The Sun.
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This horrible slaughter absolutely lasted for three
hours and a half, when Sir Charles, seeing that the
battle must be won or lost within twenty minutes
directed a desperate charge of cavalry on the right
of the Belooches, while the infantry made one more
final dash at the enemy, who at length gave way,
the grapeshot still pouring into their dense masses,
and the soldiers still using their bayonets with the
ferocity of men acimally steeped in blood and mad-
dened by the fury of the fight.
Such was the famous battle of Meeanee, fought
on the I.7th of February, 1843, and won by less
than 2,000 men against more than 30,000. The
dreadful result, as stated by Sir William Napier,
was that, of the British forces, twenty officers went
down, six killed, with two hundred and fifty ser-
geants and privates, of whom sixty were slain out-
right. " The loss of the Belooches was enormous,
almost exceeding belief. A careful computation
gave 6,000, and most of these died, as no quarter
was given." " Thus, in four hours two thousand
men struck down 6,ooo—three to each man.
We turn gladly from these horrible details of
human slaughter. Six of the Ameers at once sur-
rendered, yielded the fortress of Hydrabad, and
offered their rich swords and arms to the General,
who would not accept them. In a few days the
army took possession of Hydrabad—the Ameers,
who had none of them shown themselves in the
field, being left unmolested in their palaces. Still,
however, Scinde was not won. Shere Mahomed,
one of the most powerful, and, to do him jus-
tice, most manly of the Ameers, was collecting a
new army, and menacing a new war. Sir Charles
Napier contented himself with strengthening his
position, and Lord Ellenborough, with his con-
gratulations on Meeanee, sent reinforcements of in-
fantry, cavalry, and artillery—horse and camel.
The General's chief difficulty was about the captive
Ameers, who could not now be trusted, and whom
he determined to dethrone, and virtually to im-
prison. Into the much disputed policy of this ques-
tion we shall not enter. Possibly the General was
influenced by a phrase, which had got abroad
among the native population and the Belooches—
viz., " Cabul the British." Sir William Napier
is particularly anxious to vindicate his brother's
conduct as to these princes, and heaps up
masses of evidence to prove the wantonness and
cruelty of their former tyranny. We proceed,
however, with the narrative. Sir Charles, with his
troops refreshed and powerfully reinforced, sum-
moned Shere Mahomed, surnamed the " Lion," to
surrender. He was still expecting the arrival of
yet more reinforcements under Major Slack, when
he found that Mahomed intended to attack them
before they could effect a junction. By the skilful
manoeuvring of three bodies of his army, the gene-
ral out-generalled the " Lion," and then prepared
to give him fair and open battle. Even more than
Meeanee, the contest which ensued was a pitched
and stricken field. The two armies were drawn
out in regular military order facing each other, the
Belooches persevering in their usual tactics of con-
cealment.

DEATH OF LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR CHAS.

JAMES NAPIER.

It is with deep regret that we announce that this
very distinguished officer and remarkable man is
no more. He died at five o'clock yesterday morn-
ing, at his seat at Oaklands, near Portsmouth.
In losing Sir Charles Napier, the country loses
one of its brightest military ornaments, and one of
its most acute and indefatigable military adminis-
trators and reformers. In many respects, Sir
Charles stood markedly out, even amid the gallant
and able men amongst whom he spent his long and
adventurous life. Brave to rashness, and beyond
it—loving, in his early days, danger for its own
sake—adventurous to an extreme—indefatigable
in all he undertook—with as much fertility of in-
vention as rapidity in action—equally ready with
tongue, pen, and sword—and, to crown all, of a
strangely wild and eccentric appearance Sir.
Charles was a man perfectly sui generic. Able as
are and were the members of this able family, from
the time of Napier of Merchistoun downwards, per-
haps Sir Charles James Napier was, as a general,
an administrator, and a ruler, the ablest of them
all. The predominating quality of his mind may
be set down as a fiery energy and a restless longing
for action. He was keen in like and dislike, ut-
terly intolerant of all ablises. He always spoke
his mind, and in speaking it never failed to call a
spade a spade. Few officers in the British army
led such a life of continuous mental and physical
exertion as Sir Charles. At one time he was fight-
ing as a commissioned officer, at another as a volun-
teer. His exploits extended to sea as well as land.
Now we see him as the governor of a colony, again
as a negotiator, a diplomatist, and an administra-
tor, abolishing the savage customs of a fierce and
untractable people; -and introducing with vast
energy all manner of reforms in the discipline of
his own troops. Worn out at length, and riddled
with wounds received in the Peninsula and in
India, the body—not the indomitable mind—
gradually failed ; and after not less than fifty-four
years of service—by far the greater proportion of
the time, active service—the conqueror of Scinde,
and the hero of Hyderabad and Meanee, has
breathed his last, as did his great commander,
tranquilly in his bed. " You must go—or I
must," said the Duke, when our Indian empire
was shaken by warlike disaster. Now we have
neither, as councillor or defender.

