The Sun.
London, England, 1854-02-09 00:00:00

THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 9, 1854.

expressed his satisfaction at the improving prospects
of the chamber. It included now (he said) the
names of the greater portion of the largest mer-
chants of the port—merchants who, for enterprise,
integrity, and experience, were 'not to be surpassed
in the world. Mr. Bouch then glanced at the va-
rious subjects which had occupied the attention of the
chamber, and at the success which had attended its ef-
forts. The Liverpool merchants had now the boon
awarded them of having a collector, comptroller, and
inspector-general sitting in jurisdiction upon all cases in
dispute between merchants and the Customs, where the
sum at issue did not exceed the amount of 100/.—an
amount within which might be included four-fifths of the
disputed cases in Liverpool. If this jurisdiction were
not sufficient, there was a power of appeal to the county
court, whose jurisdiction had been specially extended to
cases of 1001. With re-pect to deficiencies on dutiable
goods in bond, the merchants of Liverpool, on their
being able to prove that the deficiencies were not greater
than those of London, were now to be allowed the same
privileges as were enjoyed in the metropolis. With
the large cost of bonds, and the trouble attend-
ant upon the obtaining of securities, doubtless
every merchant must be familiar ; but he was
happy to inform the chamber, that the warehouse-
keepers were now to give the bonds, and the merchant
was released altogether from any liability of this kind.
This would be a saving in some cases to merchants of
201. per month, and frequently of a much larger amount.
In order to facilitate the export of goods, the Custozns
had granted that, where entries had been passed for
goods taken from one ship to export in another, such ex
portation should take effect without examination of the
goods at all, except in cases where fraud was suspected.
Mr. Bouch concluded his speech by alluding to the op-
position of the Shipowners' Association to the efforts
made on the part of the chamber for the exoneration of
free goods from the passing of entries ; by some com-
ments upon the necessity of a reform in the commercial
law, and of the establishment of tribunals of commerce ;
and by brief allusions to the proposed changes in the
laws of bankruptcy and partnership, and the practice of
the county courts.
Mr. POWLES seconded the motion, which Mr. M‘FIE
supported, eulogising Mr. Leoni Levi for the valuable
lectures upon commercial law which he had delivered
during the summer, at the chamber.
Mr. M'IvER (of the Cunard Steam Packet Company)
warmly opposed the principle of limited liability which
was advocated in the report of the special committee.
He denied that he views there promulgated represented
the views of the merchants of Liverpool. They were
misrepresented. He was himself a comparatively young
man, but his opinions on this head were of a very an-
cient stamp; and if he stood alone he would do nothing
to weaken the bond between a man's legal and his moral
responsibility. He contended that the young man who
had a❑ aptitude for business, but without capital, who
were excluded from partnerships under the present law
of unlimited liability, were the very kind of young men
who had knocked the bottom out of many a flourishing
concern.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

DERBY RACES.—WEDNESDAY.
MA.TCH : 20 sovs. each, 5 ft. Two miles.
111 i J. Wade's Sars Rosello, late Nimble, 12st

Mr. CHAS. HOLLAND, who, in reply to Mr. M‘lver,
defended the committee from any party bias, said that,
with the exception of Mr. Brown, M.P., they were en-
tirely unanimous in favour of the principle of limited
liability. The one great principle which pervaded the
report was that propounded by Adam Smith and Sup-
ported by John Stuart Mill—that individuals were the
best judges of that which was for their own interest,
whether in regard to partnerships or anything else. I❑
order to correct a misapprehension, Mr. Holland stated
that the committee did not advocate a compulsory law.
All they wanted was to leave parties the option of re-
maining under the operation of the present law, or of
choosing a limited and mixed liability, analogous to that
in practice in most continental countries, and in the
United States. Mr. Holland denied that limited liabi-
lity would lead to a ruinous system of fictitious credit ;
contended that, under the existing system, fictitious
credit was very general, particularly in regard to banks ;
and reminded the meeting of the panics of 1837 and
1845, in which fictitious credit, under a law of limited
liability, caused such wide-spread ruin.
An irregular discussion ensued as to the' passage in
the general report which described the special report, it
being contended by Mr. M'lver and others that, as the
words stood, the chamber, in adopting the report, would
also sanction the principle of limited liability.
Ultimately it was resolved that the words " without
pronouncing any opinion on so important a question"
be inserted, and the report was then adopted, after re-
marks from other gentlemen present as to local business
and requirements.

LIVERPOOL SP]
ACCEPTANCES for the GRAN]
About four to:

ZING MEETING.
) NATIONAL STEEPLECHASE,
les. 62 subs.

