The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-22 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 22, 1854.

- TIIE WAR.

NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.
! The Victory, 104, Captain Hay, flag of Vice-Admiral Sir
Thomas Cochrane, 1C.C.8., exercised her new levies of sea-
men yesterday in great gunnery, cannonading from the
•
lower deck. , - -
The Penelope, 18, piddle-wheel :frigate, Captain Caffin,
was swung yesterday for the adjustment of her cempasies
in Portsmouth harbour; Audis japvf ready for service.
The Gladiator, 6, pzpicY9-,frigater Captain. Broke,
was
officially reported :ready for sea at Portsmouth' yesterday.
•
'afternoon. ).
The Termagant 24, screw=frig,te, is ordered `to be taken
oat -of the steam 'basin On Monday.: and plaCed inl'orts-
mOnth harbour ready for commission.
The Algiers, 91, screiviteawship, was floated out of the.
basin dock at Keyham on ThuisdaY, 'and: towed to the
jetty to ,irei-ve .fore and,Mainyards, :d -to complete
.• •
stores.
It is stated in Dnblin thnt,the Admiralty. are 'withdraw-
ing six men from the crews, of. every -first-class revenue
cruiser, and four from every cruiser` qthe second Class.
The entry of landsmen le for the. present discontinued
at the Royal Naval Rendeivous; Tower-hill,:nntil such
time as those new on board' the receiving shipi are snffi-
ciently disciplined to be ars-lighted to the v'eslieb3 in active
service.
- , ,

„Captain ,Craigie has now enrolled 1,000 of his comple-
meat of 1,500 naen its vocnuteers for the defence of the
east coast. - •

The following appointments hare been made :---
Lieutenant W. A. J. Reath (1f144), at present serving in
the St: Goofg% inthe Doirns, to 'command the Otter,
paddle-wheel steam-repel. 42oraaaissiohed at Woolwich;
Second Masteila., Aliei, -Witte Otter.'

Masters' Assistants.—Luis F. Chevalier, to She Dasliet
steam-vessel; W. J. Grundy, to the Edinbtiigh,oo, screw
steam flng.:ship of Rear.liduilral Henry D. Chads, C.S. ;
Bartle Rowlvidson and HeaLy Lindguist, to the Edin-
Cleiks.—W. S. Freeman (1849), to the Waterloo, 120,
flagship at Sheerness.
Clerks' Assistant--S.- E. C. Sullivan, to the Waterloo.

The first battalion of the Ist Royals, under the command
of Major Montgomery, marched from the Plymouth Citadel
yesterday morning, preceded by their own band and thosa
of thalOth and of theßoyal Marines. The' 'were cheered
heartily by the populace as theypassed through pockyard-
street, the Union-road, and Purnford-street. At the Royal
William Victualling-yard they were received on board the
steam-tugs Confidence and Pike, which took the Wasp and-
Arthur lighters in tow, and conveyed the whole to the
Sound, where the troop were welcomed by the loud hurrahs
of the crews and passengers of the Lady Elgin and Hi4oria
.e migrant. ships, and other vessels lying at anchor, every
arrangement having been previously made by Captain
Smyth, Brigade-Major. The Ist Royals, who were in ex-
cellent health and spirits, were soon berthed on board the
steam transport-ship Andes, which will probably leave
early this morning direct for Gallipoli.
The Melbourne steam-vessel, one of the hired transports,
went down the river on Thursday on her way to Chatham,
to embark the 38th Regiment of Foot at that port for con-
veyance to the East.

The horse transport-ship Mary Ann sailed on Thursday
morning with the second troop of the Bth Hussars for the
Mediterranean.
No. 35 transport sailed from Spitheacl yesterday morning
for. Queenstown.

