The Sun.
London, England, 1853-01-08 00:00:00

rse, with here and there large nug-
gets and lumps. The golden reputation of the Me-
roo itself is, however, small in comparison to that I The following, relative to the Spanish Uncon-
of one of its tributary creeks, the Louisa, on whose verted Coupons, is translated from the Herald()
banks such enormous masses of the precious metal of the 29th ult.:—
have been found, and where the Great Nugget Vein "The
state, on the authority of M, r. reduction of 50 per cent. made on the capital of
lies. We may
the Coupons was an evident mistake, in consequence of
Assistant-Commissioner Green, that the dry dig- an injustice which destroyed the favourable effect pro-
gings in this locality extend for several miles to duced abroad to the advantage of Spanish credit, by the
Campbell's creek, where from 40,000 to 50,000 regulation of the public debt.
miners might find profitable employment. This "It is well known that the interest due by the titles
tract includes the diggings of Long-creek, the Dirt- of the debt is payable in ready money at the end of the
holes, and the Tambaroura, all renowned in their six months. The Coupon is neither more nor less than a
generation, but all yielding the palm to the Louisa- bill of exchange, which had run out its time, and pay-
creek, where Dr.- Ker found his 1 cwt of gold, and anent of which is punctually demanded. As regards
Brennan his 271 b lump, together with the largest
apublic funds, capital is not reclaimable ; it is transferred
waterword nugget that the world ever knew of, for setntthheiwinialelifof thefo bearer,
lbutthoetihasie
Government,
rigthtatnodpdree:
it weighed 157 ounces. The gold generally is very wand one hundrredetrupsa end reals inocvasruhinfoerntitles of 3
coarse and nuggetty, and the miners average from per Cents. It is, however, the contrary as regards in-
20s a day upwards. There are about 1,500 miners terest. The Exchequer is boundto deliver up, in money,
on the Meroo and Louisa creeks, at Long-creek, the amount of the Coupons representing the interest
the Devil's-hole, Pyramid-creek, Nuggetty-gully, due on the debt.
Married-man's-creek, and the Dirtholes. " Besides, the actual titles of the 3 per Cents. arise
Between the Turon and the Pyramid, and pa- from the conversion of the Coupons of 4 and 5 per cent.
rallel to both, lies the Tambaroura-creek, which verified in 1841, although the number of the Threes was
joins the Macquarrie several miles below the Turon augmented by the conversion of the floating debt, which
junction. The diggings here are generally on table-
took place in 1845, so that the Coupons existing in 1851
land, and the yield of gold is very large, since we
have the same origin as those converted into titles of
3 • ' they were, so to speak, own brothers, and there
are informed that many of the claims yield from 2
was no possibility of disputing the right which awaited
to 12 ounces a day. The number of miners at the them of incurring the same fate as that which had at-
Tambaroura and its vicinity is computed at 1,000. tended the others. This did not, however, occur, and
The Hanging-rock, situate on the Peel River, is it would be futile to seek out reasons to explain such
a gold-field of established renown. The Oaken- a deviation. If we consider the question under the
ville, Hurdle, and Oakey creeks, which flow into aspect of right, what concerns the interest would have
the Peel, have been found to be rich in auriferous the advantage over the titles from whence it springs,
deposits, and a large tract of country in the vicinity because it is payable in cash ; if we turn to precedents,
presents the same indications. There are about 200 we soon discover those which hold in the matter ; and if,
diggers, who are doing well, but 2,000 would ,oer- finally, we hunt about for a possible excuse for so siugu-
tainly do better. -- ._. _ _ .., _____,,,„,‘,;,,,...6.1er a reduction, the-replyiavireioilsly to no purrikM
The last discovered diggings in New South Wales sathionuiiltdthri,vtehebezi penurymad:f the
oTrtzieoasoaug,
iitihaell 'reduction
are at Bingara on the Coumngoura-creek, which the debt, and not have Peri:tool:en that yone which, even
joins the Gwydir River, 70 miles to the north-west in this case, ought to have been treated with special pre-
of Tamworth. The persons who first discovered dilection. What motive was there to recognise in all
the treasures of this locality made extraordinary integrity, the capital of the Fives, the Fours, the Notes,
gains in a very short time, and the gold appeared the Debt without Interest, and reduce to one half that of
to lie in inexhaustible abundance on all sides. It the Coupons ? On what principle of justice or utility
is nugetty, coarse-grained, and very little worn. could so strange a difference be founded ? Was there
The usual characteristics of a gold region, slate and sufficient to keep all intact or not ? In the first case,
quartz, abound, and a large extent of country in the Coupons enjoyed the same rights and privileges con-
the vicinity has the same appearance as that of the ceded to the other debts ; in the latter, common justice
required that all should be treated in the same way.
