The Sun.
London, England, 1854-10-26 00:00:00

No. 19,371.]

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'~ U ~f-~-%~-'

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 26, 1854.

SUN COFFEE-HOUSE, 32, FISH-STREET-
PUDDICK, in returning Ids sincere thanks to the
numerous friends who have continued to patronise him during the
alterations, in consequence of the late fire, begs to inform them and
the Public generally, that the Upper Coftee Rooms are now RE-
(WEN D FOR BU-INESS, where every attention will be paid to
their accommodation and comfort.

KEATING'S COUGH LOZENGES.—During
a period of mere than 40 years this valuab7e medicine has
I 'um lianily borne the severest test of public opinion ; and upon
'hat sound basis alone, it has gradually hut surely won the way to
ire eminence, until it is now universally acknowledged to he the
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hat large c ass of disease which affects the Pulmonary Organs. It
',as been proved by long experience to be equally efficacious and
n wertul in those severer forms of Pulmonic Affections—Asthma,
7ncipient Constrmtion, Chronic Bronchitis, and Spasmodic Cough;
4nd is entirely tree from all deleterious ingredients and opiates, and
s a perfect y safe remedy for the most delicate female or youngest
child.
--- - - -

So'd in in Boxes h. I%cl , and Tins, 2s. 9d., 43. 6d., and 10s. Gd.
ach, by 7,,omas Ke Mug, chemist, &c.. No 79, St. l'Aul's Church-
. ard, London ; and by all druggists and patent medicine vendors in
:he world.

RECENT TESTIMONIAL TO TILE VALUE OF THESE
LOZENGFS.
I cannot express wh t I suffered -- oughing, expectorating, and
the respiration impeded. Strange to say, I gra'ually recovered
without Any treaiment, except taking a few boxes of eating's
lough Lozenges. My lungs were so much affected, and the general
health so debilitated, that I had but little hopes of recovery.
(Signed) J. PICKERSGILL,
Serjeant 66th Regiment, Quebec.

3d Nov. 1853.
To Mr. Keating, 79, St. Paul's Church-yard.

KEATING'S COD LIVER OIL, imported
direct from Newfoundland, of the finest quality, pale, puri-
fied, and nearly tasteless. Half-pints, 2s. ; pints, 3s. 6d. ; quarts,
fis. 6d.; five-pint bottle, 153., imperial measure.
Orders from the country should expressly state" KEATING'S
"OD LIVER OIL"

sible to put any other than a low value upon a winter survey
in the Polar regions. This is exemplified in the journey
which Sir James Clark Ross made across the isthmus of
Boothia, when he not only traced a large portion of land
under au impression that he was travelling along the conti-
nent of America, which, after several years, was found by a
summer survey to have been an island, but he actually passed
by the estuary of the Groat Fish River, altogether unaware
of the existence of that magnificent stream. Poctes Bay was
the name given by Sir James ClArke Ross to the estuary into
which the Great Fish River has since been found to empty
itself.

Dr. Rae has, however, furnished us with some interesting
matter for discussion. For instance, there is the evidence
of the outlet of the Fish River into Regent Inlet— for which ,
I have so long contended ; and the fact that the failure of his
enterprise is wholly attributable to an accumulation of
ice upon an eastern land gives additional weight to the
law which I have established, that all arctic lands that have
an eastern aspect aro ice-clogged. The journey which
I proposed to Lord Glenelg in 1835, afterwards to Lord
Stanley, and which I now, at the expiration of 12 years, pro-
pose to your Lordship—is along a land which has a western
aspect, and which I have shown is almost invariably ice-free.
ell tdi oitegi
ornes
questionws ,
will
therefore,bo
as
f otuon
dt
theo the
wpeninsularity
bspote w
unimpededher e I
o fN;
o supposeartnhd thenot
Somerset l
onlyos t
bMwexelly progress,
at rest, but that which remains undone of the northern
configuration of America will be completed,—for it is by
hugging the western land of North Somerset only that we can
expect to fall upon the traces of the lost expedition, if we are
to look for it in that direction,
I would state, in conclusion, that the various surveys
which have been set afloat since T came forward in
1836 as a volunteer, have but cleared the way to
render the soundness of my views more apparent. The
several expeditions which have since been undertaken, whether
they have resulted in success or failure, have afforded so
many successive links in the chain of evidence which demon-
strates the scientific character of the views advanced by me
in 1836—and for adherence to which I have been refused all
character as a scientific traveller and all honorary acknow.
ledgment of faithful service to my country. lam not, how-
ever, asking your Lordship to recommend to her Majesty
the bestowing upon me a mark of approbation, as a reward
for the soundness of these views, which has been bestowed
upon those who contradicted them, I am asking your
Lordship to appoint me to a service for which I am recu.
Early qualified—a service of extreme hazard and labour,
but which, to be successful, must be undertaken by some
one of great experience. lam willing to labour still for
that recognition which will give me equality with those
who are now my superiors— and when I state to your
Lordship that I stand alone as a single individual, isolated
from the heroes of the Pole in regard to reward for services,
I trust your Lordship will consider that I have strong claims
for such a service. The time has arrived, I say, when I am
able to refer your Lordship to my past services and my present
character as a guarantee that I am sincere in my offer, and
as an earnest that I will faithfully discharge the duties which
will devolve upon me if I should be honoured with the service
lam seeking at your Lordship's hands. Surely, my Lord, I
should now have a peace-offering. A considerable portion of
the main continent of North America bears the outline
which I gave to it,—in which I differed with Sir George
Back. The Great Bay of Simpson, and the trending of the
land north-east of Cape Hay are so many truths, and
although the trending of the land named Points Ross
and Booth—which I maintain runs N.W. and S.E., and not
East and West as Sir George Back has mapped it—and the
peninsularity of North Somerset, for which I have for twelve
years contended, have to be proved, they are rendered highly
probable by the journey of Dr. Rae.
That I have laboured through this difficult subject for so
many years, and at last successfully, that I have been the first
to show how the great puzzle of three centuries could be un.
ravelled ; and that I have constantly offered for a period of
twelve of thoie years, whenever an opportunity occurred, to
be the means of unravelling it, inspire me with the hope that
I shall at last find justice at the hands of your Lordship, and
that 1 may be allowed to have my place in the great effort
which must be made for the rescue of the one hundred and
thirty-six men who compose the lost expedition.—l have the
honour, &c., RICHARD KING.

