The Sun.
London, England, 1854-06-22 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE 22, 1354.

inrisimummin

If matters go on at the seat of war as they
have been going on there recently, little enough
will be left, by the Turks and Egyptians, to be
accomplished by the British and French auxiliaries.
Alone—the soldiers of the SULTAN have been en-
abled, thanks to their own " pluck," and the good
generalship of their Commander-in-Chief, alone
they have been enabled to withstand the enormous
pressure of the vast military armaments directed
against them by the imperious will of the AIITOGRA.T.
Turkey hasnot, of course, been enabled to prevent
the passage of the Pruth or the Danube by her
Russian antagonists. Au advantage of that kind
could not well have been gained by the troops
despatched by the Sublime Porte for the defence
of its isolated frontiers. It was so to speak a
political and geographical impossibility. The
natural barrier of the Turkish Empire, or rather
what is at once its head and heart—the capital
of its European dominions—being obviously no
other than the mighty range of the Balkan Moun-
tains. Wherefore the passage of the Pruth, and
even the passage of the Danube, became from this
point of view a matter of really secondary
consideration. Beyond the channel of the two
rivers, after having traversed Moldavia and Wal-
lachia,. and a considerable portion also of Bulga-
ria, the invader would have to encounter the
valiant troops of OM ER PAULA at bay, as it were,
in their final fastnesses. This was remembered
by the Ottoman Government with a sense now of
consolation and now of encouragement. It was
not forgotten, we may be sure, by the haughty
councils of St. Petersburg—borne in recollection,
too, without doubt, and this may be with feelings
of dread, or, at any rate, of some not inconsider-
able solicitude, by the Leaders of the advancing
Museovites—first of all by Prince GORTSCHAKOFF,
and afterwards by Prince PASKIRWITCH. How-
eYer this may have been there, every intelligent
observer of the war all along has felt, there, in
the rear of the whole line of the Turkish army,
has stood, rooted in the eternal hills, in the
deedal bases of the Balkan range the last resource
of the Ottoman armaments,
scukp
even if pressed hard
by the numerically superior forces of their assail-
ants, if driven ta
to retain their position spite of every effort
along the right bank
of the Danube, until
assisted at length,
after a series of deplorable
in their supreme hour of extremity by
delays and
the tard
appearance on the scene of y
awaited
contest of the long-
AD glo- contingent. A French
recollec-
tion of all this we cannot but think, mu't have
carried solace to the heroic heart and prescient
judgment of 03f ER PACHA, at moments when
the advent of aid from the West may have ap_
peared most remote, and when at the same time
the accumulation of dangers from the side of
the Northern foe appeared most imminent
and threatening. Consoled and inspirited by
these reflections, no less than by a knowledge
of the justice of their own cause,
the Turks have
contrived hitherto to their own credit,
and even
to the glory of their arms, to bear the brunt of
the unequal contest, unassisted except by the
troops of their Egyptian auxiliaries. So that
even by the dawn of the summer of 1854 they
have not found it necessary to withdraw their
line of defence to that afforded them by Nature
in the gorges and acclivities of the Balkan moun-
tains. SO that their Own good swords, and
their own brawny arms, and their own pa-
triotic combination of daring and endurance,
and not merely a range of scarcely-accessible
fortifications, have constituted up to this present
month of June the shield from Russian rapacity
of Adrianople, and beyond that of Constantinople.
Not merely so—but actually it has come to pass

--
after all the blustering of the Muscovite army and
of the Muscovite Government, that the gallant
stand taken by the forces of OMER PACHA, first
of all before Kalafat and after that before
Schumla, has driven the enormous army of
Russia before the arrival of the French
or of the English —to the unavoidable
necessity of a retrogressive movement. Scarcely
credible though it may appear—considering the
disproportion of the forces under OMER PACHA
and those under Prince PASKIEWITOH—it has so
happened nevertheless. When the Turkish arma-
ment was for the most part collected together at
Kalafat—its reputation was enhanced by the san-
guinary triumph won over the Russians at Citate.
were subsequently established
When the head-quarters of the ottoman Com-
mander-in-Chiefschui
athe prowess of the
seen unwillingly acknowledged
this within the last few
raising of the protracted
Silistria. at
Osmanli we have
by the foe, and
days, by the reluctant
but fruitless siege of