No. 30 transport went into Portsmouth harbour iester.
day, and is' ordered- to embark a portion of the head-
quarters of the 17th Lancers from the dockyard between 7
and 8 this morning.
Tho St. Vincent, No. 18 horse-and troop transport left
Niroolivich yesterday morning for ner destli*tion.
pia transports; fitting.out,at LiVerpool; Will shortly be-
despaiclied.t6 Dublin - The formation of a local
-• _ •
artillery Corps. has been recommended.by Lord. Palmerston,
and is.talked of with considerable interest by: all edinses;
as a wise step towards the defence of the port.
The embarkation of:the 19th Foot was somewhit delayed
or Thursday,: in -aontrequenee of the Victoria troop-ship re 7 _
maining at Illackwall'withsthe impression that the troop*
,would embark there; the men 'were, however,,barried on
to 'Wooliatich,. arid, afar remaining there some time,
brOught liack to 13-licklall.ancl_ put on bOard:tha Victoria:'
The leaving her moorings, had the misfortune to
get in collision With the screw-steamer Alaria segunda off
Blaekwall-stairs, carrying away her jibboora and a quantity
of running gear. The Victoria sustained no damage, -biA
haS not left Woolwich, as she is short of able- seat-nen. She
has been numbered 72. - • ' -
The blaster-General of the Ordnance has issued instruc-
tions for the different recruiting parties to title every exer
-
tion in obtaining the desired number of_ men to p.lage,the
Royal Artillery in such a state as to' be ready for any con-
tingeney. The hounty is .now increased to 5/. 15s. 6d.,
and the height, between the ages of 17 and 25, reduced to
5 feet 6 inches, collar-makers, .shoeismiths, and wbeelers
being eligible at a much lower standard. -Militiamen are
now allowed to join, this highly-favopred corps?. the pay
,ranging from 12s. Rd. to 11. 9s. 3id. per week. Tailors
who;join this corps are .paid extra for working at their
trade. • -
It is understood that the sth Dragoon Guards, Under the
•command of Brigadier-General the Hon. York Scarlett,
now stationed-in` Ballincollfg, and which some time since
received orders to be in readiness to embark from Cork,
will now .embark from Dublin.
•
About o'clock on Thursday the head-quarters, Of the
89th Regiment left Cork barracks, under the command of
Lientenant-Colonel A. H. Ferryman, and embarked at Pon-
rOse's-quay for the transport Timandra, lying at Queens-
town, in which they are to
_proceed to the seat of war. A
crowd was collected td witness the departure of the men,
who seemed to be in the highest spirits, and - cheered
heartily on leaving the quay; the splendid band of the regi:
merit also 'enlivened the scene by playing several -spirit-
stirring airs. The second division are under orders for the
same destination, as soon as the Gornelsa transport, whiCh
is to convey them, arrives.

DEFENCE OF VARNA BY ADMIRAL DIINDAS'S

MARINES.

By letters dated from the Black Sea fleet off Varna, 4th
inst., we learn that the day previous Admiral Dundas had
made a general signal for a marine officer from each ship
to repair on board the flag-ship, to copy a general order
issued by Lieutenant-Colonel Pratt, commanding, and
approved by the commander-in-chief, stating that it was
hourly expected that it would be necessary that the
Royal Marines of the fleet should be landed for
the protection of the town of Varna, andthat in conse-
quence each man was to be provided with 60 rounds
.of ammunition, the men to be dressed in coatees and fo-
raging-caps, carrying their jackets, a shirt, pair of stock-
ings, boots, &c., in their haversacks; officers to wear blue
frock .coats, takinga shell-jacket and other necessaries
with them. The order on promulgation was received with
great. enthusiasm by officers and men, and the writer
Atates, that all were in the highest state of discipline
ready,- most anxious to oome within reach Of-the Angolans,
adding, "If we manage to cross bayonets with our foes,
there is no doubt we shall be able to give a pretty good
account of them."

