The Sun.
London, England, 1854-01-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY 'EVENING, JANUARY 25, 1854

1 garded as perfectly intolerable. The jinn entered
deeply into thefr souls. They determined to teach
the public that they could not be done with-
out, and, as the first lesson, simultaneously
withdrew from their respective stands. Great was
the consternation excited at the moment among
the elderly ladies and gentlemen, who, on busi-
ness or pleasure intent, arrived at the London
termini of the different railways. Here an " un-
protected female" bewailed her mournful lot, her
trunks, band-boxes, and brown paper parcels being
scattered about in admired confusion. There a
respectable "pater familias" listened to the objur-
gations of his spouse, while he vainly ransacked
his brains as to the most eligible mode of convey-
ing his wife and, numerous olive branches to their
remote destination. The enemy, meanwhile, made
the most of their temporary triumph. Crowds
attended at the different, places of public resort,
and jeered and bamboozled the unfortunate vic-
tims of the movement to their hearts' content.
At length they condescended to come round. The
movement had taken place at an inconvenient
season. Parliament was actually sitting at the
time, and had the malcontents continued the
war, very formidable results might be antici-
pated. A parley, therefore, took place. Mr. FITZ-
ROY promised to make some slight concessions,
and a truce was patched up, and Cabby re-
turned to his post, having given " a taste of his
quality " to his adversaries, and shown how great
was his power of annoyance.
Since that period he has found that the work-
ing of the new code is by no means so unfavour-
able as he had anticipated—that he had, in fact,
been frightened rather than hurt at the novel
regulations. He has therefore set himself to make
the best of, the job, to exact to the uttermost
farthing for every delay not sanctioned by the
Act. Formerly he could only charge for time or
distance ; now he can do so for both, except under
certain conditions never acted on, and which prac-
tically rendei the law on, that part of the subject
a dead letter.
.But a sudden shower brings him
in a regular harvest ; when a lady with a nume-
rous family of children are caught in the rain,
and obliged to pay more for one cab than they
could obtain three for, if so many were forth-
coming, and could be obtained. Great discrimi-
nation is, holvever, required in the selection of the
best customers in extracting the 6d. fare, and ob-
taining that which will pay nearly three times
the amount. This is rather a difficult
task, but experience has taught the modern
JEHU many valuable lessons, and amongst them
that of deciding on the value of a fare, at first
sight—deciding literally by the first impression.
Thus, it turns out, that some persons can never
find a vehicle disengaged. The driver has first
been chartered by " a gent. who has stepped over
the way .to get refreshment !" or " his hanimal is

vorn out, with fatigue, and he is on his vay to
the stable !" These excuses generally answer the
purpose. The applicant, discouraged, wends his
weary way until he finds some more complacent
driver, or an omnibus proceeding in the required
direction. Sometimes a very pertinacious and
stubborn customer is discovered, one who does
not quite approve of the ill-suppressed mirth that
finds its way along the rank, as Cabby asserts most
vehemently his pre-engagement. Such persons
sometimes resort to a summons, and it is, there-
fore, necessary to be prepared with a defence.
For this purpose, a new class has arisen, who are
ready to bear witness on any occasion in favour
of the inculpated JEHU. There are male and
female " mounters" always available, who will
swear anything that may be required, either
as to the fact of a pro-engagement, or
as to the politeness of demeanour and language of
the accused. By such evidence---for the mounter
generally has a plausible tale concocted as to his
or her occupation and respectability—the tables
are usually turned—the complainant finds to his
astonishment that•he is altogether in the wrong,
that it was he who displayed the violence of de-
meanour and of language very unbecoming his
position and station in society, and he finds that
through the fortunate presence of the disinterested
and unexceptionable witness his complaint is
dismissed with costs, and that he has also to
make ample compensation to Cabby for loss of
time, (h. The device was unquestionably in-
genious, and if not testifying very clearly as to
the morality, did so as to the acuteness and cun-
ning of the accused. But now that it is known,
its efficacy will be destroyed. It will henceforth
be incumbent on the presiding magistrate to insti-
tute a strict inquiry into the antecedents of every
person suspected of being a " mounter," and, if it
can be shown that the tale,is untrue, of commit-
ting the party to trial for perjury. By such
means the trick will be defeated—the deceiver
caught in his own toils, and Cabby will at length
learn that in his trade, as well as in all others,
" honesty is the best policy."

