The Sun.
London, England, 1853-07-07 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 1853.

" THE PRESS." —On Saturday, July 9,
No. X., price Sixpence. of "THE PRESS,' the new
weekly Conservative paper. Published every Saturday. Office,

No. 110, Strand. To be had of all Newsmen and at the Railway
Stations. Money orders for subscriptions sent direct to the office, to
be made payable to Mr. Alfred lye.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
PATRON-H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT.

NEW and INTERESTING ATTRACTION. On TUESDAYS
and FRIDAYS, at Four o'clock, and Every Evening (except Satur-
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on " THE THAMES," from its Source to its Estuary, by GEORGE
BUCKLAND, Esq., assisted by Miss Blanche Younge, with appro-
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TIFIC LECTURES and EXHIBITIONS.

Open Mornings and Evenings. Admission, Is.; Schools, and
Cttildren under Tett years of age Half-price.

LAITRENT'S CASINO, ARGYLL ROOMS.-
(Lessee, CHARLES E. LAURENT, Onslow-house, Fulham-
road.) Open Every Evening. The Orchestra will perform, during
the week, "The Rose," "Thistle," "Shamrock," " &mins." and
"Rigoletto " Waltzes, by H. Laurent ; the " Rosalinda" and
"Nymph," by D'Albert ; the " England," "New Topsy," and " Lago
Maggoire" Quadrilles ; the " Gold Hawk" and " Juno" Polkas.—
Admission, Is. Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock; to com-
mence at Nine, and terminate at Half-past Eleven.

BRIGHTON SELTZER WATER, 4s. a dozen.
Mr. HOOPER has REDUCED his PRICE for Brighton
Seltzer and Fachingen from 6s. to 4s. per dozen. Also other aerated
waters In proportion, and which are unsurpassed, if not unequalled.
Six-dozen hampers carriage free. Balls and fetes supplied in such
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spectus with list of prices can be had on application.—HOOPEß, 7,
Pall-mall East; and 55, Grosvenor-street, Bond-street.

BRITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH,
Hamilton-place, New-road, London.
FOREIGN GENERAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF MORISON'S TILLS,
the Vegetable Universal Medicine.
Amsterdam ....... .. Mr. Jacob Meihuizen.
Baltimore (U.S.) ....
Barbadoes
Barcelona (5pain).............., Messrs. Charles Sola, Miret, and
Cuyas.
Basle (Switzerland) Mr. Roderick Scholp.
Brody (Germany) . ....... N. Kornfeld, Esq.
Buffalo (U.S.) . ...... . Mr. Czeicke.
Cadiz ............
Calcutta
Cape Breton ..... ...... . Lieut. J. 3l`Kinnon.
Carthagena Rafael Canto, Muralla del Mar.
Constantinople ................ Mr. A. Stampa.
Copenhagen Mr. C. S. Holm and Mr. Michael-
sen.
Cracow
Curagos (W. 1.) ...... • • • • Messrs. Senior.
Douglas (Isle of Man) ••••• • • • • • Mr. Johnson.
Elsinore •••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • Mr. 0. S. Steenburg.
Frankfort • ........ ..... ....... Derek, Freres.
George Town City (Demerara) •. Mr. John M'Douall.
Gibraltar......... ....... Mr. T. H. Roberts.
Guernsey .... • ....• ..
Halifax (U.S.) .•..••••• • • • . • .. Messrs. A. and W. Mackinlay.
Hamburg •••• • • • ...... ••• • • • Messrs. Krauskopf and Co.
Kempton (Bavaria) ...... . • .... Mr. M. Gayrhos.
Kingston (Jamaica) .......• .... Miss Kington.
Malta ....... ••••• • • . . .... Mr. Muir, Library.
Melbourne (Port Philip) ...... Mr. A. Charlwood.
Madras ........
Madrid •••• • • . .•• • • • ...... Messrs. Saavedra and Co.
Matanzas (Cuba) Dr. Ambrosio C. Santo, Cale del
Medio, No. 13.
Mexico Mr. Jean Togno.
Montreal..
New York (U.S.) .....
Odessa (8a55ia).....,• Wm. Wagner.
Paris
grand.
Passau ...........
Pernambuco (Brazils) ........ A. S. Corbett, Esq.
Valencia . . Mr. Antonio Andrews.
Bishop's Auckland (New Zealand) Mr. R. Parris.

ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND TURKEY.

(From Ike Morning Post.)

_ -
For the last few days rumours have been current in
London and in Paris, to the effect, that the views of
England and France are not identical, with respect to
the course to be pursued in the East— that neither
Power is resolved as to the light in which the Russian
occupation of the Danubian Principalities is to be re-
garded—that England, especially, displays symptoms of
vacillation—that she hesitates to allow the passage of
the Dardanelles by her fleet, and that she wishes Turkey
may discover some pacific method of making the best
compromise she can with Russia.

We are enabled to give an unqualified contradiction
to these rumours, which can owe their origin to no other
source than the endeavour of Russian intrigue to sow
distrust between the Cabinets of London and Paris, or
to the equally fertile invention of stockjobbing.
We affirm, with confidence, that both the policy and
action of England and France are one. Both Powers
regard the invasion of the Principalities as a violation of
the integrity and independence of the Ottoman Empire,
and as an act of war.

Of course, the fleets at Besika Bay are not ordered to
enter the Dardanelles. Such an order would amount to
a violation of the independence of the Porte, as flagrant
as that committed by the Czar.

The duty of Admirals Dundas and Hamelin is, to obey
implicitly the orders of the Ambassadors of their So-
vereigns. The instructions which have been forwarded
to Lord Stratford do Redcliffe.and M. de la Cour are,
to place the combined fleets entirely at the disposal of
the Sultan—in the event, of which there can be no
doubt, of his considering and proclaiming the present
lawless invasion of his territory an act of war. The
ambassadors are directed to summon the naval forces of
England and France, the instant the Porte requests it,
not only to enter the Dardanelles, but to proceed, in the
Black Sea, to whatever operations our Ally may deem
requisite for his safety and advantage.

(Prom the Morning Chronicle.)

Mr. Layard has given notice that he will to-morrow
call the attention of the House of Commons to the pre-
sent embarrassed state of the relations between the
Governments of Russia and Turkey. He had made a
similar announcement some time back, but he was in-
duced to forego his purpose—in compliance, we pre-
sume with the very natural wish of the Government to
avoid a Parliamentary discussion of the Eastern ques-
tion in the then state of the negotiations. Yet the
reasons for deprecating a debate on this subject are not
less strong now than they were a month ago ; and it
can scarcely be denied that, at the present juncture, Mr.
Layard's motion is very inopportune, whilst it may
prove extremely embarrassing. Any statement which
he may make will neceesarily carry with it great weight,
not only on account of his personal abilities and the
knowledge and experience of the Eest which he pos-
sesses, but also from the fact of his having recently held an
office in the Foreign Department, and from his having
accompanied Lord Stratford de Redcliffe to Constanti-
nople. Though Mr. Layard is, strictly speaking, an
independent member of the house, his views, whatever
they may be, will be thought elsewhere to represent
those of the Government. It ought, however, to be
known that he held no official appointment when he
went to Constantinople, but that he proceeded thither
simply as the friend of Lord Stratford. He has never
held office, of any kind, under the present Adminis-
tration ; and whatever, therefore, may be the opinions
which be may express, or the views which he may
take, they are to be regarded entirely as his own, and
in no way as those of the Government. Apart, how-
ever, from any misconception which may exist with
reference to the position of the mover, a debate upon
the matter, under present circumstances, must, in
any case, be most unsatisfactory. It is impossible to
expect that Ministers, in the existing posture of affairs,
will enter into an explanation of their policy with re-
gard to the Eastern question ; and consequently, any
disclosures which may be made will necessarily be im-
perfect, and of little value either to the house or to the
country. Nor, on the other hand, is it likely that a
Parliamentary discussion will facilitate the endeavours of
our negotiators to obtain a pacific solution of the pending
difficulties.

