The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 21, 185 4.

would probabl3 be received together, the opera-

tions being 'if such a nature that no circumstance
whatever cor A, prevent their being carried into

execution.'

It must not be forgotten that these observations
of the Duke de RAGUSA are of 20 years' stand-
, iug, and that since that time the powers of steam
have been greatly developed, and that the electric
telegraph has been discovered. But notwithstand-
ing these advantages, it is manifest that the
AUTOCRAT could, at any moment, if the status
quo were established, and he still retained his
menacing position and fleet at Sebastopol, and that
the provisions of the Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi were
still recognised, take possession of Constantinople.
Marshal MARMONT thought that he could retain
that position despite " the most energetic efforts
of the three Powers"—England, France, and-
Austria. Without entering into a discussion on
that subject, it is quite clear that no peace can
be of a permanent or lasting character unless the
CZAR is deprived of the means of offence so greatly
calculated to lead him into temptation. While
Sebastopol remains in his hands, Austria will be
afraid to brave his wrath. She will still (if
allowed) play " fast and loose" with the Western
Powers, seeking to prevent the humiliation, and
to maintain the power of her northern neighbour,
and also to appropriate for herself any advantages
that may be acquired by the allied troops--
advantages for which she has not laboured, and in
which she can therefore have no right to partici-
pate. When, however, it has fallen, the time-
servers of Vienna will speak out. They will then
know that they have no longer anything to fear
fro:-n their once formidable neighbour, and, accord-
ing to their wont, will be quite prepared to kick
the lion whose claws had been so effectually pared.

The capture of Sebastopol and the 4 Crimea
would, probably, be followed by the whole of
Southern Russia, comprising the provinces of
Bessarabia, Cherson, Taurida, and Eicaterinoslovs.
The independence of Georgia and Circassia would
be established, and NICHOLAS could no longer in-
fluence the FREDERICK WILLIAM of the East—the
imbecile and wavering Shah of PERSIA. This
would insure the Anglo-Indian empire from the
attacks that would inevitably follow the subjuga-
tion of the Porte. The fall of Sebastopol would
be the only result worthy of acceptance. Without
that, and the cession at least of the, Crimea, peace
can never be established on a permanent and last-
ing foundation.

Notwithstanding the boasted liberty of con-
science allowed to all the inhabitants of Great
Britain, we have, even within the present week,
witnessed two striking cases of oppression, where
the parties were punished because they would not
do that which they believed to be forbidden by
the Divine Law, and obey the orders of man
rather than what they believed to be the injunc-
tions of the DEITY. It is indeed deplorable to
think that such things are possible at the present
time, when every Englishman boasts of the uni-
versal toleration which he believes to be the lot of
his happy land.
The first of these cases is one that has already
been provided for by Parliament, and which can-
not, we trust, be repeated after the 24th proximo.
It was occasioned by what we are accustomed to
consider an over-strained interpretation of the
sacred precept " Swear not at all." We believe
that it applies to profane swearing, or at least that
which has been lightly or recklessly resorted to.
But it is certain that there are many upright and
conscientious men who receive it in its literal
sense, and who would endure any suffering or per-
secution rather than wilfully disobey it. Wher-
ever these scruples are really entertained they
should be respected. The law of the land has
recognised their propriety in certain cases, where
the parties belong to certain denominations, known
as Quakers, Moravians, or Separatists; but there
are many others who, although not connected
bvith anyof these sects, do not consider it "lawful"
to swear for any purpose whatsoever. The Com-
mon Law Procedure Act of last session, which
will come into operatien on the 24th of October,
authorises the presiding Judge to dispense with
the oath, and to receive an affirmation or declara-
tion whenever he believed that the objection
was honest and bona fide. And thus, although
a mistake may occur after that time, there is
even reason to hope, that no man will hereafter
be punished for a conscientious refusal to be

sworn in any matter.
In the case referred to in the -foregoing obser-
vations, a person had been fined for non-attend-
ance at the last Middlesex Sessions. On Monday
he came forward to show cause why this fine
(101.), which he stated would be utterly ruinous
to him, should not be levied. He was, however,
stopped in liinine by the Assistant-Judge, who
told him that "he should either pay the fine or
be sworn." He replied, that "he could not pay,
and he would not take the oath." The Assistant-
Judge told him that he could not help him unless
he was sworn. The unfortunate man then left
the Court, to brood over the probable view that
awaited him, by which his home might be broken
up, and himself consigned to a prison, and his
family to a workhouse.

