
October 2, Nine a.m.

The trenches will be opened this evening against Se-
bastopol ; a working party, consisting of —, furnished
by the --, will be marched to the engineers' depot at
p.m., where, they will receive tools and directions
from the engineers' officers and sappers, who will guide
them to the works ; they will be without arms and ac-
coutrements. The guard for the protection of the work-
ing and ground will consist of --, furnished by —,
and will parade in their camp at p.m., be conducted
to their positions, posted and receive instructions from
staff officers who will be assembled for the purpose.
All the movements of the parties must be, if possible,
kept out of view of the place.
After moving from their last place of assembly, which
will be after dark, the utmost silence must be preserved,
and the least possible noise of any kind made. The work-
ing parties will be arranged in proper order by the engi-
neers, but will not commence work till ordered, after
which it must be carried on with the greatest energy.
The engineers will be charged with the arrangements,
but the officers of the troops must be responsible for the
maintenance of order and attention to the directions
given by the engineers, and for the amount of work
done ; on diligence and regular conduct of the work-
ing parties will depend more rapid and complete suc-
cess of the enterprise. The working parties must not
quit the works on slight alarms. If the enemy make
a sortie, the guard will advance and drive them in,
and before, they reach the work, if possible ; should
the working party be absolutely obliged to retire,
they will take their tools with them, and re-form a
short distance in rear to return to the work when the
sortie is repulsed.
The guard will be posted in rear of the working party,
and near to it, if possible, under cover from the fire of
the place ;if not they must lie down order of battle,
with accoutrements on, and each man with his firelock
close by him—one party, not less than one-third of the
forces, absolutely on the alert all through the night,
taking it alternately, ready for an immediate rush on
the enemy.
A sortie is out and on the works in a very short time,
and therefore the guard must be in immediate readiness
to attack it without hesitation ; nothing is so easily de-
feated as a sortie, if charged without delay.
After the repulse of any sortie, the guard will return
under cover as soon as possible, and resume their
position.
All working parties and guards will be composed of
entire regiments, or parts, and not of detachments,
made up of different corps.

Ei
Si
3
29

GERMAN POLITICS.

AUSTRIA VERSUS PRUSSIA..
The Ministerial organs are very indignant when any
doubt is suggested of the good faith or trustworthiness
of Austria. Yet how is it possible for any one whose
memory reaches twelve months backward to place confi-
dence in that Government ? Is the fraternisation of
Francis Joseph and Nicholas at Olmutz already for-
gotten ? During the brief period which has since elapsed
Austria has turned from being a friend to being an
enemy of Russia. May it not hare turned back again
by this time next year ? There is as old French pro-
verb which says that—on revient toujours h ses premiers
amours.
It is a curious fact that when the Oriential question
was first raised Prussia leant more to the Western Powers
than to Russia ; Austria more to Russia than to the
Western Powers. Now Austria has all but declared
war against Russia, while Prussia has become its tool.
A brief review of political movements in the interior of
Germany may perhaps help to explain this game of
" change corners."
What is called the Germanic Confederation is sup-
posed to be governed by the Diet at Frankfort. But
since the Revolution of 1848 the Dist has become a
mere name. When Austria and Prussia concluded their
treaty of the 21st of April last, they intimated it to each
State of the Confederation separately, asking their ad-
hesion. When reminded that it ought to have been pre-
sented to the Diet, they stated that unless they could
previously obtain the adhesion of all the Governments,
it was not their intention to bring the matter before the
Diet at all. This was tantamount to a declaration that
Austria and Prussia no longer regarded the Diet as a
reality, and were determined to negotiate with each
State apart.
Previous to the revolution of 1848, Austria and Prus-
sia were contented to' be rivals for ascendancy in the
Diet. In 1848 the King of Prussia gave a broad hint
that he was willing to take part in the Frankfort Parlia-
ment, on condition that it would make him Emperor of
Germany. In this aspiration he was foiled by Austria.
The revolution was soon after put down. The Diet had
become a laughing-stock. Prussia and Austria removed
their contest into another field.
Their struegle recommenced in 1850, in the conven-
tions of the Zollrereia. Austria claimed to be admitted,
with all its territories, into that league, and was opposed
by Prussia. Austria instigated the four kingdoms—
Bavaria, Hanover, Saxony, and Wurtemberg, the two
Grand Duchies, Hesse and Baden, the Electorate of
Hesse, and the duchy of Nassau—to coalesce for the
purpose of compelling Prussia to yield to the claims
of Austria. The result was a compromise. The Zoll-
verein was renewed on its old footing, and concluded a
treaty of commerce with Austria.
The combination formed by the minor German states,
named above, was not dissolved when this contest ended.
They held together both in the Zollverein and the Diet.
They continued to be friendly to Austria and hostile to
Prussia. The latter Government complained bitterly of
their animosity.
When the Oriental question was first raised, as has
already been observed, Austria leant to the side of
Russia, Prussia to that of the Western Powers. Austria
endeavoured to obtain the adhesion of its old friends of
the coalition. Saxony, the antes (lames of Austria,
was gained at once. M. de Beust, the Saxon Minister
of Foreign Affairs, repaired to Munich to canvass the
other governments for Austria. But Bavaria had a
separate game to play ; King Otho was threatened by
France and England, and Bavaria gave to understand
that its alliance must be bought by supporting King Otho.
Neither Prussia nor Austria could bleinduced to commit
themselves to so hopeless and discreditable a cause, and
Bavaria resolved to stand aloof from both, and persuaded
the associate governments to do the same.
Thus stood matters when the Austro-Prussian treaty
of April2l was concluded. The eight confederates agreed
to meet at Bamberg on the 25th of May,to consult as to
what course they should adopt in the event of the treaty
being submitted to the Diet for its adhesion. By this time
Prussia had advanced pretty far in its wheel round from
the West ersi Powers to Russia'. The end of May was marked,
by the recal of M. de Bunsen from London, the resigna-
tion of M. de Bonin, Minister of War, and this resignation
of his military appointments by the Prince of Prussia.
The Liberals were evidently smitten hip and thigh in
the Prussian Cabinet; and from that moment the Bam-
berg Conference—the coalition which had been called
into existence by Austria to thwart Prussia—began ti
take part with the latter.
The sole contest between Prussia and Austria is for
the mastery in Germany. To gain a chance of annexing
the Wallachian principalities Austria has for the time
joined the Western Powers, and its German adherents
have transferred their allegiance to Prussia. Hence it
comes that we now hear Austria bullying the minor
German States, and telling them
plainly that unless
when following in its wake they are nothing.
The whole affair is a squabble amongst dynasties. The
voice of Germany is not heard ; the interests of Germany
-.are not thought of. The Prussian Government aims at
becoming master of all Germany, by the aid of Russia.
The Austrian Government hopes to annex a few of the
German minor States if a war break out in Germany.
The Bavarian Government seeks to prop up the ricketty
throne of Austria. Personal and family
aims engross
all of these crowned heads.
The consequence of all this turmoil seems likely to be
that Germany will again be made the battle-field of a
war in which it has no concern. The Oriental contro-
versy ought to be fought out in the Russian dominions,
but the war is likely to extend to Germany. There is
P
help for the Germans in their rinces—how can they
help themselves ? Austria, among
37,000,000 of sub-
jects has only 7,000,000 Germans. Of the nominal
Prussians the Rhine Provinces have only been subject
to the Court of Berlin since 1815. They have less in
common with the old subjects of Prussia than any other
Germans. They have no interest in the extension of the
Prussian dominion. The populations of the other Ger-
man States have no wish to be subjected either to
Prussia or Austria. But how are all these Germans to
help themselves I The Diet—even when it was more
than a name—was the representative and organ of the
courts, not of the peoples, of Germany. The Frankfort
Parliament had neither money nor armies. But a Frank-
fort Parliament, allied with an energetic and ambitious
German Prince, could do something. Austria is the
type of the old German aristocracy. Bavaria is priest-
ridden. Prussia has abdicated its place as the head of
the party of progress in Germany. What German
Prince will bid for the throne of a consolidated German
monarchy ? The office may be set up to auction ere
many months elapse.--Daily News.

