The Sun.
London, England, 1838-09-27 00:00:00

THAMES-OFFICE.

- _
Yesterday Charles Dobson, a young man, who is very re-
spectably connected, was brought before Mr. GREZNWOOD,
for final examination, on a charge of embezzling the sum of
1041. 18s. 9d., the moneys of Mrs. Elizabeth Hoare, the
who finger, while in her employ as clerk.
The prisoner, by the advice of his solicitor, declined saying
anything, and was fully committed for trial.

UNION-.HALL
Yesterday Richard &litany, a wel-dressed man, was
brought before Mr. Swanav, charged with stealing a cloth
cloak and a linen shirt.—Committed.
An elderly man, a native of Cronstadt, in Russia, with his
clothes covered with mud, and other appearances of having
bee" engaged in a debauch the previous night, was charged
with being drunk and lying down-in the kennel of Blackman-
street.
A p3licenian stated that he picked the defendant out of the
kennel, lying in the mud, between twelve and one o'clock in
the morning, and that had any vehicle happened to pass that
side of the street it must have inevitably gone over him. Tho
policeman added that the defendant was so intoxicated at the
time that they were compelled to place him on a stretcher, and
convey him to the station-house.
Defendant—l am ashamed of myself; the policeman ought
to have horsewhipped me.
The Magistrate said that it wm a pity he had not con-
sidered the shame of getting drunk before he put it into
practice.
Defendant—l deserve to have bad the knout applied. I
admit it all for making such a beast of myself. Oh I (added
he emphatically) it was a pity that some of the carriages had
not rolled over meat the time, and broke some of my bones to
teach me nut to get drunk again.—(Laughter.)
The Magistrate said that there were slight hopes of a re
formation in his habits if it required such means to deter him
from indulging in drink. The fine of .5 s. was then inflicted
on the defendant.

