The Sun.
London, England, 1854-12-08 00:00:00

No. 19,408.]

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MR. KNIGIITON'S NEW WORK,
Now Ready at all the Llbraries in 2 vols., 218.,
TROPICALSKETCHES ; or, REMINIS-
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Just published, price One "Alining,
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• London : Longman and Co.

BRIGHT'S LETTER ON THE WATZ.
_Now ready,
1111 E LETTER of JOHN BRIGIIT,
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London : W. an:l F. G. Cash, 5, Bishopsgate•strc et Without.
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In crown Svo., price Sc. 6d..
STUDIES FROM NATURE.
By Dr. HERMANN M 4SIUS.
Translated by CHARLES BONER, Author of" Chatn.ol.9 Hunting
in the Mountains of Bavaria."

With Illustrations by E. Hasse, of Leipsic. (On the 14th.)
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In post Bvo., price 125., with Portraits,
SOME MEMORIALS of JOHN HAMPDEN,
his PARTY, and his TIMES.

By LORD NUGENT.
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NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF " lIARRY LORREQUER."
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uy CHARLES LEVER.
with Illustrations by 11. K. BROWNS.
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This day Is pnbliAhed,
iVEISCELLANIES, CRITICAL, IMAGINA-
TIVE,LTA. AND JURIDICAL.
(Contributed to " Blackwood's Magazine.")
By SAMUEL WARREN, D.C.L., F.R.S., of the Inner Temple,

One of her Majesty's Counsel.
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A B C RAILWAY GUIDE for the present
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Oa Thursday, the Fourteenth December, will be published, price 3d.,
or stamped for Post, 4d.,
rrn-IE SEVEN POOR TRAVELLERS ;
IL being the Christmas Number of HOUSEHOLD WORDS,
Conducted by CHARLES DICKENS, and containing the amount of
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Office, II; Wellington-street North, Strand; and told by all
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THE CRIMEA.
COLNAMIC3 lIINIENTIC SERIES.

SKETCHES at the SEAT of WAR
by OFFICERS engaged In her Majestrs Service.

CONTENTS PUBLISHED EP TO TOTS DATE,

Sevastopol, by Liut. M. O'Reilly, R.N., sells 7s. 61—Bombard-
ment of Sevasto by Lieut. M. O'Reilly, R.N. (just ready), sells
12e —Bombardment of Odessa, by Lieut. M. R.N., sells ss.
—Balakiava, by Lieut. M. O'Reilly, R.N., sells ss.—The Loss of the
Tiger, by Lieut. Dunne, R.N., sel s 33.—Varna, by Lieut. Mansell,
R N., sells —The Battle of the Alma, from the Sea, by Capt. Gordon,
R E., sells ss,—The Battle of the alma, from the Land, Lieut. Bre-
din, R.A., sells B:.—lleights and Bay of Alma, by Mr. Breeker, 2d
Master 11.11.5. Spitfire, sells 3s.—Siego of Sevastopol, Captain Bid-
dulph, R.A., sells 3s.—Siege of Sevastopcl, Lieut. Thorold, 83d
Regt., sells 3s.
PAUL and DOMINIC COLNAGIII cad CO., 13 and 14, Pall-Mall
East, Publishers to her Majesty, beg to state that they are anxious
to add to the above series, and towards that rurposo they will be
happy to treat with all parties who possess authentic Sketches riled-
ing to the War.
Country Agents fur the sale of the above wanted. References
required.

STRICTURE OF TIIE URETIIR t.
Just Published, price 55., by post, free, Os. 6d..
'r HE PATHOLOGY and RATIONAL
TREATMENT of STRICTURE of tho URETFIRA ; with
numerous Cases illustrative of every variety of Urethral Obstruction,
and their special Modes of Treatment and Cure.
By F. B. COURTENAY,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
"We know of na man to whose care we could with Ireatsr confi-
dence entrust the treatment of a severe case of stricture of the ure-
thra."—Medical Circular.

