The Sun.
London, England, 1853-02-09 00:00:00

DAILY WEATHER TABLE.

WEDNESDAY, FEE. 9, 1853.
State of the wind and weather at each of the following
places at nine o'clock yesterday morning. The stations
are arranged in order of latitude.
HASTINGS--S.E.,_gentle breeze—overcast.
SOUTHAMPTON—N.B. gentle breeze—foggy.
FOLKESTONE—S., fresh breeze—overcast.
TIINBEIDGE—S., strong breeze—overcast.
GREENWIOII--S.E.,.gentle breeze—overcast.
STnooD—S.E., gentle breeze—overcast.
SWINDON—S.E.' gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
LEIGHTort—S.S.E., gentle breeze—cloudy.
CAMBRIDGE—S.E., gentle breeze—cloudy.
The returns from the following places indicate the state
of the weather on Monday morning at nine o'clock :
BASINGSTOKE—W., gentle breeze—partially cloudy.
LANCASTER—S., gentle breeze—foggy.
WHITBY—S.W., gentle breeze—overcast.
DARLINGTON—S. by W., gentle breeze-- overcast,
light snow.
SNAP—N., calm—overcast--snow on the ground.

THE WEATHER.—Scat OFFICE, F. J.
THER3IO3fETER, IN THB SHADE.

34—highest since noon yesterday.
29—lowest this morning and during the night.
35—this day at neon.

BAROMETER, 2901.
WIND, S.E.—Light breeze, and fine, cold weather.

g

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1853.

It would almost appear as if the members of
the Board of Management of the Anglo-India
Empire had graduated in an university, the heads
and tutors whereof were Irish landlords of the
worst class. There is the same gross and palpable
neglect of the improvements which would enable
the occupier of the soil to pay his rent and enjoy
the comforts suitable to his condition—the same
desire to plead pecuniary inability to any demand,
however reasonable, that may be preferred, and
to cast the burden of the outlay for any ameliora-
tion on those who had previously been pressed to
the utmost extent by the exactions to which they
had been subjected. If Ireland could complain
with justice of the "middlemen" who, while
exacting the last farthing from the unfortunate
occupiers, were still themselves in arrears to the
ground landlords, India could point with pride to
her Zamindars, as being, like the Lords of the
Pale, in the olden time, " more Irish even than the
Irish themselves." The Irish " middlemen" pro-
bably hold for three lives in esse with clauses for
perpetual renewal. The "Zamindar" holds, by
hereditary succession which nothing can shake,
so long as the "Peiscush," or permanent rent, be
satisfied. This "Peiscush" may be considered as
analogous to the "head rent," and if suffered to
A fall into arrear, a summary process of " eject-
ment" may be resorted to—the " Peiscush," or
"Rent," being, in each case fixed at nearly equal
rates—" the rose by any other name will smell as
sweet "—in India at thirty-five per cent., and in
Ireland at about one-third, or thirty-three and
one-third per cent, of the gross produce. In like
' manner, no allowance will be made by the "agent"
or the " revenue collector" for any unavoidable
misfortunes—no remission for bad seasons, or
other causes leading to deficient payments by
" Ryots" or tenants. There is thus, in both cases,
an almost irresistible motive to grind the unfor-
tunate dependant to the very lowest point. And
thus we find the Ryots of India, and the
peasantry of Ireland, living on scanty allowances
of the very coarsest fare—rice in one instance,
potatoes in the other, the invariable and only ac-
companiment being " salt," for which the Hindoo,
in that respect more scurvily treated than the
Irishman, has to pay an exorbitant price.
In like manner, the Indian " Village" may be
assimilated to the Irish " Rundale" system, where
the industrious are made responsible for the de-
ficiencies of the idle, and every man is compelled
to become a guarantee for his neighbours. This
objectionable practice is in force in both countries.
In India the results are not quite so mischievous as
in Ireland, simply because the oppression and
malversation under the " Zainindary ': and
" Ryot-war " systems are so great that no-
thing at all approaching to it in extent can be
discovered at the other side of St. George's
Channel—the " Mootahs," or tenants for life,
being, if possible, worse than those who consider
the property entailed upon their heirs.
Those who carefully peruse the petition of the
Madriss Association, to which we recently directed
the public attention, will perceive that we have by
no means over-stated the case, that the balance is
very much against the " Hindoo" Ryot, and that
the system in operation under the combined aus-
pices of the Honourable Board of Directors and
the Board of Control, is oven worse than that in
Ireland under the rackrent or " rundale" principle.
The " Moturpha," or tax upon trades and oc-
cupations, is something even worse than the sys-
tem of "licences" in this country. If we have
in this country
a necessity for a licence before per-
sons can sell or dispose of malt or spirituous
liquors, act as attornies, horse-dealers cab-driv-
ers, Asc., or even wear hair-powder, we find in
India more exceptionable exactions in the shape of
payments by " weavers, carpenters, all workers in
metals, whether possessing shops—whichv,enadsiinngobuyr
own case, are also taxed separately or
the road side some paying an impost on tools,
""
others for permission to sell," extending " to the most
trilling articles of trade and the cheapest tools the
mechanics can employ." There are also in our
Oriental Dominions further exactions, under the
head of " small farms and licences," for the pur-
pose of raising what is called " extra revenue,"
consisting of the annual leasing out of certain
privileges, Auch as the right of " measuring grain
and other articles," the right to " the sweep-
ings of the goldsmiths' workshops," of "dyeing
betel nut," "cutting jungle-wood," " grazing
cattle," " gathering wild fruit and honey,"
" catching wild fowl"--an offshoot, probably, of
IN I.; IS S4ltl Oft Ramo Laws—" cutting grasses used in
-sib:Ma_ g-, ket rushes cow-dung," &c.—all bein o•
'' --.'" Pieilvallf arses 6
•_,,.,‘,...4- . --'''' , , upon the very poorest of the
'4, ,ZfrAflafrsaitt&ros the creation of a monopoly of some
r) .
.4k-stssss.., •-:",,/-ss.
Ili

