The Sun.
London, England, 1838-10-02 00:00:00

MRS. GORE'S NEW NOVEL.

Just ready, in 3 vols. post Bvo.
THE HEIR OF SELWOOD.
OR, THREE EPOCHS OF A LIFE.
By Mrs. GORE,
Authoress of " Stokeshill Place," " Mrs. Armytage," " Mothers

and Daughters," &c.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, reat Marlborough-street.
*** Orders received by all Booksellers.

For SALE by PUBLIC AUCTION, at the Hambro' Coffee-
House, Water-lane, Tower-street, on THURSDAY, October 4,
1838, at Twelve for One o'clock precisely,
THE following WINES and SPIRITS :-

SUPERIOR PORT-73 pipes, 7 hhds., 8 qr. casks, 16 cases.
SHERRY-63 butts, 40 hhds., 25 qr. casks.
TENERIFFE-15 pipes.
SUPERIOR MARSALA-7 pipes, 14 hhds, 4 qr. casks.
MADEIRA-3 pipes, 8 hhds.
CLARET-5 hhds.
PONTAC-5 hhds.
LISBON, CAPE, MASDEU District Wine in Wood.
360 Dozen Old Bottled PORT.
170 Dozen SHERRY.
Champagne, Claret, Hock, Bucellas, Constantia, Sack, Madeira,
Grave, &c. &c. in Bottle, duty paid.
Hhds and 30 Cases Superior BRANDY.
17 Cases Superior CORDIALS.
Particulars and Catalogues of Sam. Lancaster, Wine and Spirit
Broker, 59, Mark-lane.

The publication of THE SUN NEU SPAPER commenced this day

at 10 minutes past Three o' Clock

WITH WHICH
THE a TRUE SUN " IS NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1838.

We have received the Fourth Report of the Poor-
law Commissioners, presented to Parliament last Ses-
sion ; and, considering the stagnation of trade caused
by the temporary suspension of the commercial inter-
course with the United States, the severity of the last
winter, and the hostility displayed against the new
system—by some from political and factious motives,
and by others from the kindest and best intentions to-
wards the poor—the progress made in the formation of
Unions, and the general results, are on the whole
highly satisfactory. At the (late of the previous Re-
port, made in July, 1837, there were 1,329 parishes
which had not been placed under the management of
the Commissioners, and of these 274 have been
formed into 17 Unions in the course of the year, and
are now under the operation of the Poor-law Amend-
ment Act. These parishes lie chiefly in the counties
of Derby, Leicester, Stafford, and the West Riding of
Yorkshire. The total number of parishes remaining
ununited is about 1,000, or a fourteenth part of the
whole, and of these 663 are incorporated under GIL-
BERT'S Acts, or various local Acts, which places
them out of the controul of the Commissioners ;1
so that not more than 400 parishes, to which
the new Act applies, remain to be united. The
Commissioners complain grievously of the obsta-
cles thrown in their way by these local Acts, and urge
on the Home Secretary the necessity of some legisla-
tive measure for their dissolution as " they do not tend
to the prevention, or even discouragement, of the pau-
perism of the able-bodied, and do not afford to the
really destitute that certainty of adequate relief, which
it was the intention of the Poor-law Amendment Act
to provide for them."
There are to be found amongst them (according to the
Report) almost every form of municipal constitution which
can be conceived. In this, we find popular election uncon-
trolled by the qualification of the candidate, or the dura-
tion of his office. In another, the directly opposite prin-
ciple of a self-continuing Board, with life-hold office.
Between these extremes we have every gradation of popular
control on the one hand, or irresponsible action on the
other.

