The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-02 00:00:00

London: 11. Balliere, 219, Regent-street.

~., .g..,...,,t *UNIVERSALLY APPROVED ATTIRE
due
,Laking into account the infinite diversity of tastes, pursuits;
,s'ideli troili and stations, in society, the establishment which pro.
-ary rtie Universally' approved attire must possess very extraordi-
,_ ,sourcei. ' '
lhet"e° gigantic arrargementi made by E. MOSES' and SON for the
hen,,tetL'eason are equaLto every demand, and the vast stock of the
lift c,llateitils a'sociated with the most talented workmanship
ettb° „Illee the celebrity so long erjoyed by E. MO •ES an SON.
hllivjr 'lllorting Dreis manufactured by E. mdgEs and SON is
fore an, ainiroved for Fashion, Comfort, and
"approved Economy:
N 4 Winter Clothing and overcoats are univ.erially
The ~,,;•03,-,-• Style, .and general superiority.
islll,l .'' flubs' and Children's attire made by E. MOSES and SON
the. eitver„rBBll3. approved; for it is the neatest, most substantial, and
The "Dest.
rq,,,.°lllciel Costumes made by E. MOSES and SON are approved
slfish, act uniformity agreeable to prevailing regulations, inimitable
t, Tti; 71111 economical charges
IX:1N are Caps, and Hosiery Goods offered by E. MOSES and
,"!_e the most highly finished articles watch can be procured,
11ni,:,7 beets and Shoes manufactured by E. MOSES and SON are
taigeltyy admitted to be superior to and far cheaper than any ob-
' 44,1Yhera., , , , •
41 ,132 r
and Outfits for the,,Colonied prepared by E. MOSES
"'face,- 4re approved by all Shippers find Ernigrants,', in. cerise-.
410,132 r their' being liertectly. suited to the present wants of the
°Vlir, '/'' "Ild are infinitely cheaper than at any other establiih-
nnifi 1,. 1.. ' • _ . .. . . .
1-reru-s,B of Outfits for Ladies and' Gentlemen, and ship-Sailing
„,Situ,it°,°. May be had en application or postfree. .' . . ~
rtrlie ,&.,.`-'si.--.E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard
ithe
3,,,ef._,henr,°A till Position, having learned that the untradesman-dk ft,
th-„,", am ~_ - Being connected with their Establishment,' or " It's
°-,,,..ioiserZ`corn." has been resorted to in many instances, and for
"0 (Jn,;"°011. they beg to state that they ,have
• -"LEgoN WITH ANY OTHER HOTISE IN OR ODT OF LONDON,
1,44 d ,e,,l,CePt their own Establishments, as, follows.:- . . . .
~.,8,,-, a°n-ir City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83,
l'ericlo;,',". Aldgate, opposite the, Church, all communicating. , -
,anti; 7 est-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, Now Oxford-street, 1, 2
Bradf,,,, dart-street, all communicating.
811trupr'-',Crorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street.
Cele,tilal it'tittch, 36, Fargate. , .
28tereh."?.,.ralleh,-Mclbou no, Australia. ~
'ne tits''',"' rano., Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and
latrer.3, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentienien. 1
f,haunzhedettlittaN:o•ll-. Should any article not give satisfaction, it will be
110 f-- If desired. or if referred, the money will be returned
horn wilt . Ali goods!) are marked in plain figures, the- lowest'
ihe i-,.,,t.. ch ne abatement can be made.
-ha,' -""118./lMents are closed from sunset Friday to sunset on
Ys, when business i resumed till 12 o'clock. ,
I "v
13°°1t. `"rtt ess
s f Comfort andECoaomy,” contain-
re lists of • e ZPithnie'e
r.iii
e had , Prices, oar system of self-measurement, &c., &c.,
On adannillmarganleation, or, post-free.
deation. ac for t ie year ending 1853 can be had gratis,
I NI,
Palle Francais Qui si parla Italian."
-.....„..,r srrieht man Deutsch. Aqua so habla Espan°
T.; SECRET CAUSES OF SELF-ACQUIRED MISERIES
AND DISAPPOINTED HOPES. .
THE SILENT FRIEND. ti Cc_ In Six Languages-Fiftieth Edition. • '
ilstr,trAlNlNG THE REMEDY FOR PREVENTION OF DISEASE.
l'Z ' by P4O 4undred Anatomical Coloured Engravings and
e*311.t., .
...I, ~ enlarged to 200 pages, price 2s. 6d., by post, from the
TIE Establishment, 3s. 6d. in stamps, -
ex„ thSLENT FRIEND a Medical Work on
ino,;Nliv,austion and physical decay (lithe system, produced by
inxfery. ;11gence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of
Areri by ob,i directions for the use of the preventive lotion, fol-
Qtveht ti --'N'ations on Marriage, and the-disqualifications which
teat ati• d'l's.trated bj 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and .L.
„r°lv,,taendniti.. Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
bs.fli j.-,1 hod iiPublished by Sherwood and Co., '23, Paternoster-
"fa '6. L -71aimay 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Gor-
Ctn eadei , ,
P4V. treh...,arall-street; 95, Farringdo'n-streetSutton, 10,
Nail,' I. tre;rs ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; It Johnson, 68, Cornhill. .
and I in 'the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive,
l- ITSt 2 rated by 28 Coloured Engravings. •
-se • treats
i,sentiti . and ta the consequences resulting from gfaiiit itild b4dir lamentable effects on the system,producing
ihen;itt3;,. • inusr3;treakness, nervous excitement, and generative
the *NI 't• treat. :ed by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
i their tr_ err or sect`he diseases resulting from infection, either in
hes, , fetnient.rry form, and contains explicit directions for
m I".t.ii,, 1 ' section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav-
ihAle Ir. enniat
31 N'.
ta,q,emedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
It,: 3111N,' 8 devote; hich the danger of infection is obviated.
',feet .B et inipr ' to'.he consideration of marriage and its duties.
1 Tliz `fleshy a Muftlre union are also considered, and the whole
h tr (-Pit 'd phil) phically inquired into.
per eaftno, i, is, t so
4, hottt; new a 'l-. V. OF AYRI %CUM is exclusively employed
,3,‘.t, edy, ro•connel genial debility, impotence, &c., Ils and 31s.
I),t7hin, r DurifyinOeutrtted Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
fir,
A,lll4l44o:nritetiin. remteeties.%:
1,,,,_ le, ;,ertintion, ande blood in cases of infection, secondary
eh' hex ' erys e ' tie abuse of mercury, its. and 335,
',vont • a e i'lifyin
had
agt ileo.:nehati,atebsteiht,trsiet
f,cEta
ndbusyt
ar el
letter.
per
stnlbt" 844 e detail' °f
pti andiet
seahrl.,.
rc iaiy.7 If.
peatotthe _
vyiPerslfadoetht•filitsaegdrorvi.Fengiocel(uirl:ro,riltonedce24:lt9d. , 4s. 6d.. 1 1
s.
I.de,ati4tmalteittlYanweitle:-Il_the fee, It , is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons,
-'0`114.7 Eleva, rtilY, at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street Lon-
' ' t 0 94114 ''''' Tvflils and Five to Eight; on Sunday. from

