The Sun.
London, England, 1853-10-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY' EVENING, OCTOBER 14, 1853.
ATTTIFS

1 all Agua Fria
1 all Anglo Austrlu. Gold 4d par
10s. all Anglo Californian spra
10 2 Australasian l4l d
20 5 Australian
1 all Australian Cordillera 4 4d
• 1 all Australian Freehold 4d
1 all Ave Maria —6 d
1 all Baden (Gd. Duchy of) 4d par
1 all British Austria. Gold d
20 13.5 British Iron 7 9
35 244 Brazilianlmp.(issued
at X 5 pm 2i 3,f
30 all Do. Cocaes & Cuiada 2 24
20 15 Do. St. John Del Rey 33 —34
1 4 Carson's Creek
40 all Cobre Copper 42 —45
5 1 Colonial
15 Copiapo
St. all Copper Min. of Eng 55 —65
25 all Do. Pref. 74 p. cent 6 7 p
5 all English and Austria
Copper Smeltg. Co 24 -- 3
20 all General
2 all Great Nugget Vein 4 -4p
2 all Do. Registered
3 all Great Polgooth
1 all Lake Bathurst 4— 4 d
1 all Liberty
3 all Linares - 94xd
1 all Lond.&Californ.Gold
Quartz Nit
ia Crush. Co A _
101 all
wlexariicg ian&s.
Amerien id
4
1 all New Granada
d— par
1 all Nouveau Monde --
10 5 Nova Scotia Mining
and Copper Smeltg
5 1 Port Philip s
"
1 all Quartz Rock d— 4 P 1
50 all Rhymney Iron
15 15 Do. New —
30 10i Santiago de Cuba
1 all South Australian
10 7 Tin Croft 5 7
284 all United Mexican 34 4
1 all Waller
1 all West Granada 4 4 d
1 all West Mariposa
1 all Yuba - d
JOINT-STOCK BANKS.
40 all Australasia 69 71
50 all British N. American
20 2 Chrtd. Bnk. of India,
Australia, & China 4d— par
100 25 Colonial
•••
100 20 Commercial of Load
20 10 English Scottish and
Australian 24d lid
20 15 Load. Chart. Bk. of
Australia 4d 4 p
50 20 London and County ...
50' 10 London Joint Stock 22 24 234
LOO 20 Load. & Westminster 33 34
20 2 Loadon Bank of Aus-
tralia and India ...
50 224 National of Ireland..
25 all Oriental Bank of
Corporation
25 5 Do. New —
00 25 Provincial of Ireland
10 all Do. New —
5 1 Royal Australn. Bkg
& Gold Imp Co 4 die— par
25 all ,South Australia —
25 all i Union of Australia 64 66 66
Now 6.4 74
50 10 'Union of London lB 19
10 all iUnion of Madrid

50
50'
100
20

SUDDEN DEATH OF THE COMPTROLLLE
OF TIIE COAST GUARD.

We regret to announce the death of Capt. Alexander
Ellice, the comptroller of the coast guard. The sad,event
took place suddenly, a few days since, in Scotland, from
an attack of apoplexy. He was much respected in the
service, and his loss will be severely deplored by many,
who will miss that consideration and appreciation
which they earned by their service under the gallant
and amiable chief of their department. Captain Ellie*
was always a favoured officer, and was always employed,
for he happened to possess the strong interest of the
Greys and Mintos ; but in his career, as will be seen
from " O'Byrne's Biography," he saw some war service,
and gained great experience in the many positions he
successively filled :

