The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-03 00:00:00

SHIPPING RETURNS.

A return lately printed of the shipping and tonnage
of the United Kingdom furnishes a complete account of
the progress of British and colonial shipbuilding from
the year 1814 to the present time. One of the most re-
markable facts presented by this statement is the con-
stant tendency shown to increase the size of vessels. In
1814 the average capacity of all the ships constructed in
Great Britain during that year was 122 tons, while in
1852 it was 235 tons. Hence, although the aggregate
of new tonnage per annum has nearly doubled, the
figures having been 86,075 tons inlBls, against 167,491
last year, the number of vessels built each year has re-
mained nearly stationary, the total having been 706 in
1815, and 712 in 1852. In colonial-built ships this ten-
dency is observable to a still greater extent, their aver-
age capacity having been only 84 tons in 1815, while in
1851 it had risen to 207 tons. At the same time the
advance of the colonies has been such that, notwith-
standing the vast increase in the average capacity of
their ships, the number constructed likewise shows an
extraordinary augmentation. In 1815 they built 131
vessels, with a total capacity of 11,069 tons, and in
1851 the number was 680 vessels with a capacity of
141,116 tons. In the face of all the apprehensions on
account of the repeal of the Navigation Laws, the total
tonnage of English vessels annually constructed since
that event has shown a steady increase, and last year
it was larger than at any former time, with the excep-
tion of 1840 and 1841, when an unusual addition
was made in consequence of a speculative mania that
had prevailed for some time at Sunderland. In the co-
lonies the years 1840, 1841, 1842, and 1848 were the
most active ever known ; and, although after the latter
year, during which a great stimulus had been imparted
by the demand for freight occasioned by the famine
which had just been experienced on this side, a reaction
took place, there has subsequently been a steady reco-
very, until in 1851 the figures again rapidly approached
the total from which 'they had receded. For 1852 the
colonial returns are not yet complete, but they will pro-
bably show a considerable further advance.
The same document gives an account of the number
of vessels belonging to the several ports of the British
empire in each year, from 1814 to 1852 inclusive. From
this it appears, that in 1814 the total of vessels was
24,418, with an aggregate capacity of 2,616,965 tons,
bemploying 172,786 men and boys. Last year the num-
ber 34,402 vessels, with a tonnage of 4,424,392
employing 243,512 men and boys. During the
years, therefore, the increase of vessels
alto4l per cent., of tonnage to 72 per cent.,
intervaltons,
of 39
was equal
and of men to 40 per cent., the augmentation of capacity
and the improvements in construction causing a compa-
rative economy in the number of persons employed.
A return is likewise given of the number of foreign
ships purchased by British owners since the repeal of the
Navigation Laws—namely, in 1850, 1851, and 1852.
From
ttyh is
of i t an, p4p9e9a
tons,rs , t ah t
i nt
85e
ot
;o
2a6l
with a were-57,capacity
awo
iittyh
ofa
tons in
intolnBs,s2in. llBts
ils.;
eavnidden2tB,
,twheitrhefoarec,afproamcittyhoofde6olil424o
which occurred after the first year of experience, that
British builders have nothing to dread from the superior
ability or cheapness of foreign competitors.

Thursday
burst
THE FLOODS KENT -2s c
night last a heavy stormofA thunderBan.d
lightning
over the valley of the Medway, after having at an
earlier hour in the evening inflicted considerable damage
upon the shipping and dwelling houses on the south-
western and south-eastern coasts. It was accompanied
by a literal deluge of rain, which, descending on Friday
from the uplands, poured into the river, and gradually
overflowed its banks at numerous points, till some hun-
dreds of acres of land between Penshurst and Maidstone
were under water. On Friday also and in the course
of that night there were frequent and heavy showers aug-
menting the body of water to such an extent that the bed
of the stream could not carry off the flood, and the
neighbouring fields and meadows were completely inun-
dated. On Saturday morning, consequently, the Fair-mea-
dow, at Maidstone, with some of the meadows above and
below the bridge, resembled a lake, and apprehensions
were entertained that the bottom of High-street and the
foot of the West Borough would be rendered wholly im-
passable without boats. On Saturday night and Sun-
day the flood abated, and the river at present does not
exceed its average depth. The Essex Herald says
In consequence of the long continuation of heavy
rains, the agricultural operations of seeding have been
seriously retarded, which has caused much fearful ap-
prehension in the minds of the farmers for the fate of
their next year's crops, and an equal amount of anxiety
amongst the people as to their future supply of food.
The floods have risen as a matter of course, and deluged
land abutting upon rivers, stopped the operations of
mills, and otherwise damaged property,"

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK.

(Prom the Registrar-General's Report•)

The number of deaths from all causes registered in the
week that ended on Saturday was 1,144, exhibiting an in-
crease of about a hundred on the first three weeks of Octo-
ber. In ten corresponding weeks of the years 1843-1852
the average number was 974, which, if raised in proportion
to increase of population, becomes 1,071. There is, there-
fore, an excess of 73 in the present return on the corrected
average, arising chiefly from the epidemic whose progress
has been recorded during the last two months, and which
has now attacked many parts, of the metropolis, widely dis-
tant, between Hammersmith and Whitechapel.
The deaths from cholera, which were about 16 weekly in
the beginning of September, rose last week to 96. Fifty.
four males and 42 females sunk under the disease ;32 died
under 15 years of age, 49 between 15 and 60 years, and 15
at 60 years and upwards. The 96 deaths occurred in the
five metropolitan divisions as follows :—ln the west dis-
tricts, 16 ; in the north, 3 ; in the central, 1 • in the east,
24 ; on the south side of the
,Thames, 52. ihey are con-
tained in the following lists
WIIST DISTRICTS. Population, 376,427. Deaths ' from
cholera, 16.
Kensington—Kensington Town.—At 14, Princes-place,
on 23d October, the son of a servant, aged 4 months,
" cholera infantum (7 days)." The medical attendant
states that" the rooms of this house are dirty, with offen-
sive smell, and the inmates complain of the defective drain-
age and imperfect ventilation. The houses have no back
windows."

