The Sun.
London, England, 1853-07-04 00:00:00

VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.

The Alverton (barque), steering N.W., May 7, lat. 20
S., long. IW. _ _ _

The -Cheviot, Trinidad to the Clyde, June 18, lat. 48 N.,
long. 27 W.
The Thomas Dryden, Shields to Bombay, June 30, lat.
48 N., long. 5 W.

GREAT CIRCLE SAlLlNG.—Amongst the ships at pre-
sent at Southampton about to take Government emi-
grants to Australia is the Statesman, Captain Godfrey,
which will start in a few days with 300 emigrants for
Port Philip. Captain Godfrey was the ifirst who sailed
to Australia upon the great circle principle. Although
a young man he has made six Australian voyages. He
has performed the voyage from England to Port Philip
by great circle sailing in 76 days, which is the quickest
voyage except one ever made. The ship Marco Polo
did it in 74 days by sailing in the track of the States-
man. The latter was the first ship which brought home
Australian gold, and on her last homeward passage she
beat the mail steamer by 14 days. The Statesman will
take out ship letter bags for Port Philip, which will
contain all letters specially addressed to go by her. The
introduction of great circle sailing by Capt. Godfrey
will mark an epoch in the history of the science of navi-
gation.

- NEWPORT AND ABERGAVENNY RAlLWAY.—Thursday
a special meeting of this company was held at the Lon-
don Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, for the purpose of sub-
mitting to the shareholders the following bills :-Ist, to
authorise the Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford
Company to make deviations in their extension to the
Taff Vale Railway, and to make certain short branches.
2d, to authorise deviations at Hereford and Pontypool
to the Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford Railway,
and to amend the acts relating to that railway. Also
to authorise the directors to exercise their borrowing
powers. The Hon. W. E. Fitzmaurice occupied the
chair. Rsolutions approving of the bills were carried
unanimously, and it was also resolved that the directors
be authorised to exercise their borrowing powers to the
extent of 200,0001. The chairman stated that it was
expected the line would be completed throughout in the
month of October next. Thanks were voted to the
chairman, and the business terminated.
THE ARABIA.—On Saturday afternoon, about five
o'clock, the British and North American Royal Mail
steam-ship Arabia, Captain C. H. E. Judkins, sailed
from the Mersey for New York, with the usual mails
for the United States and British possessions in North
America, about eighty passengers, and a large and
valuable cargo.
.....1,-AnvERTisEmENT.]—THE CAMP AT CHOBILA3I.
39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly.—Observe, opposite the
York Hotel. -- The Royal Exhibition. —A valuable,
glass, s,
be the
seen sizeand 0
known veryksmall powerful waistcoat-pocket
of a walnut, by which a person
one mile, and a half distant ;
they answer every purpose on the race-course, at the
at 12 to 14 miles. They arre7,a ships are clearly seen
opera-houses, country
invaluableet,; for shooting, deer-
stalking, yachting, to sportsmen,
and most
gamekeepers,
and tourists. Telescopes—A neWn
such
inoestt important
invention in telescopes, possessing
powers that some, inches, with an extra eye-rpaiDerdceinwarfill
ganonhl theo
show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring,
double stars ; with the same telescope, Weigh
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance three miles
and and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles.
They supersede every other kind for the waistcoat-pocket,
and are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers
accordingly. Opera and race-course glasses, with wonderful
power; an object can be clearly seen, from 14 to 16 miles
distant. Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians, have in-
vented invaluable preserving spectacle lenses. Immediately
they are placed before imperfect vision, every object
appears clear and distinct; the most aged, defective sight
becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to its youthful,
natural, and original state. Deafness—New Discovery—
The Organic Vibrator, an extraordinary powerful and
newly-invented instrument, for Deafness, entirely different
from all others, to surpass anything of kind that has
been, or probably ever can be, produced. Being of the
!Lc!, thatar
same colour as the skin, it is not perceptible ; it enables
deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public as-
semblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in
the ears is entiry removed - and it affords all the assist-
ance could. be desired.—S. and B. Solomons,
Observe, 0: Opticians, 39, Albomarle-street, Piccadilly.
Pointe the York Hotel.

THE EASTERN QUESTION.

(From the Times.)