diggings at the Courangoura-creek. At various
W not r
places between the Hanging-rock and Bingara gold left open q educe them all, if there were no other course
has been found, in some instances lying on the sur- "No one can, with impunity, sin against the duties of
face of the ground. morality ; no one can, without prejudice to public con-
- There are about 8,000 miners at work on all these veniency, deny the principles of economy. Credit is
various gold fields ; but the Sydney Empire is of confidence, and confidence is inspired by good faith and
opinion that not less than 200,000 persons would the solidity of the debtor. It is not enough that an in-
find profitable employment on the large tracts of dividual, or a nation, arrange a certain debt, in order to
auriferous country, hitherto unworked, which the recover commercial position : it is indispensable that
colony is known to possess. The New South Wales such arrangement be general and equitable--that all
miners, though they all of them are doing well—and connected with it should bear evidence that regard has
we know by this time what those words mean at the .been had to loyalty and uprightness. What opinion can
antipodes—use the rudest and most unsatisfactory
be formed of the man who, owing to many, should treat
implements. A pick and shovel and a cradle, with, some with caprice, and ignore others.
"u-
-perhaps, a crowbar and a pump, constitute a miner's And the worst of the matter is, that in this unfort
nate business the Government has acted as if it really
outfit. Considering the brilliant results •'obtained had proposed to demonstrate that its want of power was
by such seemingly inadequate means, the people of the mere excuse of an angry debtor, or the vagary of an
Sydney are eagerly looking forward to that " more eccentric litigant ; for after having sanctioned the
effectual development of the wealth of the gold fields arrangements, many other debts that nobody claimed
by operations conducted on an extensive scale di- were also arranged, just as if, on a sudden, a very
rected by scientific skill and aided by all the avail- shower of gold had fallen from the sky, and that, not
able appliances of modern art and industry." knowing what to do with such a plethora of riches, we
"About half a dozen of such companies," says the had lost no time in paying even the debts probably con-
Sydney Empire, " have not only been formed, but traded by Pelays beyond the Asturias Mountains, in
have actually commenced operations." The Great order to put an end to the contention just terminated
Nugget Vein Company are setting up expensive with the Moors by the taking of Granada. What must
Imachinery on the banks of the Louisa for crushinyg. foreigners thinks of us ? What can be said of proverbial
wSii.laonisehadhonour 0 the auriferous quartz of their claim in that locality haatndtbi7
.so think and say, those
the L? ndo
hpadapetros
hilanaohwontooseweien ,
The British Australian and the Australian Mutual those who more than once haavnes
Gold Mining Companies have combined operations how we were treated at the meetings, and swell with for the purpose of working the alluvial claims on indignation against Necker, who, in an evil hour, took
the Turon. They have secured valuable ground at upon himself to do what was beyond the reach of his
Lucky Point, and are preparing to work an island understanding, and what required broader views and
in the bed of the Turon, near Erskine Point. Cer- greater firmness of will than it had pleased Heaven to
tain Sydney merchants, the Messrs. Samuel, are concede to him.
draining the water-hole at Ophir, and the Turon "The irritation,however, rose to its height with the
Golden Ridge Quartz Crushing Company are about
decree of the 13th October last. What I then the
rto work an auriferous quartz vein on the Lower
exclamation in foreign countries ; it was not possible to
increase by ten millions of reals, the sum intended in the
Turon, which " promises the most splendid re- former one, for the payment of the interest of the debt
sults." Besides the very natural desire to vie regulated on the Ist of August ; and-now, without the
with the golden glories of the neighbouring province slightest solicitation, the same ten millions are added, in
of Victoria, the colonists of New South Wales are order to convert into consolidated a part of the Deferred
animated by the hope that science and machinery, Debt.
directed to the pursuit of gold, will save much "It must be a hoax or a mockery, an insult cast on
valuable manual labour' and that the companies, those who were weak enough to lend money to the
once established, will put an end to the amateur Spaniard, and the odium andh resentment ahrose 0 with
i digging of raw immigrants, of whom it is generally gratyosfurwyittihi annainevesertilatthy
the eaped
for whole world we onugutsi i
I said that they would do themselves and others '')
not to have laid ourselves open to bear. The committee
'good if they turned their attention and energies to
agriculture and trade. which regulates the Exchange at London, determined
that the titles of the Threes arising from the conversion
We have hitherto dwelt only on the established of the four hundred millions of Deferred Debt, should
gold fields ; but, besides these, there are various lo- not be quoted. The same occurred in Paris, and the
calities in which gold is known to exist, but which Minister who was the author of the measure had oppor-
have not as yet been worked by any but here and tunity practically to learn that justice cannot be turned
there a stay " prospecting" party. Chief among into a mockery, and that there is no means of escape
these is the territory of the Abercrombie River, 40 from the law. which Providence has imposed upon all sin-
miles south from Bathurst, which forms the upper ful actions.