StOtTRITY TO EMPLOYERS.
ro Secretaries of Paolic Institutioricelerks, Statioti•Ma/tera, Rail

way Ofticials, Bankers' Clerks, Traiaßers; and ()triers.
IMES LIFE ASSURANCE and GITARAN
-
A TEE COWANY, 32, Ludgate-hill, Londpn. Incorporated
under 7 and &Victoria, cap. 110. . • ,
HONORARY PRESIDENTS.

CHARLES HINDLET, Esq., M.P., Dartmouitr-house, Westminster.
JAMES, KERSHAW, Esq., 4.P.; Stockport.
•
TRUSTEE. ,
James Alexander Douglas, Esq., 11, Queen-square.
Ambrose 'Metre, Esq., Endsleigh-street, Tavistock-square.
James Nisbet, Esq., Berners-street,'Oxford-street. •
CHAIRMAN—The Hon. Francis Villiers; Berkeley-square.
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN -James Wyki.,; Esq., Charing-cross.
" The Times',' Company affords guarantee to persons requiring the.
same at the lowest Possible rate, and divides foiir-flths of the Profits.
Thus, by applying the justly popular principle of mutuality to public
guarantee, the premiums, instead being a tax upon honesty, be-
come a means of saving and investment.
Rates :-.From 7s. lid. nowards. No charge for stamps or extra
charges. An allowance made in the guarantee premium, where a
life assurance and guarantee arc combined.

LIFE ASSURANC!,:,

Life assurance, annuities, and endowments. Payments taken
monthly as well as quarterly, &c. Policies indisputable, save in
cases of fraud. Arrangements can be made with this office to pre-.
ventthe loss of a policy where the assured is tumble, from temporary
embarrassment, to keep up the payments."
H. B. SHERIDAN, Msnager.

GUARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE
VVIf .A.*SI.II4.ANCE C4IIIPANY. ,
• - No. 11, Lombard-street,' London. •