The results which have been developed, as respects
the parishes in the Atcham Union, which were for-
merly under a local Act, seem to justify the proposed
change. Since the Union was formed in that district,
the debt has decreased from 5,0001. to 3,500/.—the
annual expenditure from 2;315/. to 8131., and the
number of illegitimate children in the parish books
from 271 to 32. Another fact, however, of more im-
portance, as it shows the effect of the change on the
moral habits of the people, is attested by Sir BALD-
WIN LEIGHTON—he states that of the 196 paupers
who were inmates of one of the old workhouses, no less
than 85 are now earning their living, and 19 are main-
tained by their relatives and friends. The most im-
portant feature of the Report, however, is that which
relates to the Unions formed in Yorkshire, Lan-
cashire, and others of the northern counties
where at first the most violent opposition to the
new Law prevailed among a considerable pro-
portion of the population. It appears that the
Commissioners, in their directions to the Guardians in
these districts, omitted the five regulations usually ap-
plied in other Unions, leaving it to the discretion of
the several Boards to adopt these rules to such an ex-
tent as they might judge necessary and prudent ; and
that from the discretion and firmness of the Guardians
and the good sense of the people, the excitement ap-
pears to have greatly subsided. The following are the
remarks of the Commissioners on the present state of
public feeling in some of these Unions:—
We stated in our last Report that in some parts of this
district the minds of the labouring pdoigpnulathe tionaethuaadl e
sbteaetn
excited by false representations
of the law and the character of administration.regarding
tht a better
understanding
expressed a confident hope at the same time
understanding of the objects and nature of the
of he lawwou
would
gradually gain ground, and that the operation
neigh-
bouring Unions would have a salutary effect upon the
districts where popular excitement had been created.
Although the exertions of those whose object. has been to
inflame the public mind on this subject have in nowise re-
laxed, we are enabled to state that the effect anticipated
bat heilrifiataized even beyond our expectation ; several of
the-disqlet kn which the greatest excitement at first pre-
vailed-haviogsbeen brought under the operation of the 1 ov
without-ansi. cliAurbance of the public tranquillity.
. Vbsilaw,has,iubsequently been brought into operation in
the Unionkrich have been formed in the West Riding
-- 't

K. a S

of Yorkshire; and we are happy to be enabled to state
that even in Huddersfield and in Keighloy, in which places
the effects of agitation showed themselves with most vio-
lence in the first instance, this step has been effected in the
midst of the most perfect public tranquillity.

After describing the foolish attempt of Mr.
FIELDEN to defeat the operation of the law by dis-
charging the whole of his workpeople, amounting to
several thousands, they add :
In the following week Messrs. Fielden and Co. having
wholly failed in this remarkable endeavour to intimidate
the Guardians in the execution of their duty, re-opened
their works, and received back their work people into
employment.
We have adverted to these proceedings as holding out,
in the first instance, for your Lordship's approbation, the
firm and determined conduct of the Guardians of Tofl-
morden Union ; and, secondly, as exhibiting, in a favour-
able light, the steady good sense and orderly disposition of
the labouring population of that neighbourhood,who, placed,
as they have been, under the strongest inducements to a
violent course of conduct, are entitled to great consideration
and respect, for having avoided those disastrous conse-
quences which must have inevitably attended any proceed-
ing of that nature.

With regard to the expenditure, there has been an
increase, though of no great amount, during the last
year as compared with the previous, owing to the se-
verity of the winter and the stagnation of trade ; but
the Commissioners express their conviction that the
Poor-law Act has already relieved the country from a
direct annual taxation of nearly 2,300,0001., inde-
pendent of results of much greater importance—the
more prompt relief of the aged and infirm—the en-
couragement of the industry and moral habits, and the
consequent increase of the welfare of the labouring
classes—the increase of the amount of money paid in
small sums into Savings' Banks, and the improvement
in the education of pauper children. These statements
they fortify certainly by very strong evidence. In con-
clusion, they express their satisfaction at the results
already obtained, and their hopes for the increased
success of the system in the following words :

We can assure yoar Lordship that it has been the con-
templation of these resnhs, and the hope of these conse-
quences, which have mainly enabled us to sustain the con-
tinuous labour and anxiety of the last four years, and to
bear patiently the charges made against the law and its
administration, and those attacks on the principles and de-
tails of our proceedings which have been so pertinaciously
forced upon the public attention, and which have occa-
sionally, but we rejoice to say rarely, been countenanced
by some persons from whom (considering their character
and position in the country) we might reasonably have ex-
pected aid, and not obstruction, io the performance of our
duties.

