The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-19 00:00:00

TURKEY AND MONTENEGRO.

A Telegraphic despatch from Trieste, dated the
15th inst., announces the arrival at that port of
the Vice-resident of the Senate of Montenegro,
Georges Petrovitch Niegusch, cousin of the reign-
ing Prince. He was on his road to Vienna and
St. Petersbnrgh, on a special mission.
General Baron Kellner, adjutant of the Emperor
of Austria, and General Mamula, governor of Dal-
matia, had arrived at Cattaro. Different Austrian
battalions in Italy have received orders to march to
Dalmatia to strengthen the Austrian army there.
Omer Pacha (the Turkish general) arrived at Scu-
tari od. the 7th Jan., at the head of a large body of
troops, and proposed commencing the campaign at
once, without awaiting the spring. The Montene-
grins appear resolved on a determined resistance.
Prince Danilo had gone to Grahovo to concert
common measures of defence with the Voivode of
Wojatich, an independet prince, who has de-
clared himself for the Montenegrins.. This prince
was very recently decorated by the Emperor of
Russia with the order of St. Anne, third class.
The Prince of Montenegro also wears Russian
orders.

FOREIGN GOODS BY RAILWAY.—It having been found
that goods removed under bond by railway frequently
arrive at the port of destination before the receipt of the
letter of advice, the Custom authorities, in order to
avoid the inconvenience arising therefrom, have issued a
general order to all the ports in the kingdom, directing
that, in cases where the merchants do not require the
goods to be reweighed on delivery, the letters of advice
be forwarded when practicable on the day the orders for
delivery from the warehouse are issued, whether the
actual delivery shall have taken place or otherwise.
LABOURERS.—Emigration and a better system of cul-
tivation in Ireland will absorb all the able-bodied men
in that country, and leave England in 1853 sto its own
resources. Knowing the want there was of labourers
during the harvest of 1852, and the continued exodus to
the " gold diggings," it is the policy of farmers to
retain permanently a greater number of workmen on
their land. It cannot be expected that labourers will
remain in a locality where there is only a prospect of
employment during a part of the year, particularly
when emigration offers such a field for exertion. With
regard to the expense of paying fair wages all' the year,
or taking men on when pressed for time at double the
usual sum, comes to much the same thing at the end
of the year, as far as money is concerned, but makes a
wide difference between the connexion of master and
servant. The temporary help, on job, works hard for
himself, making hay while the sun shines, getting over
considerable ground ; but the question arises, is the
task so well finished as it would be by a constant la-
bourer, whose comfort throughout the year depends upon
attention to his master's interest as well as his own ? If
at this moment farmers complain of a paucity of labour.
ers (which is the case), what will be the consequence in
the spring, when all planting, sowing, and ploughing,
which ought to have been done in the winter, must then
be performed ? Let me advise agriculturists to retain
men and treat them liberally ; seven shillings a week in
rural districts, and that only in fine weather, is not
enough to insure a proper supply in the labour market.
If a different system of paying farm men is not adopted,
tenants will in a few months suffer severely in pocket.
Wages in the country vary from 7s. to 9s. per week in
dry weather, leaving an average, counting working days,
of not more than 6s. per week, if as much—a state of
things which must not continue, If farmers consult their
own interest.—Gardener's C7t. rentele.

A HIT IN THE DARK.—The Englishman (December 4)
publishes the following amusing episode in the Burmese
war :—" The setting sun was gilding the broad waters
of the Irrawaddy as the steamer Mozuffer, with the
Calcutta mail, cast her anchor below the Hastings shoal,
na amtbh about
edur latestet
dreading, at that late hour, to attempt its dangerous
oaasminikeedtdhehfoerlasatnbtdo-
passage. But a little time had she lain there when the
Mahanuddy, feeling her way, cautiously yet closely ap-
proachednveeswssel.,b,aTilhhineerg,nteanhwesdr—aotzhte
neffre-,owffiesaciererxiy:
50 persons, officers and privates, clustered round,
anxiously awaiting the desired information. 'News,'
responded a gruff voice from the Mozuffer,--.‘ ay,
is news, and good news too for you military. That old
woman, Godwin, has been superseded, and General
Cheape has been appointed to the command in his room.'
General Godwin was himself the officer who was asking
the news ; those around him were his staff, or the troops
proceeding to the capture of Pegue I We will not at-
tempt to describe the scene; it sufficeth to say that the
principal actor in it was furious, immediately stopped
the Mahanuddy, and ordered the officer commanding
the Mozuffer to send him his dispatches. Those present
tell us that it was difficult to say which was most amus-
ing, the rage of the General or the consternation on
board the Mozuffer, when they learnt the name and
rank of the officer to whom they had imparted the in.
teresting intelligence."
SUGAR, MOLASSES, AND RUM.---It appears from a re•
turn to the House of Commons, obtained upon the mo-
tion of Mr. James Wilson, that for the year ending the
sth of July last, the aggregate importation of unrefined '
sugar was 7,650,048 cwts. ; of refined sugar and sugar
candy, 275,186 cwts. ; of molasses, 592,665 cwts. ; and
of rum, 5,129,145 gallons. The aggregate duty was_
on sugar and molasses from British possessions,
3,077,5611. ; and on foreign, 1,276,042/.—making a total
of 4,353,603/. The duty received upon rum during the
same period was 1,101,2751., of which only 531. was for
foreign.
ARCHITECTURE AS A BRANCH OF EDUCATION.—The his-
tory of the world is forcibly illustrated by the history of
its buildings ; and the tale, so far from being dry and re-
pulsive, is singularly curious and interesting. It is not
unusual to find even educated men. admitting, without
any feeling of shame, their entire ignorance. of architec-
ture, both as regards its history, and principles. This
surely ought not to be, and need not be. The general
history of the art, and the leading features of architecture
as a science, should be communicated to the youth of
both sexes and of all grade§ before they leave school.—
Godwin's "History in Ruins."
"MEMENTO MORT." —ln Limerick Cathedral we
noticed the following peculiar inscription on a slab about
two feet by 18 inches :—" 'Memento mory.' Here Lieth
Littele Samuell Bari that great Undertaker of
famious citties clock and chime
maker, he made his one time goe early and latter, but
now he is returned to God is Cretor. The J 9 of No-
vember then he scest, And for his memory this here is
pleast by his son Ben, 1693."—The Builder.