articles essential to the comfort of those unfortu-
nate individuals. The " salt monopoly" is even
worse, amounting to something nearly, if not
quite, as bad as our own Corn Laws, and enhanc-
ing the cost of an article of almost primary ne-
cessity by many hundreds per cent. -Under this
infamous system the price has been raised from
70 rupees, or 71., to 120 rupees, or 121., the
" garee"—the result being that the income realised
by the Anglo-Indian Government is less than when
the commodity was sold at little more than one-
half of the present price, and that the Hindu
Ryot is compelled to give about the wages of ten
weeks' labour in order to provide his family with
salt !!!

It is almost an act of supererogation to refer to
other burdens—to the " Abkary," or distillation
of arrack at the Government distilleries—a system
which has given the greatest encouragement to
intemperance —to the abuses of the Post-
office and the "Maharatta Dater," under
which all accounts must be translated from
the Telugu, Canarese, Malayalum, and Tamil
languages, in which they had been translated into
the Maharatta, from which they must again be
rendered into English—two operations in place
of one being thus rendered necessary, occasion-
ing very considerable extra expense, increasing the
amount of public business, and creating a large
amount of official perplexity and confusion.

We have thus touched upon some of the lead-
ing grievances relating to the revenue department,
the injustice and impolicy whereof are clearly set
forth in the petition of the Madras Association,
above referred to. If " the Directors" are to be
judged by their fruits, there is certainly no rea-
son for permitting them to continue the system of
gross mismanagement and maldministration any
longer. The Proprietors having made so good a bar-
gain as securing 10 per cent. dividend on their
capital stock until 1874, and then a paying off, not
at one, but 200 per cent., show that there is no
necessity for taking care of their interests—that
whatever amelioration may take place in the con-
dition of the Madras Ryots will not be at the ex-
pense of the East India Company, or lead to a
reduction in the quotations of Fast India Stock or
FAA India Bonds.