DIRECTORS.
Sir WALTER R. FARQUHAR, Bart.; Chairman.
FRANCIS HART DYKE, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
Henry Hulse Bereqs, Esq. Stewart Matjoribanks, Esq.
John Dixon, Esq. John Nlartin,Esq., M.P.
Sir W. M. T; Farquhar,' Bart. Rowland Mitchell, Esq.
Thos.Hankey,jun.,Esq ; M.P. James Morris, Esq:
John Harvey, Esq. Henry _Norman, Esq.
John G. Hubbard, Esq. Henry R. Reybolds,Jun., Esq.
George Johnstone,i Esq. • John Thornton; Esq.
John Labouchere, Esq. • James TillToph, Esq.
John Loch, 'Esq. Henry
.Vigrie Esq.
, .
AUDITORS.
A. W. Robarp, Esq. Henry Sykes Thotnton, Esq.
Lewi4 Lloyda-uu.; Esq. • I John Henry Smith, Esq.
• SEcaxpoix—Cieorge Keys, Esq. •
Acrunar=Griffith Davies, Esq., F.R.S.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.-:-Endet: the provisions of an Act of Par-
liament, this Company 'now offers to future insurers Four-fifths of
the Profits, with Quinquennial Division, or a Low.ltate of Premium
without participation of Profits.
The next diviSion of Profits will he declared in June, 1855, when
all participating Policies which Shall have Subsisted at least one year
at Christmas 1554, will be allowed to shire in the Profits.
At the seveTal,pasicliiiisiOns of Profits made by this Company, the
Reversionary Bonuses added to the Policies from' that-half the
Profits amounted, on an average of the _different ages, to about One
per Cent. per Annum on the sums insured, and the total Bonuses
added at the Four Septennial Divisions exceeded 770,0001.
FOREIGN RISKS.—;-The Extra Premiums. required for the East
and West Indies. the British Colonies, and the northe3n parts of the
United states of America, have been materially reduced.
INVALID LIVES.--Persons who are not in such sound health as
would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular Premiums,
may have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums.
LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro-
vided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have
attained in each case a value not under 501.
ASSIGNMENTS OF POLICIES.—Written Notices of, received
and re•rtstered.

Medical fees paid by the Company, and rto charge Made for Policy
Stamps. r , ,
FIRE DEP-A.ATNiE*T.—lnsurance eirecied- ev'ery descrip-
tion of pmparty.at the usatl rates. •'

THE MOST .CERTAIN PREVENTT6N or '6Addh AVER
DISCOVERED.-
THE —l$,F-eS .-and •- CHEA.PST-.
FECTING FLUW is CREW'S IMPROVED CHLORIDE.
of ZINC; for the purlficatilni of Divelling-bouies, Stables; Dog Ken-,
nets, Ship's Holds, Cesspools, Drains, Water-closets. the Disin-
fection' of Sick Roomsi• Clothing; Linen; and .!for,•the 1I renention of
Contagion.
• . Chloride of Zinc, as the best Disinfecting and purifying agent, is
now* entablished`beyond• all Clotibt, It is' perfectly' harmless in its'
application Land istndxious in itself. ,pride at Which it hes
hitherto bon sold . has prevented its genet* wig; to obviate this
obstacle to its , universal application as a disinfectMg and purifying
agent, the present manufacturer, who was many yehrs with Sir W.
Burnett's Company, has 'arranged to supply, the public with concen-•,
trated Chloride of Zinc in its greatest parity and at the lowest price:
It is sold. by all Chemists and Shipping Agents in the United King-
cloth, in Imperial Quart Botties at 2s. td, each ; in pints, is. ; half
pints, Gd. each ; and in larger vessels at 6s. pet Gallon.
Each Bottle win be accompanied with:instructions for its dilution
and use. Coneentrated Chloride of Zinc in Use May he 'diluted with
200 times its quantity of water. ,
Orders execuied'by the Sole 'Agents, hfesgrs:Dre*,'lleywatd, and.
Barron, Bksh-lano, Canncin•street.
M4nufactured at 11. G. GRAY'S, Co4nerciat Mine, Milo. End,
London. •
• . • • •
, .

MEDICAL ADVICE' ON THE SECRET MITIES. OF
_pi nk
YOUTH AND MA'l'Ula.'sYt • • •
DR. SAMUEL. LA'DIERT, 37, BEDFORDISQUARE4 LONDON,'
Doctor of Medicine, and:Matriculated Member of the University of
Edinburgh, Honorary' Member of the LOndon Hospital Medical
Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall,' Ltifidefi; &é., Etc.
AY be consulted; perscm'ally, orHby letter., on
the various disorders. of the nervous. and generative system,
resulting from juvenile irregularities and excesses, 't hick have pro-
duced more misery in youth, degradation in manhood, and prema-
ture decay At all stages of life, than perhaps any other class of dis-
casea known to Modern pathologists. -Long and practical experience
in the treatment of these diseases has proved that there are in exist-
ence secret causes of self-acquired tniserles,and disappointed hopes in
existence, traceable to certain pernicious 'habits, to which Nervous
Debility, various formS of Insanity, Unhappy and Unfruitful Marri-
ages, Impotency, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and their
endless modifications owe their almost entire origin.
It is absolutely necessary that all men should know that there are
principles of personal management which Cannot be violated without
incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdoin and regret succeed
the heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties
may be mitigated, bow the sting of their bitterness may be removed,
and how the evil and iticonseqUenc es Mayte avoided, and above all,
that there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional
derangementto which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure
DOCTOR LA'MERT has for a long series of years been engaged
in an extensive practice in the treatment of these delicate com-
plaints, arid.is the only legally qualified Physician who, regardless
'of the taunts andenvy of the hypocritical and mock-modest, has had
the confidence,' through the medium of the public press, to direct
attention to these enormous evils, from which no grade of society is
tree. In 'selecting thi' department of practice, he has been amply
rewarded by the great success that has attended his efforts in the
treatment of these cases, which are too generally confided to the
care of unqualified and ignorant empirics, who, with their pirated
publications, Assumed. foreign names and titles, and pretended virtues
of their patent nostrums; have inflicted serious injury on those who
have been induced to place faith in their pretensions..
At home for consultation daily from Eleven till Two, and from
Six till Eight. All letters must contain the fee of li, and advice and
medicines can he forwarded to any initials or address.
It is desirable that patients' wishing to consult Dr, LA'MERT
hould first obtain a copy of his work on •
SELF•PRESERVATION. •
A Medical Treatise on the Philosophy of Marriage and Nervous and
Generative Debilits, illustrated by fifty-coloured engravings, and des-
cribing in detail the various disorders resulting from secret habits and
excesses. The perusal of this 'treatise will assist in the correct
lescription of their cases, and may be had, price 2s m
6de,,isnrsEnig.l,ipsher,
French, Spanish, Dutch, Italian, or German, of
Brothers and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street;
Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Storie, Titchbome-street, Haymarket; or free
by post for fbrty-twostamps, to any address from the Author's Tea-
Asuce• BlitrillOVlPLare LOIVON.