TO THE EIGHT HON. EMIL GREY.
17, Saville Row, Dec. 8, 1847.
My Lord, —Since my letter to your Lordship of the 25th of
November, the ifthenceum has published, on high authority,
the effort which the Board of Admiralty has resolved to make
in search of the Polar Sea Expedition under the command of
Sir John Franklin. By that effort the field which I have pro-
posed to your Lordship is by no means rendered unnecessary ;
while it is shown to lrimpoi taut fromthe fact, that if Sir John
Richardson fails in finding the lost expedition along the co•4st of
North America comprised between the Mackenzie and the
Coppermine Rivers, or Wollaston Land, which is opposite to
that coast, he is to search Victoria Laud in tle summer of
1849.

Victoria Laud can as easily be reached from the Great Fish
River as the western land of North Somerset. I can search,
therefore, that locality in the first instance, if it be considered
necessary—especially as it is known that our lost countrymen
will have ceased to exist before Sir John Richardson can make
the proposed search. I see no reason to alter my opinion,
expressed to your Lordship in my letter of the 10th of Juue
last, in these words --" If that land should prove the resting-
place of the Erebus and Terror, it will not be that of the Ex-
pedition. If the party have kept together, they will take to
their boats and make for the western land of North Somerset
—for the double purpose of reaching Barrow Strait in search
of whalers, as Sir John Ross did successfully, and the Great
Fish River Estuary for provisions or letter conveyance to the
Copper Indians, with whom the Esquimaux are now in friendly
relations."

The fact, that all lands which have a western aspect are
generally ice-free—which I dwelt largely upon when the Expe-
dition sailed—must have lead weight with Sir John Frank-
lin ; he will, therefore,
on finding himself in a serious diffi-
culty while pushing along the eastern side of Victoria Land,
at once fall upon the western land of North Somerset as a
refuge ground.

in attempt, but " forlorn in hopo,"—and may
The " effort" by Behring Straits and Banks Laud is praise-
worthywith briefly. In the former effort it is assumed that Sir John
Franklin has made the
"Passage," and that his " arrest is
between the Mackbuzie River and Icy Cape ;" in the latter, that
be dealt
Sir James Clarke Ross will reach Banks Laud, and trace its
continuity to Victoria or Wollaston Land—and thus make the
" Passage."

DR. CULVERWELL ON
I NDI NERVOUSON. NESS, DEBILITY, AND
GESTI
Also, on Urinary Derangements, Constipation, and llremontholds, Is.
each. by Host is 6d.
W HAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
"Abstentia multi curantur morbi "
A popular exposition of the principal causes (over and careless
feeding, &c.) of the above harassing and distressing complaints,
with an equally intelligible and popular exposition of how we should
live to get rid of them ; to which is added, diet tables for every meal
In the day, and full instructions for the redmen and observance of
every hour out of the twenty four. Illustrated by numerous
cases,