Recollect the magnitude of the Russian army,
and the successes hitherto attained by the
Turkish forces under OMER PASHA will appear
in a manner but little short of the almost miracu-
lous.

r According to the most reliable calculations,
the grand total of the fighting men at the disposal
of the AUTOCRAT amounts to between 600,000 and
700,000 fighting men—the real effective strength of
the Russian army being estimated at some 625,000
men in the aggregate. This gigantic force com-
prises-485,000 bayonets in the grasp of the
infantry, 91,000 sabres in that of the cavalry,
and a proportionate array of ordnance under the
artillery. An empire as vast as Russia, and con-
taining upwards of 60,000,000 as its popula-
tion, must be supposed at once, of course, to have
its army of 625,000 men (reduced in peace to
500,000, and capable of being extended in periods
of extremity during war to a total of 870,000, or
nearly 900,000 altogether) to have this army of
625,000 men, very widely distributed. A sup-
position borne out, of course, by undoubted facts-
-345,000 being alone, out of this immense multi-
tude, -numbered under the head of Active or Mov-
able—the remaining 280,000 being set aside,
140,000 as a Reserve, or for garrison purposes,
and the other 140,000 as Provincial or Stationary.
The last-mentioned class being devoted, of course;
to the preservation of order in the more remote
provinces-10,000 in Finland, 15,000 in Oren-
burg, 20,000 in Silistria, and 95,000 in the
Caucasus. As to the active movable army of
345,000—of these 246,000 are distributed in
44,000 guards, 33,000 grena-
six corps, leaving
diem, and 22,000 as the reserve of cavalry. A
glance at any military map brought down to a
recent date, and deriving its authority from reli-
able statistics,* will enable any one to compre-
hend very readily the capacity possessed by the
CZAR, to direct an apparently overwhelming
force, out of this grand total of his armies, upon
the European and Asiatic Frontiers of the SUL-
TAN'S dominion. This capacity the Emperor
NICHOLAS has not been slow to avail himself of,
during the past twelve months especially, and
yet—Europe has seen how the devoted ranks of
the Turkish army have worsted all his plans, have
repelled all his attacks, have withstood all
the boasted generalship of GORTSCHAKOFF
and PASKIEWITCH, have compelled the Rus-
sian forces to evacuate Lesser Wallachia, to
raise the siege of Silistria, and to beat a
hasty retreat from the majority of the fortresses
in Circassia. Are not these gallant Turks worthy
of receiving aid from France and England ? Will
it not be a burning shame to the Western Allies
of the Porte if there be any further delay in the
long-promised movement, which is to bring at last
to the field of battle—to the timely assistance of
Turkey, and to the final discomfiture of Russia—
the heroic bands of the Anglo-French con-
tingent ?

* A map precisely of this character has just been
issued under the subjoined title—a map clearly defined
and brilliantly coloured, and entitled, by its various
merits, to extended popularity : " Stanford's War Map of
Russia, showing the Distribution and Military Organisa-
tion of the Empire, with descriptive Letterpress." Bvo.
pp. 5. London : Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross,
1854.

The smoke nuisance is really to be abolished,
so far, at least, as the metropolis is concerned.
The enactments which last session received the
legislative sanction are to be strictly enforced, and
owners of furnaces who fondly imagined that the
matter would be suffered to end—as it began—in
smoke, will speedily find to their cost that they
have reckoned without their host. On this mat-
ter, at least, Lord ABERDEEN spoke clearly and
explicitly. He stated the number of furnaces to
which the Act was applicable was 8,802. This
was the return made by the Police Commissioners,
who are now printing notices to be served on the
proprietors or parties responsible, specifying the
provisions of tho law, and requiring that imme-
diate steps should be taken to prevent any viola-
tion thereof.

