The Sun.
London, England, 1853-03-23 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 23, 1853.

L'AIGLE D'OR MINING COMPANY of
VIRGINIA.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the SCRIP of this Company will
be ready for delivery to the shareholders. 1n exchange for the
Ranker's Receipts, on and after MONDAY next, the 28th 'mt., at the
Offices of the Company, as under, between the hours of eleven and
four. By Order of the Company.
. D. NISBETT, Jun , Secretary.
22, Austin-frlars, March 21, 1853.

-Q OYER'S AROMATIC MUSTARD is now
kj ready at Al Grocers' and It Awl Warehouses.—Who:esale
Aiients: CROSSE and tsLACKWELL, London. • -

_ANTWERP and ROTTERDAM RAILWAY
COMPANY.—NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN, That interest at the
rate of 5 per cent. per annum for the tialf•year ending 31st March,
1853, will be PAYABLE on the SHARES of this Company on and
after the 4th April next.
The Certificates must be left at the Offices of the Company in
Brussels or in London, flue days previous to the delivery of the
interest warrants.

By order of the Road.
W. MACKENZIE SHAW, Sec.
16, Canon-street, London, March 3, 103.

ROYAL SWEDISH RAILWAY COMPANY.
INTEREST GUA►IANTEED BY THE STATE.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the Firtir HALF-YEAR'S
I NTEREST, at the rate of Four per Cent. per annum, tine on the
27th Aprd next, will be PAYABLE on and after the Ist of May fol-
lowing.
ll,terest warrants payable in London will be delivered at that date
on presentation of the scrip at the office (Attie Company.
By order of the Board of Directors,
EDW. C. NICHOLLS, Secretary.
Londin, 28, Poultry, March 18, 1853.

ON E SHILLING—PARLIAMENTARY and
POSTAL DIRECTORIES. —The "Supplement to the Post
Office London Directory for 103" contain., at the above price, and
in addition to the ordinary supplemental matter, the copious " Par-
liamentary Directory," corrected to this time ; and "Postal Direc-
tory," giving Mum authentic sources) all the arrangements of the
Post °Rice as now in operation.
Kelly & Co., 19 and 20, Old Boswell Court, London ; and all
booksellers in the United Kingdom.

PURSUANT to an ORDER of the HIGH
COURT of CHANCERY, made in the matter of the estate cf
JOHN SMIT ET, deceased, and in a cause " HENRY ABU CH against
WILLIAM SMITH," the Creditors of JOHN SMITH, late of No.
6, Margaret-street, Cavendish-square, in the county of Middlesek,
Gas F,tter (who died in or about the month of January, 1852), are,
by their Solicitors, on or before the 25th day of April 1853, to come
in and prove their debts, at the Chambers of the Vice-Chancellor
Sir Richard Torin Kindersley, No. 15, Old-square, Lincoln's-inn,
Middle.ex, or in default thereof they will be peremptorily e eluded
fr6m the benefit of the said Order. •
Monday, the 2d day of May, 1653, at two o'clock in the afternoon,
at the said Chambers, is appointed for hearing and adjudicating
upon the Claims.
Dated this 22d day of March, 1853.
FRED. ERS. EDWARDS, Chief Clerk.
GEORGE F. ELAND, 4, Trafalgar-square, Plaintiff's Solicitor.

V HE NESS ISLANDS. The Picturesque
1. Scenery of the Ness must be impressed on the memory of all
who have ever paid a visit to the Capital of the Highlands. About
half a mile from town the river is studded with a Group of Wooded
Islands, which greatly contribute to the beauty of the landscape.
The bridges, formerly connecting them with each other, and with the
banks of the river on either side, were destroyed, and carried away
by the Great Flood of 1849; so that, since that time, all access to
them has been prevented.
An effort is now being made to have these bridges restored, and
for this purpose the sum of 8001. is required. As a place of recrea-
tion for all ranks of the community, and especially for the working
classes, whose' interests now deserve lly occupy; so large a share
of public attention, no park can be more desirable.
The Committee appointe4 to further this object will most grate-
fully acknowledge any donation with which they may be favoured.
Subscriptions will be received by the Treasurer, Charles Water-
ston, Esq., Manager of the Caledonian Bank, Inverness ; or by the
agents for the Bank of Scotland, the British Linen Company, the
National Bank and the Commercial Bank, at Inverness.