(From the Times.)
The fact strikes us as somewhat strange that at
the same moment a contest identical in spirit and in
tactics should be in progress on the banks of the
Danube and in the manufacturing districts of
England. The Russian Czar and the English
operative equally place their reliance upon the ex-
haustion of their opponents. There is in either case
the same injustice of the original demand, and that
demand it is sought to enforce in either case by
precisely similar means. Either belligerent seems
to lose sight of the important truth that he is play-
ing with a double-edged sword, which strikes him
who wields it with the most terrible effect.
Granted that it is to be a contest of the longest
purse, can the Russian Emperor in the long run
expect to match his resources and his credit against
those of united Europe ? Equally so with the ope-
rative—can he entertain any reasonable expectation
that the funds which the committees and associations
are able, to raise under the pressure of the present
feverish excitement can hold out against the capital
of manufacturing England ? That the manufacturers
may suffer grievous damage we deny not for one
moment. Many a princely concern may be shorn
of its proud proportions ; much business may be
transferred from the English manufacturing dis-
tricts to the shores of foreign countries; but what
profit the operatives see for themselves in such a
result we are wholly at a loss to discover. They
may,feel well assured that the battle has at length
been accepted in the spirit in which it has been
offered. The manufacturers are well aware that it
is not now a question of an advance, more or less
considerable, in the rate of wage. The question
between employers and employed resolves itself
now into the very simple one—which of the two,
for the future, shall assign the proportions to be
observed between wages and profits ? If this most
vital point should be decided against the manufac-
turer, and he should not be able to attract fresh
and untainted hands to his mill, one alternative
only remains for him, which is, to wind up his
concerns with all convenient speed, and to transfer
his capital, his skill, and his energy to other
trades—and, if need be, to foreign lands. There
is no particular reason of which we are aware why
millowners should sacrifice their fortunes and the
best endeavours of their lives for the sake of
others. If a man should desire to establish a cot-
ton-mill to-morrow, he would naturally take into
account the vicissitudes in the price of the raw
material, the varying rates of freight, the price of
labour, the probable vents for his wares in different
quarters of the globe, the contingencies of bad
debts and delayed payments, and the wear and tear
of his machinery and stock in trade. It is difficult
enough to form an accurate judgment upon all
these points, even under ordinary conditions ; but,
if the intending manufacturer should be informed
that the rate of wages is to be a matter wholly be-
yond his control, he would simply be a madman if
he engaged in the pursuit. What applies to the
intending manufacturer equally applies to him who
has already embarked his capital in the trade. It
may give a heavy blow to his fortunes to escape
from his luckless vocation ; but, at any cost, the
thing must be done, for every day makes his case
worse, and; brings him nearer and nearer to the
brink of'l,neyitable ruin.
We publish this day a letter signed " An Em-
ployer," which will sufficiently inform our readers
of the present condition of affairs in the Pres-
ton district. The unwilling seceders are coerced
to follow in the steps of the agitators and the
agitating committees. Concession after concession
on the part of the masters has been met by demand
after demand on the part of the operatives. Can
we wonder that at length they hold their hands
and refuse to give the last stroke to their own
stability ? It appears that in the district of which
we are speaking there is a varying rate of wage.
Some masters give more, some less, but all are
equally required to make good a further advance
of 10 per cent. The name of one firm is men-

