The Sun.
London, England, 1854-08-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST lO, 1854.

LATEST NEWS.

THE WAR.

ORDER OF THE CZAR FOR THE EVACUA-

TION OF THE PRINCIPALITIES.

The Moniteur of this (Thursday) morning pub-
lishes the following :
'• The Russian envoy has announced to the Cabi-
net of Vienna that the Emperor Nicholas has
ordered the complete evacuation of Wallachia and
Moldavia. Notwithstanding this declaration, Count
Buol exchanged notes on the Bth with Baron de
Bourqueney and Lord Westmoreland, from which
it results that Austria, like France and England,
is of opinion that guarantees must be exacted from
Russia to prevent a return of complications which
disturb the quiet of Europe ; and engages itself,
until the re-establishment of general peace, not to
enter into any treaty with the Cabinet of St.
Petersburg, unless those guarantees are obtained.
The subjoined was received at Vienna on Tues-
day :

BUCHAREST, Aug. 7.—The Turkish vanguard,
under Skender Bey, is just entering the town
amidst the rejoicings of the inhabitants.
Omer Pacha remains temporarily at Rustchuk.
Ismael Pacha is at Kalogareni.
The Russian head-quarters are removed to
Busco.

Four Russian regiments are crossing the Pruth.
Prince Gortschakoff has officially announced to
Austria the retreat of the Russian army of occu-
pation beyond the Pruth, but declines to say from
what motives.
The following despatch, dated Vienna, Aug. 9,
and published in the Moniteur this morning, con-
firms a portion of the above :
" The Turkish avant-garde entered Bucharest
on the sth.
"The retreat of the Russians continues in Wal-
lachia, and has commenced in Moldavia.
" Various regiments have re-crossed the Pruth."

'‘ ODESSA TO BE TAKEN" BY THE ALLIED

ARMIES.

" CONSTANTINOPLE, Aug. 3.—The Turkish squa-
dron, with flat-bottomed boats for landing cavalry
and artillery, has entered the Black Sea.
" Odessa is to be taken ; that port has been
chosen to establish quarters.

" Twenty allied steamers are reconnoitring the
coast of the Crimea.

" SMYRNA, Aug. 2.—The cholera is disappear-
ing. The cruisers have take 4, eight pirates at

Samos.

" All the Anglo-French ships have been ordered

to Varna.

" Four divisions of troops have been shipped

there.

" The Spitfire and Vesuvius have destroyed the
village of Salina, sparing only the church and
lighthouse.

" The commanders at Kars are to be tried by
court- martial."

EXPEDITION TO THE CRIMEA.
We read in a Constantinople letter, of July 30,
that Sir George Brown, General Canrobert, and.
Sir Edmund Lyons returned to Varna on Thurs-
day, on board the Agamemnon. It is now gene-
rally believed that the expedition to the Crimea
will leave Varna within the next fortnight. Though
the point fixed upon for effecting a landing is
naturally not known, it is generally believed that
the peninsula of Taman will be chosen for that pur-
pose. You will already have learnt that the little
town of Sulina, at the mouth of the Danube, has
been burnt. The inhabitants, who are all Greeks,
were continually firing upon the boats of the
squadron. When the late Captain Hyde Parker
stormed the stockade held by the Russians, these
people repeatedly fired upon his men. They have all
fled to Tultscha ; before doing so, however, they
plundered an unfortunate Dutch merchantman,
carrying off everything theycou Id lay their hands on.
The Inflexible, Captain Heath, has brought in
seven prizes from the Black Sea. Mohammed
Einin Pacha, lieutenant of Schamyl, arrived here
from Circassia, the day before yesterday, on board
the Ottoman frigate, Feizi Bahri. He is accom-
panied by sixty followers. The same ship has also
brought forty Russian prisoners, and a good deal
of booty. Mohammed Emin Pacha had an inter-
view yesterday with the Grand Vizir and the
Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went there in
full Circassian dress, together with his countrymen,
all armed to the teet. They have a very pic-
turesque appearance. The provinces of Thessaly
and Epirus are quiet, and the accountsfrom Greece
are in general satisfactory.
BITYUKDERE (on the Bosphorus), July 29.—The
fleet of transports lying here under the com-
mand of Captain Franklin, R.N., has just received
orders to start for Varna, and several of them are
weighing anchor; the remainder will start as soon
as the steamers return fur them from the Black
Sea. The whole of this afternoon the British and
French steamers were occupied in towing the Turk-
ish fleet out of the Bosphorous. It consists of four
three-deckers and several frigates, which are all
laden with the apparatus that has been constructed
in the Constantinople arsenal, and is intended for
landing the troops of the expedition for the Crimea.
The pontoons are lashed to the sides of the Turkish
men-of-war. The inhabitants of Buyukdere are
anxiously watching these manoeuvres. Numerous
telescopes protrude from every window, and a great
many persons are gathered on the beach, spite of
the broiling July sun. Buyukdere is certainly the
most lively summer residence on the Bosphorus,
and as little like a Turkish village as the most or-
thodox Greek could desire. Wealthy Armenians
and Perottes here have their villas, amongst which
the summer residences of the Austrian and Rus-
sian envoys may be remarkedthe former gay, and
every evening well illuminated—the
siglanttoefrlihfeid.
amongst a group of dark trees, with
Yesterday evening an excellent German band per-
formed on the quay, and drew out all the fashion-
ables and fair of the place—a perfectly European
scene of out-of-door parade, hats and bonnets being
worn in lieu of the fez and the elegant head-dress
of the Greek women. It is very curious to observe
how the non-Mussulman population ape European
dress and habits, whilst the strangers from the
West love to wear the turban, and otherwise to
adorn themselves with the dress of the land they
have come to visit. In the few public gardens and
coffee-houses of the Christian suburbs of Constanti-
nople, there is an anxious endeavour to get up
things a la Franca, to please European customers,
little knowing that the more Turkish the entertain-
ments, and the more Eastern the look of things,
the more pleasing to the eye of the stranger.

