The Sun.
London, England, 1854-09-02 00:00:00

TEE WEATHER.—Suis Ormcm, SEPT. 2.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
68—highest since noon yesterday.
53 —lowest this morning and during the night.
69—this day at noon.
BAROMETER, 30'44—rising.
WIND, E.S.E.—Light breeze, with fine weather.

ter, c‘allato

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1854.

The interesting despatch from General BARA.
QUAY D'HILLIERS, which appeared in our impres-
sion of yesterday, proyes, beyond the possibility of

doubt or difficulty, the vast importance of the re-
cent exploit accomplished by the allied forces in

the Baltic. The great value of the Aland Isles as
an offensive position, from which he could securely
threaten neighbouring nations, had not been over-
looked by the AUTOCRAT. He clearly perceived its
wonderful capabilities, and determined to spare no
exertions or money to render it impregnable. An
advanced " Cronstadt," in fact, commanding the
Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, and the entire
Baltic, under conditions, as the French Admiral
PARSEVAL DESCHENES declares, " far superior to
those at Cronstadt or Sweaborg." Hence lie could
menace Sweden, Norway, Denmark (to the sove-
reignty whereof he was already looking forward),
and a portion of Prussia. It would also, when
his gigantic conception had been carried into
practical execution, serve as a defensive out-
post, that would sustain the brunt of the
first attack, and, so far, delay—if it did not
altogether baffie its assailants, as to pre-
vent any further injury being inflicted on the
Russian possessions during the brief interval of a
ncrthern summer. That these anticipations were
by no means exaggerated may easily be conceived
from a consideration of its geographical position,
in reference to the Baltic and both the gulfs, and
also from the following graphic description by the
French General of its local advantages. He says
—" The Isle of Aland is broken up in the direc-
tion of north and south, by arms of the sea which
penetrate into the land, and in which there are
thus thrown a number of lakes which, joined to-
gether by converging streams, permit almost the
entire isolation of some points of the isle. Thus,
in leaving Bomarsund, that fortress, situated on
the edge of the sea, has behind it an arm of the
sea and two lakes or marshes, which defend the
approaches to it. To this first enciente, or natu-
ral defence, there is joined a second of a more
extensive radius, which reaches to Castlehom,
runs from thence to Siby, and there unites with
the sea, by a tongue of land of small extent, and
easy to hold."
Here, then, was an opportunity of establishing
Russian power on the most solid foundation—of
creating an "impregnable" fortification, which
could resist the most formidable onslaught, and
prove to the fool-hardy assailants that, in attacking
" the god of the Russians," they were merely
imitating the foolish animal that destroyed its
teeth in " biting against a file "—of proving by
the most conclusive testimony, the vis inertice, or
resisting power of granite, and the utter hopeless-
ness of any attempt, however potent, against the
combined strength of nature and art.

Under such-circumstances,can we wonder at
of the
the magnitude
conception of the modern
" ISK would-be
ANDER," theconqueror of the
"civilised," aye, and of th the " uncivilised," world ?
We can easily credit the statement of General
BARAQUAY D'HILLIEEs that
was
"The intention of
the Emperor of Russil
make Bomarsund
one immense entrenched casuatof
naval forces, to the first of camp for
his
military and
constantßit. menace
there were great
obstacles, and which had been ca
to the neighbouring states of the After
obtaining possession of the Isles of Aland,
has not ceased to augment the fortifications Russia
Bomarsund ; and if, from that which exist7snBa ofd
that which was in course of execution, we may
judge of the projects of that power, Bomarsund
appeared destined to become the advanced sen-
tinel and the principal port of Russia in the

Baltic."
It is true that his wishes had not been toge-
as yet at-
ther carried out. Bomarsund had not al
tained the rank of a first-rate or Quasi im-
pregnable fortress. But we may learn
from
following account how far it had
- progtsieed
towards it. We are told that " Bomarsund,
with the three towers which formed its advanced
posts, included a garrison of 2,400 men ; it was
armed with 180 pieces of cannon, and was sup-
plied with a considerable amount of provisions."
Such preparation would, at all events, when the
strong holds were garrisoned by gallant defenders,
insure a protracted resistance, and serious, if not
ruinous, losses to the assailants, before the Rus-
sian standard would be lowered to any foe ; and
the salutary lesson thus taught would preserve
gulp, And Sweaborg, and Cronatadt from any

appearance of, or attempt at, attack. Where an
inferior fortress had inflicted so much damage on
the enemy, it would be little better than mad-
ness to encounter the still more potent defences
of these strongholds. But the futility of these
calculations have been made too clearly apparent
for even the Russians themselves to indulge any
longer in these flattering illusions. They have
seen how speedily and completely their boasted
walls of granite crumbled to the earth before the
bombardment of the Allies, when France and
England