tioned—that of Birley Brothers—who are at pre-
sent at variance with their workpeople. The
dispute arose with regard to one particular kind
of cloth, for which the firm had been in the habit
of paying Bd. They offered to advance to 81d.—
a small fraction under the 10 per cent. claimed.
The offer was refused. It was not the extra
farthing which was wanted, but the absolute con-
. tri over the amount of wages. A second case is
that of Mr. J. Naylor. His operatives in March
last received an advance. They expressed them-
selves perfectly • satisfied with the arrangement,
even until four days before the recent strike.
When their employer offered to yield to their fur-
ther importunity, and to make an additional con-
cession, which, taken together with the amount of
the
.advance in March, would make up the 10 per
cent. additional now claimed, again this offer was
refused. ' But we must not confine the illustration
simply to two firms. It appears that 'the Masters'
Association met some short time back, and agreed
to yield to the demand of the workpeople so far as
'to give them an advance " not exceeding" 10 per
cent. The qUalification was, of course, introduced
to *meet the cases of those employers who had al-
ready made an advance in their rate of wages.
This universal concession was, in the first instance,
accepted with great satisfaction by the workpeople.
They were not, however, independent agents; 'and
found themselves under the necessity of consulting
their committees and directors. Upon consulta-
tion had, the concession which in the first instance
had been so gladly accepted was universally
rejected. The operatives either struck, or gave
the required notice. Then it was that the Masters'
Assothation met, and resolved to form themselves
into a body for mutual defence. The consequence
we now seo in the shape of the continuous strike
on one side, and the closed mills on the other.
We feel a most perfect assurance that nothing
will ever induce the masters to acquiesce in the
terms of the men in their present form. They will
rather suffer themselves to be driven from the
trade than consent to carry it on under the condi-
tions with which they are threatened. This is one
possible result of the agitation. Already, from
the other side of the Atlantic, we receive the first
proofs of mechanical genius as applied to agricul-
ture and to various objects of great practical use in
daily life. Surveys have been diligently taken of
the coal fields in the North American continent.
The one favourable point which has hitherto given
us and maintained for us the lead was the cheaper
rate of wage paid in the British Isles. If this, too,
is to be turned against the British manufacturer,
we may well look forward to the time when we shall
be exporting our iron for the use of foreign work-
' men. But the first and most inevitable conse-
quence of the extinction of British manufactures
would be the disappearance from the earth of the
`race of English operatives and artisans. They are
.the children of the power-loom and spinning-jenny,
and, by the activity or idleness of the English mills
they stand or fall.
We are well aware that it will never come to this.
In the stern presence of starvation and misery in
their direst shapes the operatives must needs give
way. Every hour during which they remain in
their present false position they alienate from them-
selves the sympathies of the public, and when they
do return to sobriety of thought, they have nothing
to expect but a settlement more and, more unfavour-
able, and conditions yet more harsh.

LOUD STANLEY'S VISIT TO LT/4TN. His lordship,
who' came down here expressly to do honour to our naval
hero, Lieut. Gurney Cresswell, remained a little time in
the town on the following day, and took occasion to visit
the Athenaeum, with which pile of building his lordship
expressed himself highly gratified. Lord Stanley also
took steamer and passed through the new cat of the
Norfolk Estuary, and made himselfas much as possible
acquainted with the details of that great work oow in
progress.—Lynn Advertiser.
[AnvEnTismstENTl—Fifty thousand Cures have been
effected by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food,
without medicine, inconvenience, or expense (as it saves
fiftyitimes its cost in other remedies). "Twenty-fiveyears '
nervousness, constipation, indigestion, and debility, from
which I had suffered great misery, and which no medi-
cine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
by Du Barry's Food in a very short time. W. R.
Reeves, Pool Anthony, Tiverton." "Eight years' dys-
pepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and
nausea, for which my servant had consulted the advice
of many, have been effectually removed by Da Barry's
delicious food in a very short time. I shall be happy
to answer any inquiries. Rev. John W. Flavel, Rid-
lington Rectory, Norfolk." "Three years' excessive
nervousness, with pains in my neck and left arm, and
general debility, which rendered my life very miserable,
has been radically removed by Du Barry's excellent
food. Alexs. Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skibbereen."

—" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency,
spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomittings, has
been removed by Du Barry's excellent food. Maria Jolly,
Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."—Copies of testi-
monials of 50,000 cures (including those of Lord Stuart
de Decies, Major-General Thomas 'King, Drs. Tire,
Shorland, and Harvey (gratis). In canisters, with full
instructions, 11b., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d. ; 51b., lls. ;
121 b., 225. ; super-refined, 51b., 225. ; 101 b., 335. The
101 b. and 121 b. carriage free. Barry Du Bar_ry and Co.,
77, Regent-street, London; also, Fortnum, Mason, and
1 Co., purveyors to her Majesty, Piccadilly,