Now, we entertain a high respect for Sergeant
ADAMS—we believe him to be a high-minded and
honourable man, desirous of faithfully administer-
ing justice to all men brought within his jurisdic-
tion. He, occasionally, is wroxig, for—
"To err, is human."

But still there are few men who do not more
frequently commit mistakes than kind-hearted,
" honest JACK ADAMS." Nothing, then, but an
imperative sense of duty would induce us to cen-
sure one for whom both as a man and a Judge we
entertain unfeigned regard. We think that Ser-
geant ADAMS was decidedly in error when ho re-
fused even to listen to the statement unless it
were sworn to. It was not like a civil or crimi-
nal trial, where the matter could not be received
unless verified by an oath. There could, there-
fore, be no failure of justice through the scruple
of the party. The fine was altogether within the
discretion of the Judge, and he might remit it, if
in any way satisfied that there were grounds for
such indulgence. An oath was clearly not indis-
pensable under such circumstances, and we deeply
regret the suffering unnecessarily occasioned for
conscience sake at the present era, and hope that,
those who honour such a feeling may contri-
bute the small amount necessary to extricate the
unfortunate. Juryman from the difficulty in which
he has been involved.

In the other case a similar principle is involved,
although the consequences may be less serious to
the party. Mr. E. LUCAS, coal and flour mer-
chant, Millbank-street, Westminster, was sum-
moned for refusing to supply a horse and waggon
to convey a portion of baggage belonging to the
First battalion of the Scuts Fusilier Guards to
one of the rail way stations. The defendant being
a member of the Society of Friends (whose
scruples with regard to oaths have long been re-
•ognised by Parliament), and also of the Peace
Society, refused to comply. He was then sum-
moned before the Magistrate, at Bow-street, and,
on persisting in the refusal, fined 40s. In default
of payment a distress warrant was issued, and the
amount seized.

'I Now, we concur with the defendant in think-
ing this a great hardship. His opinions were
wo-etll in knownhe and the requisition was presented,
n
;
hope of obtainiug the use of the horse
andwaggon, but of mulcting him of a certain
sum t
There might, of course, be occa-
sions where it would be essential to press the car-
of f inoney .
riage; but,
in such case? it would be taken

~ ~,,, w ... ~..

~.

forcibly, and no pecuniary fine would be inflicted.
It will not be supposed that it is from any sym-
pathy with the twaddlers of the Peace Society
that we put forward these remarks ; but we re-
spect the scruples of Mr. LUCAS as a member
of the Society, and unhesitatingly say that the
Magistrate exercised a singular want of discretion
in inflicting more than a nominal fine. It is too
bad to have a distress issued for any sum what-
soever against the goods of a meritorious citizen
for refusing to do what he believed to be con-
trait to his duty as a Christian. We earnestly
hope that the Legislature may next session pre-
vent the possibility of a repetition of such pro-
ceedings.