On Tuesday night a meeting-, which had been convenedby
the Anti-Corn Law Association, for the purpose of hear;eg
Colonel Thompson deliver a lecture on the propriety of esta-
blishing free trade in corn, was held at the Mechanics' Insti-
tution, Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane.
The anxiety to hear the lecture was so great, that the
theatre of the Institution was densely thronged long before
the hour appointed for the commencement of the proceedings.
At half-past eight Colonel THOMPSON entered the theatre,
and amid much cheering proceeded to say, that they had met
together for the purpose of communicating their ideas on a
subject which was now attracting a considerable and increased
share of public attention. He meant that which was of the
utmost importance to all, the principle of free trade, and more
especially of a film trade in corn. He would proceed to lay
before them the views he had long entertained on the subject,
with perhaps something in addition which the circumstances
of the times had suggested to hire. He would commence with
the simplest statement of the case. He would ask them what
was the reason why they travelled in a steam-boat in prefe-
rence to dearer and more expensive modes of conveyance?
No doubt their answer would be, because it was cheaper and.
more convenient. But then the proprietors of those other
conveyances will say, that though it might be cheaper and
more convenient to the public to go by the steam-boats, it was
by no means se convenient to them that the public should
do so. Suppose a man should pay only 20s. for a steam
conveyance, whereas he would have to pay 30a. by a coach I
the coachman would say, that although such a man may save
thereby 10s., he (the coachman) would lose 10a. How is that
objection to be got over? Is it not clear that the man who saves
the lOs. will not throw it into the sea, but will lay it ont 011
some article of trade—some comfort or luxury which he may
want—so that the sum which the coachman loses in the case
will not be lost to the public ; while therre is the advantage that
tke man who makes the saving will travel more comfortably
and expeditiously, as well as cheaper.—( Cheers.) Suppose
the money so saved is taken to a tobacconist to purchase luxury
for the nose, is not it as good for trade that the tobacconist
should have it as the coachman ? Was it not clear to them
that this made a complete balance, and an answer to any
complaint on the score of general injury to trade? Was
that a good reason or not? Did it, or did it riot, show
that it was prudent, politic, and right for every man to go
to the cheapest source from which his wants could be sup-
plied.—( Cheers.) Not to do so, not to act on that rule,
would be to do away with all the improvement which in-
creased knowledge had effected in society.—(Cheers.) If he
had in any degree established that position, he would go a step
further in the process of illustration. Ile would suppose that the
owner of the steam-boats plying on our British rivers, was a
Frenchman—that steam-boats had been a French invention—
a French patent—and that the 20s. were to go to a French-
man—would that make it unadviseable to go by the cheap
conveyance even though it belonged V a Frenchman?
Would not the 20s. go for British goods Of some kind to pay
the Frenchman—would not Manchester or Birmingham, or
some other town furnish the Frenchman with goods to the
amount of 20s. ? It would be then, sifter all, no more than a
transfer of advantages, which could make no injury to com-
merce in the aggregate. It might, undoubtedly, be more con-
venient to the English coachman that they should travel in
his vehicle ; but when they went to purchase shoes they did
not go to a dear shoemaker, because it might be more con-
venient to such shoemaker that they should be purchased
from him than from the cheaper one on the other side of
the way.—( Laughter.) Suppose again, the instance of the
trade in English gloves—for it was clear he was going to
gain upon his audience by one step at a time. Undoubtedly,
it was inconvenient to the English glover that the trade
should be taken from him, but that was not a reason
why the public should be forced to avoid the cheaper mar-
ket. The 2s. which may be paid to the French glover will be
expended in some article of trade, which the Frenchmen
will take from this country. The Birmingham man or the
Manchester man will be benefited by some article of manu-
facture which he will have to prepare. At the same time,
the is. that will be saved in the purchase of the French
gloves will be applied to some other use, and give the
consumer something instead of nothing in return. Thus
he thought he had established the great principle—that
free trade is not injurious, because to the rest of trade there
is a balance in the aggregate ; while to that particular class
of traders who trade that they may consume—( Cheers)_
there was a galls to the precise amount of having something
for the difference of price, instead of nothing. There was still
another objection to be considered. Suppose some per-
sons were to say, " You arc destroying our breed of horses ;
of what importance is a good supply of horses to a great mili-
tary nation like Great Britain l"—( Hear.) The answer is,
that no wise man rears horses for more than they are worth.
If we gave up the advantage of steam conveyance for the sake
of encouraging the breed of horses, we should not only pay
the natural price of the horses, but we should also be paying
an additional price, equal to the advantage which we should
forego by giving up steam conveyance. They had all heard of
the Navigation Laws which had been abrogated after so much
difficulty and loss of time. These were supported for the purpose
of buying sailors for more than they were worth. We were to