THE GOVERNMENT Or

(From the Timm)
The population of British India amounts to
150,000,000, or thereabouts ; the number of the
East Indian potentates who hold awful session in
.Leadenhall-street is precisely 24. Now, it is far
from our intention, by this juxtaposition of figures,
to draw any such conclusion as the one which lost
Archdeacon Paley a bishopric. The Czar of Russia
is, numerically speaking, but a unit, and the pro-
portion between this unit and the millions of units
submitted to his sway is infinitely more out of pro-
portion than in the case of " Jolin Coompaui" and
the 160,000,000 Hindus, IVlussulmans, and what
not, who dwell between the Himalayas and the
Bay of Bengal. But the Russian Emperor is
stringently bound, by every tie of interest as well
as of duty, to carry on the processes of Govern-
ment in such a manner as may be best calculated
to promote the welfare of his vast empire. Let us
continue the illustration, but alter the case. Sup-
pose that the office of Czar, in place of being a
permanent " appointment," was but for a fixed
term ; in point of fact, that Nicholas I. were a
species of Russian Director. Suppose further
that as the price of his elevation he had been
compelled to canvass the electors for many pre-
vious years ; that he had digested humiliation
of every kind, incurred refusals five and six times
at the door of every palace
in St. Petersburgh,
bartered his future patronage for promises of
support, and so finally, through the gate of
humility and the byepaths of corruption, had
attained the object of his ambition. Could there
be any doubt in such a case t that during the
tenure of his power he would farm the ap-
pointments of the Russian empire from the baton
of the Field-Marshal to the insignia of a tide-
waiter at Kronstadt, with a single view to the
advancement of his own fortunes and the advan-
tage of his friends and dependents ? Dearly would
he have purchased the opportunity, and strenuously
would he labour, no doubt, to make hay-while the
sun shone. The position of an East Indian Director
is pretty much that of the Russian Autocrat in the
supposed case. We do not quarrel in a certain
sense with Directors for using the position which
they have laboured so hard to attain for the benefit
of their families and their immediate friends.
While human nature is human nature it is but
natural that Sir Horatio Mulligatawny should hold
that his eldest son John, who is of a studious turn,
and has already made considerable progress in the
Greek contfact verbs, will one day or other prove
an ornament to the bench in the Sudder Dewanny
Adawlut, after he has collected taxes for certain
years in the Trichinopoly district ; that Theodoric,
who has ever been friends with the old family
coachman, is admirably adapted for cutting his
country's enemies to pieces m the light blue and
silver of the Madras Cavalry ; and that the lively
Timothy, his youngest hope, has been predestined
by fate to a " direct appointment" to the Bengal
army without the preliminary purgatory of Addis-
combe. The only surviving son of Sir Horatio's
widowed sister, Louisa Ramsbottom—the late
Major Ramsbottom was on the Bombay establish-
ment—is a damp and flaccid student at St. Cathe-
rine's Hall, and has already given evidence of strong
theological twitches in his character. Why should he
not have the chaplaincy which falls to his uncle's
gift by rotation, or can readily be procured by ex-
change of patronage with a brother Director The
chances are that the young men will discharge the
duties of their several posts quite as satisfactorily
as their compeers, according to the Indian standard.
We do not say that a very high-minded man would
so juggle with his conscience, but we must not
apply too high a standard to human transactions if
we would avoid disappointment. The East Indian
Director uses his patronage as 99 per cent. of his
predecessors • have done before him, and precisely
as his co-Directors are using it at the present
moment. If, then, the people of India groan
under such a mal-administration of justice, or
rather under such an administration of injustice
as that of which we gave a few examples. on Satur-
day last, it is not for their own benefit, nor is
it for the benefit of the population of these islands,
who have as little to do with the matter as they
have with the internal administration of Patagonia
or Rupert's Land. The only persons really belie-
fitted in the business aro the 24 East Indian Di-
rectors and -their appointees:" The- 'Directors, as
we before observed, are 24 in number—the popu-
lation of India 150,000,000—in other words, each
Director farms 6,000,000 or thereabout of human
beings for the benefit of his family, relations, and
friends.

