The Sun.
London, England, 1854-11-29 00:00:00

LO N DON-, WEDNESDAY N 0 V EMBER 291 1854•

ism ALBERT, SMITH has' the honour to
..k. minquiice that Ws A.ScEJW of MOT ERA NC Kr,
)PEN ter the SEASON, at the EGYPTIAN HILL, oa MONDAY
',VENING, Dec. 4, 1854.

. During the recess the Hall has been redecorated, and every atten-
lion paid to the approaches, seats, ventilation, and general comfort
'
of the audience. The Route to Switzerland will be entirely changed,
and will conduct the visitors from London to Rotterdam by Brussels,
and thencl through Holland and up the Rhine. The now views,
painted by W. BEVERLEY, will be—Amsterdam, on the Rokin Canal,
looking towards the site of the old Bourse ; the Village of Brock ;
the High-street df Berne, with the Clock Tower; the. Pass of the.
Gemini; the Hut ,lately erected on the Grands Mules; Lyons;
and the Place de la Concorde, Paris. In addition to thete, a Pano-
rama of the Rhine, by M. Groppius, of Berlin, will accompany that
portion.of the lecture, including Rotterdam and the chief objects of
interests between Cologne and Bin;en. The lecture will be further
illustrated by a number of appropriate models and diagrams. In
addition to " Galignani's Messenger," Mr. ALBERT SUIT% will intro]
duco three news songs, " Murray's Handbook, " Poste Restaute,"
and a running commentary 'on the scenery, called " Up the Rhine,"
as well as several new frlends encountered on the journey.

Thwßox Office is open from Eleven till Four, when stalls can- be
taken without any.extra charge. •

• PATRON—H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
ROYAL POLYTEOHNIO INSTITUTION
Miss GLYN will READ the MERCHANT of VENICE on
Tuesday Evening, the 28th inst., at Eight, and MACBETH ei
Thursday Evening, the 30th .inst., at. Eight.
The Celebrated TYROLESE MINSTRELS on Wednesday, Friday,
and Saturday Evenings; at Eight.
LECTURES by J. H. PEPPER, Esq., on CHEMISTRY.
• The nest MONDAY EVENING LECTURE to the INDUSTRIAL
CLASSES will be by Dr. CASPIENT&A, on PHYSIOLOGY, as con-
nectoil with HEALTH. Subject : Drink, Blood, and Circulation.
LECTURES by .Dr. BACItIIOFFITIM on the POLYTECHNIC' GAS
FIRE and ELECTRICITY, illustrated by the. Hydro-Electric
Machine, the Most successful Apparatus in the World.
'A Splendid Series of Forty-five COSMORAMIG VIEWS of
RUSSIA and the Costumes of. the Inhabitants.
New DISAOLVING VIEWS of SEBA.STOPOL, &c.
On SATURDAY-EVENINGS the= TYROLESE MINSTREL?,
and an AMERICAN ENTERTAINMENT, illustrated with Ijssel*.
'lig Views by G. HArtizv, Esq. v _

• - - • •
S CASINO, ARGYLL ROOMS.-=-
the 't.easOn.—During the week the Orchestra
yow EopNßTen '
for
will perform the Overture to Zampa ; Waltzes : Le Refrain dos Mon-
tagnes (first time), Germania, Solon Spruche ; Polkas, Fidelin (first
time), Les relies, MOSCOW ; Quadrilles :La Guerre d'Orlonl, (first time),
ichamyl, Partant pour la Syrie (by desire). L'Etoile do Nord; Schot-
tische: Malvina (first time), and (also by desire). the Alma Galop.
Principal Cornet a Piston, M. Boulcourt.—Al teral ion of Time —Doors
open at Eight; commence at half-past. —Admission, One Shilling.