CONSTANTINOPLE. ,
CONSTANTINOPLE, Aug. 3.—A1l English and
French vessels at Constantinople are ordered to
Varna. Admiral Boxer commands the transport
squadron. On the 29th of July a flotilla of flat-
bottomed boats was sent from the arsenal to the
Black Sea.

•
Cholera, says a Constantinople letter of July
27th, has appeared in a malignant form in the army
and among the seamen in some of the vessels in
the Bosphorus. For some weeks cases of diarrhoea
have been common, and the more cautious have
abstained from fruit, vegetables, and such like un-
wholesome productions. During this time, and
especially for the last fortnight, cases of decided
cholera were known to have occurred among the
allied troops ; but it was hoped that the malady
might rest there, and that filo forces might be
spared any more serious infliction. However, on
Monday last the disease commenced its ravages on
the most frightful scale among the troops, and here
also. Although the -visitation has not yet been
serious, there are signs that it may at any hour
take an equally appalling form. For several days
almost every stranger has been attacked with a
malady, which, if not cholera, yet may evidently
soon lapse into that disease, and no small alarm
has been occasioned by the severity and wide ex-
tent of the visitation. Two or three deaths have
taken place in the vessels in port, but as yet
no account of a fatal case on shore has tran-
spired. The vast quantity of melons, unripe plums,
and cucumbers, which are exposed on every
side, seem likely, to invite the disease, and should
it make its appearance in a form as malignant as
at Varna, there can be no doubt that its effects will
b army havee severe among the lower classes. The deaths-in
the
risen to a most serious amount ; it is
stated that already nearly 200 have perished, and
when it is considered that the pestilence has only
just begun,
it becomes of importance to take in-
.

stant means to check the evil. Perhaps no slight
part of the disaster is owing to the idle and station-
ary life of the troops. Indian officers, accustomed
to deal with armies in hot climates, have asserted
all along that sickness would attack the army if
kept for weeks unoccupied within its lines, and
that the only way to keep the men healthy was to
give them constant employment and something of
the excitement of war. By the next post I hope
to give a better account of the public health in
these parts, but the public should be prepared for
great losses, and individuals for their own
private bereavements. When the Russian army has
lost 40,000 by sickness since the commencement
of the war, and the Turks nearly as many,
it cannot be expected that our own army should
remain unscathed. A well-organized medical ser-
vice will no doubt diminish the mortality, and
strict discipline will prevent the introduction into
the camp of unwholesome food. In the latter
respect both soldierand sailor require to be looked.
after. They are so accustomed to have every-
thing regulated for them by their superiors that
they become like children, and exercise hardly any
judgment even in matters relating to their own
particular health. The seamen neglect to change
their wet clothes unless specially ordered to do so,
and the soldiers will eat hard plums and green
apples whenever those articles are to be had from
the itinerant sellers.