DR, CULVERWELL ONINDIGES NERVOUSON.NESS, DEBILITY, AND
TI
Also, on Urinary Derangements, Constipation, and limmorrholds, Is.
each, by post le. 6d.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
" Abstentia multi cnrantur morbi."
I popular exposition of the principal CA,USeS (over and careless
feeding, &c.) of the above harassing and distressing complaints,
with an equally intelligible and popular exposition of how we should
live to get rid of them ; to which is added, diet tables for every meal
In the day, and full instructions for the regimen and observance of
every hour out of tko tvfenty•four. Illustrated by numerous
cases, &c. 2.
LIGHTS AND SHADES OF MARRIED LIFE. _
He which that bath no wif, I hold him lost,
Helpless, and all desolat. He that hath no child,
Like sun and winde."—Chaucer.
Subject : Marriage, its expectations and Necessities—Development
of the Affections—Love Matches—Precipitate, impelled, and retarded
Unions—Marital Incongruities—Mutual Unsuitableness—Mental
Incompatibility and Physical Defectiveness—Advantages of Inter-
marriage—Theory of Gestation—Hereditary Resemblance—Mode of
determining Legitimacy. On Infelicitous, Infertile, and all Unas-
similable Alliances—La .w of Divorce, &c., &c.

3.
CHASTITY AND ITS INFRINGEMENTS.
A Lecture to Young Men.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
Subject : Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. Tho advent
of the passions. Chastity and its infringemeat. The casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages, &c.

/L T u

-,-

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 8,!1854.

T° THE ELECTORS of the BOROUGH of
MARY LE B ON E.

• GENTLEMEN,
I must in the first place condole with you on the premature de-
cea,e of our late lamented rcprcsentaiive, whose self-sacrificing
liberality and philanthropy have identifinit till 'name of Due•ley
;quart with hatred of oppression and sympathy with distress.
Having been unexpect«lly honoured with an-invitation from a
meeting of electors to make a statement of my political opinions,
with a view to being proposed as acandi.laf.s for yoar boronzh, I lost
no time in doMg so. And I ant happy to fled thatthe answer I have
rinee given to &deputation, in further explanation Of my sentionentA,
both upon political matters in general, - and upon the all-important
qn,stion of the war, has led to my rmiving trout many nuart,rs
assurances of influential support if I should allow thyself to be put in
nomination.

IT:picr these circumstances, I have determined to solleit the
honour of your suffrages.

Tao public questions are few, indeed, on which, in the course of
fifteen years, I have not pronounced an opinion, whether by my votes,
my speechee, or by Nv-ritings. I Waal), ho eve*, be happy to, answer,
to the best of my ability, any further inquiiieT you may think fit to
?ut to me.

Rut I can give no pl:dge beyond that of my past public life. If
I cannot be rau-ned as ao 01.lependcot reprevntative, I will not be
returned at all. I never hate sat, and L neverwil.lsit, on any other
terms; and I would snbmit to you that!:. v,-ko.eottld be capable of
sacrificing his convictions for the sake -of your votes, would be, on
any c.o.lvo:lie:lt occasion, equally capable of sacrificing your interests
is h's own.

4.
On Secret Diseases, their Self-management and Curd.
The GREEN BOOK.—A comprehensive and popular exposition
of genito and urinary diseases—their nature and treatment, com-
prising especially primary and secondary symptoms, all forms of
urinary derangements, stricture and spermatorrhcea ; with 250 en-
gravings and prescriptions.