•
IMPROVEMENT IN COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND —(Additional ac-
commodation for Traffic ; Powers to the London and North Western,
the Chester and Holyhead, the Great Southern and Western, the
Midland Great Western of Ireland, the Dublin and Kingstown, the
Dublin and Drogheda, the Dublin and Belfast Junction, and the
Dundalk and Funiskillen Railway Companies, and the City of Dublin
Steam Packet Company, and the Dublin and Liverpool Screw
Steam Packet Company to contribute and to provide. Steam Boats,
and make- arrangements and to raise Capital; Amendment
of Acts).
NOTICE IS HEREBY GWEN, that APPLICATION-Js in-
tended to be made to Parliament in the next session for an Act for
providing additional accommodation for traffic on or in connection
with the existing quays on the river Liffey, in the city of Dublin,
and the quays and piers of Kingstown and Howth, in the county of
Dublin, and the quays and pie -s at Holyhead,. by the purchase or
lease by agreement of lands, and the erection of buildings, sheds,
and other. conveniences adjoining to and in connection with Dublin
and Kingstown and Howth and Holyhead Hai-hours, or any of them,
and the quays and.piers thereof; and to empower all or any of the •
Compaileg following (that is to say): The- -London and North-
Western, the- Chester and Holyhead, the Great Southern and
Western, the Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland, the Dub-
lin and Kingstown, the Dublin and Drogheda, the Dublin and Bel-
fast Junction, and the Dundalk and Enniskillen Railway
Companies, 'and the City of Dublin Steam-packet • Company,
and the Dublin and Liverpool Screw Steam-packet Company,
to execute the purposes aforesaid, or any of them,- and to cot:-
street, -purchase, and bite, and._ work and use steam and other
vessels,.and to rase and contribute funds towards all or any of such
purposes, and to enable the befora-mentioned companies, or any of
them, to enter into arrangements and agreements with respect to all
or any of such purpose, and with respect to the management and
da-ection of the steam or other vessels so to be provided, and the con-
duet of the traffic to be thereby conveyed, an I to the divisisn and
apportionment between and amongst the said companies, or •any of
them, of the tells, rates,- and charges leviable in respect- of
through traffic passing between England and Ireland, an 1 to
enable the said companies, or any of them, if need be, to ap-
point a board of management or a joint commutes or com-
mittees, for effecting the objects of the salt intended act, or any
of them, and to enable the said companies, or any of them; and
the h Board of Wcalts, and the other parties in whom is vested
the management of the Holyhead, Kingstown,-"and How th Harbours,
and the quays on the River Liffey, in the city of Dublin, to enter
into any arrangements or agreements which may be necessary in re-
ference to the purposes of the said intended act, or any of them : And
the said intended act will also provide for the levying and recover-
ing of rates, tolls, and charges in respect of the use of the steam and
other vessels so proposed to be provided, and in respect of the use of
the proposed new bikildimrs, sheds, and other conveniences at Dublin,
Kingstown, Howth, and Uolyhead aforesaid, and for granting exemp-
tions from the payment thereof, and for varying or extinguishing all
existing rights and privileges in or with reference to the said quays
and piers which would impede or interfere with the objects and pur-
poses of the said intended Act, or any of them, and to grant other
rights and privileges :
And it is proposed by the said intended Act to alter, amend, ex-
tend and enlarge some of the powers and provisions of the several
Acts incorporating and relating to the following Companies or un-
dertakinga, so far as those Acts will be affected by the grant or
application to the same Companies or undertakings respectively of
the powers and provisions whereof notice is hereby given (that is to
say) : the Acts relating to the City of Dublin Steam Packet Com-
pany, the Quays and Piers at Kingstown, at Howth, and at Holy-
head, the London and North Western, the Chester and Holyhead,
the Great Southern and Western, the Midland Great Western Rail-
way of Ireland, the Dublin and Kingstown, the Dublin and Drogheda,
the Dublin and Belfast Junction, and the Dundalk aad Enniskillen
Railway Companies.
And Notice is hereby also given, That printed copies of the said
intended act will, on -or before the 30th day of December neat, be
deposited irk the Private Bill-office of the Blouse of Common.
Dated this 13th day of November, 1654.

COAL DEPARTMENT, North London Rail-
ltJl Depot.—HETTON'S WALL'S-END (tlie
best house coals in the world) are brought to the docks of this rail-
way at Poplar by new screw steamers, Cochrane, 750 tons, Hatton,
750, and the Northumberland, 650 tons, chartered for this depot, and
delivered thoreughly screened, to any part of London, north of the
Thames, at 295. per ton. Orders to be addressed to Mr. Thomas
Lea, Chief Office, Railway Station, Elighbury, Islington• Terms,
cash on or before delivery.