It cannot be said that, in this matter, the uncertainty
and indecision of public opinion require to be corrected
by a Parliamentary elucidation of the merits of the
question. There have of late years been few instances
of so remarkable a unanimity of national sentiment as
that which prevails on this subject nor would it be dif-
ficult to show that the universal popular feeling is jus-
tified by the facts of the vase, Even if we consider the
course pursued by Russia towards Turkey solely with
reference to British interests, it will at once be obvious
that it is the bounden duty of this country to prevent
the designs of the Court of St. Petersburg from being
carried out. To maintain the independence of the Otto-
man Empire has ever been recognised as one of the
first objects of the foreign policy of Great Britain. It
has always been felt that the possession of the European
dominions of the Porte by the Czar would give the latter
a dangerous political preponderance ; and the events
of the last few years have not tended to abate the ap-
prehensions felt on this score. The power and resources
of Russia have rapidly increased, and the helpless
condition of Austria prevents that Power from serv-
ing as a counterpoise to her strength. Nor must
it be forgotten that, while our communications
with India would be seriouslT endangered by the
extension of Russian influence in the East, we
have vast commercial interests which are directly
involved in this question. Of late years, there has been
an almost unexampled development of trade between
Great Britain and Turkey. The ottoman Empire, with
its liberal tariffs, has become a most valuable customer
to our manufacturing towns, whilst the removal of the
restrictions on the importation of grain has stimulated
the industry of the vast corn-producing countries watered
by the Danube, and all the conditions exist for a profit-
able and increasing interchange of products. Our trade
with the Sultan's subjects if far more important than
that which we carry on with Russia, and we should sus-
tain a most serious loss if the countries which are now
open markets were placed under tile exclusive system of
the latter Power. Material and political interests alike
render it an object of importance to prevent the terri-
tories of the Porte from being incorporated with the
dominions of the Czar.
Thus, even if wo were only to regard the maintenance
of the Turkish Empire as it affecs the immediate inte-
rests of Great Britain, there could be little doubt as to
the policy which prudence would require us to pursue.
But it must also be remembered that England has, in
common with the other Governments of Europe, en-
tered into treaties to preserve the integrity of Turkey ;
and the measures adopted by Russia are in direct con-
travention of the settlement agreed upon by the great
Powers. We do not see how France and Great Britain
can permit these engagements to be set aside at the plea-
sure of the Czar. If such acts of wanton aggression are to
be perpetrated with impunity, there is an end to all ques-
tions of right in dealings between one nation and another.
Russia has, without any colourable pretext, proceeded to
employ force against the Porte, and she has done this
in direct opposition to the exprese desires of the West-
ern Powers. Every attempt has been made to effect an
arrangement of the dispute by friendly mediation ; but
all such overtures have been contemptuously rejected,
and Russia has persevered to the last in making de-
mands to which it was impossible for an independent
State to accede. And now, unable to obtain compliance
by menace and intimidation, she has invaded the Sul-
tan's territories. If ever there was a case of flagrant
injustice, it is in the present Russian occupation of the
Danubian Principalities. That proceeding is a gross
outrage inflicted upon Turkey, and an insult to the rest
of Europe, which it will be impossible for other Powers
to permit.

