The Sun.
London, England, 1853-06-22 00:00:00

(Crystal Palace„

Crystal Pal. of France
Eastern Steam

Electric Teleg. of Ir.
Gen. Steam Navigat.
General Screw Steam
Dish Beftroot Sugar
Nat. Pat. Steam Fuel
Netherlands Land....
Nrth. ofEurope Steam
Peninsular& Oriental
Do. Do.
Royal Mail Steam ...
South Austral. Land
Submar. Telegraph ..
Univeral Emigration
and Colonization....
Van Diemen's Land

10
20
50
50
100
25

lii
all
25
60
25
all

MARKET NEWS-MI-IS DA Y‘

-.4).- I
CORN EXCHANGE. io 0 ti''?
Although the supply of English wheat ont°6r
1 ecieocli,far;e
market was very limited, the demand for w b
e , trr
was in a sluggish state. In prices, however' fe" rY
change to notice. For forward deliverY "
t° °9W
actions took place. unto, foe' 0.
The imports of foreign wheat have An'' 0 eor,co
3,290 qrs. The amount of business doing. `yes
wants, on former terms.
minded very little attention. the
Bale
We were scantily supplied with barlelf Bop.
,
which was steady, at extreme rates. ~, oweg" 4o
Malt sold on previous terms, with a II"' - tre-
on offer. } t 0
Fleateg pr
use., i' bp
Oats were in short supply and steady veg 300"
currencies. . as el/
Beans, peas, and flour were quite as den
,10 lor.
1
ARRIVALS THIS Wag. . I,
AlO 9
.c. Barley. MA6O IL oio
ha3ooj
1400 _
3,290 780

Englis.h
Irish ....
Foreign ..

Wheat.
1,080

1,11
W.HITECHAPEL•
The general demand ruled steady at this woci; tel
and prices were supported. Beef, 3s Od t°
owl, 9
3s 4d to 4s 8d ; lamb, 5s Od to 6s 2d;
4.810 d ; pork, 3s 4d to 4s 2d per Blbs by the °P""

Pfig#
BOROUGH HOPill.
scare, pi
The sale for all kinds of hops is st
have further advanced.

LLOYDS' SHIPPING.-(Til ,-
D

,ele,
lit IP'
LONDON, June 22.—Wind at Noon, 14' '
• lig ~,,
a
and cloudy. velY 'ttii:
..-c, Aril $1 p
FALHOUTS tune 21. —Wind, N./C IT • v for or 6
Ann, Hatch, savannah. Pnt Back—flarnienigob
bucto. Off Port--Catherina, Bahia, fbrijore' r,Ol
D'Auvergne, Bellot, Honduras ; Elvira, fo.lirriveVer i
DEAL, June 21.—Wind, E. bY N' forerun° AI
Bahia. Sailed—British Tar, China ; ov,,
Clifton, Calcutta. AlliVeCll7"
COWES, June 21.—Wind, variable. Th.oooo
,o,
Nesmith, New Orleans. Off the lAright---. Woe
rich Porto Cabello, from Hamburg h.
_A__Golgellvoili
BRISTOL, June 21.—Wind, E. Arro,,,ood---fr
Mauritius; Elizabeth, St. John's, N.B. ''''' 01,1• 1
Trinidad ; Alpha, New York. SAffin tri?
i un.rioil, A
WATERFORD, June 20.—Arrivea---- ugly. , v
QUEENSTOWN, June 20.—Wind, N•' 20.—Arrived—Mae
ClYl;roil.„‘
—Fortitude, St. Domingo, and sailed for 1. ier, 1„ v
CONSTANTINOPLE, June 9. The
.A.leirsepti_rooa)
England, has put in, having touched the g
been surveyed, and is discharging.

' MINIMMEMINIMENS ........._...._.__............--
f, Satildtf,i
AMENDMENT OF THE CRIMINAL LANV.----`-'°, prifio'
an act of Parliament (16th Vict., cap. 30) viiviois`io
or preventing. delay and expense in the I' ler
tion of certain parts of the criminal 1' avi 9.00
statute no person committed to prison Wider for t/r v;
rant or order of one justice of the peace' r Oil
account of not entering into recognisance eboilor
sureties to keep the peace, or to be of good borer 0
shall be detained under such warrant or no Sect
more than 12 calendar months from the titcet it collo,
commitment. Further, the act provides thra of 0 c°o
of general or quarter session may, upon I:49°` flee il,
viction and notice to parties, declare a recoeforfeWA
keep the peace or to be of good behaviour to be o*,
Indictments for misdemeanours are not to be • les'
• trO 09
by certiorari, except on an affidavit that a for
0/0
not be bad ; and no certiorari is to issue to for el
indictment unless a recognisance is given fo
ofoer
ment of costs.
GERMAN WO
h‘i;oill wbehiachriisse
wool. Thequintal ia the,. vPrasibs
mber 0' vor
rived, and that English,many aobfoninotF ttAohi
al tbi.ee_rhsAe
Itttei the great w o o I flit ra oe 1
Belgian, journals state thattcligsainf7uP,7iedatire:
aannyd
tGraenramaanntindnesableadrs
taluen 00.000
ARRIVAL 0P GOLD.—The Carnatic has
Sydney, t whence she sailed the 28th of Febrti° PP
19,669 ounces arrived ifith
s -
of gold, valued
wentwater brings only a 79 ,000/. 06
700 ounces.

LATE

ej/tet
Op s
TAT]
The i
Portant

LATEST FOREIGN NEWS.

FRANCE.
TII, e manoeuvres of the troops in the Camp de Satory,
CI to take place on Monday, under the orders of the
fm. Pero'', Were not postponed on account of the un-
eurable state of the weather. The troops were drawi?
'4l) at half-past one o'clock, and were joined by the bri-
tie of infantry from Versailles. The Emperor arrived
Parried after two o'clock in an open carriage, accom-
;bY Prince Napoleon. His Majesty, who was
bece,fred by Marshal Magnan, immediately got on horse-
and took the command, accompanied by the
igne) as his aide-de-camp. The infantry occupied the
'no) the cavalry the rear, and the artillery the
:autre. The infantry having formed into squares, with
a ace in number of guns in the centre of each, kept up
f_e Sharp fire on an imaginary enemy. They afterwards
grilled into line, leaving spaces between the battalions
cavalrY to act. A considerable number of evo-
-7°13,3 Were afterwards executed with admirable pre-
bt"),oi neither the generals nor the troops knowing be-
rehan
(I what orders the Emperor intended giving. The
I.7vY State of the ground, from the incessant rain, at
,tst rendered it necessary to desist. His Majesty, in
the Evening, gave a grand dinner at Trianon to all the
?eueals and superior officers of the camp, and returned
"0 St. Cloud about nine o'clock.
allle Minister of Marine will leave Paris on the 2d
41 for Cherbourg, and after stopping two days in that
Porgy Will visit Brest, Rochefort, and Lorient.
earshal de St. Arnaud, the Minister of War, after
ioivirig passed in review the Division of Cavalry at Lune-
toc,o Saturday, proceeded, by orders of the Emperor,
4 oarrebruck to pay his respects to the Prince of Prus-
/ viag.ho happens to be at present in the Rhenish Pro-
/ te,Tll° market for Government Securities was charac-
k Bedibygeneralldulness throughout the day. A.reaction,
"'ever, tooklace towards the termination of business,
tido the closing prices show an advance of per cent.
14 both Three per Cents. for the account, and the Four-
a Ralf per Cents. for cash, and of a Li per cent. in
Four-
ths quotation of the latter description of stock for the
!licl of the month. The amount of business transacted
elLthe Railway Share Market yesterday was not very
oc
--`naive, although a general improvement in prices has
curredshares
Lyons • Paris and advanced 15f. ;
lattuero, 10f.; Paris and Orleans, 10f. ; Paris and
prices 9f. ; Paris and Rouen, 2f. 50c. Closing
purie :—Northern, BSOf. • Paris and Orleans, 1,050 f.
Darla and Strasbourg, 890 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 900 f. ;
and Rouen, I,ooof.