We believe, how ever, that such obstacles to our progress
will gradually disappear, and we are the more inclined to
indulge this hope from perceiving that whilst many excel-
lent persons, and especially of the clergy, who originally
were indisposed to the measure, have arrived at a con-
viction of its salutary results, there have been no recruits
amongst the ranks of those who have been opposed to its
provisions.

King ERNEST, of Han Over--.--that mightiest of So-
vereigns in miniature—who diverts his Royal leisure
by the manufacture of projects for co-operating with
the CZAR in endeavours to overthrow the liberties of
Germany, has recently, as we learn from the corres-
pondence of the Chronicle, manifested his anxiety to
get into his Royal power certain individuals among his
subjects, suspected of having corresponded with the
London Journals. His Hanoverian Majesty was
never at any period of his life an enthusiastic admirer
of the Liberty of the Press—indeed popular suspicion
pointed quite the other way ; and, as is usual in such
cases, instances in the career of the then Royal Duke
were rather freely cited as proofs conclusive of the
little benefit he would derive from the nation being
made acquainted with the exact nature of his ordinary
pursuits. In all this, popular suspicion was doubtless
at fault, as regarded the Royal CUMBERLAND'S dis-
like of notoriety. The DUKE was head of that most
pious, pacific, and exemplary of political bodies, the
Orangemen of Ireland ; and the result of a Parliamen-
tary inquiry has shown, that the now King of HANO-
VER. was then engaged in conferences with his tawny
brethren; which the honest people of Englaud would
not have learned without manifestations of something
more dangerous than mere displeasure. 'We fling over-
board all reference to what then most displeased the Tory
Duke in the conduct of the Press—namely, occa-
sional allusions to his private conduct. It was ima-
gined, however, that on ascending a throne his
Highness of CUMBERLAND would change his
opinions, as it would then be in his power to
regulate the tone of the Newspaper Press. His
MAJESTY has done so as regards Hanover, where
the Gazette is permitted to trumpet his " goings forth
and his returnings," but as the London Press is too
apt to measure regal desert by the ordinary standard ap-
plied to others than the " Lord's anointed," King
ERNEST has not thought proper to take us into his
good graces. On the contrary, the following extracts
from letters from Hanover, published in the Chronicle
of this morning, must satisfy our readers that the great
King ERNEST is by no means an admirer of the
London Liberal Journals. The Chronicle's Corres-
pondent, in a letter of the Bth ult., states :
. _

" I heard some time ago that Von Linsingen, the Aide-
de-camp of his Majesty King Ernest, had demanded at the
club called the Museum the number of The Sun i❑ which
an extract from one of my communications appeared,
that the paper had not been returned, and that steps were
taken to discover the author ; but I confess I am by no
means afraid."

His next letter is of the 23d ult., in which we find
the following confirmation of the almost incredible
statement quoted above :
You are aware, I think, that I am compelled to send
my communications to you by the most indirect ways, to
avoid the spies of King Ernest, who uses a number of
precautions against any true accounts of his doings here
reaching England. Few German Papers dare to speak
freely : I know that great efforts were made first
to bribe the Hamburg Correspondent (one of the
few Journals that ever expressed themselves openly
on King Ernest's conduct) to silence, and on that
proving unsuccessful, to induce the Magistrates of
Hamburg to prevent the insertion of any liberal articles
in the Correspondent. I know also that the ex-
tracts from your paper which appeared in The Sun have
raised the royal ire; the papers have been secured (after
they had been read and translated by half the town of
Hanover), and some unlucky wight, a young Englishman,
residing at a boarding establishment in the vicinity, has
been taken up on suspicion of being the author of the
offensive article. He, poor youth, has freed himself by
an oath from the odious imputation, and is again at
liberty ; but, of course, the traitor is yet to be discovered,
and as this is only possible by King Ernest's tools getting
hold of one of my letters to you, I shall take all the pre-
cautions in my power against such an event.
What say our readers to this ? Here is a young
man not tried for a libel upon the KING, but called
upon according to the old inquisitorial process, to
purge himself of the suspicion of having written opi-
nions which the petty, contemptible Tyrant of Ha-
nover deemed an offence against his dignity ! Heaven
help the Correspondent of the Chronicle should King
ERNEST get him in his clutches. But the political
horizon of Germany, hitherto so dark and unpro-
pitious, begins to clear a little. We already perceive
sure signs of the dawn of a brighter day upon the
whole of that country. A power is stirring which is
destined to shiver the sceptre of despotism.