In the same sub-district, at 20, James-street, on 26th
October, the son of a servant, aged 7 years, "cholera."
The medical attendant states that
" this child was brought
from Knightsbridge (where its sister died of cholera) to all
appearance well, and was seized with cholera without any
premonitory diarrbcea.
Kensington—St. Paul, Hammersmith:—At 2, Brook-
green-place, on 14th October, the daughter of a tailor, aged
41 years, " Asiatic cholera (22 hours). Neglected promoni-
tory diarrhoea."
In the same sub-district, at 24, Brook-green-place, on
27th October, a labourer, aged 34 years," cholera(B hours),
premonitory diarrhoea (one day)."
In the same sub-district, at Lower-mall, on 23d October,
the daughter of a hawker, aged 7 years, " Asiatic cholera
(3 days), typhus fever (2 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 24, Brook-green-place, on
29th October, a labourer, aged 23 years, ` cholera (18
hours), premonitory diarrhoea." Mr. Roy, the registrar,
writes as follows .—" Since the 24th instant 7 cases of
cholera have occurred in Brook-green-place, 5 of which have
terminated fatally (one not yet registered) ; 2 were removed
immediately to the workhouse, and are now convalescent.
Another removed there died shortly after admission, the
entry of which will be found in the return from Fulham,
This is a narrow street, consisting of about 60 small houses,
very confined, without, or almost without, drainage. The
supply of water is deficient. The inhabitants consist of the
lowest class of Irish, extremely dirty and filthy in their
habits. Each house has a small back-yard, always wet
and dirty, where several pigs are kept. Each room is oc-
cupied by a separate family, several of them by more. The
roadway in front of these houses is always wet and filthy.
from the refuse thrown upon it ; in short, at all times the
locality is a public nuisance, and is never free from disease,
generated by dirt, both in the houses and outside. The
medical officer of the district, immediately on the issuing
of the recent orders in Council, made a minute inspection
the place, found many nuisances existing, and caused their
removal forthwith. Yet cholera has shown itself with
great virulence, and I understand this was the case in 1832.
I had the medical charge of it in 1849, and not one single
case occurred, and-but very little diarrhoea, rind on inspec-
tion of it I find that although many nuisances still • exist,
yet it is certainly now in a better condition than at the pe-
riod of the last visitation of this epidemic. A very promi-
nent cause of the present outbreak would seem to be the
exceedingly overcrowded state together with the dirty and
filthy condition of the interior of many of. the houses, and
I think it would be fonnd on inquiry that the provisions of
the Lodging-house Act are evaded. A careful house-to-
house, visitation has discovered numerous cases of diarrhoea
which are now under treatment. The guardians have pro-
vided. a house to which the inhabitants can be removed,
but although the dangers that surround them have been
repeatedly pointed out, yet none of them have as yet
availed themselves Of the offer."
Kensington—Fulham.—At the Hospital, Fulham Union,
removed from 16, Brook green-place, Hammersmith, on
26th, October, a domestic servant, aged about 22 years,
"Asiatic cholera (9 hours), diarrhoea (14 days)." Mr,
Knight, the registrar, says :—" I am credibly informed
that deceased had attended at a wake on the night preced-
ing her death ; also that the apartments where she resided
are overcrowded to an improper excess."
St. George, Hanover-square—Belgrave.—At 13, Spring-
gardens, on 26th October, the twin-daughter of a cab-
driver, aged one year, " choleraic diarrhoea (6 days), con-
vulsions (24 hours)."
Westminster—St. John the Evangelist.—At Millbank
Prison, on 21st September, a prisoner, formerly a labourer,
aged 33 years, " Asiatic cholera (about 22 hours)." Post
mortent. Inquest. Also in the same prison, on 15th Oc-
tober, a prisoner, formerly a labourer, a„eed about 24 years,
"Asiatic cholera (about 11 days)." Inquest. Also in
same prison, on 12th October, a prisoner, formerly a la-
bourer, aged 34 years, " Asiatic cholera (7 days)." Inquest.
Also in the same prison on 15th October, a prisoner, for-
merly a servant, aged 63 years, "Asiatic cholera (about 14
hours)." Inquest- Also in the same prison, on 22d Octo-
ber, a female prisoner, occupation unknown, aged 46 years,
" Asiatic cholera (4 days.)" Post mortent. Inquest.
Westminster—St. Margaret—At 12, Dartmouth-street,
on 25th October, the daughter of a builder, age'cl 16 years,
" malignant cholera (24 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at 2, Trevor-place, on 25th Oc-
tober, the daughter of an out-pensioner, aged 3 years,
" Asiatic cholera (8 hours)."
St. Jaires, Westminster—Golden-square.—At the work-
house, Poland-stieet, on 26th October, a bootmaker, aged
72 years, " cholera (30 hours)."
NORTH DISTRICTS. Population, 490,396. Deaths from
cholera, 3. - •
Marplebone—St. John.—At 13, Hardington-street, on
20th October, a nurse, aged 68 years, " cholera (6 days)."
St. Pancras—Grays-inn-lane.—At the Royal Free Hos-
pital, from 22, Clarendon-place, Somers-town (an unwhole-
some dwelling), on 27th October, the son of an attorney's
clerk, aged 13 years, "diarrhoea (3 days), cholera (1 day)."
Mr. Worrell, the registrar, says :—" I am informed that
no medical attendant was called in until the case had as-
sumed the appearance of confirmed cholera, although 'the
child had been suffering from diarrhoea three days pre-
viously."
Hackney-- Hackney.—At the German Hospital, Dalston,
on 23d October, the wife of a farrier, aged 60 years,
"cholera Asiatica (22 hours)."
CENTRAL DISTRICTS. Population 393,256. Death from

cholera, 1.
West London—North.—At St. Bartholomew's Hospital,
from 7, Turnagain-lane, on 27th October, the widow of a
shoemaker, aged 39 years, "cholera (9 days)." Mr. For-
tescue says —" This was the woman referred to in my last
weekly return that was removed to the hospital ; she was
then progressing favourably, but latterly refused nourish-
ment, and sank from exhaustion."
EAST DISTRICTS. Population, 485,522.
cholera, 24.