The commission appointed to inquire into the state o
corporation of the city of London, sat yesterday at the
offices of the Treasury, in Downing-street. The
commissioners present were, Mr. Labouchere (the chair-
man), Mr. Cornwall Lewis, and Sir John Patteson.
The entire sitting was occupied with the examination of
Mr. James Ackland, secretary to the city of London
Municipal Reform Association.
Mr. Ackland, having been sworn at his own request,
proceeded to state that he resided in the city of London,
and acted as an electoral agent, both with regard to the
election of Members of Parliament and the appointment
to civic offices. He was an inchoate freeman of the city
of London, and had been so for half a century ; but had
never thought it worth while to take up his freedom.
At the commencement of the present year he had re-
ceived, in common with thousands of other persons in
the same position, notice from the city corporation that,
unless he took up his freedom forthwith, proceedings
would be instituted in the city courts to compel him to
do so. This had induced him, and many others simi-
larly aggrieved, in July last to form the Association for
the Reform of the Corporation of the city of London, of
which he had the honour to be the secretary. The asso-
ciation comprised persons who desired the reform of the
corporation on general principles, and also gentlemen
connected with the Manchester and other warehouses
in the city ; but the larger portion of its members were
unable to pay the fee of 61. ss. 4d., which the corpora-
tion demanded for granting permission to carry on a
trade. It numbered 1,200 members in all, who were
householders in the city of London, and had paid
on their entrance into the society a registration fee
of Is. each ; any other contributions being perfectly
voluntary. The objects of the society were two-fold ;
first, to secure to all rated occupiers in the city an equal
right to full participation in the privileges now monopo-
lised by the freemen ; and second, to defend its members
against any prosecution on the part of the corporate
officials to extort fees from those whom it was sought to
coerce into taking up their freedom. The society had
never formally expressed any opinion as to what the
constitution of the corporation of London should be, but
had rather desired primarily to expose the abuses which
existed in that body. The complaints of the society
were directed against the system, and not against the
conduct of individual officers ; and, indeed, it was rather
disposed to think that the officers of the corporation
were victims to that system in common with those who
were claiming their rights.
The Chairman asked if Mr. Acland had not himself
formed some opinion as to the defects in the constitution
of the corporation, and likewise with regard to the ne•
cessary remedy ?
Mr. Acland said, that he had always been of opinion
that anything in the shape of exclusiveness and mono-
poly was prejudicial to the general interests of the
community.
The Chairman said that Mr. Acland was probably
conversant with the report on the city of London, which
was presented in 1837 by the commissioners appointed
to inquire into municipal corporations in England and
Wales. That report was divided into certain heads, and
perhaps it would be convenient if Mr. Acland would
follow that arrangement, beginning first with the rela-
tion of the city to the metropolis at large.
Mr. Acland—The commissioners of 1834 seemed to
have been impressed with the idea that the area of the
city of London could be advantageously extended over
a considerable portion, if not the Whole of the metro-
polis. Now, the parliamentary boroughs of the metro-
polis had of late years had it in their power at any time
for a charter of incorporation if they were so minded,
but in no one instance had they done so. The Commis.
sioners of 1834 stated that, where the size of provincial
towns bad greatly increased, it had been held desirable
to take in the suburbs as a part of the original town,
thus enlarging the municipal area ; but then it must be
remembered that had not been invariable, as the case of
Manchester and Salford proved.
Sir John Patteson -- But Manchester and Salford were

entirely new creations.
Mr. Acland—But the argument could not be very co-
gent that large contiguous, populations should be joined
into one municipality, when the principle was not car-
ried out in a place where the population did not amount
to one-fifth of that of the metropolis.
The Chairman—Are you of opinion that it would not
be desirable to extend the limits of the city of London ?
Mr. Acland—Decidedly so ; because the area of the
city of London had a speciality which, he thought,
would be overlaid and destroyed by so vast and incon-
gruous an addition to its bulk as that of the whole me.
tropolis. The city of London was the great commercial
entrepot of the empire ; and if all the Government offices
were not there, at least the Custom-house. the Post-
office, the Royal Exchange, the dock companies, the
Bank, and all the great monetary establishments, were
within its limits. By such an extension, therefore, as
had been recommended, it; commercial character and
utility would be entirely over-ridden. Liverpool was
now threatening to rival the port of London ; but if
London had only fair play, and was relieved from the
onerous burden and difficulties with which a monopolist
municipality impeded its commerce, there could be no
' fear of its successfully maintaining its position.
The Chairman—That is diverging into another point.
Mr. Acland—The Parliamentary boroughs of the me-
tropolis had shown no anxiety to obtain municipal in-
stitutions, and he would contend that there was a very
large population on the south side of the Thames which
was legally part and parcel of the city of London, but
which was now deprived of the franchise, though it was
to some extent burdened with the obligations connected
with the municipality of the city, and which struggled
now to assert its right to be treated as an integral part
of the city of London—he alluded to, the borough of
Southwark. [The witness then quoted ancient docu-
ments and royal letters patent in order to show that the
borough of Southwark, and the municipal ward of
Bridge-without, ought to share equal municipal privi-
leges with wards on the north side of the Thames.]

The Chairman—Are you in favour of assimilating
the ward of Bridge-without with the other side of the
river ?