" Both conjointly bent
Their battering cannon, charged to the mouths,
Till then soul-fearing clamours had brawled down
The flinty ribs of that contemptuous city."
This lesson, if painful, will also be salutary. It
will teach the CZAR that he must humble him-
self to the level. of ordinary humanity, and make
reparation to those whom he has so deeply in-
jured at any sacrifice of pride. General BARAGUAY
D'HILLIES declares—" The destruction of Bomar-
sund will be a considerable loss for Russia, not
less in a material sense than in a moral aspect.
We have destroyed in eight days the prestige
attaching to those ramparts of granite, which
cannon, it was said, could not overcome. We
know now, we cannot doubt it, that there is
nothing in those fortifications, so fine and so
menacing, which is not at the mercy of a well:
directed fire."

The result of this instruction is already known.
It appears that the Russians have not awaited
the attack on Hango, but at the very approach of
the Fleet have blown up their fortifications and
retired on Abo. There we must follow them, if
the commanders should not deem it more advisable
to follow up their first successes more rapidly, and
aim the next blow at Sweaborg,,or even at Cron-
stadt itself.

Under any circumstances, the clear intimation
of the value of the feat accomplished must prove
as satisfactory to ourselves as it is injurious and
humiliating to the Northern Despot.

It is now certain that Prince ALBERT will pay
a friendly visit to the French EMPEROR at
Boulogne. The horses and servants of his Royal
Highness have already arrived, and also the Guard
of Honour by which he is to be attended during
his sojourn amongst his good friends and allies.
This is as it should be, and we only regret that
we have to announce that "the fair MAJESTY of
ENGLAND" will not accompany her Princely Consort
on this first interchange of social compliments.
We have long since indicated the benefits to be de-
rived from suchaninterchange of civilities. "Louis
NAPOLEOIV," the chosen ruler of France, the se-
lected of Eight Millions of Electors, has afforded
the most conclusive testimony of his good faith
towards Europe, and more especially towards
England. Much as he must have felt the virulent
and wanton attacks directed against him
as Candidate—as President—and as Empe-
ror—when of the English Press " The
Sun" stood almost alone in rendering justice
to the illustrious object of these disgraceful libels
—he yet suffered no personal feelings to induce
any degree of hesitation when called on to sup-
port the cause of truth and justice. Ho has had
the noblest revenge, by exhibiting, in the
strongest light, the unmitigated falsehood of the
accusations that were so recklessly preferred.
By the power of his intellect, and the vigour and
energy of his actions, he has erected his throne
on the most substantial and most enduring basis
—the respectful esteem and affectionate loyalty
of his people. He has also earned golden opinions
from England and the English; so that those who,
in their undue prejudice, were prepared to curse,
are now willing to bless.
We wish, then, to see friendly relations not
merely between the peoples, but also between the
rulers, of France and England, and we rejoice at
this timely visit of the Prince Consort as only the
precursor of many such friendly meetings, that
will draw more closely together and firmly ce-
ment the alliance now subsisting, and render it,
in fact, as well as in name, an " enteinte cordiale."

