The Sun.
London, England, 1854-08-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, Turns))Ay EVENING, AUGUST' 17, 1854.

11.A1 ,E 41,1ARE.EIS.
(THIS DAY.)

iE FIXED RtINT;IT.S,

THE WAR IN crlicAssi-A.

Leasing Closing Prices Business
Shr. Paid. RAILWAYS' Compans. yesterday. this day.
50 all Bedford and London &
Bletchley .. . N. West ..
St. 100 Buckghamsh. L&N.W 95 100
50 all ClydesdaleJc. Caledon.., 95 97
St. 100 E. Lincoln gr.
6 per cent. Gt•Nrthn. 134. 137
25 all 'Mu. Barr. & Caldonian,
Neils. Direct
25 all Do. New. `Do —
25 all Glstr.ex Dn.Prl Gt. Vest 128 28 30
100 all Hrtipl. Dk. & Yk. New.!
Railway & Berw.
50 all Hull & Selby Y. &Nbld 103 105
25 all Do. 4 Shares. Do sli 524
124 all Do. Shares. Do 25. —26
13i all Lon.&Greenw S. Easterr 124 134
20 all Do. Preference Do 23 —24
20 100 Lowestoft gr.
4 per cent. Norfolk —
20 LOO Do. 6 per et.
51 all Manch. Batn. L.&N.W.'
and Matlock & Midld., 2 - 211
50 all Middlesbro' &Stckton&,
Ralcar . . .
10e all Aidld.Bradfd Midland.; 94 95
50 all Northern and
Easternsp.c. E. Count., 53 60
50 .3... Do. 6 per ct. D 0...
50 all Do. Fixeds p s Do,
25 all Prest. & Wyre L.
&Ln&Yk
124 12 Do. a Shares. Do .
••• •••
St. 100 Roystn.&Hit. GtNortlan
St, 100 Do.Shepth.St D 0.,,,,, i 132 135
25 18g Shef.Roth.and Lancash&
Goole g. 5 p.c. Yorksh.
12 94 S. Staffordsh. NI.MClea 2_ 11c1 7/
50 all Wear Valleygr Stockt.
6 per cent... Darlingt.
25 all Do Do.
St 100 Wilts&Somrst Gt-Virestn 92 94

REDOUT-KALEH, GEORGIA, JULY 3.
This place is now very strong ; the ramparts are stout
and high, and a good flanking fire will be obtained ; we
fail in guns, however, though we received two extra ones
from Suchum-Kaleh the other day (Russian pieces), and
hope soon to have some more. The Bashi-Blzouks have
at length been got to work upon it ' • they occupy the
north side of the river, and were at length induced to
work at a breastwork (which, by the by, was well flanked
from the other side of the stream) and were busy work-
ing away in the ditch ; shortly, however, it was observed
that they had dropped away, except a few who were
leisurely sucking away at their chibouques. An appeal
to the chief was consequently made, and he being in-
formed, in very indifferent Turkish, that in two days
" E,lglish ship would go away and Moskoo would come,"
the effect was decisive, and on the next morning the
work was found to be finished. Redout-Kaleh will
prove a puzzle to " Moskoo" if ever he makes his ap-
pearance there, but we must remember that we had the
aid of 2,000 men to make the fortifications ; the Bey
told me the other day that, during their progress, the
soldiers were not his men, but mine. He came on board
to see the firing the other day, and was delighted. We
have now a Tacbjerman (Anglice, dragoman) a clever
little fellow, who speaks perfectly 10 languages ; he was
born in Bagdad, has lived in France and England,
in Turkey, and in Greece, and has married an Italian
wife. lam learning Turkish under his auspices, and
can already make myself understood among our friends
of the fez. The construction of the verbs is most
singular ; for example, there are two future tenses,
one signifying the determination, " I will do it, ;" the
other expressing "At present such is my intention."
On a first hearing, the language sounds remarkably
like gibberish ; but when the ear becomes more accus-
tome to it, it is not unpleasing. First studies are, of
course, mere efforts of memory, as the language is so
entirely different from any other both in derivation and
formation. I have found the little Turkish phrase-book
which was sent out to me most useful, and have con-
stantly carried it about with me, and have now learnt
the whole of it by heart. I have also made some addi-
tions ; the little fat Bey here (in whose quarters I have
daily chibouques and coffee) is constantly adding to my
dictionary, and to-day has told me that "ekee ayeeler"
(two months) I shall speak "pek ayee Turche" (very
good Turkish). The grandees of Turkey avoid their own
language when in intercourse with each other, and speak
pure Arabic, and those are deemed the most polished
who speak it the most purely.

