The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-02 00:00:00

No. 19,065.]

To-morrow will be published, in octavo, price 145.,
THE RUSSIAN SHORES of the BLACK
SEA, in the Autumn of 1852; with a Voyage down the
Volga, and a Tour through the Country of the Don Cossacks.

By LAWRENCE OLIPHANT,
Author of a " Journey to Nepaul."
With Illustrations.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

On the Ist of January, 1854, will be commenced,
THE NEW ANNOTATED EDITION
OF THE
FNGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL,
Author of" The History of Russia," "Lives of the English
Poets," &c.
To be published In Monthly Volumes, Foolscap Octavo, price 2s. 6d.
each, combining those features of research, typographical elegance,
and economy of price, which the present age demands. The text
will be carefully collated, and accompanied by Biographical, Criti-
cal, and Historical Notes. Each Poet will be independent of the
rest; chronological sequence will not be observed in the issue of the
works, but wdl be adjusted by general title-pages on the completion
of the series.
The series will commence with the Works of DRYDEN, the first
volume of which will appear on the first of January, 1654 ; to be fol-
lowed oa the let of February by a Poet of an earlier period.
The INTRODUCTORY VOLUME, containing a SKETCH OF
THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH POETRY, will be published in the
course of the year.
London : John W. Parker and Son, West Strand.

NOTICE.-DR. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL
MUSEUM, consisting of more than 700 Models, has just re-
ceived another addition, IS NOW' OPEN, at the Portland Gallery,
Regent-street, every day except 'Friday, from 11 till 5, and from 7
till 10, for gentlemen only ; on Fridays, however, the Morning
Exhildtion for gentlemen will close at 2 o'clock, when Ladies only
will be admitted until 5 o'clock.
Explanations for gentlemen by Dr. Leach, and for ladies by Mrs.
Leach.

Admission—One Shilling.

-------
'TO LOVERS of FISH.-100 REAL YAR-
_i_ MOUTH BLOATERS for 65., package included. The above
forwarded to al+ parts on receipt of penny postage stamps, or Post-
office order (preferred), for the amount.—Address, THOMAS
LETTIS, Jun.,
Fish Curer, Great Yarmouth.

MESSRS. NICOLL, REGENT-STREET.-
In England, or from France and Germany, the best talent
in cutting, workmanship, and materials, are secured for the use of
gentlemen by this firm, who combine excellence with economy, as
illustrated in the PATENT TWO GUINEA PALETOT, sold in the
country and colonies by their recognised Agents, but in London
ONLY at 22, CORNHILL, and the principal depot in the centre of
REGENT-STREET, viz., Nos. 114, 116, 118, and 120.

INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY.
JL LECTURES, 1853 54.
THREE COURSES of LECTURES will be delivered in the Hall
of tits Society, on Monday and Friday Evenings, in the months of
November;-December, January, February, and March next, at Eight
o'clock precisely.
CONVEYANCING LECTURES, by JOHN WILSON, Esq.,
Barrister-at-Law.
I. introductory—Classification of Subjects of Property—Tenure—
Definitions, with explanations and illstrations of legal terms and
phrases.
11. Of Estate and Interest in Land-
1. As regards their measure or duration, and the extent of owner-
ship and dominion they confer, with their leading incidents and cha-
racteristics; embracing Estates in Fee Simple, Fee Tail, for Life, for
Years, &c.
2. As regards the Nature of the Ownership ; as being immediate
or possessory. or as future or deferred : comprising Remainders, Re-
versions, Springing and Shifting Uses, Executory Devises, &c.
3. As regards Estates under the aspect of Sole and ;of Joint
Ownership, and herein of Joint Tenancy, Tenancy in Common, and
Coparcenary.
4. As regards the quality of the Interest, as being legal or equit-
able, subdividing the former Class into Estates by the Common Law,
and Estates under the Statute of Uses.
111. Miscellaneous Topics—Uses and Trusts—Rights and Interests
of Husband and Wife—Creation and Transfer of Estates and Inter-
ests in Land—Devise—Descent—The Rule in Shelly's Case —Perpe-
tuities.

EQUITY and BANKRUPTCY LECTURES, by MARTIN ARCHER

SIIEE, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.
1. The origin and general functions of our Equitable Juri,diction.
2. The main principles which determine and regulate the' inter-
ference of the Court on the ground of strict equity.

3. The duties and liabilities of Trustees.
4. The principles and practice of the Court as to Injunctions,
more particularly in reference to the infringement of Patents and
Copyright, and the piracy of Trade Marks.
5. The doctrine of specific performance of agreements, as enforced
by the Court.
6. The Chancery Procedure Amendment A ct, and recent General
Orders of the Court, as affecting questions of Pleading and Parties.
7. The last Three Lectures of the Course will be devoted to the
Law of Bankruptcy.

COMMON LAW and CRIMINAL LAW LECTURES, by

RICHARD GARTEI, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.

I. The Law of Landlord and Tenant.
2. Replevin.
3. Ejectment.
4. Two or more of the concluding Lectures will be devoted to
Criminal Law.

ROBERT MAUGIIAII, Secretary.