served half-pay list, and the lattet taping eligible,,succeeds
tells rank of Rear-Admiral Of-the Blue, and thereby re.
linquishing his Captain's goad service pension:
Retired Captain --John George Aplin (June 28, ins).
being senior to captain Keats, also obtains his promotion
to the rank-of retired rear-admiral. ` • -
Among_ the officers above 'enumerated ns not having.
served the required period of time to render_them eligible
for their active flag rank, is Sir Henry Leeke..—and his
is, if anything, a.harder one "than that of the Eerier Hard:.
.1144*e.. Sir Henry earned thehonout,of knighthood for, hi!
. gallantry, ;:.huthis war. services andlis standing; =hacked
by incessant applications, were insufficient to preenrehira
that additional employment-which avas necessary to cona-
pleCe his tici;.:But the anomaly of the regulation_ that has
=deprived thes.actiVe list-of so many of its best officers is.
still more absurd in Sir Henry Leeke's - His ie now-•
serving at the head' of the Indian -navy;' as its
tendent ; hut, although he has of late years eonathanded: •
at Sea, and in experimental .iionaCtrons too,. }n a alive-
AeCker,' he is, forsoeth,ineligible to be placed. on
,the
active flag list of the Royal navy. - •
The captain, of the-Baltic fleet, Commodore Seymour
(August 5; 1826); is' now the senior captain on de active,
list.
Captains-Joseph Nies.; Sir Philip Broke, Bart, IL D.
Trotter, Sir George ~Back (1835), sad ;William :Hillyer I
(1836), -will come within the seniors`, Hate and Jeaptains
E. E. P. lisinvearingi Y. J. Trowse, C. T.
Fraser, and Peter Christies will co am within the 12s: 6d.
half-pay list.
t:
MILITIA. . '
The (King's Own) ISt Regiment atEtaffordshire Miilitia
assembled at Lichfield on Thursday leitlai 28 days' train-
ing. This, regiment, which had best inder the command
of the late Earl of Dartmotith, 'now commanded by
Lientenant;Colonel the Hon: W.l), Talbot, and musters
upwards of 1,030 Strong. - •
The Ist West York Militia, whim assembled at Ponta.
fract on Wednesday, is about 900 strong, being nearly 140
sherbet' its fall complement 4 the deficiency having been
occasioned, in a gre measure, by enlistments into the
line. The 2d West York will assemble at York ors the Ist
of May. It is expected
.t muster about 1,000 strong.
Forty privates are being trained. at the Militia Barracks by
Captain cobbe so as to be able to -undertake the drilling
of their comrades, in the absence of detachments from,the
army. The 3d West York are new assembled at Doncas-
ter. The number short of the full 'complement has been
found greater than-was at first supposed. Instead of 1,030,
the complete number,• only 771 were found on the roll on
the day after their arrival. This number has, however,
since been increased by 186 new recruits, whilst the volun-
teers to the line since the cotps has been in Doncaster,'at
present.amount only six. safar• as can be, ascertained,
the whole number of those who have left this regiment for
the army does not exceed 50, but several are not in atten-
dance whose absence is not satisfactorily accounted for.
The men now onduty are trained twice a-day on the race-
course, about- a mile and a 'half from the town, and are;
making geed' progress. The men receive regulatioa-rations
of meat and .bread, like the soldiers of the line. The 4th
West "York, at Leeds, is considerably short of its comple-
ment; and cannot assemble for -some months. The sth'
and 6th West York Regiments are in a still more incipient •
state; they, in fact, exist as yet only on paper. -
The Sherwood Rangers, under the command of his Grace
the Duke of Newcastle, will assemble at Newark on Thurs-
day. the 4th of May.
The Regiment of Glocestershire' Militia assembled on
Wednesday for 28 -days' pertianent duty, and yesterday
the Southern division were addressed by their Colonel,'
Earl Fitz'harclinge, at Glocester; in a spirited speech, in
which he alluded to the war. In the course of his remarks
he said that Russia was no more justified in her encroach-
ments on Turkey than any highway robber 'would be in
.attacking_theni on their, return to their homes and robbing
them of what they possessed. • He also remarked that they
were assembled there of their own free will, and, without
Compulsion, and 'that no impressment had been resorted to
in the navy, but that, without anycompulsiOn, our soldiers
and sairors had embarked heart and 'hand in the object of
attempting to put down the usurpation of the Czar;. and
the. finest fleet that ever oiled on Ike ocean, and soldiers
ashrave as any-that ever left the British soil, were. joined
against himi His, Lor4hip then-recommended the nun to
volunteer for_the line, observing that ifordered to the East'
tbeY wwald lie u.nd4ir, the con:in:land of Lord Raglan, thq
fTiend and corn' anion in arms of Wellington, and another
cominander, a-Prince of the 81064, a noble example of disin.
terested loyalty andp6.triotisin;'who, 'resigning the luZuries.
of a palace, seught the fortune Ofiraf abroad in the service
of his Queen and his country. They had'udit a'fine appor.
tnnity of joining Mgt Royal Highness's `regiment, a party
*Emu-commissioned•officers being in Gloucester ready to
enlist them ; and he offered, out of his own purse, fo the
_first 100 man who enliatedin.that or. any other. zesiment-
"of the line 104. each. The .offet. has been accepted bY
many of the men, who now master )00. The strength of
the regiment is 1:077, but a maj9rity. of the absentees have
-enlisted-in-the line. The men, tVongh many of them are_
new to-the servile; tire getting on'very well with thinfdtill.
Schools are about to be opened for -their education in the
evening.