The specimens of Madras justice which we laid
before our readers , on Saturday wore but a few
instances taken at random from Mr. Norton's
pamphlet. This gentleman had but culled a few
flowerets from the reports of the Courts of the
Civil and Criminal Appeal in the Madras Presi-
dency. These reports were only begun in 1849, but
they are more than sufficient to show the method
of legal administration in India. Let it be re-
membered that whilst tax-gatherers are placed upon
the seat of justice, there are hundreds and hun-
dreds of young and middle-aged men in this
country amply qualified to discharge the duties of
their profession, who are starving in Westminster-
hall. Common sense will not make a man a lawyer,
more than it will qualify him for a surgeon.,
In the selection of judges why should competent
lawyers be just the persons overlooked ? Why,
here we have before us a case in which a suit was
brought for a piece of ground of the value of 15
rupees (1/. 10s.), and a house of the value of 40
rupees (4/.), and for an injunction to have a wall
built. The case was tried five times, and then one
court of appeal overruled the decision of theirim-
mediate predecessors. Then we come upon
another, in which the plaintiff had exercised no
right over the land in dispute since 1806. The
case was tried five times. At last the Judge's
decree was reversed, and it was declared that the
Statute of Limitations barred all further litigation.
In another case a simple fact was at issue—was
there or was there not a division 'of family ? This
was tried four times over, and the Sudder Court
remitted it for a fifth trial. Think of your Indian
brethren, ye unreasonable Jarndyces of England—
clap your hands and rejoice that ye live in a
country where justice is cheap, speedy, and just !
Then, there is a special appeal from a decision of the
sub-judge of Calicut. The matter in dispute was of
the value of ten rupees, with one rupee damage, for
cutting plantains. The case was tried four times,
and is marked in the report as remanded for a
fifth trial. Then we have a " leading case" from
a decision of the Judge of Salem. The suit was
brought to recover a house alleged to have been
forfeited under a mortgage bond. The bond was
illegal, as having been executed "to save the defend-
ant's property from liability to satisfy the claims of
other persons." The sub judge decided for the
plaintiff by giving him damages, not the house—he
was out of possession. The judge on appeal decided
that the plaintiff had no right, because the sale was
nominal. Then, one judge of the Sudder admitted
an appeal which the two otheri Overruled. It turned
out after all that the suit which operated upon a
value of 124 rupees—had been barred from the be-
ginning by limitation. Of another case Mr. Norton
writes :—" It will be observed that this is nothing
but a continuance of errors from first to last. The
first judge decides upon a copy of an instrument.
The next judge decides that the defendants have
fraudulently made away with the very instrument
which would prove their case ; and, lastly, the im-
portant point of law in it is' overlooked altogether.
The case has already been tried five times." These
stories of fresh trial upon trial meet us at every
sentence. Considering the present condition of the
Indian bench, and that every fresh trial appears
but to lead to a fresh blunder, one can scarcely
help wishing that the first blunder were held
decisive, without possibility of reversal or power of
appeal.

We will conclude with. one or two examples of
criminal justice, if but to complete the picture.
Three persons were committed on a charge of mur-
der ; the first was charged with having ordered the
two others to kill the deceased. They accordingly
beat and kicked her to death. The judge who
tried the case convicted them only of
" culpable
homicide ;'because, as Water was thrown on the de-
ceased in order to revive her, it does not appear
that they intended to kill her." This " culpable
homicide" would appear to be a favourite decision
with Indian judges, who do not like calling things
by hard names. It was so held by a learned func-
tionary in a case in which a man confessed that he
had stabbed another in a fit of resentment, because
' he interfered in a quarrel between the prisoner
and a third person. Sometimes, however,.the de-
cision of an Indian Old Bailey goes the other way,
and the mercy of one judge is qualified by the se-
verity of another. Here is an instance : Two
men fall out ; about twenty minutes afterwards,
the one , goes up to the other and gives him a blow
with a bullock yoke. The man so struck never
spoke again. The judge who tried the case held
that the prisoner should have been arraigned for
murder, and not for culpable homicide, as was the
case. Se decided that he had incurred the punish-