Deaths from

Shoreditch—St. Leonard.—At 13, Phipp-street, on
26th October, the daughter of a carman, aged 8 years,
" Asiatic cholera (17 hours)."
Shoreditch—Hoxton New Town.—At St. Luke's work-
house, on 21st October, a widow, aged 56 years, " Asiatic
cholera lera (40 hours)." The medical Officer states that " an':
e
is the second case of cholera that has occurred at 20, Twis-
ters-alley, Golden-lane where this woman was brought
from, and the whole neighbourhood is in a very ill-drained
and defective state, and
proceedings have been commenced
by the parish authorities."
In the same sub-district
arpatent9, Cross-street, City Saw
Mills, on 26th October,
rhoea (6 hours), Asiatic cholera (15 years,p r. j a
rd id
ianre-
adds to the certificate : —" I consider the) room 2 in which he
registrar, se from diarrhoea
resided very likely to increase the disease
to cholera." Mr. Angell, the re
is very much on the increase in 'this district. observes,
"Typhus
tor would go with some of the registrars anfd7iisnitsPtehee-
abodes of filth, I think much good would result.
Shoreditch—Haggerstone East.—At 19, Albert street,
on 26th October, the daughtar of a Customhouse clerk,
aged 11 months, " cholera."
Whitechapel--Artillery.—At 6, Maidenhead-court, SP i
talfields, on 27th October, the son of a street-keeper, aged
1 month, "diarrhoea (14 days), English cholera (6 days)'.,,
Whitechapel—Spitalfields.—At 1, Queen's-court, on 23d
October, the son of a labourer, aged 7 years, " cholera (2
days), fever (4 hours),,,
Whitechapel—Mile-end New Town.—At 12, Dunk-
street, on 27th October, the wife of a weaver, aged 41
years, "Asiatic cholera (29 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at 36, Dunk-street, on 27th
Oct., a female orphan, aged 4 years, "cholera (24 hours),
consecutive fever (5 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 6, Halifax-street, on 23th
Oct., the daughter of a weaver, aged 3 years, " cholera (24
hours), consecutive fever (6 days)-
In the same sub-district, at 52, High-street, on 29th Oct.,
the wife of a labourer, aged 60 years, "neglected diarrhoea
(5 days), cholera (2 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 25, Dunk-street, on 24th
October, the daughter of a gunmaker, aged 6 years, "cho-
lera (18 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at 25, Dunk-street, on 24th
October, the son of a gunmaker, aged 7 years, "diarrhoea
(2 days), cholera (15 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at 48, High-street, on 24th
October, a weaver, aged 66 years, "diarrhoea (12 hours),
cholera (8 hours.)"
In the same sub-district, at 15, Halifax-street, on 26th
Oct., a female silk-winder, aged 43 years, "diarrhoea (6
'lls'irs ), cholera (3 hours)." Mr. Rich, the registrar, says :
The medical officer who gave the certificate complains
Vey); much of the interference of drug-vendors, who ad-
unlaat" ilioshtrums to persons under his treatment. The
deceased,
her death. heard had injections half an hour previous to
I have registered
is an increase of cholera in my district.
more deaths in (111 cases this week, and there are two
tared." Dunk-street, which I have not yet regis-
In the same districtat 15, *
the son of a weaver ,
consecutive fever (2'daagved 5 years, "cholera (20 hours),
Whitechapel—(2 days
on 23d October, the wi Whitechapel North.—At the workhouse,
ow of a labourer, aged 55 years,
" cholera (15 hewer
In the same subdistr at 5
"diarrhoea (9 days),
tober, a coal-whipper, aged 59, Court-street, on 27th Oc-
Asiatic cholera (5 days), cella
a fey, years,Pse,l3 days)."
a boiler's.
that this court is only
snot the effluvium in the
bones stated
The houses are all badly draileadr
street occasionally insupportable.
Whitechapel—Aldgate. —At 2, p non,.
rapidly
Anchor-yard, Whitechapel, on 26th Ocatet,,;"-?3,11r Blue
labourer, aged 34 years, "cholera." ~ This' '''' wife of a
went on to collapse, having set in 3 hours from th
St. George-in-the-East—St. Panl.--At 3, Batt attack:
on 22d October, the widow of a sawyer, aged anrace,
" Asiatic cholera, premonitory symptoms (8 h ?ears,
lapse (36 hours)." Also at the same house, on 23d" col.-
of a ropemaker, aged 68 years, .. 9et.,
the widow
onitory diarrhoea (18 hours), Asiaticcollap
cholera, Prem
Also, at same house, on 26th October, a labourer
'
hours).",,are "Asiatic cholera (48 (hours), typhus feverer
laaged 32 i ' d the registrar
days)." Mr. Chatwoo , says :—" These 3
"-
deaths occurred
, re all removed from No. 33,
' cholera
hospital ' they were
t. The last two were mother and
Upper Chapman-stree .
ficate adds that the son was pro-
son. The medical cab
41 his sister visited him and gave
greasing favourably unt- 1 typhus, of which he died.,,
him wine, which brought on 7 Duke-street, on 23d
from (:). ' " Asiatic
Also, at the same house,
aged 7 years,
October, the son of a labourer,
e (10 hours)." The
cholera, premonitory (4 hours) , collap s
s brought on by " defi.
disease, according to certificate, wa
impure air. ~
•
cient clothing, bad living, and
horse-street, on 22d
Stepney—Ratcliff.—At 34, White-
ears, diarrhoea
October, the widow of a farmer, l 83
aped Y
1
(several years), cholera (18 hours). Orchard.
Poplar—Poplar. —At 4, saiteetbuilciings 0

place, on 24th October, the wife of a labourer, aged 38
years, " diarrbcea (one week) without medical aid, Asiatic
cholera (16 hours)." The medical attendant says :—" All
the yards attached to the houses are in a most filthy state ;
privies overflowing, and drains choked up • several cases
of cholera occurred here in 1849, with 2 deaths in this
house. The authorities have interfered, and the pi emises
have been cleansed."
SOUTH DISTRICTS. Population 616,635. Deaths from

cholera, 52.

St. Saviour—St. Saviour.—At 22, Dyer's-buildings, on
21st October, the daughter of a coalporter, aged 20 months,
" diarrhoea (4 days), cholera (24 hours), consecutive fever."