In the first place, we have no reason to believe that Sir
John Franklin and Sir James Clarke Ross will be more fortu-
nate than their predecessors have been ; and if we can indulge
such fond hopes, we cannot trust to them. In the second
place, we are unable to assume that Sir James Clarke Ross
will reach Banks Laud. Sir Edward Parry Was unable to
reach it, and merely viewed it from a distance ; much less
are we able to assume that the gallant officer'will find a high
road to Victoria Land, which is altogether a terra incognita.
The main point, then, for consideration is, the effort of Sir
James Clarke Ross along the western land of North Somerset
from his station in Barrow Strait ; for it is that alone which
can supersede the necessity for the plan I have proposed. It
is not in Sir John Richardson's power, it must be borne in
mind, to search the western land of North Somerset. Mr.
Thomas Simpson, who surveyed the arctic coast comprised
between the Coppermine and Castor and Pollux Rivers, has
set that question at rest,—and he is the only authority upon
the subject. " A further exploration," remarks Mr. Simpson
from the most eastern limit of his journey, " would neces-
sarily demand the whole time and energies of another Expe-
dition, having some point of retreat much nearer to the scene
of operations than the Great Bear Lake ; "*—and Great Bear
Lake is to bo the retreat of Sir John Richardson.
What retreat, my Lord, could Mr. Simpson have meant but
Great Slave Lake—the retreat of the land party in search of
Sir John Ross I—and what other road to the unexplored
ground, the western land of North Somerset, could that tra-
veller have had in his mind but the Great Fish River—that
stream which I have pointed out to your Lordship as the ice-
free and the high road to the land where the lost expedition
is likely to be found—to the boundary of that "Passage,"
which, for three and a half centuries, we have in vain been
endeavouring to reach in ships ?
It is generally admitted that Mr. Thomas Simpson was " no
common man." Besides, he was assisted in his memorable
journey by McKay, Sinclair, and Taylor—the bowsman, the
steersman, and the chief middleman and despatch-carrier to
the laud purney in search of Sir John Ross ;—men who, I
can assure your Lordship after three years' experience of their
service, were of no common stamp. Sir J. Richardson cannot
have such assistance—death has done its work !
If Mr. T. Simpson, in the youth of his life, with such assist-
ance, could tot make a greater distance from his winter
quarters on the Great Bear Lake than Castor and Pollux
Rivers - and if that great man, at that distance from his
winter retreat, considered that " any fool-hardy perseverance
could only lead to the loss of the whole party,"t —can more
bo expected of Sir J. Richardson at his period of lire ? It is
physlcally impossible, therefore, that Sir John Richardson
can occupy the field which I have proposed for myself. This
is evidently, then, the question of importance in relation to
my proposal :—Does the atOmpt of Sir James Clarke Ross to
search the western laud of North Somerset in boats, from his
station on the southern shores of Barrow Strait, render that
proposal unnecessary ?
Here, my Lord, facts speak for themselves. let. Bar-
row Strait was ice-bound in 1832 ;—it may be ice-bound
in 1848. 2nd. Sir James Clarke Ross is using the same
means to relieve Sir John Frankin which has led the gallant
officer into his difficuly ; the relief party themselves may,
therefore, become a party in distress. 3rd. The laud that is
made on the south shore of Barrow Strait will be of doubtful
,a -

2
LIGHTS AND SHADES OF MARRIED LIFE.
" He which that bath no wif, I hold him lost,
lielples., and all desolat. Ile that bath no child,
Like sun and winde."—Chaucer.
Subject : Marriage, its expectations and Necessities—Development
of the Affections—Love Matches—Precipitate, impelled, and retarded
Unions— Maritql Incongruities—Mutual Unsuitableness—Mental
Incompatibility and Physical Defectiveness—Advantages of Inter-
marriage— i beery of estatio—ereditary eseblance—Mode o
determining LegitimaGcy. Onn InfeHlicitous, Inßfertilme, and all Unas-
f
similable Alliances—Law of Div orce, &c., &c.
3.
CfiASTITY AND ITS INFRINGEMENTS.
A Lecture is Young Men.
" What passions hint the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
Subject : Life's pilgrimage. from infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions. Chastity and its infringement. The cgs slice of
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and rermdiative. Advocacy of early marriages, &o.
4.

On Secret 'Diseases. their Self-management and Cure.
The GREEN 1100 R.—A comprehensive And popular exposition
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THE ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. HOW TO BE HAPPY.
" Jucande Vivere."`
" Few words to fair faith."—Shakespere.
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Brother, Successor, and Twenty Years Consulting Colleague of the
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.* " Narrative of Disco Very on the North Coast of Ame-
rica," by T. Simpson, Bvo. edit. p. 377.
t Despatch of Mr. T. Simpson to the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany, published in the Times of April 18, 1840.

* Barrow's Arctic Voyages, p. 11.

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character T-tho natural conscquoupo of discovery in ships;

the searching parties at the end of the summer—with the

close of which every soul of the lost Expedition will have pe-
rished, may therefore find they have been coasting an island
many miles distant from the western land of North Somerset,
or navigating a deep bay, as Kotzebue navigated the sound
named after him.

These difficulties have so repeatodly occurred, that your
Lordship will find ample facts in the narratives of the several
Polar Sea Expeditions to testify to the truthfulness of these

remarks. The plan which I have proposed to your Lordship

is to reach the Polar Sea across the continent of America,
and thus to proceed from land known to be continent, where
every footstepis sure. If that plan be laid aside, the lives of our
lost countrymen will depend upon a single throw in the face of

almost certain failure—if the difficulty in which the lost Ex-
pedition is involved is the same which (not to go further back
than 1818) has driven away every officer, including even Parry
himself, who has made the attempt. Further, if that plan
should ultimately prove to have been the right one, it will be
a source of regret that your Lordship will feel most intensely.
It is impossible Lord Stanley can help regretting he did not

set in motion tho service I proposed to him in conjunction
with that of Sir John Frauklin—although in that case it was

simply a question of science, and the awful calamity, which
has in all probability befallen the lost expedition, was merely
a supposition on my part. How much greater, then, will be
the regret of your Lordship if, at the expiration of two years,
it shall be proved that my suppoSition, regarding the relief to

Sir John Franklin—which is a question, not of science, but of
life and death on a great scale--was equally well founded?
To sum up in a few words.—The Board of Admiralty, by
their " effort," virtually declare that the lost expedition can-
not be relieved unless the " Passage" be discovered ; we must
first discover the " Passage," and then seek out the lost expe-
dition. To this declaration, my Lord, I cannot assent; for by
following out my plan I can search all that is known of the
western land of North Somerset—and be sure that every inch
of discovery beyond it is so much good work for the safety of
the lost expedition, and for the furtherance of geographical
and natural historical knowledge. In addition, I can trace
Victoria Laud North with the same results—and yet not dis-
cover the North-west Passage, nor incur the risk of any ex-
traordinary difficulty; while Sir James Clarke Ross, before
he gets a single footing on either of these lands, must have
solved the problem which has baffled all our ingenuity in ships
for a wriod of three and a half centuries.