THE PP.E;S.TON
PRESTON, APRIL
.PRESTON, 21.—rnere seems to be some rap-
tery connected with' the week's inpirrne Of the powerloom
Weavers: On gonday, in accordance with the inforina-
tion fernished, we reported that thesubscriptions amount-
ed to about 2,050/. Last night, bowever, on obtaining
the balance-sheet, we found among the receipts the follow-
ing item : , My box is open ; Like yoer,neede-500/."
What this means does not appeal ; but it is reasc"Aatble
to presume'that the amount has been borrowed io,niake
up_ the_ deficiency caused by the withdrawal of the'Stock-
port contributions, &c. Including this 500/,, the ,week's
income reached -2.1601. 16s. 9/d.--about the average'
amount. The total expenditure Wes 2,118/. Ss., leaving
a balanee in hand of 421. 8s: did: The subjoined ad-
dress, which indicates the present foeling of the leaders
of the movement, accomPanieb the 'ralance-sheet
"Friends and Fellow.operatives,—The Conatnittee of
:Preston Lock-out, in preseating you with this report, beg to
return their sincere acknowledgments to all who haye aided •
the cause of Tabour by. their donations during this very pro-
tracted dispute, and, itiso dein,g, beg to impress upon every
working. man and woman the absolute necessity and import-
ance of remaining true to the cause &little longer,. and this ,
'week send in more contributions to meet the increased
tyranny of the oppressors and the wants of the working
people. We regret to have to report the strike of nearly
the whole'of the factory workers of the town of StricicP"st
which calamity has keen brought about by the withdrawal
of Vie 10 per cent.- given to the vorkpeople by the em-
ployers at the end of the recent turn-out in that town. •
Of this strike and its effects we wil not now speak;
_our;,
opinion will be reserved for a future day. One thing is
evident—there are now more people out on strike than can
be supported; unless many more districts can be organised
or increased contributions obtained from those who have
hitherto supported the contest. We cannot ask many of
the districts to do more than they. have done ; they have•
done their duty right nobly. Unless every weaver in
every district can, and will pay 7d. per
_loom, nothing can
be done towards supporting the people. The people of
Preston must be supported; they are not yet defeated, nor
will they be so as long as the operatives stand true to them.
Loolvto Preeton, for Prestonisthe battle field. The people
of Preston, having the first claim on public sympathy and
on the, sympathy. of their fellow-workmen, must not be
neglected while they remain out ; they have at all events
been true to their order, and will for ever deserve well of
the people, whatever may be the result of this long and
severely- contested struggle. If the time is not at hand,
the day of the capitalists' downfall will yet corae, and in
the future the power`of labour shall be triumphant.. Mind
is progressive, union is progressive, geed is progressive;
and as these things go onward evil and wrong must de-
crease, and finally the power, of the people shall be the
most powerful of all poweis. - May the day soon come, and
may all of,us help it on, is the,ruteere wish of those who
will never despair,, of. those who will never cease to agitate,
V until the people get their own."
The report of the Mediation 'Committee has elicited
tha following appeal
" To THE BRITISH PURLIC.
. , _
" Fellow-countrymen,—The time has arrived when I
think it my dnty to place before yoti a true and correct
statement of flicts eounected-with this rinfortousto dispute
that has for 34 weeks been pending inthese districts.
1. -A public meeting of the inhabitants of Preston, on
the 29th of March kit, appointed a Mediation Committee,
for the purpose of endeavouring-0' bring about as arrange-
raent between the employers and the employed. The
Operatives', CoMmlttee submitted to-that committee cer-
tain-proposals whichthey considered reasonable and fair.
".The Committee of the Associated Masters refused the
offer of the Mediation Committee, and, in, reply, says the_
Rate of wages cannot be settled by mediation, but must,
be left to the free operation of supply and demand.'
".We think, after this, that it would bo a waste of words
to enumerate what we have donesince the commencement
of this' struggle- to bring about an arrangement. Our aim
and object has been to be reasonable, just, and honest both
towards ourselves and the country at large
is .Theifw object
tale e
aef
the Masters' Association has been,and still
their public documents as proof of their intentions), to set
at defiance reason, justice, and hateanity, and rely upon a
'fallacious dogma in political ecotoiny.
"2. This is Easter week—a week in which all the ma-
nufacturing districts will have been More or lessi idle, tlnd
consequently will have less wages than ordinary to draw
at the week's end.
"In order to work upon.the feelings of the factory ope-
ratives of Lancashire, and induce them to commit a suicidal
act, by withholding their, support from Preston; the mas-
ters' association and, their einisseries have (luring the last
few days been industriously circulating a report all through
those districts where the principal support comes from
that the operatives of Prestop •areresuming work by hun-
dreds—that we are abandoning the contest.
" Fellow-countrymen, for 34 weeks the operatives of.
Preston have nobly struggled to resist this unjust and un-
holy aggression upon their dell), earningi ; and, though a
few may have siteetenbed to the tyrannical screw which
has been brought to bear upon them, yet the great body
of the operatives are as firm and as determined to persevere
in this straggle as they were at the, commencement.
" Every mean and low artifice that it was possible to
adopt has been used to overthrow labour and
and daughters
cause,
buthitherto in vain. I trust that the sons
of toil will prove that they are equal to the ernergency,--
that, while Preston honourably battles in defence of labour's
right, no triekery on the part of our antagonists will induce
them to withhold their aid and support. - •
" Divide and conquer,' is the tyrants' rule. Let our
motto Still be United we stand, divided we fall,' and sue
eess_will crown our efforts.
" Preston, April 20.