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, JAN. 24.

The dinner party yesterday included her Royal High-
ness the Duchess of Kent, the Archbishop of Canterbury,
the Earl and Countess of Clarendon, Viscount and Vis-
countess Hardinge, Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps, the
Lady in Waiting to the Duchess of Kent, and the
Baroness de Speth.

The band of the Ist Life Guards attended in the
Castle during dinner, and performed the following

pieces :

Overture, " Sophia Catharina"
Selection, " Mountain Sylph" Barnett.
Wralzer, " Narragansett" Gung'l.
Grand Selection, " Rigoletto" Verdi.
Polka, " Glocken" Herzog.
Schottische, " Edinburgh," on National
Melodies Labitzky.
Her Majesty's private band was afterwards in attend.
ance, and played the following compositions :
Overture, " Pastorale" Kalliwoda.
Duo, " Gustave"
Coro, " II Templario"

The Duke and Duchess of Argyll and the Earl and
Countess of Bessborough have been invited, and are ex-
pected this afternoon.

The Earl of Clarendon arrived in town yesterday
morning, to attend the Cabinet Council, from Windsor
Castle. Count Walewski, the French Ambassador,
paid a visit to the noble earl in the afternoon, at the
Foreign-office, Downing.street.
Mr. Monsell, M.P., had an interview with the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer on Monday, at his official resi-
dence in Downing-street.
The Royal Commission for Inquiring into the state of
the Corporation of the City of London met yesterday, at
the Privy Council-office, Downing-street. The Commis-
sioners present were the Right Hon. H. Lahouchere,
the Right Hon. Sir John Patteson, and G. Cornewall
Lewis, Esq.
Bishop Wilson had an interview with Viscount Pal.
merston on Monday, at the home-office.
Despatches wore received from the Governor of
Canada yesterday, at the Colonial-office.

CABINET COUNCIL.—A Cabinet Council was held at

the Foreign-office, Downing-street, yesterday afternoon.
The Ministers present were the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord
John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the
Duke of Argyll. Viscount Palmerston, the Earl of
Clarendon, the Duke of Newcastle, the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, Sir James Graham, Sir Charles Wood,
the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William
Molesworth. The Council sat four hours.

The Prince and Princess Edward of Saxe Weimar
have arrived in town from visiting the Duke arid
Dueness of Richmond, at Goodwood Park. His High-
ness is doing duty with his regiment, the 3d battalion
Grenadier Guards quartered at the Tower.

The Duke of Beaufort, and a party of sporting noble-
men and gentlemen are participating in the pleasures of
the hunt, at Badminton Park.

Lord John Russell's official banquet, on Monday
next, when the Queen's Speech will be read to a full
dress dinner party, including the mover and seconder of
the Address, will be given at the Foreign• Office, his
Lordship's mansion in Chesham•place not being suffi-
ciently capacious for so large a party.

The Lady Elizabeth Cornwallis arrived in Berkeley-
square yesterday, from Linton-place, near Maidstone.

Lord and Lady Alfred Paget and youthful family
arrived in Berkeley-square yesterday, from visiting the
Marquis of Anglesea at Beaudesert, where Viscount
and Viscountess Sydney and a limited circle have been
staying on a visit to the gallant and venerable field-
marshal during the last week.
The Earl and Countess of Clarendon entertained a
distinguished party at dinner last evening in Grosvenor-
crescent.

The Hon, Charles A. Murray, her Majesty's
Minister at Berne and suite, arrived yesterday at
Mivart's Hotel from Switzerland.

THE GRAND OPERA IN PARIS.—The English with
us complain loudly of the time wasted between the acts,
which formed a serious addition to the length of the
opera, the sederunt altogether occupying up wards of five
hours and a balf,--110lignanc$ No ginger,

MONEY MA RKE

AND
COMMEI?CiAL INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.
The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
estimated at from 3,000 to 4,000 bales, all to the
trade. The market was heavy, and prices of new
American at sid. to aid. were Id. per lb. lower ;
everything else flat. The sales include 100 Egyp-
tian at Gd. to Bd., 300 Surat at W. to 4d., and the
remainder American. Railway shares were again
lower, with more desire to sell.
Messrs. H. W. Jewesbury and Co. report as
follows :