I trust, therefore, your Lordship will give full consideration
to my offer of service in search of the lost expedition. It is
a .service in which I .can act independently of Sir
James Clarke Ross, and independently of Sir John
Richardson ; and Sir James Clarke Ross and Sir John
Richardson, it is already arranged, are to act independently
of each other. Sir James Clarke Ross's knowledge of Barrow
Strait—Sir John Richardson's knowledge of the Mackenzie and
the Coppermine Rivers—and my knowledge of the Great Fish
River and its estuary, will be so many guarantees that the
work to be done will be done well ; and this state of inde-
pendence will insure a largo amount of " effort," even though
it were merely in a spirit of emulation.
Your Lordship (as Lord How ick) gave the expedition in search
of Sir John Ross your valuable assistance, and if (as Earl Grey)
you will but give the same encouraging assistance to the "effort"
juseareli of Sir John Franklin, and fill up the blank which the
Board of Admiralty have left, the country will have reason to
be satisfied that all that could be done was done for the safety
of the 136 gallant men, who nobly volunteered their services
in spite of the danger and difficulties they were certain to
meet with—merely because they were asked to do so.—•l
have, So.

RICHARD KING.
TO THE RIOHT HON EARL GREY.
17, Savile-row, Dec. 16, IS-17.
My Lord,—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt
of Mr. Hawes's letter of the Sth instant. Mr. Hawes states,
" I am desired by Earl Grey to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter of the 25th ultimo, in which you solicit employ-
ment in connection with the expedition which you state is
about to be sent out in search of Sir John Franklin; and I
am to acquaint you in answer that it does not fall within his
Lordship's province, as Secretary of State for the Colonies, to
confer appointments of this nature, but that you should ad-
dress any application you may desire to make upon the sub-
ject to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty."
I can scarcely express to your Lordship the deep sorrow
which I felt at receiving such an answer—especially at the
eleventh hour : for your lordship has been in possession of

my views of the position of Sir John Franklin's Arctic Expe-
dition, and the means of affording it relief, since last June ;
and, in February, the service I have proposal, if it be

adopted, must be in progress.
Your Lordship is labouring altogether under a misconcop•
tion of the views expressed in that letter. I am not " solicit

ing employment in connection with the expedition which is
about to be cent out in search of Sir John Franklin." lam

endeavouring to induce your Lordship to take iueasures which
I believe to be necessary for saving the lives of 136 of our
fellow-creatures. So far from soliciting employment—so far
from desiring to continue a Polar traveller —I have long
since ceased to be a candidate for such an office,
my services in search of Sir John Ross not having
been even acknowledged by the Colonid and Admiralty
Boards ; and it is only for the sake of humanity that I am
induced to come forward again in such a character. It would

not be in your Lordship's power to make good the loss which
I should sustain in going in search of Sir John Franklin—a
loss which cannot be measured by a money standard ; and,
as for employment, I should have to resign five appointments
of honour and emolument which I hold, together with my
professional practice.
It is not for me to question your Lordship's province as
Secretary of State for the Colonies, but it is for me to consi-
der whether I " should address any application I may desire
to make upon the subject" to the Admiralty Board. The
manner in which that " Board" met my offer to administer
medical relief to the suffering crew of the steamer Eclair, and
the suppression of my name in the return made to the House
of Commons, on the motion of Admiral Dancing, and ordered
to be printed 13th March, 1846, of officers and men who
volunteered to servo on that occasion, and the hostile
feeling which has prevailed at the Admiralty against my views
on Arctic discoveries—all of which have now been proved to
be correct—are sufficient reasons for my not again offering
my services to that Board. Some changes must have taken
place if it does not fall within your Lordship's province to
originate expeditions of the nature which I have suggested,
for Earl Bathurst despatched the overland journeys in com-
mand of Sir John Franklin, and Viscount Goderich the expe-
dition in search of Sir John Ross—so that all the Polar land
journeys have emanated from the Colonial Board.
For the sake of our suffering fellow-countrymen, whose
miseries and hardships I can perhaps above most men con-
ceive and appreciate, I deeply regret your Lordship's deter-
mination.—l have, &c., RIO HARD KING.
TO THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY.
17, Savile-row, February, 1848.
My Lords,—" The old route of Parry, through Lancaster
Sound and Barrow Strait, as far as the last land on its south-
ern shore, and thence in a direct line to Behriug Strait, is the
route ordered to be pursued by- Franklin."*
The gallant officer has thus been despatched to push his ad-
venturous way between Melville Island and Banks Land,
which Sir E. Parry attempted unsuccessfully for two years.
After much toil and hardship, and the best consideration that
great man could give to the subject, he recorded, at the mo-
ment of retreat, in indelible characters, these impressive
thoughts :
" We have been lying near our present station, with au
easterly wind blowing fresh for 36 hours together ; and
although this was considerably off the land, the ice had not
during the whole of that time moved a single yard from the
shore, affording a proof that there was no space in which the
ice was at liberty to move to the westward. The navigation
of this part of the Polar Sea is only to be performed by
watching the occasional openings between the ice and the
shore, and that, therefore, a continuity of land is essential
for this purpose. Such a continuity of land, which was hero
about to fail us, must necessarily bo furnished by the north-
ern coast of America, in whatsoever latitude it may be
found."
Assuming, therefore, Sir J. Franklin has been arrested be.
tween Melville Island and Banks Laud, where Sir E. Parry
was arrested by difficulties which he considered insurmount-
able, and he has followed tho advice of that gallant officer,
and made for the continent of America; ho will have turned
the prows of his vessels south and west, according as Banks
Land trends for Victoria and Wollaston Lands. It is here,
therefore, we may expect to find the expedition wrecked,
whence they will make in their boats for the western land
of North Somerset, if that land should not be too far distant.
In order to save the party from the ordeal of a fourth win.
ter, when starvation must be their lot, I propose to under-
take the boldest journey that has ever been attempted in the
northern regions of America, ono which is justifiable only
from the circumstances. I propose to attempt to reach the
western land of North Somerset, or the eastern portion of
Victoria Laud, as may be deemed advisable, by the close of
the approaching summer ; to accomplish, in fact, in one
summer that which has not been Bono under two.
I rest my hope of success in the performance of this hercu-
lean task upon the fact that I possess au intimate knowledge
of the country and the people through which I shall have to
pass, the health to stand the rigour of the climate, and the
strength to undergo the fatigue of mind and body to which I
must be subjected. It is because I have these requisites,
which I conscientiously believe arc not to he found in another,
that I hope to effect my purpose. A glance at the map of
North America, directed to Behring Strait in the Pacific,
Barrow Strait in the Atlantic, and the land of North Somerset
between them, will make it apparent that, to render assist-
ance to a party situated on that coast, there are two ways by
sea and one by land. Of the two sea-ways, the route by the
Pacific is altogether out of the question ; it is an idea of by-
gone days; while that by the Atlantic is so doubtful of suc-
cess -
that it is merely necessary to put this assistance asid