" GEORGE COWELL."

Qmenc.—Advicesi irCiu Quebec describe great a,cti-
vity in Shipbuilding at that port. During the month
of March 36, vessels, of an average capacity of 1,076
tons each, and an estimated aggregate value'of 465,0001.,
were in course of construction.,

AUSTRALIA..

~:

• -

We 'extract the 'following from" a sydney -letter of
January 3 :--The;--ottly‘particular incidents are
the completion :of thesNtivt Constitution Bill 4nidthe
prorogation of the Legishktive Council. The'Colonial
Secretary, .Mr. Dess ThOinpion, and Mr. Weiitwortl
have-been fornially romfmistioned by the house-to lend
their....advoCaey: -to-,the bill its' necessary, passage
;through. Parliament. : Cosiderahlenncertainty prevails:
aa"J to its latein Fogls,rtd,;-, -and the. opposition party c 011.,.
:fidently predict, on the authority of Mr; Robert Lowe,
,that it will be rejected- the Duke 'of Newcaetfe and
On thainthetland, the party in'poiver;
finoluding:. the %Government, -; landed proprietors, and
sguatterst assert that by the tenour- of the despatches,
as"rf as.by inherent 'right, the Legislature .d. the
!colony.. is the -proper authority-to decide upOnib'e form
,of nonetittitiott best: suited to -its`'candition wants, -and
ProfPe-utsq, and the 4oxincij 'bps 4ecided by oterwhelm-,
ing majorities ~Of 'the, eletive-and' nominated members.
Petition 4theriqoirduee I4per House ha4rii been
:adopted:Wall Ole Sriacipal diStrictO of the. colony; but
they not rbeea ao. npnlexoneir signaki 'S.S. was ex-
pected.. .The: aggregate aluouqt, of signatures is not.:
above 7,000,- out. of a population of 200,000, including:
an. electoral- roll of nearly'29;o6of The fact •ie 'that,
Out of-ydney;',the great:bulk of the peoplenre ignorant
and`osaTless of political,ters, and the battle is virtu-
ally between the ", fancied mat aristocracy and the.few busy
and ambitious mid, among the newer class of colonists,
whose-avowed object is tb break down the political su-
premacs of the posiessora of broad acres.