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and now elevated, in June, 1811, to a lieutenant-
coloneley—the subject of this memoir recovered
soon enough to take a share in the hard-fought
fight of Fuentes d'Onore, where Lord Wellington
was also engaged with another division of the
army ; and he was present at the second siege of
Badajoz. It was during this siege that the dread-
fully' sanguine battle of Albuera was fought by the
British troops, under the command of Marshal Be-
resford, and the Spanish troops in full flight. The
circumstances of Albuera are well known. The po-
sition of the English army had become well nigh
desperate, when bya consummate movement directed
by Colonel Hardinge (now cowman ier-in-chief), the
tide was turned and the French (under &mit) routed
with wretched slaughter.
After taking part in innumerable skirmishes and
unrecorded rencontres, Lieutenant-Colonel Napier
returned to England and presently exchanged the
repose which the visit afforded him for the delights
of a fighting cruize off the Chesapeak, capturint,
American vessels and making frequent descents'
upon the coasts. This was, probably, the most
inglorious epoch of his life. Indeed the only
bright spot of that miserable war was the taking,
by the Shannon, of the Chesapeak—the exploit of
burning down Washington being one which we
have little to boast of. Back again in England,
upon the peace, Colonel Napier must, one would
think, have been grievously afflicted at missing
such a noble catastrophe as Waterloo. He arrived
however three days after the battle, took part in
the storming of the ramparts of Combray, and
accompanied the army to Paris. A period of mili-
tary inactivity followed, during part of which Co-
lonel Napier, being stationed in the Greek islands,
was appointed to the government of the island of
Cephalonia. His brother, in the introductory part
of the " Conquest of Scinde," is eloquent about the
excellent government bestowed by Colonel Napier
on the Cephalonese, who, he says, still call him
" Father,' and still cultivate and remit to him

the profits of a small patch of vines, Sir Charles
being ignorant even of the names of his attached
friends. Into the question of the recall of Sir
Charles from his Greek government we will not
enter. He was very indignant at the affair, and
expressed the same in very indignant phrases.
While in Cephalonia, Sir Charles concocted, with
Byron, a plan for the deliverance of Greece, which
however, says Sir William Napier, was disregarded
by the Greek committee in London, adding, "Why
it is for the Humes, the Ellices, and the Bowrings
to say."
After a short command of the military district of

