The Sun.
London, England, 1853-02-07 00:00:00

[PRICE SD.

No . 18,838.]

LEON

WOOLWICH, FEB. 5,
APPOINTMENTS.

Now rublislied,
NEW WORK BY SIR E. BULWEIt LYTTON BART.
Y 0 V ART.
1,.
Vißy PISISTRATITS CARTON ;
OR, VARIETIES IN ENGLISH TIES.
4 vols. post Bvo., price 425.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

Second Master.—Thomas Oyler (1852), to the Duke of
Wellington, 131, screw steam-ship, at Portsmouth.
Assistant-Engineer.—John Bruce, to the Blenheim,
60, screw steam-guardship, at Portsmouth.
Boatswain.—Thomas Turner, to the Odin, 16, paddle-
wheel steam-frigate, at Portsmouth.
Carpenter.—William Steele, to the. Odin.
The Tyne, 4, store-ship, Master Commander Peter
Wellington, arrived here yesterday from Ascension and
Rio, where she had been with stores, and brought home
A quantity of old stores. She is expected to remain here
Jr at Deptford for about six weeks, when she will again
leave on similar service.
The Medina, Mediterranean mail steam-pa,eket,
Lieut.-
Commander Louis R. Reynolds, was paid-off here to-
day, and several of her crew left in the afternoon, for
Calitharn, to join the Imperieuse, screw steam-frigate,
Captain R. B. Watson, C. 8., fitting at that port.
The Megmra, steam-frigate, Commander John A.
Johnson, will leave 'Woolwich on Monday, it is expected,
to proceed to Cork, to embark troops at that port under
orders for foreign service.
The Firebrand, steam-frigate, Captain Hyde Parker,
will soon be ready for sea, and a number of convicts were
employed all day yesterday and to-day in 'coaling her.
The destination of the Firebrand is not yet known, but

TO SUCCEED IN 'BUSINESS.
Just published. nrice 4s. or by p 55..
APRACTICAL TREATISE on BUSINESS ;
or, How to (let ),loney; with an tnqqiry into the Chances of
3UCef.:33, a.Y:d Cam ei of Eal!tue in I;u7ineSS.
1-1 Y EDWIN T. le It E MY.
. _

A more interesting or useful publication for the trading com-
ity it were difficult to name."—Globl
Well worthy of study," —Daily News:.
London: Thomas Bosworth, 215, Regent-street.

CHESTERFIELD'S ADVICE TO HIS SON.

New Dcfl iota, 32m0. cloth, gilt edges, price Is. G.I. ; free by post, 23.
I ORD CHESTERFIELD'S ADVICE TO

SON', ON MEN AN!, MANNP.ItS: To which ara
added Selcatons from Colton's "Lacon, or Many Things in Few

don : Tsgg and Co., 85, Queen•street, Chea.pside,

RI, LAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS.
The following testimonial is another proof of the great effi-
cacy of this medicine:— • . _

it is expected she will proceed to Portsmouth, and then
to Lisbon, as four carpenters are wanted for service in
the Sanspareil, 81, Captain Sidney C. Dacres, now at
Lisbon, whose names are to be borne on the books of
the Fisgard,.flag-ship at this port, and they are to apply
on board the Firebrand. _ _ _

157, New Bond-street, London, October 12, 1850.
" Sir,—ln Acquainting you with the great benefit which I have ex-
perienced by taking BLAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS,
I feel that I am but performing a duty to that portion of the public
who may be similarly affected.
"About twenty years since I was first attacked by rheumatic gout
in my hands and feet. I had previously been subjected to every va-
riety of climate, having served in Canada in the 19th Dragoons, and
in Spain, under Sir John Moore, in the 18th Hussars. I always pro-
cured the best medical aid, without obtaining any essential. relief,
and my sufferings can be appreciated only by those who know some-
thing of this disease.