" There has been decidedly an improved tone in the
foreign and colonial produce markets during the past
fourteen days. A large business has" been done for
home use, and also a fair amount for export. The im-
portations have been moderate, and as the deliveries
from the warehouses continue large, the stocks of many
of the leading articles show-a further decrease. The
articles which have most materially improved in value
are rice and saltpetre. Cochineal has been in increased
demand at advanced rates, and dyewoods generally are
also higher. Indigo and lac dye rule about
previous rates, but' safflower is rather easier for the
lower qualities. Unfortunately we are unable to
notice any change for the better in the aspect
of political affairs ; the prospects of a continua
tion of peace are diminishing daily ; it cannot, therefore,
be expected that confidence in mercantile transactions,
particularly for export, will continue. The strikes in the
manufacturing districts, although partially ended, are.
still in a very unsatisfactory state, and large numbers
are out of employment. The further rise which has
taken place in the necessaries of life must be severely
felt by the labouring classes. From the continental
produce markets the late reports notice that prices re-
main firm, but with the exception of some business in
rice, the demand generally was confined to actual re-
quirements. In our cotton manufacturing districts,
there has been more doing in goods suitable for the
India markets, since the receipt of the last advices, but
for cloth generally the demand is only moderate. In
the woollen districts the transactions have been consi-
derable, at firm prices."
Under this head, an interesting extract respect-
ing the trade of Russia, and the loss she must sus-
tain by a conflict with Europe, was given a few
days since from the Bankers' Circular. The fcl-
lowing remarks from the same source are based
upon data, embracing the whole of the year 1851 :
" Perhaps it may interest our agricultural readers to
know that the exports of grain from the Russian Em-
pire, exclusive of those from the Kingdom of Poland, in
1851, amounted to no less than 19,393,281 roubles, or
about 3,000,0001. sterling. And it is probable that their
value will greatly exceed this amount for the year just
ended, inasmuch as our imports of wheat alone during
the first nine months of 1853 exceeded those of the total
quantity for the year 1851, by 773,507 quarters against
699,684 quarters.
" And it appears from their official returns that the
proportion of the exterior commerce carried on with
Europe in 1851, amounted to about 79,000,000 roubles
in the exports, or about 81 per cent. of the entire value,
and the imports from the same quarter to 78,000,000
roubles, or about 75 per cent. of the entire value.
" Hence we may infer that, if Russia be determined
to act hostility to the Ither great Powers of Europe, she
must be prepared to sacrifice a great proportion of her
exterior commerce, in which she will have to play a very
hazardous game. For, to admit the posibility of her
success in a military point of view, would be nothing
less than giving to despotism the power of triumph over
freedom and civilisation.
BRITISH MlNEs.—Transactions in shares this
day were more frequent than yesterday, in conse-
quence of buyers being more numerous. Those
most in favour are Alfred Consols, 25 ; Tremayne,
10 ; Molland, ; Bedford United, 8k 9 ; Wheal
Buller, 1,100 1,110 ; Sortridge Consols, 225. 6d.,
275. 6d. ; Tamar Marias, Bs., ; Great Tregune
Consols, 3 I; Treleigh, 2 ; East Russells, 61; Comb-
martins, 6s. ; Poltimores, 1 ; Great Crinnis,
305.; Treweathas, 4 ; Wheal Edward, 2k 3 ; and
So. Cork, 15s. 1.
At the meeting of the Shareholders of the Old
Trewether Consols Company yesterday, some good
samples of antimony, silver-lead and copper ores
were exhibited, which have just been raised on the
setts. Due activity seemed to have been displayed
by themanagers of this undertaking, as the engine
only went to work on the 4th inst., to fork the
water out of the old workings, yet many tons of anti-

molly are stated to be now on the surface, and only
a small expense is said to have been incurred to
arrive at this result, which is important to the in-
terests of the slmreholders.

Yesterday afternoon, the quotations for bills
were a shade higher upon the principal Continental
cities. Paris, 90 days, was 25 27i to 30 ; Amster-
dam, 1115'i to ; Hamhurgh, 13 4/. to 41, and
Trieste, .12 55 to 13.