It is no longer a surmise : We are invaded ! Three
formidable battalions of French Ideas have gained
footing on our shores. The Channel has been
bridged without steamers, a traitor Englishman
has imported them under our own flag, under a flag
of peace rather. Up ! or in no little time you
may awake some morning, and hear that every
Englishman is to have an equal chance, that a
common sailor may become an admiral, a soldier
a general, a Commoner pay no taxes from which
a Peer is exempt, and even an anti-episcopal be-
liever in the Thirty-nine Articles, actually share
in the immense religious endowments of the coun-
try ! Yes, Englishmen, it is a fact, we can hardly
believe ourselves while we state it, that RICHARD
COBDEN, the member for the first constituency in
England, has surreptitiously circulated throughout
this country three notions, infinitely worse than
three hundred thousand French soldiers on our
coast. We shudder to tell the plain truth ;
we are afraid while naming the conta-
minating suggestions, lest they should de-
file some hitherto untainted minds. We
fear that even our own abuse of them
may not render them altogether nauseous to
every palate. However, here they are,—abolition
of Primogeniture, equal taxation, especially in
respect of Legacy and Probate duty, and equal
endowment of all denominations. Surely the
three witches in Macbeth, or the triumvirates of
ancient Rome, never boded such mischief to so-
ciety as these three pestilent notions. French-
men, our mi' itia and regulars might give a good
account of. They could starve them to death by
land, while our fleet consigned the French Com-
missariat to the depths of the Channel ; but these
accursed ideas, who can make an end of them ? If
we let them alone, they spread like a contagion ;
if we meddle with thorn ourselves, we infect more
than we cure. Sorrowfully we do it ; but we
record our deliberate conviction, that RICHARD
COBDEN, with an olive branch in one hand, and
NOAH'S dove perched on it also, has scattered with
.the other the seeds of English ruin. The fasci-
nations of French notions are infinitely more
dreadful than the thunders of French artillery.
Forty years ago and Paris was in our hands, but
soon it will be recorded in its worst acceptation,

" Gallia capta ferum victorem cepit, et artes
Intulit agresti Anglice."
Such, gentle reader, is a fair description, or inter-
pretation if you please, of the hubbub raised about
a certain illustration most appositely employed by
Mr. COBDEN in his third letter and his Manchester
speeches, and which we, in our infantine guileless-
ness, suspecting no evil and no trickery, quoted
the other day as calculated to persuade Englishmen
that our neighbours across the Channel were not
entirely fools, because they do not make an Alpha
and an Omega of our chief political notions. It
seemed to us to be perfectly in keeping for a
write; who was aiming to teach two nations to
respect each other, and who wished to lessen that
contempt which may so easily generate mutual
hostility—to say, " You have both attained some
important steps in social or political progress,
neither of you have attained all; therefore, respect
in each other all that each has achieved, and
bear with all in which you as yet differ—the
rest
_leave to time." All this, we say, appeared
to us so entirely to the point, that the
wonder would have been if a man of Mr.
COBDEN'S confessed knowledge and ability had
passed it by, not that he should illustrate it with
his wonted " homely and unadorned eloquence."
The truth is, it was soon perceived that peck-
ing and carping at Mr. COBDIg'S historical state-
ments availed nothing. It damaged his letters
about as much as Mr. CROKER'S review injured
MACAULAY'S History of England. The fact
was notorious, by the confession of the great
Leader of the Anti-CoBDENrrEs itself, that it was
no new. idea at all (though sadly forgotten by the
present generation), that England and her arbi-
trary MONARCH were the real authors of the last
French wars ; and, probably, few who have read
more than some one-sided English history of those
times, have any doubt that those wars, for which
we are now paying in interest some 18,000,000 i.
per annum, were begun by the nation which is
paying that sum, and that we pay it as a politi-
cal insurance, commenced by our forefathers,
against Reform of all sorts, and specially against
any Reform which should insure a real re-
presentation of the people. These are the
views of the matter which will henceforth
be prevalent ; but alas t to believe that we
were the aggressors in 1793, and that Frenchmen
are in some points more advanced than we are—
these are pacific notions, they will pacify France,
and they will indispose us to provoke her again ;
hence the old herring must be trailed across the
scent, and we must be bamboozled, if we will be,
with the conceit that tho peaceful and. practical
RICHARD COBDEN is really a Red Republican, and
would rejoice in an immediate Frenchification of
all our institutions and habits. But what an
absurd libel. If there be one man in the King-
dom who deliberately prefers doing every thing
after full discussion, and when its merits are fully
appreciated by the great body of the people, it is
Mr. COBDEN. As to an hereditary House of
Peers, Mr. COBDEN has never asked for more
than a real House of Commons ; and even Lord
DERBY himself, and the Times to back him, have of
late been fain to make the best apology they could
for what neither Mr. COBDEN, nor any Reformer
that we know of, cares to trouble himself about.
The law, or rather usage of entail, is confessed
by the Times itself to be discouraged by our laws,
and every possible facility afforded for its evasion.
Surely, thin, that which our grave Judges think
well to discourage as much as possilbe, is
ratherinconsistently flung in Mr. CODDM'S
teeth as a piece of ultra-Radicalism. And in re-
gard to the interference of NAPOLEON with the
testamentary laws of the Convention, the result is
8,000,000 of landed proprietors in France ; that
interference, therefore, left those laws substantially
the same. It is not, however, the powerof disposing
of property by will, as we please, that Englishmen
object to : it is the necessity to perpetuate it in one