THE AMERICAN MINISTER AT MANCHESTER.—The
American ambassador to this country, the Hon. James
Buchanan, arrived in Manchester, on Saturday evening,
from York, on a private visit to Mr. Steil, of the firm
of Crofts and Steil, the well-known North American
merchants in that city. His Excellency was entertained
at a private dinner party, at the residence of Mr. Stell,
Broom-house, Cheetham.
LrvaurooL, Wednesday.—This forenoon the United
States mail steam-ship Arctic, Captain James C. Luce,
sailed from the Mersey for New York with the usual
snails, and a full complement of passengers and cargo on
freight.
The Indus, which left Southampton yesterday with
the East India and China mail, took out the large num-
ber of 163 passengers ; she took out also a quantity of
coffee for the British army and fleet in the East. A
large quantity of medical stores for the English fleet and
army in the East, which arrived in Southampton after
the cargo of the Indus was on board, could not be sent
out for want of room.
A letter from Toulon, dated yesterday, states that a
portion of the Russian prisoners captured atßomarsund
are expected there, to be employed in repairing the for-
tifications. Considerable activity prevails in the dock-
yard, in fitting out ships to reinforce the fleet in the
Black Sea.
General Guyon has been finally recalled from Kars.
He is or was a good soldier, but the dislike with which
he is regarded by the officers makes his recall necessary,
even if undeserved.
Le Phare de la Manche mentions the arrival at Cher-
bourg of the several transports returning from the Baltic
with the first division of the expeditionary corps.
On Sunday morning, a funeral service was per-
formed in the chapel of the military hospital of
Lille, in memory of seven hospital orderlies be-
longing to that place, wbo bad been ordered, six weeks
before, to join the expedition to the Baltic, where they
fell victims to the epidemic. On the catafalque
erected in the centre of the chapel were placed the
uniform and the modest insignia of the deceased,
among whom were two sergeants and a corporal.
At the extremity, behind the altar was displayed a
trophy of arms, and the walls were hung in black
velvet. dotted with silver drops. This funeral cere-
mony, which was attended by several superior officers
and the whole of the hospital staff, had attracted a con-
siderable crowd, who joined with great fervour in the
prayers fcr the repose of the souls of these soldiers, who
met their death in the service of their country.
THE PINCH OF WAR IN RUSSIA.—The Russians not
in their own country, and travellers arriving from the
dominions of the Emperor Nicholas, give but a sorry
picture of the situation in which the Muscovite nation
now is. The nobles, from inability to sell their corn, axe
sadly distressed, and are mortgaging their property to a
great hypothecary establishment, and the government is
a customer at the same time. The cereAls now stored
up in the southern ports of Russia are estimated at not
less than 16 millions of hectolitres. Not being able to
export them, the owners are selling them at the very
lowest prices. The Russian Government is obliged to
take from the proprietors what is required for the keep
of the troops, informing those from whom they take that
the value of what is taken shall be deducted from their
contributions. Nevertheless this indemnification is not
conceded at present.—lndependence Beige.
THE RIOTS AT SCHIEDAM.— The Burgomaster of
Schiedam has discharged the order forbidding more than
two persons to stand together in the streets, The mili-
tary also have been withdrawn.
CONFESSION OF THREE MURDERS.—The Banner of
Ulster says :—" David Shaw, a soldier of the 92d depot,
at present stationed in Belfast, has confessed himself to
be a murderer on three different occasions in the city of
Troy (U.S.) One of the victims, it is stated, was an
Italian boy, named Antonia,, an organ-player, and the
others an aged couple. Shaw, who is a native of
America, and about whose statement there is a good
deal of mystery, is at present in the gaol of Belfast, un-
dergoing the sentence of a court-martial."
The printing press and types of the Dundalk Demo-
crat, together with sundry other goods and chattels of
the proprietor, have been seized at the suit of Lord
Clermont for the sum of 3301., the amount of the ver-
dict obtained by his lordship, and of the bill of costs in
the late action for libel against that journal. It is sup-
posed that the indemnity fund at present in course of
collection from Mr. Cartan will prevent the paper from
being discontinued.
LETTERS STOLEN BY A LETTRa-CARRIER.---Yesterday
a :e:ter carrier at Manchester, named Thomas Perceval,
was brought up, OR remand, before the magistrates,
charged with stealing a letter containing six rings, be-
longing to Mr. Pope, jeweller, Cannon-street, value 401.
It was proved that the prisoner was letter-carrier for
the 4th division, including Cannon street, and that on
the 3d August the rings were posted by Mr. James
Harrison, jeweller, Birmingham, but were never de-
livered. Tile further hearing of this case was adjourned.
ALLEGED' MURDER.—COWES, Sept. 20.—Jose Mar-
tiriez de Castro, a Portuguese sailor, one of the crew of