It -may appear strange that so many per-
sons should have so long neglected that which
would not only be exceedingly advantageous
to the community in general, but also a
source of considerable pecuniary saving to them-
selves. It required not the decisive and unanswer-
able statement of the Earl of SHAFTESBURY to
the effect that " he had collected evidence from
all parts of the country with relation to the
question, and the invariable testimony was that the
consumption of smoke might be accomplished at a
very slight expense, and with a saving of fuel to
the extent of 10, 20, and sometimes as much as 25,
per cent. The same fact has been long since
established by the experience of Messrs. TRUMAN ,
HANBURY, and BUXTON, who find that during
many years they have, for an outlay of 3,0001.,
succeeded in saving 2,000/. per annum, or a con-
sumption of 6,000 tons of coals; or, in other
words, about 33 per cent., or one-third of the
first cost price of the fuel, and 66 2-3 d per cent.
on the original outlay, which was completely re-
imbursed in the short space of eighteen months.
So far as to the pecuniary results, which should
satisfy the most covetous party, even if there
were no public objects to be achieved. In the
latter point of view they are even more remark-
able. It is found in that gigantic establishment
that the smoke is completely got rid of, and that
the weavers of the vicinity are enabled to manu-
facture their fine fabrics without annoyance or
injury. The City Surveyor, in his Report to the I
Board of Aldermen, corroborated this part of the
case, declaring, in the most unequivocal terms, its
complete efficiency.
Why, then, should there be any hesitation in
stringently enforcing the salutary provisions of the
law ; nay, more, in extending these provisions, so
that they should be applicable, not merely to the
metropolitan districts, but to the entire kingdom.
It would be a boon even to the proprietors of fur-
naces themselves to do so. So long as the matter
remains optional, they will behold with apathy
and indifference valuable combustible material
wasted in polluting the atmosphere. In seeing
that which, when properly applied, would be
worth hundreds of pounds sterling to themselves,
doing thousands of pounds worth of damage to
the property, and an incalculable amount of injury
to the health, and even to the lives of their neigh-
bours. If the maxim of law be well founded,
that each man is bound ^" sic utere suo ut alie-
2:hUttn: ru'hert-shicPaldlatn"o--t
isnojutroe usaneotihieisr onawanresp,rosupreerltyy
the combustion of smoke should be enforced,
not in one town or district only, but in
every locality throughout
the length and breadth
of the land, and that, although the sanitary and
cleanly movement should be attended with con-
siderable expense. When, then, it can be done,
not only without expense, but wi •
th a very de-
cided saving, it is the more imperative iu the
I
Legislature to lose no time in passing that which
might, in every sense of the word, be designated.
measure.
a wholesome
would be the absolute
The only excuse
impos-
sibility of the achievement. What one man has
done, however, another . may accomplish ; and
triumphant success that has
when we hear of the
attended the experiments of Messrs. TRUMAN,
HANBURY, and BUXTo we must remain
..v,
those who choose to
in-
different to the protests of

remain perversely sceptical, obstinately rejecting
the testimony of their own senses—" who have
eyes and see not, who have ears and hear not,
neither do they understand." What is daily per-
formed in Whitechapel, or Spitalfie]ds, or Sydeu-
ham, may also be done in Yorkshire, or Lan-
cashire, or Derbyshire. What TRUMAN and. Co.,
PALMER and Co., the Mint, the Crystal Palace,
and many other great establishments easily
achieve, cannot be regarded as impossible.
If not impossible, then, why should not the
statute be made universally applicable ? It is but
a poor compliment to her MAJESTY'S liege sub-
jects in the Duchy, or the West Riding, to say
that their health and property are not worth pre-
serving. The BOUNDBRBYS may protest against
any interference ; but we do not believe that
intelligent, clear-headed men—such as we believe
the immense majority of the millowners, and of
all who would be affected by the Act, to be—
would continue their opposition, when they found
that they could comply with the requisition of the
law not only without difficulty, but with profit to
themselves. Let Parliament, then, show that it
is really in earnest, and all opposition will cease.
Men will not believe that such is the case, so long
as the legislation is exceptional, and only applies
to one part of the kingdom. If in London and
the surrounding districts there are 8,802 furnaces
to which the Act is applicable, there must be several
hundreds of thousands throughout the entire coun-
try; and as the Marquisof LANSDOWNE declared on
Monday evening, " it now remains for Parliament
to prove their perseverance by assenting to any
further provisions for literally carrying out the
objects of the framers of the Bill."