Although the impending occupation of the Da-
nubian Principalities by Russia has been discussed
and anticipated by Europe for a period of several
weeks, the near approach of this event has not
diminished its importance, but has rather increased
the anxiety with which its consequences must be
regarded. We still speak of it as an event impend-
ing, but not consummated, because great doubt
was attached to the intelligence transmitted to us
from Vienna, that 12,000 Russians had actually
entered Jassy on the 25th, and the Austrian Go-
vernment has since contradicted that statement.
According to the more precise information which
we have received from St. Petersburg, it was not
till the 25th that the order to cross the Pruth had
been given by the Emperor. Whatever may en-
sue, the people of this country will require, and
they have a right to require, full and honest proof
that nothing has been left undone by which war
could be avoided ; that the Government sedulously
abstained from mixing itself up in questions of
foreign interest, such as that of the Holy Places,
until the general obligations of Europe and our
own interests and engagements were proved to be
at stake ; that even then our interposition was
conciliatory, not menacing • and that we adhered
throughout to the explicit declarations given in her
Majesty's name at an early period of these trans-
actions. Nay, should the Principalities be occupied
by Russia—as they perhaps are in part at this
moment—we still hope that a collision may be
avoided long enough at least to afford time for a
fresh attempt at negotiation. But, should all this
fail, should all these delays on the part of Russia
turn out to be no more than the disguised prepara-
tions of a long-conceived and deliberately executed
yiliacn of
holasa, gtgrheens2sin on
indeed,
o wtheedopanrtnt otfhitnhke
so
oEnampeaethroyr
of our countrymen or of the British Parliament as
to doubt that they will display the same union and
determination which has often borne us through
far greater trials.
No doubt it would be easy for the Emperor
Nicholas even now to accept the guarantees which
the Porte gives to its Christian subjects and to ter-
minate the dispute, if such were his desire. But it
is difficult to pass in review the circumstances of
this quarrel without arriving at the conclusion that
he who thought fit to begin it will not think fit to
end it here or now. The utter insufficiency of the
alleged causes of resentment against Turkey, espe-
cially after satisfaction had been obtained on the
only tangible grievances complained of, suggests
that other and deeper motives must be at work.
As long as we had reason to believe that the object
of Prince Menschikoff's mission was to settle the
dispute about the Holy Places, or even to obtain a
fresh declaration of immunities to the Christian
Churches, these matters lay within the ordinary
compass of diplomacy. But the concentration of
armies on the frontier, the review at Odessa, the
demeanour of the Envoy and his reception at Con-
stantinople awakened other suspicions. He seems
to have been sent not so much to obtain a treaty
as to pick a quarrel. What he seems most to have
wanted was a refusal, and to have obtained all he
asked would probably have been to fail in his en-
terprise.
There exist at the Court of St. Petersburgh in
the Russian empire two parties, which are broadly
distinguished by their respective descent from the
German or Baltic provinces of the empire, or from
the old Muscovite stock. A large proportion of
the statesmen who have done honour to the policy
of the empire belong to the former class—among
them Prince Lieven, Count Nesselrode, M. de
Benkendorf, M. de Meyendorf, Baron Brunow,
Baron Krudener, and many others. The reigning
house of Russia is itself divided by only two gene-
rations from its German origin, and the Emperor
Alexander never concealed his prediliction for men
who strengthened his connection with the manners
and ideas of Western Europe. The Emperor Ni-
cholas has pursued an opposite course. His policy
has been to identify himself with the passions, the
peculiarities, the political aspirations, and the reli-
gious fanaticism of the Muscovites, and, far more
than his Ministers, he has adopted the spirit which
he chose to represent. His second and favourite
son, .the Grand Duke Constantine has espoused the
same great national party, with even greater fana-
ticism and intensity than the Emperor; and in both
of them the cause of the Church and of the Empire
finds a champion, and perhaps an instrument. It
is certain that the strong ambition of this party,
inflamed by religious enthusiasm and the pride of
a dominant race, has for years past been directed
to the present year as the fourth centenary of the
overthrow of the Greek Empire, and to Constan-
tinople as the prize of war ; and, whatever may be
. . .

