The Sun.
London, England, 1853-07-12 00:00:00

THIS EVZNENTG, July 12,

And during the week, the Performances will commence with the
grand national Spectacle of THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO.
To be !Mowed by M. Parische en the CORDE DE VOLANTE,
and succeeded by Mr. W. Cooke's Scenes in the .Arena, introducing
Miss Em ly Cooke In her unapproachable Feat of Leaping through
16 balloons, both torward and backward.

To conclude with (for the 50th time) the successful Hippo Drama
of THE CHASE ; or, LIFE ON THE TURF.
Roa-otlice open daily from Eleven to Four. Stage Manager, Mr.
W vat.

N.ll.—Glorious Preparations are in progress for Circle Entertain.
rnents.

LOYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
THIS EVENING, JULY 12.

CTIUSAN and the FEAST OF LANTERNS.

flplendld BIEN,‘GNIIIE, containing many hundred interesting
Specimens of Natural history. ODFREY'S unrival/ed MILITARY
BAND. Vocal a' d Instrumental Concert. Two Songs by Miss
Cicely :Nott. Solo, Clarionet, by Mons. Wuille. The whole con-
cluding with the most extraordmary spectacle ever exhibited, "The
Feast or Lanters" and explosion of Chinese Fireships. Brilliant dis-
play of Fireworks by Southby.

N.B.—A GRAND EXTRA NIGHT on FRIDAY NEXF. The
em'nent Vocalist Miss POOLE will make her First Appearance I,ere.
Extra di7play of Fireworks, Flight of 5 0 Rockets, and brilliant
Finale.

Admission on this occasion, 2s. 6d.

111CII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

Tar: DAT —Morning 40 min. after 5 I Evening, 1 min.an. 6
TO. l'lmmovr—Morning 24 mitt. after 6 I Evening 43 min.oft. 6

TILE WEATHER.--Sup OFFicn, JULY 12.

THERMOMETER, IN TUE SHADE.

72 -ili7iicAt gine° noon yesterday.
F 6 —iowest this ruorniug and during the night.
73—this day at noon.

BAROMETER, 30.12.
WIND, N.N.W.—Pine weather.

THE PUBLICATION OF
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AT THREE O'CLOCK,

AND THE
LATE OR THIRD EDITION,

CONTAI ?TING THE

DEBATES IN PARLIAMENT THE SAME EVENINGi
With all other News arriving up to the hour of Post,
AT SEVEN O'CLOCK.

EXPEEFS EDITIONS
will be forwarded after the Post is closed by the

Latest Trains.

-Tx(,
p
twy

LONDON, TUES7)AY, JULY 12, 1853.

Another Russian Manifesto. Another of those

specious documents in -which the CZAR endeavours
to justify his occupa.tion of the Danubian pro-
vinces, his wanton anyession on a friendly terri-
tory, his deliberate violation of the treaty of
1841, to which he was a party. The present
missive comes in the form of a circular letter from
Count NESSELRODE to the diplomatic agents of
Russia at the different :European Courts, and it is,
if possible, more insolo:nt in its assumptions, more
illogical i n its reasoning,, and more glaxingly fallacious
in its assertions, than : tny of those by which it was
preceded. The AUTOCR.&T still manifestly conceives
that bullying will prove.efficacious, arid that the most
impudent falsehoods will be received as truth, if
promulgated with the Alequisite amount of bluster-
ing and swagger. Th.lt he " reckons without his
host" in this respect, iv ill be easily understood by
those who are acquaint 4 xl with the almost unani-
mous feelings of the P 1 ?.OPLE of France and Eng-
land. We say emphati tally the " PEOPLE," for,
however Ministers may vacillate and temporise—
or public journals may tergiversate—the PEOPLE
will still compel any Government to obey the
popular will in some a natters, and any so-called
" director of public opin ion" to follow that opinion
which it can longer lea, dor direct. His mistake
may, however, be attri hatable partly to the fact,
that the " excellent An ,KRDEEN" occupied the chief
position in the British Cabinet, and that the antics
of the Peace Society virt re thought to express the
views and feelings of ab.t least a considerable por-
tion of the English cor c tmunity, and his eyes will
not be opened until Ile finds the clear and un-
questionable expression.. of clear and unflinching
determination on the p art of the Western Powers.
Be still thinks, as we have already stated, that
bullying will prove effect " ive, and under that erro-
neous view of the case he may be led into other
proceedings calculated -still further to complicate
matters already suffici 3 ntly complicated, and to.
materially lessen the pis aspects of a pacific solution
of the difficulty.