Jamaica Papers to the 26th of August inclusive
have been received this morning. The following in-
telligence from them is for the most part copied from
Journals unfavourable to the Emancipationists, the
Liberal Papers not having come to hand
:
We are sorry we cannot report as favourable of Mid-
dlesex and Surrey as of Cornwall. The labouring popu-
lation in many of the parishes on this side the islandhave not
yet resumed labour, and do not appear to have any intention
of doing so for some timr_‘ het to come. We do not intend,'
to enter ioto nay dgc:.einent until after the ex-
pt
i:):;...0f three months ailot% ed by law.' Such a deter-
mination cannot be too deeply regretted."
A correspondent in St. Mary's writes, " I have proposed

to give the people five shillings per week with houses and
ground for four days' labour ; they have accepted the offer,
and are working cheerfully. I am, however, sorry to say,
that this is not the case on the other properties in this
quarter. None of the people on them will come to any
agreement, and in many places the overseers cannot get a
single person to work on them. In St. Thomas's in the
Vale, the same disposition to come to terms prevails, and
everything is at a stand still."
On one property in St. George's labour is partially re-
sumed. The manager writes :—" I have not heard of a
single instance in this quarter in which the attorneys have
succeeded in bringing the people to terms. I had a few in
the field yesterday, and to-day between thirty and forty,
exclusive of the cattle-men. I have the field people at task-
work, and they are working better than ever I saw them
do in the golden times. I have promised the able hands
Bs. 4d. per week, or Is. Bd. per day."
From the beautiful and fertile parish of St. Thomas in
the East we learn that, notwithstanding all the exertions
on the part of the managers of estates, the labouring po-
pulation continues, with few exceptions, in a state of utter
idleness, the cane-fields are getting overrun with weeds,
and in many cases destroyed by the cattle.
From Vere we learn, " That his Excellency the Gover-
nor addressed the people on Tuesday last. There were up-
wards of two thousand of them present. The address was a
very feeling one, and could not have but a proper effect.
His Excellency confined himself to his Proclamation. I re-
gret, however, to state that the people did not behave in the
respectable manner I expected towards the Governor.
They have consented to work for Is. Bd. per day, free of
rent for houses and grounds, for three months.
In Clarendon, we learn that his Excellency was greeted
by nearly 3,000 negroes, whose conduct was most respect-
ful. The address was delivered to them in forcible lan-
guage but with much moderation of manner. This pro-
duced an excellent effect. The people bare promised to
labour for Is. Bd. per day, with houses and grounds, for
twelve months, but have not yet commenced to do so.
The intelligence from the north side, as communicated
in the newspapers from Montego Bay and Falmouth, is
not, we are glad to perceive, of a desponding kind ; and we
trust every cause of dissatisfaction and difference will be
removed, and the hest possible feeling permitted to operate
between the master and labourer.

We have received Barbadoes Papers and Demerara
Papers, but they are not of a later date thin previously re-
ceived. The Barbadoes Paper contain the following letter
from the Chancellor of the Exchequer to the Agent of this
Island, Mr. Mayers

" Downing-street, July 4, 1838.
" My Dear Sir,—As it now only remains to carry into
effect the arrangement which had been entered into
with respect to 4i per cent. duties, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer desires me to express to you
not only his thanks for the way in which you have brought
the various points of the question before bid), but also his
opinion of the excellent judgment with which you have ad-
vocated the claims of your constituents ; as long, as it was
impossible that your urgency should lead to any practical
result, you refrained from useless applications, and no sooner
were the difficulties which stood in the way removed, than
you promoted to the utmost of your power the anxious
efforts of her Majesty's Government to bring this impor-
tant question to a conclusion satisfactory to all parties,
when your former conduct had earned for you a title to
that consideration which your representations have inva-
riably received.
" Believe me, my dear Sir, with great esteem,
" S. E. SPRING RICE.
" J. P. Mayers, Esq."