•
' ":One of .the. most -significant 'facts': connected with j
our 'social .conditien, is .the total failure of municipal';
In South Australia the district
..counH
cila -apPear 'tb vrork'srell brit chi Sydney, Melbourne,
and;Hobart Town the corporations have sunk, day. by
4*n-into insignificance and.well-merited Contempt, The
offices of mayor, aldermen,.
and - Councillors have been
filled, jenerally, riten Of the lowest-Calibre of mind,-!,
, and, sometimes•of very questionable respectability ; and
'from the prominence given to theit proceedings in the
columns; :of the; local press, the municipal bodies have
degenerated into mere " talking-ships"—a sort .of step
to "the -Upper Howe," as our Worthy city couneillors
• affeetedtd style the, Legislature Council in reference to
their own body.: In".Sydriey, after a long struggle, , and'
a good deal of very natural-reluctance on the part ofthe
GovernMent to put down a pOPular'institiition, the cor-
poration. has been- abolished by the almost -unanimous
vote ofthe ;Legislature, •ind by the expressed' ppr Wit es-,
'sent of ahnost.every class of the 'citizens.. elbournai
the same result is expected. to- ensue ; and. in Hobarti
Town the pteis has. commenced writing down the. Muni-
'Sydney'is novi Under the govetnnierft ofa paid
•Commisskmi who, are.empowered, by special legislatire
enactment, to impose taxes and rates en. the 'citizens.
We have nevi some hopes of getting George-street paved,.
and Cook-Ward .Ifg4ted; and the great -deilderata-7-Al
proper system of sewerage and a Sufficie,nt supply of water,
—are •no longer included in- the.'catOgoi'y _of iinPoissi-1
bilities.-, . , • - •
• -The intellig•ence brought.7ey the Harbinger
,of the' de-!
'elaratiOn of war by Turkey his Created a strong im-
-pressihn. coupled with the rather unsatisfaCtOry state of
our markets, this' news is looked .upon as. earioiisits a;
, commercial point of view. At Melbourne fears are en-,
tertained of the long predicted ", crisis ;",- and :our. Inte--
rests are 66 hailed up with those of the southern colony,]
that Sydney. must, to- a- large 'extent, be involved in its!
disasters. . Our position is undoubtedly much sonnder,
and we are better prepared,to,meet the difficaltiesthat•
are in store ; but there is considerableanxiety. The
produce of our gold-fields has diminiahed '-to 'the extent
-of nearly one-half, as-compared • with' the -roiulta of last
' pear ;-'and in Victoria the falling eff is very. .coesiderable
also. The reduction of the license fee from 30s: to 1.05.,
which -alteration commenced on the 'lSt of ' Octoher was,
followed bran- iinmediate increaSein the licenseS- issued ;
and it is confidently anticipated, that the reffins.for No-
vember tieoeinber will- sho'w further increase: The
present:quotation -for- gold'- is-775.- to -71 s. rfl." for -Vic-
toria, and-.7ssvforNew'Sonth Wales; 'The toial'aoßinnt,
•-srif• the preciOnt,nlilitat: extorted front -Sydney to the pre.
sent time is-1,815,455; Valnedat
Discounts hive been at 2 and 3 per -cent: besktnie weeke
'past ;,but it is expected that,--the vabianf nibiltiy will rise,
The Crown
.land sales
.to the 10th November: have
-amounted to 131,4181: This is lint a beggarly account,
•torepared-witkihe sales in South Anstralia, •vrbich, it is
stated,- will amount to-800,0001. for theyear.• . Apropos.
Of SiinthAnstiralla,-Capt Gadell ieactivelypursuing his
-plans for establishing a -regular line of• steamers and
barges to navigate the waters of the' Murray, which pro-
quiserxicilieottine a high Way fOr a "considerable pertion
of the internal cortitheree:Ofthe continent: In; his recent
despatches to the-Pukivof Nevicastle, Sir Henry Young,
the,Lient.*overnor of South- kistralia, indulges in,.
very sanguine- atiticipatiOns 'of 'the future importatee of
Adelaide as the natural' 'pit- of landing kir immigrants
Wending to pettle in the, country districts of Nme,..,
South 'Wales and. Victoria. His Excellency's inticipa-
. _tions are,. perhaps, a little premature ; but a 'glance-at
• the map will satisfyiyou that the Murray, the Nile of
:Australia,. is: destined to play a great part in-the Aus=
tralian drama. The climate-of 'the interior is described
as beautiful,:land soil is generally of -excellent - qua-
lity... The river and its tributaries abound 'in fish, and
millions of wild fowl await:the' Aportsman's gone. The
natives-of the basin. of the • Murray are generally do.-
cile and tractable, and are employed in considerable num- •
:bars, as,shepherds;.-2by the squatters -in those districts.
..Our railway': prospects are more encouraging than
. .they. were: Some,difficultyhas been experienced with the
newly-arrived navvies, owing to thereprese'ntations made
to them by crimps on their landing ; but desertions from
covenanted engagements have been promptly and severely
punished by our courts, and the recent Water PoliceAet
provides-stringent penalties for crimping.• Navvies, how-
ever, are very well off here; and liberal wages, from 9s.
t 0.1054 a day, have been freely given by the company to
.coranum labourers. Mr.-Wallace, the chief -engineer, still
.confidently speaks. of opening the line to Partamatta at
.the end of Una:year. • I' give him-18 months at least.
Masons -employed on the line: are earning from 255. to
2Ss. a day. Some of these'are persons who arrived here
under contract to:serve the company for ss. a day ; but
it has been found . impossible to 'enforcecontractS, and
the directors have wisely relaxed the stringency of the
engagements, and paid the current rates of *ages. ..The
seurvey for -the Hunter River line frOm- l‘tewcastle to,
'Maitland is in progress. Mr. Wallace has been:charted
with the undertaking. He reports most faveurably on '
the nature of the country.. . The line will traverse an al-
most uninterrupted coal -field of 'great extent and depth
0f..-searn. There' are ale& sonic magnificent stone quar-
ries,_ the material of which will be avairable for the large
improvements now being' effected 'in the harbour' of
Newcastle.. Real property in Sydney has • been- rising
continuously, , The abundance Of ' mohey, and -a spirit •
Of land-jobbing, have` canbined to raise the prides of-
building allotments to 'an • extravagant figure, and it is
:not.likely that any reaction will 'occur here at • present.
Rents continue high,, but I believe there is more dispo-,
• sitioii on the part of landlords to grant Teases Of three,.
five; or Seven • years,. to -tenants of 'establiehed respecta-
bility, .on something' less - than .'tuitions- terms: Thus,.
business premises, Which lad year might be-had for say
.4001.,. and cannot now be obtainedby strangers for less
than 8001., are let to old- tenants-at 6.001:, for •a term ;
-and at this rate still' yield enorinbus-interest for money.
.Building proceeds .sloWly, but steadily, and is generally
of 'a substantial 'character, not*ithstanding • the high
wages` (11. to, .30s, a day) paid to skilled labeurers. •
The demand for labout is incessant, -nor can' any limit
be,-placed. upon, the nember of artisans, • mechanics,
navvies; and people otthat sort, that we can employ,
:and, enrich. ,The 'prosperity of the labouring classes
:leads,- to' several evils; but rnos6 of these will cure
, themselves.- The vice -of -drunkenness is the most for-
midable and the 'most difficult to grapple with. In
Victoria it : has come: to such a pitch that a league
has been formed :with the avowed object of procur-
ing. a law'. prohibiting the • sale and manufacture of
• all intoxicating liquors=--a • Maine liquor- law, 10
other .ivorda. -There is not the remotest chance of ,
success' in such •a Quixotic -attempt; it - has
.already.led to a more serious consideration Of the efibject
.and may effect. Seine. good indirectly. . Appeals -have
been made to theGovernanent to' put down the public'.
- houses, but the Government knows too well that any
direct interference would lead to smuggling, sly grog
selling, and probably to bloOdehed, and they wash their
hands of 'the matter, reaping
.meanwhile an- enormous
revenue- from customs duties, upon spirits. 'We want a
• -Father Matthew here. " - •