Nor is Prince ALBERT to be the only Royal
visitor to the EMPEROR. It would almost seem
that a " Coburg Congress" was intended, for we
also find a visit announced from the King of the
BELGIANS, the " Nestor of the family," and one
from its rising hope the "Neoptelemus" of Port-
TraAL. We trust that the intercourse about to
take place may be regarded as the inauguration of
a new line of policy towards the EMPEROR rather
than the desire to carry out any " Coburg" in-
trigue with regard to Spain. It has been more
than hinted that hopes have been indulged in by
by more than one of " the family" of uniting the
Iberian and Lusitanian sceptres in the hands of
the Boy-King. We cannot, however, lend the
slightest credence to such a rumour, or believe
that the sound practical common sense of the Prince
Consort, or the experience of King LEOPOLD,
would permit them to participate in so chimerical
a project.—one that must necessarily occasion an
internal conflict in Spain, of which it would
be impossible to predict the result. The Spanish
people would never consent to come under' even
the temporary rule of Portugal, however pro-
mising might be the future prospects of the
United Kingdom.
Nor is it at all more likely that LOUIS
NAPOLEON could be won by a few honeyed words
or specious compliments to engage in such a
speculation. He has seen the effects of French
interference in Spanish affairs. He has wit-
nessed the fall of the Orleans dynasty, in conse-
quence of the intrigues of Louis PHILIPPE to
procure the throne for his own family, and, with
such "beacon light" before him, he could not
easily be brought to enter on such devious paths,
for what could hold out no advantages to him-
self or to his empire. As there could be no
rational hope of gaining his assent to such a
project, we shall not suppose that there is any
notion of attempting it, strange as the visits of so
many COBURGS to France at the same time may be;
and that, too, when the " spirit of mischief " has
just escaped from Madrid, when MARIA CHRIS-
TINA is sojourning in the Portuguese capital.
Let us, then, accept the meeting for
what we believe it really to be—a mark of
friendly respect for the reigning Sovereign of
Prance--an indication of the just sense enter-
tained of the important services which he has
rendered to the cause of order. It will be a glo-
rious spectacle for those who behold it—more
cheering even than the interview on the field of
the cloth of gold between HENRY and FRANCIS,
which took place at no great distance from the
same spot, and one which we firmly believe will
prove the forerunner of a long course of amity be-
tween nations which were too long opposed to
each other, but, firmly united, may defy the world
in arms.

SIR JAMES GRAHAM AMONG THE FARMERS.--The
First Lord of the Admiralty arrived at Carlisle on W
nesday night, and on the next day went to Whiteba,veed-
and attended the show and dinner of the Cumberland
and
and Westraoreland Agricultural Society. At the dinner
the right hon. baronet took the chair, and found himself
surrounded by some of the principal gentry of the county,
ratif with the addition of the Lord Mayor
character, but the
of London. The
speeches were of a highly ging
y
speakers rarely passed out of the circle of personal com.
pliments, doubtless well merited, but uninteresting to
the public.

COURT CIRCULAR.

OSBORNE, SEPT. 1.

The Queen and Prince, accompanied by Lady Susan
Ramsay and the Right Hon. W. Gladstone, drove out
yesterday afternoon.
The Duchess of Wellington, the Hon. C. Cavendish,
and Captain Du Plat, were in attendance.
His Excellency Soliman Pacha arrived from London
on a visit.
The Duchess of Kent dined with her Majesty. The
Royal party also included Soliman Pacha, the Earl of
Clarendon, Lady Susan Ramsay, Lady Anna Maria
Dawson, Lady Frances Bruce, the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, and the Hon. Colonel Phipps.
Th• Hon. Caroline Cavendish has succeeded the Hon.
Flora Macdonald as Maid of Honour in Waiting.
His Excellency Soliman Pacha, the Earl of Claren-
don, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, returned to
London to-day.

The Earl of Clarendon arrived in town yesterday
afternoon from Osborne. The Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer also arrived from a visit to her Majesty.
Despatches were sent yesterday afternoon from the
Colonial-office to the Governors of the North Ameri-
can Provinces, and to the Governors of the West India
Islands.

TIIE VISIT OF PRINCE ALBERT TO
THE FRENCIL CAMP.

Several alterations have taken place with regard to
the Royal squadron escort. The present arrangements
are as follow :

His Royal Highness the Prince Consort will embark
on Monday, the 4th inst., on board the Royal yacht
Victoria and Albert, Captain the Hon. J. Denman, and
will proceed to Boulogne, to be present at a review at
the camp of St. Omer by the Emperor of the French.
The Prince will be escorted by
Black Eagle, Admiralty paddle yacht, Master Com-
mander Petley.
Vivid, Admiralty paddle tender, Master Commander
Allen.

