The Sun.
London, England, 1854-02-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 11, 1854,

there would be no panics, no " runs upon banks"
for gold. Wa would all be bound to support that
credit. It would be our interest to do so ; and,
as in the Scotch banks, it would be done. This,
however, is not the case with the Bank of Eng-
land note, still less with that of any other joint-
stock or private establishment. We have had
sufficient inquiry into the matter. It is time that
the seeds thus sown should produce ample fruits.

THE DEPARTURE OF THE
RUSSIAN MINISTER.

The following correspondence, forming Part 111.
of the Blue Books lately presented to Parliament,
was laid on the table of both Houses last night :

(No. 1.)

" COUNT NESSELRODE TO BARON BRUNOW.-(COMMUNI-
CITED TO TUE EARL OP CLARENDON BY BARON
BRUNOW, JAN. 23).

(Translation.)
" St. Petersburgh, Jan. 4 (16), 1854
" The representatives of England and France have verbally
announced to me the resolution adopted by their two Govern-
ments to cause their combined fleets to enter the Black Sea
with the view of securing the ports and coast of Turkey from
an attack on our side. Tho reason assigned for this determi-
nation was the attack on the Turkish squadron at Sinope—a
naval operation which the two Cabinets represent as a
gratuitous aggression. It is not without painful surprise
that I have heard it thus characterised, when it is no-
torious that the Turkish squadron, commanded by Osman
Pasha, left the Bosphorus freighted with arms, money,
ammunition, and troops for disembarcation, destined for
our Circassian coasts; consequently with the intention
of giving greater extension to the operations, equally
aggressive, which have already stained with blood the Rus-
sian territory iu Asia. That squadron had doub less not left
its anchorage in the Bosphorus in order to station its ,If at
Sinope. W,,at it had sou2ht there w ts, not a maritime
station, but a temporary shelter. Ought we patiently to
allow it afterwards to execute its hostile purpose ? Because
in Wallachia, which is Turkish territory, we have declared
our intention of waiting for the attack of the Ottoman forces,
are we obliged equally to wait for it on our own coasts ?
Are we to suppose that, in the opinion of the Powers, in a
war which we have not wished for, and which has been de-
clared against us, the privilege of acting offensively belongs
to Turkey alone, and that when certain of being immediately
and suddenly attacked, we have precluded ourselves from the
right of preventing it ?
" If I have rightly understood the sense of the declrations
which have been made to me, and specifically what was said
to me by the English representative, it would be the inten-
tion of the two Powers to prevent the recurrence of a disaster
resembling that at Sinope, and to establish henceforth a species
of naval armistice, preventing any attack on our part upon
the Turkish ports or flag, but taking care, on the other hand,
that the Turkish squadron should not commit any upon the
Russian ships and territory.
" It is essential, M. le Baron, that this point should be
clearly established. Assuredly it is the least that the two
Cabinets can do in order to divest, at least in appearance, the
cause of the entrance of their fleets into the Black Sea of the
character of flagrant hostility against us ; for to allow the
Turks to attack, while assuming to prohibit us from doing
so, would be to take an active part in a war which they have
not yet declared against us.
It is only to be regretted that the two Powers, if they
were desirous of preventing such collisions, had not, from
the commencement of the, contest,, put a stop to the mari-
time expeditions directed by the Turks against our Asiatic
coasts—expeditions of which the conflict at Sinope has been
only a necessary consequence—or, still more, that they had
not prevented the Turks from declaring war against us ; for,
from the time that they allowed them to declare it and to
wage it against us, in Asia as well as in Europe, the event
which has occurred could not altogether be excluded from
their anticipations. But, if they considered as contrary to
the independence of the Porte the pretension entirely to
interdict it from engaging in hostilities, we ask how that of
allowing it henceforth to undertake hostilities only to a cer-
tain extent would be more consistent with the idea which
they entertain of that same independence ? As for ourselves,
it is impossible for us to look upon such a resolution in
any other light than as a violence offered to our bel-
ligerent rights. The Emperor, therefore, finds himsell
obliged solemnly to protest against the declaration which has
been addressed to him, and can in no wise admit its legality.
" He will await, in order to decide upon the course that
he shall adopt, the manner in which that declaration shall
have been carried into execution by the Admirals of the two
fleets, and the attitude which their vessels shall take with re-
gard to our own.
" He cannot but regret to see the peace with England
and France, which he has never been desirous of interrupt-
ing, put in jeopardy by this fresh extension given to a sys-
tem of pressure which the two maritime Powers have deemed
it their duty to adopt towards him, and which, advancing
step by step, involving each time more and mere his
dignity as well as their own, at the same time that it
encouraged the Porte to push matters to extremities, has
ended by bringing affairs in the East to their actual state of
tension. At the present moment a mere chance is sufficient
to bring about a collision from which a general conflagration
would ensue, and the Emperor disclaims beforehand the re-
sponsibility of the first step which shall have given the signal
for it.
" Your Excellency will read and give a copy of this de•
spatch to the English Cabinet.
" Receive, &c.,