„,,,
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4-/

'~~ ~,~

J~~~~~

[PRICE SD.

as far from certain, to mention that Sir J. Ross found Barrow
Strait closed in the summer of 1832. T 6 a land journey,
then, alone, we can look for success ; for the failure of a
land journey would be the exception to the rule, while the
failure of a sea expedition would be the rule itself. To the.
western land of North Somerset, where Sir J. Franklin is
likely to be found, the Great Fish River is the direct and
only route; and, although the approach to it is through a
country too poor and too difficult of access to admit of the
transport of provisions, it may be made the medium of com-
munication between the lost expedition and the civilised world,
and guides be thus placed at their disposal to convey them to
tho hunting grounds of the Indians. Without such guides
it is impossible they can reach these hunting grounds. It
was by the Great Fish River I reached. the Polar Sea, while
acting as second officer in search of Sir John Ross. I feel
it my duty, therefore, as one of two officers so peculiarly
circumstanced, to place my views on record as an earnest of
my sincerity. Even if it should bo determined to try and
force provision vessels through Barrow Strait, and scour the
vicinity in boats for the lost expedition, and it should suc-
ceed, it will be satisfactory to know that such a mission as I
have proposed was adopted ; while if these attempts should
fail, and the service under consideration be put aside, it will
be a source of regret that not only tho nation at large will
feel, but the whole civilised world. When this regret is felt
and every soul has perished, such a mission as I have pro-
posed will be urged again and again for adoption; for it is
impossible that the country will rest satisfied until a search
be made for the remains of the lost expedition by a person in
whom the country has confidence.
The fact that all lands which have a western aspect are
generally ice-free, which I dwelt largely upon when Sir J.
Franklin sailed, must have had weight with the gallant offi-
cer; he will, therefore, on finding himself in a serious diffi-
culty, while pushing along the eastern side of Victoria Land,
at once fall upon the western land of North Somerset as a
refuge ground, if ho have the opportunity. The " effort "by
Behring Strait and Banks' Laud is praiseworthy in attempt
but forlorn in hope. In the former "effort" it is assumed that
Sir J. Franklin has made the " Passage," and that his arrest
is between the Mackenzie River and Icy Cape ; in the latter,
that Sir J. Ross will reach Banks Laud and trace its con-
tinuity to Victoria and Wollaston Laud, and thus make the
" Passage." First, we have uo reason to believe Sir J. Frank-
lin and Sir J. Ross will be more fortunate than their prede-
cessors, and we cannot trust to their success. Secondly, wo
are unable to assume that Sir J. Ross will reach Banks
Land ; Sir E. Parry was unable to reach it, and only viewed
it from a distance ; much less are wo able to assume that the
gallant officer will find a high road to Victoria Land which
is altogether a terra incognita.
The main point, then, for consideration, is the effort of Sir
J. Ross along the western land of North Somerset, from his
station in Barrow Strait ; for it is that alone which can super-
sede the plan I have proposed. It is not in Sir J. Richard-
son's power, it must be borne in mind, to search the western
land of North Somerset. Mr. Thomas Simpson, who sur-
veyed the Arctic coast comprised between the Coppermine
and Castor and Pollux Rivers, has sot that question at rest,
and ho is the only authority upon the subject. " A further
exploration," remarks Mr. Thomas Simpson from the eastern
limit of his journey, " would necessarily demand the whole
time and energies of another expedition, having some points
of retreat much nearer to the scene of operations than Great
Bear Lake." •
And Great Bear Lake is to be the retreat of Sir J.
Richardson.

v

-
IdatiOh e! Mir John Tien it ilia bell carat Of ItiitalseuY. ca.,
r.
in search of Sir John Franklin ,
That the route by the Great Fish River will sool!,4
bo undertaken, in search of Sir John Franklin,,P*„
doubt. That high road to the land where I havesll
maintained Sir John Franklin would be found, and iiivl
opinion I am now associated with many others, inclulditiAt Flab"
Edward Parry himself, cannot much longer be neglected.
For some time past it has been the cry, even in the highest ,
official quarters, that the Government will not again atteraPtaii
the discovery of the North-west Passage, and the fate of Sit',,
John Franklin is invariably referred to as an example of the.!
fruitlessness of such an attempt.