bear the burden •f a dear commerce in place of a cheap, on
pretence of increasing the breed of the sailor animal.--
( Laughter.) It was a wonder we had never heard of a pro-
position for Horse navigation-laws.—( Loud laughter.) He
thought it quite fair to run one absurdity against another, for
the purpose, if possiblo, of kedeking out the brains of both.
But we might take a still simpler instance of the operation of
free trade. Suppose a wood-cutter were to say, " You
have paid me two shillings a day for cutting wood, but I wish
that you would allow me to cut it with a blunt axe, so that I
may be at work on the same quantity three days in place of
two." The master would naturally reply that he preferred to
keep the money himself, and procure himself some comfort
or luxury by its expenditure. But why were the industrious
classes to he cut off from the general benefit of foreign com-
merce ? They might not be great consumers ; but all of them
were some. He would take the case of the poorest mechanic within
hearing ; did he use no foreign goods himself or in his family ?
Where was the wife who had not by her some bit of foreign
produce? All were interested in letting nothing more than was
necessary he taken from the consumer. (Cheers.) But
the operative classes might say, " Would it not be a fine thing
if we had each a protection in turn." Now, could that be any
more than agreeing to injure one another turn and turn about?
—( Laughter.) Suppose one class of artisans were to have the
privilege of taking toll from all persons passing Charing-cross
during a day, and suppose it came to every other class in turn,
what would that amount to—(Laughter and cheers)—but the
old story of the monkeys that fed out of one another's pans,
and thought they were doubling the suppers of the whole ?
( Much laughter.) But it was objected that the foreigner
would not be paid in goods, he would have money. And
what then? Suppose the foreigner would take nothing in pay-
ment but Turkish coffee, in what way would that injure us?
Would there be any consequence except a greater import of
Tut kish coffee in exact proportion to the export contem-
plated? And suppose, instead of Turkish coffee, the foreigner
would take nothing but money. What is money ? It is no
longer thought to be a magical power, a talisman which forces
one man to labour for another; money is valuable be-
cause it is made of metals which have always been coveted by
mankind for various reasons—their scarcity, and the conse-
quent fact that they are evidences of wealth ; besides which,
they really have advantages in beauty and conrenience, in evi-
dence of which, why did every mechanic present get silver tea-
spoons instead of pewter, as fast as bad law-makers would leave
him the ability ?—( Cheers. ) Those metals, then, being valu-
able in themselves, when formed into small pieces and stamped,
made the most convenient medium of exchange known among
mankind. There was no expense in stamping but what every body
was willing enough to pay. It was only like what their old friend
Mr. Hunt did, when he put his stamp upon his British black-
ing ; they all paid him cheerfully enough for that.--( Laugh-
ter.) But it was said if they paid in money, it would reduce
the circulating medium. So it would ; but by the very act
it would create a demand for an immediate import of gold and
silver to the same amount from the countries were these things
grow, for which there must be payment in English goods. The
gold and silver coins would rise in value, which would create
the demand, the interest, for making more; just as in the op-
posite case, we had experience enough that if by the addition
of paper or otherwise, the circulating medium was increased,
sovereigns would go the melting pot—(A laugh)—and why
should they not ? Dishonest Governments had tried to hinder
it; but with the help of heaven and honest Jesee, he hoped
they would always be disappointed.—( Loud laughter.) He
hoped so, because there was no use in letting Governments be-
lieve they succeeded in one foolery ; it was only encouraging
them to try another. He did not say that every 101. going
out to the Continent was to be visibly answered by goods going
out to South America to that amount ; that was like expect-
ing to find the effect in China of every bucket of water thrown
in at London.bridge ; but it was equally certain the level must
be preserved. There was another objection which had been
urged from highly respected friends ; they had asked, could
not the system of free trade be applied to all the various
trades in turn, with the effect of ultimately depressing wages
in all ? To that he would answer, that there appeared to be
one point omitted, which was, that where it depressed wages
in one part of the community, it necessarily increased them
in another.---( Cheers.) This seemed to be the missing
portion of the argument. The question was further connected
with another subject indirectly, which had created great heart-
burnings, namely, the subject of machinery. He believed thzt
people had by this time learnt, that machinery they could not,
and would not prevent ; and he hoped that others would soon
be equally convinced, that free trade they could not, and
would not prevent. By the introduction of machinery
articles for consumption were rendered cheaper. At one
time, there was a great outcry against the threshing machine.
By that machine the price of threshing corn was diminished,
and who had the benefit of that? The cater of bread.--
(Cheers)—and what lie saved by it he expended on some
other trader, and at the same time hash something in return.
Putting all things together then, it emerged as the final result, t
that machinery, like free trade, was the cause of no loss to
trade in general, but the cause of great gain to the traders who