" NESSELROD E."

(No. 2.)
" BARON BRUNOW TO TIIE EARL OF CLARENDON.—
(RECEIVED JAN. 25),
(Translation.)
" London, Jan. 13 (25), 1854.
" The undersigned, dm., has received orders to have an
explanation, and to come to an understanding with his Ex-
cellency the Earl of Clarendon, &c., as to the precise moaning
of a communication which the English Minister at St. Peters-
burg has just made verbally to the Chancellor of the Empire.
" If it was caused by the wish to avert the contingency of
a collision between the Russian and Ottoman naval forces,
that result could only bo effected by the observance of a
principle of just reciprocity.
" For this purpose it would be requisite, in the first in-
stance, that it should bo expressly understood that the
Ottoman squadron should refrain from all aggression on
the Russian flag and country on the coast of Europe and of
Asia.

" Under this condition equal security would be obtained or
the Ottoman flag and coast.
"In the second place, in case the Turkish ships should be
allowed to continue without impediment to keep up communi-
cations between one Ottoman port and another for the transport
of provisions, ammunition, and troops, it would be necessary
that the same condition should be secured to the ships of
the Imperial marine for freely keeping up communication
between one Russian port and another on the coast of Europe
and Asia.

" These arrangements, thus agreed upon and strictly exe-
cuted, would have the effect of suspending, in fact, hostilities
at sea between the belligerent parties.
" The undersigned bas the honour to request his Excellency
the Earl of Clarendon to have the goodness to inform him in
reply to this note, if the intentions of her Britannic Majesty's
Government are in accordance with those of the Imperial Ca-
binet as to the principles of perfect reciprocity established by
the present communication.
" The undersigned, &c.

" BRUNOW.

