The Sun.
London, England, 1854-08-29 00:00:00

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

"This place fills up an hiatus which the Crystal Pa!ace leaves
wanting. Vocal and instrumcntal in,isic of the first order, and a
iiisplay of fireworks which exceeds all imagination, are a fitting
:lose to a day at the Crystal Pala:e."

DANSON'S COLOS,•AL PANORAMA of CHUSAN.
Splendid ond:Extenstve Menagerie and Marine Aquariam—Unri-
Tailed Military iland.

'VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT,•
in whiclf) jtiisY Poo!e. Misi Ransford, and Mr. Manvers sing
several National and Patriotic Songs—All the Amusing Novelties
of the Gardens in succession, concluding with the " Feast of Lan-
terns," and a most mtgnificent display of Fireworks by Sonthby.
Admission One Shilling. A splendid Pavilion for Dancing has been
erected. Fall Quadrille Band, &c.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPRITFIRATag.

Lessee and Manager, Mr. *llllam Cooke.

GREAT SUCCESS of the NEW. EQUESTRIAN BURLESQUE.
THIS EVENING,
2nd Time, an entirely new Burlesque of Equestrian character, by
' Arco VAMP, Esq., called
THE SIEGE 'OP TROY ; or, THE 3.1145-JUDG3SENT of PARIS.
After HERB CHRISTOFP (l'Enmereur des Ennarn`mles)
on the Tight Rope, with the (until now) unattempted miraculous
.eat of throwinga.SuinaiersauP4 and alighting on the rope on his
itetl! . .

• ' u );11
The um que'aml elegant SCENES In the ARENA, th invention,
arran;ement, and u 'der the direction of Hr. William Coolie.
To conclude with Mrs S. l fleaiey's Equestrian Ballet d'Action
THE KNLGLI r AND THE', WA lER LILY; or, Love among the
Mermaids. ' .

Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. u

4114E1, WATER. AT TAKDON EMT!), s"-
TM. DAY —44Qminc 8 min.:titer 5 Evening 27 inindirt. 5
o-MORRow l'ilerniDg 45 min.tqter 5 1 Evening 4 nr.v..,.z.n. 6

• 111 Z VikAtlll3ll.—Suti °mos, AUG. 29.
THEBMOIKETICH, IN THE
78—highest since noon yesterday.
62 —lowest this morning and during the night.
73—this day at noon.

BARoxzTr.u, 30.56.
WIND, morning N., noon S.W.—Light breeze, with
glorious harvest weather.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We will notice, fur per, the communication of "A
Patient Observer " after the furnace he mentions has
been examined by a competent person for us.