'went by the name of the consumers. He now came to a pot*
which presented itself, to him ht least, under somewhat of it
novel aspect, and that was, that after calculating the commercial
leases from prohibiting the introduction of a certain article..
there might be another long account of national mischief.
arising out of the reels° nature of the commodityyrohibited..
For instance, if the Veda put down was in sticking-plaster,
there would arise a loss to commerce, but there would be no
great outcry of national suffering besides, because they could
all do tolerably well without sticking-plaster.—(Cheers.)
Let it, again, be the trade in foreign witte; no doubt that would
be a great loss to commerce ; it would cat down some men's
luxuries and others' comforts ; but wives and children would
not go wailing about the streets besides, because they were cut
down from Port to Elder-berry and to ale. But if the Govern-
ment chose to prohibit the introduction of the real necessaries
of life, then the mischief might be something incalculably
different.—(Cheers.) Corn was the staff of life of every
man, but more particularly of that man whose poverty
prevented him from obtaining much to eat besides.—(Chem s. )
Would he, therefore, be blamed for saying, he would leas e
conlMerciai men to cast up their losses at their leisure, and
enter now upon the additional miseries which are created by
keeping food from the working population—( Cheers)—or„
which was the sante tilling, putting a small loaf into the hands
of the man who wanted large one.—(Cheers.) He would
at once put a case which in his opinion would be illustrative
of the evils under which they laboured. Suppose, for in-
stance, that Manchester were to be inclosed with walls of
brass, and that it was proposed to ,keep out all corn except
such as was grown by the residents wi,:hin the walls, in gar-
dens and in flower-pots.—(Hear, and laujhter.) It was an
scope was exag-
exaggerated supposition, to be sure ; a mien..
geration, and they used it as they did a inicr:scoPe, for the
purpose of seeing the evils that existed.—( i..:sear, hear.)
Would any of the working classes stand up and ree'lY, that
the propr!etors of the flower-pots would be greatly en.,iched
thereby, and that the riches thus acquired would be diftn.ced
through every grade of the community ?—(Cheers.) Tha'
was the system which their opponents had advanced. They
argued, that if the manufacturers gave thirty shillings for the
s tine quantity of corn instead of twenty, the landlords with
that would be able to buy three yaids of cloth of them instead
of two.—( Hear, hear.) Tell it not in Birmingham, name it not
in Manchester, that such an argument bed been employed.—
( Cheers.) He was a landlord himself—a little one—but
he could not find in his heart to present himself to them with
such an argument.—( Cheers.) There was no end of going
over all the possible fallacies; but as a summary
prescrip-
tion, he would advise them, whenever they were hard pressed
on any point, to try it on the case of walled-up Manchester;
and there would be no great hazard in the conclusion, that what
was true in one latitude and longitude, was true in anotLer.—
( Hear, bear.) And now he would eater on the peculiar eton-
sequences of fixing' a prohibition upon food.—(Hear, hear.)
The greatest improvern!•nt that had been made in the science
of National Economy, during what might be called the time of
the present generation, was ...fleeted by the discovery of
Malthus on the subject of popui.:tion, who although he had
written things which might be wrested to the wrong,
had propounded doctrines which never bad been confuted.
He it was that first pointed out the gr's:at fact, that men
could not live without food—(A laugh)—for alter all, that
was very nearly the sum and substance of what h: had ad-
vanced ; but he had omitted one very important the: g, viz.,
the practical means which should be taken to increa.,e the
quantity.—(Hear, hear.) He bad shown, that in a new
country little difficulty was experienced by the increase of
mouths. Adam Smith had stated that in the North Ame-
rican Colonies as they then existed, a widow with a family
of small children was courted as a sort of fortune ; and all of
us knew, how yery far this was from being the case in our time
and neighbourhood.—( Hear, and a laugh.) But in America
this was not only probai,:e7 but true ; because when they grew
up they became able by the:" labour to repay their previous.
rearing. In a new country an increase of hands produced an
increase of food ; but it was not possi6l,e that in as old coun-
try, hands could be made to produce food is the same propor-
tion. We lacked food here, sot for the want of hands, but
because they could not be employed so as to produce as much
food as they themselves must consume during the process ; it
was plain that to set a man to grow a bushel of corn, if he
must cat two bushels during the process, was a lame kind of
operation. Their only remedy then, was to have the oppor-
tunity of obtaining more corn from newer countries by
commerce, or be reduced to the alternative of sub-
mitting to more fasting at home.—(" Hear," and cheers. )
It was never meant by Providence, that its goodness should
be intercepted by legislative enactments ; he trusted, there-
fore, that the people would never cease from the exertion of
such legislative power as they had,—and if they had not
enough—get more.—( Great cheering.) Malthus had further.
shown by what means population was kept down to the le eel
of food. In the richer classes, the effect was to a great ex-
tent produced by the dread which all people had of descend-
ing from the station to which they had been accustomed; and
in the poorer, by the dread of actual want of food. But sup-
posing that population still went on—what was the result
then? Malthus had said, it must be cut down by two causes,
Misery, and Vice, which was itself a cause of misery and was
created by it in turn. By these two causes then they must
be killed off; and killed off they were—did not we see it
every day ?—(llear.) Did we not see the police going
about the streets—necessarily, perhaps, so far as that only
was concerned—driving wretched creatures into a corner to
die quietly, and not trouble the richer public with their suf-
ferings.—(Hear.) There had been another objection to
foreign corn, which was, that if it was let in, we should soon
populate up to it. Why was not that argument extended to
our dinners? What we intended was, to have another din-
ner to-morrow, and the day after that. And in the same
manner with respect to corn, when we had peopled up to
what we had, he trusted we should be able to know where
to look for more. But if men are ever to gaits this liberty,
they must look for it by their own exertions, and the use of
such means as were effective in other cases where crime was
to be depressed. For his part he had made up his mind--and
he should like to make the statement in another place than
this—(Cheers)—never to be art or part in any measrire
for the removal of the Corn-laws, which did not include,
after a gradual reduction of the tax on foreign corn,
home-grown
imposition of an equal tax by the same degrees on
corn, to be continued for twenty-one years, unless
t
landlords chose to redeem it by an equivalent tax on rent.
—(Cheers.) It was only by punishment keing held out,
ac rni
amt
ieosn,
?u_li tHwouldh
ebaer theT ideeysehratds
oefftetnhohseearwd hoof
for smaller
crime was ever stopped; and if punishment was inflicted
had.)
stary ed
" indemnity for the past, and security for the future ;" and
when the people were strong enough—as soon they would
be—to obtain " security for the future," he hoped they would
not forget to add " indemnity for the past " such as the case
was cipable of. And if they would look abroad, they would
see that now was the accepted time.—(Cheers.) There was
a great power rising in the political horizon—one of the
phenomena whirls heaven had decreed should hold a distin-
guished place in human history. Those who had the muscle,
had got the know ledge.—(Cheers. ) Why should they be
led like oxen to the slaughter, when they had ceased to have
the ox's senselessness ?—( Cheers.) The masses were
moving to demand admission to their share of legislative
power—and why ? Because here—here—theyhad the evidence,
that men without their share of legislative power are slaves,
and sure to be oppressed.—(Cheers.) Instead of there
being opposition between the two questions, there was union ;