OYSTERS. —J. SWEETING is happy to
inform his Friends and the Public that his BURNHAM
RIVER NATIVE OYSTERS aro as fine as last season. He has
them six years' old, four hours from the beds, at his Fish and Oyster
Establishment, 159, Cheapside. Superior Oyster Rosins ; Steed's
Ale ; Reld's Stout.

TO LOVERS OF FISH.-
100 real YARMOUTTI BLOATERS for Gs., package included.
The above forwarded to all parts on receipt of penny postage stamps,
or P. 0. 0. (preferred) for the amount. Send plain address, county,
and nearest station.—Address, Thomas Lettis, jun., Fish-curer, Great
Yarmouth.

DR. DE JONGH' S LIGHT BROWN COD-
LIVER OlL—Medical Practitioners and other residents in
London are Informed that, should they experience any difficulty in
obtaining the 011 in their immediate neighbourhood, 'Weans. Am or,
Harford, and Co., will forward it CARRIAGE FREE to any Part Of
London, en orders being transmitted to them by post.
Half-pint bottles, 2s. Gd. ; pints, 4s. 9d., Quarts, es., IMPERIAL
MEASURE.
ANSAR, lIIRFORD, and CO., 77, Strand.

FOR STOPPING DECAYED TEETH.-
Patronised by her Majesty the Queen, and H.R.H. Prince
Albert.—Mr. HOWARD'S PATENT WHITE SUCCEDANEUM for
filling decayed teeth, however large the cavity. It is placed in the
tooth In a soft state, without any pressure or pain, and in a short
time becomes as hard as the enamel, lasting many years. Sold by
Savory, 220, Regent-street ; .Sanger, 15$, and Hannay, 63, Oxford-
street ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Johnston, 63, Cornhill ; and all
ehemists and medicine vendors in the kingdom. Price 2s. 6d., with
full directions for use enclosed.

DR. CITLTERWELL ON NERVOUSNESS, DEBILITY, AND
INDIGESTION.
Also, on Urinary Derangements, Constipation, and Hiemorrholds,ls.
each. by post ls. Gd.
TATHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
y- y • Abstentla multi curautur morbi."
A. popular exposition of the principal causes (over and careless
feeding, &c.) of the above harassing and distressing complaints,
with an equally intelligible and popular exposition of how we should
live to get rid of them ; to which is added, diet tables for every meal
In the day, and full instructions for the regimen and observance of
every hour out of the twenty. fear. Illustrated by numerous
cases, &c. 2.
LIGHTS AND SHADES OF MARRIED LIFE.
" He which that hath no wif, I hold him lost,
Helpless, and all desolat. He that hath no child,
Like sun and witule."—Chaucer.
Subject : ?Man lege, its expectations and Necessities—Development
of the A ffectioi is—Love Matches—Precipitate, impelled, and retarded
Unions—Stant al Incongruities—Mutual Unsuitableness—Mental
Incompattbillty and Physical Dofectlveness—Advantages of Inter-
marriage—Theory of Gestation—Hereditary Resemblance—Mode of
determining Legitimacy. On Infelicitous, Infertile, and all Unas-
slintlable Alllances—Law of Divorce, &c.; &c.

3.
CRASTITY AND ITS INFRINGEIIENT3.
A Lecture to Young Men.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as relined as Athens ever heard."
Subject : Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions. Chastity .and its infringement. The cssu Alt iC3 of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and remedlative. Advocacy of early marriages, Scc.
4.
On Secret Diseases, their Self-management and Cure.
The GREEN BOOK.—A comprehensive and popular exposition
of genito and urinary diseases—their nature and treatment, com-
prising especially primary and secondary symptoms, all forms of
urinary derangements, stricture and spermatorrho3a ; -with 250 en-
gravings and presviptiOns.
5.
The BLADDER, URETHRA, ant RECTUM.—Comprising
Urinary Derangements, Constipation, and Themorrhoids.
Vols. 6 and 7, companions to the preceding.
THE ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. BOW TO BE HAPPY.
" Jucunde Vivere."
" Few words to fair faith "—Shakespero.
Shervrood, 23, Paternoster-row; Mann, 39, Cornhill ;or of
• Dr; RICHARD CULVERWELL,

Brother Successor, and Twenty Years Consulting Colleague of the
late Author of the above, 10, Argyll-place, Regent-street, London,
who may be etdvised with on the above matters daily, from Ten till
Five, and in the evenings, from Seven till Nine.