(From the Times.)
The fact strikes us as somewhat strange that at
the same moment a contest identical in spirit and in
tactics should be in progress on the banks of the
Danube and in the manufacturing districts of
England. The Russian Czar and the English
operative equally pl'ace their reliance upon the ex-
haustion of their opponents. There is in either case
the same injustice of the original demand, and that'
demand it is sought to enforce in either case by
precisely similar means. Either belligerent seems
to lose sight of the important truth that he is play-
ing with a double-edged sword, which. strikes him
who wields it with the most terrible effect.
Granted that it is to be a contest of the longest
purse, can the Russian Emperor in the long run
expect to match his resources and his credit against
those of united Europe ?. Equally so with the ope-
rative—can he entertain any reasonable expectation
that the funds which the committees and associations
are able to raise under the pressure of the present
feverish excitement can hold out against the capital
of manufacturing England ? That the manufacturers
may suffer grievous damage we deny not for ono
moment. Many a princely concern may be shorn
of its proud proportions ' • much business may be
transferred from .the English manufacturing dis-
tricts to the shores of foreign countries ; but what
profit the operatives see for themselves in such a
result we are wholly at a loss to discover. They
may feel well assured that the battle has at length
been accepted in the spirit in which it has been
offered. The manufacturers are well aware that it
is not now a question of an advance, more or less
considerable, in the rate of wage. The question
between employers and employed resolves itself
now into the very simple one—which of the two,
for the future, shall assign the proportions to be
observed between wages and profits ? If this most
vital point should be decided against the manufac-
turer, and he should not be able to attract fresh
and untainted hands to his mill, ono alternative
only remains for him, which is, to wind up, his
concerns with all convenient speekands ,transfer=,
his capital, his skill, and his mergy 'to abet
trades—and, if need be, to foreign lands. There
is no particular reason of which we are %Ware why
millowners should sacrifice their fortunes and the
best endeavours of their lives for the sake of
others. If a man should desire to establish a cot-
ton-mill to-morrow, he would naturally take into
account the vicissitudes in the price of the raw
material, the varying rates of freight, the price of
labour, the probable vents for his wares in different
quarters of the globe, the contingencies of bad
debts and delayed payments, and the wear and tear
of his machinery and stock in trade. It is difficult
enough to form an accurate judgment upon all
these points, even under ordinary conditions ; but,
if the intending manufacturer should be informed
that the rate of wages is to be a matter wholly be-
yond his control, he would simply be a madman if
he engaged in the pursuit. What applies to the
intending manufacturer equally applies to him who
has already embarked his capital in the trade. It
may give a heavy blow to his fortunes to escape
from his luckless vocation ; but, at any cost, the
thing must be done, for every day makes his case
worse, and brings him nearer and nearer to the
brink of inevitable ruin.

We publish this day a letter signed " An Em-
ployer," which will sufficiently inform our readers
of the present condition of affairs in the Pres-
ton district. The unwilling seceders are coerced
to follow in the steps of the agitators and the
agitating committees. Concession after concession
on the part of the masters has been met by demand
after demand on the part of the operatives. Can
we wonder that at length they hold their hands
and refuse to give the last stroke to their own
stability ? It appears that in the district of which
we are speaking there is a varying rate of wage.
Some masters give more, some less, but all are
equally required to make good a further adVance
of 10 per cent. The name of one firm is men-
tioned—that of Birley Brothers—who are at pre-
sent at variance with their workpeople. The
dispute arose with regard to one particular kind
of cloth, for which the firm had been in the habit
of paying Bd. They offered to advance to 81—
a small fraction under the 10 per cent. claimed.
The offer was refused. It was not the extra
farthing which was wanted, but the absolute con-
trol over the amount of wages. A second case is
that of Mr. J. Naylor. His operatives in March
last received au advance. They expressed them-
selves perfectly satisfied with the arrangement,
even until four days before the recent strike.
When their employer offered to yield to their fur-
ther importunity, and to make an additional con-
cession, which, taken together with the amount of
the advance in March, would make up the 10 per
cent. additional now claimed, again this offer was
refused. But we must not confine the illustration
simply to two firms. It appears that the Masters'
Association met some short time back, and agreed
to yield to the demand of the workpeople so far as
to give them an advance " not exceeding" 10 per
cent. The qualification was, of course, introduced
to meet the cases of those employers who had al-
ready made an advance in their rate of wages.
This universal concession was, in the first instance,
accepted with great satisfaction by the workpeople.
They were not, however, independent agents, and
found themselves under the 'necessity of consulting
their committees and directors. Upon consulta-
tion had, the concession which in the first instance
had been so gladly accepted was universally
rejected. The operatives either struck, or gave
the required notice. Then it was that the Masters'
Association met, and resolved to form themselves
into a body for mutual defence. The consequence
we now see in the shape of the continuous strike
on one side, and the closed mills on the other.
We feel a most perfect assurance that nothing
will ever induce the masters to acquiesce in the
terms of the men in their present form. They will
rather suffer themselves to be driven from the
trade than consent to carry it on under the condi-
tions with which they are threatened. This is one
possible result of the agitation. Already, from
the other side of the Atlantic, we receive the first
proofs of mechanical genius as applied to agricul-
ture and to various objects *of great practical use in
daily life. Surveys have been diligently taken of
the coal fields in the North American continent.
The one favourable point which has hitherto given
us and maintained for us the lead was the cheaper
rate of wage paid in the British Isles. If this, too,
is to be turned against the British manufacturer,
we may well look forward to the time when we shall
be exporting our iron for the use of foreign work-
men. But the first and most inevitable conse-
quence of the extinction of British manufactures
would be the disappearance from the earth of the
race of English operatives and artisans. They are
the children of the power-loom and spinning-jenny,
and by the activity or idleness of the English mills
they stand or fall.
We are well aware that it will never come to this.
In the stern presence of starvation and misery in
their direst shapes the operatives must needs give
way. Every hour during which they remain in
their present false position they alienate from them-
selves the sympathies of the public, and when they
do return to sobriety of thought, they have nothing
to expect but a settlement more and more unfavour-
able, and conditions yet more harsh.

GOVERNMENT. INQUIRY.

The commission appointed to inquire into the state o
corporation of the city of London, sat yesterday at the
offices of the Treasury, in Downing-street. ' The
commissioners.present were„ Mr. Labouchere (the'chair-
man), Mr. Cornwall Lewis, and Sir John Patteson,
The entire sitting was occupied with the examination of
Mr. James Ackland, secretary to the city of London
Municipal Reform Association,
Mr. Ackland, having been sworn at his own request,
proceeded to state that he resided in the city of London,
and acted as an electoral agent, both with regard to the
election of Members of Parliament and the appointment
to-civic offices. He was an inchoate freeman of the city
of London, and had been so for half a'centtiry ; but had
never thought it worth while to take up his freedom.
At the commencement of the present year he had re'

ceived, in common with thousands of other persons in
the same position, notice from the city corporation that,
unless he took up his freedom forthwith, proceedings
would be instituted in the city courts to compel him to
do so. This had induced him,• and many others simi-
larly aggrieved, in July last to form the Association for
the Reform of the Corporation of the city of London, of
which he bad the honour to be 'the secretary. The asso-
ciation comprised persons who desired the reform of the
corporation on general principles, and also gentlemen
connected with the Manchester and other warehouses
in the city ; but the larger portion of its members were
unable to pay the fee of 61. ss. 4d., which the corpora-
tion demanded for granting permission to 'carry on a
trade. It numbered 1,200 members in all, who were
householders in the city of Loudon; and had paid
on their entrance into the society a registration fee
of is. each ; any other contributions being perfectly
voluntary. The objects of the society were two-fold ;
first, to secure to all rated occupiers in the city an equal
right to full participation in the privileges now monopo-
lised by the freemen ; and second, to defend its members
against any prosecution on the part of the corporate
officials to extort fees from those whom it was sought to
coerce into taking up their freedom. The society had
never formally expressed any opinion as to what the
constitution of the corporation of London should be, but
had rather desired primarily to expose the abuses which
existed in that body. The complaints of the society
were directed against the system, and not against the
conduct of individual officers; and, indeed, it was rather
disposed to think that the officers of the corporation
were victims to that system in common with those who
were claiming their rights:

The Chairman asked if Mr. Acland had not himself
formed some opinion as to the defects in the constitution
of the corporation, and likewise with regard to the ne-
cessary remedy ?
Mr. Acland said, that he had always been of opinion
that anything in the shape of exclusiveness and mono-
poly was prejudicial to the general interests of the
community.