Mr. Taplin, second assistant to the chief engineer at
Woolwich Dockyard, went down the river to-day to wit-
ness the trial of two scßooner-rigged war screw steam-
vessels of about 300 tons each, and each mounting two
32-pounder guns CM traversing platforms, built and fitted
with engines of 70-horse power each by Messrs. Bligh of
Limehouse. Captain White, superintendent for the
Portuguese Government, and Mr. Alfred Bligh were on
board the steamers, and the result of the repeated trials
was an average speed of nearly nine knots per hour,
without any symptom of a warm bearing, although the
engines, on the horizontal-direct action principle, made
from 90 to 96 revolutions per minute.

...... , "
it was daring one of those paroxysm; between twelve and thir-
teen years ago, that I was recommendetite try 15t4tAiit'S PILLS'. I
lost no time in procuring_a box..antlbeloss_Lbad taken that quantity:
the pain had entirely ceased, and in a few days I was in perfect
health.
_ .

"From that moment, whenever r feel any symptoms of the dis-
ease approaching, I have instant recourse to this medicine, which to
me is so valuable, that were it not that the days of macic have
ceased, I should certainly attribute the relief I obtain to that cause.
Moreover,.l rejoice to say that my health has not in any degree suf-
fered, but on the contrary I believe the tendency of BLAIR'S PILLS
is towards its improvement. . .

" I have recommended the Pills to many friends, and the result
has always been of the most gratifying character.
" I am, Sir, yours respectfully,
"GARRET FOSTER GILL.

THE SCREW PROPELLER.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING HERALD.
SIR,—Having observed a correspondence going on in
your valuable paper during the last few days regarding
the merit of placing the screw propeller outside the rud-
der instaad of inside, as is usually the practice, we have
thought it due to those interested in this important ques-
tion to state that a patent was taken out for this very
application of the screw by Mr. Beattie, C.E., about
two years ago. We ourselves built a steamer on the
principle, and we are glad to say fully bear out all that
your correspondents appear to prognosticate respect-
ing it, for she has been constantly running between
this port and the Mediterranean since she was built
(now about eighteen months) with the most perfect suc-
cess ; and we are so satisfied with its efficiency, and the
great improvement there is over the old plan, that we
have had it put into two other steamers, in one of which,
the Osmanli, built at Dumbarton about six years ago, it
has given an addition to her speed of fully two knots
per hour, as tested on her voyage to the Mediterranean.
The other (Rattler) is only just now being completed,
and is to be put on the Portugal line from Liverpool,
add we have no doubt will prove herself equal to the
others. The great speed of the Frankfort, joined to the
fact of the remarkable absence from all vibration, has
caused her to command a preference from passengers
everywhere. There is no doubt as to the great value of
the improvement. —We are Sir, your most obedient
servants,

To Mr. Prout, 229, Strand."

For every description of' Gout and Rheumatism, Sciatica, Tic-dolo-
reux, &c., &c., BLAItt'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS are a
sovereign remedy, contain neither mercury, opium, or any other
dangerous drug, require no care whatever In their use, and tor ra-
pidity of care and complete safety have not their equal in the world.
Sold by Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London ; and all respectable
Medicine Vendors. Price 28. 9d. per box.
Ask for BLAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS, and observe
that " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London," is impressed upon the
Government Stamp.

VIANNA, 'TONES, AND CHAPPLII.
Liverpool, Feb. 4, 1851.

ROYAL MARINES, SHEERNESS.-The second lieuten-
ant of Marines, of the Waterloo, 120, flag-ship, some
short time since had a court of inquiry held, at his own
request, to investigate a circumstance which, if proved,
would most seriously affect his character as an officer
and a gentleman. The said lieutenant recently applied
to the Admiralty to know the decision'of the court, and
on Friday last, the 28th ult.,' an order arrived here for
the commander-in-chief to try him by a court-martial,
on Thursday, the 3d inst. On the intelligence being
communicated to him, he immediately resigned his com-
mission which has been accepted at head-quarters. No
court-martial will, therefore, take place, he having left
the ship.—Portsmouth Times.

NEW ARCTIC EXPEDITIONS.