portion of the Lachlan. Large quantities of gold "The reduction of one-half of the capital of the Cou-
have here been found by chance, not only in the Pons has rendered nugatory, and will continue to do so,
river itself, but at the Sounding-rock, and in the until a repairing hand shall have amended the mischief,
Tuenna, Mulgunnia, Copnerhannia, and n Mountai the effects of the regulation of the public debt, with the
sacrifice of burdening former liabilities with the pay-
Run creeks. Gold has also been found at Havila. g •
ments of new interest, the wish was to recover Spanish
on Campbell's River, and in the Gylmandyke and credit, whilst the very contrary has fallen out. The Go-
Davis creeks, its tributaries ;at Winburndale-creeks vernment intended, or ought to have done so, to wipe off
a few miles to the northward from Bathurst ; at the record of errors, committed rather in consequence
Billaboug range, 100 miles west of Bathurst • and of the calamities of which the Peninsular has been the
at the Snowy Mountains, where the Rev. W. B. victim, since the beginning of the century, than from
Clarke, who searched by order of the Government, any other cause of a reprehensible nature ; and it has,
discovered an extensive tract of auriferous country. instead, by its mistakes, and rash engagement, to resist
A few more months, a fresh influx of population, the clamours of the public conscience, rendered it more
and the combined powers of capital, enterprise, and indelible.
science, will work wonders in New South Wales, ."We went in search of credit, and we have fallen in
and, as far as the yield of gold is concerned, if it with discredit,
voyage. The Deferred Debt—instead of
equal the prosperity of that colony.—Times. rising,
discredit' as the eerminus of our unfortunate and
does not surpass Victoria, it bids fair at least to ill-concertedrising, went down, in consequence of the decree of the
3d of October, because, if in the few days
following the publication of such a measure in
the Gaceta, there was some tendency to a rise on the Ma-
drid Exchange, the London letters and papers, within
brief space, brought over the news of the agreement
there come to, and the hopes of speculators here vanished
like the smoke before the wind.
" It must be inferred from all this that the regulation
so extolled, that the laurel with which, among other
laurels the brows of the Minister of Finance will have
to be adorned, has been one of those matters which may
be reckoned among the worst conceived within memory.
So ill conceived, indeed, that however much favoured
by circumstances, we shall not succeed in obtaining the
end proposed, viz., the procuring of credit until this
ugly blot shall have disappeared, until accomplishing
what utility and justice both equally ordained, we shall
have acceded to the well-founded claims of those who
have suffered a diminution of one-half their capital by
the arbitrary decision of a man who had no right to
deprive them of what did not belong to him.
"We will at another time dwell upon the rise which
these values have had since the regulation, in order to
demonstrate that this phenomenon is explicable by causes
which have nothing whatever to do with the wisdom
and acuteness of the Minister, who, rather than have
resorted to such a measure, should have been content to
undergo every inconvenience "

THE LAKE DISTRICT-THE LATE STORM ON
THE BANKS OF WINDERMERE.

The following extracts from a letter, dated Winder-
mere, Jan. 1, will enable all who have visited the lakes
to form an idea of the effect of the late gales in that in-
teresting district :—" I am sorry to say that the weather
here is anything but agreeable ; the rains falls continu-
ally, and in a downright steady manner, which leaves
but little hope of its abatement. Within the last month
the rain in this locality has fallen 10i inches—greater
in extent than any on record. On Monday last, and on
Christmas-day, the storms in this part were most terrible ;
such, in fact, was the force of the wind, that trees which
had stood the `battle and the breeze' for centuries lay
broken up and scattered. At the Ferry Hotel six of the
fine old cherry trees are down. Numbers of the old tenants
of Belle Isle have also fallen; and here, in Elleray, sixty
trees were blown down in a few hours. Houses in all
directions are unroofed, our own being among the unfor-
tunates. I hear bad tidings from the coast-close at hand.
Milnthorpe and Sandside, together with Lyth Mea-
throp, &c., have all more or less witnessed scenes of
death and destruction. The bodies of eleven poor sailors
were washed on the beach (so I hear), near Sandside ;
and all along the coast to Workington and Maryport is
strewed with wrecks of every description, lying at the
mercy of the winds aid waves. Many farmers in the
low end of the valleys running towards the coast are en-
tirely ruined, their sheep and cows, &c., having perished
in the waters. I know parties acquainted with a family
who spent seven hours during the storm of Monday last
on the top of their own house, and saw their cattle
carried away to death by scores. They lost upwards of
a hundred sheep ; they were with difficulty rescued in a
boat. Two lads were overtaken by the rising of the
waters, and took refuge on a peat stack. Thinking it
rather insecure they dropped off and got into a large
birch tree close at hand. The waters ruse rapidly, and
the stack was washed away before their eyes. They re-
mained in the tree for six hours, and were rescued almost
in a dying state. Every valley has its tale of woe and
destruction. God help them !"

