The Sun.
London, England, 1854-05-10 00:00:00

PERU.

In Government matters, nothing of much im-
port has occurred since the retreat of Gen. Torrico
from Arequipa. That was an unfortunate alifair for
Government, for to say nothing of 1,200 horses
killed by order of General Torrico, to prevent their
being taken by the enemy—by that retreat the
revolutionists were left complete masters of the
southern part of the country.
The revolutionist; have taken Islay, and removed
the custom-house, archives, &c., to Arequipa.
The Herald says that a body' of the battalones
nacionales of Puno and Cuzco, when on their way
to attack General Castilla, revolted and returned
to Lampa in great disorder, losing half their

force.
The same paper also says that General Castilla,
while on his march to Chuquibamba, was unable
to pass the river Mages, defended by 400 national
troops, under command of Commandante Gomez
Florez.
The deaths for the month ending 15th March
in the hospital of San Andreas show an abatement
of the yellow fever from the preceding month.
THE AMAZON GOLD MINES.—The English ship
Launceston, Captain Betts, arrived in the port of
Callao on the 18th instant, in the remarkably short
space of 30 days, as reported at the Custom-house,
from Launceston Heads. The Launceston brought
183 passengers, most of whom are bound for the
mines on the Amazon. They report that great ex-
citement exists in Australia regarding these mines.
The Launceston's passenger list was filled in less
than twenty-four hours after being advertised. The
steamer of to-morrow will carry a large number of
passengers to Huanchako, where they will debark
for the mines, via Chachapoyas, Moyobamba,
&c. We have endeavoured to learn the exact
number who intend leaving, but have ben unsuc-
cessful. About seventy, however, engaged passage
on Tuesday last, and we suppose the number has
increased since then to near one hundred. From
reports of passengers by the Launceston, we shall
have an immense emigration to this country from
Australia within the next three or four months.
The stories of "twenty-five pound lumps" found
on the Amazon have had a similar effect in Aus-
tralia to the first news received in the United
States of the discovery of gold in California. It is
difficult to judge correctly, from so many different
reports, the probable number who will soon arrive
here. Some say s,ooo—others, 80,000, but we
imagine the former to be nearer the mark. Many
of them will no doubt be greatly disappointed.
They will arrive here expecting, at least, to find a
good road-opened to the reported mines. But in
place of that they will learn—so little interest is
here taken in the matter—that not a single river
has been bridged, not a single mountain trail been
improved.—Linut News, March 25.
NAVIGATION OF THE AMAZON.—A correspondence
relative to the free navigation of the Amazon has
recently taken place between the English Charge
d'Affaires to this country and the Peruvian Mini-
ster of Foreign Affairs. The English Minister re-
ceives a similar answer to that given to Mr. Clay :
that the treaty between Brazil and Peru gives the
former Government privileges and advantages in
the waters of Peru not allowed to any other na-
tion. Such answer was to have been expected,
though it is well known that the Government of
Peru earnestly desires the free navigation of that
river. There never was a more forcible illustration
of the " dog and manger" fable than this same
question presents. Brazil, holding the key of the
finest country in the world, declines opening the
gate herself, and is not disposed to allow the privi-
lege to others. But at this day such churlishness
will not be tolerated. Brazil can boast of little
strength, and in a case like this, " might makes
right."