(No. 3.)
" THE EARL OF CLABENDON TO BARON BRUNOW.
" Foreign-office, Jan. 31, 1854.
" The undersigned, &c., has the honour to acknowledge
the receipt of a note dated 25th inst., from Baron Brunow,
&e., stating that he had been ordered to inquire of the under-
signed the precise meaning of a verbal communication recently
made by her Majesty's Minister at St. Petersburg to the
Chancellor of the Empire. Baron Brunow adverts to cer-
tain arrangements which, being agreed upon, and strictly ex-
ecuted, would suspend hostilities by sea between the bellige-
rent parties; and he requests that the undersigned will inform
him whether the intentions of her Majesty's Government are
in accordance with those of the Imperial Cabinet upon the
principles of perfect reciprocity established in the note of
Baron Brunow.
" In replying to Baron Brunow, the undersigned thinks it
right to state that the communication made by Sir H. Sey-
mour was to the following effect ; that her Majesty's fleet had
been sent to Constantinople, not for the purpose of attacking
Russia, but with the firm intention to defend Turkey, and
her Majesty's Government would, therefore, have been well
pleased if the necessity for thus employing the fleet had not
arisen; but that the destruction of a Turkish fleet anchored
peaceably in a Turkish harbour, proved that the conciliatory
dispositions of her Majesty's Government, and the notice of
their intentions given In an amicable spirit on the 27th of
October to Count Neseelrode, had been mistaken or disre-
garded, and that her Majesty's Government had determined
to take measures to guard against the recurrence of disasters
such as those of which &imp° had been the theatre. That
her Majesty's ships therefore, and those of the Emperor of the
French, would enter the Black Sea, and require every Russian
ship-of-war which they might meet to return to a Russian
port, and that if the summons were not attended to it would
bo enforced ; but that her Majesty's Government, being not
less anxious than they were before to effect a peaceful settle-
ment of difficulties, would take measures for preventing any
aggressive operation by sea on the part of the Turkish fleet
against Russian territory.
" The undersigned has thus stated the terms of the com-
munication verbally made by her Majesty's Minister at St.
Petersburg, in order to prevent misunderstanding, and it
can hardly be necessary for him to inform Baron Brunow
that they will be strictly adhered to. The undersigned at
the same time begs to add that the maintenance of friendly
relations with Russia is earnestly desired by her Majesty's
Government, whose best efforts will continue to be exerted
to secure a just and honourable solution of the differences
between Russia and the Porte ; but a duty has been im-
posed upon her Majesty's Government by Russia from
the performance of which they will not shrink. Turkey
Is the aggrieved and the weaker Power, ; a portion of her
territory has been forcibly occupied and retained, while
military preparations upon a scale of the greatest magnitude
are made by Russia ; and in defending Turkey from tho im-
minent danger that threatens her, her Majesty's Govern-
ment uphold that fundamental principle of European policy
involved in the maintenance of the Ottoman Empire that
has been repeatedly proclaimed by- the fivo great Powers
of Europe.
" The extent to which this defence may be carried, and the
nature of the operations it may entail, must depend on the
course which may be pursued by Russia ; but her Majesty's
Government indulge a hope that peace may yet be negotiated
upon the reasonable terms proposed by the Porte for the ac-
ceptance of Russia, and in the case of that acceptance an
armistice, both by sea and land, would stop the effusion of
blood, and put an end to embarrassment regarding naval
operations, and differences which now endanger the general
peace of Europe might then be speedily terminated.
" The undersigned, die. " CLARENDON."

(No. 4.)
" THE EARL or CLARENDON TO SUL G. H. SEYMOUR.
" Foreign -office, Jan. 31, 1854.
" Sir,—l herewith enclose the copy of a note addressed to
me by Baron Brunow, together with the copy of my answer.*
" I enclose also the copy of a despatcht from Count Nessel-
rode which Baron Brunow, by orders of his Government,
placed in my hands, the purport of which is so extraordinary
that I am compelled to desire you to communicate to the
Chancellor the impression that it has produced on her Ma-
jesty's Government.
" This despatch ends by saying, Un hasard soffit aujourd'
hui pour produire unc collision d'ou naitrait one consragra.
tion generale, et l'Empereur repsusse d'avance la responsa-
MHO de l'initiative qui en aura donne le signal.' Hence
it would seem that the Russian Government has entirely for-
gotten the origin of this unhappy quarrel. They would seem
to have forgotten that, so soon as the only cause of difference
between Russia and the Porte had been satisfactorily termi-
nated, Prince Menschikoff required, in peremptory terms, the
assent of the Sultan to a certain large and new interpretation
of the treaty of ICainardji ; that upon the offer of the Turkish
Government to substitute other conciliatory assurances for
those proposed by Prince Menschikoff, the Russian Ambas-
sador at once quitted Constantinople ; that immediately after-
wards Count Nesselrode required the Porte, within the space
of eight days, to send back, signed, the note which the Sultan
had previously declared it would. be fatal to his independence
to accept, under a threat that if his Highness did not com-
ply, Russian armies would occupy the principalities of Molda-
via and Wallachia ; that when the Sultan refused to submit, un-
dereompulsion , to so degrading a demand, the previous threat

* Nov. 2 and $!

t No 1.