atatu quo which it had always been our care to maintain,
nevertheless, it appearing to the Emperor that those docu-
ments satisfied to a certain extent his just solicitude for
the interest and immunities of the Russo-Greek worship
at Jerusalem, a desire of conciliation induced his Majesty
to accept them. They were taken cognizance of in a man-
ner to give them the value of a solemn and definitive
transaction.
" In presence of those categorical documents, officially
communicated after a long and weary negotiation, the Im-
perial Government was surely justified in considering for
ever closed a debate in which
.its moderation, had suc-
ceeded in obviating the dangers, and which left the Latins
in possession of new advantages. You are aware that,
unhappily, it has not been so.
" I should be carried toofar if I was here to relate all the
acts of weakness, tergiversation, and duplicity, which have
signalised the conduct of the Ottoman authorities, when it
was a question of fulfilling the engagement taken towards
us, and of proceeding to Jerusalem, according to the pre-
scribed custom, for the promulgation, enregistration, and
execution of the firman sent for this purpose to the Holy
City, according to the explicit assurance given to our mis-
sion at Constantinople. The Turkish Commissioner once
on the spot, dared to declare to our Consul, who insisted
on the reading and enregistration of the firman, that he
had no knowledge of that act, and that it was not men-
tioned in his instructions. Although later, on our recla-
mations, the firman was read and enregistered at Jerusa-
lem, it was done with restrictions insulting to the Eastern
worship. But, as regardstbe act itself, if we except the ac-
complishment of these simple formalities, the principaldis-
positions have been openly transgressed. The most fla-
grant infraction was the placing in the hands of the Latin
Patriarch the key of the principal door of the Church of
Bethlehem. This act was contrary to the precise terms of
the firman. It deeply wounded the feelings of the clergy,
and of the whole population of the Russo-Greek confes-
sion ; because, according to ideas entertained in Palestine,
the possession of the key seems to imply that of the whole
temple. The Turkish Government thus testified before the
eyes of all, even against its own interests, to the supremacy
it accords to another confession than that to which the ma-
jority of its subjects belong.
" Such a disregard of the most positive promises con-
signed in the letter of the Sultan to the Emperor ; so pa-
tent a breach of faith, aggravated still more by the pro-
ceedings and deriding language of the Councillors of his
Highness, were certainly of a nature to authorise our
august master, wounded in his dignity, in his friendly con-
fidnce, in his creed, and in the religious sentiments which
he shares in common with his people, to demand on the in-
stank, a striking reparation. His Majesty might have done
so if, as he has been accused by an opinion false in its
sources, he only sought a pretext to overthrow the Otto-
man Empire. But he did not wish it. He preferred ob-
taining that satisfaction through the medium of pacific
negotiations. He once more endeavoured to enlighten
the Sovereign of Turkey on his wrongs towards us, as also
against his own interests, and appealed to his wisdom to
correct the faults of his Ministers, and with that object in
view Prince Menschikoff was sent to Constantinople.
" His mission had two objects :
" 1. To negotiate in lieu of the firman which had been
discarded, a new arrangement which, without depriving the
Latins of that which they had latterly obtained (for we were
desirous to avoid placing, in exacting this retraction, the
Ottoman Porte vis-a-vis France precisely in the false posi-
tion in which it was placed towards ourselves), should ex-
plain, at least, those concessions in a manner to take away
the appearance of a victory obtained over the Russo-Greek
faith, and to establish, by means of some legitimate com-
pensations, the equilibrium overthrown at the eepense
the latter.
" 2. The corroboration of such arrangement by an au-
thentic act, which might serve us at once as a reparation
for the past, and a guarantee for the future.
" That first portion of the mission of our ambassador ex-
traordinary, in itself of a most difficult nature, as it implied
establishing an accordance between the reciprocal but con-
tradictory privileges and interests of Russia and France,
was, we think, undertaken in an extreme spirit of conci-
liation ; dispositions to which, we are glad to say, the
French Government responded. After long discussions it
at last bore fruit, and the result was the drawing up of
two new firmans without opposition from the French
Ambassador.
" But, as I have already observed, the question under
negotiation presented another face. To obtain an arrange-
ment was not all. Without an act to make it valid,which
would offer the guarantee that the new firmans should in
future be executed and religiously observed in their prin-
ciples and consequences, it is evident that those docu-
ment, after the flagrant violation of the one that had pre-
ceded them, could not have any more value than it in our
eyes. The Emperor attached the more importance to this
guarantee, because it constituted really the only separa-
tion which he demanded after the outrage done to his
dignity by the breach of faith of the Ottoman Porte,
especially after the circumstances which rendered it the
more patent.
" Prince Menschikoff was charged to endeavour to ob-
tain it by means of a convention, which he would sign
with the Turkish Government. Of a treaty so called there
was never question.
" The form of this convention was loudly declaimed
against as bearing atteinte in principle against the rights
of sovereignty of the Sultan ; as conferring upon us de
facto, in the name of religion, a right of perpetual inter-
ference in the internal affairs of Turkey. We think that a
phantom has been conjured up—that fears are entertained,
the foundation of which is more special than real.
" In principle a convention, or even a similar treaty,
would be nothing unusual, and we do not understand in
what more they would constitute an attack upon the sove-
reign autonomy of the Sultan, than the capitulations and
other acts that France and Austria already possess in Tur-
key. For in principle alone, that is to say as concerns the
independence of the Sultan, it imports little that an act
applies to such or such number greater or lesser of his sub-
jects, in favour of whom a right of foreign protection
i should be exercised.

the satisfaction which he has hitherto in vain endeavoured
to obtain by pacific means.
" It is not without profound regret that the Government
of the Emperor has assumed this attitude. But from
blindness and obstinacy it has been endeavoured to drive
tack Russia into a position, as it were, at the extreme
limit of moderation, where it cannot retire one step me-re
without the loss of its political consideration.
" We beg of you, sir, to communicate these facts to the
Government to which you are accredited, bringing to its
knowledge the important document annexed tothe dispatch.
We beg of it to give to it the greatest attention ; it is the
Gordian knot of the question at this moment ; the knot
which it is still our wish to loosen pacifically, but which it
appears to have been endeavoured to make us cut through.
By submitting our ultimatum, to the imperial judgment of
the Cabinets, we leave it to them to decide if, after the
serious wrongs of which the Porte has become cul-
pable towards us—after it has given us so many causes
of legitimate resentment—it were possible toput up
with a lesser satisfaction. The conscientious examination
of our project of note will prove that, shorn of all form of
treaty, or even of synallagmatic contract, it contains no-
thing contrary to the rights of sovereignty of the Sultan,
nothing which implies on our part exaggerated pretensions
attributed to us by a distrust as insulting to us as it is
little justified by our anterior acts. This examination will
suffice, we hope, to dispel the false reports circulated on
our haughty exactions, and to prove that, if the rejection
of the last means of conciliation (derniers moyens d'acco-
modement) which we propose to solve the difficulties which
have been purposely thrown in our way, in the affair of
the holy places, should bring about complications •of a
nature to compromise peace, it is not on us that the respon-
sibility must rest in the eyes of the world.
(Signed) " NESSELRODE."
The following is the text of the project of note or
ultimatum, above alluded to :