Age st lb
Peter Simple a 12 0
Bo urton
Oscar
Miss Mowbray
The Colonel
Peter
Half-and-Half a 10 8
Abd-el-Kader a 10 6
Bedford (h b) a 10 4
Simple Peter 1 10 2
Victress ...... a 10 0
La Gazza Ladra... a 10 0
Tom of Tuam ... 6 10 0
Daphne ...... .. 6 10 0
Lady Arthur a 9 10
Maurice Daley
Maley a 9 10
Star of England a 9 10
Spring 6 9 10
Napoleon 11. 5 9 10
Maria Day a 9 10
Geraldus
Mountain Maid.., a 9 8,

Age st lb
Pride of the North a 9 8
Cockcrow
Kilquade
Labyrinth
Forest Lad a 9 6
Timothy a 9 6
The Dodger (h b) a 9 6
Calmar

Robin Hood
The Prince a 9 4
Squire of Malton a 9 4
Comeaway 6 9 4
Royalty
Crabbs
Little Charley
Old Rake
Trout
Luck's All a 9 0
Chester
g by Faugh-a-
Ballagh (h b) 6 9 0
Burnt Sienna a 8 12
Pony a 8 10

LINCOLN SPR
ACCEPTANCES for the GRAND STEEPLECHASE. Abou
four miles. 23 subs. The highest weight accepting
being lOst 71b it has been raised to list 51b, and the
rest in proportion.

:NG MEETING.

Thaaiks to the chairman and directors closed the pro
ceedings.

THE PRESTON STRIKE.-OPENING OF

Age st lb
Melon
Tulip 6 11 1
Carrig
Victress ......
Tomboy
Star of England a 10 5
Spring
Bruce
Cervus
Maid of the West
(h.b.) a 10 1
Robin Hood a 10 0
A letter received on Satu
the course stated that Mr.
scratched ; it appears, bowel
that there is a mistake some

Age st lb
Topsy a 912
Little Charley
Luck's-all a 912
Modesty
Mr. Bradshaw's

THE MILLS.

PRESTON, FEB. 8.
A great sensation was created in the town this after-
noon by the unexpected publication of a placard an-
nouncing, in the following terms, the opening of the
mills to-morrow :

bh. (h. b ) 6 912
Trout a 912
Strip me Naked
(h. b.) a 912
Maria Monk a 910
White Mouse (late
Pony)
irday last from the clerk of
Bradshaw's bay horse was
ver, by the above official list
;where.

" At a special meeting of the associated masters, held
at the Bull Hotel, Preston, on Wednesday, the Bth of
February, 1854, it was unanimously resolved that, in
consequence of the greatly increased disposition shown
by the operatives to resume work since the meeting of
the associated masters on- the 26th of January last, and
firmly believing that large numbers have been deterred
from openly manifesting a desire to free themselves
from their present leaders and to return to their re-
spective employment only by fear of ill-treatment and
of the loss of their present means of subsistence—
this meeting is of opinion that the time has at length
arrived when it is incumbent on the masters, in fulfil-
ment of the pledges repeatedly given by them, to re-
open their mills, in the hope of thereby bringing this
unfortunate and protracted dispute to an end, and of
rescuing the town and neighbourhood from that wide
spread and rapidly increasing distress from which they
are now unhappily suffering. Public notice, therefore,
is hereby hereby given, that the several mills of the as-
sociated masters will be re-opened, and will be prepared
for a resumption of work to-morrow (Thursday), at eight
o'clock in the morning, upon the terms and in accordance
with the resolution passed on the 4th of November last ;
and all persons desirous of obtaining employment may
depend upon constant work, and are reminded that the
masters are pledged, and are fully determined to protect
any improper interference or molestation.
them against
—By order of the Associated Masters. Feb. 8, 1854."
GIiEA.T MEETING OF THE UNEMPLOYED.
The operatives were called together in the Orchard,
at two o'clock this afternoon. There was a very large
attendance. After hearing several addresses, the mul-
titude pledged itself not to resume work without the
advance claimed. The meeting concluded with three
hearty cheers for the 10 per cent.

RACING FIXTI
FEBR
Lincoln Spring 14

RES FOR 1854.
lARY.

Nottingham Spring 2
CH.