The BLADDER, URETHRA, and RECTUM.—Comprising
Urinary Derangements. Constipation, and llmmorrholds.
Vols. 6 and 7, companions to the preceding.
THE ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. HOW TO BE HAPPY.
" Jucunde Vivere."
"Few words to fair faith."—Shakespere.
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or of
DP. RICHARD CULVERWELL,

Brother, Successor, and Twenty Years Consulting Colleague of the
late Author of the above, 10, Argyll-place, Regent-street, London,
who may be advised with on the above matters daily, from Ten till
Five, and in the evenings, from Sevea till Nine.

of . war, and its strength,. the resistance it has
offered to our, attack now fenderi its reduo-
tion an object of -tenfold. importance. We
hold 'it to be totally impossible to regard the
security of the East as established while a Russian
fortress and a fleet exist in a: position where they
tali only serve for pUrposes of aggression. It can-
not for a monient be supposed that the Allied
Powers will consent to desist from the vast enter-
prise"in which they ,aare engaged upon any terms
short of tilasurrender and demolition of Sebastopol
for till that has been accomplished nothing has
been done for the permanent settlement of these
momentous .questions ; and we must also be in a
condition to require that no such armaments and
fortifications shall again menace the inland shores
of the Turkish dominions.

If you do mo the great honour of approving me no the tried
friend of civil, religious, and commercial freedom- as the pro-
moter of good local self-government, and of that efficiency in local
administration which is the only true econom►,—as the supporter
of extended franchise and gcnocal education—and as the advocate
of the present jug and necessary war—a War undertaken, in concert
with our brave French neighbours, for the purpose of checkteg the
encroachments of despotism, and of ultimately, .with God's bless-
ing, conquering for Europe a cafe and honoureble peace; if, ably°
all, you feel with me that we ought to strain every nerve to succour
effectively and at once cur tstruggling forces In the Crimea. the
wasted sarvivors of that gallant army, so lately embarked Irons oar
shores with the-pride of health, of equipment, and of munbere ;'if
you agree with me that we are bound to reinforce and refit, without
stint, that sadly diminished band of her .es, whose noble prowess and
ill-requited humanity, whose devoted obedience and uncomplaining.
endurance make us proud of the name of Englishmen, but whose
losses, privations, and sufferings it makes our hearts bleed in the
midst of our exultation to think upon ;--
If, on these terms and with these sentiments, you place me in the
proud position of your Representative, I shall endeavour to nterit
your approbation, and testify my gratitude by a diligent attention to
my public duties and a sedulous promotion of your local interests.
I have the honour to be, Gentlemen,
Your obedient Servant,
Grosvenor-square, Dec. 7, 1814. EBR INGTO.N.

Such we conceive to be the minimum, of the con-
ditions now -required of Russia as preliminaries of
peace ; and, although they may not include all
that may be dethanded, a peace on such terms
would destroy all pretemiions put fort-arcl by Ilan-
sia, and would afferd solid guaranteesfor the future.
progress and tranquillity of :the East. Is it, then,
to be anticipated that the Emperor Nicholas will
yield to these terms ? In sober reason and mere
prudence it were well for hini if he did so. He can
at no time expect more favourable conditions. The
number of his antagonists-increases, and as yet they,
have net pc.i.t ferth half their' strength. He wages
that fatal combat of one against all, in which sue-
ceSs is impossible ; • and if d. armies sue-
ceedin islfasp,' it will
118—perinauently lost to his empire. The longer the
struggle is continued, the deeper and the more
certain his loss. But, on the other hand, he has
still enormous military resources, the flower of his
nligiasgepwer has not beenli and, though his
pridearmies
has has
bheoetnyne.to
übnedeend
crushed, by defeat. He has throughout misjudged
the strength and determination of Europe ; his re-
sentment against his former allies inflames his pas-
sions and controls his policy ; and, When a sove-
reign of absolute power stands between the two
alternatives which are now before him; the course
he resolves to take is usually the boldest and the
worst. For these reasons we- believe that war on a
.more extended scale, and not peace, will arise out
of the present conjuncture of affairs.

RUSSIA AND THE TVESTERIir POWERS.

,(From the limes.)