Sir George Brown and staff returned on Thursday
last, after a reconnaissance in the Fury, in which
they were enabled to count the very guns of
Sebastopol. The Fury stood off the port quietly
at night, and about 2 o'clock ran in softly, and
stopped within 2,000 yards of the batteries. There
she remained till 6 o'clock in the morning. As the
general was counting the guns an officer observed a
suspicious movement in the muzzle of it, and in a
moment afterwards a shot roared through the
rigging. This was a signal to quit, and the Fury
steamed out of harbour as fast as she could ; but
the shot came after her still faster. A shell burst
close to her, and one shot went through her hull ;
fortunately no one was hurt.
Sir George Brown is supposed to have advised
immediate action, and orders were, in consequence,
at once despatched, which have occasioned the
movement of the transport. Varna is quite full of
vessels ; they are wedged together in hundreds.
The smell of.the beach is sickening.
The cholera has assumed a milder form, and the
percentage of death has decreased. The loss now
is estimated at 16 a day.

THE CIRCASSIAN COAST.
We extract the following from a letter of the
18th July, from the Circassian Coast :—Some ac-
count of the Circassian Coast, the result of ob-
servations during a month's cruise there, will pro-
bably not be unacceptable just now. We touched
at every place from Chouruksu, near Batoum (the
head-quarters of the Turkish forco under Selim
Pasha), to the neighbourhood of Soujak, which is
still held by the Russians. The Russian forts of
Circassia are so similar that a description of one or
two would apply to nearly all. They are dotted
along the whole coast, at intervals of about ten
miles, and are usually near the mouths of small
mountain rivers, so as to command the valleys
through which these streams find their way to the
sea. These little rivers are rarely navigable
even for small boats. There is generally a
bar over which a ship's gig can sometimes be
piloted in very fine weather, but even the pent-
up water will hardly float her for more than a
hundred yards. The intervening country gene-
rally consists of very rugged hills, matted with
dense primeval forests, impenetrable from the sea.
The forts are generally admirably constructed of
hewn stone, a soft sandstone brought from Korth.
As the Circassians have no cannon, a height un-
usual in modern forts has judiciously been given to
the walls, so as to guard against escalade. They
are usually square, loopholed for musketry along
the sides, and with towers at the angles, mounted
with four or five large traversing brass and iron
guns. A mortar or two in the centre completed the
armaments. The garrison, from 500 to 1,000 strong,
occupied wooden barracks in the interior, where
also there was occasionally a small church. On the
outside astrong stockade enclosed a few outhouses,
dr,c.,and protected a fruit and vegetable garden
adjoining. The natives universally assert that the
Russians were strictly shut up in these military
prisons, and that, whenever the wants of a few un-
fortunate horses or cattle (their fellow-prisoners)
obliged them to venture half-a-mile froin the fort
in search of fodder, they sallied out in battle array,
with field guns and fixed bayonets. As the
Russians had gun-boats cruising between the
forts, of course they dictated to the coasting trade,
and held the whole coast in a grasp of iron. Custom-
houses at Souchum-Kaleh and other principal
points levied rapacious duties on all imports. The
Trebizond Turks appear to have been the greatest
promoters of barter, and its accompanying civilisa-
tion. All along the coast you find a sprinkling of
these Turks, who have adopted the Circassian dress,
language, and a native wife. These settlers form
the sole shopkeepers and small traders. At pre-
sent, now that the Custom-house robber has ab-
sconded, one or two large Trebizond trading boats,
with gay red flags, may ba seen hauled up out of
the reach of the surf, near each of the forts. Na-
tives, bestriding wild-looking ponies, soon:assemble,
and toss on the ground compact goat-skin packages
of corn. Their tall sheepskin caps, long becart-
ridged tunics, slung rifles, kept in shaggy goatskin
covers, with one large bright pistol stuck through
the girdle in the hollow of the back, strikingly
contrast with thegaudy shabby cottons which form
the Turkish sailor's scanty dress. The party squats
down, the Turk fills and empties a wooden measure
of salt, [then hands it over to the Circassian, who
fills the same measure twice with corn. Such is
the simple barter, which is much on the increase
since the flight of the Russians. Money is almost
unknown, and is nearly useless on the coast ; salt
and common white calico (universally called
Americaine) are its representatives. As to that
extraordinary practice, the sale of damsels, it un-
doubtedly is common, and has been long so. The
Russians are accused of conniving at the trade. The
lowest price appears to be 1001. ; far a very first-
such high prices must be a man of sub-
rate article you must pay 4001. Now, a purchaser
ableha t
stance doapnaystation ; consequently the beauty gains
I am told they do not object to elsewhere,
position and luxury. True, the future husband
and wife are total strangers to each other ; in
civilised life natural hypocrisy before marriage
often secures the same result. Adventurous
English mammas sometimes send out a batch of
daughters to India. The principle is much the
same,. but the Circassians have those advantages—
the girl exchanges barbarism and poverty for com-
parative civilisation and comfort, and the weeping
mamma is consoled for the loss ofherdarling by solid
cash. To return to the torts. Afew poplar trees, a stray
rose bush, or a gaunt cat are the only living things
which meet your sight on entering them ; all else
is ruin and utter desolation. A few charred stumps
mark the site of what was once barracks; a con-
fused heap of cut stone, half-buried guns, and
iron gun carriage-wheels mark what was once a
corner tower. One, perhaps, remains entire. The
wreck of property, amounting tet hundreds of thou-
sand pounds, fills the mind with amaze. Tons upon
;
tons of grape-shot, shells, cir,c., are strewed about
in prodigal profusion • in all directions they pave
the ground and embarrass one's steps. That huge
military quack the Czar seems to have but one nos-
trum for all human affairs—grapeshot and shells !
For twenty years he has been trying to make
friends with, to subdue, to civilise, to convert
these
obstinate mountaineers with grapeshot.
Want of
success never induces him to try some
milder plan • no' grapeshot for ever ! and if he goes
on for 50 years more with grapeshot, he will fail..
Most of the chiefs with whom I have made
acquaintance have been wounded. Though these
forts are not very strong towards the sea, it would
have cost the allies much time, life, and money to
have taken them. They were of course abandoned
from the imossibility of feeding the garrisons now
that the seeps not theirs ; but they we re scrambled
out of them with strange precipitation, notwith-
standing the account of the complete removal of
stores in St. Petersburg official account.. At
Souchum-Kaleh, the largest and most important of
them,
place at this season, with very good houses,
and a lovely botanic garden. They must have.
nearly everything was left. It is a charming
left it with great regret.
.As for the native
chieftains, they are glorious fellows tall,
~
ruagnificiertfl
y dressed, and fine featured ; it is
impossible to view them as savages. Among
them the Naib (Enim Bey), Schamyl's lieutenant
will seems law along the
or representative, is the most powerful and the
most thoughtful. His
whole coast from Soujak to the Anakria River.
Within those limits along the coast all are Maho-