TURKEY.
Cox
ha, STANTINOPLE, June 9.—The firman, or rather the
in'tLi-sheriff relative to the concessions which have been
the of for some time past, to be made in favour of
Christians of the Eastern Church, was issued on the
oe.
the inst. On the 7th it was solemnly communicated to
"e Greek and Armenian patriarchs, convoked for that
lin
4:.!rPose at the palace of the Minister for Foreign Af-
k!,
'com ponied by the leading members of their com-
rinii. This hatti-sheriff contains nothing new ; it is
hPI a formal recognition and the confirmation of all
Privileges and immunities accorded to the Christians
J". former Sultans, and bye t
himself, and
Piloted in the berats of investiture.
tcul this document the Sultan expressly recommends to
tiLe Patriarchs the strict observance and rigorous execu7
0:
0)* of these stipulations, and enjoins them to inform his
ittVernMent of any infractions of the same, that immedi-
e redress may be obtained. The Greeks, however, in
fieneral, do not seem well satisfied with some of the disposi-
-1:18 of this hatti-sheriff, which confers, in their opi-
u aun! too much power upon the patriarchs. This mea-
We is, however, quite in conformity with the demands
Prince Menschikoff ; and although it has not been
I,7tented in the form of a treaty, as he demanded, it
ad
thought that it will answer the purpose,
Xi serve to maintain and protect the rights and pri-
.4egeg of the Christian subjects of the Porte.
14 ,4. Balabine, first secretary of the Russian legation,
of had remained at Constantinople after the departure
Prince Menschikoff and the embassy, left here on
in order to convey the hatti-sheriff to Odessa.
Ze returned this morning in a war steamer bearing a
io'erehant-flag, which vessel will, it is said, remain here
ketake away the personnel of the Chancery of Com-
t e ", and of the Post-office, in case the Emperor
ould decide not to renew relations.
the Meantime, the aspect of affairs is still warlike, and
Porte continues its preparations with unabated acti-
ZtY• Two officers of the Prussian engineers have left
inspect the fortresses on the Danube ; and two
the
French officers in the Turkish service, as professors at
Polytechnic School, have been ordered to be ready
r 4 start, and have been provided with the necessary
11,„(1e• One of them, M. Magnan, is a staff officer.
-44,"-ne greatest uncertainty prevails as to the attitude
the Powers that signed the treaty of 1841 are
i;elY to assume in the impending struggle. The news
••`nlight by the last couriers is so contradictory, that it
itn
possible to form an opinion upon the subject. As
tie,t it appears that the ambassadors have given no posi-
--.Re assurances to the Porte, which lives upon hope.
M. de Bruck, the Austrian internuncio, who has been
lia"Y expected, has not yet arrived. It is generally be-
-rbed that he is the bearer of instructions from the Court
Z-01;.ionna, which will throw some light upon this ques-

" PROJECT OF NOTE.
" The Sublime Porte, after the most attentive and
serious examination of the demands which form the object
of the mission extraordinary entrusted to the Ambassador
of Russia, Prince Menschikoff, and after having submitted
the result of that examination to his Majesty the Sultan,
loses no time (se fait un devoir empresso) in notifying by
the present to his Highness the Ambassador, the Imperial
decision emanated on Ethe subject, by a supremo iradi,
under date of (Mussulman and Christian's date).
" His Majesty the Sultan, being desirous of giving to his
august ally and friend a new proof of his most sincere
friendship, and his great desire to consolidate the ancient
relations of good neighbourship and perfect entente which
exist between the two States, placing at the same time
implicit confidence in the ever-benevolent intentions of his
Imperial Majesty for the maintenance of the integrity and
independence of the Ottoman Empire, has deigned to ap-
preciate and take into serious consideration the frank and
cordial representations of which the Ambassador of Russia
has rendered himself the organ in favour of the orthodox
worship of the East, professed by his august ally, as also
by, the majority of their respective subjects.
The undersigned has received, in consequence, the
order to give by the present note the most solemn assurance
to the Imperial Government of Russia, represented to the
Sultan by his Highness Prince Menschikoff, of the un-
changeable solicitude and generous and tolerant sentiments
which animate his Majesty the Sultan, for the safety and
prosperity ii his States of the clergy, church, and religious
establishments of the Christian faith in the East.
" To render these assurances more explicit ; to precise in
a formal manner the principal objects of this high solici-
tude ' • to corroborate by supplementary explanations, ne-
cessitated by the march of time, the sense of the articles
which, in anterior treaties concluded between the two
Powers, relate to religious questions ; and to provide for
ever against any shade of misunderstanding and disaccord
on this subject between the two Governments, the under-
signed is authorised by his Majesty the Sultan to make the
following declarations :
" 1. The orthodox worship of the East, its clergy, its
churches, and its possessions, as also its religious establish-
ments, shall enjoy in future, without any hindrance, under
the shield (egide) of his Majesty the Sultan, the privileges
and immunities conferred upon them ab antiquo, or which
may have been accorded to them at different periods, by
the Imperial favour, and, in a principle of high equity,
shall enjoy the advantages accorded to other Christian con-
fessions, as well as to the foreign legations accredited to the
Sublime Porte, by convention or by private agreement.
" 2. His Majesty the Sultan having deemed it necessary
and equitable to corroborate and to explain his sovereign
firman, invested with the Hatti-Houmayoun, the 15th of
the moon of Rebiul-Akbir, 1268 (16th Feb., 1852), by his
sovereign firman of , and to ordain further by another
firman, in date of , the repairs of the cupola of the
temple of the Holy Sepulchre, those two firmans shall be
textually carried out and faithfully observed, to maintain
for ever the actual statu quo of the sanctuaries possessed
by the Greeks exclusively, or in common with other con-
fessions.
" It is understood that this promise extends equally to
the maintenance of all the rights and immunities enjoyed
ab antiquo by the orthodox church and its clergy, as well
in the town of Jerusalem as outside, without any prejudice
to the other Christian communities.
"3. In case the Imperial Court of Russia should make
the demand, a convenient locality shall be assigned in the
city of Jerusalem, or in the environs, for the construction
of a church consecrated for the celebration of divine ser-
vice by Russian ecclesiastics, and of an hospital for indi-
gent or sick pilgrims, which establishments will be under
the especial surveillance of the Consulate-General of Russia
in Syria and Palestine.
" 4. Firmans and necessary orders will be given to the
proper persons and to the Greek Patriarchs for carrying
out these sovereign decisions, and an ulterior understand-
ing will be come to for the regulation of the point of detail
which may not have been inserted either in the firmans
concerning the Holy Places of Jerusalem, or in the present
notification.
"The undersigned has, &c., &c."

