The Sun.
London, England, 1853-08-01 00:00:00

THE PUBLICATION OF

at length be answered by the entrance of the British
and French fleets into the Dardanelles. Europe
will have less reason to lament those insolently
aggressive acts on the part of Russia, which can-
not any longer be tolerated, with a loss of both
influence and reputation. Hitherto we have re-
marked a certain consistency in the criminal policy
of the AUTOCRAT—a steady advance from one
political crime to another, from the project
to the sened, from that to the note, thence
onwards to the ultimatum, and the crown-
ing of all those acts of turpitude by the
issuing of this decree, interfering with the
rights of the Danubian Principalities. As ever,
the world witnesses how one wickedness leads, as
by consequence, to another. Did not SENECA
write, per scelera semper sceleribus certum est iter ?
And has it not proved precisely thus with the
AUTOCRAT. That steady progress of his in the
development of a lawless and criminal ambition
must at length be resolutely interrupted.
Before another fortnight has elapsed the
CZAR must have accepted, unconditionally, the
altimatissimum sent by the Four Powers on the
24th ultimo to St. Petersburgh, or war must be
declared between Russia and the rest of the great
nations of Christendom. Any avoidance of this
alternative by France and England—and they
will have lost the glory of their reputation !

" That all is not gold which glitters" has been
the painful experience of many an emigrant to Ca-
lifornia and Australia, it is, however, worth while
for intending emigrants tobear in mind that the con-
verse of the old proverb is equally true, and that
much is gold which does not glitter. There is
nothing very brilliant to the eye in navvy-work,
in " lumbering" timber, and in working land,
cleared from the forest, amidst stumps of trees,
with a log cabin for a farm-house ; yet the gold
of California and Australia appears to find its way
to the toilers in these Canadian occupations, and
in quantities which make the possessors richer in
proportion to the cost of living than the great
majority of those who resort to the Gold Regions.
The latter appears, indeed, to be the land of gam-
bling work, while Canada holds out a sure prospect
of competency and comfort to the industrious and
sober man. Vast fortunes may, no doubt, be
made in a few days or weeks by those who get
into a lucky hole, or light upon a few monster
nuggets ; handsome earnings may also be realised
by a fair number, but a great many are utterly
unsuccessful, and must turn their hands to work-
ing for wages, enormous wages it is true. But
all the Australians, whether lucky or unlucky, or
earning extravagant wages, must pay almost fabu-
lous prices for the merest necessaries and conveni-
ences of life. In Canada, on the contrary, for those
who are able and willing to work, if there
are no prizes, it may be truly said that there are
also no blanks ; work is abundant, workmen are
well paid, provisions and other necessaries are
reasonable in price, and every good and sober
workman may command all the comforts he re-
quires,,can become in reasonable time a proprie-
tor of his own farm, aud, above all, can see his
way clear to full and profitable occupation for his
children for generations to come. This we regard as
oneof the great recommendations of Canada. It is a
splendid country, regularly and energetically, but
profitably, developing. It is ascertained by actual
survey of the Ottawa and its numerous tributaries
that if double the present supply of timber were
demanded, it could be furnished for 500 years to
come, while the land adjacent is magnificent for
agricultural purposes. Canadian timber, corn,
and flour will be needed in Europe for years, it
may be for centuries hence ; meantime, railroads
and other Government works are now proceeding
with spirit, providing immediate work for a large
number of hands, and likely for years to do so,
for the spirit of improvement is steadily advancing.
Index), Canada, under self-government, is fast
rivalling the United States, in " go-a-head" but
solid prosperity ; while it enjoys the proud dis-
tinction and contrast of being the land of the
free, alongside the great Slave-Republic. On the
north of the St. Lawrence, and the splendid lakes
from which it flows, man is man—on the south
side, a thing, a chattel. The kidnapper and the
slave-catcher roam unhindered, aided and abetted
indeed by republican laws, from the Gulf of
Mexico to the Canadian waters, but there these
demons, baptized by Christian names, must stop,
and must lay down their whips and fetters ere
they dare set their feet on the sacred shores of
Liberty. Canada is in truth to America what
Britain is to Europe ; it is the living protest
against despotism (a despotism infinitely more
relentless and barbarous than any in Europe) and
the asylum of the fugitive from oppression. How
can a Briton fail to prefer it ?
Mr. RONEY, whose deeply interesting letter,
which appeared in the Sun of Wednesday, has
suggested these observations, tells us that the
wages of labourers are 4s. British per day. That
for ls. the labourer can enjoy meat twice a-day,
and, allowing is. for other expenses, he eau have
2s. clear profit left upon his day's work. This
makes it quite plain that a sober and careful man,
beginning with plain work, may in a few years
find himself able to take a small farm, and gradu-
ally, with his own labour, and ttat of his rising
family, to become a substantial yeoman. Mr.
RONEY found, indeed, one instance of a coach-

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LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 1, 1853.