MA'
Liverpool Spring 1
Doncaster Spring 7
Salisbury
Coventry Spring l4

Warwick Spring
Catterick
Northampton
Abergavenny

A.P.
Croxton Park 4
Epsom Sprine, 6
Cheltenham Spring 12
Newmarket Craven 17

AIL.
Catterick Bridge
Abergavenny
York Spring
Malton

MAY.
Newmarket F S
Chester Spring 9 Lewes l9
Lothians & Edinburgh...ll Bath 23
Newmarket S S 16 Liverpool Hunt Spring ..24
Shrewsbury lB Epsom 30
JUNE.
Manchester
I Ascot Heath... ........... 13 Stockbridge
Newcastle-on-Tyne ......20 Ludlow
Hampton 2l Winchester
Carlisle 26
JULY.
Newmarket 4 Stourbridge .
Worcester 4 Stamford
Lancaster ................. 6 Nottingham
Mansfield ll Goodwood...
Liverpool l2 I Ripon.
Ipswich 13
AID
Brighton . ......... 2
Brighton Club 4
Wolverhampton
Yarmouth 8
Reading
Odiham 9
North Staffordshire 9
Wolverhampton l4

- -29
,-.30

It was announced that another open-air meeting will
be held at nine to-morrow morning.

....17

ITALY.

:UST.
Eghatn
York ..
Hereford
Eccles .
Chelmsford
Derby ....
Plymouth .
Lincoln ....
MBER.
Bedford 19
Leicester 2O
Manchester Autumn 2l
Lanark
Newmarket F 0 28
Northallerton 2B
IBER.
Warwick Autumn 17
Caledonian Hunt 17
Newmarket H 23
Worcester Autumn 31
IBER.
Cowbridge Hunt 8

TURIN, FEB. 4.
The strong majority gained by the Ministry in
the recent elections has just borne its firstfruits in
the Senate. The bill regulating the conscription,
in which the clauses defining the privileges of the
clergy to exemption from military service were the
first cause of disagreement between the Ministry
and the Upper House, was passed yesterday by a
majority of 58 to 12. This result has been brought
about by a compromise, which satisfies the Liberal
opinion out of doors, and the now more manageable
prejudices of the Senate. It has been resolved
that exemptions from service shall only extend to
such of the candidates for holy orders as shall be
named by the bishops, on the average number of
the last ten years. This measure had become abso-
lutely necessary, as, in consequence of the exemp-
tion from the conscription enjoyed by the clergy,
the number of idle people crowding into the con-
vents, especially in the island of Sardinia, was out
of tall proportion to the spiritual wants of the
country. The proceedings of the Senate on this
occasion afford a reasonable expectation of greater
harmony in future between that body and the
Ministry.
As we were led to expect, poor Silvio Pellico has
gone to his last account. He expired peacefully,
and with Christian resignation, on the night of the
31st January. He was born at Saluzzo, in Pied-
mont, in 1788 ; but, on the completion of his
studies, removed to Milan, where he entered the
family of Count Luigi Porro, a gentleman well
known in England, in the capacity of tutor. He
there published the tragedy of Francesca da Ri-
mini ; and subsequently became editor of the first
Liberal paper in Italy, the Conciliatore. In Oct. MORETON BAY COTTON.—I am at last enabled to
1820, he was arrested, with many of the best men give, authentic so far as they go, some results of the
of Lombardy, on the suspicion of being a Carbo-
rom last season's cotton growing. Mr. Eldridge has sold
naro,
f a plantation of five acres, 2,0001b5. of cotton in
Spielband, as
erg. There he remained in confinement you know, was imprisoned in the
the seed, at 54d. per lb. The calculation is that 4 lbs.
Mr. will yield 1 lb. of cleaned. As much of
until 1830, When he returned to this country, and of
f. Eldridge's cotton was grown on land of a very in-
published the, account of his sufferings, 4g Le Mie
erior description, and a large quantity never gathered,
Prigioni," which provoked such universal sym- the above result'
pathy for him and his fellow-sufferers. Had the
although, cannot be considered by any means
unfavourable, unfortunately, there are no
Emperor Francis foreseen the wonderful effect pro- means of ascertaining the exact cost of production. I
duced by this work, poor Silvio Pellico would in all estimate the 'quantity grown in the district last season
probability have ended his days at Spielberg. His at from four to six tons of cotton in the seed, and from
Imperial Majesty used to evince the sense of the all that I can learn there is little prospect of the cultiva-
mistake by the bitterness with which he always men- tion being much extended during the present ; not be-
tionedhimas “quell'ipocritino." Sincehis liberation cause I think it would not pay, more or less, but be-
he never took any part in politics ; but in 1843 Gio- cause
.the more common agricultural productions, such
berti dedicated to him the first great work of the
as maize, the price of which here has now for same time
Italian movement "11 Primato." Great sweetness been 12s. per bushel, will hold out for the time greater
rather than energy was the distinguishing charge- inducements to farmers. Several extensive paddocks
teristic of Pellico's life. on the river are now undergoing preparation for culture ;
The contemptible Government of Tuscany is be-
but so far as I can learn not with cotton. A great
breadth of land has been planted with potatoes ; but
ginning to lose what little sense it had, in its alarm
unless moist weather soon sets in, the produce will be
at the prospect of the present European crisis. Its small.—Australian and New Zealand Gazette.
last act has been to expel Signor Piraino, a Sicilian [ADVERTISEMENTI—HoII's Oi
gentleman of property, and moderate opinions, certain remedies for Old Soresoway and tricersntment and Pills
.—Copy of a
who had taken refuge in Florence after the disaster letter from Mr. John Johnson, of Tregaron,H Wales
of 1849, and resided undisturbed until this time. dated December 19, 1853 :—"To Professor olloway.,
raduaflly broke out into ulcerous
On inquiring the grounds for his summary expul. Sir,—For twelve years I was affiifted with sores on nay
Sion, he was informed that he paid too frequent legs and armds,w
hichg
visits to Lord Minto, who, as you may know, is wounds,ie dutiesan disabled
oflife.lmetrierdom following any of the
spending the winter at Florence with his family, active v
p lied several liniments,a
.variety of medicines,
without belief t ; but a
but living in the most retired manner. It was well friend applied
me to use your ointment and pills,
known that all Lord Minto's movements were witi,li compl,:tt!y h, ,1A t!
waLehed by the 'Tuscan }Julio° ; • Luu i' a, on-, 1
" w-' '--1"-,,Y health, after evqry other u, •6,Api !, :k!,6 r ~,tor.. 3 1::e
Paeans had failed."—Sold by
expecte4 that drinking tea with him would be con- i all druggists, and at Professor Holloway's Establish-
into a crime against the State. J meat, 244, Strand, London.