The Chairman said that Mr. Acland was probably
conversant with the report on the city of London, which
was presented in 1837 by the commissioners appointed
to inquire into municipal corporations in England and
Wales. That report was divided into certain heads, and
perhaps it would be convenient if Mr. Acland would
follow that arrangement, beginning first with the rela-
tion of the city to the metropolis at large.

Mr. Acland—The commissioners of 1834 seemed to
have been impressed with the idea that the area of the
city of London could be advantageously extended over
a considerable portion, if not the whole of the metro-
polis. Now, the parliamentary boroughs of the metro-
polis had of late years had it in their power at any time
for a charter of incorporation if they were so minded,
but in no one instance had they done so. The Commis-
sioners of 1834 stated that, where the size of provincial
towns had greatly increased, it had been held desirable
to take in the suburbs as a part of the original town,
thus enlarging the municipal area ; but then it must be
remembered that had not been invariable, as the case of
Manchester and Salford proved.
Sir John Patteson— But Manchester and Salford were
entirely new creations.

SECURITY TO EMPLOYERS.
To Secretaries of Public Institutions, Clerks, Station Masters, Rail
way Officials, Bankers' Clerks, Travellers, and Others.
TIMES LIFE ASSURANCE and GUARAN-
TEE COMPANY, 32, Ludgate-hill, London. Incorporated
under 7 and 8 Victoria. cap. 110.

HONORARY PRESIDENTS.
CHARLES II INDLEY, Esq., M.P., Dartmouth-house, Westminster.
JAMES KERSHAW, Esq., M.P., Stockport.
TRUSTEES.
James Alexander Douglas, Esq., 11, Queen-square.
Ambrose Moore, Esq., Endsleigh-street, Tavistock-square.
James Nisbet, Esq., Berners-street, Oxford-street.
CHAIRMAN—The Hon. Francis Villiers, Berkeley-square.
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN—James Wyid, Esq., Charirtg-cross.
" The Times" Company affords guarantee to persons requiring the
same at the lowest possible rate, and divides four-fiths of the profits.
Thus, by applying the justly popular principle of mutuality to public
guarantee, the premiums, instead of being a tax upon honesty, be-
come a means of saving and investment.
Rates —From Ts. 6d. upwards. No charge for stamps or extra
charges. An allowance made in the guarantee premium, where a
life assurance and guarantee are combined.
LIFE ASSURANC E. .

Mr. Acland—But the argumerit could not be very co-
gent that large contiguous populations should be joined
into one municipality, when the principle was not car-
ried out in a place where the population did not amount
to one-fifth of that of the metropolis.
The Chairman—Are you of opinion that it would not
be desirable to extend the limits of the city of London ?
Mr. Acland—Decidedly so ; because the area of the
city of London had a speciality which, he thought,
would be overlaid and destroyed by so vast and incon-
gruous an addition to its bulk as that of the whole me.
tropolis. The city of London was the great commercial
entrepOt of the empire ; and if all the Government offices
were not there, at least the Custom-house, the Post-
office, the Royal Exchange, the dock companies, the
Bank, and all the great monetary establishments, were
within its limits. By such an extension, therefore, as
had been recommended, its commercial character and
utility would be entirely over-ridden. Liverpool was
now threatening to rival the port of London ; but if
London had only fair play, and was relieved from the
onerous burden and difficulties with which a monopolist
municipality impeded its commerce, there could be no
fear of its successfully maintaining its position.
The Chairman—That is diverging into another point.
Mr. Acland—The Parliamentary boroughs of the me-
tropolis had shown no anxiety to obtain municipal in-
stitutions, and he would contend that there was a very
large population on the south side of the Thames which
was legally part and parcel of the city. of London, but
which was now deprived of the franchise, though it was
to some extent burdened with the obligations connected
with the municipality of the city, and which struggled
now to assert its right to be treated as an integral part
of the city of London—he alluded to the borough of
Southwark. [The witness then quoted ancient docu-
ments and royal letters patent in order to show that the
borough of Southwark, and the municipal ward of
Bridge-without, ought to share equal municipal privi-
leges with wards on the north side of the Thames.]
The Chairman—Are you in favour of assimilating
the ward of Bridge-with Out with the other side of the
river ?

Life assurance, annuities, and. endowments. Payments taken
monthly as well as quarterly, Sec. Policies indisputable, save in
cases of fraud. Arrangements can be made with this °dice to pre-
vent the loss of a policy where the assured is unable, from temporary
embarrassment, to keep up the paymentsß.
11. . SHERIDAN, Manager.

GUARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY,
No. 11, Lombard-street, London.
DIRECTORS.
Sir WALTER R. FARQUHAR, Bart., Chairman.
FRANCIS HART DYKE, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
Henry Hulse Berens, Esq. Stewart Marjoribanks, Esq.
John Dixon, Esq. John Martin,Esq.,
Sir W. M. T. Farquhar, Bart. Rowland Mitchell, Esq.
Thos.llankey, jun.,Esq., M.P. James Morris, Esq.
John Harvey, Esq. Henry Norman, Esq.
John G. Hubbard, Esq. Henry R. Reynolds, jun., Esq.
George Johnstone, Esq.! John Thornton, Esq.
John Labouchere, Esq. James Tulloch, Esq.
John Loch, Esq. Menry Vigne, Esq.

ster, St. Marylebone, the Tower Hamlets, and Finsbury;
and then he thought it would be possible to obtain a
real common council, by delegation, for the whole metro-
polis ; to carry out the general purposes of drainage and
water supply, for instance. He did not think there
ought to be a separate jurisdiction in each metropolitan
borough for the police, or the drainage and water sup-
ply, or for the paving and lighting of the streets, but
that there should be one general jurisdiction for these
functions.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—What, then, would be the
functions of your local councils
Mr. Acland—•Wardmote functions rather convey my
idea.