CHILD MIIRDER.—Ou the sth inst., Margaret Bell
was brought up before Lord Cockburn, accused of the
crime of child murder. From the evidence, it appeared
that the prisoner, who had been in service, left her em-
ployment, and was delivered of a female child in the
house of a woman named M`Guire, in Paisley. She
left about a fortnight afterwards, taking the child along
with her, which was in perfect health at the time. On
the following morning—viz., the 17th of November, the
body of the child was found in the pond or dam, at
Crofthead Bleachfield, in the parish of Neilston. The
woman had been previously observed in the neighbour-
hood. There was a string or piece of muslin tight round
the infant's throat. When apprehended by the officer,
she admitted that she had drowned the child. The jury
brought in a verdict finding the prisoner guilty of mur-
der, but recommended her to mercy on account of her
destitute condition. Lord Cockburn sentenced the pri-
soner to be hanged at Paisley, on the 26th of January.
The prisoner is 30 years of age.
THE ANCIENT GERMANIC OR HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,
—The Almanac& Imperial for 1853, published at Vienna,
contains the new appointments to the household of the
young Emperor, and also. the " grandes charges" of the
Imperial Court. Among the families who held of the
ancient Germanic or Holy Roman Empire, appear the
names of the following British subjects :----
of •S axe CoburgAlber
t
Francois Augustus Charles Emanuel,
and Gotha ; naturalised in Great Britain 12 February,
1840. William Basil Fielding, Earl of Denbigh, said to
to descend from a branch of the Imperial ouse of Haps-
burg ; a Count of the Holy Roifia Empuiroely:
Rneither
Arundell de Wardour ; lia Cenoriunßt
date nor patent extant. enofol.iti
thArundell, Baron
Empire : date of patent 1601. John Count De La
Feld. naturalized in Austria • descends 'from the ancient
Counts of that name in Alsace • his ancestor created a
Count of the Holy Roman Empire after the battle of
Zenta : date of patent 1697. George Churchill, Duke
of Marlborough ; his ancestor created a Prince of the
Holy Romaii Empire, by the title of Prince of Mindel-
neim) in Suabia, after the battle of Blenheim : date of
patent 1708. Jerome, Count de Salis, naturalized in
England ; descends from the ancient Counts of that
name in the Grisons ; his ancestor created a Count of
the Holy Roman Empire : date of patent 1743.
Leopold
created a Louis
Count Coofwt•heer,H
oElya rlizocmoawnpEerin
in the
patent 1758. Francois Taafe, Viscount Ta .
Count of the Holy Roman Empire : d
kingdom of Ireland, naturalized . in. Austriaate,
1784. of patent
; phi:ifese: ancestoreiaP of
ersted a

Tim LYTHAM LIFE-BOAT.-011 Saturday morning
last, during a very heavy gale, and in a terrific sea of
broken water, this life-boat's qualities were tested in a
very remarkable manner under the following circum-
stances, viz., on the morning aforesaid, a large ship was
seen in the height of the storm in the offing of the Horse
Bank, Lytham, Lancashire, with a signal of distress
flying, a distance from here of not less than ten miles.
The life-boat was at length, with great difficulty, manned
(owing to the accident in October), and proceeded at a
rapid rate against a gale right ahead. A considerable
portion of the course to the ship lay through breakers of
a most formidable character— the crew say, to use their
own words, "that she was quite buried in three in-
stances but that she immediately emptied herself." The
ship, a large one, was pitching jibboom under, though
in the best trim, being outwardbound ; they were able to
hoard her notwithstanding, and supplied them with a
man, which enabled the ship finally to leave this dan-
gerous coast.
THE REFUGEE TURNED EMPEROR.—With the recent
changes in his position, Louis Bonaparte appears to have
somewhat modified his ideas concerning the propriety of
harbouring refugees in a state. The Augsburg Gazette,
under date of Berlin, 2d, says :—" France will not for
the future receive any foreign refugees. The authorities
of Schildberg (Posen) having expelled two refugees, and
given theni a passport to France, the French ambassa-
dor at our court declared to the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, in the name of -his Government, that for the
future no foreigners of that category will be received in
France. The Minister of the Interior has, in conse-
quence, given formal orders not to delivereamnyamlr
passports for France to Polish refugees." We
to see M, Bonaparte change his opinions yet again,