SEPT.

Warwick
Lichfield
Western Meeting 7
Rochesterand Chatham 7
Doncaster 12
Pontefract 18

OCTI

Cheater Autumn 3
Yorkshire Union Hunt 5
Wrexham 5
Newmarket S 0 9
NOVE

Epsom Autumn -

STEEPLECHASES TO COME.
FEBRUARY.
Torquay l6 1 Carmarthenshire .

MARCH.
Liverpool (1) 1 I Birmingham
Beverley (1) 10

APRIL.
Liverpool Hunt Club } Che1tenham..............
(Hoylake) (2) 8 1 R oth bury .................
NOVEMBER.
Cowbridge Hunt g

...23
...24
...28
...29
...29

(A. Taylor) 1
Mr. F. Pepper's Queen of Diamonds, 12st (Archer) 2
The UNION HUNT STAKES of 5 sovs each, with 20
added, for hunters. Horses to take their ages from
May. Four years, list 61b ; five, 12st ; six and aged,
12st 41b. Certain penalties and allowances. Gentle-
men riders. Professionals, 71b extra. About one mile
and a half.

Mr. Fletcher's Escape, 5 yrs, 12st 21b (including 71b
extra)
(Tasker) 1
Mr. James King's na Newman Noggm, 5 yrs, list 61b

(Cap-t. Bonton) 2
Mr. Chore's May Day, aged, 12st 121 b (inclyuding
81b extra) (Mr. Merry) 3
Mr. Johnson na Louisa, 5 yrs, 12st ... (Mr. Dester) 4
The following also ran :—Melody and Miss Oakley.
MIDLAND STEEPLECHASE of 100 sovs, added to a handi-
cap of 15 sovs each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared. The
second horse to save his stake. Certain penalties for
winners. About three miles and a half. (19 subs., 5
of whom pay 5 sovs each.)
Mr. W. IVlosely's Trout, aged 9st 51b (carried Oct 71b)

(Tacker) 1
Mr. Choyce's Spring, 6 yrs, 10st (A. Taylor) 2
Mr. C. F. Boyce's Victress, aged, lOst ....(Boyce) 3
Mr. Barnett's Diana,
~aged, lOst 41b (including 51b
extra... (W. Archer) 4
The following also ran :—Needwood, Carrig, Star of
England, and Daphne.
SELLING STEEPLECIIISE of 25 sovs. added to a Han-
dicap of 5 sovs. each. 3 ft. Penalties for winners.
About 3 miles. 10 subs.

RO YAL INSTITUTION.