There is a gratifying change in the English

funds, consequent upon the important fact that
the Emperor of Russia has not acted up to his pre-
vious declaration, and recalled the ambassadors
upon hearing of the entry of the combined fleets,
The speculators for a fall have been buying back,
and as stated frequently under this head, there will

be a great reaction should there ba even the ap-
pearance of a preservation of peace, for the obvious
reasons that the public have large surpluses ready
for investment, and that Bearing always predomi-
nates in periods of doubt and anxiety like the
present, since capitalists and others holding largely
of stocks and shares are compelled, as a matter of
prudence, to sell for time in order to protect them-
selves against loss. Consols have been 90g to 1,
and since 91 to 91k. Exchequer Bills are 7s. to
10s. premium. Bank Stock has been firm at 216.

Foreign Securities participate in the buoyancy
of our own securities. Russian 5 per Cents. hal e
been up to 105 and 107, and the 4i- per Cents. to
861 and 87. Spanish 3 per Cents. bring 40 to 1,
and the Deferred 19 to l. Mexican Bonds are worth
23, and Grenada Deferred 61. Brazilian Old
Stock is at 96. Belgian 41 per Cents. are 871, and
the Dutch 4 per Cents. 91 to 911.
Railways are up 1 to 2 per cent. in many in-
stances, although there is not a large business
doing. Caledonian, Great Western, Lancashire
and Yorkshire, Midland, and North British are
very buoyant. French shares have recovered
nearly 21., and the Belgian lines in proportion.
The current prices for the Jamaica Mines not
officially quoted, are as follows :—Jamaica, par to
premium; Metcalfe, to premium; Sue River,
discount to par; Port Royal, toe premium.
The Gold Mine shares are much the same, excep t
Agua Fria, which have advanced.

Joint Stock Bank shares have been nominally
rather firmer.

There is an improvement of IL. to 2/. in Austra•
dan Agricultural shares.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)

Business done.
Bank Stock
i per Cent. Reduced Annuities
3 per Cent, Consols Annuities . 3O, f; 11,- 90i
Neva 31 per Cent. Annuities 9li 2g A
India Bonds, £IOOO
Ditto, under £lOOO par
Consols for Account 15th Feb. 94 14- 00i
Exchequer Bills, ld.
£l000
£5OO 7lO p
'
Small 7lO p

PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
rirazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. 96
Chilian Bonds, 6 per Cent lO2
Grenada Bonds, Deferred
Mexican 3 per Cent.
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent.
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £ St lO5 7
Ditto 4i per Cent B7
Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent... ...... 87 0.
Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 39 401
Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent. l9
Ditto Passive (Converted)
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Beigianlßonds 41 per Cent. ex. 25 fr
Dutch Exchange, 21 per Cent. 12 Guil 6O 1
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates

HALF-PAST TWO.
Consols 9oi
Ditto February Account

DETERMINED SUICIDE IN TOWER-STREET POLICE
STATION-HOUSE, WATERLOO-ROAD.—This morning, W.
Payne, Esq., the coroner, received information of the
death of Isaac Plank, aged 40 years, No. 41, New-street,
Webber-street, Blackfriars, who committed self-destruc-
tion under the following melancholy circumstances. It
appears the deceased was taken to Tower-street station-
house, Waterloo-road, for making a disturbance, and
locked up. When police-constable Henry Percy, No. 74
L, went to visit him in the cell, be found he had delibe-
rately drawn a razor across his throat, inflicting a fright-
ful gash, by which the windpipe and carotid artery were
divided. He was instantly conveyed to St. Tiomas's
Hospital, where Mr. Dickinson, house surgeon, attended
by the medical staff of that valuable institution, afforded
prompt attention to the sufferer, who gradually sank
and expired shortly on his admission. The razor was
concealed about his person, as it was not found by the
office ;on searching.