was at once carried into execution, and provinces of the Sultan,
containing 4,000,000 of his subects, were invaded in time of
profound peace by Russian forces; that the territory of the
Sultan has since been occupied as a conqUered country, the
Russian Government thus violating the status quo of Europe,
oontradicting the intentions proclaimed by the great Powers
of Europe in 1840 and 1841, and stamping Russia as the
disturber of the general peace.
" Not content with this aggression, which at first was an-
nounced as a temporary occupation and as a material pledge,
held only until the demands of Russia upon the Porte should
be satisfied, the Emperor of Russia has prepared great armies
at vast expense, apparently with the object of crossing the
Danube, and attempting the conquest of Constantinople.
" Nor is it to be overlooked, frequently as I have urged
the topic, that no injury to the Christian subjects of the
Porte afforded even a pretext for such acts. On the con-
trary, with the introduction of new laws for their protec, ion,
their own gradual progress in wealth, and by general advance
in the arts of peace, the condition of the Christians was
manifestly improving.
" All the serious events that have since arisen—the deplor-
able effusion of human blood, the oppression of the people of
the Principalities, the aggression upon the Russian territory
in Asia, the disaster at Sinope, and the entrance of the com-
bined fleets into the Black Sea, are the direct consequences of
the unprovoked conduct of the Russian Government ; and if
unhappily a chance encounter should produce a colli3ion from
which a general conflagration should arise, the Emperor of
Russia will in vain attempt to throw off a responsibility which
will attach to him, who in time of profound peace first in-
vaded the territory of his unoffending neighbour.
" You will read and give a copy of this despatch to Count
Nesselrode. " I am, &c., " CLARENDON."

(Translation.)
" London, Jan. 23 (Feb. 4).

" The undersigned, &e., has had the honour to receive the
note which his Excellency the Earl of Clarendon, &c., ad-
dressed to him on the 31st of January.

" It does not satisfy the conditions of fair reciprocity on
which the undersigned was ordered to insist in the name of
his Court in his note of the 13th (25th) January.
" That communication, if it had been appreciated as it de-
served to be, would have had the effect, on the one hand, of
confining the calamaties of war within limits which could be
accepted by the two belligerent parties, while, on the other
hand, it offered to Great Britain a fresh proof of his Majesty
the Emperor's sincere desire to remove from his relations
with her every cause of misunderstanding.
" The undersigned regrets that the spirit of good will
which dictated that proceeding should not have met with in-
tentions equally conciliatory. Thenceforth, his line of con-
duct was traced out for him by a deep sense of respect for the
dignity of the Sovereign whom he has the honour to repre-
sent.
" Faithful to his duties, he cannot admit that her
Britannic Majesty's Government at peace with Russia, should
assume to impede the freedom of the communications which
the Imperial marine is directed o keep up between the Rus-
sian ports, while Turkish ships convey troops from one Otto-
man port to another under the protection of the English
squadron.
" This distinction being contrary to the rules of public
law, as well as to the consideration mutually observed
between friendly Powers, the undersigned is thereby placed
under the impossibility of continuinc, to exercise his functions
so long as her Britannic Majesty's Government shall have not
resumed towards Russia au attitude conformable to the rela-
tions of good understanding and friendship which have so
happily subsisted up to the present time between the two
countries.
" The more value the undersigned attached to the main-
tenance of those relations, the more he regrets the obligation
under which he labours to suspend them.
" He has the honour to notify to the Earl of Clarendon,
eic., that he is about to leave London, accompanied by the
members of the Embassy, and to proceed to Germany until
further orders.
" The undersigned, " BRUNOW."

(No. 6.)
" TIME EARL OF CLARENDON TO SIR G. H. SEYMOUR.
" Foreign-office, Feb. 7, 1854.
" Sir, On the evening of the 4th inst. Baron Brunow
placed in my hands a note, the copy of which is herewith
enclosed,* announcing that the diplomatic relations between
this country and Russia were suspended, and that he was
about to leave England with the members of the Russian mis-
sion. You will, therefore, immediately on the receipt of this
despatch, inform Count Nesselrodo that you are instructed to
withdraw from A. Petersburg, together with every member
of her Majesty's mission.
" You will return to England, and avoid all unnecessary
delay in quitting the Russian dominions.
" Similar instructions will this day be addresed to M. de
Castelbajac by the French Government.

" I am, &c.,

" CLARENDON.'

* No. 5.

DRURY LANE THEATRE.