-;e'~'.7i'~i

-
113 („: _ _

~~

LI)NDON, TUESDAr, AUGUST 29, 1854,

The great object of the AUTOCRAT and his
abettors is to obtain, at any sacrifice of truth and
honour, a renewal of negotiations. For this pur-
pose every effort will be made and the most specious
pretexts resorted to. We accordingly hear signi-
ficant rumours of a renewal of the Vienna confer-
ence, arid. that Prussia will lake part in the pro-
ceedings. This is held out as a great inducement
to those who have already suffered so much from
the vacillation, and wavering, and undecided policy
of the German Powers. France and England will
not, however, again be easily humbugged. They'
have seen the mischief occasioned by diplomatic
hair-splitting the encouragement afforded to
the aggressor by the notion that the 'discussions
were taking place not on what he should forfeit,
or the securities which he should give in conse-
quence of his unconscientious attack, but as to
what further concessions should be made by the
deely-injured Moslem ; although these con-
ferences were managed on the assumption that it
was the SULTAN who should be prepared to sacri-
fice a portion of his independence, and not the
CZAR who should give adequate security to keep
the peace towards hiAdeeplyainjured neighbour.
No further discussions can, therefore, be car-
ried on, save at the cannon-mouth or bayonet
point. :NICHOLAS will be much better prepared to
enter into an equitable and perinanent peace when
its terms are discussed at Cronstadt or Sebastopol.
Then we shall be enabled to dictate the various
provisions, and he must, perforce, content
himself with the conditions which his conquerors
may be pleased to enunciate. At Vienna he will
still praCtise. every species of deceit and trickery,
and strive, by quibbling and special pleading, to
retain some portion of the privileges which he
extorted at various times before he had forfeited
the prestige previously attached to his name. He
is now, however, a convicted disturber of the
peace-L-a would-be robber. His seeming lno-
deration has been unmasked, and he stands
barefaced -before the world. The war which
he rendered indispensable by his infamous in- '
vasion has abrogated all former treaties. He
has no longer the slightest pretension to a pro-
tectorate over any :portion° of the Turkish
dominions, or any body of the SULTAN'S subjects.
We must now deal with the various questions as
if no such claims had 'ever existed ; and, as
Nienoaas has occasioned all the disturbance, he
must not feel surprised if' his wishes are disre-
garded„ aid that those who were unwillingly com-
relied to take up arms should not sheath 1
their swords until they have placed the rights !
and privileges of their ancient ally on a substan-
tial foundation and obtained satisfactory security !
—or, to use the language of the AUTOCRAT,
" material guaranteeenOve "thank thee, Jew,
for teaching us that word") for the permanent and
lasting. tranquillity of Europe.
It is already asserted'thatf,tim.Odificat ions de- !
manded, -by Prince Ciorson.Az or.i. (the Minister,
and no .the. General) are--
" no futliffsl denimidSliiiall be made
by the';Weatern -Powers either for territorial,S pecuniary or
acrifices On the pa=t ot,Russia.
" shallvarticipate in the pro-
tectorate ever- the, Prin 'ties, and that no
changwiliallbe made in the position
and
,privi-
leges °C. a*. b4eek. tia.-na in Turkey."
Now, :tHeSe Stipulations are clesrl• dmissible
They cannot; fact, ene Y
for in be t rtained a single
ina
moment. If they were so, they would allow
NICHOtA and his congenial :friends, Dr. OOrr-
MAN.OPPortunity for the
mid JOHN MITCHm;,: as
most unblushing mendacity,. ;,inclallOW the former
an opportunity of again,, ;the
when he saw a more faVOUrable•opport*a_Y,
and
encouraging him to do so by 'the practioalim.u.
:. pity perTnitted to his past
,„..
If these crimes.
propositions were at all 'listened
they would preclude the Allies from obtaining the
most trivial iedembity for the expenses of the War ;
Turkey, France, and England must bear the heavy
outlay to which they have been subjected, without
seeking either a return of the money they have
been compelled to expend, or any species of equi-
valent.' Con!d this be termed an " honourable"•
coneluvon of the war ? We fear no On the con-
trary, it seems to us that it would be not,. On
so much the
other way, that it would only invite to future ag-
gression, and to even heavier demands on our re-
sources another time. If he maintained his
fleets at Sebastopol, his establishments at the
mouth of the Danube—if the Euxine still re-
mainect mare c/ausum, and that there was any
shadow. of . a protectorate over either the Princi-
palitiesor the memberaof the Orthodox Church,
an excuse wtiuld never be wanting for new diffi-
Galtiesaand disturbaaces. The CZAR would tar-
' tare ticen... , te„t innocent acts into
_already shown his
lata‘t
var,t3.
powers,rn
I..terefor —aa4l
easily credit from experience what more he may

be disposed to do at some future period. Of this
we feel convinced, that no peace can be really
beneficial unless the treaty be signed at Sebas-
topol, with the Crimea in the possession of the
Allies.

Long ago we ventured to hope that a bountiful
harvest w.onla Trovide us with the sinews of war.
That hope is now in great part realised. Yester-
day's fall of Bs. or 10s. per quarter, with its in-
fluence on the Money Market, niust baie a power-
ful effect in many directions. This reduction
alone, if the millers and bakers give us the corres-
ponding reduction in the prices of bread and flour,
would, at theordinary reckoning of family consump-
tion, much more than pay the additional taxation
of 10,000;000/. caused by the war. Computing
that taxation at seven shillings per head, we ought
on the average to be able to pay it some five or
six times over in the lowered price of the quartern
loaf. But of course it does not stop there ; the
Bears are destined to suffer their deserts. Stocks
will go up, as they have already begun to do, with
a good harvest. As a necessary consequence,
neither the Bank, nor the banks, can maintain
the present rate of interest ; money will be easier,
trade will be yet brisker, the working classes will
be better employed, their wages go further, and
England will pay her ten millions per annum
till she and her ally have taught the bankrupt
barbarian his proper place.
Not only from every part of England, but from
the Continent and America, the accounts are
equally cheering. The Continent appears to be
more likely to export than to need further sup-
plies ; and at home, as the corn is housed or
threshed, we hear from every quarter the most
gratifying accounts both of quantity and quality.
Not only from the ordinary sources of informa-
tion, but from plain honest farmers themselves,
in the south-eastern counties, we have heard
almost incredible accounts of both the yield and
quality. One farmer assured us that on land
where last year the wheat was given to his pigs as
it stood, he has this year had the best crop he ever
grew, and that the weight was 6olbs. per bushel,
though he never previously exceeded 631bs. Simi-
lar, if not quite so remarkable, accounts reach us
from the west and the north too. The crops in
Monmouthshire and Herefordshire especially,
and indeed in most of the midland western
counties, are represented as splendid. In the
ordinary course of things, such harvest prospects
would gladden all our hearts, and dispose us to
gratitude to the Giver of all Good ; but at tl.
present time, when the nation, from a sense of
duty,' was ready to incur great sacrifices at a time
of high prices, the present prospects may be
almost regarded as a special mercy. It is, at
least, 'the very ono which makes the onerous duty
of repressing the great oppressor of Europe sit
much lighter on our shoulders ; and we, there-
fore, owe double thanks to a kind PROVIDENCE,
as well as lie under increased obligations to do
our work thoroughly.