On all these points there is little difference of opinion.
There may, indeed, be some persons who find satisfac-
tion in the belief that the whole difficulty might have
been averted by the adoption of a different attitude on
the part of the English Government. On the general
question, however, politicians of all parties have only
one feeling ; and they are anxious to follow up the po-
licy which has been pursued by several generations of
English statesmen, in dealing with the affairs of the
East. That policy has been to maintain the independence
of the Porte against the attacks of any of the great
Powers—to preserve a State the existence cf which is
essential to the balance of power in Europe. Should it
become the duty of France and Great Britain to support
their ally by force of arms, the quarrel will certainly not
have been sought by this country—it will be entirely
due to the selfish and aggressive conduct of the Court
of St. Petersburg. We trust, however, that the ad-
visers of the Czar will even yet reflect upon
the risk of confronting an alliance so powerful
as that which may be arrayed against him, and that
they will perceive that they are already condemned by
the opinion of the civilized world. In England, no one
has been found to excuse or defend the conduct of
Russia ; and even with the possibility before us of a con-
flict which all must deeply deplore, we hear nothing of
those agitators who are accustomed to denounce all in-
terventions in the affairs of Foreign States as the worst
kind of unprofitable and dangerous meddling. The
Peace Society is silent ; and it is only in the manifesto
of certain politicians of provincial obscurity that we are
advised to let Russia seize Constantinople if she will—a
step from which it is argued that the Czar would,
strange to say, lose in power. But, with the single ex-
ception of the Liverpool Financial Reform Association,
we have heard of no class or party that is prepared to
view with indifference the consequences of the unchecked
advance of the Russian arms in Turkey. We more than
doubt whether a debate in the House of Commons will
show any diversity of opinion on that point, or whether
the Court of St. Petersburg will find any unwillingness
on the part of Parliament to support, if necessary, the
Ottoman Government.

THE UNITED STATES.

LIVERPOOL, JULY 6.
The British mail steamer arrived at Panama on
the 11th ult.
The weather was intensely hot, and many per-
sons had died from the effects of coups de solicl.
Mr. R. Augustus Ewing, of Connecticut, had
been appointed Secretary of Legation to St. Peters-
burg.
__ _

The New York Herald has an article on the
financial and commercial prospects of the United
States, in which he says :