Commander Inglefield, who commanded the Isabel,
screw steam-vessel, last year, during her enterprising
search up Smith's Sound, where he discovered a great
expanse of open water, received a..letter, on Thursday
morning last, appointing him to the command of the
Phcenix, screw steam-sloop, at Deptford, which we stated
last year had been taken up from Woolwich to that
dockyard to be prepared for a voyage to the Arctic re-
gions. The Phcenix, screw steam-sloop, was built at
Chatham in 1832, of 809 tons burthen, from a design by
Sir R. Seppings, and she was amongst the earliest Go-
vernment steamers fitted with a screw propeller and oscil-
lating engines, by John Penn and Son, of 260 horse-power.
She can stow 210 tons of coals, and has good accommo-
dation on board for the comfort of the crew, with ample
room for a large supply of stores. When brought down
to Woolwich in the course of next week, she will
have her boilers (now at this yard) put on board, and be
made ready to leave in the first week of May next for
the Arctic regions. It is not yet decided upon, but it is
fully expected that the Lady Franklin sailing vessel, for-
merly purchased by Government for Captain Penny's
expedition, and now at Chatham will accompany the
Phcenix as a store ship, and be also well supplied with
coals for the use of the Phcenix, and the vessels of Cap-
tain Sir Edward Belcher's expedition. The intention of
sending out Commander Inglefield's expedition is, in the
first instance, to proceed to Beechy Island with a fresh
supply of provisions and other stores, which will be
turned over to the North Star, Commander Pullen, ex-
pected to be found stationed there as a rendezvous for
the vessels of Sir Edward Belcher's expedition. The
Phcenix having accomplished that part of the object in
sending her during the present year to the Arctic regions,
will then be under a kind of discretionary power at the
command of Commander Inglefield, to proceed to Smith's
and Jones's Sound, and follow up the discoveries he made
in the former, in 1852, leaving the Lady Franklin,
sailing-tender to the Phoenix, at the Carey Islands, or
other eligible winter harbour at the part of Baffin's Bay,
at the mouth of Smith's Sound, as a rendezvous for the
officers and the crew of the Phcenix to fall back upon in
the event of any unforeseen accident to the steam-sloop.
Lady Franklin, the devoted wife of Sir John Franklin,
still entertains the fond hope that her long-absent hus-
band will again be restored to her, and her whole ener•
gies at the present time are directed to the sending out
the Isabel, screw steam-vessel of 16 nominal horse-power,
but, being on the high-pressure principle, capable of
working to a much higher power. • Mr. Kennedy, who
commanded the Prince Albert in her recent voyage to
the Arctic regions, visited the Isabel, at Woolwich, on
Thursday last, and made a minute inspection of her, as,
if it is finally decided that she will proceed to Behring
Straits, he will have the command, and be accompanied
by Mons. Bellot, the Frenchman who was with him during
the last voyage, and has again volunteered his services
most generously and gratuitously in any further service
Mr. Kennedy may enter upon, in compliance with the
wishes of Lady Franklin in search of Sir John Franklin.
Mr. Bardin, who accompanied Commander Inglefield
last year in the Isabel, as angineer of that vessel, has
also offered his services to proceed in her with Mr.
Kennedy. Mr. Bardin kept a diary of the voyage in
the Isabel with Commander Inglefield, and his account
is the most satisfactory refutation of the story of Adam
Beck, with reference to the murder of Sir John Franklin
and his crews, that has yet been given to the public. The
following is an extract from the diary :—" Sunday—
It came on to blow very fresh, when we stood off
from the land, and reached in towards the afternoon,
when the wind abated, and we rounded Cape Dudley
Digges. While running along the land observed some
natives on a glazier, which Sir John Ross has ren-
dered celebrated by a description of it in his first
voyage. At six p.m. ordered to get steam up whilst
Commander went on shore with Mr. Abernethy and
boat's crew, where they met eleven natives, four men,
four women, and three children, and had a conversation
with them through Mr. Abernethy, who told them of
the statement Adam Beck had made, that Sir John
Franklin, with his officers and crews of the. Erebus and
Terror, had been murdered by the Escimmaux. When
the steam was up, run in shore to pick up the boat.
One of the females made a plan of the coast on the land
for Mr. Abernethy. The females appear to be generally
of a more intellectual standard than the. men. Passed
one or two patches on the cliffs, but did not observe in
any place the least discolourment of the snow. We now
enjoy the blessing .of uninterrupted light, as the sun did
not set to-day until half-past 10 p.m.,
spirits and roseii swh
above
the horizon again at 1.30 a.m. Those jovial
are wont in England to communicate to all the inhabi-
tants in their loc,?lity,that it is not their intention to
go
home " till morning, ' would here have a very good apo-
logyo for not going home at all, as it would be a difficult
matter t 3 determine when it was night.
4‘ Monday—This day our search commenced ,in
earnest. At 4 a.m. made Wolstenholm Island, when
the commander drew my attention to the inaccuracy' of
the chart, as laid down by Mr. Saunders, Master of the
North Star, who has laid down Wolstenholm Island as
entirely blocking out from view the Saunders'
formslsland,
whereas it can be seen most distinctly,
a prominent object, from its formation andb being totall
totally quite
dis-
tinct from that of Wolstenholm Island. The other
clearly shows its volcanic origin, as in fact so does the
whole of the sound, particularly Mount Dundas. At
the south-east end of it we ran along the east side of the
bay, looking at every part of it in a most searching man-
ner, nothing like a cairn being visible in any part
of it. The whole of the above part of the Sound con-
sists of bold perpendicular cliffs, except towards
.th.e
south end, where the land gradually slopes unti_ltlirt
' reaches a very fine sandy beach, where the. North
ouSn'd
• wintered. After having carefully viewed i.t %tor
we bore away for the scene of Adam Beck s s ment,