AUDITORS.
A. W. Robarts, Esq. Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq.
Lewis Lloyd, jun., Esq. I John Henry Smith, Esq.
SECRETARY—George Keys, Esq.
AcTuAßY—Griffith Davies, Esq., F.R.S.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.—Under the provisions of an Act of Par-
liament, this Company now offers to future insurers Four-fifths of
the Profits, with Quinquennial Division, or a Low Rate of Premium
without participation of Profits.
The next division of Profits will be declared in June, 1855, when
all participating Policies which shall have subsisted at least one year
at Christmas 1854, will be allowed to share in the Profits.
At the several past divisions of Profits made by this Company, the
Reversionary Bonuses added to the Policies from One-half the
Profits amounted, on an average of the different ages, to abbot One
per Cent. per Annum on the sums insured, and the total Bonuses
added at the Four Septennial Divisions exceeded 770,0001.
FOREIGN RISKS.—The Extra Premiums required for the East
and West Indies, the British Colonies, and the northern parts of the
United States of America, have been materially reduced.
INVALID LlVES.—Persons who are not in such sound health as
would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular Prefniums,
may have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums.
LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values. pro-
vided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have
attained in each case a value not under 501.
ASSIGNMENTS OF POLICIES.—Written Notices of, received
and registered.
Medical fees paid by the Company, and no charge made for Policy
Stamps.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.—lnsurances effected on every descrip-
tion of property at the usual rates.

THE MOST CERTAIN PREVENTION OF CLIOLER.A. EVER

DISCOVE RED.
THE BEST and CHEAPEST DISIN-
FECTING FLUID is CREW'S IMPROVED CHLORIDE
of ZINC, for the purification of Dwelling-houses. Stables, Dog Ken-
nels, Ship's Holds, Cesspools, Drains, Water-closets, &c. ; the Disin-
fection of Sick Rooms, Clothing, Linen, and for the Prevention of
Contagion.
Chloride of Zinc, as the best Disinfecting and purifying agent, is
now established beyond all doubt. It is perfectly harmless in its
application and innoxious in itself. The high price at which it hps
hhherto been sold has prevented its general use; to obviate this
obstacle to its universal application as a disinfecting and purifying
agent, the present manufacturer, who was many years with Sir W.
Burnett's Company, has arranged to supply the public with concen-
trated Chloride of Zinc in its greatest purity and at the lowest price.
It is sold by all Chemists and Shipping Agents in the United King-
dom, in Imperial Quart Bottles at 2s. 6d. each ; in pints, Is. ; half
pints, 6d. each ; and in larger vessels at 6s. per Gallon.
Each Bottle will be accompanied with instructions for its dilution
and use. Concentrated Chloride of Zinc in use may be diluted with
200 times its quantity of water.
Orders executed by the Sole Agents, Messrs. Drew, Heyward, and
Barron, Bash-lane, Cannon-street.
Manufactured at H. G. GRAY'S, Commercial Wharf, Mile End,
London.

Mr. Acland's views did not exactly come to that.
The inhabitants of Southwark were in this extraordi-
nary position, that the city of London claimed them
for its own purposes, but refused to concede them the
rights of citizens ; and on the other hand, if Southwark
applied to the Privy Council for 'a charter of in-
corporation for itself, it would be told that it could not
obtain one because it formed part of the city of London.
I think it would be impossible, if the people of South-
wark were made citizens of London, that the low-lying
district of the metropolis would be efficiently drained ;
but if Southwark could have an independent munici-
pality, and Lambeth also had a similar municipality,
the whole of South London could then harmoniously co-
operate together in providing an effective system of
drainage and water supply.
The Chairman—Which alternative do you, therefore,
prefer.
Mr. Acland—Decidedly that Southwark should be
separated from the City of London. It would, how-
ever, be desirable to test the feeling of the inhabitants
of SouthWark on the subject. The City of London and
the county of Surrey exercised a concurrent jurisdiction
in Southwark.

MEDICAL ADVICE ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF
YOUTH AND MATURITY.

Mr. Cornewall Lewis—You know you have already
stripped them of the police, sewerage, water supply,
paving, and lighting. What other functions remain of
a municipal nature ?
Mr. Acland—The administration of justice. I think
you might entrust the appointment of the paid magis-
tracy to the municipality. They would be paid from the
local rates. I would assimilate the administration of
justice in the city of London to the practice which pre-
vailed in other cities throughout the country.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—Where a town is divided into
two boroughs, do you know if the system works harmo-
niously ?
Mr. Acland—My personal knowledge only extends to
the instance of Manchester and Salford, and there, I
believe, it works harmoniously.

Mr. C. Lewis—Does the metropolis appear to you too
large for one municipal corporation

Mr. Acland—lndeed it does.