A note, r.ddressed by Count Nesselied° to the
Russian Minister at Berlin about a month •ago,
will be found in another part of our columns, in
which the Russian Cabinet signifies its consent to
take part in negotiations for peace upon the basis
of the Four Points, modified to suit the views
of the Court of St. Petersburg. About ten days
later, and after the result of the battle of 'nicer-
man was known by the Czar, the Austrian
Minister at St. Petersburg was informed that
the Russian Government was disposed to accept
the Four Points without these modifications. In
both cases it is evident that the real object of the
Russian Cabinet in making these declarations was
to obtain from Germany " a neutrality supported
with firmness and perseverance ;" but in both
cases the manoeuvre seems to have failed, for even
Prussia was not restrained from concluding the
additional article to her treaty with Austria, and
Austria proceeded without any further delay to
complete her treaty with the Western Powers. It
is evident therefore that the German States.theme
selves regarded this qualified adoption of the four
articles as an insincere or insufficient concession,
which was intended merely to disar in and 'divide
them, without any substantial compliance with the
just demands of the belligerent Powers.
The question, however, is not yet irrevocably
decided ; and it is undoubtedly still open to the
Emperor of Russia to declare in the course of the
present month that he does absolutely, and
without equivocation or reserve, accept the Four
Points as they aro understood by the three
Allied Powers. There is, of course, no war—
unless it be a war waged in a spirit of vin-
dictiveness or of conquest—which may not be
terminated at any given moment by the sub-
mission of one of the contending parties to terms
imposed by the other. It is within the range of
possibiiity, though not of probability, that the
Emperor of Russia may conceive the moment of
submission to be come, since any further delay
must lead to the conclusion of an offensive and de-
fensive alliance between Austria and the Western
Powers, and augment the perils which surround his
empire. We may therefore reasonably inquire what
is the extent of the terms now demanded by the
Allied Courts, and what is the probability that the
Emperor of Russia will yield to thorn ?
The four conditions contained in the Notes of
the Bth of August were necessarily and intention-
ally expressed in language which left room for great
latitude of interpretation, and their precise effect
remained to be settled by further discussion and
negotiation. At the present time, however, no
such vagueness of expression can be allowed to
subsist, and wo have no doubt that the Allied
Governments have clearly and decidedly stated to
each other their whole intentions. Holding in the
first place, that all the former treaties between
Russia and the Porte are abrogated by the state of
war, their first object must be that no such separate
conventions or treaties should be renewed, inas-
much as the stronger Power always had the means
of interpreting them to the disadvantage of the
weaker State. As long as those treaties were in
existence Russia had an exceptional position to-
wards the Ottoman empire, and the Sultan was
not included in those general provisions which
embrace and protect the family of European
States. On this point, then, the axe is laid to
the root of the tree, for the ascendancy of Rus-
sia over Turkey bad been obtained by these
treaties, the growth of 80 years of encroach-
ment and intrigue. Prince Menschikoff was sent
to crown the work by his demands, but he over-
threw the whole fabric. Together with the treaties
between Russia and the Porte, the separate acts
and conventions establishing the influence of
Russia in the Danubian Principalities must be
hold to be extinct, and the future condition of
those fertile provinces is open to deliberation.
Russia declares that she is ready to adopt the
principle of a joint guarantee of the civil and re-
ligous right of the Christian populations of the
Ottoman empire, to be given by the five great
Powers, on the faith of the assurance repeatedly
proclaimed by the Western Powers in the course of
this struggle, that they are resolved to secure the
amelioration of the condition of the Sultan's Chris-
tian subjects. We have always regarded, and we
still regard, the improvement of the condition of
the Christian populations as one of the grand ob-
jects of the interference of the Christian Powers in
this quarrel, for the only practicable mode of aug-
menting the resources and of reforming the institu-
tions of the Ottoman empire is to make its Chris-
tian inhabitants contented' instead of disaffected
subjects. Lord Clarendon has repeatedly stated,
both in Parliament and in his despatches, the para-
mount importance this country attaches to that
just and necessary change ; but there is a broad
distinction between this general principle recog-
nized by all the Powers, and the exclusive protec-
torate claimed by Russia over the great branch of
the Christian Church in the East, which she
affected to identify with the Russian church. On
this point, then, her change of language is remark-
able, and her defeat would be total. It is not a
little curious that the exclusive protectorate of the
Greek Church, which she made the pretext of this
whole dispute, is now the first thing she professes
to abandon.
The right of free navigation in the Danube has
never been disputed by the Russian Government
in principle, but it has been destroyed or obstructed
in practice by the occupation of the delta under
the Treaty of Adrianople, by the silting up of the
Sulina mouth, and hy the establishment of batteries
and quarantine stations on the right bank of the
river. To secure the exercise of this right, there-
fore, the terms of the third article of the Treaty of
Adrianople must be altogether changed ; the whole
right bank of the stream, down to the Sulina
mouth, must be restored to Turkey, and effectual
measures taken to keep the passage open.
The fourth proposition, which is in truth the
most important and the most difficult to enforce,
was very imperfectly expressed by the Allied
Powers when they stated that they demanded a
revision of the Convention of the Straits. " Rus-
sia," says Count Nesselrode, " would not oppose
the complete abolition of that convention, providde
the Sultan consents ;" and by such a process of r e-
vision Russia would bo the real gainer, for th
same law which shuts the rest of Europe out of th e
Black Sea in time of peace shuts her up within it.
To open the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus is to
place the Sultan in his palace at the mercy of every
ship-of-war that passes before his windows ; and
the fleets of Russia would find their way to the
Mediterranean quite as easily as our vessels would
reach the Euxine. The matter is, kowever, not so
easily settled. The real meaning of this proposi-
tion was and is, as M. Drouyn do Lhuys expressed
it, the limitation of the power of Russia in the
and subsequent events have shown
entiro• free-
dom of access to those waters, but also the (le-
' BrickthatthSe':kj'llies contemplate not only
struction of that huge fleet and fortress against
which our forces by sea and land are at this
time arrayed. If Sebastopol was an object of
jealousy and alarm to Europe and to Turkey be-
fore we knew its extents its eUormous magAzinos