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where we arrived at about 11.80 ~ when the e iVArt
mander, the doctor, Mr. Abernett ..nd myself, with car-
penters' mate, boatswain, and Simpson, got into her, : Ind
fulled on shore to Pomonack, where we landed and
und five Esquimaux huts, which we found deserted at
that time, but with every appearance of a recent vist•
having been paid to them by the Esquimaux, as we
found several stores of seal and walrus flesh stowed
away, and also their winter clothing. We examined
most minutely every part of their huts and stores. Mr.
Abernethy was particularly useful, from his great inti-
macy with the habits of the Esquimaux. We .also
looked into several graves, and pulled down a large
heap of stones, which was saturated with oil and blub-
ber. We had a hard job pulling it to pieces, but foutod
nothing in it, alter the most careful digging, but bone.q
of different animals, and certainly not the least trace of'
anything to lead us to suppose that ever . Sir John
Franklin had been there. The result of our labours
was a source of great satisfaction, as it set at rest all
doubts respecting Adam Beck's statement, as no greater
pains could ever be takenthan was done by Commander
Inglefield on the above occasion. Mr. Abernethy
has shown the greatest zeal in the work, as he was pre-
tent when Adam Beck made the statement to Si: JOl.-n

Ross, and heard him say there was a large cairn .erected*
under which the bones of the murdered crew were buried.
This having been stronly urged by Beck, made us more
determined, consequently the shovels and pickaxes were
set to work most unsparingly, and the work did not
cease until after we had got below the strata of bones,
and come to the hard frost-bound earth—then, and not
till then, did Mr. Abernethy cease his labours, being
then fully convinced that no reliance could be placed on
Adam's statement. Beck also stated that the chain
cables of the vessel had been buried betweeri the settle-
ment and an island laying off it, whereas there is not
an island within seven miles of it. There is a narrow
strip of land running out from it, being the only thing
bearing the least resemblance to anything like an island,
but the strip is on the north, and Mount Dundas on the
south side of the bay, at the bottom of which near a
beach the huts were situated."

ERICSSON'S CALORIC ENGINE.-MR. CRISPES
LECTURE AT IHE POLYTECHNIC INSTITU-
TION.