The Chairmanr--Will you be good enough now to
make any observations you have to offer on the present
constitution of the corporate body of the city of London?
Mr. Acland—The corporation, I take leave to state,
is in bad odour among the inhabitants of the city of
London. Until the year 1835 the freemen of the city
were necessarily members of a company, or guild, but in
1834, subsequent to an inquiry, the corporation passed
an ordinance declaring that any person might acquire
his freedom under the direct -authority of their court,
without being primarily a member of any one of these
guilds. The position of a freeman ought to be a privi-
lege, but in the city of London it was not sn regarded.
Down to the year 1834 the fine on admission to the roll
Of the freemen of the city amounted, to 301. 12s. 6d.,
and from the year 1800 to 1834 the number of free-
men admitted annually was 1,000. Between 1835 and
1837 the redemption fine was reduced to 101. 12s. 6d. ;
it-was afterwards reduced still further, until it reached
the sum of 31. 6s. 4d., with the addition of 31. for the
stamp. During the years when the fine amounted to
101. 12s. 6d., the number admitted fell from 1,000 to
877 annually ; and in the last of the three periods, when
the fine had been reduced still lower, the number of
freemen annually admitted actually sunk to 350.
Mr. C. Lewis--To what do you attribute that result ?
Mr. Acland— To the bad odour in which the corpo-
ration has fallen, and the undesirableness of entering it,
in addition to the natural dislike of Englishmen to com-
pulsion in matters connected with their own interest.
The Court of Common Council had, at different times
resolved to force persons to take up their freedom, but
in this intention they had been obstructed by the Court
of Aldermen, the two bodies often pulling in opposite
directions in this matter. Last year the corporation
introduced a bill.into Parliament to put an end to any
further exercisp of the power of compelling occupiers
and shopkee.pers to become freemen before they would
be allowed to carry on their trade in the City; and for
the purpose of enfranchising 101. householders and abo-
lishing the levying of tolls. That bill was, however,
rejected in Parliament, by reason of the opposition of
the livery. The measure was a compromise between
the two branches of the corporation—the Court of
Aldermen agreeing to it because it did not seek to re-
form them, and the Court of Common Council thinking
it good so far as it went, and only defective in not deal-
ing with the Court of Aldermen. Nothwithstanding,
however, that the corporation had promoted such a
bill, they.had allowed their officers subsequently to
prosecute occupiers who had not taken up their
freedom. The wealthy companies, such as the Gold-
smiths' and Merchant Tailors', do not compel
the freemen exercising the handicrafts to take up
their freedom ; but the Butchers, Cooks, and other
small companies had recourse to such a pro-
ceeding for the purpose of increasing their funds.
In the months of March and April last, 4,032
occupiers, of whom I myself was one, were thus prose-
cuted in the Lord Mayor's Court, to make them take
up their freedom ; and many of the actions were suc-
cessful, and several poor occupiers had their goods
seized and sold to pay the expenses. Of these 4,032
persons prosecuted, it was found that 414 had already
taken up their freedom, at a cost of 31. ss. 6d. each ;
' 764 pleaded poverty, and were allowed an extension of
time for complying, for which indulgence they had,
however, to pay half-a-crown a head ; and 164 more
were privileged—that was, they were occupiers within
certain parts of the City, where the inhabitants are not
compelled to take up their freedom. Other 6.98 also
claimed exemption, on what ground was not stated ;
and 1,928 were either dead, removed, or contemptuous
Therefore it was clear that the corporation did not keep
a correct register, and did not know who composed its
own commonalty. The alderman had to sign a list of
the persons in their wards entitled to the municipal
franchise on the Ist of November, and the way in which
these lists were made out was by the beadles sending
round to ask the different inhabitants whether or not
they had ever taken up their freedom. Surely, with a
host of officials receiving salaries amounting to a total
of 100,0001. annually, the corporation ought to have a
correct muster-roll of its own commonalty.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—You say that before 1835 no
person could he admitted to the freedom of the City
without the intervention of a company, and that in that
year this condition was repealed. Do you know the
ground upon which that change was made ?

,
Common Council at all, in the present acceptation of
the term ; but I would rather reserve the question as to,
the best remedy until you have heard the whole case.
The Chairman—lt is very difficult to separate the
question as to the existing evils from all consideration
as to their remedy; but you can certainly take your owns
Mr. Acland—The interests of the members of the
•
Corporation and the interests of commerce are at issue.
For instance, the London Docks were opposed by the
Corporation because it thought they would interfere
with the dues which it levied upon ships.
The Chairman—Can you suggest any mode of con-
necting more closely the Corporation of London and the
great merchants of the City ?
Mr. Acland—Yes, but the Corporation is utterly ir-
remediable in its present state—it is an anti-commercial
body, and it refused to assist in the making of docks
when they were necessary, to accommodate the shipping
of the port of London. It opposed, at an expense of
i7n,tOrth./.ec,
.CthLiteyeew.xis_tenstoion of the Blackwall Railway to the.
City; and after it was beaten on that in the year 1845,
when the Direct Manchester line was projected, it re-
fused the application for permission to bring that railway
proceelled exeolvirufissii_voelnlysdofrintomnshottohueoldfloonuir)pitiolocsfeonbvielnlsi
id the cippositien you speak of pro-
ceed from thq Court of Aldermen or the Common
Council ?
Mr. Atland—l don't remember, but it could not have
Court of Common Council has the aldermen as a part of
its components.
Aldermen.ei nn t
p a_thatrl i The;a
a.
msnieManitlr.apffoCretetioLinneg the whole of the metropolis ...
Mr. Arland—lt is.

Mr. Acland—l assume that it was consequent upon
the municipal inquiry made by the previous commis-
sioners, who had expressed a strong feeling on the

course.

Mr. C. Lewis—And may not the City often be sup.
porting its own interests, while it is injuring the in•
terests of the rest of the metropolis ?

Mr. Arland—l believe that is often the case. The
corporation of the city represents but a small portion of
the: area and the population of the metropolis, and a
minority of the area and population and rateability even
of the city of London itself.

DR. SAMUEL LA'MERT, 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Doctor of Medicine, and Matriculated Member of the University of
Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical
Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c.
MAY be consulted, personally, or by letter, on
the various disorders of the nervous and generative system,
resulting from juvenile irregularities and excesses, which have 'pro-
duced more misery in youth, degradation in manhood, and prema-
ture decay at all stages of life, than perhaps any other class of dis-
eases known to modern pathologists. Long and practical experience
In the treatment of these diseases has proved that there are in exist-
once secret causes of self-acquired miseries and disappointed hopes in
and Constitutional
Unhappy
existence, traceable to certain pernicious habits, to which Nervous
Debility,
variouspo
and Unfruitful Marri-
agel. Weakness, and their
endless modifications owe their almost entire origin.
Impotency, foLrmsocaolf
It is absolutely necessary that all mcn should know that there are
principles of personal management which cannot be violated without
incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed
the heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties
may be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed,
and how the evil and its consequenc es may be avoided, and above all,
that there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional
derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure
DOCTOR LA'MERT has for a long series of years been engaged
in an extensive practice in the treatment of these delicate com-
plaints, and is the only legally qualified Physician who, regardless
of the taunts and envy of the hypocritical and mock-modest, has had
the confidence, through the medium of the public press, to direct
attention to these enormous ells, from which no grade of society is
tree. In selecting this department of practice, he has been amply
rewarded by the great success that has attended his efforts hi the
treatment of these cases, which are too generally confided to the
care of unqualified and ignorant empiries, who, with their pirated
publications, assumed foreign names and titles, and pretended virtues
of their patent nostrums, have inflicted serious injury on those who
have been induced to place faith in their pretensions.
At home for consultation daily from Eleven till Two, and from
Six till Eight. All letters must contain the fee of 1/., and advice and
medicines can be forwarded to any initials or address.
It is desirable that patients wishing to consult Dr. LAIMEIIT
hould first obtain a copy of his work on
SELF -PRESERVATION.
A Medical Treatise on the Philosophy of Marriage and Nervous and
Generative Debility, illustrated by fifty-coloured engravings, and des-
cribing in detail the various disorders resulting from secret habits and
excesses. The perusal of this treatise will assist in the correct
description of their cases, and may be had, price 2s 6d, in English,
French, Spanish, Dutch, Italian, or German, of Messrs. Piper
Brothers and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street;
Mann, 39, Conihill ; Storie. Titchborne-street, Haymarket; or free
by post for forty-two stamps, to any address from the Author's...e rebi-
donee, 37 Bwrosvoquent, LorPort.