" Captain Ellice entered the navy August 2, 1806,
as a volunteer, on board the Crocodile, Captain
George Edmund Byron Bettesworth ; and on after-
wards joining, as midshipman, the Tartar, 32, was
present, May 15, 1808, in a severe action of an
hour and a half with a Danish flotilla, near Bergen,
on which occasion Captain Bettesworth was killed.
He continued to serve in the Tartar, under Captain
Joseph Baker, until transferred, in June, 1809, to the
Victory, 100, flag-ship, in the Baltic, of Sir James
Saumarez. From January, 1811, until June, 1813, he
was afterwards employed in the Mediterranean, un-
der Captain the Honourable Henry Duncan, in the
Imperieuse, 38 ; and, during that period, among other
services, he shared, August 17, 1812, in a spirited
skirmish with a powerful Neapolitan squadron in
the Bay of Naples. Being promoted from the Indus,
74, Captain William Hall Gage, to the rank of lieute-
nant, Oct. 30, 1813, Mr. Ellice subsequently joined ;
Jan. 18, 1814, the Caledonia, 120, bearing the flag of
Lord Exmouth, under whom he appears to have been
soon afterwards present in a partial action with the Tou-
lon fleet; June 2. 1814, and A pril2o, 1815, the Cossack,
22, and Tenedos, commanded on the North American
station by Capts. Lord Prudhoe, Hon. Robert Rodney,
and Hyde Parker; March 6, 1816, the Minden, 74, Capt.
Win. Paterson, in which ship, after participating in the
battle of Algiers, he served for four years in the East
Indies, under the flag of Sir Richard King; and May 27,
1822, as first-lieutenant, the Jupiter, 50, Capt. Geo. Au-
gustus Westphall, employed on particular service. As
commander (a rank he attained Feb. 19, 1823) Capt. Ellice
was stationed for some months in 1831 off Oporto, in
the Victor, 18. Attaining post-rank Dec. 20 in that
year, he was next appointed, August 16, 1834, and
August 27, 1835, to the Ocean, 80, and Howe, 120, flag
ships at Sheerness of the Hon. Charles Elphinstone
Fi ; Aug. 6, 1841, to the Astrina, 6, on the Fal-
tvamhtioecsutotloahurtytes;:taa:inishonant:Dn:i:esncd:S2toe,hp:kth.eB:4sl6Eon,,ashlmeBe4s3u,oentcoetethdheeedpbaoscoikrkestmrsoeiflrlyitahicinee
Hg_dewmaardrrPiery
seirri.tt.h2eBc,omptrollership of steam machinery.
the late Duchess of LelinBs2t6e,r. Lucyci, Frances, daughter of
. and grand-daughter of

,LOYD'S Sff.(THIS DAY.

LONDON, Oct. 14.--Wind this day at Noon, S.S.W.
light breeze, and fine weather.
Dominica ;
PLYMOUTH, Oustav ct. Wind, N.E. Arrived—Ashert,
Ge Adolphe, St. Domingo, with bowsprit
sprung, &c., from contact with the Sophia, Liverpool for
Dram, arrived here with damage to stern.
SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 13.—Arrived—La Plata (s), West
Indies—on freight 8,5001.
PORTSMOUTH, Oct. 13.—Wind, E. Arris ed—Solo,
Jourahaya, for Gothenburgh ; Wane, London, for Mel-
bourne, and proceeded for Southampton. Sailed—Vrouw
Johanna, Singapore ; H.M. st. Encounter, for Plymouth
and the East Indies.

COWES, Oct. 13.—Wind, strong. Arrived—Soberano,
Bahia.

FALMOUTH, Oct. 13.--Wind, N. Arrived—Lancashire
Witch, Bahia. Off Port—John Souchay, Hobart Town ;
Koophandel, Surinam, for Amsterdam ; Serene, Monte
Video, for Havre.

PENZANCE, Oct. 13.—Arrived—Ide, London, for Cape
of Good Hope ; Neptunus, Cardiff, to Leer, to stop a leak.
GOTHENBERG, Oct. B.—The Expedit, Riga to Hull, has
put in leaky, to discharge and repair ; part of cargo da-
m aged. The Admiral Drake, Hartlepool to this port,
was abandoned, the sth inst., but taken into Lysekhel by
some pilots and fishermen ; crew saved.
STROMNESS, Oct. 13.—The Scandinavian, St. Peters-
burgh to Liverpool, which put in here on the 27th ult.,
leaky, &c., will discharge.—The Tweed, of Wisbeach, has
put in here leaky.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
LIVERPOOL, Friday, 10 30 a.m.
Wind, E., moderate, and thick.
Arrived—Douro (s), from Oporto ; Countess of Winton,
Shanghai ; Ides, Malaga.
Off Port—Tagus, from Porto Cabello ; Crusader, Per•
nambuco

(BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH.)
DEAL, Friday, 9.32 a.m.
Wind, S.W., very find.
Passed—Comet, from Madeira, for London.
Anchored—Mary Bannatyne, from London, for Port
Philip; Justyn, from London, for Sydney; Joven Ar-
mindo, from London, for Oporto.
Sailed—The Delfino, for Amsterdam.