On Saturday, Mr. Crisps delivered a lecture at the
Royal Polytechnic Institution, Regent-street, on heated
air as a motive power, now- a subject' of great public . •
interest, as being likely to super49..theArse of steam as
a means of propulsion. The announcement in the
printed programme was that Mr. Crispe would give a
lecture on Thicsson's caloric engine, illustrated by mo-
dels and diagrams ; but the discourse delivered by that
gentleman seemed intended to question the originality
of Captain Ericsson's invention, whilst he explained and
illustrated it. The lecturer began by observing that
heated air, as a motive power, was now a subject which
was justly attracting the attention of the engineering
world. The immense benefits we had derived from the
use of steam had led us almost to look upon it with
a degree of reverence, and to anticipate its loss as a mo-
tive power, of which there was now a probability,
with a certain amount of regret. He referred, of
course, to Ericsson's caloric engine, which was now
likely to supersede the motive power we have employed
for years. With the view, then, of enabling the au-
dience, not wholly a scientific one, the better to under-
stand his explanation of the engine in question, the
lecturer proceeded to prove by a series of experiments,
familiar enough but not the less beautiful and interesting,
the power which the agency of heat has in expanding
bodies such as iron, water, and air. This principle, he
said, lay at the very root of Captain Ericsson's inven-
tion, for the caloric entirely depended for its action on
the expansibility of air by means of the application of
heat. The first person who attempted to apply this par-
ticular agent of heated air economically was Sir George
Cayley, the president of the Royal Polytechnic Institu-
tion. So far back as 181.7 that gentleman 'made the
matter public in a paper in Nicholson's Journal; though
he had contrived an apparatus some years previously for
proving the applicability of the principle in question.
Mr. Crispe here referred to a diagram exhibiting
the properties of Sir George Cayley's invention,
the chief of which was a piston moving up and down
a cylinder by the alternate action of heated and
cooled air applied to it. In 1817 (thelecturer continued)
Mr. James Stirling, of Glasgow, contrived an air engine
somewhat different from that of Sir George Cayley,
Stirling's engine, like that of Ericsson'sddepended on the
well-known principle in pneumatics already referred to
—that air has its bulk or pressure increased when its
temperature is raised, and diminished when its tempera-
ture is lowered. Iu the engine of Stirling, of which a
model was shown, two strong air-tight vessels were con-
nected with the opposite ends of a cylinder, in which a
piston worked in the usual manner. About four-fifths
of thpinterior space in these vessels was occupied by two
similar air-tight vessels or' phingers, suspended to the
opposite extremities of a• beam, and capable of being al-
ternately moved up and down to the extent of the re-
maining fifth. By the motion of these interior vessels,
which were filled with non-conducting substances, the
air to be operated upon was moved from one end of the
exterior vessels to the other, and as one end was kept
at a high temperature, and the other as cold as possible,
when the air was brought to the hot end it became heated
and had its pressure increased, and when brought to the
cold its heat and pressure diminished. As the interior
vessels necessarily moved in opposite directions, it fol-
lowed that the pressure of the enclosed air in the one
vessel was increased, while that of the other was dimi-
nished. A difference of pressure was thus produced
upon the opposite sides 91 thg, piston, which was thereby
made to move from the one end of te cylinder to the
other, and by continually reversing the motion of the
suspended bodies or plungers, the greater pressure was
successively thrown upon a different side, and a reci-
procating 'motion of the piston kept up. The piston
was connected with a fly-wheel in any of the usual
modes, and the plungers, by whose motion the air was
heated and cooled, were moved in the same manner and
nearly at the same relative time with the valves of a
steam-engine. Stirling, when exhibiting his machine
before the Institution of Civil Engineers in June, 1845,
aptly called it a differential engine, because the power
was produced by the difference of pressure arising from
the alternatives of temperature. It had been asked
(proceeded Mr. Crispe), how in Ericsson's engine the
air was heated and cooled sufficiently fast, for every time
the engine made a stroke the air which produced the
motion was heated and cooled ? He would explain that.
Some years after Stirling invented his air machine, he
(Stirling) added to it a supplemental contrivance, ich
he called a regenerator, as a means of saving the heat