ATTSTRALIA.

- SYD.REt, SEPT; 2:o.4—The Madras arrived -here
with the mails of. July in'GQ.days from-the latest
Loudon date; they were doliVel-ed at Port Philip
withni 87. The fact that .such a -passage can be
accomplished has given the greatest satisfaction to
all classes-in tlio colony; especially at a period when
intelligence from Europe is expected with .such
fe.verish, anxiety. .. The-hope of- establishing Any-
thing-like a speedy and reittilat communication with
England was growing: very and -recitiirecl
something to revive it.
As but a short time has elapsed since the depar-
ture of the Croesns, :there 'A no great Innis of intel-
ligence for the present mail ; but it is rather more
interesting thin the last, `'and. in nearly everything
but the state of commercial affairs; which are even
more depressed than at the.opening of the month,
it may be considered satisfactory. • The yield of
gold,-new the gauge of gur, prosperity, keeps -fully
up to its average. On the fields of .New South
Wales there is an indication of increase, and more
labour and activity are being thrown into the pur-
suit. In Victoria what was
-thought- a short time
ago to be the " expiring-I3idlarat" has just emitted
a Lash. of its former wealth and splendour in the
shape Of a nugget of 981 b. weight, asif in honour
of the visit of the: new '-G-Overncir, who has just
arrived there on his tour. The lucky finders of the
treaSute immediately named it the " Lady Hotham
nugget."
Sir Q. Fitzroy communicated to the Council on
the 12th inat. that he had received the official noti-
fication of his recall. It is stated Sir =William
Denison is to succeed-him.— The announcement has
been received here :wi* very qualiAecl approval,
and the nomination cannot be called popular. The
battle the colony fought against the- transportation
system, and the part Sir W. Denison took in it,
contending stoutly to the last for the continuance
of the " importation *of felons," are not yet for-
gotten, nor forgiven. There is, on this account, a
prejudice against him, which will demand time and
tact on his part to overcome.

-The quiet current of local politics has been broken
by a movement in the Council amounting at, once to
a resolution for stopping the supplies and an im-
peachment of "the Ministry." This measure has
been provoked by the apathy, carelessness, and ge-
neral incapacity of the members of the Executive
Government, made more apparent since the-depar-
ture of Mr. Deas Thompson, the late Colonial Secre-
tary... • His industry and administrative ability,
joined with great tact in directing the proceedings
of the Council itself, covered a multitude of sins in
his subordinates. He was always able to come to
the rescue of a blunderer, and always prepared
with an explanation on any subject. Whether some
of the incapacity so ev;dent in the "heads of de-

partments now may not have been 'partly pro-
duced by the long-continue.d habit of turning over
all the business to the one able chief, till the others
knew less of their duties than some of their clerks,
may be a question. Certain it is that in the pre-
sent session the officials have been, to use a corn-'
mon phrase, "all at sea." The incompetence
manifested itself gradually, and reached so high a
degree of development during the discussion of the
supplementary estimates for the present year that
the patience of the Opposition broke down, and
Mr. C. Cowper gave notice of the following reso-