BRITISH RAILWAYS.

!(dosing Prices
yesterday.

Business done
this day.

CHITRITK•SU, JULY 5.
We came to the Turkish head-quarters here yester-
day ; on our way we passed the mouth of the river
Phasis (now Rhion). The view it presents is very beau-
tiful—a broad, rapidly. flowing (though somewhat muddy)
river, the banks of which are covered with trees of the
greatest luxuriance in growth and quantity, its introduc-
tion to salt water being presided over by a little wooded
islet in the centre of the mouth, sparkling emerald-like
in the morning sun. At the extremity of the left bank
is a Russian square redoubt of solid masonry, the empty
embrasures of which now look harmlessly upon the scene
of Jason's wanderings, and if Jason made the first ac-
quaintance of the Colchians on as brilliant a morning as
that on which we passed it, he might have mi taken the
whble of the visible course of the old Phasis for one huge,
burnished, sparkling, golden fleece. Carrying the eye
nearly a mile beyond the old redoubt I have mentioned,
over the rich verdure of the same bank, it falls on towers
and battlements. These are at once seen to be Ge-
obese. There is no mistaking those lofty, solid,
grass-grown walls upon which, but the other day, Rus-
sian guns were bristling to very little purpose ;
those guns (for the most part having their trunnions
knocked off, and otherwise rendered useless) now lie
under the old walls, and the long' grass, in rank luxuri-
ance, is fast shutting them in from the light of day.
Among them are the remains of fine brass pieces. Be-
yond theSe old walls of Poti the river disappears in a
bend lost in labyrinths of wood ; in mid-distance rises a
steep bill, one mass of foliage, and, terminating all, rise
above wood and stream the distant mountains of the
Caucasus, stretching across on their way to the Caspian,
their upper half a mass of snow and fleecy cloud, their
lower-a mysterious haze. On our former visit to Poti
we took from the place a few tons of Russian coal ; the
place is perfectly deserted, and has suffered much from
the usual Russian policy of incendiarism. The only in-
habitants at present are Asiatic fleas, and such fleas !
They inhabit the sand, they tenant the long grass, and
exist everywhere—the deserted huts are full of them.
Some of them migrated on board with us, and I declare
to you they are so big that they give an audible shriek
when one succeeds in massacring them ; the coals, too,
which we took on board were full of the brutes. Since
I last wrote we have been to Chamsheer, about 30 miles
north of Redout-Kaleh, in search of fresh beef and pro-
visions, as a change for the men from their salt fare.