It is with such vieva s that he has sanctioned
the circular now under :notice, in which, while he
reiterates his hypocritiit al expressions of modera-
tion, declaring that he requires no new conces-
sion, makes no demand for the extension of rights
and privileges, but SiEa ply demands a confirratt-
tion of what he had g possessed; and he agai n
puts forward the cour:34 ) of action which he ix t-
tends to pursue, in cons equence of the wilful an d
deliberate infraction of the rights which he has .9 o
long enjoyed (!) namely, the "protectorate" of ln'a
co-religionists in the East it may possiblyhereafte .r
be extended to the entire Jobe—and the restora.tiola
of the status quo, " the :privileges which they pos-
sessed ab antiquo under the aegis of their Sove-
reign." From this protectorate he does not deny
that there may result to' Russia what may be pro-
perly termed a " religio (is patronage." But this,
he repeats, he has at all: times exercised in the
East ; and he inquires, "If hitherto the indepen-
dence and the sovereifl ity of Turkey have been,
able to reconcile themse h: es to the exercise of this
patronago, why should mot both be able to endure
it for tie future, from the moment that our pre-
tensions are reduced to -what, after all, is only a..
simple confirmation ?" :It will thus be seen that.
his assumption is something analogous to tlia..;
which the POPE put foirsard with respect to CI
Roman Catholic populr...tion of other countries :
but that he goes much further, f9r he claim ;.
a temporal sovereign over all vor professor
of the Greek religia EL, r,
hnorever they inc.
be' situated, id, the Ea st.
est'. ,-
Ti)is is clean_
blished, by his assertiou of the "privilege chic
they (his co-religionist:) possessed ab antilavo
UNDER THE MGM OP THEIR SOVEREIGN." •

But it is not merely so far as the Porte is ce,n_
cerned that he carries his blustering. n,
ad_
dresses trio Western Powers for the first tiabe, if

not in directly menacing, at least in very ominous
and significant, language.
After speaking of his various demands from the
SULTAN, he says—
"On putting this ultimatum to the Porte, we parti-
cularly informed the Cabinets of the Great Powers of
our intentions. We may especially name France and
Great Britain, whom we had engaged not to complicate
the difficulties of the situation by assuming an attitude,
or prematurely taking steps which, on the one hand,
would have the effect of encouraging the Porte in a
course of opposition, and, on the other, might involve
ti hem further than they then were in a question relating
to the honour and dignity of the EMPEROR."
This intimation of his sovereign will and pleasure
he seems, or pretends, to have considered all that
could be required to insure compliance. He
could not for a moment suppose that other Powers
would have had the audacity to interfere between
his rebellious vassals and himself any more than
the former would have ventured to refuse his
ultimatum. He thus gives expression to his
disappointment :
" I regret to announce to you this day, that this
double inducement has been unfortunately tried in vain.
" The Porte, as you will perceive by the subjoined
letter of Reschid Pacha, has returned a refusal, or at
least, an evasive reply to my note.
" Further, the two Maritime Powers have not thought
fit to accede to the proposition which we had recom-
mended to their serious consideration. Taking the ini-
tiative, they have thought it necessary to forestal, by a
prompt and effective step, those which we had merely
announced to them as contingent (eventuelles), inasmuch
as we subordinated their effectual carrying out to what-
ever might be the final resolution of the Porte ; and
further, at the moment I write, their execution has not
yet commenced. They have precipitately sent their
fleets to the very shores of Constantinople ; they
already occupy the waters and the harbours of the Otto-
man empire at the mouth of the Dardanelles. By this
forward movement, the Two Powers have made a threa-
tening demonstration towards us, which, as we had
already forewarned them, must add new complications
to the crisis."

And adds :
"In the face of the refusal of redress by the Porte,
upheld by the manifestation of support from France and
Vngland, it has become more impossible than ever to
modify the resolutions which the EMPEROR had attached
to that refusal."