The Chairmaa—Will you go to the next point, the
governing bodies ?

Mr. Acland--I would first call your attention to the
anti-commercial dues exacted in the City. The corn
metage alone last year amounted to 9,5961. The cor-
poration asserted a right to measure everybody's corn
by its own bushel, whether the owner wanted it mea-
sured or not.

LORD STANLEY'S VISIT TO LYNN. His lordship,
who came down here expressly to do honour to our naval
hero, Lieut. Gurney Cresswell, remained a little time in
the town on the following day, and took occasion to visit
the Athenaeum, with which pile of building his lordship
expressed himself highly gratified. Lord Stanley also
took steamer and passed through the new cut of the
Norfolk Estuary, and made himself as much as possible
acquainted with the details' of that great work oow in
progress.—Lynn Advertiser.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]— Fifty thousand Cures have been
effected by Du Barry's delicious RevalentaArabica Food,
without medicine, inconvenience, or expense (as it saves
fiftytimes its cost in other remedies).—"Twenty-five years'
nervousness, constipation, indigestion, and debility, from
which I had suffered great misery, and which no medi-
cine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
by Du Barry's Food in a very short time. W. R.
Reeves, Pool Anthony, Tiverton." " Eight years' dys-
pepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and
nausea, for which my servant had consulted the advice
of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's
delicious food in a very short time. I shall be happy
to answer any inquiries. Rev. John W. Flavel, Rid-
lington Rectory, Norfolk." "Three years' excessive
nervousness, with pains in my neck and left arm, and
general debility, which rendered my life very miserable,
has been radically removed by Du Barry's excellent
food. Alexs. Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skibbereen."
—" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency,
spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomittings, has
been removed by Du Barry's excellent food. Maria Jolly,
Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."— Copies of testi-
monials of 50,000 cures (including those of Lord Stuart
de Decies, Major-General Thomas King, Drs. tire,
Shorland, and Harvey (gratis). In canisters, with full
instructions, lib., 2s. 9d. ;" 21b., 4s. 6d. ; 51b., lls. ;
121 b., 225. ; super-refined, 51b., 225. ; 101 b., 335. The
101 b. and 121 b. carriage free. Barry Du Barry and Co.,
77, Regent-street, London; also, Fortnum, Mason, and
Co., purveyors to her Majesty, Piccadilly.

The Chairman—lf Southwark were separated from the
city of London, would it not pro tanto diminish the com-
mercial importance of the city of London ?

Mr. Acland thought the two were already practically
separated. The state of Southwark was a discredit to
the City as regarded the conservancy of the river's bank.
The City took all the dues upon a bank extending four
miles, but conceded none of the rights of citizenship.
The Chairman—Southwark is, as it were, an appur-
tenance of the city of London.

Mr. Acland should not like to call it so ; it was part
and parcel of the City, and formed a twenty-sixth alder-
manry.

The Chairman—ls it measured without there being a
sale?

Mr. Acland—lt is. An action had been pending for
the last 14 years, and it was still undecided, against the
house of Combe, Delafield, and Co'., because that firm
malted its barley out of London, and transferred it from
the malthouse to its brewery in its own barges, and the
corporation insisted on measuring it, although the firm
did not want it measured. The fellowship of porters
had also instituted an action against the same firm, to
recover 10,0001. for porterage which had never been
performed. The metage was so onerous an impost, that
to escape it cargoes were frequently sent away from Lon-
don, without breaking bulk, to the port of Liverpool,
there to be discharged. A toll of 2d. was also levied
upon carts belonging to non-freemen on entering the
City, and upon carts of freemen carrying the property
of non-freemen. These tolls amounted in 1852 to
5,1801., the sum received by the corporation from the
contractors ; and it was not extravagant to say that the
cost of collection and the contractors' profits raised the
sum exacted from the public to double that amount.
The inconvenience and stoppages caused to the traffic of
the city consequent upon the collection of such a large
sum in separate twopences could easily be imagined.
Before he left the question of the freemen, he ought to
have told them that the average constituency of each
Common Councilman was twenty-nine in some wards,
and as low as twelve in others ; and the average rate-
able property represented by each Common Councilman
was 1,943/., and in some wards as low as 7001. He
would now come to the third head of the inquiry—the
governing bodies, which were the Court of Aldermen,
the Court of Common Council, and the Court of Com-
mon Hall.

Mr. Cornewall Lewis—lf, in order to unite South-
wark to the City it would be necessary to separate it
from the county of Surrey, could that be done by a mere
ordinance of the Common Council.
Mr. Acland believed that the Court of Common Coun-
cil always had had the power of giving the ward of
13ridge-without those rights of municipal representation
which they had always witheld from it.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—lf you retained the present
boundaries of the city of London, and gave to South-
wark and Lambeth distinct municipalities, would you
leave the rest of the metropolis without organisation ?
Mr. Acland—He would grant municipal organisation
wherever it was desired, but force it nowhere. He would
concede municipal organisation to Southwark, Wutmin-

subject.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—But the resolution was passed
before the report of the commissioners was presented ?
Mr. Acland—Yes ; but the corporation possessed the
means of knowing the opinions of the commissioners