Mr. Bretherton's Blue Stockings, aged (201.)
9st 31b (D. Wynne) 1
Mr. Stratham's Jesuit aged (401) lOst ...W. Archer) 2
Mr. Blood's Slashing Painter (201.), lOst 101 b (in-
cluding 510 extra (S. Darling.) 0
THE HANDICAP HURDLE RACE of 5 sovs. each, with
30 added. The second to save his stake. Certain win-
ners extra. About two miles ; over six flights of hur-
dles. (15 subs.)
Mr. Evans's Teddesley, 4 yrs 9st 51b (Holman) 1
Mr. Harrison's John Bright, 4 yrs 9st 21b (E. Jones) 2
Mr. C. F. Boyce's Alp, aged, 10st 81b (Boyce) 3
The following also ran :—C by Drayton, Beresford,
Galileo, Luck's All, and Wee :Mickey.
THE SELLING HANDICAP HURDLE RACE was wen by
three lengths by John Bright, 4 yrs (201.), 9st (carried
9st 21b) (D. Wynne), beating Chatham (201.), lOst 51b
(W. Sharp), second ; Sars Roselle, 6 yrs: (801.), lOst
12 (T. Ablett) ; and Wee Mickey, aged (201.) 9st 31b
(Grubb.)
Owing to some obstruction on the line between Derby
and Leicester, the train which was due in London at
10.35 p.m., did not arrive until nearly 1 a.m.

On Friday evening Mr. Grove delivered a lecture
"On the Transmission of Electricity by Flame and
Gases." After noticing the variations of conducting
power in different substances, Mr. Grove explained that
the conduction of electricity through fluids is always
accompanied by decomposition ; one element of the fluid
being attracted to the positive and the other elenient
to the negative pole. This apparently necessary de-
composition on the transmission of electricity through
fluids is supposed also to occur during conduction
through gases, the molecules of which assume a
polar condition in the same manner as the
particles of fluids. The influence of flame in assisting
the transmission of voltaic electricity was illustrated by
several experiments, in which the flame of a spirit lamp
was introduced in a voltaic circuit, by means of which
the current passed through interruptions in the wire that
were sufficient to completely obstruct it without the
intervention of the flame. As flame consists of gas in
an incandescent state, Mr. Grove attributed the con-
ducting effect to the expansion of the gas by heat,
the molecules of the gases being thus rendered
more readily decomposible by the electrical agency.
To the same cause he attributed the Increased con-
ducting power given to air by rarefaction ; the con-
duction of electricity through a partial vacuum not
being caused, as generally supposed, by the removal of
the obstructing air, but by placing the molecules of the
faetiform fluid in a condition to be acted on by the elec-
tric force. There is an analogy between this view of the
modification of the conducting properties of air by heat
and that of acidulated water ; water itself being a very
imperfect conductor of electricity, but when its electrical
condition is modified by the addition of an acid it con-
ducts freely, and assists in generating the electricity it
transmits. The phenomena of thermoelectricity were ad-
duced by Mr. Grove, in support of his views of the transmis-
sion of electricity by flame; and he particularly adverted
to the fact that when two small plates of metal are held
in a flame, the one near the root of the flame, where
decomposition is commencing,' and the other near the
point of greatest heat, that a feeble electric current is
established from the hotter to the cooler plate. In the
body of the flame itself an electric current is also dis-
tinguishable, but as it passes in the opposite direction, it
thus neutralises and prevents the appreciation of the elec-
tricity generated by the heat in the two plates. Mr. Grove
said the idea suggested itself to him that the electri-
city excited by the chemical action of combustion in
flame might be made apparent by adopting means to
give a similar direction to the ordinarily opposing
currents. To do this he introduced a platinum cap-
sule containing water into the' top of the flame, so
as to render it cooler than the platinum plate near
the bottom ; and he had thus succeeded in developing
a current of electricity sufficient to defiedt a sensitive
galvanometre fifty or sixty degrees. An ingeniously,
devised apparatus for producing this effect was ex-
hibited. It consisted of a series of flames, each of
which was acted on by a blowpipe so as to give them
steadiness and definite forms. A platinum wire was
introduced over the lower part of the jets of flame and
the cooling metallic conductor near their apices, and by
this multiplication of the effect the needle of the galva-
nometre was sensibly deflected to the one side or the
other, in hceordance with the direction in which the
electric current was transmitted. The electricity thus
evolved was very feeble, but this mode of converting the
active chemical action of flame into an electric current
may serve to point the way to the development of a new
source, of electrical power that may prove eminently
useful.