" The guarantee by treaty assured in another state to the
interests of a sorsigis ...emulsion has been at all times usual.
At the period of the Reformation, for instance, states, even
great Catholic states, have concluded treaties or conven-
tions with other states, by which they 'uaranteed in their
territories to the Protestant communion certain priviliges,
enfranchisements, and immunities, in such manner that
even at the present day the civil position of that comunion
still reposes upon those basis, without the states which
gave such guarantees regarding themselves for such reason
hurt in their sovereign rights or in their political indepen-
dence. With the more reason in principle may such acts
be concluded with a Mussulman state, the Christian sub-
jects of which have suffered, and still suffer so often, not
only in their immunities, but in their properties, and in
their existence.
"As regards the fact, as far as we are concerned, the
thing exists already, and the form of a convention which
we have proposed would offer nothing new in the matter
of religious protection. The treaty of Kaynardji, by which
the Porte engages itself to protect at all times In its states
the Christian religion and its churches, implies sufficiently
for us the right of surveillance and remonstrance. This
right is again established and still more clearly specified in
the treaty of Adrianople, which has confirmed all our an-
terior transactions. Those of Kaynardji date from the
year 1774. We thus de facto possess, since eighty years,
in writing, the right now disputed, and the mention of
which day is regarded as of a nature to cause quite a new
revolution in our relations with the Ottoman Porte, con-
ferring upon us the effective sovereignty over the immense
majority of its subjects. Surely, during this lapse of time,
if we had been disposed to make abuse of it, as incurable
distrusts suppose, occasions were not wanting, especially
of late, when Europe was a 'prey to anarchy—when the
Governments, powerless against internal discord, were ab-
sorbed or distracted by the revolution of the West, and
left open field in the East to the ambitious views attributed
to us. If we entertained the intentions which it is pleased
to give us, would we have waited to carry them out
until peace was re-established in Europe ? Would we
have disposed our forces in such guise as to offer
to our neighbours a moral and material support ?
Would we have worked with zeal, as we did, to reconcile
our allies to put aside all that might be hurtful to the in-
timate union of the Powers ? On the contrary; we would
have sought to keep up their discords. We would have
let the European Governments to fight it out between
themselves or with their revolted subjects, and, taking ad-
vantage of their embarrassments, would have marched
without obstacle to the realisation of what is called our
invading policy. Now that social order is, happily, every-
where re-established, and that the States re-seated on their
foundations may dispose more freely of the common action
of their forces, the moment would be strangely chosen to
follow up such a line of policy.
" Once again, in principle and in fact, a convention
with the Porte in the interest of our co-religionists is
nothing new. It would not offer us any advantage which
we have not for a long time possessed, and which we could
have abused if we nurtured the intentions attributed to
us. If we are strong wo do not need it. If we are weak,
such an act would not make us feared the more. This is
so true that we never should have dreamt of making the
proposition on the special question of the holy places, if
the Porte had not compelled us, by forgetting its former
promises, to endeavour to bind it more strictly to the
maintenance of the statu quo of the sanctuaries of Pales-
tine—if, when we protested against the concessions made
to our detriment, it had not given us for excuse that, as
regards the holy place, France had a treaty and Russia
had none.
"Moreover, we have never made a so-called convention
the sine qua non condition of our reconciliation with the
Porte. Whilst giving to Prince Menschikoff when sent on
his mission to Constantinople, that form to the minute of
the stipulations he had to negotiate, it left him full lati-
tude to modify them, not only in the terms, but also to
obtain them under any other form which might be less re-
pugnant to the susceptibilities of the Porte, or of foreign
diplomacy. It is after that authorisation that our negotia-
tor arrived on the spot, and having convinced himself of
the obstacle that our project of convention would meet
with, confined himself to demand, under the name of
Sened, an act which better harmonised with Oriental
usages, and was less conformable to the solemn ideas ordi-
narily implied by the word convention in the law of Euro-
pean right. Two extended clauses of that first project of
Sened, by which, we demanded, not, as has been pre-
tended, the right to confirm the election of the Patriarch
of Constantinople, but simply the maintenance of the ec-
clesiastical immunities and temporal advantages accorded
ab antique by the Porte to the four patriarchs of Con-
stantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, and Jerusalem, as well
as to the metropolitan bishops and other spiritual heads of
the Eastern Church, having raised too serious objections,
Prince Menschikoff did not refuse to suppress those two
clauses altogether. A second project was the result, upon
the acceptance of which he for a long time insisted. The
Porte persisting in rejecting every sort of engagement
which bore a bilateral and synallagmatic form, our ambas-
sador finally, at the last moment, in the spirit of his in-
structions, went so far as to declare that if the Porte would
accept and sign immediately a note, such as the subjoined
project, he himself would be satisfied with such document,
and consider it as sufficient reparation and guarantee.
" Such was, then, at the moment Prince Menschikoff
quitted Constantinople, the veritable ultimatum put by
the Imperial Cabinet ; and it was in consequence of the
delay shown by the Porte in accepting the document in
question that our negotiator left for Odessa, and broke off
diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Government.
" What he successively conceded on the form and sub-
stance of our propositions, he conceded equally•on the
terms originally fixed for their acceptance. He was ordered,
after a long and fruitless waiting, to demand a definitive
reply from the Porte within three days, and although that
reply ought consequently to have been given to him on the
Bth of May, he did not leave Constantinople till the 21st.
" After three consecutive months of laborious negotia-
tions, having exhausted oven to the last possible conces-
sions, the Emperor finds himself compelled to demand pre-
remplorily the acceptance pure and simple of the project
of note. Nevertheless, moved by the considerations of
patience and longanimity which have hitherto guided him,
he leaves to the Porte another delay of eight days to come
to a decision, after which, whatever effort it may cos'. his
conciliating dispositions, he will find himself obliged to
take measures to procure, by a more pronounced attitude,

ji•The American frigate which has been stationed in the
es arrived on Monday last at Constantinople. Yes-
dir'l437 the Tunis 'steamer, the Minos, arrived with
aPatelies from the Bey to the Porte.
b ()o Monday evening the Turkish Custom-house was
:so
rut down. Happily the magazines and warehouses
ere savedthat the loss is confined to the public
offices ,
The following are some gleanings from the German
Journals relative to the East :
I, The Tricste Gazette of the 16th, states that warlike
illeParations continued to be made in that port, but
Iv at few persons seriously feared war. It adds, that it
48 stated that the Russian troops who were to have
crossed the Pruth had received counter orders. The
13"1:11e gazette, under date of Smyrna Bth, says :—" The
'evernor a few days since received orders to send 1,000
,men from this garrison to Constantinople, and scarcely
had the order-- been made known, when all the troops
`utoarkled to be sent. It was therefore found necessary
rn,,,,PPoint
„, by lot the quota required. The number of
who have volunteered to join the army is very con-
,"rable. Several political refugees have offered their
elllees to the Ottoman Porte.
11 the St. Petersburgh journals whichilhave arrived in
sil present the curious fact—that they are completely
ein respecting the affairs of Turkey. That word is
not "en found in them, which would seem to imply
t the Russian Government desires to envelope its
resolutions in the most complete secrecy.
vatecoonats from St. Petersburgh of the 11th, announce
Prince Menschikoff had just been named governor
,the Crimea.
wo regiments are now being organised in Turkey on
e Plan of the Chasseurs of Vincennes. They are to
e armed like them, will manoeuvre in the same man-
ner'o and will be dressed like the Zouaves. These re-
'oents are intended to serve in the Balkans.
fo
fir',,,lle last French steamer has brought 40,000 muskets
the Porte. 2,000 gunners have left for Varla, and

AMERICA.