Hornet, 17, screw, Commander Campbell.
Malacca, 17, screw, Captain Farquhar.
Salamander, 6, paddle, Commander Priest.
Dasher, 4, Captain Lefebre, will remain as a guard of
honour in attendance on the Queen at Osborne. Her
Majesty will take occasional airings in the Royal screw
yacht Fairy, Captain Crispin.
Hornet, 17, Commander Frederick Campbell, left
Spithead for Cowes, yesterday afternoon.
Salamander, 6, Commander Priest, will discharge her
packages into Portsmouth Dockyard hands, and will
drop down to Osborne this morning.
Captain Herrick, R.N., Admiralty Superintendent at
Dover, proceeded to Folkestone, and arranged the em-
barkation, in one of the South-Eastern Company's steam-
vessels, of the horses (27) for the Royal Staff, for Boulogne.
Captain Snaithett, of the Dover, Calais, and Ostend
Royal Mail service, has, by command of the Admiralty,
proceeded to Portsmouth to pilot the Victoria and Albert
to Boulogne.

The Grand Duchess de Anholt Wurtemburg and suite
have arrived at the Clarendon Hotel, Bond-street, from
Dover. The distinguished party came over from Ostend
to Dover by the Royal Mail steam-packet Violet (day
service) on Thursday.
The Duchess of Sutherland, accompanied by the
youthful Lord Ronald Leveson Gower, has arrived at
Stafford House, from the romantic watering place of
Krutznach, on the Rhine, near Cologne, where her
grace's youngest son, the Lord Albert, i.' still remaining
for the improvement of his health. The noble duke is
staying at Dunrobin Castle, whither her grace will
shortly proceed.
The Marquis of Clanricarde is receiving a small party
at his lordship's baronial seat Portumna Castle.
The Marquis of Lothian takes his departure on the
20th instant for Constantinople, and on a tour in the
East.

The Earl of Clarendon (Foreign Secretary) returned
to Grosvenor-crescent yesterday, from a visit to the
Queen at Osborne, Isle of Wight.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Hardwicke, accompanied
by Major Roche, aide-de-camp to the inspector general
of cavalry, has arrived at Galway.
The Earl of Traquair and his sister, Lady Louisa
Stuart, left Edinburgh on Monday for Germany. They
proceed to Baden, the waters of whose celebrated
spa have been recommended to his lordship, who has
been much troubled of late with attacks of rheumatism.

The Earl of Crawford and BAlcarres, accompanied by
Lord and Lady Lindsay, has arrived at Dunecht House,
from Haigh Hall, near Wigan.
The Earl of Cawdor, Viscount Emlyn, Lord E.
Thynne, and a select party, are staying at Cawdor
Castle.

Lord and Lady Willoughby d'Eresby will receive a
succession of distinguished guests during the ensuing
week at Drummond Castle, Perthshire.
Lord and Lady Rokeby and the Hon. Misses Mon-
tagu have left Montagu House, Portman-square, for
Highwood House, Herts.
Lord Rutherfurd arrived on Saturday last on a visit
to Lord Panmure.
Colonel Balfour Ogilvy has arrived at Tannadice. Ho
is so far recovered from his indisposition as to carry his
intention into effect of immediately returning to his
duties in the East.