ment of death. We know not what lurking doubt
of the legality of his decision may have operated
upon the mind of this learned individual, but we
find him interfering in the prisoner's favour with the
court above, by leaving it for the consideration
of the Foujdaree if a lighter punishment than death
might not be inflicted, " because the parties were
near relatives and had previously been on friendly
terms." No doubt, to a sensitive and well-regu-
lated mind, the fact that the person murdered was
in friendly relations with the murderer must give
many an additional pang. Lawyers in estimating
punishment should, of course, entertain the ques-
tion of the character and amount of an hypothetical
repentance. We can conceive cases in which the
anguish of a murderer may have been so great in
consequence of his act as not only to exonerate him
from the halter, but absolutely to entitle him to a
pecuniary reward from sympathising humanity—.
could the balance be but nicely adjusted. We will
conclude our brief notice of criminal cases by men-
tioning one of robbery, in which a prisoner was
convicted of having stolen goods, not only without
proof, but in the teeth of a declaration from the
alleged owners that the property in question did
not belong to them. We are compelled by our
limits to break off at this point with our abstract
of Indian leading cases. It cannot be for the ad-
vantage of India that justice should be so traves-
tied. The general population of the three kingdoms
have no interest but that India should be contented
and prosperous—a fertile producer of all that we
require, and a bountiful customer in return. For
whose benefit is a system maintained in which she
is too misgoverned to produce and too poor to pur-
chase ? Who gains but the Directors and their
friends, and are not justice and good government
too dear to be bartered for their favour

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PLYMOUTH, MARCH 22.

Orders from the Admiralty were received here to-day
fully to man her Majesty's ship the Queen, 116, Capt.
Mitchell. She has 400 men ; her complement is about
900. This is stated to be preparatory to her receiving
the flag of the Admiral of the Channel fleet.

The Vengeance, 84, Capt. Lord Edward Russell, with
four months' provisions on board, continues in the
Sound, hourly expecting orders to proceed to the Medi-
terranean.

The Espiegle, 12, Commander G. Hancock, arrived at
Spithead this morning from Sheerness, on her way to
the West Indies.

The London, 90, Captain Mundy, was paid advanced
wages at Spithead this morning.
The Fairy steam-yacht, Master Commander Welch,
proceeded out of harbour this morning on another screw
trial, under the direction of Captain Crispin, and re-
turned in the evening.
The Growler, 5, paddle steam-sloop, is ordered to be
taken out of the steam-basin and docked, to have her
bottom overhauled.

WOOLWICH, MARCH 22.
APPOINTMENTS. •

Chaplain—The Rev. John B. Bunce, B.A. (1845), re-
cently serving in the Phaeton, 50, to the Vengeance,
84, the latter vessel being under orders of readiness for
the Mediterranean station.

Assistant-Surgeon—Robert W. Beaumont (1848), re-
cently serving in the Castor, 50, on the Cape of Good
Hope station, to the Naiad, 42, store-ship, stationed at
Callao.

Clerk—Robert IV. Warwick (1846), recently serving
in the Phaeton, to be Clerk in Charge to the Tyne store-
ship, at Portsmouth, taking on board stores for the Island
of Ascension and Rio.

Mr. Charles Kerr Renwick, chief engineer and one of
the survivors of the Birkenhead steam-frigate, whose
conduct at the time of the melancholy loss of that vessel,
off the Cape of Good Hope, was noticed in terms of the
highest approbation in the report of Staff-Surgeon Dr.
Bowen, has been appointed chief engineer to the Phcenix
screw steam-sloop, in dock at Woolwich, fitting for an
expedition to the Arctic regions.
Mr. R. Drummond is appointed first assistant-engineer
to the Phcenix.