"That the present season of commercial activity and
unbounded speculation cannot last for ever; that fluc-
tuations in the price of money are not altogether things
of the past ; that we have not reached that degree of
stability and permanent security when the lessons of
experience may be safely discarded ; that sudden checks
may occur, banks may curtail, and private credits be
unexpectedly withdrawn, are propositions the truth of
which no sensible man of business will be disposed to
deny. Nay, more, it must be obvious to all that there
exist at the present moment peculiar causes for appre-
hensions."
The steam-ships Northern Light and Crescent
City had arrived at New York with the Californian
mails of the Ist of June, and 520,300 do's. 20 c. in
specie on freight. Among their passengers were a
number of miners from Australia, who had chosen
the Panama route to England. The passengers
crossed the Isthmus, which was in a good condi-
tion, in 40 hours. The steamer which left San
Francisco on the Ist of June had on freight
2,283450 dols. in specie. Both miners and agri-
culturists were doing well. Difficulties had oc-
curred between the authorities and a body of
squatters upon the banks of Feather River. The
San Francisco Herald gives the following account
of an attempt by the marshal to serve warrants on
some of the squatters :
" We subjoin a history of what transpired on the
marshal's attempt to serve his summons, and it will be
seen that these men have manifested a very desperate
temper. A portion of the account is taken from a Sa-
cramento paper, but we add some details which will
exhibit more clearly the nature of their resolve :
" Deputy Marshal Douglass passed up the river on
Saturday, for the purpose of summoning the parties to
show cause why a perpetual injunction should not be is-
sued against them. Upon his arrival at Colusi, he
learned that a meeting had been held and resolutions
' passed to prevent by force his serving the summons.
After several repeated messages, in which he explained
his mission, and that he simply desired to discharge his
duty as a ministerial officer, without effect, he deter-
mined on Monday to appear among them, and reason
face to face with them upon the folly of their course.
He accordingly, against the advice of friends, did so,
and entered among them in their deliberations. He
found some 40 or 50 of the settlers carousing together
and making merry with liquor and upon a fatted calf,
which they had appropriated from the herd of a d—d
speculator.'
" When Mr. Douglass appeared among them, he was
at once told that he should not serve the summons, and
that if he attempted to do so they would kill him on the
spot. As to their threats, Douglass said he was pre-
pared to defend himself, but as his object was not to
quarrel with them, he would explain to them a seeming
misapprehension of the nature of the paper which he
carried. It was simply a notice of the commencement
of a suit, by which their rights, as well as those of the
plaintiff, were to be determined. Douglass attempted
further to reason with them, but without avail, and
finally he had to desist.
" The men, however, made him partake of their meat
and drink, and, having done so, told him he could not
serve his paper, and he had as well leave. This Doug.
lass concluded to do, and he returned to Colusi, where
he deposited the pistol he had borrowed. Taking the
steamer then for Sacramento, a woodyard was touched
at, of which the proprietor, Holiday, was one of the
parties against whom he had a summons. He therefore
delivered the writ to him enveloped, and at the same
time commenced reading the summons. Holiday, when
he discovered the design, jumped upon the wood, and re-
marking very coolly, at the same moment, ' Well, I may as
well kill you now as at any other time,' caught at a billet
of wood, and, with both hands, made a blow at the head of
Douglass. It would have crushed his skull, but Douglass,
by a timely lifting of his arm, warded off the stroke in
a measure, though, such was the force with which it was
given, that, falling upon his shoulder, he was precipitated
down the bank and upon the bow of the boat. Recovering
himself; the deputy marshal applied to the captain for a
weapon. The reply was that he had none, but possibly
pistols could be obtained from the pilot. The latter, bow-
ever, having probably heard the request, had got out of
the way, and so Mr. Douglass had to continue as before,
entirely unarmed. Holiday, meantime, had procured a
revolver, and proclaimed his intention to kill the mar-
shal. This he announced with abundance of vehement
gesticulations and threats, but at length desisted, upon
the captain's telling him he would have no more dealings
dweiptlui
thm if he did not doyimarshaions T
board,
o proceeded
ceedbeodat
on her
itrwwah thy
the
Sacramento."

On the retreat of the marshal the squatters, who
were well armed, proceeded to burn down the house
of a medical man, and committed other violence.
Strikes for higher wages by the labouring popula-
tion were becoming common. Trade was very dull.
The prices of some articles of consumption had
fallen below prime cost.
According to telegraphic accounts from Boston,
the Newfoundland papers contained bitter com-
plaints of the manner in which the French cruisers
drove the British fishermen from St. George's Bay.
They state that the British vessels were compelled
to put to sea, leaving behind all their nets and fish,
and that, when some of them put back from stress
of weather, they were fired upon by the French
vessel. The French commander, when remon-
strated with, is reported to have said that they
might thank their own Government, which had
driven the French from Salvador. The subject
was to be brought before the Legislature of the
colony.
Letters from St. John's, New Brunswick, an-
nounce the departure for the fishing grounds of
Admiral Seymour in the steamer Argus. Previous
to his departure he was presented with an address,
to which he replied
" It has been gratifying to me to find that the manner
in which the officers and seamen employed in the pro-
tection of the fisheries performed their duties last year
has been appreciated here. Their steadiness and mode-
ration were acknowledged, and it will be my endeavour
to give such instructions as will combine the mainte-
nance of the privileges reserved by treaty for her Ma-
jesty's subjects with the regard due to the rights of
foreign nations."

We have Havannah dates to the 22d ult. There
is no political intelligence. The markets were dull
and inactive ; sugar was easier. Vessels were very
much wanted, as there was an immense quantity
of sugar in store. The quotations were to London,
755. ; Cowes, 655. Sterling exchange was quoted
at 10i per cent. premium.
Advices from the Bahamas state that instructions
had been received from the Government to obtain
information as to the precise time of arrival and
departure of the Royal West India Company's
steamers at the various ports.
Advices from Panama mention the arrival at
that port of Miss Catherine Hayes, en route to
South America.