1 Sir Charles Forbes, Bart., of Newe and Edinglassie,
arrived at Nowe Castle, Strathdon, on Saturday last,
from Brorn wood, Surrey.
On Wednesday last the infant son and heir of Sir
James and Lady Catherine Carnegie was baptised at
Exton Park (the seat of the Earl and Countess of Gains-
borough), by the Rev. Dr. Guthrie, of Edinburgh.
It is said that preliminaries are arranged, and that a
marriage will shortly take place between the beautiful
and accomplished Miss Alison, only daughter of Sir
Archibald Alison, Bart., of Possil House, Lanarkshire,
and Robert Cutlar Fergusson, Esq., of Craigdarrach and
Orraland, son of the late Right Hon. Robert Cutlar
Fergusson, M.P.
The marriage of the Lady Burghersh with the Mar-
quis Caracciolo St. Teodoro, was solemnised yesterday,
at St. James's Church, Piccadilly.
DEATH OF THE COUNTESS OF CAITHNESS.—We regret
to record the demise of the Countess of Caithness, who
expired a few days since at the family residence at
Edinburgh. The deceased Countess, Francis Harriet,
was, youngest daughter, and co-heir of the Very Rev.
William Leigh, Dean of Hereford, and was married to
the Earl of Caithness, Nov. 23d, 1813, by whom she
leaves issue two sons, the eldest Lord Berriedale, mar-
ried to a daughter of Sir Geo. and Hon. Lady Philips.
THE WAR AND THE CUSTOMS.—The Commissariat
being in want of additional men to go to the East, 10 of
the weighers of the Customs establishment in London,
who volunteered their services, have been selected.
None were eligible but those who, in addition to their
bodily health, could produce from their superiors certifi-
cates of character and steady conduct. The men chosen
are smart and active fellows, and will no doubt do them-
selves credit. Their pay is to be 7s. per day, while on
foreign service, v,ith the option of resuming their situa-
tions in the Customs when they return home.—Civil
Service Gazette.
FREEDOM OF THE CITY OF ABERDEEN TO BE CON-
FERRED ON MR. HUME, M.P.—At a meeting of the town
council of Aberdeen, held on Thursday, the Lord Pro-
vost stated that the magistrates resolved on the previous
day to recommend to the council to confer on Mr. Hume
the highest honour in the power of the municipality to
to bestow—namely, the freedom of the city. The Lord
Provost passed a high eulogium on Mr. Hume for his
long career of distinguished usefulness and his private
virtues, and other members endorsed his lordship's senti-
ment, referring to Mr. litune's services in the cause
of popular progress, political, social, and intellectual.
Reference was also made to the fact that Mr. Hume
had formerly represented the city of Aberdeen in Parlia-
ment, and had been twice elected Lord Rector of Mari-
schal College and University. The proposal was unani-
mously and very cordially agreed to, and it was remitted
to the magistrates to communicate with Mr. Hume,
whom the Provost had seen, and who it was under-
stood would accept the honour, and to make the neces-
sary arrangements for the ceremony. The burgess roll
of Aberdeen, it may be mentioned, contains many illus-
trious names, the last four being his Royal Highness
Prince Albert the late Sir R. Peel, Sir J. Graham, and
the Earl of Carlisle.
ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL.—The Bishop of London has
appointed the following gentlemen special preachers at
the metropolitan cathedral for the present month :
Sunday, Sept. 3, the Rev. Henry Venn, 8.D., secre-
tary of the Church Missionary Society ; Sunday, Sept.
10, the Rev. Townsend Bennett, M.A., Rector of St.
Mary, Aldermary ; Sunday, Sept. 17, the Rev. Richard
Harvey, M.A., Rector of Hornsey ; Sunday, Sept. 24,
the Rev. James T. Round, 8.D., Rector of All Saints,
Colchester.
ST. PETERSBURG.—The advices from St. Petersburg
are to the 24th of August, but they contain no informa-
'Con except that the accounts from the great fair at
Nishi, which was then in progress, were regarded as
tolerably satisfactory. From Odessa the letters repeat
that the grain crops throughout Southern Russia are
very large, and that owing to the state of affairs pur-
chases of wheat may be made at unprecedentedlli low
rates. Including warehouse-rent for a year, the cost
would not be more than 14s. to 15s. per quarter fres on
board.
ESCAPE FROM DARTMOOR PRISON.—On Wednesday
information was received at the Chief Police-office,
Whitehall-place, of the extraordinary escape of James
Taylor and John Gray, two convicts under sentence of
transportation, who contrived, on Tuesday evening last,
the 29th inst., to elude the vigilance of the warders and
sentinels, and effected their escape from Dartmoor pri-
son by scaling the high wall and then dropping from its
lc
ehs
at
rhe e
iyn
vs uo cl
vc
ee
de d eind
ni ny s
te theirr y
with materials. As soon as their escape became
sf:
ihuiagrfithmitt iagainst
nesgoml yme asanunssypbeebtsewtda they were supplied surrep-
titiouslyhei
known, the governor despatched a number of warders and
the military to scour the adjacent country in search of
them, but they returned unsuccessful ; but as they have the
convict dress (drab colour), marked "D. P.," it is conjec-
tured that they are secreted in the locality, with the
intention of ultimately proceeding to some seaport for
embarkation. James Taylor is described as 5 feet 51
inches in height, dark brown hair, grey eyes, fresh com-
plexion ; is a collier, and worked at Prescot, Lancashire,
where his friends reside ; has a downcast look, cuts out-
side the right eye, on the left side of the chin, on right
thumb, and of side the left thigh, and arms and face
much freckled. John Grey is 22 years of age, 5 feet 51
inches high, brown hair, blue eyes, dark complexion ;
mark of a cut under the right eye, ditto on left hand,
ditto on back, skin mark on right shoulder, the second
finger on right hand has been dislocated, and he has a
very scowling expression of countenance. The governor
has offered rewards for their apprehension.