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS

RUSSIA AND TURKEY,

It is stated, says the Paris correspondent of the
Times, writing yesterday evening, that despatches
were received on Monday evening at the Russian
Embassy from St. Petersburg; and though their
contents are not known with any degree of certainty,
they are supposed to contain the Emperor's reply
to the note of which M. de Reizet was the bearer,
and the notification of the entry of the combined
squadrons into the Black Sea. That reply, though
not described as couched in any very strong lan-
guage, is nevertheless of such a character as leaves
little hope of a change in the Emperor's 'mind. It
demands, it is said, explanations as to what the
French Government moans by making the Black Sea
neutral, and requires that a declaration of such neu-
trality shall be set forth in an official memorandum.
Otherwise the reply is, as usual, evasive. The Czar
makes the old protestations of the purity of his in-
tentions and the harmlessness of his designs, and
though ravaging the Principalities and burning the
Turkish ships at Sinope, he still declares that war
is not his desire, nor conquest his object. His in-
tentions are pacific, non-aggressive, and though
his troops may be established in the Ottoman terri-
tory, aggrandizement is as far from his mind as
ever: At the order given to the fleets to enter the
Black Sea he is understood to express his surprise
and regret, as the Powers must know that Russia
is not at war with France aid England, but only
with Turkey. It is a personal quarrel between him
and the Sultan, with which the Powers have
no concern whatever. If such be the true charac-
ter of the despatches, they would seem to be little
more than a repetition, or rather compendium, of
all that has been already said and written on this
luckless Eastern question. The recall of the Am-
bassadors from London and Paris may be more or
less imminent, according to the refusal of these
Governments to such a demand. The Czar seems
unwilling to abandon to the last moment the part
he has hitherto assumed—not the wrong-doer, but
the wronged—not the attacker, but the attacked ;
and ho evidently prefers leaving to England and
France the initiative in the complete rupture of
diplomatic relations. •
The Vienna correspondent of the Morning
Chronicle of Jan. 21, writes :—ln the beginning of
the present week it was intimated to me that the
Czar would most probably answer the notification
of the entry of the combined fleets into the Black
Sea in an angry tone, and order his ambassadors at
London and Paris to leave their posts, at least for
a time. Since then, it would appear that a some-
what less resolute mode of replying to the said no-
tification has been determined upon. The notifi-
cation in question was verbally communicated to
Count Nesselrode on the 12th inst. ; and as "peace
or war" depends upon the answer, it would seem
likely, from the latest information, that the'prima
facie casus belli, which the said notification is sup-
posed to involve, will be momentarily ignored; and
that the Russian Cabinet will most probably de-
mand formal explanations thereon, copies of., the
special instructions given to the English and
French admirals in the Euxine, and so forth. If
the Czar should determine to frame his preliminary
answer in this manner, of course the immediate
consequence will be that an additional delay of
three or four weeks will ensue before the question
of "peace or war" between Russia and the Western
Powers will be determined. Meanwhile, no doubt,
the Czar's caution may be construed favourably ;
and yet, if I am not greatly mistaken, all these
manoeuvres to gain time will soon be exhausted.
Russia will not tamely submit to be humiliated ;
and as for the last peace project agreed to at Con-
stantinople, the Czar will surely not accept it, un-
less the Porte consents to enter into direct negotia-
tions with the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh.
The passage of the Danube by the Russians ap-
pears to be confirmed by news received in Paris.
It is believed that from 10,000 to 15,000 have
passed in the spot indicated, and it is certain that
that corps will be followed by others ; and we may
expect for a desperate attempt at as complete an
invasion of Bulgaria, for the movement of troops in
Russia is very great. The Emperor has in this, as in
other matters, disappointed all anticipation ; he has
not waited for spring to resume his operations ; and
while receiving and answering protocols and ulti-
matums he has been acting. The passage of the
Danube creates a new embarrassment to the
Powers. By perhaps a strained construction of
words the passage of the Pruth and the occupation
of the Principalities were pronounced not to be in
strictness a casus belli ; the exceptional position of
these provinces justifying the doubt, and the benefit
of the doubt was given to the Czar. The question
may now arise whether the passage of the Danube,
which is regarded as the real answer to the entry
of the combined fleets into the Black Sea, ought
to be regarded by the Powers as a casus belli, or
merely a simple act of intrusion,, condemnable to
be sure, but yet necessitating the application of
the u/tima ratio. If the Russians enter the Balkan
passes and invade Roumelia, the same question