the American ship Alestro, Captain Bassett, which has
recently put in here from Havana to receive orders, was
brought up yesterday, on an ex radition warrant, under
the Ashburton treaty, obtained from the Secretary of
State, before Captain Berners, for examination, on the
charge of having murdered Charles L. Rutter, chief
mate of the above ship. After some inquiry, the magis-
trate decided that the case was not one of murder, and
he thereforeleould not go further into thesase. The Por-
tuguese was discharged.
HYDROPHOBIA IN A HORSE.—A correspondent of the
Mark-lane Express, dating from Whetstone, relates the
following case :—Six or seven weeks ago I had a valu-
able cart mare bitten by a strange dog. My man was
in the chaff-house, and he was aroused by a sudden
rearing, plunging, and unusual noise ; he immediately
entered the stable, and thought he saw a small dog jump
out of the manger and leave the stable ; he thought
this must have frightened the animal, as it was dusk.
I told him to bring it out to the light, when we observed
three or four long scratches or incisions just deep
enough to draw blood ; an uneasy thought crossed my
mind at the moment, but it was soon forgotten, and it
was only last week that I was pleasing myself that the
mare was improving in condition. On Monday last she
appeared to have a sore throat. I sent for the farrier,
who administered some remedy, and ordered fomenta-
tion, which was very frequently applied. She appeared
something better on Tuesday morning, but towards
evening became worse, and eventually quite rabid—
starting and shivering at the sound of water, and snap-
ping at everything within reach—and at last we found
it necessary to kill her.
DREADFUL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—FALL OF A TUN-
NEL.—LEEDS, Tuesday Noon.—A portion of the Bran-
hope tunnel, about six and a quarter miles from Leeds,
on the Leeds and Think, or Leeds northern section of
the lines now amalgamated under the title of the North
Eastern Railway Company's lines fell in this forenoon,
about half-past eleven o'clock, as a lone. passenger train
was passing through it from the north towards Leeds.
The tunnel in question is nearly three miles long, and
its northern entrance is within a very short distance
from the station from Arthington, Pool, Otley, Ilkley,
&c. A vast quantity of water was encountered in the
course of constructing the tunnel, and was not over-
come without the expenditare of a vast sum of money
for labour, materials, and engineering skill. At the
present moment it is hazardous to venture an opinion as
to the cause of the accident ; but it may happen that the
fall of the tunnel has been owing to the water with
which some of the strata of the ridge of hills through
which the tunnel passes are, undoubtedly, disturbed.
Three of the carriages have been buried in the debris o
the tunnel. No lives were lost.

IMPORTANT TO RAILWAY COMPANIES AND EXCUR-
EIONisTs.—On Tuesday, a case of much interest was
heard at Oxford, by the city magistrates, before whom
four respectable tradesmen of that city and neighbour.
hood were summoned at the instance of the Great
Western Railway Company, for having on the 14th inst.
made use of a ticket issued on the 13th, whereby the
company were defrauded in the sum of is. lid. by each.
The facts were as follow :--On the 13th, Wychwood
Forest Fair was held, and to induce the Oxonians to be
present, the. Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway Com-
pany advertised trains to go at stated times in the day
from Oxford to Charlbury—the latter place being the
nearest station to the forest— of which upwards of 1,100
availed themselves, and to start back at six o'clock, and
every hour after up to eleven o'clock, the return ticket
for the day being charged at the single fare price. The
defendants were too late for the last train, and conse-
quently had to stay all night at Charlbury. On the fol-
lowing morning they left by the first train, mad on arriv-
ing at Oxford, refused to pay their fare, is. 11d., which
was demanded of them. The defendants contended that
the railway company hail broke faith with the public by
net carrying out their contract. And to show that they
were anxious to get back to Oxford that night, they had
been from Charlbury t• the station twice between the
hours of 9 and 11 o'clock, but there were no trains to
convey them. The Charlbury station master admitted
that, although the company advertised trains to start
back every hour, that only three started instead of
seven. The magistrates consulted with closed doors,
and on the admission of the public, the chairman an-
nounced that they were unanimous in dismissing the
summons, and that the costs must be paid by the com-
pany. The parties, we understand, intend bringing an
action in the Oxford County Court against the company
fur loss of time and their night's expenses at Charlbury.
DISGRACEFUL SCENE.—A young man suddenly seized
with cholera in a lodging-house in Back of the Barns,
Hamilton, was forcibly turned out by the inmates to the
open street. The doctor and inspector of poor were im-
mediately sent for, when the man was found in the first
stage of collapse. The inspector insisted on the patient
being removed back into the house, on which the in-
mates forthwith deserted it, carrying with them every
stick and rag of plenishing in the house, leaving the sick
man bare boards and walls. The inspector and medical
visitor provided a nurse, and gave the poor fellow every
attention. A considerable crowd was gathered in the
street, who were very loud in condemnation of the in-
human and cowardly conduct of the lodging-house
people.—Okagow Mcfff.