DANGEROUS STATE OF WESTMINSTER BRIDGE.—After
all the tinkering and cobbling which the bridge has un-
dergone, at no small expense, it is giving additional
warning that its end is nigh. For some years three of
its arches have been upheld by intricate crutches, which
greatly obstruct the navigation of the river, and three
years ago we pointed out the threatening and dis-
jointed condition of the fourth arch on the Middlesex
side. It was at that time patched up with cement,
and the cracks filled in, but this process only hid the
wrinkle, not removed it. The gap has again mani-
fested itself, and a wisp of hay, suspended by a rope
from the parapet, gives ominous warning that it is
dangerous for craft to pass under it ; but the pedes-
trians who go along have no note of preparation given
them. If it is considered necessary to have a wisp of hay for the under traffic, it is at least equally ne-
cessary to have a wisp of straw for the information
of the passenger traffic above. We understand the
new bridge will be commenced forthwith. Messrs.
Fox and Henderson are, it is stated, to have the con-
traot for its erection. Sir \V. Cubitt is the engineer.
PAUPERISM IN WALES.—The diminution of pauperism
in Wales at the present moment is very great, there
being scarcely any able.bodied paupers in the various
union houses. This is to be traced to the extraordinary
demand for labour at present existing all over the
country arising from the great number of public and
private works now in course of being carried out. The
applications for out-door relief have likewise very much
diminished, thus showing by the quickest and surest of
all tests that pauperism has much decreased. At Swan-
sea, Merthyr, &c., the expenditure has materially
decreased, and in other districts the rates have been
lowered to the extent of one quarter. In some parts of
North Wales there is a slight increase in the casual ex-
penditure, which is owing to the greater number of
tramps and wandering characters, rather than to any
increased pauperism in the localised population.
ytehti.s a
Aid ccceonnt.
h
THE COLLISION ON THE MIDLANDIRAILWAY.—The
coroner's
siderable number of witnesses have been examined, and
s
the investigation stands adjourned to Monday nut.
a not
bieneqnu
broughtiry into
o theto a circumstances
conclusion as of

COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL.

Yesterday a court was held for the dispatch of public
business. There was a full attendance of members,
there being several notices of public interest upon the
paper.

LITE.RATURR

By James

A Complete. System of Arithmetic.
Trotter. Oliver and Boyd.
The ingenious compiler of this little volume--
descriptive of " Theoretical and Practical Arith-
metic"—.has already rendered his name familiar to
ystudents
Logarithms"
in
t
n"
an
Manual of
Ingram's Mathematics." His present work will
United Kbyinhgidsom "Key by his
to
s
considerably extend his reputation. Adapted as
e T3te
an
it is to the use of schools, it may also be em-
ployed advantageously in the labour of self-
tuition. It commences by giving the whole
of the fundamental rules of arithmetic in
due succession, and having "grounded" the
scholar in these, carries him onward easily to their
application to mercantile computation. In this
manner the promise of the title-page is fulfilled.
The system here submitted to the use of students
is, as it professes to be, practical as well I,s theore-
tical in its information. After explaining the fun-
damental rules of the science, and their ordinary
application, the compiler advances to a higher stage
—to vulgar and decimal fractions—and then to
involution and evolution—subsequently to series
—and ultimately to annuities, certain and con-
tingent. The amount of knowledge comprised
in this volume within 300 pages, is creditable not
only to the industry of Mr. Trotter in its accumu-
lation, but to his skill in its arrangement. While
the present compilation is the latest, it is also
something more than that—it is about the
soundest of all popular works on arithmetic.