Charles James Napier, the son of Col. Napier,
was born at Whitehall, London, on the 10th of
August, 1782. He is said to have been considered
a delicate child, and was brought up according ;
but if he was, he must have speedily, in common
phrase, grown out of it. Young Napier was re-
moved at an early age to Ireland—to Castletown,
in the county of Kildare. Here he received his
education, at the hands of his father, who, how-
ever, appears to have made it of the shortest, as,
before the boy had finished his twelfth year, he re-
ceived, on the 31st of January, 1794, an ensign's
commission in the 22d Regiment of Foot ; and on
the Bth of May following he was gazetted a lieu-
tenant. Here was quick promotion ; but stirring
times were at hand. The Reign of Terror was in
full swing, and the symptoms of Irish disaffection
were becoming visible. Four years after, that
country was in a blaze, and young Napier saw his
first service as aide-de-camp to Sir James Duff.
His regiment still keeping in Ireland, where it
was recruited, he was called out on the occasion of
the Emmett plot and insurrection, and the young
soldier had a second time the opportunity of seeing
the horrors of civil war. But he was soon destined
to a share in campaigning upon a greated scale.
Towards the end of 1803, he obtained his company,
and exchanged into the bOth, a regiment which is
popularly called in the army " The Dirty Half-
Hundred ;" but which calls itself, with more rea-
son, " Th Fighting Fiftieth," as on its colours
are emblazoned "Egypt," " imiera," " Corunna,"
" Almarez," " Vittoria," " Pyrenees," " Orthes,"
"Peninsula," " Panniar." Having been ap-
pointed to a majority on the 29th of May, 1806,
he commanded this regiment during the terrible
retreat on Corunna under Sir John Moore, and
during the fatal battle in which that gifted leader
fell. Nor had Major Napier much better fortune,
for he was wounded in five places and made
prisoner. The 42d and 50th had attacked and
driven the French out of a village called Elvina,
and Sir John Moore had sent a battalion of Guards
to reinforce the regiments in continuing the ad-
vance. The 42d, however, taking the Grenadiers
for a relief, partially fell back, leaving the 50th
fighting in some disorder amongst ruined houses
and garden walls. At this moment, the French,
having been powerfully reinforced, advanced in an
overwhelming charge, driving back the 50th into the
village. In the retreat, Major Stanhope, a nephew of
Mr. Pitt was killed, and Major Napier desperately
wounded and made prisoner. In his recently pub-
lished work, " English Battles and Sieges in the
Peninsula," Sir William Napier gives the following
compact account of the affair :—" Encompassed
by enemies and denied quarter, he received five
wounds, but he still fought and struggled for life
until a French drummer, with a generous heat and
indignation, forcibly rescued him from his bar-
barous assailants." We subjoin some details from
another authority, by whom Major Napier is re-
presented as having been taken in an attempt to
carry a gun which had committed great slaughter,
and was the identical one from which Sir John
Moore afterwards received his death-wound. This
statement receives some colouring from Napier,
who states that Sir John was in the thick of the
affair at Elvina, and was " dashed from his horse
to the ground. A cannon shot from the rock
battery had torn away all the flesh from his left
breast and shoulder, and broken the ribs over a
heart undaunted even by this terrible, this ghastly,
mortal hurt." To return, however, to Major
Napier. He is described as advancing over
broken ground, armed with a musket, and calling
on his men to follow him. Three of the four who
obeyed him fell in the attempt, the fourth was
wounded, and the rest hung back. Napier was in
the act of helping the wounded man when he was
struck by a musket-ball, which broke one of the
shank bones. Throwing down his musket, be was
hobbling along, leaning on his sword, when a
cowardly Frenchman ran his bayonet into his
back. The hurt, however, not being serious,
Major Napier turned round and disarmed his as-
sailant, now supported by several of his comrades,
whom the major gallantly faced until lie was
knocked down senseless by the butt-end of a mus-

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Between Gravesend and Intermediate Piers.. 6d. .. Os. 81.

the north of England, Sir Charles Napier, now
major-general, was ordered to take the command
of the army at Bombay ; and here commences the
most splendid period of his life, resulting in the
conquest, the pacification, and the great improve-
ment of Scinde. In 1841 he received the appoint-
ment, and immediately embarked. At Bombay he
soon attracted attention by the commencement of
that career of military reform for which he has be-
come so celebrated, attacking also the alleged
abuses of Lord Auckland's government, and re-
joicing in the advent of his lordship's successor,
the Earl of Ellenborough. At the suggestion of
the new Governor-General, Sir Charles drew up
the plan of an Afghanistan campaign. It was on
too extensive a scale to be adopted ; but he accom-
plished more practical matter, in breaking down
the prejudices of the Sepoys in favour of the match-
lock over the musket, and arraigned the absurd
custom of providing every English soldier upon the
march with a chest, four of which formed the load
of a camel. The 22d, having marched for Scinde
with 1,300 chests and 300 camels, Sir Charles him-
self went by sea to the mouth of the Indus, fifty-
four deaths from cholera occurring on the passage
among the troops, and arrived in a jaded condition
at Kurrachee, where he suffered a severe injury
from the explosion of a rocket. Nothing daunted,
this daring captain set at once about his duties.

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Scinde was in a very disordered condition,
and British influence much weakened by the
disasters of Cabul and Guznee, by the at-
tacks of the Hill Belooches, the defeat
of Colonel England, and the isolated po-
sition of General Nott, besieged in Candahar. But
Sir Charles wrote, " Danger from their warfare, I
can see none. I can beat all the princes in Scinde."
His first step, however, was the diplomatic one of
waiting upon the Ameers at Hyderabad. After
this he proceeded to Sukkur, and thence com-
menced his operations. He said he would reduce
the Ameers to an honest policy or a terrible war,
and he kept his word. These Ameers would ob-
serve no treaties. They made them and broke
them, and at last, Sir Charles Napier, seeing that
war was inevitable, turned his attention to the or-
ganisation of the army, and speedily issued the
subjoined very characteristic order :

"Gentlemen as well as beggars, if they like, may ride
to the devil when they get on horseback. But neither
gentlemen nor beggars have a right to send other people
to the devil, which will be the case if furious riding be
allowed in the bazaar. The major-general has placed a
detachment of horse at the disposal of Captain Pope,
who will arrest offenders and punish them, as far as the

regulations permit. And Captain Pope is not empowered
to let any one escape punishment, because, when orders

have been repeated and are not obeyed, it is thee to Cu.