may arise.
In the Journal de St. Petersbourg of the 15th
inclusively, there is nothing respecting the move-
ments of the Russians in the Principalities of the
Danube, or any other operations of the Russian
armies.
By a rescript dated the 23d ult. the Emperor of
Russia has conferred the order of the White Eagle
on Vice-Admiral Stanukovitch, Cowman3ant of
the port of Sebastopol and Military Governor of
the town.
The Trieste Gazette states that the restrictions
imposed by Prince dortschakoff on neutral vessels
in the Lower Danube have rendered navigation
there impossible, and that Austrian commerce will
suffer more than that of any other nation.
It is affirmed in monetary circles usually well in-
formed that Austria has notified to Russia her
fixed determination to maintain an armed neu-
trality, provided the Czar adheres to his engage-
ment that he aims at no territorial aggrandise-
ment. In the event of this pledge of the Czar be-
ing broken, it is stated Austria would assume an
attitude antagonistic to Russia.
A letter from Hermannstadt, Jan. 20, mentions
that Prince Gortschakoff had left Bucharest with
two regiments of infantry and several squadrons of
hussars and Cossacks, for Krajova, whence he pro-
ceeds to Radovan, the present centre of General
Aurep's corps. General Dumont is among the
Russian officers severely wounded.
A private letter, dated Sophia, Jan. 12, states
that on the 10th several thousand men of the gar
rison there were marched down towards Wid.din.
On the 12th 3,000 irregulars arrived at Sophia.
The announcement of the passage of the Danube
at Silistria by the Russians, originally made in the
Vienna Frenden Blatt, is not confirmed, but other
despatches from Bucharest state that the Russians
were very active along the whole line of the Danube,
and it is not improbable that aggressions on the
right bank may have taken place at more than one
point. The statement that Silistria had fallen into
the hands of the Russians is now explained to apply,
not to the celebrated fortress there, which is known
to be capable of resisting a considerable force, but
to a locality in the neighbourhood.
Accounts from Sebastopol of the 10th, received
through Bucharest, state that all the Russian ships
are kept close in port. Small steamers keep the
IRussian Admiral well informed of the French and
English fleets. On the '7th two steamers from the
fleets brought an official message for the Russian
Admiral. Since that date neither the French nor
English flag had been seen. There was a violent
sea storm on the 6th.
Letters from Odessa of the 12th state that no
French or English war ships had been seen there.
The British steamer, Prometheus, was at Varna
on the 2nd inst. The captain, it was said, was
b
lookina in the Gulf of Burgos for a good anchorage

for the fleets.
The report that oto Russians bad blockaded
Varna was incorrect.
A letter from Vienna of the 20th, to the Cologne
Gazette, says :—"News have arrived here to-day
to the effect that on the morning of the 13th, the
Russians passed the Danube near Matchin, and
engaged in a very brisk combat with the Turks.
The result was not known at the departure of the
courier at one in the afternoon. Matchin was said
to be in flames, and the carnage terrible."
The first regiment of the Christian Cossacks
formed by Zadyk Pasha (Charkowsky) and mostly
composed of Bulgarians, was to leave Constanti-
nople on the 10th for the head-quarters of Omer
Pasha.

It was believed that the Governor of Sebastopol
contented himself with answering to the notifica-
tion of the entry of the' fleets into the Black Sea,
that he was astonished at so unforeseen a commu-

nication, that he could not understand what they

wanted of him, Russia being at war only with
Turkey, and that, consequently, he could not say
what he meant to do under the circumstances.
The Turkish Government, on the recommenda-
tion of General Baraguay d'Hilliers, has decided
on establishing a line of electric telegraph from
Constantinople to Schumla. It is also in contem-
plation to purchase in Europe a certain number of
steam vessels.

A Constantinople letter of the 9th, in the Lloyd
of Vienna, states that the Russian ships of war
which had been cruising in the Black Sea had en-
tered the port of Sebastopol.
Letters from the Danubian Principalities state
that Prince Pas ke witch is charged to draw out a plan
of military operations on an immense scale. General
Osten-Sicken, whose head-quarters have just been
removed to Belze, is appointed by a ukase Go-
vernor-General of Bessarabia and the Crimea. This
concentration of such an extensive power has for
its object to favour military combinations, and to
render them more active.
Nothing is neglected. by Russia, says this cor-
respondence, •whinli can tend to excite national
amour propre, religious fanaticism, political ambi-
tion, the ignorance of the masses, and the pre'
judir..,es of the nobility. Everything is set at work
by the agents of the Czar, on whose head reposes
the double diadem of spiritual and temporal ab-
solutism. No idea can be formed of the terror
spread in the principalities by acts which are in
flagrant violation of the law of nations. On the
most frivolous pretext the inhabitants are arrested
and dispossessed of their property. Instances are
named in which the most respectable people, even
those who are strangers to the country, after
having been despoiled stand in danger of their
lives. In order not to aggravate their peril, it is
necessary to be silent as to names. It is in vain
that Prince Gortschakoff gives orders more conso-
nant with humanity ' • his subordinates heed that
not and ferocious old Boyards accomplish the most
deplorable acts.