In the same sub-district, at Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey,
on 20th October, a female, aged 24 years. " cholera."
In the same sub-district, at Guy's Hospital, from Nor-
folk, on 22d October, a coal merchant, aged 54 years,
" cholera Asiatic."

In the same sub-district, at 21, Red Cross-square, on
27th October, the son of a farm,* aged 7 years, " diarrhoea,
cholera, (2 days), vomiting exhaustion (5 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 7, Thompson's-buildings, on
29th October, the son of a shoemaker, aged 5 years, " cho-
leraic diarrhoea (48 hours), consecutive fever (4 days), cere-
bral effusion (24 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at 18, Red Cross-square, on 28th
October, a labourer, aged 27 years, " cholera Asiatic (94
hours)." Medical Note :—" This patient was a strong,
sober man, went to bed in perfect health, was seized be-
tween 3 and 4 o'clock in the morning, and in half an hour

was in a state of profound collapse."
In the same sub-district, at Guy's Hospital, from Red-
Cross-street, Southwark, on 27th October, a female, aged
40 years, " cholera."
In the same sub-district, at 5, Pleasant-place, on 28th
October, the daughter of a labourer, aged 9 years " cholera
Asiatic (50 hours), exhaustion (40 hours)."
St. Olave—St. Olave.—At 10, Robinhood-court, on 28th
October, the wife of a labourer, aged 32 years, " Asiatic
cholera (16 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at 10, Marble-court, on 22d Oc-
tober, the daughter of a carpenter, aged 7 years, " Asiatic
cholera (4 days).".

,
In the same sub-district, at 1, Tattle-court, on 22d Oct.,
a labourer, aged 35 years, " Asiatic cholera (12 hours)."
Dr. Mackintosh adds at the foot of his certificate :
" This man was seized almost at the commencement With
collapse. A common privy opposite the door of this house
is in a most disgraceful state."
In the same sub-district, at 14, Magdalen-court, on 25th
Oct., the son of a labourer, aged 2i years, " Asiatic cho-
lera (10 hours)." Dr. Mackintosh says—" The stench in
all the houses on the east side of Magdalen-court is most
fearful ; this arises from the accumlation of fluid filth in
the interstices of the pavement, which is generally old and
broken ; the yards are so small and cooped up on all sides
that there is no ventilation, the consequence is that all the
foul gases generated pass into the houses."
St. Olave—St. John.—At 29, Vine-street, on 27th Oct.,
a labourer, aged years, " heart disease, Bright's kidney,
Asiatic cholera (18 hours)."
28It
hn
Oct.,the s
tahme e
son st t b das-str
eet,arosn,
" Asiatic cholera (10 hours)."
-odfi sat r .11)catr,c hamt eBn, tB-
makeermorn,
Bermondsey—St. James.—At 9, Cherry-garden-street,
Oct. 24th, a mercantile clerk, aged 38 years, "choleraic
diarrhoea (4 days), congestion of the brain (3 days)."
In the same sub district, at 13 Marine-street, on 22d and.
26th Oct., the wife and son of a carpenter, aged respec-
tively" Asiatic cholera (16 hours), diar-
rhoea " bronchitis (10 days), Asiatic cho-
lera
(2039
hours),"and
andars ,
(4 days), congestion of brain (2 days)." Mr. Martin,
the registrar, states that " two other children were also
attacked ; in one the diarrhoea was checked, in the elder
collapse occurred; both are now recovered. I have at-
tended the family for many years, and cannot discover
any cause for these attacks."
In the same sub-district, at 4, Norfolk-place, on 25th
Oct., the daughter of a labourer, aged 3 years, " Asiatic
cholera (5 days), congestion of brain (3 days)." This, child,
the mother reported to me, was discovered early in the
morning passing rice water evacuations, having had no pre-
, vious diarrhoea. I saw her early—she was then in col-
lapse ; another chila in the same house was seized but re-
covered." ,
Bermondsey—St. Mary Magdalen.—At the workhouse,
on 23d Oct., a gardener, aged 68 years, " Asiatic cholera
(11 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at 1, Assembly-place, on 25th
Oct., the son of a wheelwright, aged 7 years, " Asiatic
cholera."

In the same sub-district, at 5, Harvel-terrace, on 27th
Oct., a woolsorter, aged 50 years, " cholera (12 hours),
premonitory symptoms (36 hours)."
Bermondsey—Leather Market.—At 15, Suffolk-place,
on 23d Oct., a labourer, aged 38 years, " cholera (2 days),
fever (7 days)."
St. George, Southwark—Kent•road.—At 5, Red Cross-
court, on 24th October, a labourer, aged 18 years, " cholera
(9 hours)."

In the same sub-district, at 6, Maypole-alley, on 22d
October, the son of a labourer, aged 4 years, Asiatic;
cholera (7 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 127, High-street, on 22d
October, a draper, aged 27 years, "choleraic diarrhoea (11
days), suppression of urine (5 days), coma (2 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 3, Wycombe-place, on 23d
October, a whitesmith, aged 44 years, " Asiatic holera (5
days).":

hi the same subdistrict, at 106, Kent-pad, on 24th
October, a shoemaker, aged 36 years, " Asiatic cholera (16
hours)„"

In the same sub-district, at 7, Red Cross-court, on 28th
October, a widow of a labourer, aged 45 years, " diarrhoea,
Asiatic cholera (2 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 222, High-street, on 22d
October, a brushmaker, aged 64 years, " cholera (9 hours)."
St. George, Southwark—Borough-road.—At 48, Hill-
street, on 23c1 October, an edge-tool forger, aged 40 years,
" cholera (23 hours)." Mr. Elliott, the registrar, writes :
—" Informant stated that deceased was subject to diarr-
hoea when he took a little drink, which he had been doing
a day or two previous to the attack. Consequently, pre-
monitory symptoms did not receive immediate attention ;
the doctor was not sent for till the man complained of
cramp in one of his feet."
In the same sub-district, at 17, John-street, on 22d Oc-
tober, the son of a journeyman coachmaker, aged 3 years,
"cholera malignant,- congestion of the brain." "This
child had been indisposed more than a month previous."
In the same subdistrict, at 24, William-street, on 28th
October, a journeyman coachmaker, aged 52 years, " cho-
lera maligna." " Diarrhoea (2 days) previous to seeking
advice. In collapse when the medical attendant was
called in."