force them—without obedience an army becomes a mob,
and a cantonment a bear garden ; the enforcement of
obedience is like physic, not agreeable but necessary."
Gradually arranging his plans for the campaign
—settling his points of defence and selecting his
points of attack, but still negotiating with the
treacherons Ameers—Sir Charles at length brought
matters to a head. He was fearfully over-
matched. At Meeanee there were stationed in

The battle was long and obstinately maintained ;
but, after much fierce and sanguinary fighting the
desperate charges of infantry and cavalry, and the
well-served artillery at length produced their effect
—the Belooches giving way after about three hours
of contest. Seventeen standards and fifteen guns
were the trophies of the fight. The " Lion" re-
tired to the desert, and a few days after the battle
the general was in the palace of the Ameers, and
master of Scinde ; having in sixteen days, with
5,000 men, defeated more than 25,000 in battle,
captured two great fortresses, Omercote and Hy-
drabad (which had been retaken during his ab-
sence), and marched two hundred miles under a
Scindian sun.

Lord Ellenborough now, upon his own authority,
constituted Sir Charles governor of Scinde, and re-
sponsible only to him ; and the general continued
his labour of entirely subjugating the Ameers, the
hill tribes, and, in general, the whole warlike popu-
lation, in all of which he was entirely successful.
The Belooches had received such fearful lessons at
the hands of the British that they confessed that
they would never face them in battle again. Mean-
time, the war of charges and counter-charges in
respect to Sir Charles's Scindian policy, which was
so long continued, was commencing, and Sir Charles
took a manful part in pen-and-ink self-defence.
Still, amid all this hard intellectual labour, he
worked, if possible, still harder at the improvement
of Scinde, and the elevation of its people. In fact,
he re-organised the native society ; Scinde was di-
vided into three great collectorates, which trans-
mitted every month their accounts and the amount
of taxes received to Hydrabad, the seat of govern-
ment. Powerful bodies of troops, with irregular
horsemen as police, protected the collectorates.
The next step was an amelioration of the adminis-
tration of the native law, which was effected by
keeping the local magistrates, called Kardars, well
in hand, and by paying them high salaries to make
it their interest to comply with the new regula-
tions. Sir Charles also put down the suttees, and
partially improved the feudal system, of holding
land for warlike services—the patches called " jag-
heers," belonging to the State, and being let out
by the chiefs and Ameers. At Kurrachee the Go-

entrenched fortifications 22,000. men, while Sir

vernor made great improvements,. and planned
more. But in the midst of all these enterprising
proceedings, the news—astounding to Sir Charles
—arrived of the recal of his great friend and sup-
porter, Lord Ellenborough. The event, however,
did not at all interfere with the Governor's active
operations. He took Hydrabad next in hand, and
greatly improved and strengthened it, and insti-
tuted a general survey. Proceeding to Sukkur, he
might be said to have made the tour of the pro-
vince—a point at which Sir William Napier's nar-
rative of the " Administration of Scinde " pauses
to recapitulate the Governor's achievements within
two years. We present the list. It is certainly
very marvellous :

Charles had but 2,800 troops in all, Sepoys and
English. Leaving, however, for the present, the
Ameers' troops unmolested, he pushed through a
wild country—nearly desert—to a mysterious for-
tification called Emaum Gliur, which no European
had ever seen, and which he ultimately reached
with fifty cavalry, two howitzers, and 300 Irish
infantry. A hostile army—ten times the number
of the British, hung upon his flank, but did not
venture to attack him. The fortification was
reached—a place with walls and towers perfectly
impregnable, but deserted. Mahommed Khan,
one of the Ameers who had retreated there, having
fled from it with his army and his treasury, leaving
all his stores and gunpowder behind. Sir Charles
and his handful of men immediately set to work,
mined the whole place, blew it up, and returned
across the desert without having lost a single man.
The Duke of Wellington alluded to this singular
exploit in his speech in the House of Lords as
follows :

ket, and was about to be despatched outright,
dragged him out of the me/ec. Sir William
Nwlaievnierthite
wbilelnbeevolent drummer interfered and
observed,
mentions five wounds ;
and in Hart's " Army List" the same number is
stated, to wit, " leg broken by a musket shot,
sabre cut on the head, in the back by a bayonet,
ribs broken by a cannon shot, and several severe

contusions."