SPECIAL NOTICE.—UntiI March 1, 1855,
E. MOSES AND SON'S Establishments will be closed at
Eight o'clock every evening, except Saturday, when they will bo
open until Eleven o'clock.

(From the Daily News.)

gproOgFre
PbUtEtRhE
TRADE.
sRoAf DthEo. sun
'We are not accustomed
of power, influence, riches, and skill in the
AND
WtEoginTedTtoWsOymTLElMiser7
and the concentration
EAST
of civilisation, manufacture, science, and literature from east to west,
illustrated in the commercial transactions of E.
western nations is
and 'extended over the known world, and
metropolis .
the east of the
f their friends, patrons, and the public, they
Moses and Son. Teir magnificent business career commenced in
There, and at the Parent Esta-
at the west end.
founded a branch
continued to furnish the most seasonable, the
blishment, they have
best Dress for all classes at the most
raost fashionable, and the
at the urgent request o
eco-
nomical prices. Waterproof Dross. Juvenile
Ladies' Ha' its, costumes fer all sta-
Clothing, Uniforms, Liveries,
ui.g.
Man's and the Seaman's clothing
lions and professions. the Wor
at prices never imitated. In
with same industry,
being provided the lc Clothing business,
Winter. Attire, Overcoats. raletots,
had the lead as Hosiers and shirt
E. Moses and Son have long
• hment, New Oxford-
nch Establishment, manufacturers. To the,r Bra
conjunction with the Tailoring and Ready-made .
stre'4, they have added a Hosiery
Department, which cannot be
esmalled for extent,detail, bat which will be
highly appreciated the nobility, gentry, andnovelty,
the public, as such
Hosiery Goods may by
where.
there be selected as cannot be obtained else-
Merchants, Captains, and Emigrants derive the greatest advan-
tages from investments in the Wholesale Clothing,
Boot and Shoe,
and Shirt Department, at E. Moses and Son's.
CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret havin' to guard the
...,
public against imposition,lizying learned that the untradesman-ittm
falsehood of " Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's
the same concern," has been resorted to in many Ifilta)l"s, and for
obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have
No CONNEXION WITH ANY OTHER /1:3138E IN On OUT Or LONDON,
except their own Establishments, as follows :
London City Establishment, 154, 155, 150, and 157, Minories, 84,
85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and 3, Hart-street, all communicating.
Bradrord (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 35, Fargate.