THE DANUBE.
The following account of the combats at Cagle
is given by the Wanderer :
" The tremendous efforts of the Russians to eject the
Turks from the neighbourhood of Kalafat have failed,
after a series of bloody battles fought during five sue"
cessive days. Six weeks' preparation, a great concentra'
tion of troops, an accumulation of all kinds of warlike
stores at Radovan, and continual reconnoitering have
all been in vain. Not only have the Russians not so'
ceeded in investing the Turkish fortifications, but by re"
treating yesterday evening to Radovan, they have given
up the positions which they had at Crucea, and to the
right of that place. The Turks now move on the out'
side of their fortifications within three or four hours (eight
or ten English miles) of Radovan, just as they did two
months since.
"My description of the battle of the 7th closed with
the retreat of the Russians from Citale in an oblique
direction towards Radovan. As the Russians MO;
selves have avoided all mention of this retreat, 1
have taken great pains to glean inforniation on the
subject, and things happened thus. After the bloody
battle with the Wallachian borderers, near Salceet
at the end of December, in which the village vial
reduced to ashes, the women, children, and old people
emigrated to Roumelia. The men capable of bearing are°
united with the borderers of Citale and other places le
the neighbourhood, and formed a battalion 900 or 1,°131
strong. For some time the people on the two banks of
the river have been in uninterrupted communication, 05,
7
it appears that the Turks at length resolved to make o.`
Citale a kind of bulwark, which would complete the
fortifications around Kalafat. The Russians were aware
of this intention, and hence arose the sanguinary conflict'
During the night, between the 6th and 7th, the Turks
managed to get behind (to the west of) Cital e, whet°
they united with some other Turks who had cora°
up, and across the river in boats. To the east of Kal°A'
fat, and on the field of battle, there had only remained
about 3,000 Turks, and the above-mentioned Wallachia°
battalion, which, thirsting for revenge on the Russians
for burning down Salcea, and other acts of the seele
description, had desired to be placed in the very lron',
of the battle. The request was granted, and on the itli;
this battalion, a Turkish one, 1,000 horse, and 31%t•7
supported by the artillery, sustained the attack of the
Russians for a whole hour. At the end of that
time, the Turks po3ted behind Citale, who were about
6,000 strong, appeared in two detachments, and mad°
a vigorous attack on the flanks of the Russian cols'
After half an hour's hard fighting, the Russians were
°
repulsed with great loss, and retired with all speed
Radovan, as Ismail Pacha, with troops from Kalafat,
making a move in that direction. The reinforcement 3,000 men, which the Turkish commander had sent o',
about four in the evening of the 6th from Fontana 13°
nului to Gunia, took up its original position after the
battle. As this movement led to the report that the
Turks had retired from Citale to Kalafat, we in Xra',
jova were unable to understand why the Russia°o
had retreated in such hot haste on the 7th. It is nom
evident that when Ismail Pacha recalled a part of the
troops from Gunia, he reinforced those left by sendin.g
fresh men across the Danube behind th ,t place. S ele
observedn on the 6th and 7th. Ismail Paell
how things were going on from Gunia
Muglavit. On this day (the 7th), after the retreat of the
Russian, only outpost skirmishes took place.
"On the Bth, the battle was renewed near Cite'?
—about two English miles to the north-west of that
place—but soon took the direction of the road leading
from Radovan to Kalafat. At mid-day the battle
became as violent as that of the 6th, but in the
afternoon and eveningit grew far hotter, and term!,
listed decidedly to the disadvantage of the Russian'.
,
On the Bth there were 15,000 men engaged on either
side. The Russians have lost several guns, bet
cannot positively say how many, as the reports vary"
We now learn the Russians only got back three of thein
guns on the first day, the Turks having managed to keep
the other three.
" On the 9th the conflict was continued, but was le:
obstinate than those of the 6th and Bth. It apPea t
that the battle of the 10th was nearly as serious as ti°
of the Bth. On both these dates the best Russian troops
fought hand to hand with the enemy, and this /04
duty they had to perform several times in the course "
each day.
"In a hurried note, written yesterday in pencil, 0