'IIOI.ILAR ADDRESSED BY THE CABINET
,
ST. pETEESBURGH TO PITS REPRESEN-
TATIVES AT FOREIGN COURTS.
2he following is a translation in extenso of this im-
"laid document -

ARRIVAL OF THE ATLANTIC.
LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY.

" St. Pctersburgh,_ Jikuonffe liln, ITBusr3k. e y
he::;ir,—The mission of Prince Mensch
rumours
""ig already given rise to the most exaggerated
---14niours to which his departure and theinstetirrllumptoioren-1
12tZ1a_t,io?is which ensued would doubtless a(
1.,..1:°. it advisable to send you on this subject some general
~‘rrea.tion to enable you to recti the false reports which
".`a.3' have been spread in the country in which you reside.
era
superfluous to tell youthat there not one
of truth in the pretensions attributed to usisbysoomr
ae
Dora
an
thenals, of claiming either addition of territory
0 advantageous regulation of our Asiatic frontier, or
rates of nomination and revocationr of thperotttno--
y other re igious .
of Constantinople,
ally
, tending to exceed that which we. exercise. tradition-
te.., , Practically, and legally in Turccy, in virtue of our an-
well acquainted with
an-
the treaties. You are sufficiently
24 l'°licY of the Emperor to-know that
OhtitsomMaanjeEstmypdierees,
t,,,,Liwish the ruin and destruction t a
en...c,e saved by it ; that, on the con r rys , iut has always re-
tat quo as the best
i'"edt and still regards the actual
rotasible combination to interposet comebetw einenvtiohleenEtueroonpteasent
vitell'ests, which would not fail.
that, each other in the East
Pat n, the. i
illi,Zseregairds the protection
ifofaotvbaecnuuumssow.
awas
Greekm a oracle
Or worship
ether ' F, we do not need watch obvyerouitrs interests any
pa • . rights than those assured to us
the religious sym-
nfluence resulting from the
of
Russians
of
the ar which exists between fifty millions
y of the Christian
e„, . reek faith and the great m
h'i)jeets of the Sultan; a secular ianjtiounence
tecause it is in facts, and not in words—an
he ascended
which
.and inevitable,
throeliiPeror found ready made when
t, and which he could not renouncell fraosmeecniedfeedretnhcee
the e lin.iititisuspicions it arouses, witio'ut relinquishing
glorious inheritance of his august predecessors.
the it il as much as to tell you how littlee fmouinssdiaotnioonf
I,rite is for the reports spread relative to th
thall.,,°,°, Menschikoff, which never had any other object
;' the arrangement of the Holy Places.
the' It Would be too long to give an historical detail of all
year 1850.
II Phases through which it has passed since the
'tconscience acquits us of being the first to meet that
question,citte We knew how pregnant it was with COLISO-
or
of tires for the peace of the East—perhaps. for peace
th ° world. We have not ceased, since its origin, to. call
iaewsl,;s.attention of the great Cabinets to the position
vhiei,-"en it would place us, or the grave eventualities
take ' would arise ; and the successive. development it has
tiain, flally causing the actual crisis, has too much jus-
t.° reu our aid forebodings. It will suffice for the moment
ebieYlind you. that in consequence of the first
t concessionssa len
to ?Jima by France in favour of "the. Latino at Jerusalem,
%tn.) detriment of the secular privileges accorded. to the
li4eol',Bl,tolaeE Emperor, perceiving that the evident pa.
echace's'.° Porte for the Latins
.was gradually toleadinglttbe
13-'e 8 18 more grave for the rights and interests of
amicable
I'l'l'l Ilttilw°l'shiP, felt himself bound to address an
T'bceabrele.
,i,`, serious letter on the subject to the Sultan.
0_ a
ace: 13,f that step were first of all the convocationl
mfas
Ivhiebah'i°n, exclusively composed of Turkish ute
e to
cell ".IvaB occupied with an arrangement of a n
~me,lhate the reciprocal pretentions ; then, after long dis-
-44,81°P5, followed a reply from the Sultan to the Emperor,g
Ir, (Tncing the final solution of the question, and contain-
ancient
' the
most solemn promises on the maintenance of
/11,4,e Privileges granted by the Porte to the Greek conv.
nieo)i" 8. A. finnan, embodying thedetails of that arran,
he,,, , was at the same time communicated to us. At the
to:" of that Orman a Hatti-Sheriff autograph of the Sultan
antegliised and confirmed in the most formal manner the
ret nor acts accorded to the Greeks at different periods,
aoyewed by Sultan Mahmoud, and confirmed by the actual
ereigt„
.‘ 41tlanug letter and finnan were conceived in a
°Nit NA • firmalll which deviated slightly from the strict

By the steamer Atlantic we have advices from New
York to the 11th instant. She has brought 207 pas-
sengers, and $306,833 in specie on freight.
The Atlantic passed the steamer Niagara, for Boston,
at 11 a.m. on the 17th, and the steamer Pacific at 8 p.m.
on the 11th, 90 miles from New York.
The New York Herald states that Mr. Crampton, the
British Minister, bad received dispatches by the late
steamer relative to the fishery and reciprocity question,
and urging the matter upon the attention of the United
States Government. Mr. Buchanan was desirous of
having the negotiations transferred to London.
Her Majesty's frigate Leander arrived at New York
on the 10th, from Plymouth, with Lord Ellesmere and
suite on board.
The steamer Washington, from Bremen and South-
ampton, arrived at New York on the Bth.
The steamer Philadelphia has arrived at New Orleans,
with the Californian mails of the 16th of May.
The Illinois sailed from Francisco on the 16th, with
$1,600,000 in gold dust on freight.
Dreadful riots had occurred at Quebec and Montreal
on the occasion of Father Gavazzi's lectures.
He lectured on the 6th at Quebec, and many persons
were injured by the mob. )Father Gavazzi was himself
thrown out of the pulpit, and received a severe cut on
the head, and another on the face.
On the 9th he gave a lecture at Montreal. The
Catholic portion of the community became furious, the
military were called out, and were ordered to fire on
the mob, when seven persons were killed, six mortally
injured, and ten severely wounded.
Telegraphic accounts state that there was great ex-
citement at Montreal on the 10th.
Late accounts from Rio Grande state that Caravajae
and his associates had been released, and had entered
suits against the United States' Marshal for false arrest
and imprisonment.
The steamers El Dorado and Prometheus had arrived
at New York from San Francisco, the former with
688,792 dols., and the latter with 500,000 dols. in gold
dust on freight. Their advices bad, however, been
anticipated.
No business of importance had been transacted in the
New York Stock-market. Money was abundant at 6
to 7 per cent., and, in some instances, at
_5 per cent.