To Russia her,elf a good harvest will, of course,
be a benefit, as well as to other nations ; but she
was not likely to be in want of corn, and its chief
be::efit, that of selling it, and of getting some
ready cash for her needy taxpayers, her impove-
rished nobles, and, her empty treasury, is now
quite unattainable. Russian trade is utterly at an
end, except through faithless and servile Prussia,
and it is to be hoped that aiding Russian poverty-
through Prussian ports will not long be tolerated.
It will never do to go on enriching the mean
monarch of Perlin by giving him a broker's com-
mission on Russian produce obtained through his
d)rninions, and at the same time contributing to
the chief enemy's treasury by permitting him a
somewhat roundabout commerce. When this
Russo4'russian commerce with England and
Europe is stopped, Russia may have her crops
indeed, and her poor peasants and soldiers may
get a, little better bread, but money, her great
want, she will no longer get. She will want,
therefore, the great means of moving, as well as
raising and equipping, troops for modern warfare;
indeed, driven back into her own territories, she
can no longer go on plundering the peasants as
she did in the unfortunate provinces. She must
pay her own serfs in some way ; it will doubtless
be, as in the Hungarian invasion, by treasury
paper, to be afterwards received in payment of
taxes ; but this, of course, will only still further
embarrass her when she comes to receive her own
worthless paper, instead of money, a few months
hence. A good harvest will do little to help
Russia out of debt while the war continues and
her commerce is annihilated, and sh% will have
the mortification of seeing England pay her way
as we proceed, and our trade as active as if the
CZAR and we were at profound peace.

What is a traveller ? By what e7idence is the
assertion that a party is's/Eh/ma fide traveller to be
sustained ? These questions have recently as-
sumed immense impeirtance, in consequence of the
,New Beer Law, and it is essential that satisfac-
tory answers should be returned, with the least
possible delay.: Nothing could be more unfair to_
a numerous and respectable body of persons, scat-
tered throughout the entire country, than to leave
them ;exposoi to pains 'and penalties, in conse-
quence of being kept in ignorance on these impor-
tant points. It is said that every citizen is bound
to know 'the provisions of the law, more especially
those relating to his trade or calling. It may be
so, but, at the' same time, that law should be clear
and unequivocal, so that " he who runs May,
read," and that every one may distinctly learn
what be in bound to do, and what to avoid.
Now we find licensed victuallers appealing to
the police authorities for information, and that
information withheld. However injurious to their
interests, and vexatious in its application, they
wish to respect the law, and to avoid any infringe-
ment 'a- its provisions. But
.they -cannot ascer-
tain what it zeally is until (they- appear as defend-
ants at the bar of a Police Court, and not only
pay *the costs of their own defence, but have to
encounter the risk of heavy penalties, and the
odiuM of being regarded as violaters of the law.
They must not only submit to very stringent re-
strictions, but must bear the heavy expense and
serious inconTenience of having precedents estab.
lii3hed that may serve to guide the trade from the
morass' in which they have been plunged through
...
hasty and improvident legislation.
~
Casesuttave already been,decided bearing on the
points above referred.to, 'and some magistrates at
Gravesend have very judiciously and properly
stated their views of the law, so as to enable the
licensed victuallers of the vicinity to determine
how they are to act, and also to prevent them'
from being harassed by vexatious proceedings.
In_ every one of these cases the statute has re-
ceived a liberal interpretation, and the summonses
were dismissed by the presiding Magistrates. It
is right that these decisions should be made gene-
rally known, inasmuch as they may serve as use-
ful Precedents to other Justices. In the last of
these cases the matter was more fully gone into,
and the second point respecting the necessary
evidence for the defence received a decision • we
shall, therefore, refer to that, as the clearest 'and
most satisfactory of any of the cases yet brought
before the
public.
Mr. Luce, tho proprietor of the .
Hotel, Hampton-court, King's Arms
-was yesterday summoned
before the IVlagistrates for th
sex at the Special
defendant w Sessions
e county of Middle-
aa at Hampton. The
charged 'with a breach of the
recent statute in haviiiing several persons refreshing
themselves at his
ft_hpeastprtohwiobitentia
hours, that is to re, ay°, usheetwdeuenrinhgal
six o'clock
,pm., en Sunday, the 20th ir t.i- --
The Learned Gentleev-An, who so ably co
nducted
these defence, -willing.
g.ty admitted the, ' :sty
facts, that
donduated
moment after after the,
these persons had obtained ref
hour for closinf:i,
that they' werr, •
such to Arr.. IiUCE,
but justified •
44 travellers "
i. on the ground
who 'under the law-
and had applied as
land, was 'ocund to re'i;eive them. - of the
. Ile also showed
that a nr.,tice had been publicly exhibited directing
attentifin to the restrictive enactments, and that a
book • xis .kept in which every person admitted to
the louse affixed his name and address to a State-
ree_fe' 4!-Jr!"-'1' s"t'.• ' - :' 1.- . 4:7, 1,: . !,, Vtd it3r. •
. Front titis ivok it appeared t—a.. ... A f. il lesu persons
'had, come from various distances—from Gralil
10 Cairo; from Canada, from Glasgow, and from