By the arrival of the Royal Tar steamer, at Fal-
mouth, on Sunday, we have received advices from
Lisbon of the 25th ultimo. They are of very little
moment, as the result of the second scrutiny ordered
on the disputed elections was not then known. Count
DAS ANTA S was still an object of political suspicion
to the liberal party, who regarded him as meditating
the overthrow of the Constitution, notwithstanding
his late Address to the QUEEN. On the 24th, the
KING and QUEEN attended the celebration of a so-
lemn dirge at the Cathedral, commemorative of the
death of DoN PEDRO. Miguelite bands continued
to infest the Southern Provinces.

Exchange on London 544-; Paper Money 52 per cent.
discount, Sovereigns 4,380 each, and Spanish Doubloons
14,350 mil reas each.

The whole of the Paris Journals of Sunday have
been received, with advices from Madrid of the 23(1
instant. Their contents are of no political interest,
now that we may regard the Swiss question as settled.
General AYM AUD, commanding the 7th military divi-
sion, published an " ORDER OF THE DAY" on the
25th ult. at Lyons, preparatory to an attack upon
Switzerland, which is now the subject of much ridi-
cule in the French Opposition Press. As its impor-
tance has ended with the occasion, we have not
thought proper to give it a place in our otherwise
crowded columns. The following arc extracts from
the Journals :

A letter from Genoa, received this morning, contains
the following news :
" Louis Bonaparte has set out for England, after having
given back his Swiss letter of naturalization. The
Russian Ambassador delivered his passport to him. Our
Great Council had, previously to this news, voted in favour
of the opinion of the Council of State by a majority of 42."
The Journal de Paris has the following article :
" Our private correspondent at Frankfort gives the fol-
lowing account of the late visit of M. Fabricius to that
city :
" The Cabinet of the Hague being aware of the per-
sonal intimacy of M. Fabricius with several Mem-
bers of the Diet, sent him to notify to that
Assembly the resolution of his Majesty the King
of the Netherlands, not to consent to any change in
the 24 articles, and to insure the support of the German
Confederation in case an attempt should be made to force
Holland to make further sacrifices, either financial or terri-
torial. M. Fabricius appears to be very well pleased with the
sentiments of the most impartial members of the Diet, and
especially of the Representatives of Austria and Prussia. The
latter Power formerly so favourable to Belgium, has become
hostile to it since the affair of Cologne, in which it is be-
lieved, at Berlin, that the Belgian Clergy has some concern.
The elevation of the Archbishop of Malines to the dignity
of Cardinal gives some weight to the grievances of the Ca-
binet of Berlin.'
" At the same time we hear from London that the declara-
tion of the King of the Netherlands that he will not receive any
modification ofthe treaty of Nov, 15, has produced perturba-
tion in the Conference. The Representatives of the Three
Northern Courts have availed themselves of this declaration
to withdraw the consent which had been given to a revival
of the financial question. Lord Palmerston has again had re-
course to his old tergiversations, and General Sebastiani re-
mains alone to maintain against the Representatives of the
three Courts, the necessity of a more equitable distribution of
the debts, and of a re-consideration of the Treaty of the 15th
of November. If the Cabinets of the Tuillerics and of
Brussels do not succeed in bringing back Lord Palmerston
to his former sentiments, it is to be feared that the Con-
ference, eager to terminate the Belgian affair, will give way
to the pretensions of Holland. If, on the contrary, the French
and English Plenipotentiaries again agree to act in concert,
the dissolution of the Conference is inevitable, and the
dGersei
reek i
tKfaolrenthd se. eofeßonetlginiuurne,:,flezeuTr
epianrrts,.sincerely to
settlement of' the Belgian question will be put off to the
sakeW
M. Dubouzel, an officer on board the Telle (the expe-
dition to the South Pole), has written a letter, dated Val-
paraiso, 30th March, confirming the details given by M.
D'Urville. A new circumstance mentioned by hint is the
discovery of a great continent in the south of South Shet-
land.s " We carefully explored and determined," a) that
officer, " forty leagues of coast, notwithstanding thes sur-
rounding ice." This discovery is a real service to nautical
and geographical science.—Le Constitutionel.
The Amoricain of the 27th September says---" M. Le
vasseur, Consul-General of France at Hayti, is to embark
at Brest in the beginning of October, on board the corvette
La Nayade for his destination. The division which was
fitted out at Brest on the Ist of September, under the
orders of Rear-Admiral
joined there by the frigates La
Gloire and La Medee. All these vessels left Cadiz on
the 1 1 tit for Mexico. Two steamers, Le Illetcore and
Phaeton, arc to follow them closely."
The Phare de Bayonne of the 27th September states,
that the news of the affair which took place in Navarre
on the 19th, between General Alaix and the Carlists, was
known in Madrid on the 22d. Immediately after its re-
ceipt
the Council of Ministers assembled, and it appears
that they resolved—
" I. That General Narvaez enter Castile with a part of
the army of reserve, and that he be replaced by General
Nogueras, an inflexible man, and of a character quite suit-
able to the continuance of the work of security and pacifi-
cation undertaken by his predecessor.
" 2. That the Count de Luchana re-enter Navarre with
a part of his troops, in order to restrain the Carlists from
the side of Arragon.
" 3. That a rt qui4tion of horses be made throughout
the kiegdom. from which no one is to be exempted on any
pretext whatever. This decision has been transmitted to
us by a person generally well informed."
TOULON, SEPT. 25.—Hostilities have been commenced