Mr. SCHOLEFIELD, as Mr. SIDNEY HERBERT
confessed, did no more on Monday night than ask
the House of Commons to be consistent, when he
proposed to reduce the salaries of the gaol chap-
lains belonging to the Established Church by the
sum of 1001. The Honourable House had reduced
the Government proposition by five times that
amount for the services of Roman Catholic Chap-
lains-L.-had reduced it to nothing, in fact—and it
was but mere decency that if Catholic priests were
to attend prisoners for nothing, Anglican priests
should attend them on as cheap terms as possible.
Not so, however, thought the house, and Mr.
SCHOLEFIELD was actually left in a minority of
about one-tenth of the house. He took the oppor-
tunity of glorying in his former success, and
doubtless considers himself as the guardian angel
of Protestantism,—nay, we should not be sur-
prised if a Lord Mayor should propose to erect
a statue in his lifetime to his honour. He
must, however, if his Protestantism has not
overpowered his better humanity, have been
ashamed to hear Catholic members declaring
that they would not, retaliate by supporting the
amendment, and depriving Protestant prisoners
of the spiritual attentions of Protestant clergy-
men. To this refusal to return evil for evil, Mr.
SPOONER owed what may be called in some sense
his second and overwhelming majority. Mr.
SCHOLEFIELD'S object was, of course, attained by a
cross debate, which exposed the illogical and illi-
beral result of the former one. He did not pro-
bably even wish to save a paltry 1001., or to
mulct a single gaol chaplain. A word, however,
to the clergy of our own Church. We do not
wish a clergyman, more than any one else, to work
for nothing; but we have known cases of clergymen
refusing.to do duty in workhouses and gaols where
the labour was trivial, and which ministers of
other denominations were quite ready to undertake
gratuitously. Roman Catholic priests have never
to the best of our knowledge declined any oppor-
tunities offered them in this line, and we are
strongly of opinion that, as a general rule, no
clergyman, and no bench of magistrates or House
of Commons on his behalf, should hazard the
charge of mercenary motives being brought against
a religious teacher. We exceedingly dislike the
tendency of these debates ; it is undoubtedly to
foster very undesirable views of the clerical chara::-
ter. The public out of doors are not only dis-
gusted with the illiberality which refuses State pay
to every sect but one, but it is also very apt to
draw disadvantageous comparisons between the
clergy who patiently continue their ministrations,
although refuses' a single penny, and those
whose advocates claim for them the very utter-
most farthing.

The Earl of Aberdeen has given the valuable rectory
of Warrington, Lancashire, vacant by the preferment of
the Hon. and Rev. H. Powys to the see of Sodor and
Man, to the Rev. William Quekett, M.A., incumbent
of Christ Church, Watuey-street, St. George's-in-the-
East, London.

The Marquis of Landsdowne will give a grand concert
of vocal and instrumental music on Monday next, at
Landsdowne House, in which the principal artistes of
the Royal Italian Opera will assist.
The Duke of Portland is expected to leave Harcourt
House early in the ensuing week, for Wellick Abbey.
Lord Henry Bentinck will again take the management
of the Burton Hunt next session.