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 22, 1853.

dividends were paid not out of revenue, but out of capi-
tal. (Cries of " No, no.")
Mr. COLES CHILD, who was elected a director at the
last meeting, begged to say that during the period he
was auditor of the company he could assure the pro-
prietors that he had fully satisfied himself, in the per-
formance of his duty as auditor, that the accounts
presented to them were a true and faithful representa-
tion of their affairs.
Mr. G. SMITH and Mr. IVYLEAFE, members of the
Committee of Shareholders, condemned the course pur-
sued by Mr. Hamilton, and said there was no founda-
tion for his statements.
Mr. G. THOMPSON said, it could be shown that every
word of them was true if they were allowed to be gone

ENIPERIA

L PARLIAMENT.

which we have already followed, that this amount of re-
mitted taxation, large as it is, will recover itself in the
course of this period, just as the remissions of taxation in
1814 and 1845 have had that effect ; and taking the same
average as we have already experienced during the period
since 1842, we have arrived at the same result. Therefore,
at the end of the period to which I have referred, there
will be an income tax remaining—the present income tax
being 5,550,0001., and the additions now proposed being
590,0001.—making a total of 6,140,0001. There will also
be new permanent sources of revenue to meet that, namely,
a legacy duty of 2,000,0001., spirit duties, 436,0001.
licenses, 113,0001., making a total of 2,519,050/. There
will be an anticipated reduction of charge on the Three-
and-a-Quarter per Cents., the result of the operation of
Mr. Goulbourn's measure, amounting to 624,0001. The
average annual diminution of charge, according to that
which has taken place during the last three years,
will amount in seven years to 640,0001. In the
year 1860 will fall in the Long Annuities, being
1,292,0001., with others amounting to 854,0001., making
2,146,0001. So that the whole of the reductions of
charge and the permanent sources of income which I have
mentioned will amount together to 5,959,000/., making an
amount within 180,0001. of the then existing income tax :
so that, if the Legislature should think proper, the income
tax may be dispensed with without any charge or sacrifice.
Now, my lords, I must say that this appears to me to be a
solid system of finance. (Hear, hear, hear.) It has already
been received with great acceptation by the country, and
has met with very general approval. I believe that,
coupled as this proposal is, with a fixed faith in and ad-
herence to that system of free trade so wisely adopted, if
you persevere in this system of finance, and also if wo
should be fortunate enough to perserve the inestimable
blessings of peace which we have experienced for the last
forty years—l believe that in that case this country will
see times of happiness and prosperity which hitherto it has
not yet known. My lords, I beg to move the second read-
ing of this bill.

HOUSE OF LORDS—(YESTERDAY.)
The LORD CHANCELLOR took his scat on the woolsack
at five o'clock.