SYDNEY, Jat. 10.—On 'Sunday evening
,we received
by way of MelbOurne the ,intelligence brought by the
Australian to the 15th' Octeber. The impending war in
Europe is tlie theme of general conversation, and
great ' anxiety is felt lest the colonies may be in-
volved.in hostilities. The Melbourne press is clamour-
ing loudly for the formation of militia corps, and the
Argus especially gives way to all sorts of gloomy Antici-
pations of rapine and murder on the part of the French
or Russians'. 'The presi 'of New South Wales is
more 'guarded and more moderate ; but it begins
to express the general felling that, some' precaution-
ary measure should be taken in vievi, of a possible
coup de main, 'either by' American priyateering expe-
ditions, or by,- a legitimate descente of a French
squadron. Few of the colonists' of New South
Wales are sufficiently acquainted with European
politics to discern very clearly the signs of the
times ; but it is patent to everybody who bestows
any attention on passing events,. that in the event
of war the English and French alliance is 'in great dan-
ger of being broken up ; and we look with jealous sus-
picion upon the movements of the French squadron in
the Pacific. It is said that if the overland" November
mail, now nearly due, should bring a confirmation of the
warlike newe, the Legislative Council will bp summoned
again, with the view of getting a measure passed' to
authorise the levy of a volunteer corps. The Govern-
ment are prepared `to carry such a measure into effect,
immediately, and the pluck and patriotism of; the colo-
nists in ay` lie fully relied on. It is, however, confideritlf
anticipated' that •the British 'Governinent will lose no
time in strengthening the 'naval force in these seas.
-The'Sydney Moking Ferdidy in its rnop.eyaripi let
publishes this morning an account of the 'revenue for
1853, the materials of which were specially furnished for
the Harbinger's departure. The total receipts of the
general revenue ~,ry 569,8541. se. 6d., exclusive of epe-