Speeches of Kossuth. Edited by Francis W. New.
man. Trilbner and Co.
In this singularly attractive volume are com-
prised several of those remarkable speeches,
by which Louis Kossuth has gained for him-
self the reputation of a very great orator among
the Anglo-Saxon population in both hemispheres.
Assuredly never before has foreigner spoken as
this one has, in a tongue not learned by him in
childhood among the familiar scenes of Fatherland.
Seldom, indeed, have we English listened to words
of more impassioned rhetoric from the lips of the
most gifted of our countrymen. In this, as in so
many other respects, the ex-Governor and some
time Liberator of Hungary stands alone among the
noble band of the more illustrious of the world's de-
magogues. After winning a great name in the midst
of his own people, he has acquired a new renown
in the land of his banishment. He came amongst
us with a glorious reputation to support, and that
reputation he has wonderfully enhanced, or rather
he has added reputation to reputation. His pa-
triotism he had already manifested in rousing and di-
recting the Magyar war of independence. His states-
manship he had attested by the successful acts of his
humane and powerful government. His eloquence
we had become conscious of, from listening to it at
rare intervals through the faint echoes of inadequate
translation. At last Kossuth himself arrived in
England, and we were enabled to see the man face
to face of whose deeds of glory and words of wisdom
we had heard so frequently—we were enabled to
measure the height of his genius and the depth of
his sensibility. And the Liberator of Hungary not
only came and took refuge on the soil of England,
but spoke in their own language to many thousands
of Englishmen. Spoke in broken accents, it is
true, but in words of winged eloquence. His
triumphal progress through England, and after
that through the United States of America, will not
speedily be lost to the popular recollection. If it
could otherwise fade away speedily--here is a
monument for its perpetuation. It has evidently
been a labour of love with the editor (Francis W.
Newman) the building up of this same monument.
He has his recompence however. For if he may be
said to have raised au intellectual effigy of the great
Hungarian patriot, he has availed himself of the
privilege of the sculptor—he has carved his own
name on the pedestal.

The History of the Taxation of England. By
William Tayler. Hope and Co.
How fruitful a theme for the arguments of the
politico-statician ! The HistOry of the Taxation.
of England—with an Account of the Rise and Pro-
gress of the National Debt. The History of the
Representative Government of the United King-
dom—with an account of the military and ma-
ritime victories, the warlike glory, and the
national crimes of the great Angl,o-Saxon race.
That is the correct signification of such annals and
of such a description—of the description of the
National Debt and of the annals of Taxation. It
is a subject of this character and of this magnitude
that Mr. Tayler, of the Middle Temple, has selected
for the display of his industry and lucidity in
compilation, and both of these merits he has re-
vealed in the present volume, in a manner calcu-
lated to earn for him something of a reputation.
Dividing the work before us into two parts, he has
treated first of the progress of Taxation from 1066,
in the reign of William the Conqueror to 1688, in
the reign of William of Orange, in other words, to
the period of the Revolution—recounting after-
wards the extraordinary strides of this dread and
bugbear of the British people, Taxation from
1688 in the age of William to 1853, in that
of Victoria. A resume of the whole, there given
by the compiler, will be perused by the reader
with advantage. Subsequently, will be found in
the volume three really useful appendices, fol-
lowed by an account, first, of the "Public In-
come," and then of the " Public Expenditure."
Among the persons whose names, speeches, and
opinions are referred to during the course of the
narrative, will be found enumerated almost all the
political celebrities from the days of Queen Anne
down to those of our present gracious Sovereign.
The catalogue, by the way, begins with Walpole
and ends with Disraeli. We can confidently com-
mend the book as a reliable authority upon the
subject of Taxation.