Colonial Wholesale Branch, Melbourne, Australia.
Merchant Tailor, Clothiers, Hatters, itoaiors, Furriers, Boot and
Bhoo Atalora, and General Outfitters for Ladies and (lei Women.
lIIPORTANT.—tibouId any article not, give sati.tfseVon, it will be
oil nr-Llontz
gwui
rl ren
ouz,dt
trODI WlliZit 1;0 iStla;;;;cat tau mado.
-""
The Establishments are closed from suose', on Fridays to sunset
on Saturdays, when bosiness is resumed till 11 o'clock,

The treaty with Austria will. have to " run the
gauntlet," in both Houses of Parliament," on the
first night of the session. Before that eventful
evening it is not probable that any definite, official
account of the contents of the treaty will be allowed
to reach the public. We were enabled, however,
to publish yesterday, in our second edition, some
particulars obtained by our Paris correspondent
from a reliable authority, which will in all proba-
bility be found to be not very wide of the mark.
In our third edition. we published a telegraphic de-
spatch from our correspondent on the Danube,
which seems to show that the treaty has already
borne fruits. Nest week 40,000 Turks, of the
veteran army of the Danube, with one hundred
guns, will embark at Varna and Baltschik for the
Crimea. Mussar Pacha is to superintend the em-
barkation ; and Omer Pacha is to leave Bucharest
in a few days. A decided step of this nature hil-
-1 plies that Omer Paella—who certainly is not in-
clined to repose a blind confidence in Austria—and
his Government are satisfied with the attitude
which that power has now assumed. Only one
Turkish regiment is to be left at Bucharest. A
large proportion of Omer Pacha's forces, which
could be of comparatively little service in the
drowned and muddy lands' of the Lower Danube
during the winter, is to be added immediately to
the Allied armies before Sebastopol. This intelli-
gence will not come unexpectedly upon those who
have been in the habit of perusing the reports of
our corespondent in Bucharest. While the journals
of Vienna, and latterly even the French Moniteur,
have been speaking of an immediate advance by
Omer Pacha's army on Bessarabia, he has con-
stantly warned us not to expect any military opera-
tions in that quarter before March. The nucleus
of what may by that time become au invading army
still stands in the immediate vicinity of the Screth ;
and in the meantime the hostile armaments destined
to work the fall of Sebastopol are rapidly aug-
menting.

.... •-- - . •
A new Book for Autum and Winter. " The Commercial Corn*.
full lists of prices, our syttern et self-measure-
/to., map be had on application, or post-free.
Id l'on pada Francais.
mcoopoiat:" toco.n, taining
Qui si parla Italirno.
Mar *richt man Dantscb. Aqua ea hablii Eapano. •