, -

[PRICE 5D,..

cial accounts, -Showing 'an tactual: itiere4o; or 20.Pf4191.,
the- revenue qt 2. The territorial. revende.
amounted to 50,9361. Q. 44., also exclusive of special
redeipts. The inererise'oii the whole revenue, general_
and:territorial, is' 301,6021. Os. ; • •
The -Sydney banks have raised their rates—of ilia-.
count 4 per cent. for bills •at three monthe) Rua
under, . 6 per. cent. fpr'. four months Ana under,
above four months 6: per Cent: , ;;.few ;seeks ego
discounts' weree-ohtacriable a521;.'8",-=quid 4 per emit?
• owing tolhe Oonipetition, betwcien the serer ;es
Menta. -The den.gerous tendency .pf.-thkive,mPgtitiml
Iffag._49l4 pointed put by the press, and the conduct of
toe,•l4ulEe:-,seierely commented Itis telievecr*at
articled -liefead. lad olittl6:frtiliktOce;
coupled with the unsatisfactory -news from EurppeLi4l
bringingAbont-a-Aore- healthy state .if things.
Trade *firy#l2o depr_easirl,atid,a4oCkSOlretlierpAro
but in other rrapliets tli.p.esept orilie'colony
it highly satisfacteti. here is little exbiternent left
-the fortune-making of last -year not. be .zeprcki
uced::~,Some le,stasordiesrY laud and stock ttanato4olls
jiw..reeently *en planet:4lr. Weetvroftbi ,Prnnl,NerY.
to his departure for tngland sold..on'tbe
Marraralildge to several parties herea ter "8t0001:
ihree!Mon'ths'age. ' r •credibly: informed that;thair
laia been resold for nearly, douhle,the Oulu.
Ope or two dour lucky men, who have clpareL large
sums (1404 the last two years,- iiii76-•h6nourably paid
from the panic-anti in-
in full their 'remainingaolVene'y of 1843. Among these; Mr: Altlernia?..Wil-
shire,and ;Mr. George Alfred •Lloyd,..wbosednatne sr9l
known in England as the writer of the, gol
is td' be
in
the Sydney Herald, Stand CongpicuouS: , It'
fretted- that others who have-not been !ass fortunate
e havnot foll•wed se bright an example. .
The total shipping, entered
,inwards at Port
during the past year? has, been as fellows ,
Ships, 980 ;
tonnage, .316,879 paSbengeri, 31,437. Outwards
ships, 866 ; tennage, 298,728 ; 'passenger's 1?.086::
These.figurea. are compiled by the ii!eral4 but .in
_othereolumn it represents ths,w.-..-cesi arrivals rdt
,partares. as 18,916. In round numbers, say 20,000,
may be set downsai the accession to our population this
year. _ •

Among the items of intelligence'. collaterally interest*
ing is the fact that the Bing of the Hawaiian Islands,
Kamehameha, 111., his appointed Charles Bt.
Esq.; of this city, his commissioner and political and com-
mercial agent to the-King's chiefs_and- rulers of all:the
"islands of the Pacific not under European sovereignty or
proteetion. lam not aware of the precise or ultimate. ob-
ject of the appointment ; but the ostensible aim is to ob-
tain inforrnations and :open up communications .be-
tween the kingdom of Hawaii and the kindred states.
.The. sulpjrt ,is one of considerable. interest, and th
development of commercial intercourse between us and
California, and, the, establishment of the Panama line la
-steam communication, renders eiery Movement in th
Pacific of great importanbe. _ • - ;