The fruitlessness of Sir. Tolin Franklin's attempt OtfetittOf'
entirely to discrellit the service in which be has beeamkgarsdri
but rather to awaken us to the grievous error committed in
the instructions which he received, and upon which-it is im-
possible to look back without the most painful feelings. The
gallant officer was, in fact, instructed to lead a " forlorn
hope." The discovery of the North-west Passage is the GOT..
thin result of so overwhelming a catastrophe.
In the absence of authentic information of the fate of the
gallant band of adventurers, the terra incognita of the North
Coast of North America will not only be traced, but minutely
surveyed, and the solution of the problem of centuries -will
engage the marked attention of the House of Commons asMi
the Legislative Assemblies in other parts of the world. The
problem is very safe in their hands ; so safe, indeed, that I
venture to assert five years will not elapse before itis solved.
I may be allowed to state, in urging my claims to conduct
an expedition down the Great Fish River, whenever such a
service is determined by their Lordships, that, iu addition to
my intimate knowledge of that stream, I persisted, almost.
single-handed, for several years prior to the discovery, in
maintaining the existence of three most important features of
the Northern Coast of North America—the Peninsula of
North Somerset—the Great Bay of Simpson—and Cape Bri-
tannia, all of which are now established geographical facts.
I have the honour to be, &c.,
RICHARD KING.

TO LADY FRANKLIN.

What retreat could Mr. Thomas Simpson have meant but
Great Slave Lake, the retreat of the landy party in search of
Sir J. Ross, to which party I was second officer, but acting
first officer for two-thirds of the period of its activity ? And
what other road to the unexplored ground, the western land
of North Somerset, could that traveller have meant than the
Great Fish River, that magnificent stream which I have
pointed out as the ice-free and high road to the land whore
the lost expedition is likely to bo found, to the boundary of
that "Passage" which for three-and-a-half centuries we have
in vain been endeavouring to roach in ships ?
If Mr. Thomas Simpson, in the youth of his life, with three
of my best and most faithful crew, down the Great Fish
River, in his service—M‘Kay, Sinclair, Taylor—could not
make a greater distance from his winter quarters on the
Great Bear Lake than Castor and Pollux Rivers ; and if that
great man, at that distance fromhis winter retreat, considered
that " any further foolhardy perseverance could only lead to
the loss of the whole party"—can more be expected of Sir J.
Richardson at his period of life ? It is physically impossible
Sir J. Richardson can occupy the field I am proposing for
myself.

This, then, is evidently the question of importance. Does

17, Savile-row, 29th March, 1848.

Madam,—l have just read your offer to the Northern
Whalers for the relief of Sir John Franklin, and as you Ina
perhaps be aware I have taken a great interest
_in the sub•
ject, I hope you will excuse me in saying that your offer is
altogether out of the question. It will not be accepted either
for its value or for its soundness of judgment. You have
been very ill-adrisod.

If you had offered 1,0001. for an expedition down the Great
Fish River, and another 1,0001. for an expedition down-the
Coppermine River, a large portion of the coast line might
have been searched in the summer of 1849, a year in advance
of Sir John Richardson's Expedition ; and if not altogether
in advance of Sir James Clarke Ross's Expedition, at all
events about the same time the gallant officer will be en route
—for as a searching party he leads a " forlorn hope." And if
such an offer had been made a month only ago, the whole coast
line from the Coppermine River to the western land of North
Somerset might have been searched by tho close of this sum
mer (1848).—I have the honour to be, &c.,

RICHARD KING.

the attempt of Sir James Clarke Ross to search the western
land of North Somerset, in boats, from his station in Barrow
Strait, render that proposal unnecessary ? Hero facts will
speak for themselves Barrow Strait was ice-bound in
1832. 2a. Sir James Clarke Ross is using the same means to
relieve Sir J. Franklin which has led that gallant officer into
his difficulty ; the relief party, therefore, may become a party
in distress. 3d. The land that is made on the south shore
of Barrow Strait will be of doubtful character, the natural
consequence of discovery ships ; the searching parties at the
end of the summer, therefore, may find they have been coast-
ing an island many miles distant from the western land of
North Somerset, or navigating a deep bay as Kotzebue navi-
gated the sound named after him, and as Sir J. Franklin
navigated the sea called Melville Sound. These difficulties
have so frequently occurred, that ample facts will be found
iu the narratives of the several Polar Sea Expeditions to tes-
tify to the truthfulness of the remarks.

The plan I have proposed is to reach the Polar Sea across
the continent of America, an 1 thus to proceed from land
known to be continent where every footstep is sure. If that
plan be laid aside, the lives of our lost countrymen will de-
pend upon a single throw, in the face of almost certain failure,
if the difficulty in which the lost expedition is involved is the
same difficulty which, not to go further back than 1818, has
driven away every officer, including even Parry himself, who
has made the attempt.