read— Half-past 11.--It is reported beyond the Russia
line-of-battle, that Omer Pacha has appeared to the ,
bihind Ciorin, in the neighbourhood of the line-of-battle;
Two Russian battalions, deceived by a feigned retreat
the part of the Turks, got between three masked b 1
teries, which thinned their ranks fearfully. Nothingo
to be heard but the thunder of the cannon. The tunl
of battle is so great that nothing can be distinguish°,
Both parties are completely exhausted.'
The news of Omar Pacha's having appeared ei°
the field of battle I cannot confirm, neither am
h
able to give particulars of the engagements which
took place on the 9th and 10th. It strikes
that the foregoing note, which is from a credo)
eye-witness, may refer to the Bth, as the date loft
become almost illegible before it reached me.
is, however, certain, that hostilities ceased in the
afternoon of the 10th with the result mention:
in the note. On all the days mentioned the o°,'„,
Edict was for the most part between the cavalry and 0.4
artillery. The infantry played a subordinate part, b:,
when the hostile battalions met they almost iruol
diately took to the bayonet and fought man to 1131 tot
After such a furious and desperate struggle it is -fact
natural that the loss on both sides is enormous, and
I cannot better express myself than by saying tut/
during the five days' engagement, four times as ree'ea
lives were lost as at Oltenitza. No one at all expect!,
that the Russians would be defeated on a field wbie
r
was so advantageous for the operations of their superid
cavalry, for you must know that during the whele,be
the five days the oblong described in my letter of
Bth formed the battle. The spot is known, on accol,l;
of its extensive plans, as the Campu,' or field.
ceo
cepting during the short affair on the 7th, the foP f
were equal. The Russian bulletins are as like those_fh
the Turks are as one drop of water to another. blob
party just doubles the other's forces, but the figures viT
I have given are worthy of all credit. In their artilles
the Turks were more powerful than the Russians. jig`
I give the number of killed according to the rep??..„,
now before me, I must multiply the number Pit;
given in the writer's letter of the 8th—by 4at least,
but
w o
but I will still hope, for humanity's sake, that -t
mistaken. But few prisoners were made, as death
to
preferred to captivity. ' An eye witness wrote to
on the Bth :—I saw a group of Turkish irrego""ed,
about 25 in number, surrounded and diserl
As the men still resisted, some were put to death,a
and others thrown violently to the ground. Even vibe`prostrate, the unfortunate wretches made use of 701.0
short weapons, and so sent some of their conqueoi
into the next world. The transport of the wow' or
takes no end, and there is no more room for the
CO
creatures in Krajova and the two neighbouring Coe
vents. Many are sent on to Slatina, but' many ro°reb.coe
lying in the neighbouring villages. Hundreds of teliej,
wounded on the 6th, 7th, and Bth, have already
the
No words can describe the anxiety displayed Vole
inhabitants of Krajova during the battle. In siao
were tranquillising proclamations issued by the Reetbeir
authorities ; the more wealthy fled to Slatina or to 0131
estates in the north, and those who remained terria,
each other with the cry of ' The Turks are corn ins
The gipsies, who are very active in spreading alarmi
news, are frequently heard to say, Vine nr, rtyl.
adduce libertat' (the Turk comes and brings us IR': ,bat
The gipsies were emancipated in 1848, and since
time the word libertat' had always been in their rirr the
Hostilities are now suspended, and will be so for
next three days at least--thatis, until Prince Gor"
koff comes."

FRANCE. n at
On Monday evening a splendid ball was pen
by
the Palace of the Tuileries, which was attended' cl
all the notabilities in Paris. The ball was otieflatis
by the Emperor, who danced with the PrIT-,0-erd
Mathilde, the mpress being vis-d-vis, with -A
of
Cowley as her partner. Among the guests, °11.," nt
the most noticed, in consequence of the Preigle
state of political affairs, was M. de Kisseleff as
fact is of little consequence in itself, f()roire
long as M. do Kisseleff remains the represents leg
of Russia, in Paris, he will of course show liiinsre.
at all the Court fetes; but the mere fact of his Poe
sence undoubtedly assisted in the reaction en 00a
Bourse ; and the speculators, to increase its god
effect, added that the Russian, arabasasdor den

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