In the same sub-district, at the workhouse, Mint-street,
on 23d October, a hawker, aged 70 years, "cholera." "11l
about 30 hours in the whole ; diarrhoea was not ne-
glected."
Newington—St. Peter, Walworth.—At 6, Cross-street,
King-street, on 22d October, the son of a labourer, aged 3
years, " Asiatic cholera (13 hours), collapse (4 hours)."
Mr. Turner, the registrar, says :—" This , boy had had
diarrhoea, but had been much better for three or four days.
The house is small, and without drainage, the privy often
overflowing."

In the flame sub-district, at 1, Henry-place, Hen-and-
Chicken-lane, on 26th October, an engine-driver, aged 60
years, "neglected diarrhoea (24 hours), cholera (48 hours.
" This man was of temperate habits. The occupants of the
house complain of very bad smells from an open ditch not
many yards off." .
... .

In the same sub-district, at 30, George-street, on 26th
October, a journeyman lithographic printer, aged 23 years,
" cholera (20 hours)."
In the same sub-district, at the workhouse, on 18th Oc-
tober, a labourer, aged 40 years, " choleraic diarrhcea (7
days)."
In the same sub-district, at 2, Clandon-street, on 28th
October, a single woman, aged 60 years, "choleraic diarrhcea
(6 days)." . .

La-mbeth—Lambeth Church (Second Part).—At 110,
East-street, on 22d October, a waiter, aged 33 years, " ne-
glected diarrhma (5 days), cholera (48 hours)."
Lambeth—Kennington (First Part).—At 6, Hanover-
square, Kennington, on the 23d of October, the daughter
of a physician, deceased, aged 2 years, "cholera (12 hours),
under treatment (4 hours).
_ _

In the same sub-district, at 4, Oval, Kennington; on 25th
of October, an assistant to a bone merchant, aged 59 years,
" cholera (18 hours)." ,
In the same sub-district, at 11, Wellington-place,
Wandsworth-road, on 27tlx of October, a gentleman, aged
55 years, diarrhcea (10 days), cholera (4 clays)."
Lambeth—Kennington (Second Part).—At 1, John's-
Place, on 27th of October, the son of a labourer, aged 8
months, " choleraic sliarrh,cea (5 days)." Mr. Boult, the
r,egistrar, observes •.___• ~ This child has been subject to
on I
tnhtehle6stahmoef
charrhcea from its birth, and eas had the hooping-cough.
The house is very damp, but no bad smells."
sub-district, at Baker-street, North Brixton,
in this street,
fle,l, ~ n October, a labourer, aged 64 years, " cholera
case of cholera in my district in 1848 occurred
.:,``,Fhure.sflrstopremonitory diarrhoea." Mr. Urwin states :
adds :—" The
what I can drainageasceri
and in the same month." And Mr. Boult
dieted to drink, in this street is very bad. From
starving for want of food;
"17
and
oil,,ithis person, he was very much ad-
badly, sometimes almost
on 28th of October, a . --At Mendip. road, York-road,
of October
' anlith'—ag:dt 6thseyears workhouse,"Asiatic
on 2c7htoh-
T hroenlistra; Nvrites :._.
lens (4 days)."
oho-
Camberwell--Camberwell.—At
Oct., a female servant,
(8 hours)." Mr. Searle, atta 30 years, " Asiatic cholera
ceased was removed from " The de-
where she caught the disease fraBom-stlleet, Wyndham-road,
went to nurse, after being there Oa. „el', sister, whom she
is the Worst in the parish ; no drainages "ur- This locality.
is inhabited chiefly by the Poorest ottlell4l/Viater' it
Camberwell—St. George.—At 6, Brown's_ _
ham-road, on 28th Oct., the widow of a prof °
r of;Y,,,na-
aged 58 yearS, " choleraic diarrhoea (4 hours), it),
Asiatic (16 hours)." Mr. Stevens, the registraz, says cholera.
" It is a narrow, densely populated terrace ; the houses--in
a very filthy state, without ventilation, and having a ditch
in front."
Rotherhithe--Rotherhithe.—At 7, St. Helena-place' on
24th Oct. a mercantile clerk, aged 34 years, "
premoni-
tory diarrhoea
(15 hours), cholera (6 days), consecutive
fever (3 days)." Hanover-street, on
In the sam sub-district, at 15, Ha ~, 26th
October, thee wife of.a labourer, aged 50 years, Asiatic
cholera (17 hours)."
Greenwich—Greenwich East.—At Mod 2 years, " cho-
October, the daughter of a labourer, as
leraic diarrhoea (2 days)." ' rt on 26th
In the same sub-district, at 1, Vanes-cou , _
October, a labourer, aged 15 years, " Asiatic cholera
(about 15 hours)." Mr. Waller, the registrar, says :
" Vane's-court, East-street, is a most filthy place, just
likely to originate this fatal disease. It ought to be in-
spected without delay. 5 deaths have occurred in this
place in a fortnight."
In Mile-end, Old Town Lower, at 12, Washington-street,
on 25th October, the daughter of a labourer, aged 5 years,
died of " diarrhcea (30 hours)." Mr. Castleden states that
" a death from cholera occurred in the same house on 22d
October to a brother of the deceased ; no less than 19
persons were living in this house, containing four small
rooms."