The nightly performances of Mr. G. V. Brooke still con-
tinue to attract crowded audiences to Drury Lane, and the
enthusiastic greetings which he invariably receives argue that
the public appreciation of him has in no way diminished.
Since our notice of the first night of his re-engagement, when
he appeared in the tragedy of Brutus, he has since undertaken
the principal characters in The Stranger, the Lady of Lyons,
the Hunchback, and other plays, in each exhibiting that man-
liness and vigour of acting, with that impressive utterenco
which mark his representations with an originality of their
own, and render them acceptable to the great mass of theatre-
goers. A very considerable accession to the receipts of the
treasury will no doubt be the result of this gentleman's brief
engagement, priorto his departure for America; and whatever
it may be, it cannot be too large for the deserts of the most
persevering and enterprising lessee—the good genius who has
achieved that which a short time ago, was considered to yield
to nothing in the difficulties of its accomplishment—the resto-
ration of the fortunes of a theatre which had been the ruin of
so many.
The day performances of the pantomime on Wednesday have
all been well attended, some thousands of juveniles who other-
wise would not have been able to witness this excellent comic
production, having availed themselves of these two o'clock
representations. The final one takes place on Wednesday, the
15th instant, on which occasion it is announced that the Erser
Children, whose impersonations in tragedy, comedy, and farce,
have elicited loud praise elsewhere, will appear in the come-
detta, The Four Mowbrays.

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

Despatches from St. Petersburigh of the Ist February
have been received. The excitement was very great.
The War Party was very enthusiastic ; and the Peace
Party very anxious. Nothing transpired of what passed
in official circles.

The Emperor was suffering from an attack of bile,
accompanied with fever. The presence of gout was also
suspected.
Advices from Vienna of the 6th announce the mobi-
lisation of a corps of 25,000 men on the frontier of
Lesser Wallachia.

" The Emperor," says the Austrian State Gazette,
"considering his duties of a good neighbour to the bel-
ligerents,
had not thought it right to increase his army
in this direction, so long as the struggle between Turkey
and Russia was confined to Greater Wallachia, but now
that the contest has extended itself into Lesser Walla-
chia and the Austrian frontier, the Emperor, who
watches without ceasing over the interest of his States,
and who wishes to preserve them from invasion from
the West, has thought it right to plAce this force on a
war footing A portion of the garrison of Vienna will
march to put this resolution into effect."
The Vienna conference met once more on Friday, the
3d inst., for the purpose of taking into consideration the
answer of the Cabinet of St. Petersburg to the peace
project forwarded hence to that city on the 13th ult.
The following protocol was drawn up on this occasion :
---" The four Powers declare that the tenor uf the said
answer of the Russian Cabinet is highly unsatisfactory,
and by no means adapted for transmission to the Sub-
lime Porte."

It is reported that his Majesty the Emperor of Austria,

in addressing the corps of officers belonging to the regi-
ment Prince of Warsaw, previovs to their recent depar-
ture for the Servian frontier, said :—"No consideration
less than the violation of the Austrian territory shall in-
duce me to abandon the ssrictest neutrality in the pre-
sent conflict between Russia and Turkey."
It is asserted that the Austrian Government proposes
to send Prince Windischgratz on a mission to St. Peters-
burg to explain its motives for refusing to accept the
propositions of Count Orloff.

THE DANUBE.
According to the latest letters from Krajova, the bad
weather had alone prevented the Russians from attack-
ing Kalafat. The investing army has made a movement
in advance, but active operations will not begin before
March, when the bridges for crossing the Danube will
be ready.
Telegraphic despatches from Vienna mention a san-
guinary engagement, which it is said took place at
Giurgevo on Sunday last, the sth inst., in which both
sides suffered severe loss. The Turks, it is said, crossed
the Danube in number 3,000, drove in the outposts, and
attempted to take the town. In the end they withdrew
across the Danube.