the Kant Suffrage, and the Corn-laws, were two weights
both dragging the same way. He hoped the numerous
classes would never relax in their exertions till they bad
carried them both.—(Cheers.) If the people went on firmly
they must succeed.( Continued cheering.) What tribula-
tions they might pass through, it was not for him to foretell;
but there never was an uprising of the mases in any nation
like what was occurring now, which did not succeed in the
end.—( Great cheering ) How much mischief took place
during the operation, was at the choice of the opposing side.
Cheers.) It was no slight thing they were struggling for;
they were contending for the powcr of being happy here,
and, so far as one might be dependent on the other, hereafter.
It did surprise him much, to see the view which men of

name and fame, high professors, great sticklers for religion
and morality, had taken upon this question, with all its ,
bearings on the morals of the classes to be starved, and more

than ;11, the monster immorality of war. For instance,
there was a man who in one way had undoubtedly secured the
name of great,—one to whom humanity was decidedly in debt,—.
but whose biographers had done more to renew the example of
naughty Ham, than could be parallelled since the first accident.
—(Laughter.) Of this man it had been announced, that he
found it written,—" Provide things honest in the sight of all
men," and therefore went and voted for the Corn-laws.--
(Great laughter.) What a glorious text for aborder chaplain,
when the last hough was in the pot, and the spurs were laid
on the chieftain's table as a sign it was time to be pricking
f„rth to fill thetlarder.—( Laughter.) Such are the " falls of
the strong and follies of the wise." But there was another
reason why the present was the time. Did they not see
the*, setting aside the rising power be had mentioned,
the othcr great parties in the State were at a balance
among themselves ? ( Cheers.) Was there anything unrea-
sonable in expecting that, acting on the same principle which
makes a sea captain desire to command a first-rate instead of a
fifth or sixth, the great leader who gave Catholic Emancipation
—that mighty stride in religious civilization—( Cheers)—might
prefer being the minister of a great State rather than a little
one, and open his eyes to the policy of being the instrument
of another liberation ?—( Cheers.) Does this hold out no
prospect ; does it act as no spur upon the other side? Has
either side been without its faults ?—( Hear)—and is there,
perhaps, much to choose ?—( Cheers. ) However that mey
be, between two—thieves Sir Francis Burdett called them—
( Much laughter)—honest men hare a right t
they can to come by their own.—( Laughter.)
ne one, we want only the common right of all men.—
foot upon the linepeople,(Cheers.) The people, then, will set the
story, as to who
i.r f
which justice draws, and all history is in, one_%l doe w
o theu,d bestrob
down, amidst great
cwhi
eli‘leifirri.nnagsl
.lAy)uP: cpovrai Ip.
o—s
ed(T h e Lecturer
an
exprtehat he would soon again be a
from Parliament, and a hope
turer, accompanied by a vote osfsiothnaorifk
rsegtoretthaet Gallanth
ig exeluLseiocn-
Member of that assembly..
wilnedfiieed
itlhiceeting. compliment.
it was
present, and the meeting sepa-
rated responded
tt
o'clock.
Three Colonel
cheers T Pn
stg:hNbe bye rniacflaYl l :de I'f
no
rated a little after ten

, 1
UTILITY OF BABOONS.—Baboons are the best
watchmen for lions ; and if the king of beasts comes near them
at night, they set up such a clamour that he is fain to retire ;
ao that the safest place for a b,mighted traveller to sleep, is
under the rock which the baboons frequent. Though even
there, if the baboons are spitefully inclined, he may be between
" the devil and the deep sea."—Sir Jaws Alexander's Expe-
dition of Discovery into Africa,

T' THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS

OF ENGLAND.

---.-----
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