In Waterloo-road sub-
district (Ist Part),
Brad-
street, on the 22d October, a mason,
aged .31 years, died
attendant,
of "malignant typhus (9 days)." The medical
fir. Yeldhara, appends this note to his certificate
:____
many " This
street is in a disgraceful condition, standingat 22, Brad-
deep in black mud, the products of all sorts of
refuse,mainches
being
neither scraped in the wet weather nor swept in dry.',
the daughter of joiner, aged one year,
In Ludbroke-mews, Kensington, on the 28th October,
glands, ulceration of the same (about a month), mortifica-
tion (2 days)." This (says the medical attendant) is the
second death in this house within a week; the family Ey-
" abscess of inguinal
ing over a stable, the air is nnlaealthy and vitiated.
In Camberwell, at 5, Albany-place, Albany-road, on the
23d October, the (laughter of a merchant's clerk, ae 6
years, died of " typh Three clays)," 11r. Stevens, thene-
trar rdmarks :—" more children in this family
giS f
are suffering from the same disease. At the rear of the
Or sewer ex •
__ is an open ditch . , tending the whole
betuidary of the
how.
leDgth of Albany-road, and forming the

parishes of Camberwell and Newington. It is complained
of by the inhabitants as being very offensive."
Last week the births of 817 boys and 800 girls, in all
1,617 children, were registered in London. The average
number in eight corresponding weeks of the years 1845-52
was 1,400.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height
of the barometer in the week was 20.690 in. The mean
temperature was 55.5 deg., which is 7.7 deg. above the
average of the same week in 38 years. The mean daily
temperature was from 8 deg. to 10 deg. above the average
on every day of the week except Saturday, when the ex-
cess was only 1.5 deg. The greatest difference between
the dew-point temperature and air temperature occurred
on Wednesday, when it amounted to 11.2 deg. ; the
mean difference of the week was 3.9 deg. The amount
of rain in the week was 1.46 in., of which PO5 in. fell
on Thursday. The wind blew from the south-west and
south.

MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTEED
IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCT. 29.
Zymotic Diseases
Diseases of Uncertain Seat
Tubercular Diseases
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses lOB
_ .

Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 34
Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of
Respiration 2OO
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus &c. -
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c.
Malformations 5
Premature Birth and Debility 3B
Atrophy 35
Old Age
Sudden ~. . 5
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 3l
Causes not specified

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES
Population Deaths in corre- Deaths
Enumerated. sponding week in the

1851. of 1852. Week.
West Districts
North Districts 491,396
Central Districts 393,256
East Districts 485,522
South Districts

Totals

Males...
Females

1,090

BIRTHS IN THE WEEK.

Males....
Females.

Total

1,144

1,617

THE CHOLERA-NATIONAL FASTS.

( From the Times.)
The address from Scotland to the Home-office in
favour of a national fast, and the answer thereto,
have been some days before the public, and the
reply of Mr. Fitzroy has been pronounced able or
impious according to the feelings of its readers.
The truth may sometimes be too plainly told, and
what is objectionable carry with it an air of irre-
verence. Possibly, too, official life may tend to
encourage a somewhat cavalier style of reply, espe-
cially to the forward and importunate ; so that in
the letter of the Under-Secretary, there may be
some reason to regret that he did not say what he
had to say more gently, and the mild deprecation 1
of the world in general may be added to the groans
of the pious.
But in the general sense of the document we
fully agree. There can be no doubt that, were the
Government to acquiesce in the request there
made, it would merely follow and strengthen a bad
precedent. We know nothing in the character of
these solemnities, and certainly nothing in that
which took place four years ago, to lead us to sup-
pose them acceptable to God or edifying to man.
As it is understood that a considerable class of the
English clergy share the views which actuated the
northern Presbytery, it is well that the public
should consider the practical working of these so-
called humiliations and the price which they pay
for them. Now, what is the spectacle presented
on the morning of one of these days ? The shops,
it is true, are shut, and the middle class on their
way to their devotions ; but from every court and
alley, from every yard and stable, pour forth men
and women, boys and girls, all eager to make the ,
day what it is to three-fourths of the populationz---
a day of pleasure. We do not, indeed, wish to
deter the labouring community from those enjoy-
ments which tend to sweeten their humble and
often bitter lot. Far from it ; we only wish there
were more of them—more days set apart for the
breathing of fresh air and the sight of green fields ;
but then they must be understood to be days of re-
joicing. The Queen's Accession, and similar
events, might well be commemorated by excursions
and merry-making ; but it certainly seems strange
when the announcement of national mortification
sets millions on schemes of jollity, and the advent
of a general fast is attended by preparations in
every leader.
But if for the most part the objects proposed
are unattainable, and what was intended for
an edification proves only a warning, the con-
tingent evils also are not few. In the first place,
there is a renewal of bad blood between Church-
men and Dissenters. Generally speaking, these
live quietly enough together, and separation of
Church and State is understood to be postponed ;
but the Queen's Letter is a signal for discord. The
orthodox grocer shuts up his shop ; his Baptist
neighbour must do the same, or be suspected of
taking an unfair advantage. But to shut up his
shop is to recognise the authority of the civil power
in matters of faith, and is next thing to signing
the Thirty-nine Articles ; and so in every neigh-
bourhood handbills are distributed and busybodies
harangue on questions which had slept for years ;
and it is well if there is not more rancour generated
in a week than can be soothed by the ministers of
all denominations in a twelvemonth. It must be
remembered, also, that this is a commercial coun-
try, and that a day's cessation of business is no
slight thing, when unforeseen and unprovided for.
An occasion like the funeral of our late warrior is,
of course, from its nature, unexpected ; but the
inconvenience which' attended that ceremony should
make us cautious how we bring to a stand, even
for a single day, the vast machine of British com-
merce.