London—the nearest of any having " travelled"
a distance of fourteen miles to the place where he
required to be supplied with refreshment.
Under these circumstances it was decided by a
majority of the Justices that the parties were
travellers ; and, se3ondly, that the book con-
taining the statement to that effect, and their
names and addresses should be received: as
prime/ facie evidence thereof. The summons
was therefore dismissed, to the great delight of the
audience, who manifested the intense interest
they took in the proceedings. This very impor-
tant decision, which will probably for some time
at least be regarded as the " leading case" on the
subject was clearly correct in every particular,
both as to what constitutes a traveller, and the evi-
dence necessary to sustain it. We must not for-
get that it is a "penal" statute, and, therefore,
it must receive a liberal interpretation, there
being no " presumption" or intendment in its
favour. No inquiry can be made as to the cause
of the travelling, whether it be for the purpose of
business or of pleasure. It would be absurd to
say that the gentlemen who had come from Cairo,
Canada, or Scotland should be bound to show
that they were engaged in commercial pursuits,
and not of amusement or information. Few per-.
sons would be willing to submit to the cross exa-
mination of an inquisitive landlord, or to set forth
his occupation and pursuits before he could obtain
the dinner and wine which he required. All that
is necessary to satisfy the Act is, that the party
should be so far distant from his own domicile as
to be unable there to obtain meat or drink.
Now, who shall define the exact distance that the
faint and weary man must go before he can re-
ceive even a drop of water to cool his weary lips ?
Who shall say that a thirsty person should he
bound to go two miles, or even one mile, without
receiving the necessary refreshment ? Wo do not
believe that a limit can be established ; and,
therefore, every man, away from his own neigh-
bourhood, who is prepared to sign a declaration
that he is a traveller, and to give his address, is
entitled to receive what he demands from the
licensed victualler, the hour of the Sunday, not-
withstanding.

The reception of the book in evidence was no
less important than the definition of the term
"traveller." It was quite obvious that a traveller,
served on the exigency of the moment, could not
be often produced a week or ten clays subsequently
to sPeak for himself and to prove the accuracy of
his representations. The landlord should at his
peril receive the representations of the alleged
" travellers." He could not administer an oath,
or even a declaration in lieu thereof. All he could
require was
.that the party with whom he was not
acquainted should make the repreSentation in
writing, ready to be produced before the magis-
trateS, and this would cast the onus on the prose-
eutori, not merely of showing that the representa-
tion was untrue, but that the defendant knew that
it was so.

The effect of these cases will be in a great de-
gree to do away with the Act. The thirsty soul
who requires refreshment may have to go a few
miles from home to receive it ; but if he do so,
and the licensed victuallers be only true to them-
selves, a coach and six may be driven through
the enactments of this very vexatious and inqui-
sitorial statute.