made on the former vote of the legislative body ;
and there was a general feeling that the experiment
must be made, though with its present knowledge
of how the production and exportation of gold have
worked, the Council would certainly not petition
for a Mint now. It was alleged that the petition
had only been granted under a condition that ren-
dered the, privilege valueless. It was expected that
_the Australian sovereigns would be imperial coin,
whereas they are to hear a distinctive stamp, though
they will be of the exact weight and value as the
gold coinage of England. This distinction is con-
sidered fatal ; the gold coined in the colony will be
exported and received at as bullion only ;
it will not be a legal tender either in England or
any Of the British possessions ; it .is doubtful
whether it would pass current in the neighbouring
Australian province of Victoria. Why go to the
expense, it is asked, of striking coin that beyond
the boundary of New South Wales will be but so
much gold? The metal as it is dug up suffices
fOr every purpOse of commerce ; its value,is per-
fectly- well known. In fact, gold commands a
higher price here than it does in London, and more
than a-Mint would impart to it—at least nominally.
°aid and minor objections were not wanting. The
expense of the establishment will be out of all pro-
portion to the population of the colony ; it will be
at least 12,0001. a year for less than 250,000 inha-
bitants, whileit is
,said the Mint of the United
States supplies the coinage of 26,000,000 of popula-
lion for:30,000/. per annum. • It is calculated that
an issue from the Mint of 100,0001. a-year would
be amply sufficient for the internal trade of the
colony ; the machinery about to be erected is
capable of coining several millions in the same
space of time. Nor were these objections confined
to the Council ; they prevail equally out of doors
the Sydney Chamber of Commerce Condemned the
proposal, and 164 of the principal merchants,
bankers, and traders of the city signed a petition
against it. The opposition, however, has been
raised too late ; the Executive is bound by its en-
gagement with the Colonial-office, and was com-
pelled to resist the appointment of a committee of
inquiry, which was negatived only by a small ma-
jority of five.

The Council, on the motion of Dr. Lang, has
discussed the question of erecting the Moreton-bay
district of New South Wales into a separate pro-
vince, to which it is proposed to give the name of
Cooksland. The suggestion excites a stronger op-
position than the circumstances justify; these di-
visions of territory are inevitable, and are merely
questions of time and expediency. The province
of Now South Wales extends over an area equal to
the surface of Great Britain and France combined;
it is evident that the enormous distances from point
to point must render the administration of the
local affairs of a distant settlement, when they
have to be referred to the centre, both tedious and
uncertain. The increase of population in the dis-
tant north of the province must eventually compel
the Colonial-office to give that rising district a
separate local Government ; toe much importance
should not be attached to the feeling against the
proposal in the capital. The only questions should
be whether the population of Moreton-bay really
suffer in their interests by the remoteness of the
seat of Government, and whether they are as able
as they say they aro willing to pay the expenses of
a local administration. Iu the district north of the
30th parallel of latitude there aro about 15,000 in-
habitants, and the exports from it are valued at
500,0061. sterling a year. It "possesses laud both
arable and pastural of the finest le.3cription, navi-
gable rivers, and a harbour," and is as well calcu-
lated to be the centre of another colonial system as
Port Jackson or Port Philip. On the other hand,
it is alleged that the demand for separation is pre-
mature, and that the district is not yet able to
support the rather expensive machinery of a Colo-
nial Government. It is remarked that for all prac
tical purposes Moreton-bay is nearer to Sydney than
many places in the interior, that its resources are
overrated, that a local board to manage local mat-
ters is all that can be required, and that an inde-
pendent Executive would merely involve it in debt
and difficulties with the other colonies. A popula-
tion of 15,000 is, it must be confessed, a very small
one for a province, and in general the case of the
advocates of separation is much weaker in the facts
advanced in support of it than in principle. Dr.
Lang's motion was negatived by 25 votes to 7.
The important question connected with the in-
crease of the Australian provinces in number and
power has hitherto been strangely overlooked or
forgotten. Nothing has ever been done to lay the
foundation of a system of general control over
their legislation, or to secure the means of any com-