_ _.........._
medans,7nd during the nine or ten years of his
residence among the Western Caucasians (being a
native of Schamyl's, or the eastern country, Daghes_
tan), ho has built mosques, created schools, and, in
short, excited a revival of religion a la Wesley.
" Before he came we were beasts," said a chief to
me lately, "and now if he were to order us to
march into the sea, we should go without question."
Their hostility to Russia is inveterate and intelli-
gible, but they know well how unfit they are to cope
with the Russians out of their own mountains, and
the Russians equally well know them. Nevertheless,
I hope that they will not be altogether useless. Tlie
Naib is d ign ified and stately ; he moves with an escort
of wild mountaineer horsemen, preceded by a red
and buff banner ; his white Circassian tunic, yellow
vest, black cartridge cases, and tall gray sheepskin
Cap admirably sot off his dark, strongly-marked
face, In conversation you at once find him a very

superior man, clear in his views, thoroughly know-
ing his own position and that of his countrymen.
All the natives of the coast from Soujak to Anakria
are bitter against the Russians, with the exception
of one or two chieftains, who have received money
and honours from them ; but these are isolated
cases, and they have had no influence on the
people. The principal chief in Abasia, Hamid
Bey, was made a general and a prince (Prince
Michel) by the Russians. He received a hand-
some stipend and a share in the Customs' robbery.

CONCESSIONS BY RUSSIA TO POLAND.
A letter from Warsaw of the Ist, in the Press
of Vienna, says :—" The approaching arrival of the
Czar at Warsaw will be marked, it is said, by cer-
tain concessions to the Poles in the point of view
of their nationality. It is said that the assembly
of notables mentioned in the organic statute of the
kingdom of Poland of 1832, is to be convoked. The
establishments of public instruction are, it is said,
to be reopened, and the employment of the Polish
language in official acts, the publication of the an-
nual expenses and receipts, and the right to con-
sent to direct taxes ordered. The Polish army is
also, the report goes, to be re-establised, but under
the command of Russian officers. The 4th recruit-
ment is finished ; never had the population been
placed under contribution to such an extent."