The Melampus, 42, passed Woolwich to-day from
Sheerness, on her way up the river to, John Penn and
Son's wharf, at Deptford, to receive on board the heavy
parts of the machinery and-boilers of St. Jean D'Acre,
manufactured by that firm, and will convey them round
to Devonport to be put on board that ship, of 101 guns,
to be launched on the 23d inst. at that port. The Me-
lampus was towed up from Sheerness by the Cyclops
paddlewheel steam-frigate, and the latter will take the
lighter parts of the machinery on board, and then tow
the Melampus to Devonport.
The Terrible steam-frigate, having been again fitted
with her four boilers, for which she was originally con-
structed, and her engines of 800 horse-power repaired
and put on board, had her steam up during the greater
part of to-day in the inner basin to try their working,
and although held by the stern by strong cables, she
ground massive pieces of timber into small fragments
when placed betwixt her bows and the granite-wharf
wall next the factory. The paddlewheels, about 33 feet
ih diameter, revolved quickly and worked well.
The screw cast from eleven tons of brass for the Aga-
memnon, 91, was taken out of its casting-frame yester-
day afternoon, and is as perfect in every part as could
have been wished. Workmen are now busily employed
in removing the superfluous parts, and when it is finished
in the engineer department it will be sent round to Ports-
mouth as a reserve screw from the Agamemnon, at pre-
sent at that port.
The workmen are engaged in the foundry to-day in
preparing for the casting of a brass tube 14 feet long and
21 inches in diameter inside to 'be placed in the stern of
the Hannibal screw steam-ship, to receive the shaft of
her screw-propeller. A similar tube was cast last week
for the Algiers, 90, screw steam-ship, building at Devon-
port. Each f the brass tubes to receive the shafts of
the screw-propellers of these ships weighs 1 ton 18 cwt.
The one for the Algiers has been finished in the engi-
neer department.
The Isabel, Lady Franklin's screw steam-vessel, will
steam down the river to Greenhithe on Thursday, and
Commander Inglefield will proceed to that station to
swing her compasses ; and it is expected she will be able
to leave the river on Saturday, on her enterprising voy-
age, in charge of Mr. Kennedy, for Bhering's Straits.

SHEERNESS, MARCH 21,

At 9 a.m. this day a court-martial assembled on board
the Waterloo to try George Wright, an able seaman (a
native of Belgium), under an Admiralty warrant, dated
the 15th day of March inst., for deserting from the Ho-
ratio.

The president and the members of the court' having
been duly sworn, the Deputy•Judge-Advocate then had
the usual oath administered to him by the president of
the court.

The prisoner George Wright and all the witnesses
being present, the charge was read by the Deputy-
Judge-Advocate, charging the said prisoner with desert-
ing from on board her Majesty's ship Horatio, on the
Ist day of March instant, while serving on board as an
able seaman.

Captain the Hon. S. T. Carnegie, in command of her
Majesty's ship Horatio, was the prosecutor, and after
evidence had been adduced,

The Deputy-Judge-Advocate read the sentence of the
Court, which was to the following effect :—That the
opinion of that Court was, the charge of desertion had
been fully proved against the prisoner, and that the
Court, after maturely and deliberately weighing the evi-
dence and the defence set up by the prisoner, sentenced
him to be imprisoned in the county gaol at Maidstone
for the term of six calendar months, and then to be dis-
missed her Majesty's service.

DEVONPORT.—The inhabitants of Devonport are much
pained to hear that the Government have again deter-
mined to form a convict establishment here on a large
scale. A building is to be erected. Colonel Jebb is
expected here, when, in connection with the official au-
thorities, a site will be chosen, and the works commenced
without delay. This will be a general calamity, as the
labour of the honest man will be taken away, and with
it the whole of his little earnings, which is now distri-
buted amongst the various tradesmen—the draper, gro-
cer, butcher, &c., besides the rent of his room, which
will be severely felt by the householder—the poor rate
at present in this parish is 2s. 6d. in the pound ; while
with the convicts everything will be served in by con-
tract ; when few indeed will receive any benefit, and, as
it sometimes happens, the contractor himself becomes a
bankrupt.—Herald.