Mr. Acland's views did not exactly come to that.
The inhabitants of Southwark were in this extraordi-
nary position, that the city of London claimed them
for its own purposes, but refused to concede them the
rights of citizens ; and on the other hand, if Southwark
applied to the Privy Council for a charter of in-
corporation for itself, it would be told that it could not
obtain one because it formed part of the city of London.
I think it would be impossible, if the people of South-
wark were made citizens of London, that the low-lying
district of the metropolis would be efficiently drained;
but if Southwark could have an independent munici-
pality, and Lambeth also had a similar municipality,
the whole of South London could then harmoniously co-
operate together in providing an effective system of
drainage and water supply.
The Chairman—Which alternative do you, therefore,

prefer.
Mr. Acland—Decidedly that Southwark should be
separated from the City of London. It would, how.
ever, be desirable to test the feeling of the inhabitants
of Southwark on the subjeot. The City of London and
the county of Surrey exercised a concurrent jurisdiction
in Southwark.

The Chairman—lf Southwark were separated from the
city of London, would it not pro tanto diminish the com-
mercial importance of the city of London ?
Mr. Acland thought the two were already practically
separated. The state of Southwark was a discredit to
the City as regarded the conservancy of the river's bank.
The City took all the dues upon a bank extending four
miles, but conceded none of the rights of citizenship.
The Chairman—Southwark is, as it were, an apptr-
tenance of the city of London.
Mr. Acland should not like to call it so ; it was part
and parcel of the City, and formed a twenty-sixth alder-
manry.

Mr. Cornewall Lewis—lf, in order to unite South-
wark to the City it would be necessary to separate it
from the county of Surrey, could that be done by a mere
ordinance of the Common Council.
Mr. Arland believed that the Court of Common Coun-
cil always had had the power of giving the ward of
Bridge-without those rights of municipal representation
which they had always witheld from it.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—lf you retained the present
boundaries of the city of London, and gave to South-
wark and Lambeth distinct municipalities, would you
leave the rest of the metropolis without organisation
Mr, Acland—He would grant municipal organisation
wherever it was desired, but force it nowhere. He would
concede municipal organisation to Southwark, %Amin-

ster, St. Marylebone, the Tower Hamlets, and Finsbury;
and then he thought it would be possible to obtain a
real common council, by delegation, for the whole metro-
polis ; to carry out the general purposes of drainage and
water supply, for instance. He did not think there
ought to be a separate jurisdiction in each metropolitan
borough for the police, or the drainage and water sup-
ply, or for the paving and lighting of the streets, but
that there should be'one general jurisdiction for these
functions.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—What, then, would be the
functions of your local councils ?
Mr. Acland—Wardmote functions rather convey my
idea.

Mr. Cornewall Lewis—You know you have already
stripped them of the police, sewerage, water supply,
paving, and lighting. What other functions remain of
a municipal nature ?
Mr. Acland—The administration of justice. I think
you might entrust the appointment of the paid magis-
tracy to the municipality. They would be paid from the
local rates. I would assimilate the administration of
justice in the city of London to the practice which pre-
vailed in other cities throughout the country.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—Where a town is divided into
two boroughs, do you know if the system works harmo.
niously ?