We believe there is no general desire for any
such display as has been suggested, and that the
unwillingness proceeds in no way from want of
religious feeling. Indeed, so terrible and mysterious
a visitation as cholera must excite serious emotions
in any but the most callous heart. But it is one
thing to entertain feelings of awe and humiliation,
and another to make an official display of ostenta-
tious abasement, and to interrupt those necessary
duties the performance of which is piety, in order
to gratify the fancies of a few and furnish a sub-
ject for the tumid declamation of the pulpit. It is
well that an official personage has had the courage
to speak out on the matter, for it is one on which
there is apt to be much timidity. There is a species
of terrorism exercised by the demagogues of the
religious world. Men yielding to none in blame-
lessness of life and high sense of duty are kept in
awe by those who have made an investment in
holiness, and set up in business with piety for a
stock in trade. Every one knows the popular
preacher. His meekly arrogant countenance is in
every printshop of his district, and his Babylon
or Bethlehem is in its twentieth thousand. No
man succeeds better in life. He has gained the
reputation of a saint by depicting his own un-
worthiness, is asked out to dinner for preaching
abstinence to the poor, and doubles his income by
his vehemence against filthy lucre. The fair
sex overwhelm him with those productions in
silk and worsted which are the usual tokens of
their regard. He has enough ottomans for a Pasha,
and enough slippers for a centipede. Mothers con-
sult him as to the marriage of their daughters, and
learn from him to consider their husbands and sons 1
as unregenerate. These are the persons from whom
the demand comes for these spiritual vagaries.
They are all-powerful among a large and opulent
section of the middle class, and it requires a man
of some courage to oppose them in their respective
circles. Such a one is at once complacently denounced
of the clergy ;
or spitefully forgiven. They are no fair specimens
swer of the
received with satisfaction
e
but theyl.* are loud and forward, and I
often represent them.Home-officeffice as impious, but it will be
show Thbey y illthcoosnedwemhno thheeheavne-
that we bestallw
our
reverence to Heaven by
using our reason to
the laws by which we search out and comprehend
sider that it is true subre•governed, and who con-
to use the remedies and preventives
on to the Divine Will
and experience teach us to which science
be effectual, and not to
expect assistance but by their
whops''
plenty There is
to be done by the man
has a day to
spare. Let such an one visit the lanes of Lambeth,
where soapworks and boneboilinu taint the air,
and chimneys p
our forth their b
dense volumes of
coal smoke to stifle pining infancy and asthmatic
old age. Let him search out the neighbourhood of I
Jacob's Island, where thousands
dwell close by the
now fetid Thames, below the level of high water,
exposed to oft
-recurring inundations and the per-
of an ever-reeking soil. Let him ex-
petual miasma
of Saffron-hill and
plore the lodging-houses Short's-
gardens,an beings lie packed so thick
where hum
that the visitor picks his 1 ,vly cautiously for fear of
and
forms, where the treadino• on the sleeping
b
I that the police whose duty
at-
mosphere is so infectec
it is to inspect the hateful dens suffer in health
from the task. Let any man
of well-constituted
mind make a day of fasting and humiliation for
be more
himself, and we feel sure that lie will
he had listened
benefited by the process than i'f
eloquence
three times in the day to the most florid
which Cheltenham or Clapham can produce.

AN EXCURSION IN SEARCH OF DIG-
GERS BY A GOLD COMMISSIONER.