MOBILISATION OF THE GERMAN
FEDERAL ARMY.
The mobilisation of the German Federal army
will take place very shortly, if we may believe the
following letter from Vienna in the Weser
Gazette :

" The accession of the Germanic Confederation to the
Austro-Prussian treaty of the 20th April will in a few
days acquire a practical signification. Austria and
Prussia are about to demand that the federal army shall
be called out and put on a war footing, and a circular to
that effect was sent on the 28th ult. to all the Austrian
ambassadors at the different German Courts. It may he
remembered that in the treaty in question the case was
reserved in which the contracting parties were to deter-
mine when their military forces should be placed on a
war footing as well as the number of them. The
representatives of Australia and Prussia are about to
propose in common the Diet to establish similar regula-
tions. This is what is announced by the circular of
Austria, according to which that power engages to place
on a war footing from 150,000 to 250,000 men, and
Prussia from 100,600 to 200,000, and the other German
States the half of their federal contingent. The contin-
gents of the petty states will form two corps d'armee
which will be charged to maintain the communications
between Austria and Prussia on the points indicated to
them. The circular observes that the case of necessity
which justifies these military armaments of Germany
has really arrived, and seeing the attitude and arma-
ments of Russia, no fresh proofs are required. Austria,
adds the circular, has already placed two of her armies
on a war footing, and Prussia has given the necessary
orders for doing the same. The entrance of the Austrians
into Wallochia gives reason to fear the probability of a
speedy collision with Russia, Germany must therefore
prove that all the forces of the Germanic Conferation are
ready to defend the frontiers of Austria against any
attack. It is necessary, were it only for the moral effect
which will result from it that at the moment when the
courts of Vienna and Berlin are about to take a last but
decisive step at St. Petersburg, this military measure
should be ordered without hesitation by the Confedera-
tion, and be carried into execution as promptly as possi-
ble. It is a vital question for the Confederation to
manifest an imposing activity, but it is necessary, in
order that this activity may be developed without
obstacles, that the representatives of the German Go-
vernments at the Diet should be furnished with the
fullest powers, in order that the deliberations may be
simplified and facilitated ; or, in other words, that the
Diet, which has hitherto been only the organ for enre-
gistering the resolutions of the Government, should
acquire such a degree of activity as to be able to perform
he functions of a kind of Central Council of War."

a Prussian professor, and this person exercises very
great influence over King Max of Bavaria. Madame
Donniges, his wife, is also a favourite with Queen
Maria, who, as you must be aware, is a Prussian
Princess. Not long since the Prussian ex-professor
visited Berlin, where he was received with very
great distinction, and, naturally, on his return to
Bavaria he was more than ever inclined to further
the interests of his native country. It is not yet
known what plan of operation was resolved on
when the tvyo German Monarchs met in the Bava-
rian capital, but it is considered probable that, as
soon as Austria attempts to force Russia to drop
her prey, a formidable coalition will be formed
against her in the Buud. A slight degree of trepida-
tion is evident here, but France, England, and Aus-
tria, firmly united, may laugh the Emperor of Russia
and all his German "toadies" to scorn. The prevalent
impression here is that Austria considers the ad-
vance of the Turkish army into Wallachia a kind of
breach of contract ; but if such be the case, this
Government is alone to blame. If the Austrians
had entered Wallachia on the 3d of last month, as
they had announced it to be their intention to do,
the Allies.would now have been actively employed
on the northern and eastern coasts of the Black
Sea, instead of losing health, tithe, and patience in
the north-east of Bulgaria. The Turks, notwith-
standing their proverbial slowness, have taken time
by the forelock, and have had the satisfaction cf
seeing the backs of the Russians, and of receiving
a deputation from the Wallachian capital on the
anniversary of the day on which, in 1853, their
enemies had entered it. No one is a greater advo-
cate than myself of an alliance between Aus-
tria and the Western Powers, but the move-
ments of this Government may render the
plans of the Turks and their allies nugatory.
Instead of carrying out her convention with the
Porte without further delay, Austria appears to be
only bent on obtaining one concession after the other
from the Porte. Th policy of Austria does not
appear to be straightforward in this matter, but at
all events the interests of England are well under-
stood and well cared for at Constantinople. The
correspondents of the Trieste Zeitung and Augsburg
Gazette continue to rail at Lord Redcliffe, and this
may be considered a sure sign that the noble lord is
considered the great obstacle to the realisation of
some plan which Baron Bruck has formed. The
British Ambassador, says one of the writers for the
last-mentioned paper, is unhappylest Austriashoul I
succeed in introducing a state of things in the Prin-
cipalities which may satisfy the inhabitants of those
provinces, " and raise a cordon against the 'plague
of revolution around the Austrian frontiers." It is
not in my power to say what is exactly meant, but
experience has taught me that whenever an en-
croachmentis about to be attempted, phrases similar
to that quoted are plentifully served up to the
public.