mon action between thorn like that supplied by the
federal authority of the United States. It might
be supposed that the Imperial power or the Colo-
nial-office would supply the deficiency, but it does
not ; nor can it ever do so. It disallows certain
acts or laws that happen to be at variance with the
principles of the English constitution, or trench
on the prerogatives of the Crown, and thus exer-
cises a certain control over the legislation of the
provinces in those questions that affect therelations
between them, as dependencies of England, and the
Imperial authority ; but on local affairs the several
Councils show a decided tendency to legislate with-
out the slightest care how their policy may affect
their neighbours. It is even now easy to foresee on
what points the most difficult conflicts will hereafter
arise. Many acts may receive the sanction of the
Crown, as containing nothing objectionable as far as
the authority or interests of the mother country are
concerned, which may cause the most mischievous
confusion in the relations of the provinces to each
other. Thus the several tariffs of Customs' duties are
becoming yearly more different ; the import duties*
of Victoria already differ so much from those of
New South Wales, that on the frontier between
these provinces on the River Murray they have
rival Custom-houses, between which the settlers
are as methodically harassed and impeded in their
trade as if the two colonies were foreign States. If
a new province were created at Moreton-bay its
tariff would probably differ from both those above-
mentioned, and more Custom-houses would be re-
quired on another inland frontier. Victoria has
just passed an absurd postage act, differing from
the system of all the other provinces, and that of
England also, making any arrangement of a gene-
ral system of postal communication with Europe
for this continent almost impossible, and throwing
the correspondence between the two provinces
themselves into the greatest confusion. Auy of
the other Councils have it in their power to add to
the mischief by some blunder of the same kind. In
granting the Mint to New South Wales, it appears
to have been left doubtful whether the gold coined
in it will be current in either of the other three
provinces, and it is by no means impossible they
may each at some future time petition for a Mint
of their own, though one well-appointed establish-
ment could with ease issue more coin yearly than
the whole continent will require for its annual
supply for the next two centuries. There is an
University at Sydney, with an able staff of pro-
fessors and an endowment of 5,0001. a year, which
the Government, with much good nature, pays for
finishing the education of 15 young gentlemen. As
there is no public or preparatory school to feed the
University, it is all but useless ; one educational
establishment of this kind would more than meet
the requirement; of the whole of the provinces for
several generations, ydt another is being founded in
Melbourne, with a second endowment and another
body of professors, and an equal certainty of failure
in its chief object, from the same cause. The two
provinces might have given some value to one esta-
blishment, had any power directed the respective
Governments in a united action ; but two Univer-
sities for a population less than that of a small
English county, where there is not a single public
or high school, to give the previous education re-
quired to "graduate" with any advantage, is a de-
plorable error. Even pursuits common to both
provinces are governed by different systems, though
the nature of the case required that one principle
should be observed. Tho tendency to legislate
without regard to the general effect of their policy,
or in a spirit of provincial rivalry, is rapidly in-
creasing, and the establishment of some authority,
federal in effect, if not in name, will soon become
absolutely necessary. The provincial Legislatures
will shortly receive increased powers ; but the esta-
blishment of what is called " responsible govern-
ment," without creating an authority to control
the acts of the Councils as they may affect the
whole group of colonies, Will produce many enor-
mous evils. The constitutions sent home for
approval all vary ; but none of them contain any
contain it—for creat-
inge
authorityul could
within the colonies
supply the kind of supervision hitherto
exercised, though very
Ptilvi a i
mays provision--nor
imperfectly, by the
Crown. If this is left undone, a few years hence
there will be on the Australian continent several
independent States (there are already four, with a
fifth fast growing up), each with a local Govern-
ment and Legislature, strongly imbued with local
feelings and jealousies. They will still be depen-
dencies of England, but, having the control of the
colonial finances and the land fund,
time imperial
power will present but a slight check in practice to

