The Sun.
London, England, 1854-07-08 00:00:00

CONSTANTINOPLE.

A letter of the 25tli ofJorte, from the Turkish capital
says :—M. de Maudnit arrived here by the French
postal steamer from France, He is about to proceed
to the interior of Circassia on a special mission ; and
Mr. Lloyd, who has heew here fur the last five weeks,
leaves shortly on a similar expedition. Horace Vernet,
the eminent artist, has arrived here. He is attached to
the staff of Marshal St. Arnaud, and-will follow the
army in order to illustrate coming events. M. de
Tannyon, an eminelit photographer, is attached in a like
capacity. Since the departure of the British and
French armies, Constantinople has assumed every peace-
able appearance, and its general aspect may be said
to be decidedly less attractive. The summer heat,
which has now set in with a vengeance, drives all
those who possibly can to seek the cool breezes of the
Bosphorus, or the invigorating air of the Prince's Islands:
Buyukdere, Therapia, Yenikoi, Arnaudkoi, and all the
pretty villages that line its banks, are alive with visitorEL
The French and Austrian Ambassadors have repaired to
their country residences, with all the personnel of the

legations ; and to-morrow Lord Stratford de Redcliffe
returns to Therapia. The Ramazan, the monthly fast
of the Moslem, is drawing to a close ; and to-morrow the
festival of the Bairam will be celebrated, and the
unfortunate devotees be enabled to resume their

daily meals. The observance of the Rarnazan is
not so strictly attended to by the upper classes,
who do not scruple to take their cup of coffee and
pipe on the sly ; but the poorer orders, who stand most
in need of support, are;most exact in its• observance ;
and you may see, towards the close of evening, many a
poor Kaiktchi in his boat, the picture of exhaustion,
eagerly glancing towards the sinking sun, and awaiting
the signal-gun which announces to thirty million of
Mussulmans that they may eat, think, and smoke Not
a drop of water has passed that man's mouth from early
sunrise to sunset; and it is matter of astonishment how
he can ply the oar through the heat of the day, and
under the scorching rays of an eastern sun. It is
evident, from the march of the combined forces,
that some great blow is contemp:ated. All eyes are
now directed towards the Danube, on whose banks
a decisive engagement may shortly be expected.
On Saturday last an experiment was made at the Sweet
Waters of Europe of Mr. Hale's rockets, before a select
Turkish committee. A considerable number of Turkish
notabilities were on the ground. The firing was most
successful, and fully demonstrated the superiority of Mr.
Hale's rocket over all previous inventions. Mr. Hale
is about to receive a large order from the Turkish Go-
vernment. On Monday another experiment was made
before General Scarlett and Mr. Lloyd, who is proceed-
hig to Circassia o❑ a special inie-inn from her Majesty's
Gevernment, and they both expressed their opinion that
they would be a powerful arm fur the combined armies.

RUSSIAN TREATMENT OF THE
WALLACHIANS.

Letters from Bac!wrest. of. the 2d, represent that con-
siderable anxiety exists there for the public safety. The
Russians have destroyed the government which they
found in the Principalities. They are now making pre-
parations for leaving the country and takir g with 'them
the Wallachian militia, which is the natural in-trurnent
for the maintenance of order and authority. Ot course
the principal citizens will have to improvise a govern-
ment and raise an artne I force for the protection of tile
and property, but they think it hard that they ehould be
compelled to do this while their own little army is car-
ried off to fight for the Czar in a quarrel with which they
have nothing to do, if not to fight against them. The
Russian governor, General Budherg, has been applied
to more than once on the subject, but his uniform answer
is an offhand assurance that there is no prospect of an
evacuation of the country by the Russians. Meanwhile
the people see the troops leaving, and know that the
general's carriage and horses have for several days stood
really for his departure. We read in the Patrie
"It is known that since the occupation of the Danubian
provinces by the Russian troops a great number of the in-
habitants of Wallachia and Moldavia have been condemned
to imprisonment by the permanently established courts-
martial for contraventions, frequently very slight, of the
decrees issued by the Russian military authorities. A re-
cent
decision of the general-in-chief of the army of occupa-
tion has just decided that in consequence of the new direc-
tion given to the movements of the army all the individuals
detained in the prisons of Wallachia and Moldavia should
be transferred to places of confinement in the interior
of Russia. This order was carried into immediate execu-
tion ; two columns of these unfortunate people having
already set out for Moscow and Kiew. Among them are
several Wallachian landowners' condemned for not having
paid within the fixed delay the arbitrary contributions.
levied by the Russian generals. These prisoners have left
on foot under escort of detachments of Cossacks. Their
families could not accompany them, but have been autho-
rised to follow them."

MOVEMENTS OF TUE RUSSIAN ARMY.
A letter from Posen of the 29th ult., published in the
Frankfort Post Gazette, says : —Within the last few d Lys
the entire 2d corps d'armee of infantry, that have hitherto
been stationed midway between the north and the south
scene of war, has moved south,vards, and a portion of
it already stands on the frontier of Moldavia and on the
Zbrucz. It is being followed now by two divisions of
the Grenadier corps and a portion of the Ist corps
d'armee of infantry ; the 2d corps d'armee of cavalry
is
romf eeßoufs stilali
iatphpi rso awcahyi
ne
Itthr
ley s oaul
it It'
activethe
eroni t h ecoirnptse r o.rai
firtounsatiiearn Empire ;
for,of are
the cs?ixceeilt.pri:tedd.alovuleet
ofw isnofuatnhterryn,
and the three corps d'armee of cavalry, which
constitute the so-called active arrny, five corps
d'armee of infantry, and all three of cavalry, are
already on the southern theatre of war ; and, beside
these, there are a portion of the Grenadier corps and
numerous detachments of irregular cavalry, Cossacks.
The only troops that have remained behind in the north
are the Guards of the Finland corps, a portion of the
Grenadiers, and the Ist corps d'armee. The troops
marching southwards take t sir route partly via War-
saw and Lublin, partly thr4.ugh Lithuania and Vollty-
ilia, ; they concentrate on the Zbrucz and in the neigh-
bourhood of Kaminiec-Podolski, at a spot which is ex-
tremely favourable for all strategetical operations. The
army concentrated at this spot for the general reserve,
which, located in a semi-circular lir.e, caii be despatched
in any direction along commodi,.Us roads to the assistance
of either army iii the south ; at the same time it covers
the communications and basis of the operations of the
three armies against Austria. Finally, the troops stand-
ing on the Zbrucz can ea-ily be converted into an active
army against Austria ; they would rest on Zamosk and
Kaminiec, and possess good lines of operation, one of
which along the valley of the Dniester and that.of the
Sau would cover Galicia and 'Poland ; the other falling
off towards the Cissa.would threaten Hungary and com-
pel an army in Transylvania to change its front. The
southern theatre of war is by -far more favourable to
Russia than the northern. The whole country from
the Volga and the foot of the Caucasus up to the
Dniester, is steppes, a boundless plain, where the
cavalry, in which the Russian army is more than strong,
can operate more effectively than infantry. In addition
to her four corps d'armee of cavalry, Russia possesses
60,000 irregular cavalry.