_________
Soult received his gallant prisoner with a kind-
ness which was not his general characteristic, pro-
cured for him the necessary medical assistance, and
ojrissiogenerositynto go to
was
upon his recovery, which was rapid—for it would
appear, from several circumstances in his life, that
Sir Charles's flesh had a very fortunate facility in
paronbd his property
ably about the
hEenagl il na
ng dd
oins mpi sasreodl
eh. i mT,
hNivsi t
ahc
tpe
probably caused by the close of the campaign,
which was terminated by the battle of Corunna.
The belief in the meantime was prevalent in Eng-
land that Major Napier had been killed, and he
found
andi sm fi
nr i i es
tne
periot ends ie
d of forced inactivity which ensued, that Major
Napier commenced that literary career which he
di n
to. mourning,
I It
was
afterwards carried on during another compulsory
cessation from military services. His brother Sir
William, in his work " The Conquest of Scinde "
mentions several of these" productions, amongst
others, " The Colonies ;" Colonization, with re-
marks upon small farms and over population ;"
" Military Law," a work stated to be eloquent
and copious of anecdote ; " An Essay on the State
of Ireland," and " Notes upon De Vigny's Lights
and Shades of Military Life. ' It must have been
at an after period, after his Greek government,
that Sir Charles wrote the " Roads of Cephalonia,"
a natural subject for so great and enterprising a
road-maker 2 • and we learn that upon one occa-
sion—the date is not mentioned—the stern war-
rior and engineer unbent from professional topics
so far as to indite " ' Harold of England,' an his-
torical romance, not published, but worthy of
being so, and showing the author's versatile powers
of mind."
..

"As Sir C. Napier had now returned to Sukkur, after
withactions.aTcev‘c,l.
Two
as it were the round of Scinde in conquest, a
recapitulation tiutl asthi oanl l
bof e hisyet labourstbiek great
will not be
mispl
years only had elapsed since he had quitted Sukkur to
war on the Ameers. and in that time he had made the
march to Emaum Ghur in the great desert, gained two
great battles, reduced four large and many smaller for-
tresses, captured six sovereign princes, and subdued a
great kingdom. He had created and put in activity a
permanent civil administration in all its branches, had
conciliated the affections of the different races inhabiting
Scinde, had seized all the points of an intricate foreign po
licy, commenced a number of military and other well-consi-
dered public works, and planned still greater ones, not only
suited to the exigencies of the moment, but having also a
prospective utility of aim. In the execution of these
things he had travelled on camels and on horseback, at
the head of troops, more than two thousand miles, had

" Sir Charles Napier's march upon Emaum Ghur is
one of the most curious military feats which I have ever
known to be performed, or have ever perused an account
of in my life. He moved his troops through the desert
against hostile forces; he had his guns transported under
circumstances of extreme difficulty, and in a manner the
most extraordinary, and he cut off a retreat of the enemy
which rendered it impossible for them ever to regain
their positions."
Sir Charles now turned his attention to Meeanee
and the army of Belooches, organised by the
Ameers. The risk of encountering them seemed
fearful. The Belooches, though barbarians, fight
well, and preserve a species of discipline. Sir
Charles hoped that with his 2,600 men he could
attack and defeat a body of 16,000 Belooches before
the other divisions came up. He was disappointed,
for the night before the attack an army of 20,000
Belooches arrived, and Sir Charles found his 1,800
infantry and 800 cavalry drawn up opposite a host
of 25,000 infantry, and 10,000 irregular horsemen.
Yet he did not change his plan, although the Be-
looches were strongly posted in the bed and on the
bank of a dried up river. Perceiving that he could
not turn the flank of the foe, the General gave the
daring order for an attack in front. His little
army had been materially reduced by Colonel
Outram's escort, and a strong baggage guard de-
tached ; but full of enthusiasm and confident of
victory, 1,600 Englishmen and Sepoys, including
officers, advanced to the attack, the Belooches
being hidden behind their fortifications. Suddenly
Sir Charles perceived a wall with only one opening,
not very wide, and behind it swarmed the Beloo-
ches, and the General saw in an instant that they
intended to rush out through the opening. De-
taching the grenadier company of the 22d, he
told their Captain, Tew, that he was to block that
opening—to die in it if it were necessary. And the
gallant captain did die ; but the opening was
blocked, and the action of 6,000 men was paralysed
by the skilful disposition of eighty. The details
of the fearful battle which followed are too well
known to require minute recapitulation. Suffice it
to say that the vast multitude of Belooches, after
a first fire, rushed upon the 22d with a terrific cry,
waving their swords and covering themselves with
their shields. But, with shouts as loud and arms
as strong, the gallant 22d met them with, says Sir
W. Napier, " that queen of weapons the musket,
and sent their foremost masses rolling back in
blood." During this struggle, the English Sappers
fought gallantly, protecting the artillery, which,
having gained the flank, swept diagonally with
grape the crowded masses of the Belooches, who
" gave their breasts to the shot, and leaping at the
_ guns were blown away by twenties at a time,"

written, received, studied, and decided on between four
and five thousand official dispatches and reports—many
very elaborate—besides his private correspondence,

which was extensive, because he never failed to answer

all persons who addressed him, however humble or how-
ever unreasonable. He had besides read, not hastily,