Under these circumstances it is that he has been
compelled to order his troops to cross the fron-
iers, and to occupy the Principalities. He still
disclaims every idea of conquest or extension of
territory. But he adds to his previous conditions,
not only the concession by Turkey of all that he
has hitherto demanded, but that she shall " take
order to remove the pressure exercised by the
attitude of the two Maritime Powers." This he
pretends to be one of the causes of his invasion,
although Besika Bay is more than 150 miles from
Constantinople, and in waters open to all the

world. As well might the Ribandmen of Tip-
perary complain of the establishment of a police
foroe as an insult to their honour; or an undue
suspicion of their objects.
It is unnecessary to offer further comment on
this extraordinary production. W© trust it will
excite into activity those who have hitherto ex-
hibited such deplorable apathy and carelessness
in matters where the best interests, as well as the
honour, of the British nation are so intimatel:,
concerned.

It cannot be denied that Government has taken
a course with regard to Jamaica at once concilia-
tory and hopeful. It has recalled a Governor
whose six years' term of office was expired, and
thereby at once removed one of the parties in the
quarrel, without giving a triumph to the other
party. It has appointed a new Governor, Mr.
BARELY, who has proved his disinterestedness, his
firmness, and his powers of conciliation also, in
another of the old slave colonies, Guiana, where

the difficulties to be encountered were of a pre-
cisely similar kind ; and it has held out to the
Assembly pecuniary inducements, which, though
great to Jamaica, will cost us next to nothing,
.to
enter upon a satisfactory course of constitutional
and financial reform. It is no mean testimony to
the merit of the Duke of NEWCASTLE'S proposals
that both Earls DERBY and GREY concurred sub-
stantially with them, and only offered a little
friendly criticism on some points of detail.
With such a Governor as Mr. BARELY, and
such a disposition as that evinced by the
leaders of all parties here, the House of Assembly
has an opportunity, such as can hardly be sur-
passed, of burying all byegones in oblivion, and
of devoting itself afresh to the real interests of all
classes in the Island. If it will do so, we think
with Lord IVIrenNeLIFFE that, in an island where
nature has done so much, and where there is a
tropical population capable of . great energy, if it
be fairly summoned into action, there is no reason
to despair of the future for our beautiful Queen
of the Antilles.

Jamaica has never had a fair trial. Slavery
and monopoly were long its bane, and during the
reign of these adored but impoverishing tyrants, the
cry of "distressed planters" was raised periodically
almost as regularly as that of " distressed agri-
culturists." The almost sudden extinction of
slavery, and the lingering death of its commercial
monopolies, especially the latter, told most dis-
tinctively on its prosperity. The whites
could not endure to look upon the blacks
as fellow-freemen ; it was morally impos-
sible for them to lay aside coercion for
persuasion, the whip for wages. They unfortu-
nately repelled the negroes from free labour by
the double folly of offering very low wages, and
taxing vindictively, and therefore heavily, all
such imported articles of consumption as were
most needed by the negroes. To this they added
demanding high rents for their cabins and gardens.
Some men of moderation succeeded better with
their former slaves ; some called in the missiona-
ries as arbitrators, and settled a satisfactory scale
of wages ; but the generally dogged temper of the
dethroned planters, the high rents, and the taxes
on provisions, drove great numbers of the negroes,
who otherwise were slow to leave the estates, to
become squatters wherever they could. More-
over, with little labour, they could provide them-
selves with house, food, and clothing for a tropi-
cal climate ; and kindly-intentioned persons here,
co-operating with the missionaries and other island
philanthropists, advanced considerable sums of
money in the purchase of land, which was very
cheap, to be retailed in small allotments tO the
emancipated slaves ; a step which whilst it met
cases of arbitrary conduct, and tended to create
a class of independent and respectable peasants,
yet also tended to lessen the number of labourers
for hire, and to draw the best hands from the
labour-market by the prospect of respectable inde-
pendency. The Hill Coolie inunig,ration, if it
furnished a partial and rather costly antidote,
yet worked great mischief through' driving the
native population, which after all is the real labour
power of the island, more and more to seek their
support by any means in preference to working
for wages ; and thus in every way the temper of
the former slaveholders injured their natural sup-
ply of free labour. Of course the emancipated,.
on their part, were not in the temper to find free-
dom less remunerative than slavery.
Not less prejudicial to the exertion, on which
all legitimate prosperity must depend, has been
the gradual destruction of the monopoly duties on
sugar. First, by equalising the duties on East
and West India sugar, and then by admitting
slave-grown sugar to competition ; while even
till the last session of Parliament they have been
deluded by " Planters' friends," with the hope of
something again in the shape of protection. That
hope was, of course, buried for ever with the im-
mortal minority of 53 ; and to unrestricted com-
petition the unfortunate and long-beguiled whites
of Jamaica must now submit. Although, how-
ever, they no longer doubt this, yet, of course,
their temper is not improved by finding that hope
deferred has ended in hope completely baulked.
The quarrel which has lasted for some time be-
twce the House of Assembly and the Legislative
Ciuncil has, in consequence, come to its climax :
the former resolve that they will transact no