previously.
Mr. C. Lewis—Do you think it desirable that the mu-
nicipal franchise ought to be dependent on connection
with a trading company ?
Mr. Acland—No ; inasmuch as the trading companies
have lost their utility.
Mr. C. Lewis—At present the freemen are a mixed
body, some of them being members of companies, and
some not; would you propose that in future the franchise
should be altogether without reference to whether the
person is a member of a company or not ?
Mr. Acland—l think so, certainly ; but I am not
putting forth any particular scheme—l' would rather
that that should come as a necessary 'corollary. In the
Tower Ward—a very singular case—there are 604 mu-
nicipal voters on the list issued by the alderman, and
the number of persons rated at 101. is only 589 ; so that
not only are parliamentary electors who are not freemen
on the municipal list, but persons are on it who are not
101. occupiers. The whole system is an anomaly. There
are seven classes of freemen—viz., freemen of the corpo-
ration (that is, independent of any company), who are
not rated at 101, and therefore not municipal electors ;
freemen of the corporation who are rated at 101., but
who, not being on the parliamentary register, are not
municipal electors; freemen rated at 10/. who are on
the municipal register, and who are therefore municipal
electors ; then there are the freemen of the companies
who are not rated at 101., and therefore not on the par- ,
liamentary or municipal register ; then freemen of the
companies rated at 101., but not on the register, and not
intitled to be on the municipal register ; then freemen
of the companies who are liverymen and parliamentary
electors ; and freemen of the companies who are livery.
men, but residing beyond the seven miles, and not par-
liamentary electors. In the Queenhithe ward every 12
occcupiers send a member to the Court of Common
Council ; and in the Bread-street ward every 13 send a
member. In the latter ward there was once a contest,
and 6,0001. was spent over a scrutiny, by which the
number of votes was reduced to 11 for one side, and 10
for the other. Such a system clearly could not last, and
must undergo extensive alteration in order to ensure
proper municipal government.
The Chairman—Do you think it desirable to diminish
the number of Common Councilmen ? h
Mr, Acland—lt is very desirable greatly to diminish
the number of the representative body.
b
The Chairman—Retain
City, what de you think s ptrehesepnrtopleimr
number
m of
rf the?
should b thee
Mr. Aclaud—l am not sure that there should be a k
hinog

, .
'--------_ #l/ p.-f
---2,--s• , _ --- V, _.2 , /7' •
7," ---_-/,
-,-- _-4--,-;-7------,6
\ \
-- sutra better class of men, act as
1 a •-...., *,./ : - iik.4,
'-'1.14147---- PI , Ittiz
_ ~-• '.,7.- - -11 - -'ii. yr r.:- .y. , , (..
--,
' \ • , '--
- -,---- r', 4 -, ?('' - "N ,e, ---:. -
bilateral guarantee
,:t.--,„ 4;.--, • - r 4t4,e, r
/ ~. against the probability, if not possibility, of the re.
. 04-7,,,.
.." 0
Se - r c..pitzo , " '.:
t, r. -f.' 1i& • firLc A ''''.
•\,,,,,,,
' 4 ✓To,
. , '.... _;.!:, 1: li i %)
i
- --••- --"-• -, currents of such practices.
~ I ...st; "..+ ' ' -v ,
...* -'4'' .'"' .' .'*'
- ... It. - - , .., t2.1,:-.7 ;,....,;,,,L,,ini 3, The Chairman—Do you t ink it would be ossiblez to
ati, j V
1\
' 1- • '"I r..:)<")(„/ ~, ,s•gjj-- f'f4, -
~..., --izz...!,tiki-, ~, ~, • ~.. _ . , .0, .; .. .1 --.0iL,„.....- • -;.4`,`"*. .—.. '4 ..,.., i..., :.,
~... --,1„....., -
in4uce the higher class of merchants.;' 41iFilf,ett
~,,
itrf4 s--4,ie- l'iili ,/ I-Fri° - ‘..-.> ' _Di? }
. , ----......__
~ '
___ t the office of alderman.loto .
4:,,,t,,,,144..1.h71.13.„,
,:...).:,
\k-.-!,,4,,.4..*.v.,„2 / 44 ' ).N. .47---,- ,O''r* ••,_ ~.____.,..7 '-'•'l' , ''''‘
,-.:". • • .4 . ---
~,,,, -....,,_ ~... ,-._._
~.„....,., ---- ~..........aiiii.ka....-,,,
.. _ . . . , . .. , . ___ , , .... ....
,„,1,,,,- ...„ _-.
__ ___ _________
a I, :
__ --__________
—_
1:. 1ti.14,t,..
..,,..„...i ...i.E,.., ,
____
lIIWC-.2115/VIS,
t . fa'4- ' 14.
'S
''
. 0
. ___
-.CIMINKEr.M.SaiMILMIMPOmmiIaeCE.2.._
i PRICE SD.
____-- -- Y EVENING, N 0 V_EiIIBER 2, 1853.
.. • .
..
1
- - —.--- —;.—..
WEDN ESD, A
. . .
1 CORPORATION OP THE CITY OF -
1 ,-1- L 7 5 .
,1110 EN Ds
IiORINIT c
LONDON. r. • .-1-:-... 11f"...1.:*.. ~. ,') ,""f

Mr. Acland—No, I do
lit
oift
thes obhaizhdaenracmlaes,seas ? and such
class of merchants would
The Chairman—Bat sup
office were removed by tilt.
made, what do you think would
Mr. Acland—l believe if the circumstances, of much-
pal government in the City were so altered as that none
of the bad odour which now attaches to the corporation
would, attach to them in the opinion of their fellow-
citizens, that then there would be a disposition on the
part of a higher class of men to accept municipal office.
The Chairman—You think they might be induced to
spare the time and direct the attention necessary for ful-
filling the duties of the office ?
Mr. Acland—l do.
The Chairman—Have you any other observations to
make tin this head?

Mr. Acland —The Court of Aldermen is an irrespon-
sible body, being elected for life, and I think it uncoil•
stitutional that it should have the power of voting away
large sums of money without the consent of the Court
of Common Council.
7,7
The Chairman—What term of years do you 004sider-,3
would be sufficient for the tenure of the office of alder-
man ?

Mr. Aclaud—l would do away with the office of alder-
man altogether.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis--Do you see any,advantagem
the distinction between the Court of Aldermen and.tbe
Court of Common council, as compared with the ordi-
nary forms ofthe town councils of other municipal corgi
porations ?
Mr. Acland—None whatever.: In theory the Court
of Common Council, being the representative body,
holds the purse-strings ; but ,in practice, the Court of
Aldermen Tote away _public money- without confirma-
tion by the Court of Common Council, as they last year
vpted away 36,0001., for instance.
The Chairman—Would you merge the Court of Alder-
men in the Court of Common Council in the case of'the
corporation of London as in the case of other municipal
boroughs ?