line, to the gross injury of the other branches of
the- family ; and practically to perpetuate it
through all generations, to the consequent injury
of the free market for land, and to the cultivation
of the estates. Then the Legacy and Probate
Duty, we should like to know who would now
defend the exemption of real property. As to
the difference of Stamp Duties in transferring
50,000/. in the funds, and conveying 1,000 acres
of land, surely no one needs to be told that
Stamp Duties on what may have to change
hands many times in a year, and on what on the
average does not change hands once in half a
century, and in the case of entails never, ought to
be very much lighter in the former case than
in the latter. It would be worth while to
ascertain how much more, if more it be, the
average sales of landed property to any given
amount pay in the shape of stamps yearly than
the same amount frequently transferred in the
funds, and to let them be equalised by all means.
Mr. COBDEN'S special enmity to the Church of
England and its " Protestantism," is information
to us. We always assumed that, like all other
lay friends of that institution, he had no sympathy
with its gross abuses, especially its pecuniary
ones, and that, like many others, he thinks that
the only hope of retaining national support for it,
in Ireland particularly, is by the endowment of
all other sects which will accept it. Whether he
thinks such a project, which RUSSELL and PEEL
equally wished to carry, practicable or not, we
have no means of knowing just now. Certain we
are that staunch Churchmen have been eager to
endow Irish Popery, and Anti-State Churchmen
furious at the thought of it; the latter regarded it
merely as a buttress for the establishment they
wished to overthrow. There is no policy they
dread like the Church policy of France. We sin-
cerely hope that this Tory hurly-burly against
Mr. CoBDEN's motives in employing such appro-
priate illustrations for so noble an object as inter-
national peace will meet with the contempt it so
richly deserves ; and that this contempt will be in
no degree diminished by the fact that those who
make all this malicious pother, in the same breath
rehearse their own praises for coaxing and caress-
ing the gaoler of Poerio, and the oppressor of
Lombardy and Hungary.