POSITION OF THE ALLIES BEFORE
SEBASTOPOL..

The Duke of Cambridge's division, consisting of the
Guards and Highland Brigade, remained in the rear of
the army near Balaklava until the 2d of October, in
order to cover the base of operations from the possibility
of an attack. Meanwhile, the roads and tracks through
the hilly country south of Khutor Mackenzie, by which
the allied armies made their flank march on Balaklava,
have been broken up and put into u state of defence by
the British forces. The right flank of the army is
effectually coveted by the defile leading into the valley
of the Tchernaya by that stream, and by the marshy
ground about it ; and so satisfied was Lord Laglan on
the Ist of October of the strength of this position, that
he caused the First Division to advance to the right of
the army, and to take up the position it will occupy
during the siege.
The Valley of Inkerman is a deep ravine about one
mile in breadth, formed by the stream of the Tcher-
naya before it falls into the western extremity of Se-
bastopol harbour ; this valley is, in fact, the continua-
tion of the deep inlet by which the harbour itself is
formed. On the eastern side of this ♦alley the ruins of
Inkerman still retain traces of the fortifications erected
by the Greeks or the Genoese on this position ; and,
for the defence of Sebastopol against an attack by
land, these heights' ought to have been crowned with
strong batteries, which would haveerendered the
place almost impregnable, since they would have en-
filaded the whole position now occupied by the be-
sieging armies. This precaution appears, however, to
have been neglected. Along the course of the valley,
and parallel with the stream of the Tchernaya, runs the
aqueduct which supplies the docks and part of the town
with fresh water ; and so abruptly do the rocks rise over
the ravine on the western side, that, on turning towards
the harbour, this aqueduct is carried through a tunnel in
the freestone rock 300 yards in length. Rather more
than a mile to the south of this tunnel, and upon a
height which rises almost perpendicularly above the
valley, the First Division of the British army has taken
up its position. It forms, therefore, the extreme right
of the whole allied forces, and it is protected by a steep
wall of rock, which is inaccessible to the enemy. We
presume that the ground thus occupied is beyond the
range of any guns which the Russians might be able to
mount on the opposite side of the valley, which is still
for the present in their possession. The French army
• occupies the left of our position, and extends to the
coast immediately south of Sebastopol, where the deep
and navigable bays offer the greatest facilities forlanding
the siege-train and the stores of our allies ; some delay
has nevertheless taken place in this operation. On the
3d no regular attack had begun on any part of the place,
but the booming of heavy guns from the forts of Sebas-
topol sounded like the prelude to the tremendous strug-
gle which was about to commence, and showed that
the enemy were resolved and prepared to offer a stren-
' nous defence of the place on every side.