TO DR. RING, 17, SAVILE-ROW.

It is because Earl Groy informs me, " it does not fall within
his Lordship's province, as Secretary of State for the Colonies,
to confer appointments of this nature, but that I should ad-
dress any application I may desire to make upon the subject
to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty," that I am
induced to offer to your Lordships to go in search of Sir J.
Franklin by the Great Fish River.—l am, &c.,

Admiralty, 3d March, 1848.
Sir,- .In reply to your letters of this day's date, and of the
16th ultimo, offering your services to proceed to the western
land of North Somerset, by the Great Fish River, in search
of the expedition under Captain Sir John Franklin, I am
commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to.
acquaint you that they have no intention of altering their
present arrangements, or of making any others, that will re-
quire your assistance, or force you to make the sacrifices
which you appear to contemplate.
I am, Sir, your most obedient, humble servant,
(Signed) H. G. WARD. ,

TO DR. KING, 17, SAVILE-ROW.
Admiralty, Feb. 28, 1850.

Sir,—Having laid before my Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty your letter of the 18th inst., stating your plan for
affording relief to the expedition under Sir John Franklim, I
am commanded by their Lordships to thank you for the same,
but I am to acquaint you that they must decline the offer of
your services.

I am, Sir, your very bumble servant,
W. B. ELutuirox.

NATURE 01? SIEGE OPERATIONS.

To many of our non-profeisionalleaders, who are not
versed in the various technical military terms now so
generally used in the letters and despatches which art
daily arriving from the seat of war (the more especially
as relate to the preparations for the.siege of Sebastopol),
the following explanations may be of use at the present
moment. To our military readers the terms fascines,
gabions, saucissons, &c., may be as "familiar as house-
hold words." They may not be so, however, with the
great mass of the public, who take so deep an interest in
all matters having reference in any way to the war in
the East.

RICH kILD KING.

The batteries constructed for tl c siege of any place (as

in the case of Sebastopol) are made of fascines, Bantu-
sons, and not unfrequently, in -the alw,,iiesmbe 4,4§,rdopr
rocky ground, with earth. They are-also made with
gabionA, or sand bags.
FaHcines are composed of branches of trees, or brush
wood (whet° they are to he obtained), made up in the
form of faggots, about six feet letir, and eight or ten in.
in diameter, tied together in two or three places. San-
eißsons, which are used for keeping up the earth work
of the battery, are also made of the same Materials ; but
they are from eighteen to twenty feet in length, and are
tied up iu bundles of some fourteen or i.ixteen inches in
diameter. Gabions are cylindrical baskets, without
bottom, from three to four feet high, and the same in
diameter, to be filled with earth. Sand bags, which are
from ten to fifteen itches in diameter, and about two feet
in length, are also to contain earth. Not less than about
1,600 of these are required for the parapet, in the con-
struction of a battery of only two pieces.
The batteries which are used in sieges, to destroy the
defences of a place, are called battering batteries ; the
guns being placed behind a mass of earth (or works com-
posed of gabions and sand bags), about 7 feet high and
20 feet in thickness. Ricochet batteries are of the same
construction as battering batteries their uses being to
enfilade, with guns or howitzers, the faces of the works
of a fortification. What is termed ricochet firing is when
the guns, howitzers, or mortars are loaded with small
charges, anti elevated at an angle of from 3 to 13 de-
grees, so as to throw the shot er shell with several grazes
or bounds, either on land or water.

The weight of cannon (when we hear of such heavy
metal being moved, in the Crimea, up precipices, and
over rugged ground, rendered almost impassable even to
the best appointed arabas,) may surprise many of our
readers. A 42-pounder brass gun weighs 61 cwt.; a light
brass 24-pounder, 24 cwt.; and a 32-pounder iron gun,
55 cwt.
Many persons, when they read of cannon being spiked
to prevent them (when a place is compelled to be eva-
cuated in too great baste to carry off the guns) from be-
ing of any service to an enemy, imagine that it is the
mouth of the piece which is operated upon ; but this is
not so. The method most commonly adopted to render
effective ordnance totally unfit for service is to drive a
nail firmly into the vent (or touch-hole) and then knock
off the head, so that by no means could it be pulled out.
This, even in a battery of 100 guns, is but the work of a
few seconds, the artillery being always provided with
the necessary means to effect this purpose.
Some idea may be formed of the immense weight of
powder required to be carried into the field to serve a
battery, independently of the ball, when it is stated that
for field artillery, in general actions, in the attack and
defence of entrenchments, &c., the charges vary from
one-third to three-eighths of the weight of the shot, ac-
cording to the calibre and weight of the gan. The
larger charge, however, is generally used in the attack
and defence of fortified places. It may be observed that
the quantity of powder used for proving guns is as fol-
lows : From the 3 to the 12-pounder the charge is equal
to the shot's weight ; and from the 18 to the 42-pounder
to three-quarters the weight of the shot. For proving
light brass guns the charge is one-half the shot'a weight;
and for heavy and medium guns it is equal to the shot's
full weight.
mortars
We may add, as regards the weight
of
(of
u Sebs.
game
topel), a 13-inch land servic e b
which several will be employed in theattack
ibro, 88gowte.2 6
cwt., and an iron mortar, of the
Morning A dvertiser.
ass meltar wei h