[PRICE SD.

much inter-colonial rivalry ; and we may yet soe
Englishmen, in the ago of free trade, fighting each
other with hostile intercolonial tariffs. As the im-
perial authority withdraws or lessens its inter-
ference with all these States separately, some
Australian board, council, or senate must be
created, with a power of disallowing or suspend-
ing those portions of the local legislation which
would evidently be a general mischief. Tho
problem, briefly stated, is this :—One country will
in a few years be under the government of five or
more Legislatures. Though Australia is generally
called "a colony," it is much more ; it is a cluster
of States on a vast continent, to which State after
State will be added in the course of time. They
have long outgrown the shadow of authority vested
in a Governor-General ; the control, of the Crown
will in future apply only to certain defined laws
and acts ; over all other questions the local councils
will have full authority, and without some power
on the continent itself, and rooted in it, to guide
the separate Legislatures into something like har-
mony with each other, or, at least, to prevent them
from coming into, conflict with each other, every-
thing will degenerate, year by year, into more help-
less confusion. Such a body might be formed now
the pending settlement of the constitutions of all
the several States by the Imperial Parliament fur-
nishes an opportunity that may never again occur.
It is for English statesmen to consider how the Op-
portunity_ is to be -used, and the consequences of
neglecting it.
Sir Charleanotham, as above stated, has paid a
visit to the gold fields of his government ; as he
did not go in state, and dispensed oven with the
attendance of an "orderly," he was some time
among the diggers at Bendigo before he was recog-
nised: His- Excellency and his 'lady were most
loyally received thrciughout '-the'ir tour,- and-Sir
Charles has evidently impressed the mining popula-
tion very favourably.
The gold returns of Victoria show that the pro-
duce of the several fields not only keeps up to an
average of 30,000 ounces per week, but that for
the month ending on the Ist of September the
weekly average was above that quantity ; it was
131,563 ounces. This return includes only what is
sent in to Melbourne and Geelong by the escorts,
but there is good reason to believe that a large ad-
ditional quantity is brought down for sale by private
conveyance, as the roads to the nearer fields are
now much safer to travel with a " heavy belt" than
they were even a year ago. For the week ending
the 2d of September the quantity of gold received
at Melbourne was 28,041 ounces ; for the week
ending on the 9th it was 31,728 ounces. The
whole quantity of gold shipped from the colony
during the present year is 1,489,800 ounces, valued
at 5,923,200/. sterling.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Commercial affairs both in Sydney and Melbourne
continue in a state of the utmost depression, and com-
plaints are loud and heavy of everything being over-.
done. Many predict " a crash," and there will no doubt
be some minor failures ; but that what is understood
by the term "a commercial convulsion" will occur
does not appear probable. The bulk of the losses on
the late large shipments and forced sales will fail on
the exporters at home, who have speculated with some-
thing like infatuation, regardless of the numbers of
the population, or what suits the market. Ttie resi-
dent firms, who order exactly what is wanted, have the
command of storeroom, and can wait, are not positive
losers, though at present they may not be making profits.
The immense deposits in the banks of Sydney and Mel-
bourne, and the fact that the paying power, the yield of
gold, is rather increasing than diminishing, indicate
that the mass of the mercantile houses are pethaitly
"solvent," and something more. The retailers who
have taken premises on lease in the last two years,
trusting to the continuance of excessively high prices,
and find business decrease both from competition and the
glut of goods, will be the severest sufferers. A gradual
descent to a more natural level of rents and prices would
be a public advantage, though it might involve the ruin
of some of the over-sanguine traders, who appear to
have believed at one time everything could go on rising
for ever. Tho severe losses. of many exporters in Eng-
land must at last produce their effect, though all the
warnings from the colony during the last year have
failed to impress on their minds the fact that 600,000
human beings cannot consume so much as 6,000,000 ;
that there is a limit to the consuming power of the
colony, and that that limit has been fully reached. The
stocks in Sydney and Melbourne are enormous ; and it
will require time to reduce them. So completely has
the state of things changed, that English manufactured
geode can be bought here and re-exported to Europe at
a profit • and a system of speculation, based on the cer-
tainty that it can be done, is actually springing up.
It will be perhaps difficult to give steadiness to trade
with a "land of gold" till a few years of experience has
given some severe lessens. San Francisco and Cali-
fornia are equally over supplied in this, the fifth year of
their golden era, and the returns of sales in that region,
like these from Australia, show that the shippers are
losing. As for the communities thus over-cared for,
all who are only consumers of course will hear of the
ruin of their mercantile benefactors with great calm-
ness. All the commercial reports agree in recom-
mending caution to exporters on speculation ; there
have been so few transactions since the last mail that
prices remain unchanged. In many articles they are
only nominal, for no business is being done in them.
The Sydney branch of the Oriental Bank has announced
it will allow interest of 2 to 5 per cent, on deposits.
The plan has excited much hostility from the other
banks, which 'nave been declaring large dividends, made
by the use of the extensive deposits, for which they paid
nothing. It is not unlikely that, however reluctant,
the old banks will bo compelled to adopt the same
system finally.
Price of Gold in Sydney, Sept. 19 :—New South
Wales, 31. 17s. to 31. 17s. fid. per oz. ; Ovens, 31. 191.
to 3/.195. 6d. per oz.; Port. Philip, 31.19,. to V. 19s. 6d. ;
Melbourne, 41. per oz.
Exchange on London, 5 per cent.