.. _ _ ~ • ~ V

COURT CIRCULAR.

BALMORAL, SEPT. 18.
Yesterday her Majesty the Queen and his Royal
Highness the Prince, attended by her Grace the Duchess
of Wellington, the lion. Elinor Stanley, Major-General
the Hon. C. Grey, and Col. the Hon. C. Phipps, were
present at Divine service at the parish church at Crathie.
The Rev. A. Anderson performed the service.

SEPTEMBER 19.
Her Majesty the Queen and the Prince walked out
yesterday, and in the afternoon drove in the neighbour-
hood of Abergeldie. The royal children took exercise
on horseback and on foot.

A deputation from the parish of St. Clement Danes
had an interview yesterday with the President of the
General Board of Health at his office, Whitehall. The
deputation consisted of Messrs. J. Turnbull, T. Chap-
man, and J. Livett.

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.

LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY.

A meeting of the general committee was held this
afternoon at 1 o'clock, at St. George's Hall, and some
preliminary business was transacted. A report was read
from the Kew Observatory, which is under the direction
of the Association, relating to certain improvements in
astronomical instruments. Another one was read from
the Parliamentary Committee, and was also received.
The officers for the various sections were then appointed,
and the meeting separated.
This evening, the Earl of Harrowby will deliver the
inaugural address at the Philharmonic Hall.

THE CHOLERA.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—Having noticed in The Sun of Saturday, 9th
inst., the extrardinary statement made to Alderman
Farebrother, attributing the cholera to the old and de-
composed wheat consumed in this and other countries,
I respectfully request the insertion of the following,
which will, I think, plainly show that bad bread, if not
the sole cause of cholera, tends greatly to aggravate that
disease.

In the year 1836, the British Legion were quartered
in Vittoria, and during that time the ration bread be.
came worse and worse, until it was at such a quality
the men could scarcely eat it, in proportion as the bread
became bad, so sickness appeared, and increased to such
an extent that the mortality was frightful. The men were
seized with sickness and purging, accompanied by fever,
and a jaundiced appearance. It was called by various
names—flux, dysentery, black fever, &c. It matters little
what name we gave it, the work of death was well per-
formed, the troops died by hundreds, and numbers
were unfit for duty. Stalking through the town like
ghosts—such frightful ravages did it make, that
several regiments were brokn up and ceased to be.
At length it was rumoured the bread was poisoned, and
this gained ground until it was proved it had been adul-
terated to a great extent ; and the two bakers, who had
been in the pay of the enemy, were arrested, and suf-
fered death by the garotte. Many wero the reasons
assigned as the cause of the mortality. One I well re-
member to be, that rye flour had been used in a diseased
state, well known as ergoted. Now, ergot of rye (the
Secede Cornuta of the druggists) is a powerful medicine ;
and, on referring to Gray's Supplement to the Phar-
macopheia, I find this explanation :--" The discoloured
flour of spurred rye (ergot) mixed with. bread, occasions
gangrene of extremities"—gangrene or mortification of
the extremities. Now, is not this enough to cause the
strictest investigation to be made as to the quality of the
flour consumed in this country? If rye is not used some
vile compound is sold for flour that is not fit for
human food ; and I question if wheat kept for years,
until it is alive with animalculm and stinking enough
to poison us, would not engender disease, and
predispose us to cholera. The greater part of
the cheap flour is consumed by the poor, and they are
sufferers by disease to a greater extent than those who
can procure more wholesome food. If Government can
pass a bill to insure us the quality of a gold chain—an
article for ornament—surely their attention ought to be
called to the quality of flour, so that the public shall not
be compelled to eat any trash that may be brought to
the market, to the danger of their lives.