TO THE SECRETARY OP THE ADMIRALTY.
17, Saville Row, 18th February, 1850.
Sir,—The period having arrived when a search may be
made for the Franklin Expedition by an overland journey
across the continent of America, I am anxious to refer my
Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, for reconsideration,
to my plan, dated February, 1848, and published in a return
to au address of the honourable the House of Commons of the
21st of March following.
The opinion of Captain Sir Edward Parry, published in that
return, was highly favourable to the position I assigned to the
lost expedition—the western land of North Somerset—and to
the mode iu which I proposed to reach it (by the Great Fish
River); but the gallant and intrepid officer, " agreeing thus
far, was compelled to differ with me as to the readiest mode
of reaching that coast, because he felt satisfied that with the
resources of the expedition then equipping under Sir James
C. Ross, the energy, skill, and intelligence of that officer would
render it a matter of no very difficult enterprise to examine
the coast in question with his ships, boats, or travelling

parties."
In the plan to which I am now asking their Lordships' re
consideration, this question, which I premised might be raised,
is thus argued by me :—" Does the attempt of Sir John Ross
to reach the western,laud of North Somerset in boats from his
station in Barrow Strait render that proposal unnecessary ?
(to reach the western land of North Somerset by the Great
Fish River.) Here facts speak for themselves. Ist,
Barrow Strait was ice-bound in 1832; it may therefore be
ice-bound in 1848. 2d, Sir John Bliss is using the same means
to relieve Sir John Franklin which led the gallant officer into
difficulty; the relief party may, therefore, become a party in
distress. 3d, The laud that is made on the south shore of
Barrow Strait will be of doubtful character, the natural conse-
quence of discovery in ships ; the searching party, at the end
of the summer, may therefore find they have been coasting an
island many miles distant from the western land of North
Somerset, or navigating a deep bay, as Kotzebue navigated
the sound named after him, and as Sir John Frank-
lin navigated the sea called Melville Island. The plan
which I have proposed is, to reach the Polar Sea
across the continent of America, and thus to proceed from
land known to be continent, where each footstep
isure.
will
that plan be laid aside, the lives of our lost countrymencertain
depend upon a • single throw, iu the face of almost
failure."
f
Tin 118d4s8only n
odifferencebetween
50,
atn
of its mark. Captain
Sirend. Edwardtß: Parryw
Strait and
was
yisceal
ice-
bound. The single throw fell far shoiriu
g the least succour to
red the painful StliiiejloasmtesexCpleadrkiteiolul:sagn(flailleadmin":uffilTsjcies'Peas remarksP expressed to
neces-
sity of replying to the gallant,
tinhefi,,reti:osr,il:lEit,.,inranpoamrreyashutr:(dlotneeruifos; upon that planplan wolf) iocuhe,
who learnt his lesson in active discovery in an overland
journey iu search of the gallant officer when the whole
civilised world was as anxious for his fate as it is now for the
gallant Sir John Franklin.
All that has been done by way of search since February,
1848, tends to draw attention closer and closer to the west
laud of North Somerset as the position of Sir John Franklin,
and to the the Great Fish River
importance.
mßyivedrelaigshthe high road to reach it,
Such a plan as I proposed to their lordships in 1818 is con-
tlattwboeuinldg bseeletchteedhafprpamiesat
smcoqmucennttlyeof fmtyhebufet_mo(a
long list volunteers
theiLoicsreliefiflolii•ptshewouldallow me
SirJohtnaßgoassbywasmyveerldy
g
route, the Great Fish River, to attempt to save human life a
second time on the shores of the Polar Sea. What I did in

edicine always aggravates chrente
ondizestion), habitual t*
dyspepsia -- -COIIS ipso.
diseases, such 9.8. liver complaints, coneumption bilious, and .
tion, nervous,
Barry's Delicious Revalenta Azabica Fool
*Cure No 180. "
them in a very short time. We extract
invariably Dares
~.0,000
testimonials of cures, which had
a few out t
mimosa, constipation, indigestion, and debility,
• tea all `me( lc . . . .- .
szc[.A,
btritieDaTtlieintin.Nivn.,el-9
Twenty-five
h I had suffered great misery, and which
from .
&eine could remove or relieve, have been diet.
no medicine
tually cured by Du Barry's food in a very short time
_w. B. Reeve, Pool Anthony, Tiverton." Cure No.
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perfectly cured by Du Barry'
' " Treva,ler.
Andrew Frazer, Fladdington, East Lothian." a Arabica.—
Guival, near Penzance. Feb. 20th, 185
, nonzien'euEsi,
of the heart, throb-
nervous debility, violent palpitationiithe left side and back,
liing of the temples, violent pains
of the extremities.
shortness of breath, coughs, numbness
and .
h general
ighteeu years'
cramps,
fearful of falling when oa,
weakness, that I was constantly
beenmoved by Du
have re
tem.
my legs ; all these symptomsAm- Gilbert. In
"nistione
spasms, flatulency, retching, gut,
Barry's excellent Food.—
"uc22l. ;
51b. Ils. 1211'ii,
—llb., 2s. 9d. • 21b., 4s.
‘ fis ; elb., 22e. ; 1 •
fib 68. ; `1" - . est office order.
super-refined, •, r f• eon
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The 101 b. and 121b.,c en,',_ , 77, Begent__a.
suitably packed for all clima6ted's.,Yeand with full in
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