business with the latter, and jic latter refuse to
The result being of like effect, with
n irreconeileable quarrel betwe:m our House of
Lords and House of Commons all busi-

givo way.

ness is at a stand-still, and the taxes,
which are voted annually, wwing ceased, the
revenue has ceased also. The Council, however,
bears no resemblance to our MUM of Lords. It

consists entirely of salaried government officials,
its salaries dependent on an an cnual vote of the

11Pro

Assembly, and to add to the unpleasantness of the
affair these very salaries are the point in dispute.
The Assembly demands a reduction of 20 per
cent., as necessitated by the undeniably diminished
resources of the island. The officials plead a
vested right in their salaries. Each side has much
to say in its own behalf ; but, under all the cir-
cumstances, we agree with the Duke of NEW-
CASTLE in thinking it not very creditable to the
Council to persevere so strenuously in the cause
of their own salaries merely, since it is
not pretended that they can continue the same
salaries to their successors. High-minded men,
not blinded by passion, would have protested and
submitted, and to secure among themselves
14,0001. a-year would not have sacrificed 1,0001. a
day of the island's revenue, by rejecting the bills
which voted the supplies minus the reductions.
Mr. BARKLY has certainly set them the right
example. The salary of the Governor has already
been reduced from £B,OOO to £6,000. He
wished his own salary to be reduced from that
sum to £5,000 immediately, as an earnest of the
course which he considered it essential to take.
In Guiana he had in like manner, on learning
that it was wished to lower all salaries, sent them
word at once to take £l,OOO off his own as
Governor. The House then, however, refused to
accept the offer during his Governorship ; and no
one would be sorry to learn that the planters
in Jamaica were capable of a similar appreciation
of disinterested conduct in high station.

Besides sending them such a Governor, the
Duke proposes to offer them the credit of this coun-
try to enable them to pay 3 per cent. instead of 6
per cent. on their debt of £700,000 ; also a loan of
£50,000, to enable them to abolish, by moderate
compensation, a considerable number of offices,
which, in fact, is more needed than the retrench-
ment in salaries. It is proposed, however, that
out of about 15,0001. saved to them by the loan,
they are to apply the larger half to the formation
of a sinking fund which will cancel the whole debt
in about 30 years. It is also required, as au essen-
tial condition of the aid, that the Assembly shall
place the taxation on a similarly permanent footing
to that of the mother country ; and that the As-
sembly itself shall renounce its present anomalous
powers, in virtue of which it combines with its
legislative functions administrative and financial
functions also. It is quite evident that the
grossest abuses do, as might be expected, arise
from such an arrangement. Each member
seeks the favour of his constituents, by any
job he can palm for them upon the island
exchequer ; each again to carry his own
point must help others to carry theirs. This,
together with their taking the management of the
public roads, contracts of service, collection of
revenue, and, to a great extent, the parochial
taxes also, directly into their hands, has resulted
in a system of gross and ruinous mismanagement
and jobbing• Not unless all these abuses be freely
corrected does Government offer to guarantee the
requisite credit for reducing the interest of the
debt, and diminishing the number of officials. The
Duke of NEWCASTLE looks to responsible govern-
ment as the desirable issue of the present struggle.
The Earl of DERBY sees in this, in our colonies,
only the rule of party ; Earl GREY foresees the
;ame result, but still thinks the rule of party in-
finitely preferable to the present system, which,
indeed, is just now a perfect dead-lock. We think
:,hat though party, as under a WALPOLE or a PITT,
may domineer for a time, it must yield ultimately
to responsibility and open discussion.