Mr. Acla,nd—l would certainly get rid of the Alder-
men as a separate legislative body. It would be pre-
ferable to merge the two bodies into one, than to leave
them separate as they exist now.
Mr. C. Lewis—Is the Court of Aldermen not eon•
sidered principally as the executive body, and the Court
of Common Council as principally the legislative body
Mr. Acland—lt may be so principally, but each of the
bodies assumes both legislative and executive functions
in turn. The Court of Aldermen vote annuities to
the daughters of Aldermen, who fail and become poor,
and one inducement to become an alderman is that,
should he ever be reduced, there is the office of chamber-
lain with a good salary, which may be open to him. The
Court of Common Council can vote money without the
confirmation Court of Aldermen,without the
and the Courtation
of the
f
The Chairman—Supposing that the Court of Common
Council held the control over the expenditure, if the
o Alderman
Courtof
of can
c theo
m d o
m to hne
Council.
body should be too large to manage the- details of the
accounts, would you appoint a committee from their
number for the transaction of such business ?

Mr. Acland—Sach detailed management must always
be imposed either on a small body or upon properly
qualified officers. Whatever might be the munipical
body which was given to the city of London, those who
represented and were responsible to the constituency
ought to be intrusted with the expenditure of the funds.
The chairman here stopped the further examination of
the witness, and said that, as it was then four o'clock,
the commissioners would adjourn the inquiry until next
day (Wednesday).
Adjourned accordingly.

)SE OP THE DUBLIN EXHIBITION.

On Monday the last scene of the splendid drama
enacted in Dublin during the last six months, was
brought to a close, and the Great Exhibition' of 1853 is
among the things that were. All that now remains to
the general public is the exterior of the building, in
which so many hundreds of thousands have derived in-
struction and amusement, and from which it is to be
hoped, will yet spring up results of the gravest import-
ance to Ireland and Irishmen. The attendance on Mon-
day, notwithstanding the increased price of admission,
was unprecedentedly numerous. This was not to be
wondered at, but it may appear somewhat strange, when
it is stated that a large proportion of the visitors was
composed of peasant., and artisans. The most crowded
period was from two to four o'clock, when the season
ticket holders flocked in to witness the closing scene,
and take one final look at some of the favourite objects
of the superb collection. It was announced that a cere-
monial, accompanied by a grand musical performance
would take place at three o'clock ; and long before that
hour the great hall and galleries were filled almost to suf-
focation, 'rendering it nearly impossible for those who had
passed their time in inspecting the treasures of the place to
secure even standing room in the central part of the
building.

The ceremonial was similar to that which took place
at the opening of the Exhibition, in May last. The
semicircular space beneath the great organ was converted
into an orchestra, and accommodated upwards of 500
performers, under the able leadership of Mr. Joseph
Robinson. A dais, covered with scarlet cloth, was erected
in front of the orchestra, and thereon stood two hand-
some chairs for the accommodation of the Lord-Lieu-

titledm m ed ia
a te
and
distinguished
ihloie immediate
bands which came to
assistpdt eeariiissaonlnvti personages, entehsd,ae Lady
laadryges;
orchestrale van neurdma li number
emrt
performances.

At a quarter before three o'clock, the cheering outside
a nCo nu on ut
sc
se d;
atnh ade
m pmper
do
iaacthe
yo f the
after
theirE x e
l Lord-Lieutenantleneie and
Countess; and immediately after their Excellencies en-
by the grand entrance, preceded by Alderman Roe,
Mr. Dargan, and the other: members of the Exhibition
Committee. As soon as they entered the Great Hall
the military bands struck up the National Anthem, and
the vast assemblage burst into one hearty and enthusi-
astic cheer, which made the walls and roof of the build-
ing ring again. The cheering continued at short inter-
vals until his Eicellency reached the dais, when still
more vehement acclamations broke forth, no small pro-
portion of which were evidently intended for Mr. Dargan.
His Excellency then took his seat on the dais, the Coun-
tess of St. Germans occupying the seat immediately on
his left. The Right Hon. the Lord Chancellor, the
Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, and the other distinguished
perSonages also took up the positions assigned them.
Among those present we noticed the Provost of Trinity
College, Lord Talbot do Malahide, Lord Massareene,
Lord Ward, Lord Dunboyne, Sir Edward and Lady
Blakeney, Sir Edward M'Donnell, the Earl of Bective,
Sir John Young, the Marchioness of Londonderry, Co-
lonel Pennefather, William Dargan, Esq., Viscountess
Gort, Colonel Browde, Colonel Eden, the Attorney-
General, Sir John Benson, the members of the com-
mittee, &c. )
His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant then arose from
his seat, and Mr. C. P. Roney, the active and energetic
secretary of the Exhibition, having been introduced by
Alderman Roe, his Excellency desired him to kneel for
the purpose of receiving the honour of knighthood. Mr.
Roney having obeyelthe request, his Excellency touched
him with a sword, and said, "Rise, Sir Cusack Patrick
hartmilyise,v gmerrmi
otherl)arga friends. a
Roney," whereupon a loud and hearty cheer proceded
from the assembled multitude, who thus evinced their
approbation of the honour conferred upon the
ctalentedon
n heartily
and committee,
secretary, worthy
oftthe
Knightm executiverwa
.
ros e
eoae
Roney was subsequently introduced
tguelnatiteedin bya .
the chairman"e
to the Earl and Countess of
his
Ladytheir brotherfelcitations.
St. Germans, to receive
His Excellency then came
forward, and in a clear dis-
tinct voice said.
"I cannot declare the Great Industrial
1853 to be closed Without
the health, expressing an earnest wish for
happiness and prosperity of the man to whom
we are all indebted for the instruction we have received
from the many productions of art and nature which
are
contained within these walls. I also desire to acknow-
ledge the liberality of the owners of those treasures for
permitting them to be exhibited. Let me also pay a
tribute of praise to the committee; the secretaries, and
the other officers connected with it, for the zeal, the
assiduity, and the intelligence with which they have dis-
charged their many duties. Lastly, let me, in the name
of this assembly, offer to Almighty God our heartfelt
thanks for having blessed and prospered this undertaking.
I now declare this Exhibition to be closed." His Excel-
lency concluded by calling for three cheers for Mr. Dar-
gan. (Loud and prolonged applause.)
A Voice.—A cheer for the Lord Lieutenant. (Loud
cheers,)
This part of the ceremonial being concluded, the
National Anthem was performed by the organ and
orchestra, assisted by the military bands, after which
their Excellencies retired,, at half-past three o'clock, ac-
companied by the committee to the grand entrance, and
in the course of another hour the gay throng separated,
and left the building, the entire ceremonial occupying
only one hour.