We reached Chameheer early in the morning, and were
somewhat undecided as to whether the Place was in Tur-
kish or in Russian hands, so we sent our interpreter to
communicate ; our doubts were soon relieved by a visit
from a fezzed and turbaned multitude, who informed us
of the departure in toto of " Moskoo.” Not quite in
toto, however, for a Russian General, Prince Michael,
still presides over Chamsheer and its neighbourhood ;
odd enough, you will say, but then Prince Michael has
an alias—Hamid Bey —and was born a Turk and of
blussulman parents, and has even now, they say, strong
sympathies, both reltious and patriotic, with his
original brethren. He was captured with two bro-
thers (Alexandro and Said) in Circassia or Mingrelia ;
they were all educated in Russia, and attained to high
Russian rank. Hamid Bey became very distinguished,
and latterly settled at Chamsheer, with a goodly pro.
petty of acres and serfs ; his house is very fine, the
basement storey of stone, and the remainder of wood,
finely decorated. He declined receiving our captain,
but expressed a strong wish to speak with our inter-
preter, which was not complied with. Soon afterwards
Prince Michael found it convenient to ride into the
country, to suppress some insurrection (either real or
imaginary) in a Georgian village, taking care to take
with him all his horses, lock up his stables, and secure
his mansion under lock and key.
On reaching the shore, we found that great consterna-
tion had been caused by our arrival ; the Turks,
thinking we were Russians, had tarred all the points of
timber in the wooden houses of which Chamsheer is
entirely composed, and were prepared to evacuate and
fire them at a moment's notice. The town is a long
straggling street of wooden huts and shops ; the latter
are now tenanted by turbaued Tusks, who sit on
their ancles, sucking at their chibouques, as though
they had dwelt there all their lives ; from these I
bought some beautiful sables of the Caucasus. Crossing
a substantial Russian bridge of wood, stretched over a
mixture of half swamp and half stream, we reached a
little Georgian village, where we were evidently looked
upon as wonderful specimens of natural history by
the :.habitants. The houses are composed of wattle
work, or wood, and consist of three or four rooms on
the ground floor, the principal room being lined with
' sofas, upon which (when seen by us unawares) the
residents were reclining. I never saw so many women
to a household as in this place—about half-a-dozen to
each—and generally exceedingly pleasing and pretty
in appearance, and graceful in their walk. A t
first sight of us they generally adhered to the Turkish
custom, and, covering up their faces, ran away to an
inner room, or closed their doors while we passed by ;
but soon curiosity prevailed, the doors opened a little,
and then whole figures came gradually to view, until at
length they came out in a body and unveiled, and boldly
criticized the appearance of the "Ingleez ;" they were
attired in coloured or pure white drapery, drawn in to
the waist, and setting off their figures and fair com-
plexions to advantage. The men wear a calpac and robe
supplied with cartridges like the Circassians, and are
generally fine, intelligent-looking fellows. In the village
we had a gossip with some Turks, one of whom made a
remark which I must tell you. The interpreter explained
to him that all the Russian vessels were at Sebastopol
under large batteries, and that English, French, and
Turkish ships were now in the entire possession of these
waters. He replied, that, as the Ingleez, Franseer, and
Osmanli held the "Ceara Denniz" (Black Sea), it was
greatly to be feared that "Moskoo" would have
to go without fish for dinner. Among the houses' of
the little villoge are placed curious-looking pigeon-
house places of wattle work, supported on poles to a
height of about 15 to 20 feet, looking like windmills
without their 'sails. These we discovered to be store-
houses and magazines, more particularly for corn,
which at such a height is preserved more dry and
in better condition. At the top of one of these I saw
a fellow with a rifle keeping watch over us, waiting
(like Austria) the turn of events, and I have no doubt
that each of these places had a similar occupant ; one'
of them also kept guard in the upper storey of Hamid
Bey's mansion. The country round Chamsheer is
luxuriantly beautiful. In the evening we went off to
the ship with our supply of cattle, some of which were
for our friends at Redout-Kaleh.

We have commenced a flirtation with a Mingrelian
village nearly two hours from Redout-Kaleh ; the inter-
preter accompanied the party, and also a strong escort
of Bashi-Bazouks. At first sight of them the Min-
grelian Bey and his principal people stood in line,
and, taking off their calpacs and tucking them under
their arms, bowed low, their bow, like Lord Berleigh's
shake of the head, being very expressive first,
esteem for the rank and appearance of an English
visitor ; secondly, fear and trembling at the ap-
pearance of the Bashi-Bazouks ' • and, thirdly, an
unpleasant reminiscence of the threat of the Russian
General, only nine miles from them, that if any
assistance or communication were carried on between
their village and the Turks or Engiish, it should in-
stantly be burnt or spoiled. They were told to put on
their hats, and then ensued a " palaver," carried on in
English to our interpreter, banded over in Turkish to a
Turkish officer, and from the last in the Mingrelian
language to the villagers. The Mingrelians expressed
their belief (instilled into them by the Russians) that the
Turks had come to spread their religion by force anion;
them They said they were between two fires, and de-
licately insinuated that the r best policy would be, in
case of compulsion, to fight with the strongest, whoever
he might be ; also that they knew that two great nations
were fighting against Russia. They seemed somewhat as-
tonished to find that the English were Christians, and not
assisting in the spread of the religion of the Crescent; but
on the contrary, in conjunction with the French,
had raised the Cross to an eleva Lion not before known
in Turkey. All this through the interpretation of the
Turkish officer. Finally, they brought out some wine for
their visitors, and got up a sort of tournament for them.
Six of them mounted horses with bare backs and with-
out bridles, and each rode at and tried to dismount his
neighbour, ; and the feats of horsemanship shown in this
amusement are described as something wonderful. The
parting took place with expressions of goodwill, and a
place of meeting (a mile or two from Redout-Kaleh)
wag Appointed fox Saturday, This pawing also took