TRANSFER OF LAND.
Lord LYNDHURST, after reading an extract from
the report of the commissioners appointed to inquire
into the subject of registration of titles, asked the noble
and learned lord on the woolsack whether he had in con-
templation any measure relating to the subject of faci-
litating the transfer of real property.
The LORD CHANCELLOR said that he had no
plan in immediate preparation ; but the moment the bill
for the registration of assurances
passed the other house,
his attention would be anxiously turned to the subject.
Ho considered registration as but the first step to-
wards a complete amendment of the present system of
the transfer of landed property.
Lord BROUGHAM and Lord BEAUMONT ex-
pressed their satisfaction at hearing the answer of the
noble and learned lord, and agreed with him
that registration, of itself, was not sufficient to remedy
the evils of our present laws relative to the tenure and
transfer of landed property.
Lord BROUGHAM presented a petition from seve-
ral of the town councillors of Bath in favour of the
Charitable Trusts Bill.
INCOME TAX BILL.
The Earl of ABERDEEN rose and said ; My lords, in
moving the second reading of the Income Tax Bill, I may
be permitted to place before your lordships a general view
of the objects entertained by her Majesty's Government in
making this proposition, and to point out the advantages
which they expect the country to receive from its adoption.
At the first formation of the Government I stated to the
house that there would speedily be experienced great
financial difficulties, orlrather a financial crisis, by the fail-
ure of a large portion of our revenue, in consequence of the
early cessation of the income tax ; and I added that it
would severely try the ingenuity and ability of any person
to put us in a condition to repair that breach. My lords,
the income tax having expired in the month of April, it
became necessary for her Majesty's Government to consider
what course it was expedient to pursue. I believe it would
have been found impossible to allow the income tax to ex.
pire without being renewed, as it would have been impos-
sible to find a substitute for that tax. The surplus at our
disposal was insufficient to enable us to take this course,
and the taxes necessary for the purpose of supplying the
deficiency occasioned by the loss of the income tax would
have been so onerous, so oppressive, so unequal, that they
would in fact have created more dissatisfaction, and have
been more unpalatable to the people than the income tax
itself. (Hear, hear.) We therefore had no hesitation in
deciding upon renewing the income tax ; but then the
question arose, in what manner, for what period, and with
what modifications, should this be attempted. My lords,
it must be admitted that there is something in the
nature of the income tax itself, notwithstanding the
immense and incalculable advantages we have derived
from it both in war and peace, there is something in
its nature which is open to radical objections. (Hear,
hear.) There is no doubt but its inquisitorial nature
is highly irksome and objectionable, and cannot lie se-
parated from it. It allows also the principle of self-
asssesment, which affords facilities, not to say encourage-
ment, to fraud, very much to the loss of the revenue, and
to the injury of morality—that also is an objection
which cannot be removed. It must also be admitted,
that for some nime past, and especially recently, a
growing feeling has existed that the tax itself is un-
equal and unjust, from the mode in which it is im-
posed. (Hear, hear.) It has been felt that to tax trades
and professions the same as land, that to tax preca-
rious incomes in the same manner as realised incomes,
was in itself unjust ; and this feeling has gradually ex-
tended so as to embrace the whole body of public opinion,
and it is demanded in every quarter, both by public men
and in the press, that some change should take place by
varying the rate of taxation according to the different
sources of income ; a principle also which received addi-
tional weight from having been adopted by her Majesty's
late Government, who announced, by their organ in the
House of Commons, their intention to adopt it, althoagh
without explaining any special mode of carrying out this
system, which, not explaining or announcing, they pro-
bably had not in view. But, my lords, I think, notwith-
standing the prevalence of this conviction to which I have
referred, and for which I must admit there is much foun-
dation, my right hon. friend the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer so dealt with that notion in the speech with which
he introduced his financial measures, that he absolutely
silenced all opposition to his plan, which he proved to be
the only one capable of being put into operation. I
do not recollect, in the whole course of my life, any in-
stance in which the triumph of reason over strong convic-
tion was more significantly displayed than by my right
honourable friend. Ido not say that he proved that the
mode of assessing the tax adopted was just and equal, but
he proved that any other mode was impossible, and that
any attempt at another mode would be attended with still
greater inequality and injustice. Now, my lords, what is
the inference to be drawn from this? Not that the in-
come tax should not be renewed, but that it should nut
form any permanent portion of our financial system, and
that, in renewing it, we should take care to secure means
by which it should be extinguished in a given time—by
which, in fact, I may say, it should expire of itself.
(Hear, hear.) My lords, with this view we resolved upon
the renewal of the tax ; but to give the public confidence
as to its cessation was most desirable. To renew it for two
or three years, with the declaration and intention that it
should then expire, I fear, after what we have seen, and
what has already taken place on this subject, that neither
Parliament nor the country would have entertained much
confidence in the cessation of the tax, and, therefore,
it became necessary to give a proof of the sincerity of
the Government in the manner in which they pro-
posed the renewal of the tax, and to provide means which
should obviously at the given period enable you, if
you thought fit, to get rid of it without sacrifice and with-
out loss. We therefore propose, my lords, to re-enact it
for two years more at the present rato of 7d. in the pound,
for two years at the rate of Gd. in the pound, and for three
additional years at the rate of sd. in the pound, by which ,
it will cease in the year 1860 ; and at that period we shall .
have provided a substitute for the tax, without any addi-
tional burden or sacrifice whatever. (Hear, hear.) My •
lords, I will not attempt, of course, to predict what may
happen in the course of seven years ; the events that may
occur are beyond our foresight, and we can only form our
plans according to the circumstances which may be antici-
pated in the ordinary course of affairs, I think that in
the descending rates of the tax we have given an intima-
tion, a pledge, an evidence, of our sincere desire for the
gradual reduction of the tax, and I shall state in a few
moments the mode in which we shall provide for its total
extinction. Now, my lords, in renewing the tax, we also
propose to make large remissions of taxation, in such
modes as shall be most beneficial to the trade and com-
merce of the people, and shall add most to their comfort
and prosperity. (Hear, hear.) In this we shall follow the
policy and the example of Sir Robert Peel, from which the
country has already derived such inestimable advantage,
and from which I trust that it will derive still more. As
the estimated surplus of the year amounts to no greater
sum than 800,0001. of course, to effect this object, other
sources must be sought, and I shall state to the house, in
a few moments, how they are to be obtained. In the first
place, there will be a certain extension of the income tax
itself. It appears but reasonable that incomes below 1501.
should also be charged with the tax. Incomes between
1001. and 1501. have derived great advantage by the re-
missions of taxation which took place in 1842 and 1845,
and from the measures which have been adopted in conse-
quence of the existence of an income tax ; they will also
derive great advantage from the remissions of taxation now
to be made ; and it seems but reasonable, therefore, that
they should be prepared to share in the burden of the in-
come tax, which is now about to be modified. However,
it is intended that incomes from 1001. to 1501. shall only
be taxed at the rate of sd. in the pound, so that incomes
of 1501. will pay 7d. for the first two year, Gd. for the
next two years, whilst both they and incomes down toloo/.
will pay sd. for the remaining three years. Tho sum esti-
mated to be obtained from this extension of the tax is
250,0001. Then comes the extension to Ireland. Now,
my lords, in principle it cannot be denied that there is no
doubt that Ireland ought to be equally taxed with Eng-
land. This principle was acknowledged by Sir Robert
Peel in 1842, when he imposed the income tax, by a com-
pensatory tax ho proposed for Ireland—a duty on spirits
of ls. a gallon, and an increased stamp duty. It is true
that the spirit duty was very speedily repealed, and seine
time afterwards a very large proportion of the stamp duty
was also repealed. But the p rinciple of equal taxation
cannot possibly be controverted ; and it is proposed now
to extend the income tax to Ireland, by which it is ex-
pected that 450,0001. will bo obtained. But although Ire-
land has received the same advantage as the other parts of
the kingdom have derived from the imposition of the in-
come tax in 1812, and the measures of general relief passed
in consequence, still the situation of that country, no doubt,
requires consideration, and calls for large and liberal deal-
ing. Although the distress under which that country has
laboured with such severity has been mitigated, and in-
deed has ceased, still the effects of the calamity of 1847 re-
main to be alleviated and removed ; and in imposing the
income tax, it has been thought wise and just to snake a
great remission of the burdens now imposed upon Ireland.
My lords the consolidated annuities represent a capital of
4,500,000/. ; 1,500,0001. may be said strictly to belong to
the establishment for the relief of the poor, but the other
3,000,0001. are more or less connected with the land. Now,
my lords, the committee of your lordships' house which
sat upon this subject, I believe, recommended the remis-
sion of 2,000,0001. of these consolidated annuities, but it
is the intention of her Majesty's Government to propose
the remission of the whole. This may be cohsidered a
boon which I think may fairly compensate for the imposi-
tion of the income tax, inasmuch as a large portion
of those annuities, the capital of which represents an
annual charge of 245,0001. three-fourths of them, I
believe would endure for forty years, whereas the
income tax will expire in seven years. The condition
of Ireland, of course, varies in different parts of the
country, and, therefore, those remissions of burdens, how-
ever desirable, and however fair on the whole, operate
unequally in different parts. There is no reason, perhaps,
why Belfast should not pay an income tax just as well as
Glasgow or Liverpool, whilst, on the other hand, the
western provinces are utterly unable to discharge the
existing obligations. But although the. remission may be,
more welcome and more sensibly felt. in one part of thi,
country than another, still the. remission of. the whole,
amount appeared to be the most just and equitable mode
of proceeding. I will now state to yeur lordships
at.
ee
whole remission of taxation which. it is intended. to in k ,
by means of which a permanent. income will be secured,
and from which we anticipate the extinction of the income
tax. From 1853 to 1860, the period at which the income
tax will expire, the remission will take place, and the gross
loss to the revenue in the present year, arising from this
remission, will be 165,0001. I will state the amount for •
the whole period, in order that persons may be enabled to
contrast the income tax as it will exist at the end of this
period, with the amount of permanent taxation we shall
have realized in order to extinguish it. The remission of
the soap duties will be 1,126,0001. ; stamp duties, 418,000/. •
assessed taxes, 299,000/. ; post horses, 54,0001. Total of
remissions connected with the inland revenue department,
1,833,0001. Then, as regards the customs—tea duties,
334,0001. ; minor duties, 120,0001. ; and from another
source, 262,0001. In short, we calculate that the whole
amount of remitted taxation during this period will amount
to 5,384,0001. Now we calculate, according to the example