The London Season of 1853. By the Little St.
Leger. W. R. Sams.
A very inadequate notion could alone‘ be con-
veyed, by that abbreviated heading, of the fun
stored up in this delightful little poetic pleasantry.
Therefore let us give the title-page to our
readers in its entirety. Listen 1—" The London
Season of 1853; or, Lays, Musical and Lunatic: by
the Little St. Leger, thirty-first cousin to the
Great St. Leger." And a comical fellow to boot :
one who hath his " quips and his quiddities."
Read him and answer—aye, and we warrant your
answer will be rendered somewhat inarticu-
late by your laughter. For the Little Saint
Leger is most ludicrously and provokingly in-
coherent in his reminiscences. He never fails,
from the first stanza to the last, to preserve
in his own mind and in that of his reader that if
his lays are musical they are also decidedly lunatic.
The review he takes of the last season is such a
droll omnium gatherum. One can't help fancying
sometimes, at the end of a stanza, that it closes with
an Irish whoop and the flourish, not of a pen but of
a shilelah : the conceit comes forth with such a roar
of animal spirit and such a startling unexpected-
ness. Hear him—the bon vivant, with his concert
recollections :
" Mons. Jullien, that comical fellow,
Is gone with his band to New York,
With the great wonder, young Bottesini—
By Jove ! I cant't pull out this cork?"
Or, again, with his appetising thoughtfulness, the
gourmet !
" In September I go to Doncaster,
To see the great St. Leger race,
What fun we shall have, my dear fellow,—
Don't forget the greengages and plaice."
Is not this, however, sufficiently musical or lu-
natic ? Hear him a little later :
" How vexing to lose dear Ferraris,
And Sontag, the sweet evergreen !
Her Majesty's ajesty's opens
all's n
nextsseeraesoenr
season—
I'm tired—hurrah,
After that are you not satisfied ? If not—listen to
the Thirty-first Cousin to the Great St. Leger
carolling elsewhere of some of the motley sights
witnessed last
he
globe
tl ho be s
idolsea
id,rteebcapaLondoners.rls
:en roaming •
"HaveHEMyoownjtofliueonniaulnyare 1!
King Cole, you're a brick."
And so on throughout the whole of this length-
ened and fantastic celebration. After this royster-
ing account of the byegone season, we have in the
brochure before us, " the ninth statue," being a
graceful tribute to Anna Thillon ; " The Little
Bateman's" being a panegyric upon the genius of
those marvellous little children ; an " Acrostic"
on the name of Miss Romer • and the translation
of a letter written two or three years ago byßossini
—the last mentioned a charmingly humorous
piece of composition.

Travels in, the Steppes the Caspian Sea. By
Zavier Hommaire de Hell. Chapman and Hall.
If ever that notable civil engineer, wanderer,
man of letters, member of the Society Geologique
de France, and Knight of the Order of St. Vladi-
mir, of Russia, called by his terrible patronymic,
Xavier Hommaire de Hell, obtains an audience,
it will be now when a work relating to the subject
treated of in this goodly volume of his cannot fail
to prove attractive. The author sets out on his
rovings in Turkey, and closes them, for the time,
in Bessarabia. He conducts the reader by plea-
sant stages over the whole of those wonderful
steppes of the Caspian of which the book
in its very title purports to be descriptive. Inci-
dentally, moreover, lie carries us with him in ima-
gination through the Crimoea and, among other
scenes of strange interest, through the Caucasus.
Always, too, with an air of delightful vivacity
• E. e
cannot open his lips, or rather bestir his pen to the
outpouring of a sentence, ormuch more, of a chapter,

without letting you know by a pleasant experience
that he is the most lively and instructive of com-
I panions. He is this principally for the two rea-
sons, namely, because while he is a man of educa-
tion, he is a man also of vigilant observation. He
sees thinkingly—a commendation not always appli-
cable with truth to your lettered traveller. tinder this
simple title of " Travels" in the Steppes of the
Caspian Sea, in the Crimcea, and in the Caucasus,
M. Xavier Hommaire de Hell has compacted to-
gether an extraordinary mass of valuable and
curious information.

THE PEACE MOVEMENT.