Messrs. SHIITTLEWORTH and SONS, the auc-
tioneers, inform ifs that property of every kind is
in great demand, and add that "advowsons and
Church property are sought with avidity, and
maintain their value." We certainly had begun
to fear that the latter kind of property was falling
in value ; not through the labours of the Irish
Equality-me; and the English and Scotch anti-
State Churchmen, since the latter at any rate are
strenuous advocates of full compensation to the
holders of advowsons. No, our fears were that
the Bishops were the " bears" of this market,
and if they have not succeeded in depressing it, it
is no fault whatever of theirs. Indeed, we are
half inclined to think that sectarian zeal must
have something to do with this brisk demand
for the right of presentation, and that the
two great Church parties are crusading vigorously
on the late Mr. SIMEON'S plan of buying
livings, for their own side. A living in the
market now may have something of the attrac-
tion of " freeholds for sale, and votes for the
county ;" it may be looked upon, though scarcely
decent to mention in an advertisement, as the
sale of a "vote for Puseyism," or a "vote for
Gorhamism." We are not versed enough in this
department to be certain that this is the case; we
only know that if it be, there is no amount which
religious party zeal would not spend for its ob-
jects, and no telling, therefore, what prices
livings may fetch with such competitors in the
auction-room.
But for this, the Bishops appear to be endan-
gering the market. They are waging war with
the customers, lessening their numbers, or at least
increasing the difficulty of a Clergyman's realising
the fruits of his professional education, and of
a patron's being able to do what he will with
his own. Since the time of Dr. MARSH,
Bishop of Peterborough, the Bishops have been
content on the whole to ordain or institute all
applicants who could agree to the articles and
formularies of the Church, and against whom no
very great defects of character could be alleged.
The requisite testimonials and the subscription
were enough. Of late, however, the renowned
HENRY of Exeter has inaugurated afresh the
Peterborough inquisition, and has made his arbi-
trary episcopal power the means of persecuting all
who do not agree with him in his semi-Popery,
and his favourite baptismal dogma. This it seems,
however, is a game which two can play at, and
now C. THOMAS, of Ripon, has risen up as Grand
Inquisitor on the other side. The Rev. G.
A. HAYWARD craved of his Lordship ordination
for priest's orders (being already in deacon's orders)
to qualify him for a curacy offered him by the
Rev. JOSEPH BIRCH, incumbent of Brighouse,
near Halifax. Mr. HAYWARD was duly catechised
by the Bishop's examining chaplain, on the knotty
question of Baptismal Regeneration; but, alas he
was found wanting, or rather over-weight, for he
believed that baptism accomplished more than the
Bishop thought it did. A more accurate testing
was, therefore, resorted to, and four theses offered
to Mr. HAYWARD for his acceptance ; as was to be
expected, Mr. HAYWARD rejected them, and the
Bishop rejected him. Some of Mr. HAYWARD'S
friends talk of law, but law for Mr. HAYWARD is
none—in the matter of ordination a Bishop is a

law unto himself. Mr. BIRCH, secure in his living,
writes to the Bishop a sort of defiance. He informs
him that he himself and Mr. HAYWARD are one

in sentiment, and that he must be much more unfit
to hold the higher ecclesiastical station in Brighouse
if Mr. HAYWARD is unfit for the lower ; also that
no incumbents in the diocese of Ripon, holding the
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have plenary power to refuse ordination to whom
they please ; no one can compel them to lay
holy hands on those whom they deem unholy.
The Bishop in this case readily gave Mr. HAYWARD
a certificate that his belief in Baptismal Regene-
ration was the only ground of his rejection, no de-
fect in " manners or learning" were laid to
his charge ; his only unfitness was that he
believed in the Liturgy of his Church, and inter-
preted her Articles in a non-natural sense. The
mischief is that Mr. HAYWARD has but to take
the railway to Exeter, and he will find this very
certificate procure him ordination, with scarcely a
question asked, by an Episcopal brother of the
Bishop of Ripon. It might appear, perhaps, at
first sight, that for this very reason there is no
great hardship in the case ; if one will not ordain
the man, another will. We do not think so. A
man's whole interest and connection, as well as
his preferences, may all lie in some particular
diocese, and if there bo nothing which disqualifies
him properly for ordination, or admission into
a diocese by some one of the Bishops, he ought to
be entitled to demand the same of any of them.
With the peculiar sentiments in question we
have just now nothing to do. Our readers
Will probably pretty easily divine which
side such abhorers of all sanctimoniousness and
superstition, as we are, would take as a matter of
course ; but what we think does claim the impar-
tial attention of all honest friends of the
ce Ch
iurc he
h,
is the undue discretionary powers plad n t
hands of the Bishops. The last and unquestioned
legal decision is, that Baptismal Regeneration is
the doctrine of the Church, but not to the exclu-
sion of the opposite opinion. If, then, the Law
pronounces both to be Church doctrine, by what
right can either doctrine exclude a man from
ordination or institution at Exeter or Ripon
respectively ? It is monstrously hard upon
one of her MAJESTY'S subjects that, hav-
ing qualified himself at no small cost,
for office in the National Church, and having
conducted himself as becomes an officer of that
Church, ho should be refused admmaiyssiornefusteo
any of her pulpits at the mere caprice of
a Bishop. Wher Ife s such inquisitorial inter-
ference to end ? one Bishop
a man for interpreting the 4.rticl9o non-naturally