________
But Sir Charles,
and en
in suspense of action on t
we find
findhunbascokagaieird
again
in the Penin-
sula, and, as a volunteer, fighting desperately at
the desperate fight at Coa, where he had two
horses shot under him—but escaped unhurt. At
Busaco, one of the hottest-fought battles of the
ware he was not so fortunate, being shot in the
face, having his jaw broken and his eye injured.
Good medical assistance not appearing to be at
hand, Sir Charles actually rode to Lisbon, a
distance of more than a hundred miles, and had the
ball extracted from where it had worked itself to,
behind his ear. Still not satisfied with fighting—

but attentively, all the diaries of the collectors and sub-
collectors, and had most anxiously considered the evi-

deuce in all capital trials. And these immense labours
were superadded to the usual duties imposed by the
command of a large army belonging to different Govern-
ments, namely, of England, Calcutta, Bombay, and
Madras. They were sustained without abatement under

severe attacks of illness, at the age of sixty-three, by a
man covered with wounds, and in a climate where the
mercury rises to 132 deg. in artificially-cooled tents.
They were sustained almost amidst every mortification,
every virulence of abuse, every form of intrigue which
disappointed cupidity could suggest to low-minded men,
sure of support from power, to him ungrateful, but to
their baseness indulgent and rewarding.
We must pass over encounters with the hill rob-
bers and brigand Belooches, and the formation of
a baggage camel corps—the men in uniform, and
armed and disciplined like regular soldiers. Mean-
time a Sikh war was impending, and, as a pre-
cautionary measure, Sir Charles got together a
Scindian and Bombay army of 15,000 men. While
this force was being collected, the battle of Fe-
rozhur was fought, and Sir Charles's plans for a
great invasion of the Sutlej were thrown over by
his army being ordered to Bhawalpoor by the new
Governor-General, while the battle of Sobraon,
putting an end to the war, put an end to
all Sir Charles's future schemes of conquest. He
found, however, quite enough to do in the paper
warfare in which he was unavoidably engaged. He
addressed manifestoes to the East India Company
and to the Board of Control, giving descriptions of
Scinde before and after he had conquered and, to
some degree, civilised it. Unwilling, however, to
leave Scinde without an attempt at rendering its
prosperity permanent, he managed, by means of
the strong influence which he now possessed over
the minds of the population, to change the feudal
system of landholding into a landlord and tenant
system, and then published one of his last manifes-
toes, which concludes as follows :
" 'My motives for this step,' he said, 'are that the
host of poor ryots, hitherto slaves, not only to the
Ameers but the jagheerdars, will be enfranchised, and
enabled to live in comfort if industrious ; and I know
that the nobles can never be good or contented subjects
unless we give them public employment, and honour
them. When civilisation advances they will, under this
system, find themselves rich, and they will embark in
mercantile pursuits and agricultural improvements, be'