(From, the Times.)
Mr. Cobden's position at Edinburgh is this—
that, because we have no cause to fear an attack
from the French Emperor at the present moment,
and because the fleets of the French and English
nations are now acting in alliance, therefore there
was no reason at any time to fear danger in this
country on the side of France. He speaks confi-
dently, and as though under the full conviction,
that, because the Anglo-French fleet is now acting
in amicable union at Constantinople, therefore we
were wrong in putting the country in a state of
defence at a time when it was absolutely defence-
less, and when the political fortunes of Europe
were in such uncertainty that our wisest statesmen
were living, as it were, from hand to mouth.
Would Mr. Cobden get ten men to agree with
him in opinion if he should endeavour to per-
suade a constituency that, because the relations
between France and England are at the present
moment what the most politic and prudent
men in either country would wish them ever
to remain, therefore we should disband our land
forces, give up the organisation of the militia,
send our ships into ordinary, and leave the
liberties of Europe under theprotection of the
French Emperor's sense of forbearance and Mr.
Cobden's rhetorical genius ? Mr.Cobden is pleased
to be facetious upon a subject on which we feel
little desire to jest. He draws apictuye of an in-
dividual who should have left his nratgebdcountry
for Australia at the time w
hoa M. laying a wager with General Brothertono w
he
inc
hwwa
we
will venture to say few men in his position would
have had the bad taste to accept. We were orga-
nising our militia—we were fortifying our coasts—
we were raising our Ordnance service from its then
deplorable condition—we were contriving the best
methods of carrying on commissariat operations in
case of need. Against whom were these prepara-
tions made ? Clearly against a possible attack from
France. There is no use in disguising the point.
This country has nothing to fear from invasion
save from our powerful neighbour. Well, then,
Mr. Cobden's Australian traveller returns, and
finds not only that a French invasion has not taken
place, but that actually the bonds of friendship
and alliance have been happily drawn so close be-
tween the two nations that their fleets are acting
in combination, and that they are endeavouring
together to maintain the peace of the world. The
inference drawn by Mr. Cobden's Anglo-Australian
member of the Patent Peace Association upon this
state of facts is so startling, that we will give it in
his own words :
" The first thing he would naturally ask would be,
Can Tot trust this individual whom you were not long
ago calling a brigand and a pirate? (Cheers.) Has
anything happened to prove that the Peace people were
right in their views ? (Hear, hear.) What has this
man done ? Has he given you any guarantee that when '
you go into action with the Russian fleet he has not
previously had an understanding with the Emperor of
Russia, and that, instead of joining you in pouring your
broadsides into the Russian fleet, he will, not aid Russia
in demolishing yours ? Unless he has undergone a great
change
,he may come back, after haNino,4e4royed your
fleet, land on your coast, ravage your towns, burn your
houses seize the Bank, and carry off the Queen. (Great
laugh :r.)"
This kolish creature of Mr. Cobden's imagination
is so highly amused with the result of the precau-
tionary measures, that he never thinks of asking
if they had not some slight effect in producing a
result which must give satisfaction to every friend
of humanity.
England is strong—England is secure. She is
rendered secure and strong by her fleets and by her
armies, and for this very reason it is that her alli-
ance is sought and valued, and that, in union with
France, she is able to uphold a policy of peace in
Europe. We say it without fear of contradiction,
the peace of the world is at present due to the at-
titude that England has assumed, and to the power
with which she is enabled to menace whoever
would disturb that peace. With what force could
she have intervened in the deliberations of Europe
if she had only presented herself in the attitude of
a mild ethical philosopher, suggesting peaceful con-
clusions, and hinting rather than asserting against
men of violence and blood the remote contingencies
of another and a better world ?
And yet Mr. Cobden claims a triumph for the
peace party as ho looks at the present condition of
Europe and the history of the movement. "I have
never," says Mr. Cobden, " alluded, in the House
of Commons or elsewhere, that I am aware of, to
that most consummate triumpliwhich this Conference
has effected, i n the change that has taken place since we
met at Manchester on the subject of a French
aggression." The language is somewhat mystic—
dark as an oracle—but we, who have no occasion
to shroud the simple truth in oracular garb, can
simply say that the great council of the nation,
with the full and hearty assent of nineteen-
twentieths of the population of these realms,
adopted a course upon the occasion directly in the
teeth of Mr. Cobden's suggestions. It was pre-
dicted at the time by those who recommended
these most wise and salutary measures of precau-
tion, that if their recommendations were adopted,
there would be an end of all aggressive and ambi-
tious thoughts upon the part of the French Go-
vernment as against this country. The recom-
mendations were adopted, the nations have re-
mained in perfect accord, and the greatest military
nation is associated with the greatest naval power
in the worthy object of preserving the general
peace. Mr. Cobden's advice was disregarded, and
we have found ourselves so much the better
for disregarding it that we have actually attained
the end he said we should attain if we adopted a
diametrically opposite course. But then Mr.
Cobden tells us—and here comes a revelation of
la haute politique—that if there had never bees
any apprehension of an invasion here from the other
side of the Channel, the Russian Czar would never
have been guilty of his aggression against Turkey.
We would simply remark that the dates, unfortu-
nately, overthrow this ingenious little theory. Had
the invasion of the Principalities occurred two years
ago, we might have supposed that the Emperor
Nicholas had calculated upon a hypothetical mis-
understanding between the French and English
Governments as likely to further his designs. Eng-
land, he might have thought, in her then defence-
less condition, might have been compelled to remain
a reluctant spectator of events which she was power-
less to prevent. But now, with our fleets on every
sea—with no war upon our hands—what a dull dog
the Russian Czar must be if he e rel.l upon such a
calculation ! No wonder Mr. Cobdens
imagined he
could crumple him up like a sheet of blotting-paper !
The peace movement, as it is called,
has been from the first the ruin of Mr. Cobden's 'reputation as a
statesman, and remains so still. Every time he
touches it he complicates his position, and brings
himself into still greater discredit.