the intrinsic Worthlessness of such mystical asso-
ciations and prophecies, it will not be denied that
they contribute to the feeling which may lead to
their fulfilment. In the impassioned judgment of
these men, the circular of Count Nesselrode, which
has been condemned in the rest of Europe for its
illogical temerity, is denounced as a feeble and un-
worthy declaration of Russian supremacy. War,
in the shape in which it is presented to them, is
not an invasion,. but a crusade ; and the question
of the Holy Places, combined with a claim to the
protection of the Greek Church, are precisely the
subjects most calculated to kindle their ardour. If,
in an evil hour for the work and for himself, the
Emperor Nicholas has roused this spirit, which it is
beyond hispower to curb and subdue—if, as we have
reason to fear, the advance of the army is accom-
panied with fresh appeals to the pride and daring of
the nation, this calamitous and destructive force may
break forth and lead to..the most deplorable conse-
quences. Such passions are just aslawlessand hostile
to the best interests of mankind as those revolutionary
commotions to which the Emperor Nicholas con-
ceives his policy to be diametrically opposed ; and
it matters but little whether the world is threa-
tened by the intemperate proselytism of the French
Convention, or by the popular superstitions and
barbarous irruptions of the Muscovite race. The
triumph of might over right, and of force over
law, especially when it is assisted by popular excite-
ment, is the essence of political revolution, and,
paradoxical as it sounds, the Emperor Nicholas is
rapidly becoming the chief enemy of the established
order of things in Europe. That is our chief dan-
ger, for the revolution which he represents is
armed with enormous military forces and directed
by absolute power. But, on the other hand, as its
ambition is insatiable, this spirit once let loose
must sooner or later come into collision with the
constituted rights of other nations, and, if Europe
remain united and true to her common interests
and duties, she has it now in her power to pre-
scribe to Russia those limitations which that empire
seems at present so little disposed to respect.

(From the Examiner )
Since the publication of the Nesselrode ultimatis-
simum there can no longer remain a.doubt of the
occupation of the principalities of Moldavia and
Wallachia by Russian troops. And never certainly
since the days of the partition of Poland was there
a more unconstitutional or insolent attack upon
a weak and almost unresisting neighbour. That
Russia, in full peace, without provocation
should thus wantonly take a step seriously me-
nacing the independence of the Porte, de-
priving it of the allegiance and resources of two
of its provinces, and destroying the loyalty or at
least the tranquillity of a third province, that of
Bulgaria, is surely something that calls for a seri-
ous resolution on the part of the western powers
of Europe. If Russia be now allowed to occupy
the Turkish provinces without let or inconvenience
to herself, it will become a rule that she may oc-
cupy them at any time hereafter without war. A
frontier province which a country may seize
without giving a pretext for resistance, may
indeed be considered as already appertaining to
that country. But this occupation not only
threatens the Turkish territories north of the Bal-
kan, it threatens Constantinople itself.
It is quite idle now to say that the Turk is to be
left to the responsibility of his own acts, and is
free to consider the passage of the Pruth as war or
not war. All the world knows that the Sultan
will be guided by the advice of France and Eng-
land. If the Sultan tolerate the insult and
accept the invasion, the announcement to the
entire East will be that the maritime powers
of the West quail before Russia ; and, in the
teeth of the wanton provocation of that power,
dare not bring up their fleets to Constantinople.
If this be the end, all we can say is, that we have
indulged much vapouring and a large expense for
no purpose, except to render more manifest our
impotence and our pusillanimity. We have either
the right and the power to defend the Turkish
empire from Russia, or we have not. If we, that
is, France and England, have the power as well as
the right, now is the time to exercise it. Never
again in the lapse of years will such another oppor-
tunity occur. If some certain limit be not now fixed
to Russian advances, we may take for granted
that every limit will be overstepped. We have
in
ny
any the
treaty,Russians,
is
a without now the opportunity, as we have the right and
breach
o f
the power to declare, that the passage of the Pruth
anyth
epretext
present
let to be
of Europe, and requires instant interference to
provide against its consequences. The simplest
precaution is that of the allied fleets in
anchoring
the Bosphorus. It is an act that really does in no
wise menace Russia, or cripple her resources. It is
very far from an ample set-off to the invasion of the
Principalities. But it is an act that would address it-
self to the invaded poplations, and would make
manifest to the world and to Russia that the
Western Powers are not prepared to permit the
conquest and appropriation of the Turkish capital