Wheat has been stored in this country for many years,
and some was sold not long back that, according to the
statement of the man who dressed it, " was all alive.
and the smell of it was enough to suffocate him." .1
hope the medical body will turn their attention to this
subject, for it is one of vital importance to the public.
W. S. GERARD.
Botolph-street, Norwich, Sept. 20, 1854.

MAZZINI.—We are authorised to state positively that
the report of Mazzini's arrest at Basle is false, and that
he is safe.
DEATH OF THE HON. CAPTAIN GORE.—The Wexford
Independent, alluding to this melancholy event, parti-
culars of which arrived by the Great Western, says :
'e We regret to hear of the death of Captain the Hon.
Robert Gore, R.N., her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires at
Monte Video, which melancholy event took place sud-
denly, on the 4th August, from apoplexy.
DEATH OF SIR GEORGE ARTHUR, BART.—We are

eorry to announce the demise of this lunch-respected
baronet, who expired on Tuesday, at his town residence,
after a lengthened illness. Sir George entered the army
in 1304, as ensign in the 91st Foot, attained the rank of
major-general in 1840, and was appointed colonel of the
50th Foot in 1853. Sir George was Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Upper Canada, previously to the union of the
upper and lower provinces ; and from 1842 to 1840 he
filled the important office of Governor of Bombay. The
deceased baronet was born at Plymouth in 1784, and
married in 1814 the daughter of Major-General Sr John
Smith. He is succeeded by his eldest son, Sir Frederick
Arthur, Bart.
DEATH OF THE MEMBER FOR FROME.—The last mail

from the East announces the death of the Hon. Col

Boyle, member for Frome. The gallant officer
suc-
cumbed, on the 3d inst., atVarna, to repeated attacks of
fever, in the 43d year of his age. His remains were com-
mitted to the deep by order of Admiral Dundas, to
whom he was related. The deceased officer was second
surviving son of the Bth Earl of Cork and Orrery. His
military career began in 1826, when he entered the army
as ensign ; he became a captain and • lieutenant-colonel
in the Coldstream Guards in 1845, and a major in the
army in 1846. Last year he was appointed secretary to
the Master-General of the Ordnance. In politics he was
a Liberal, and has represented Frome in Parliament since
1847.

OXFORD, Sept. 20.—The funeral of the Rev. William
Thompson, D.D., principal of this hall and rector of
Gatcombe, Isle of Wight, took place this morning. The
mournful cortege left the Principal's lodgings soon after
eleven o'clock, and proceeded to the chapel of St. Ed-
mund Hall. The beautiful service for the dead was
most impressively read by the Rev. the Principal. The
deceased lies buried within a few'feet of his predecessor,
Dr. Grayson. The perpetual right of nominating a
principal of this ball was vested by an Act of Congrega-
tion, in 1559, in the hands of the Provost and Fellows
of Queen's College. We understand that the election by
the society of Queen's College is generally a mere matter
of form—that, like any other piece of preferment be-
longing to the college, the Senior Fellow has the choice
of accepting or refusing. The Senior Fellow is the Rev.
William Fisher Audland, D.D.