The following letter from Otaheite, Society Is-
lands, gives some information respecting its present
condition :

"At this port we found an American whaler and a
French frigate moored in a snug little harbour, large
enough to accommodate about 10 vessels. Anchorage
is charged by the French Governor at the rate of sloa
vessel. Water can be had, but it is attended with muck
difficulty, and it would take a long time to water a
steamer. Nothing can be got in the way of ships' sup-
plies. Pork is from 10 to 20 cents. per lb., on the foot ;
and the hogs, like the natives, are so wild that you can-
not use them in any way. The natives will not even
bring their bundles of fruit to your boat after it is pur-
chased.

"The destitute condition of the island is owing to the
French monopolising everything. The King was about
to be baptised and converted to the Catholic faith. we
could not get a chicken even for a sick man, and, had
we not managed to get a few pigs from a schooner that
had just arrived from another island, we should have
been compelled to sail as we entered.
"We are here all well. The Monumental City sailed
a week ago. There are about 1,000 tons of English
coal here. It has been exposed to the sun for 10 years,
and is good for nothing ; but we, like Monumental
City, will have to take it, and pay about $3O a ton,
put on board.

" Labour here is $1 per day. There are no fresh pro-
visions in the market, and we shall have to go round
the island for a week to get enough to eat for a day.
The inhabitants say itis a fine island, if they had enough
to eat.

" The railway, which it was said could take up a
ship of 900 tons, cannot take up a brig of 200. We
shall disburse at least $20,000 here, and after all we
shall have nothing. The natives say they will not raise
as the present Government exists.
anything so long
Before the French came here I am told that 50 whale-
ships could refit and recruit at the same time with ease.
The laws of the port are not calculated to encourage
commerce.

" I should recommend all sailing craft to go straight
to Sydney, west of the Fejees ; touch at Honolulu,
where everything can be had cheap and in one day, and,
if necessary, at the Fejees or Navigators, where two

[PRICE SD.

days are sufficient to get all that is wanted. Here
nothing can be had but water."

A letter dated Tahiti, from the same source as
the above, says :
"Tahiti is a lovely place, and, without dispute, the
gem of the Pacific. You can stroll for hours through
the beautiful orange groves, and the delicious perfumes
that are wafted on every breeze remind one strongly of
the Paradise described in Scripture. The natives of the
islands, both male and female, are ,much given to dissi-
pation. The stringent laws of the French bear heavily
on the poor natives, who at present entertain a feeling
of bitter animosity against their foreign rulers. This
may at no distant day result in an outbreak. The
French have erected a good fort commanding the en-
trance to the harbour, and have a frigate of 48 guns,
and one war steamer, now anchored here with a military
force of about 300 on the island. The French officers
are very gentlemanly in their demeanour towards Ame-
ricans generally. Since my arrival here I have dined
with all the civil and military functionaries of the island,
and to-morrow have art invitation to dine with Queen
Pomare and his Royal Highness, her husband. He is a
fine-looking old fellow, but appears somewhat careworn,
and evidently feels his degradation. There are about
15 vessels in this port at present, most of them French."

COMMERCIAL.
Business at New York was reported to be gene-
rally dull at the Arctic's departure, and money
was obtainable on even easier terms than men-
tioned in the last advices. In the Stock Market
also considerable dulness continued to exist.
The report of the condition of the market for
breadstuffs was more satisfactory, greater activity
existing, and prices consequently showing a dis-
position to improve.
_ :The -unfavourable condition of the Cotton Mar
ket, stated to exist at the departure of the last
steamer, was reported as still continuing at New
York when the Arctic left.
In the Provision Market no improvement in
business was reported to have taken place, but few
transactions having been effected since our last
advices.

In freight there was no change to report.
Foreign exchanges were in moderate demand,
but firm. Bills on London, 1091.