before Mexico. French blood has been shed, but it is a
pure loss. War is not declared, and the French Com-
mander of the squadron cannot yet avenge the sailors who
have been wounded by the crew of a Mexican b•irk. 'Pre
incidents of a blockade tend to irritate the mind. It is
time, therefore, that this inactive contest finish by the
thunder of cannon, if the Mexican Government should not
grant the satisfaction which has been sought from her.

Skilful artillerymen have been embarked in the bomb-
ships. The Admiral has brought with him detachments of
engineers. His success appears certain. The port of San
Juan d'Ulloa will fall into the hands of our brave sailors,
and this deed of arms, by proving that France knows how
to avenge herself for injuries, will enrich the glorious annals
of French naval history.

AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, SEPT. 22.
Five per Cents. Metalliques
Fotir per Cents.
Three per Cents.
Rank Shares
—Albgerneine Zeitung, Sept. 27.

CITY REGISTRATION.
(THIS DAY.)

No objection or claim of any interest was made this morning
before either of the Revising Barristers.

GUILDLIALL-(THIS DAY.)

FINDING A HORSE. —SamuerMitchell, alias Clark who was
apprehemled a week ago whilst offering a horse for sale in
Smithfield, was again placed at the bar.
The account given by the prisoner was, that he found the
animal straying at Turnham Green, and, being in great dis-
tress, endeavoured to dispose of him.
The officer who apprehended the prisoner stated that he
had made very minute inquiries in the neighbourhood where
the horse was said to have been found, but was unable to find
any owner. The prisoner, he understood, was a lamplighter
at Staines. The horse- was a very poor one, and not worth
more than 355. There was also a very excellent bridle, worth
ss. or 6s.

Sir P. LAURIE directed the horse to be advertised, and the
prisoner remanded.

EMBEZZLEMENT.—A respectable looking young man named
Philip Johnson, was brought up under the foilo,,vit,g cir-
cumstances :

Mr. Thomas Headlam Tomlins, attorney, stated that the
prisoner was some time ago clerk to Mr. Smith, John-street,
Adelphi, and he (Mr. Tomlins) was told by Mr. Smith,
shortly after the prisoner had left, that he had robbed him and
embezzled his money. He met the ?rimer yesterday, and
had some conversation with him. He said, " I suppose you
know how I left Smith ?" Witness asked, " How ?" He
replied, " I used him very ill, for I took his money and did
not give it to him." He (Mr. Tomlins) then gave the pri-
soner into custody, and hoped he had exercised a sound dis-
cretion in so doing.
Sir P. LAURIE said, that being an attorney, he must, of
course, he aware what he was doing.
The prisoner denied the conversation alleged to have taken
place yesterday, but declined saying anything in answer to
the charge, and was remanded in order to afford Mr. Smith,
who is not at present in town, time to attend.

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