With regard to what we have reason to believe
are the terms of the treaty itself, we are disposed
to say, with our Paris correspondent, that they are
" much better than it was expected Austria would
assent to." Our correspondent, it will be seen,
speaks with less confidence of the alleged promise
of the Western Powers to maintain Austria in the
integrity of her dominions than of the other pro-
visions of the Treaty. This is the point on which
the public raind. of England is most anxious. It
is a point on which we confess our own apprehen-
sions are not yet entirely removed. We are
assured, however, from a quarter likely to be well-
informed, that England stands entirely free from
any such engagement. Between France and Aus-
tria, it is understood that there is some separate
arrangement with regard to their respective posi-
tions in Italy. This is extremely probable,. and
indeed unavoidable. However much we desire to
see the Italians left entirely to themselves—freed
from the presence both of Austrian and French
armies—that question is not at present on the
tapis. The sovereignty of Austria in Lombardy
and the Venetian territory is a fact which fortu-
nately cannot be called in question. The occupa-
tion of Rome by French troops is also a fact of
some four years' standing. It is better that Rome
should be occupied by French than by Austrian
troops. Indeed, it is probably owing to the pre-
sence of French troops in Rome that the Austrians
do not at this moment hold military possession of
tho whole States of the Church, and that they do
not venture upon any encroachments on Sardinia.
It is quite natural that Austria should insist upon
some assurance .that a force, the mere presence of
which keeps its ambitious projects in
Italy in
check, shall not be employed to weaken its position
there. It is most desirable that no rash or prema-
ture movement on the part of Italian patriots
should take place at the present time, when there
is really no prospect of success ; and this being
the case, there can be no practical harm in an
arrangement between Franco and Austria,
which can have no validity whenever the
state of affairs in Italy undergoes any
material
change. Still it is to be hoped that England is no
party given to such an ephemeral understanding
between the other two Powers.
Those details of the Treaty, with respect to which
our correspondent speaks with confidence, are
briefly as follows :—Russia is to be called upon
immediately to
accept of a peace on the basis of the
Russia
giiip is s
nnfo war
a tor r
in be
four points, as interpreted in the Treaty. This in-
terpretation includes the throwing open of the
Black ea to the fleets of the Western Powers.
thatallowed
ssea,
t andom Fa i nr taani morece and E
thannbo
six .
land are each (as we understand it) to be allowed
the same number. An European port is to be
established either at Batoun or Sinope, as a counter-
poise to Sebastopol: As a guarantee for the free
navigation of the Danube, the fortress of Ismail
and all the Russian forts near the mouth of the
river are to be destroyed. Each of the Five Great
Powers is to protect separately its own subjects in
Turkey ; and the protectorate of the Christian sal;
jects of the Porte is to bo exercised by them ool-
lectively. If these conditions are not accepted by
Russia before the Ist or 2d of January, the Aus-
trian Minister at St. Petersburg is to be recalled;
and if Russia continue obstinate till the 2d of
March, Austria will declare war, send 20,000 men
to the Crimea, and enter Bessarabia with the rest
of its disposable forces.
It is evident, on the most cursory view, that
there are some points in the Treaty, as described
to us, that cannot possibly be permanent. Other
Powers—and in tho foremost rank of these the
United States of North America—will claim the
same free access for their ships of war to the Euxine
that is conceded to the Allies ; and this of itself
will render a modification of the terms of the Con-
vention at an early period inevitable. The joint
protectorate of the Christian subjects of the Porte
will of necessity prove a nullity. The rivalry
of France and Russia, arising out of their respec-
tive protectorates of the Latin and Greek Christians
in Jerusalem would be a faint type of the incessant
wrangling and intrigues to which a joint protec-
torate exercised by two Protestant, two Roman Ca-
tholic, and one Greek Power would give rise.
There never will be any effectual interference with
the internal government of Turkey on the plea of
religion ; and there ought not to be. But it is
scarcely necessary to argue about the efficacy or
or the probable permanence of the Convention be-
tween Austria and the Western Powers. It is in
the last degree improbable that Russia will accept
of peace on the terms proposed. They are offered
to the Czar, ae the Sybil offered all her books in
the first instance to Tarquin. The obstinate pride
of Nicholas • will constrain him to reject the bar-
gain as originally tendered to him, and accept in
the long run a much less advantageous peace at
the price of greater concessions. The importance
of the- Troatylo tho Western Powers toid to Europe