Mr. Acland—My personal knowledge only extends to
he instance of Manchester and Salford, and there, I
believe, it works harmoniously.
Mr. C. Lewis—Does the metropolis appear to you too
large for one municipal corporation?
Mr. Acland—lndeed it does.
The Chairman—Will you be good enough now to
make any observations you have to offer on the present
constitution of the corporate body of the city of London?
Mr. Acland—The corporation, I take leave' to state,
is in bad odour among the inhabitants of the city of
London. Until the year 1835 the freemen of the city
were necessarily members of a company, or guild, but in
1834, subsequent to an inquiry, the corporation passed
an ordinance declaring that any person might acquire
his freedom under the direct authority of their court
without being primarily a member of any one of those
guilds. The position of a freeman ought to be a privi-
lege, but in the city of London it was not so regarded.
Down to the year 1834 the fine on admission to the roll
of the freemen of the city amounted to 301. 12s. 6d.,
and from the year 1800 to 1834 the number of free-
men admitted annually was 1,000. Between 1835 and
1837 the redemption fine was reduced to 101. 12s. 6d. ;
it was afterwards reduced still further, until it reached
the sum of 31. 6s. 4d., with the addition of 31. for the
stamp. During the years when the fine amounted to
101. 12s. 6d., the number admitted fell from 1,000 to
877 annually ; and in the last of the three periods, when
the fine had been reduced still lower, the number of
freemen annually admitted actually sunk to 350.
Mr. C. Lewis—To what do you attribute that result ?
Mr. Acland— To the bad odour in which the corpo-
ration has fallen, and the undesirableness of entering it,
in addition to the natural dislike of Englishmen to com-
pulsion in matters connected with their own interest.
The Court of Common Council had at different times
resolved to force persons to take up their freedom, but
in this intention they had been obstructed by the Court
of Aldermen, the two bodies often pulling in opposite
directions in thi' matter. Last year the corporation
introduced a bill into Parliament to put an end to any
further exercise of the power of compelling occupiers
and shopkeepers to become freemen before they would
be allowed to carry on their trade in the City ; and for
the purpose of enfranchising 10/. householders and abo-
lishing the levying of tolls. That bill was, however,
rejected in Parliament, by reason of the opposition of
the livery. The measure was a compromise between
the two branches of the corporation—the Court of
Aldermen agreeing to it because it did not seek to re-
form them, and the Court of Common Council thinking
it good so far as it went, and only defective in not deal-
ing with the Court of Aldermen. Nothwithstanding,
however, that the corporation had promoted such a
bill, they had allowed their officers subsequently to
prosecute occupiers who had not taken up their
freedom. The wealthy companies, such as the Gold-
smiths' and Merchant Tailors', do not compel
the freemen exercising the handicrafts to take up
their freedom ; but the Butchers, Cooks, and other
small companies had recourse to such a pro-
ceeding for the purpose of increasing their funds.
In the months of March and April last, 4,032
occupiers, of whom I myself was one, were thus prose-
cuted in the Lord Mayor's Court, to make them take
up their freedom ; and many of the actions were suc-
cessful, and several poor occupiers had their goods
seized and sold to pay the expenses. Of these 4,032
persons prosecuted, it was found that 414 had already
taken up their freedom, at a cost of 31. ss. fid. each ;
764 pleaded poverty, and were allowed an extension of
time for complying, for which indulgence they had,
however, to pay half-a-crown a head ; and 164 more
were privileged—that was, they were occupiers within
certain parts of the City, where the inhabitants aro not
compelled to take up their freedom. Other 698 also
claimed exemption, on what ground was not stated ;
and 1,928 were either dead, removed, or contemptuous
Therefore it was clear that the corporation did not keep
a correct register, and did not know who composed its
own commonalty. The alderman had to sign a list of
the persons in their wards entitled to the municipal
franchise on the Ist of November, and the way in which
these lists were made out was by the beadles sending
round to ask the different inhabitants whether or not
they had ever taken up their freedom. Surely, with a
host of officials receiving salaries amounting to a total
of 100,0001. annually, the corporation ought to have a
correct muster-roll of its own commonalty.
Mr. Cornewall Lewis—You say that before 1835 no
person could be admitted to the freedom of the City
without the intervention of a company, and that in that
gyreomaur
rn.tdlAi
uponiscicaonnddw—ihtin was
liocahstshuamt ecrhtehapanetga repealed. D
change
was
w a smo you
ade kw h
consequent
no
upon
the municipal inquiry made by the previous commis-
sioners, who had expressed a strong feeling on the
subject.

•Mr. Cornewall Lewis—But the resolution was passed
before the report of the commissioners was presented ?
Mr. Acland—Yes ; but the corporation possessed the
means of knowing the opinions of the commissioners
previously.
Mr. C. Lewis—Do you think it desirable that the mu-
nicipal franchise ought to be dependent on connection
with a trading company ?
Mr. Acland—o ; inasmuch as the trading companies
have lost their utility.
Mr. C. Lewis—At present the freemen are a mixed
body, some of them being members of companies, and
some not; would you propose that in future the franchise
should be altogether without reference to whether the
person is a member of a company or not ?

Mr. Acland—l think so, certainly ; but I mu not
putting forth any particular scheme—l would rather
that that should come as a necessary corollary. In the
Tower Ward—a very singular case—there are 60s
4o
that
mu-
nicipal voters on the list issued by the alderman, and
nBo9t;freemen
the number of persons lOt.ratedaetetors who are
is only 5
not only are parliamentary el
on the municipal list, but persons are on it who are not
101. occupiers. The whole system is an anomaly. There
are seven classes of freemen—viz., freemen of the corpo-
ration (that is, independent of any company), who are
not rated at 101, and therefore not municipal electors ;
freemen of the corporation who are rated at 101., but
who, not being on the parliamentary register, are not
municipal electors ; freemen rated at 101. who are on
the municipal register, and who are therefore municipal
electors ; then there are the freemen of the companies
who are not rated at 101., and therefore not on the par-i
liamentary or municipal register ; then freemen of the
companies rated at 101., but not on the register, and not
intitled to be on the municipal register ; then freemen
of the companies who are liverymen and parliamentary
electors ; and freemen of the companies who are livery-
men, but residing beyond the seven miles, and not par-
liamentary electors. In the Queenhithe ward every 12
occcupiers send a member to the Court of Common
Council ; and in the Bread-street ward every 13 send a
member. In the latter ward there was once a contest,
and 6,0001. was spent over a scrutiny, by which the
number of votes was reduced to 11 for one side, and 10
for the other. Such a system clearly could not last, and
must undergo extensive alteration in order to ensure
proper municipal government.
The Chairman—Do you think it desirable to diminish
the member of Common Councilmen ?
to diminish
body.stvihereabpl er
es greatlyent limits of the
theTMhnreu. meAbch eal rai
rnomdf a—t
nh It spe representative body.
The Chairmanß t eaysienerniynt agd te
City, what de you think should be the proper number ?
Mr.y A.cland—l am not sure that there should be a