Again has the Eastern Question,- already, one
might conceive, sufficiently entangled, become
suddenly, and this time to all appearance inex-
tricably, complicated. Again, moreover, has the
additional complication arisen from the arrogance
and duplicity of the AUTOCRAT. A decree, it ap-
pears, has been unexpectedly issued by him, pro-
hibiting the Hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia
from paying any further tribute to the SULTAN,
their lawful Suzerain, forbidding them even to
continue any intercourse with the Government
of Constantinople. By issuing this extraordinary
and most unjustifiable decree it is, of course,
almost needless to show that the CZAR has again
been guilty of a most heinous and flagrant breach
of faith towards the great powers of Christendom.
For it must be remembered that it is, in effect,
in open contravention to the engagements entered
into by Russia through the proclamation of Prince
GORTSCHAKOFF'S proclamation, a proclamation
Pledging the CZAR to refrain from any direct or in-
direct violation of the constituted authorities in re-
ference to the interim administration of the Danu-
bian Principalities. Nevertheless, in the face of
that solemn promise, the Emperor NrciroLes has, ab-
ruptly as we have just intimated, forbidden the
Hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia to pay any
tribute henceforth to Asn-me-IVIED,un, their law-
ful Suzerain. An interference with the rights of
Turkey, with the laws of Europe, and with the
internal affairs of the Principalities !
As a natural consequence of this despotic man-
date on the part of the AUTOCRAT, we find that the
SULTAN has at once commanded the two Hospodars
to hasten from their respective capitals, Jassy and
Bucharest, to Constantinople. It is added by our
despatches that immediately this peremptory
order has been complied with by the Hospodars,
the British and French Consuls in the two cities
will strike their flags forthwith—the lawful autho-
rities in Moldavia and Wallachia being then
superseded by the lawless power exercised under
the invading banners of the AUTOCRAT. A. pro-
ceeding, indeed, of this decisive character can
alone be anticipated even in the event of those
consular agents of France and England exercising
ctory discretion. The result must
a merely perfun
therefore inevitably be war—war with the drawn
sword and the thrown-away scabbard—unless
hostile proceedings be prevented by timely intel-
ligence from St. Petersburgh. Theresptaill cifirceamtin.aoins
this chance of a tardy and honourable
It is still possible that before the 10th of this
present August we may learn that the CZAR has
acceded to the proposal forwarded on the
24th ultimo to his capital by agreement of
the British, French, Austrian, and Prussian
plenipotentiaries. It is still possible, in other
and plainer terms, that the ultimatissimum
despatched by the Four Powers, yesterday
se'nnight, from Vienna, towards St. Petersburg,
may be accepted by the Russian Government.
Any evasion of those proposals, any attempt made
by the CZAR to shuffle and procrastinate, must
lead at once to warfare—particularly after this
flagrantly unjustifiable decree in regard to the
internal affairs of the Moldavian and Wallachian
principalities. The passage of the Pruth will then

driver who is now worth 1,0001. and owns acapital
farm, who came into the district in 1841, with
only a dollar in his pocket ! How much more
likely is such a man and his family to retain
industrious and prosperous habits for many
years to come, than the lucky gold-finder who be-
comes rich by chance or speculation, and whose
dealings in the most common articles of life are

also at speculation prices. The " lumbermen," or
timber-cutters, earn also never less than a dollar
a day, and as their skill increases get a dollar and
_ _

a half ; that is, from four to six or seven shillings.
It appears from Mr. RONEY'S account, that a sur-
prising change takes place in the Irishman when

he gets among ' the lumberers"—" From the
moment they begin eating good and abundant
food, not only the muscular frame, but also the

intellect, expands ; and no one who has not seen

the contrast between the downcast, ill-fed, and
ragged Irish peasant in his own country, and the
same man, after even a few months' residence in

these provinces, could believe in its complete-
ness." While, therefore, with Mr. RONEY, we can
hardly persuade any man to leave the land of

his fathers, it is impossible not to wish that

the peasantry of Ireland may continue to throng
to a country which so completely renovates him ;
a country, where the case of the coachman just
mentioned, is so far from. being extraordinary,
that nearly all industrious and temperate Irishmen

(the latter requisite being quite as important as
- -

the former) were found to be more or less in the

same position. What equal chance of rising in
life have the great bulk even of our well-paid
workmen in England ? It really appears as if
the cry ought now to be, " Canada for the Irish."
It seems to be, as Mr. RONEY observes, " their
true California."

We commend one fact to the diligent study of
Sir Harry Inglis and all who shudder at the

thought of the Canadian Legislature secularising
the Clergy Reserves which are now in their own

power. ",Godliness" in Canada does really not
appear after all to depend on these litigated endow-
ments. " Whenever a district is about to be
arrangements are immediately made
settlement,
worship, and chapels and churches
the having
set tr
invariably
spring
whilsttlp witheclch therel i a
iootuhse rd
denomination
oonf
supports (and respectably supports) the clergymen,
of its persuascoioz
p.
etenStuch is the testimony of a
most highly
an d impartial
v.al
u e
to
ev witness.ery
i n d Te
..t
Useful in the debate ; but
notcom too
tolantelatteotboe beo
of
great
pendent thinker in many debates which w-e
shall
yet have on colonial church matters, and perhaps
on church matters nearer home too.

The Courts of Common Law (Ireland) Bill,
which had been introduced by the late law officer:,
of the Crown for the sister kingdom, and which
received so much discussion and calm and atten-
tive consideration in the House of Commons, has
at length been read a second time in the House
of Lords. We regret to find, however, that it
will not be permitted to pass into a law in its

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1853.