The Earl of DERBY : My lords, I do not rise for the
purpose of offering any opposition to the second reading of
this bill, because I am quite aware that the state of our
finances is not such as would enable us to dispense with
that large sure of money which is annually brought into
the Treasury by the income tax. But I must say that the
speech of the noble earl, from first to last, appears to me
to be a contradiction both of the premises from which ho
proceeded and of the conclusions at which he arrived, and
I cannot but believe that some of his calculations are of a
character so vague and delusory as to render it absolutely
impossible to reckon npbn them with any degree of cer-
tainty as to what may happen or what may be done in the
next six or seven years. (Hear, hear.) The noble earl
began by stating all the objections which there were to an
income tax at all. He spoke of its inquisitorial character,
and—quoting an argument which was used, I believe by
the Chancellor of the Exchequer—he stated that this was
a tax peculiarly suited to the time of war, which ought to
be a weapon not always kept in the hand, but hung up
against the wall ; and then, having established the unfit-
ness of this tax for the ordinary revenue of the country,
the noble earl, without assigning any season, comes to
the conclusion that the tax should be renewed, not in
time of war, but for the general service of the country
in time of peace, and for a period, which, accord.
ing to the views of the noble earl and his collea-
gues, is more than double the period for which it
was demanded by any preceding Government. (Hear.)
The renewal of the tax was asked for by Sir R. Peel, for
the purpose of assisting the taxation, and ho expressed a
hope that at the end of three or five years he might bo
enabled to dispense with it ; but as each successive period
has come to a close, every Government has found itself, in
consequence of the reduction of taxation, in a position in
which it was absolutely necessary to ask for a continuance
of the tax, notwithstanding all the objections to whom it
was open. But the difference between former Govern-
ments and this Government is this, that whereas they
have asked for it for a limited period, in consequence of
the actual state of the revenue, the noble earl and his col-
leagues ask for a continuance of this tax for the purpose
of carrying into effect, and still further extending those
principles of taxation upon which the noble earl has pro-
nounced a eulogium. But after the noble earl has come to
the conclusion that, notwithstanding the character of the
tax altogether, it is still necessary to impose it, and to
continue it for a longer period than on any former occa-
sion, he next proceeds to discuss the character and parti-
cular incidents and details of the tax, and he tells your
lordships that, in addition to the inquisitorial nature of
the tax, it is impossible to deny but that between various
classes of the community it operates with gross and grie-
vous injustice, the consequence of which I should have
thought would be that the noble earl, in proposing its re-
newal for so long a period, would have sought to havo
diminished and redressed that injustice. (Hear, hear.)
The noble earl has referred to the intention of the lato
Government to draw a distinction which he confesses to be
equitable, namely, where property is realised, on which
no deductions have accrued, and the income derived from
which is permanent, and without any drawback—to make
a distinction between that species of property and pre-
carious incomes. He says that he does not know in what
manner the late Government intended to carry that into
effect; but now the noble earl must forgive me if I re-
mind him that he should not come to any hasty conclu-
sion on this point, inasmuch as the late Government, hav-
ing had no opportunity of bringing their proposal forward,
did no more than indicate the outlines of it. An important
part of our budget was rejected by the House of Commons,
and consequently the Chancellor of the Exchequer never
had an opportunity of developing the mode in which be pro-
posed to carry into effect the principle of which he acknow-
ledged the justice, and on which he was prepared to act ;
of which, too, the noble earl acknowledges the justice, but
on which he is not prepared to act. The noble earl has
taken credit for the great ability and skill which characte-
rised the speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in sup-
port of his proposition for maintaining the present income
tax, with all its acknowledged injustice, and he attributes
the success which has attended the passing of the bill
through the other House of Parliament to the powerful
reasons stated by the right hon. gentleman in support of
his views. He has forgotten, however, to recite amongst
the persuasive inducements which might have obtained the
acquiescence of the House of Commons, that while the
Chancellor of the Exchequer undoubtedly deprived a cer-
tain class of the advantages which they might have ex•
pected from the equalisation of the pressure of the income
tax by establishing a distinction between fixed and pre-
carious incomes, he at the same time gave a boon to all
that class by fixing an oppressive tax, in the shape of a
succession tax, on real property, from which that class of
property is at present exempt. I have every respect for
the great ability and the great power in debate and argu-
ment of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, but I must ven-
ture to retain my own opinion, that the success of the in-
come tax in its present and amended form was not attri -
hatable to any powerful arguments, but to the counter ad-
vantage of having a very heavy tax thrown upon real pro-
perty. Having established that the income tax is an in-
quisitorial tax—having, in the next place, proved, and
having assumed that its manner of assessment was grossly
unjust and partial, the noble earl proceeds to take great
credit for not having made this tax a portion of the per-
manent revenue of the country. As I have stated before,
so far from having given any indication of an intention to
relieve the country from this tax, the present Government
have asked for the continuance of the tax for a period
more than double what was asked for by any previous
administration, but they hold out a prospect, though
clouded by various hints and insinuations, and have
taken credit to themselves for providing for the re-
duction of the tax at the end of seven years. (Hear, hear.)
Now, the noble lord wishes the house to believe, and I
wish I could believe, that there was on the part of Govern-
ment, and still snore on the part of Parliament, any
wish, or indeed that it was in their power, to give up
this income tax at the expiration of the period of seven
years. I should have given credit to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer for really intending to act upon the principle
which he professes, of doing away with this tax, if he hail
begun by making some earlier and some more rapid dimi-
nution of this tax. But the fact is that the Govermuent
retain the tax in its full amount for a period of two years ;
then they propose to diminish it by one penny in the pound
for a period of two years more ; at the expiration of that
time it is to be reduced by 2(1. out of 7d.; and then it is
to remain unaltered until the expiration of seven years.
Then, all at once, the noble earl believes that at the end of
this seven years it will be possible, and Parliament will
consent to get rid of the tax of 5(1. in the pound, IS cur-
-1 plus of 4,000,0001. or 5,000,0001. being required to effect
that object. (Hear.) If the Government had proposed
that the tax should be taken for seven years, and an an-
nual reduction of one penny in the pound should take
place during that period, I should have thought that the
proposal carried with it evidence of sincerity, inasmuch
as the reduction would be very gradual, and it would be
within the limits of an ordinary surplus to meet the defi-
ciency, whereas sd. in the pound is manifestly beyond the
extent of the power of any probable surplus at that time.
(Hear.) But the noble earl takes credit for saying that at
the expiration of the period of seven years there will be a
sufficient surplus in the Exchequer to enable you to get
rid of the income tax, and he enumerates items for which
I am quite prepared to give him credit—namely, the re-
duction of the Three per Cents. consequent on the mea-
sure of Mr. Goulburn, and the falling in of the Long An-
nuities in 1860. But then, in order to make out a surplus,
he first of all shows that there will he a reduction of in-
come to the amount of 5,800,0001., and he then shows that
there will be—by a reduction of duty, on which he calcu-
lates, and by the diminution of other charges—in point of
fact, a saving, at all events, equal to the 5,800,0001. which
he is about to lose by the remission of the tax. But then,
in order to establish his surplus, he is obliged to go
further, and he is obliged to assume that, for the purpose
of getting rid of the income tax, the reduction of
willbnuott
also only
thatb e
tchoev ered
effect byo f atdhdei trieo(ntt t
iionn-
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goefu570a01103:000 willl. havewill
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stele
venears have wholey amount
been made good to the revenue. I have no doubt that
there will be an increase of consumption, and conse-
oentih theat t
hr
eduction dwuhc
ot oe nof
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q t yon n tom many
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butan
awt-hich the noble earl assumes, the whole basis of his calcula-
tions upon which you are going to get rid of the income
tax, is that that amount shall have been so great that it
shall have restored the whole amount of the loss accruing
by the reduction, and brought back our income to its ori-
ginal bounds, notwithstanding those reductions. (Hear.)
My lords, that is a matter of the merest speculation, the
merest chance, of which it is absolutely impossible to form
the slightest opinion, and which may be effected by one
hundred different circumstances, of which it is impossible
that the noble earl should have the smallest data, and yet
it is upon the accuracy of those calculations that he depends
for the ability of reducing the income tax in seven years.
(Hear.) Nosy lot me call the attention of your lordships to
a few points, in which it is quite manifest that the noble
earl's arguments defeats itself. Ito states that he shall have
from the income tax in calculated revenue a present amount
of 5,500,0001., together with an addition of 250,0001., which
is to arise from the extension of the tax to incomes below
1501. a year, and the sum to be derived from the extension
of the tax to Ireland. Then he is to have 5,500,0001., and
about 590,000/. from the extension of the tax to classes not
now subject to it. But he has forgotten that before the
expiration of the seven years he means to reduce the income
tax from 7d. to 5d., and does he expect that the tax will
produce the same amount at sd. as it does at 7d. ? (Hear.)
Now this will affect the whole of tho •calculations upon
which rests the present prospect of getting rid of the in-
come tax. I am merely following the noble earl's figures. and
surely he must see that there is a mistake affecting 2-7ths of
his whole calculation. Believing, as I do, that the tax will
be permanent, I do not dispute the theoretical justice of
charging the landed property of Ireland,but I think t would
have been better to postpone a proposal of this kind to a
period when the land of Ireland would be better able to
bear it, and if the tax is to be only temporary, I cannot say
that I think it was worth while making such a proposition