The Petrie says that a Turkish detachment having
passed the Danube in the night, destroyed the tete de
pont of the Sereth, between Galatz and Ibraila, which
was defended by two thousand Russians. The combat
was fierce, and the Russians, who were inferior in
numbers, were compelled to abandon the position. The
Turks destroyed the enemy's large new barracks.
The following telegraphic despatches have been re-
ceived to-day :
" BELGRADE, JAN. 3.—A serious fight took place at
Tojana on the 29th ult., which was attended with great
loss on both sides. The Turks retreated to Kalafat.

" BUCHAREST, JAN. 6.—Almostlclaily attempts have
been made by the Turks to cross the Danube at Giur-
gevo and Oltenitza' since the 15th ult., but without
success.

" GALATZ, JAN. 2.—The Turks made reconnoitring
expeditions from Matschin and Isatchka with steamers
and gunboats against Ibraila and Reni. A sharp firing
ensued on both sides. The Turks ultimately retired."
A telegraphic despatch from Vienna last night, says :
" Attacks are to be continued on Giurgevo awl
Oltenitza till a firm footing is secured.
" The Turkish and Egyptian officers taken at Sinope
have been liberated, and have arrived here on their way
home to Trieste.

" With the consent of the Porte, the firmans were
not read at Belgrade on the 3d.
The Wanderer learns from Krajova that at the express
order of the Emperor General Schilders had been sent
to Wallachia to examine into the circumstances connected
with the battles of the 6th and 10th of January. "and
to make such changes as might appear necessary."
It is now clear that the future operations against
Kalafat will be undertaken from Bole chti rather than

from Radovan, although this last place, which is a most
important position at the end of a spur of the Carpa-
thians, will be strongly garrisoned. Radovan is neither
a town nor a village, but merely an inn with a few huts,
situated on the last rising ground on the road from Kra-
jova to Kalafat. It is supposed that this spot is very
strongly fortified, but nothing positive is known on the
subject, as the Russians permit no one to approach it.
Any attack on Radovan would probably fail, and cer-
tainly be attended with a very great loss of life. Three
Russian regiments, one of which is the Chasseur Regi-
ment Odessa, have been so cut up that they must be
completely reorganised before they can again take the
field.

The Russian head-quarters in Little Wallachia were
on the 27th removed to Boleschti, the hard frost which
had set in on the preceding day having made it possible
to resume operations. Up to the 27th the Russian
corps had formed a'semicircle, the extent of which was
about 35 English miles, around the Turkish position at
Kalafat. Early in the morning of the 28th there was a
general advance on the part of the Russians, and in the
evening of the same day the right wing had Citale about
seven English miles in its rear. The centre met with
considerable resistance, but when the infantry came up
the Turks retired to their intrenchments ; the left win g
had taken a position in the neighbourhood of Boleschti.
The general attack on Kalafat must now depend on
the state of the weather alone, as all the troops which
are to be employed in this perilous enterprise are on the
spot. It is hardly probable that the Turkish force
at Kalafat will for any length of time be able to make
head against the Russians, who have now 41,000 foot,
12,000 horse, 3,000 sappers and miners, and 120 guns
in Little Wallachia. The reserve at Slating is to
amount to 15,000 men. General Schilders is to have
the whole and sole direction of the projected passage
of the Danube, " but there will be hardly any change
in the supreme command of the troops."
The Kalisch correspondent of the Lloyd at length con-
fesses that Russia is preparing for a great war. The
raising of the reserve battalions, the hurrying to and fro
of the officers charged with their organisation, and the
continual visits of the inspecting generals are proofs
that Russia is providing most seriously and energetically
for all contingencies. We are told that, although the
advancing reinforcements have much to suffer from the
bad state of the roads, the day is not far distant when
Russia will assume the offensive " and deal her enemy
a fearful blow." The Russian writer, when speaking of
General Schilders, says it is not difficult to guess what
the future functions of that officer will be, when it is
recollected that he is the chief of the engineering depart.
ment of the whole Russian army. Letters of the 26th,
from St. Petersburg, plainly show that the confidence of
the war party is much shaken. The mission of Count
Orloff had greatly excited the curiosity of the public,
and it was whispered " Russia was about to attempt to
barricade herself by means of an alliance with Germany."
The idea that the very flower of the Rusiian fleet is
at the mercy of the Western barbarians weighs heavily
on the minds of Russian patriots.