THE PEACE CONFERENCE AND MR,
HENRY DRUMMOND, M.P.

The following letter has been addressed to the Secre-
tary of the Peace Society by Mr. Henry Drummond
m.p., in reply to an invitation sent to him to attend its
meetings about to be held in Edinburgh :

"Albury-park, Sept. 30.
" Sir,—You have invited me to go down to Edinburgh
to assist at a conference of persons calling themselves
' The Friends of Peace ;' and you have desired me, if I
cannot be present, to send you my written adhesion to
the objects of the conference.
" All people want peace. If the Emperor of Russia be
allowed to keep possession of Wallachia and Moldavia,
and to detach the subjects of the Porte from their duty to
their own Sovereign, no man will be more peaceable than
Nicholas. The title, therefore, of the body is not very
appropriate nor distinctive.
" In your address there are many trite truisms describ•
ing the evils of war, against which common-places no-
thing can be said. You consider it as a "Utopian
dream to bring about suddenly a miraculous transforma_
tion of human nature,' the indulgence of which 3en dis-
claim ; but your whole address proves that the only part
of the dream you
differ from is the suddenness
erso tos
o
I- the
`miraculous transformation,' and that you do
yourselves
to be the means of ushering i
n a universal
reign of peace by means of conferences.
men born into the world one killed the Of the first two
other ;
way ' human nature' has manifested itself and this
in
period, and ever will, unless it under ever since that
transformation.' go a `miraculous
"You endeavour to cast
sion of arms, and are
i,
.obloquy on the profes-
riors occupyiner b posts of.id it,,nant at ' successful war
Cabinets.' Take the distinction in Courts and
and take anyother army and the navy as a class,
classof in •
chants, tradesmen
chants,
them , manufacturers, savants, lawyers; com-
paretogetherdisinterestednessfor talents, patriotism, honour, virtue,
kindness, self-devotion—for, in short,
every quality that
ennobles man—and I assert that the
military class is
You beyond measure, superior to any other.
would prefer to see statues erected to those who
have been most eminent in the money-making arts of
and,
peace •
, instead of statues to Marlborough, Wel-
lington, Duncan, and Nelson, you would prefer to see
statues to the inventors of spinning jennies and rail-
roads, or to Kant and Jeremy Bentham. You think a
b
roadbrim in bronze more picturesque than a cocked
hat. You are severe upon Mars and Moloch, and pre- _
1