employed in working the engine and enabling it repeat-
edly to expand the air before it was finally wasted or
Lost. By the regenerator, when it was necessary to cool
the air, after it had been brought to its greatest heat, it
was not at once brought into contact with the coldest
parts of the vessels ; that would indeed effectually
cool it ; but the heat, when thus extracted, would
be entirely lost, because it would never again be
taken up by a body warmer than itself. Instead of
that, therefore, the air, by means of the regenerator,
was made to pass from the hot to the cold end of the air
vessel, through a multitude of narrow passages composed
of layers of wire gauze, whose temperature was at first
nearly as great as that of the hot air, but gradually de.
dined till it became nearly as low as the coldest part of
the air vessel. As every body by contact will give out
heat to one that is colder than itself, the heated air when
it entered the narrow passages of the regenerator gave
out a portion of its heat even to the hottest part of these
passages, and continued in its progress to give out more
and more as the temperature of th ;passage was dimin-
ished, till at last, when it was ready to escape into the
cold part of the vessel, there was only a small portion of
the heat to be extracted in order to bring it to the lowest
temperature required. The regenerator, Mr. Crispe
contends, is a sine qua non with Ericsson's caloric en-
gine, for, without the regenerator,i wouldwhic
unques-
tionably a beautiful contrivance,l wasbe go
odfornaor h
thti ne of g
economy; and with
fuelthe might r egenebr ae t
carried.o r they
T knewhe not
lecturer,
f
with the assistance of a diagram, gave a description of
the merits of Ercisson's engine. It consisted of a
large working cylinder, with a furnace beneath for
1 the purpose of heating the air. Above was placed
a supply cylinder or air-pump, for the supply of the
working cylinder, and in connection with the latter
was the regenerator of which he had been speaking.
The alternative heating and cooling of the air in the
working cylinder gave a continually rising and falling
action to a plunger or piston inside the cylinder, which
in its turn communicated the power of propulsion to the
vessel. There were, however, defects in Ericsson's
engine. It was said in its favour that there was an
immense advantage in getting rid of the boilers incident
to a ship propelled by steam ; but it ought also to be
stated that Captain Ericsson, in lieu of the boilers, triad
introduced fourwoarkinfdenegtteca in
coo yrlipnders, each cf them 14 feet
in diameter, and four supply cylinders, each of than
diameter.nstantiy
goingkl ereown.as
Thalsoens:
gbereatwteednearof
and
wear 12
fromwas
armeositnteimnspeoshseaible p
heat at
rwheicrhlythteo air was
tewotrhkeedma, it-
chinery. So far, however, the contrivance was perfectly
successful. The lecturer, in conclusion, stated that
Captain Ericsson is a Swede by birth ; that he was born
in 1803 ; that he had been at work at his air engine
some thirty years, a model of which he came over to
England to work in' 1828 ; that he was the inventor of
the steam fire-engine ; that he competed for the prize
given for the best locomotive engine on the Manchester
\
and Liverpool Railway, previous to the opening of that
line ; and that the caloric engine was the latest con'
trivance he had brought before the world.
The lecture throughout was listened to with consider:
able interest, and portions of it elicited marks of aPPr°
bation.
0

THE MADIAI AND THE ENGLISH GOVERNXENT.
The General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland
have lost no opportunity of bringing the case of the per-
secuted Christians in Tuscany under the notice of her
Majesty's Government. Repeated memorials have been
sent on the subject, to the latest of which the fol;owing
answer from the Earl of Aberdee I has b een received :
" London, Jan. 23, 1853. Sir,— have had the honour
of receiving the memorial of the Committee on Popery,
appointed by the General Assembly of the Free Churai
of Scotland, settin, forth the case of the Madiai hus-
band and wife, who have been imprisoned by the Tuscan
Government for no other apparent offence than that of
reading the Scriptures. I beg to inform you, in answer,
that representations have been repeatedly addressed to
the Government of the Grand Duke on behalf of these
Tuscan subjects, and that a strong remonstrance was
very recently made through her Majesty's Minister at
Florence. I have only to add that her Majesty's Go-
vernment will lose no opportunity of protesting aggisist
an act so much at variance with the civilisation of
modern times, and will use all justifiable means to 1)XO
cure the
theheli honourberationof these
servant, ABEBD two unfortunate. persons.
I have ...•
to be, sir, your obedient imnalar,
. Rev. Dr. Tweedie."