GILTSPUR-STREET COMPTER.—This morning workmen
were employed in marking out the remaining portions
of the Giltspur-street Prison for sale in lots. The ne-
gotiation between the Corporation of the City, and of
Christ Church Hospital has not terminated satisfactorily,
and it has not been decided how the site is to be appro-
priated, but tha ground is to be cleared with all possible
despatch.
RE-OPENING OF KING-STREET, CHEAPSIDE. This
important thoroughfare, which has been closed for some
time past fer re-paving, was re-opened this morning,
affording free access to Guildhall, and greatly assists the
traffic from Cheapside, which is fearfully over-crowded,
owing to Newgate-street and the greater part of Gre-
sham-street having also been blocked up.
DECREASE OF CHOLERA..—Yesterday the St. Pancras
Sanitary Board held a meeting in the new Vestry-hall,
King's-road, Camden-town ; Mr. Wright in the chair.
Reports were presented from the numerous medical staff
of the parish. From each district the results are of the
most gratifying character, and show a marked ameliora-
tion in the sanitary condition of the parish. Mr. Wor-
rell, registrar for the Gray's-inn-lane district, attended
before the board, for the purpose of correcting a state-
ment which had been made through a weekly paper.
THE NAVAL PACKET SERVICE AND THE WAlL—Ac-
cording to the Government mail contract with the Royal
West India Mail Company, if from any change in the
relations between this kingdom and any foreign coun-
tries, or from war or other causes distinctly of a public
and national character, the rate of insurance for steam
♦essels, and the freight payable by the company for
coals which may be sent out from the United Kingdom,
to be used in the performance of their contract, and the
rate of insurance on such coals shall have been raised
above the averages of 61. Gs. per cent. per annum, and
1/. 2s. 6d. per ton for the freight, and 21. 2s. per cent.
for the insurance of coals, the company shall be paid an
additional yearly sum according to the increase above
the aforementioned averages, but the additional sum is
not to exceed 75,0001. per annum, The Royal West
India Mail Company have made a claim on the Govern-
ment for nearly the whole of the above sum.
CHANGES IN THE ARMY OF THE EAST.—OOI. Airey, late
Brigadier-General of the 2d brigade of the Light Divi-
sion, has been appointed Quartermaster-General of the
army, in the room bf Lord de Ros, who has come home.
Col. Airey is to be succeeded in the command of his bri-
gade by Major-General Codrington, late Colonel of the
Guards. Lieutenant-Colonel Wilbraham, 7th Regiment,
has succeeded to the post of Adjutant-General to the
2d Division, vacant by the death of Colonel Mamie.
A melancholy accident happened during the embarka-
tion of the troops at Varna. One of the large boats, in
which were a number of Zeuaves, was upset, and from
25 to 28 of them were drowned.—Semaphore de Mar-
seilles.

SIEGE OPERATIONS AT CHATHAM.—The Royal Sappers
and Miners, together with those of the East India Com-
pany's service, are progressing with the works for the
siege. The attack on the left of Chatham Lines is fast
drawing to a termination, when the crowning of the
glacis will be commenced. This, no doubt, will be
effected by a lodgment, in which the single and flying
sap will be employed; when breaching and counter bat-
teries will be constructed. When these works are coin-.
pleted a night attack and defence of a citadel will take
place, in which troops of all arms of the garrison will
take part.—Kentie& Gazette.


'L •

LATEST NEWS.

THE WAR.

THE EXPEDITION TO THE
CRIMEA.
LANDING OF THE TROOPS,

VIENNA,
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 20.

Advices from Constantinople of the 16th an-
nounce that 25,000 French, 25,000 English, and
8,000 Turks landed safely at Eupatoria on the
14th, without meeting any resistance.

They immediately commenced marching on Se.
bastopol.

The transports returned to Varna for the reserve.
This is perfectly authentic.
VIENNA, THURSDAY MORNING.
Kertch has been blockaded by Admiral Lyons
since the 4th.

Ships, with troops, are off the fortress of Kin-
burn and Island of Tendra, near Odessa. This is
doubtless with a view of intercepting any Russian
reinforcements intended for the Crimea.

CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 11.
The diplomatic rupture between Turkey and
Persia is officially contradicted.

A naw council has been appointed to deliberate
upon the complete application of the laws for
strengthening the power of the Government, for
the furtherance of the public welfare, for
the general administration of justice,' the re-
establishment of a financial system, and for the
amelioration of the condition of all the subjects of
the Porte.

The Greek Ambassador bas arrived at Con•

stantinople.

Fuad Effendi is recalled from Thessaly.

THE PR INCIPALITIES.

ENGAGEMENT WITH BASHI-BAZOUKS-

FOUR HUNDRED KILLED.
Accounts from Rutschuk mention a severe en•
counter between the regular Ottoman troops and
the Bashi-bazouks. Omer Pacha had a large body
of the latter surrounded. They refused to give up
their arms, and fired upon the soldiers. Artillery
'was brought out, and a regular engagement ensued,
ending in the destruction of 400 of these marau-
ders. The rest have been disarmed and sent home.
A letter from Bucharest of the 10th states
that the ex-Prince Milosch has been denounced as
the head of a gang of spies, and that one of his
agents has been arrested. The matter is being in-
vestigated. Notice had been given to Omer Pacha
that the Austrian troops would enter Moldavia on
the 16th by three points at the same time. •

ATTACK ON SEBASTOPOL.
The following is an extract of a letter from Con•
stantinople, just received :

" Should a campaign commence against the enemy in
the field it is impossible to say what time will elapse be-
fore the citadel and forts of Sebastopol are invested; but
should the landing he unopposed and regular siege ope-
rations at once commenced, it is possible to obtain some-
thing like an approximation to the course of events for
the next two or three weeks, so far as time is concerned.
The troops can certainly be landed in three days, some
persons say in less, but the former is the opinion of the
more experienced, and accords. with what has been al-
ready seen of the motions of the army. Should the de-
barkation therefore commence about the 11th, it will be
complete, and the army ready to move by the 15th.
I believe it is intended that, when the army, with its
light guns, &e., has effected a landing, it should
march to meet the transports with the heavy
siege train, which will coast along to the neighbour.:
hood of the town. The debarkation of the various
munitions of war will occupy about a week ; and the
engineering works for the attack of the place may
be expected to commence about the 22d. A high
authority declares his belief that the real work of the
campaign will hardly commence before the Ist of Octo-
ber ; but it is probable that, if no delays occur, the work
may be begun about a week sooner. Should it be pos-
sible to maintain an army in the Crimea up to the mid-
dle of November, these will be about six weeks to be
devoted to the siege—a time perhaps sufficient, but cer-
tainly not too much, particularly when discouragement
prevails, and the prophets of evil have high command in
the attacking force.

Enthusiasm, a neglect in attending to dates, and to
'the details of military movements, have a tendency to
make people at home hurry forward the events of war in
their imaginations. In this case the future may be cal
culated upon, for a short time at least, with some hope
of accuracy, and therefore it will be as well for the pub-
lic not to look for the news of any great event for a good
fortnight after the sailing of the expedition. The course
has been decided to be by the northern route, along the
mouths of the Danube and the shores of Russia, so that
it will be possible to anchor at any time. Should the
weather be unfavourable, the transit may possibly occupy
as much as 10 days."

members, must be constituted to discuss and regulate
them.

"Such are the points on which are concentrated our
desires. Reliiion, zeal for the general good, and pa-
triotism, require that each one should labour with ardour
in the solution of questions so useful to public affairs.
" It will therefore be necessary that the Ministers and
the functionaries, forgetting their particular advantage,
should consecrate all their efforts to the general interests
—interests in which eaoh has naturally his part.
"Let, therefore, the labour be sincerely and faithfully
undertaken, with all the attention and all the zeal pos-
sible, for the organisation of the necessary rules and re-
gulations.
" May the Most High recompense in this world as
well as in the other those who march with zeal and pro-
bity in the way which we lay down, and may He punish
those who dare to diverge from it,
" So let it be."