We understand that private letters from Viscount
Stratford de Redcliffe, our Minister at the Court of the
Sultan, have been received by his family in this country,
announcing that his lordship and suite had removed
from Para to his villa at Therapia, where, we believe,
his lordship, who had recovered from his recent indis-
position, intended to pass the summer. The Viscountess
and the Hon. Misses Canning are staying in Grosvenor-
' square, and it is uncertain when they will join his lord-
ship.
STAR CLUB. —The usual annual whitebait dinner of the
members of this club was held on Wednesday, the 21st
inst., at the Trafalgar, Greenwich, and amongst those
present were, his Excellency the American Minister and
Miss Lane ; Mr. M. Chambers, M.P. ; the Earl of
Kingston ; Mr. Bolt, M.P. ; Mr. Pilkington, M.P ;
Mr. Kershaw, M.P. ; Mr. and Mrs. Guidalla ; Mr.
Sheriff Wallis ; Mr. Mare ; Mr. Barnes, M.P. ; Mr.
Forrester, &c., &c. Mr. Oliveira, M.P., presided.
WINDSOR, Wednesday.—The anniversary of her Ma-
jesty's accession to the throne was observed here with
the usual honours.—The Duke and Duchess d'Aumale
and attendants arrived at Windsor yesterday afternoon,
by special train on the South-Western Railway, and
went over the state and private apartments of the Castle.
—The Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley has accepted the
deanery of Windsor, vacant by the death of the Hon.
and Very Rev. I.)r. Grenville. The appointment had
been previously offered to and refused by the Rev. Lord
Wrothesley Russell and the Rev. Wm. Canning, canon
of Windsor.—Charles Miller, Esq , principal clerk of
the kitchen for many years, is appointed deputy-comp-
troller of the royal household, in the room of Mr. Nor-
ton. Mr. Miller is well qualified for this responsible
office, and is universally respected in the royal house-
hold.-400 of the 46th Regiment of the line, from
Weedon, marched into Windsor this morning, to join
the other part of the regiment quartered here, and doing
duty at the Castle, under the command of Colonel Gar-
rat, K.H.
HAMPTON- COURT AND KEW- GARDENS. The number
of persons who went to see the State apartment at Hanic.
ton-court Palace in the year 1853 was 180,753, being
7,000 more than in the previous year, though only half
the number for the Exhibition year. The number of
week-day visitors to Kew-gardens in 1853 was 210,741,
being 20,000 le,' than in the previous year, and 120,000
less than in the Exhibition year ; but Kew-gardens were
open on Sundays last summer, and were visited on those
days by 120,469 persons, making the whole number of
visitors last year 331,210, or rather more than even the
number of the Exhibition year.

ROYAL CALEDONIAN ASYLUM.—A special general
court of this corporation was held yesterday, at the
Scottish Hospital, Crane-court, Fleet-street, to take
into consideration the report of a special committee
appointed to consider the best means of preventing
any further diminution of the funded capital of the in-
-stitution. His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, K.G.,
president of the institution, in the chair. The report
was read by the secretary. It appeared that the funded
property of the corporation, which a few years ago
amounted to above 22,0001., has been diminished to
little more than 12,0001., and that the expenditure
annually exceeded the income, which rendered sales of
stock necessrry from time to time. The report sug-
gested various economical reforms, which were discussed
at some length ; after which the Rev. Dr. Cumming
moved that the report be received, and ordered to lie
on the table, which was carried by a small majority.
A vote of thanks was passed to the noble president, and
the meeting separated.

THE ATHENXIDI INSTITUTE.—Last evening a meet-
ing of literary men of the metropolis was held at the
Freemasons' Tavern, to consider the best means of ad-
vancing their social position and their general interests.
Mr. Scholefield, M.P., occupied the chair. A motion
having been agreed to affirming that it was desirable to
form the literary body into a corporate institution to
protect their rights and interests, Mr. Tomlins dilated
at considerable length upon the disadvantages experienced
by men of letters, from the circumstance of their profes-
sion having no recognised position in society. He con-
cluded by moving a resolution in favour of the Athenaeum
Institute, but the proposal not meeting with unanimous
approval, the meeting, after a very prolix discussion,
agreed to appoint a committee to consider and report
upon the best coune to pursue in order to carry out
the principle affirmed in the first resolution.
ARRIVALS OF GOLD.—The Prince of Wales has arrived
from Sydney, but she brings only 100 ounces of gold,
valued at 400/. The Baltic from New York yesterday
has brought 125,000/.