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cat hey will find their property safe, and need not,
as heretofore, make themselves formidable as military
chiefs to retain it. But had I left them in possession of
their enormous jagheers, and their military tenures, and
their royalties, they would have always been dangerous
subjects. We have now put them down as military
chieftains, and we can keep them down because of their
semi-barbarism ; but hereafter we should find it very
difficult to deal with their more civilised sons, if they
continued to hold such immense tracts of land, which
advancing civilisation will change from wastes to fruit-
byatotapeehneindg th a
fruit-
ful possessions. Even under my system they will be.
come very powerful ; but I have established a counter-
check independentcen
farmers
now do for Scinde and its fine people.'
In July, 1847, the bad health of Lady Napier ren-
dered a colder clinrate necessary, and in October,
the ex-Governor of Scinde embarked amid a grand
military demonstration. Ile was received in his
the Government. te a
race
This of
is all I
native land with similar honours, though of a more
civil character. Thanks had already been vaed to
him by both Houses of Parliament for each of his
great victories, and his arrival was signalised by a
series of magnificent festivals, at which the strange,
yet noble and striking, presence of the warrior was
a theme of universal interest and a subject of uni-
versal observation.
For some time after his return home Sir Charles
Napier lived in semi-retirement, until the disasters
of the last Sikh war raised a perfect panic in Eng-
land, am! all eyes turned to the hero of Scinde as
the deliverer of our Indian empire. Prompt to
obey a call of duty, the veteran General started in
March, 1849, but found, on hiegsrival at Bombay,
that the Sikhs had been finay routed, and that
his work had been performed for him. There was
now no enemy to contend with, and no principality
to administer ; so Slr Charles set to work at his
favourite occupation of military reformation, which,
to judge by his first general order, issued after a
review at Lahore, was very decidedly required. The
following is the document
" Head-quarters, Camp, Lahore, Dec. 15, 1849.
"At the late review of the troops on the plain of Meean
Meer, the following egregious deficiencies were evident
to
1. That some commanders of regiments were unable
to bring their regiments properly into the general line.
"2, One commanding officer of a regiment attempted
to wheel his whole regiment as he would a company.
"3. Several officers commanding companies were seen
disordering their companies, by attempting to dress them
from the wrong flank.
" 4s When the line was ordered to be formed on the
left column, some commanders deployed too soon, and
ordered their lines (thus improperly formed) to doubl
quick,' in order to regain their position. This was all
bad ; but it was worse to see the regiments, on receiving
the word to double quick,' at once charge with loud
shouts—no such order to charge having been given by
any one, nor the word prepare to charge ;' nor did any-
thing occur to give a pretext for such a disgraceful
scene, exhibiting both want of drill and want of dis-
cipline !
5. Bad as this was, it was not the worst. When
these regiments chose to charge,' the Commander-in-
Chief, to his astonishment, beheld the men discharging
their firelocks straight up in the air ; and he saw some
men of the rear rank actually firing off their muskets to
the rear, over their shoulders, as their bearers (he will
not call them soldiers) were running to the front ! He
feels assured that no such scene could have occurred in
any other regiment in the army ; if ever such again hap-
pens, he will expose the commanding-officer of any such
regiment that so disgraces itself, in public orders, to the
whole Indian army. In the course of his service he
never before witnessed such a scene. No commander
could go into action with a regiment capable of such
conduct, without feeling certain that it would behave ill.
The Commander-in-Chief will, therefore, hold command.
ing officers responsible (for they alone are to blame) that
any soldier who shouts, or charges, or fires, without
orders, be instantly seized, tried at once by a drum-
head court-martial, and the sentence executed on the
spot. Courts-martial which try such dangerous of-
fenders will, the Commander-in-Chief has no doubt, up-
hold military discipline and military honour against
outrageous and criminal disorder. This order may
be deemed severe—the Commander-in-Chief means it to
be so, for he will not pass over without animadversion
faults which, if tolerated, would, in the event of war,
produce certain defeat to this army. The reviews which
the Commander-in-Chief makes of the troops are not to
be taken as so many chips in porridge.' They are made
for the purpose of ascertaining what officers are fit to
command battalions ; and there being no want of such
in the Indian army, he will feel it to be his bounden
duty to remove those who are not ; and whenever he
finds a regiment fire," shout,' or charge,' without
orders from its commander, he will, after this warning,
remove the latter from his command.
" The Sepoy is both a brave and an obedient soldier ;
and whenever he behaves ill, it is in a great measure the
fault of his commanding officer.
" The drill and discipline of all armies rest mainly
with the commanders of regiments and of companies.
They are in immediate contact with the officers, non-
commissioned officers, and private soldiers • and to them
general officers must look for that 'perfect obedience
without which any army is an armed mob, dangerous to
its friends, and contemptible to its enemies.
"The Commander-in-Chief does not hereby call on
commanding officers to torment those under their orders
by long and harassing drilling ; but he does call upon
them to instruct their officers and to instruct themselves,
and also their supernumerary ranks, that they are to
seize any man in their front who dares to shout, or talk,
or fire, or run, without orders. General officers com-
manding divisions and brigades in this army are called
upon to see that commanders of regiments (la their duty
on those points.