Having loaded the packhorse, we mounted and
started from our barracks at 8 a.m., the party consisting
of myself and three troopers. Crossing the Ophir Creek
at the junction, and toiling up the long hill which rises
on the western side of the stream, we proceeded across
the country towards " Pullen's Fall "—a crossing place
of the Summer-hill Creek. The country here is much
broken, and shows evident signs of volcanic action. The
tops of many of the hills are covered with scoria and
basalt, and we found fine specimens of common opal. In
about 7 miles we came to the edge of an almost precipi-
tous hill which borders the Summer-hill or Ophir Creek,
which, with some difficulty, we scrambled down. The
crossing place here is a dangerous one, the bed of the
creek being filled with large round stones, smooth, and
slippery over which the horses could scarcely keep their
feet. When the creek is high this ford is impassable,
as the raging torrent from the mountain, confined in
its narrow bed, would doom both man and horse to
certain destruction on the rocks below. After toiling up
the steep range on the opposite side, and under a broil-
ing sun, in about a mile and a half distance from the
ford, we reached Pullen's station. Here resides a small
settler, whose cattle range the hills which surrounthhis
dwelling, the manufacture butter and cheese occupies his
attention, and produces a sufficient income to meet the
moderate requirements of a bushman's family. We ob-
tained some milk and water, which was very grateful
after the fagging walk up the range from the ford, and,
proceeding onwards, we crossed a rough and hilly
country, the mountains becoming more steep and broken
as they approach the Macquarie river. Northward I
observed seven or eight flat-topped hills of extraordinary
formation, which are perfectly level on the summits,
and being exactly of a height seem as if at some time they
formed a waste level plain of many miles extent, and
some fearful convulsion of nature had broken them
asunder, dividing them in several parts, and finally
leaving them in their present detached state. The levels
of all these hills are covered with scoria, and from the
edges overhang large rugged masses of? basaltic rock,
forming as it were a fringe round the summit of each
tableland. By a narrow and exceedingly steep cattle
track we descended from the top of the range to the
river. Here the banks of the Macquarie are very pre-
cipitous, the mountains towering to a great height along
and on both sides. The river in many parts is choked
up with immense masses of rock, which, becoming de-
tached from the precipices above, have rolled down into
the stream. Following the river for about two miles
over a most rugged path, we reached the Turon river,
where it discharges itself into the Macquarie. We here
crossed the latter, and at the junction found a small
bush store kept by two brothers of the name of Rout-
ledge, who, content with the profits which accrue from
supplying the diggers in the neighbourhood, are appa-
rently indifferent to the valued produce of the river,
which runs in front of their store ; they are, however,
purchasers of gold, and it is certainly an extraordinary
fact in this hitherto despised convict colony of New
South Wales that, although these men are known to
possess money and gold• in considerable quantity,
they are left unmolested, and yet, so isolated is their
position, they might be both robbed and murdered
without the possibility of assistance in their defence
from any human being% The banks of the Turon
are here highly picturesque, studded with the
ever-fresh Cuswarina, and at this season covered
with rich and fresh-looking grass. This river winds so
abruptly and constantly that we were obliged to cross
it at every few hundred yards, and the side from which
the river turns is invariably a cliff formed by the con-
stant washing of the water. On the opposite bank are
noticed with interest the long sloping points which have
always been found to contain the richest deposits of the
precious metal. About a mile up we came suddenly
upon two men digging ; they were much disgusted at
being caught in such an out of the way place by one of
the dreaded commissioners. As a matter of course
they had no money, but, upon being threatened with
removal from the ground, they said they could pro-
cure the needful at the store. I sent a trooper with
them, and the money was forthcoming, in exchange
for the license to dig for one month. Another man
I afterwards found, with whom I had some trouble,
but having given him 24 hours' notice to leave the
ground, or I would take him, I proceeded upwards and
came to a spot where about thirty men were at work.
As it was now 4 pan. I made up my mind to remain
here the night, and while my troopers were unloading I
proceeded to collect the licenses. Here I had little
trouble, except that one party told me they had sent
into Sofala (30 miles) for licenses ; their mate had been
gone three days ; but, suspecting this was one of the
customary evasions, I informed them that unless he re-
turned by the next night they must pay me (which they
eventually did) or lose their " claim." The party next
to them had procured about 31b. or 41b. ofgold from one
hole o£ about, 16 feet by 20, and were taking daily from
3oz. to 60z.; with this exception, all the "claims" were
newly opened, and it was expected they would prove
Very rich, which was subsequently found to be the case.
Here again is a scene of much beauty ; in front of the
small fiat on which the diggers' tents are pitched, is a
large and deep pool or hole, from the further edge of
which rises a precipice of some 200 feet ; on the digging
side, as usual, we have the sloping bank falling gradually
from the mountain, which here receded a little from the
river—the rock opposite is composed of reddish slate
intersected with veins of quartz. After my work
was done and I had measured out each claim of 15
feet, I returned to our camp for something to eat. The
pots were already boiling, and as the bush method of
making tea is new to my readers I will describe it. As
soon as the quart pots boil, a good large pinch of tea is
thrown into each ; it is then taken off the fire and the
pannikin (a smaller pot) covers the tea and keeps in the
steam. After drawing for some time the sugar is put in
and the tea- poured backwards and forwards from the
pot to the pannikin until the sugar is dissolved ; the
leaves will now sink, and in a few minutes the grateful
beverage may be poured out quite clear. This process
may, to some of our English tea-drinking ladies, who
pride themselves on their china and tea services, seem a
very rough and incomplete one, but I can assure them
I never tasted such good tea from any other method,
and did they but once try it they would often long for
the bushman's simple quart pot of tea. In the evening
the man whom I had warned off the ground came up
and paid his license. He told me he had made 1,4001.
by gold digging, and yet he " would not have paid could
he have helped it." How constant is the cry that the
license is too high; but I maintain that if it were re-
duced even to ss. the attempts at evasion would be
the same. The idea that to rob the Government is
no crime, I regret to say, prevails to a great ex-
tent, even among respectable persons, and it is to the
want of proper feeling on this point I attribute the at-
tempts which are repeatedly made to evade payment of
what is erroneously denominated an unjust tax. How
can it be 'a tax when it is optional whether parties dig
or not ? Of course, if they dig, knowing the regulations,
they must submit to pay, but the Government does not
force any one to the occupation for the pursuit of which
a license is required. After demolishing our supper,
which consisted of tea, bacon, and damper, I borrowed
a fishing-line from one of the diggers, and, having pro-
cured grubs from the swamp-oak trees, commenced fishing,
it being now just sun-down and the best time for the
sport. I soon pulled up a good cod of about 41b. weight,
and subsequently two of smaller dimensions, which I re-
served for breakfast. We saw several wallabys running
about on the precipice epposite and fired ineffectually at
one or two, the distance being too great. The wallaby
is a species of kangaroo, only much smaller; when kept
sufficiently long and properly dressed it is nearly as good
as hare. Night coming on we laid out our opossum rugs,
placed our saddles for pillows, our arms at hand, and
turned in. Sleeping in the bush in summer time is a very
slight hardship, except in wet weather, and then it is
anything but pleasant. In the morning, after a bathe
in the water-hole and a good breakfast of fried fish, I
started .up the river, leaving one of the men to mind the
camp. I found but few digging, and after going up about
seven miles, I was obliged to return, the banks becoming
too precipitous on both sides to allow the horses to travel.
During our ride of seven miles we forded the river no
less than 12 times each way, and in some of the places
had much difficulty in passing, owing to the rocks which
encumber the bed of the stream. From a man whom I
knew I received some information of several persons
digging at a place which they had named Golden Gully,
distanced some eight miles from the junction of the
Turon. I determined to start in the morning for
this spot. During my trip up the river many fresh
parties had arrived, and before I left the ground the
whole •." point" was apportioned out in " claims."
There are many other points in this vicinity which
will turn out equally rich. Fished again, but no
sport. • Procured a wallaby, which one of my men shot
with his carbine. Had some of it for breakfast the
following morning. I then started for the " Golden
Gully." Had a dreadful drag up a range fully three
miles long out out of the valley of the Turon, and then
over a flat and tolerably good country, coming suddenly
upon the head of a small creek, where I surprised about
40 diggers. They were rather astonished to see me, but
had not time to escape. Collected their licenses, and
found that some were doing very well. The whole of
this part of the country contains gold. Take a tin dish
full of earth from, any part of the hills, and you will,
on washing it, find specks. They are digging at the
head of the creek, in a sort of flat, where ' there are two
or three wate-holes. This creek increases in size as
you go down, and finally becomes a rocky water-course,
running into the Macquarie river. From Golden Gully
I went on about four miles to a place called in Australian
phraseology, "the Dirt Hole," where I found about 150
men, but one of the ether commissioners had already been
there, and collected most of the licenses. I, however,
obtained a few from new corners and skulkers. This has
been an exceedingly rich spot, many parties having pro-
cured as much as 16 or 17 ounces of gold per clay. The
gold is different from that procured at any other place,
being nearly round like shot, and generally about the
size of number 8. It does not appear to be much
water-worn.
.In many places at these diggings they
have driven a tunnel into the bank, shoring it up with
timber, and some of these tunnels proved very rich.
The gold is found in whitish-looking clay, almost like
pipeclay ; it is very difficult to wash, as it does not
tents, but the water being of the
readily dissolve in the hopper. There are two stores
here:).p
rrwoa
gv, e
sllel raisednl
egr sb,yn
night,itshc oouvhgeehraetrditnhtghe
colour and consistence of whitewash and the grass sour
(these diggings being on very high ground) I returned
about 3 miles on ray road and camped at the Tambaroura
creek, where we had good grass and capital water.
myself from the blankets and saw three men, each leading
night to avoid the heat, but I afterwards, on my return
grselyrgsrgot
who reached the •
river soon after my arrival, and
Learirg I was 60111 here in
•11.0',Urhood, they
went on id the ',night to avoid me ifi'learly running into
the lion's mouth. What a 'tof it. I
y did not know
they my
wywe retere
erdr
tratibc:eagnhl:oll:sreeo. plenty
of