place, the villagers bringing a present to us of a wild
boar, killed the day before. They were invited to come
and see the ship on Sunday, and after service made their
appearance. The Bey is a man of really polished address,
and spoke Turkish and Russian ; he formerly held a post
in the Russian quarantine here. They were shown views
of churches and interiors of continental cathedrals; they
said they were Roman Catholics, acknowledging
the Pope as their head ; they were greatly interested
and delighted by a book of engravings from sketches in
Palestine. They expressed great admiration of the ship,
saying how much more clean and orderly it was than
any Russian vessel they had seen. Before leaving, they
made a present of wine, which would be an excellent
substitute for vinegar. The Bey of the fort received
them afterwards on the other side of the river, prudently
not allowing them within. The next morning early they
brought down to the trysting place a pig, eggs, and
cucumbers, which we purchased ; at the same time,
they informed us that, the day before, the Russians had
evacuated their outpost (five hours, or 15 miles, from
Redout-Kaleh), and had also left Ouzourghet, the town
the gained from the Turks the other day, and that
they were then leaving Kutais, which town would
probably be burnt by them. They were concen-
trating all their forces at Tiflis. Schamyl is awake,
and is descending into Georgia with 40,000 men,
20,000 of whom are mounted. He was expected at
Anakria last Monday, and is probably now near Redout-
Kaleh. He is to form a junction with the Turkish
forces ; and it is said Tiflis will be attacked.
Kutais (anciently Cyta, or Cutasium) is on the Phasis,
and was the birthplace of Medea. lEa, the capital of
King iEtes, where the Golden Fleece was preserved,
lay between that place and the present Poti. lam
sorry the Turks at Redout know of the Russian retreat,
as there will be the more trouble in getting them to work.
Since we arrived at Churuk-su, I have met with
Turkish artillery officers who spoke the European lan-
guages, and had been educated in European military
schools ; they have no news whatever to tell us, but
say that Mr. Stevens (our Consul at Trebizond)
has promised them some by the next mail. We
visited the tent of Selim Pasha (the Commander-in-
Chief), but he was not at home ; Mustapha Pasha (en
second) we found seated in his tent, upon an arm-chair,
with his legs ludicrously tucked underneath him, writing
orders and smoking a chibouque ; he is a fine-looking
fellow and an Arab. The town of Chnrultzsu is a large
straggling bazaar of wooden boxes, now occupied by
Bashi-Bazouks and tobacco-bowl vendors ; its name
means literally " troubled waters." The view of the
country round it, backed on the south by the Armenian
mountains, and on the north by the distant Caucasus, is
most beautiful • to the south, on an eminence sur-
rounded by lovely wood scenery, stands a Genoese ruin,
covered with moss and green, and in shape like the
gateway of Carisbrooke Castle. Fever and ague be-
gin to be severely felt here. We return to Redout
this evening, and Selo. Pasha goes with us. The other
day, at Redout-Kaleh, I met with a Bashi-Bazouk,
whose weapons were those of the middle ages—an im-
mense battle-axe was stuck in his shawls (in addition to
the usual complement of knives and pistols), and in his
hand he carried a large iron club. I hope our soldiers
are doing something in Europe, and that the Crimea
will fall, but we must have a large army there. Sebas-
topol is said to be very weak on the land side, but no
doubt they have found that out, and are repairing their
faults. lam quite black with exposure to the sun.