"The Commander-in-Chief does not apply this order
to all commanders ; he well knows that there are abun-
dant first-rate soldiers and first-rate regiments in the In-
dian army, but he applies it to those whose regiments
are in bad order.
" C. J. NAPIER, General, Commander-in-Chief."
There can be no doubt that, if Sir Charles Na-
pier was the sternest reformer, he was also the best
friend whom the army—officers and privates—ever
had. During his last two years in India, the abuses
which he corrected, and the excesses which he re-
strained, were perfectly numberless. In this good
work Sir Charles was no respecter of persons, and
treated majors and colonels precisely as he did cor-
porals and sergeants. The expensive habits of the
mess he resolutely put an end to in every regiment
under his control, and for a time, it is to be sup-
posed, he suppressed gambling. Sir Charles's own
manner of living was simple to severity. He was
quite content to subsist -upon th- ordinary allow-
ance of a soldier, and,,as lie actually practised what
he preached, his injunctions came with double
weight. Multiplicit: of officers' baggige was his
abhorrence ; and our readers will remember the
indignant, and no less amusing than indignant,
diatribe which he fulminated against trunks, port-
manteaus, carpet bags, and all such abominations,
contending that no officer on service has need of
any luggage except a small knapsack, with a couple
of shirts, as many socks, a second pair of shoes,
some soap, and a tooth-brush. These reforms pro-
duced the best effect, and we only hope that they
may be still in fore -3. After two years' residence
in India Sir Charles Napier bade a final adieu to
the East, and returned for the last time to Eng-
land, where he continued to reside in qui!t seclu-
istos
thn
e,t
iofmonllel yowlnveeo
dswa
to ent h
grave
Ira
siaappearing
nbsi_
sto dai
Ilan public.s4i
a
lCathedrallus illustrious
ri
ouThe,s

.

commaider. He then looked ill and wan, and
appeared to walk with pun and difficulty. Seventy-
',lie years, and nearly a score of wounds, or acci-
dents which were equivalent to wounds—fifty-four
years of the long period in question having been
m e ngetbrailto periodand
fl
three score and ten. But Sir Charles Napier has
theeliedl
efausltl ofof yesthaer
latter d otfhha
to nhoeu sa
s;
tahned
flan
tits
gneonneer
aof
have
evynes
exhausted
physical,
almost ni
every os t
nature,
unremitting
climate—such
e en bl aebf
before
ruelrift,ehem
l
who ever recorded in his dispatches the names of
private soldiers who had distinguished themselves,
side by side with those of officers.
G' C-

soifst,LinOogLiDwooflNnm:UMßEßLAND.—On Thursday a party, con-
br
e.
aCd leadr kb ey,
MMr..
C.
ve pe
rht r
tdb, e andu s
tMr a
li
r. Dan ega
er
oe
logist, obtained gold readily, by the common washing
process with the dish, at .the head of Borrowdale, and
also near Buttermere; 4t the former place the gold
was rather water-worn, and at the latter it assumed an
angular character, and was found in the ferruginous
earth lying on the surface of the clay and green stone
slates. The lump of gold mentioned in our last, found
by Mr. Calvert near Buttermere, presents a very beau-
tiful and rich appearance, and seems to encircle small
particles of silicia, and generally to be imbedded in, or
tinged by, the earthy oxide of iron. The weight of the
entire piece was 57 ounces, and is valued by Mr. Cal-
vert at 2211. In the gossan, at a mine near High
Ireby, Mr. Calvert detected small particles of gold, but
the softer gossans appeared to contain none. Near Bas-
senthwaite Lake, at a short distance from Peel Wyke,
Mr. Calvert obtained a very beautiful but small sample
of gold, in the reddish earth resting on the clay slates of
that locality. He is of opinion that gold is generally
diffused on the clay slates, and locally on the green stone
slates, throughout Cumberland ; but how far they will
pay, remains to be proved by deep workings in the beds
of rivers, where sufficient debris, or alluvial matter, has
accumulated. The result of a search through the Skid.
daw group was fruitless. Mr. Calvert is of opinion that
the mineral resources of Cumberland are not nearly fully
developed, as he has seen indications of rich copper and
lead lodes in maiden ground. We understand that he
intends to pursue his researches in Lanarkshire, where
he fully expects to find that the similarity of the geolo-
gical conditions with Australia will make the pursuit
of the precious metal equally profitable.—Carlisle
Patriot.
FRENCH COFFEE.—There is nothing which more
strongly baffles the skill of housewives in the metrorolis
than obtaining good, pure, and unadulterated coffee.
The generally admitted want of such an article is now
about to be met by the French Company, who had
a contract for supplying the refreshment rooms of the
Great Exhibition. They have opened an extensive
establishment in St. Martin's-lane, and the rapidity
with which the shares have been taken up, augurs well
for the success of the undertaking ; and lovers of the .
bean, in its pure state, we have no doubt, will kail
as anther tibluabit gift for ki 06R4 Frames