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in ffeneral is that it diStinctlY ties down Austria to
act in our sense to a certain extent. Austria has
placed itself on the rails, and cannot get off again
it must go on further than it at present contem-
plates, or take worse consequences. We have no
great faith in Austria, and we could have wished
a solution of the Eastern difficulties better calcu-
lated to set them at once and permanently at rest
than the terms of the Treaty of Alliance afford.
But the existence of Austria as an independent
State is an obstacle in the way—is a fact that can-
not be got rid of by a coup. de-main, whatever fer-
vent orators and speculative politicians, who re-
construct the European system of States in tl eir
closets, as they would write a historical romance,
may say. A rock that stands in the line of a pro-
jected road or railway cannot be pushed aside by
one effort ; it must bo hewn, and blaited, and re-
moved piecemeal : and so with the obstacles which
the hereditary policy of a State like Austria
opposes to th© most desirable organisation of the
European system of States. The • Treaty with
Austria—unless our information respecting it is
entirely erroneous—is a step in advance ; it places
the Liberals of Europe in a more favourable and
commanding position for further operations than
they had ever attained before. A terrible respon-
sibility will.rest upon any Liberal who would mar
the prospect of so fair a political harvest "by
~
putting in his sickle ere tie ripe.

NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.

The Neptune, 120, Captain Hutton, sailed from Spit-
head at noon to-day for Queenstown, to embark troops
for the Crimea. The Leopard, 18, paddle-frigate, Cap-
tain Giffard, will follow her about Saturday next.
The St. George, 120, Captain H. Eyres, C. 8., was
paid wages in Plymouth Sound by Rear-Admiral Eden
on Tuesday. Every expedition has been used in pre-
paring her for the reception of troops. Bed places and
mess tables have been fitted, and two extra fire-hearths
have been supplied. She has a quantity of Ordnance
stores on board, and was appointed to sail on Thursday
for Queenstown, to embark troops for the Crimea.
The Orion, 91 guns, new.serer line-of-battle ship,
having bad her heavy machinery, masts, and bowsprit
just put into her into the fitting basin it Sheerness, has
been put out, and yesterday preparations were made for
towing
-her to Chatham for further fitment. The African
steam-tug and the Lizard, Lieut. Christopher, were lashed
alongside her. On slipping her from her moorings 'off the
basin, thn wind at the tune was blowing very strong from
the north-west, broadside on her hull, and before the
vessels could get steerage-way on her, she drifted with
the wind and tide foul of the town-pier ; fortunately, the,

. .
tide being low, her keel caught on the cant edge off
the pier, and the damage dose on the flowing of
the tide was trifling. She was at the time under pilot
charge of Mr. J. Milbank, Trinity pilot at this port. The
Master-Attendant, the Assistant Master-Attendant, and
a strong party of riggers, were in attendance ; and, after
some time, succeeded in getting her clear and moored at
the outer moorings off the yard. She forded the For-
midable, guard-ship of ordinary, doing some slight
damage to her, carrying away her starboard, whisker,&c.
The Monarch, 84, Capt. Lyster, sailed yesterday morn-
ing with a splendid breeze from Spithead for Devon-
port.
The Calcutta, 84, Captain James J. Stopford, still re-
mains at Falmouth trying to complete her complement
by getting seamen to volunteer from the merchant ships
calling at that port. She received a draught of 30 men
from the Impregnable, brought round by the Avon
steamer last Saturday, and these, together with six
volunteers she has got during her stay at Falmouth,
make'her crew up to 620 men, so that she now requires
130 men to complete her complement of 750. It is re-
ported that her officers and crew will be turned over to
a screw ship, most probably the Cornwallis, early in
February.
The Melampus, 42, frigate-transport, is under the
sheers at Sheerness. Her lower masts are taken out,
as they were only those of a brig, to make her work
easy from one port to another. Orders have been re-
ceived to fit her with all despatch for a troop-ship.
The Horatio, 22, screw, Commander Jenner, is still
in Sheerness harbour, waiting Admiralty orders.

The Pylades, 21, screw, is in the graving dock at
Sheerness, and ba.i her cappering nearly finished. Many
artisans are working at her, fitting her with all possible
despatch.
The Leopard, 18, paddle, Capt. Giffird, got up steam
in the steam.ba:,in, yesterday afternoon, to prove engines
and boilers. She will haul out to-day.
The Brisk, 14, screw, Commander Curtis, proceeded
from Falmouth on Thursday, for Rio Janeiro and the
Pacific.
The Heels, 6, paddle, is alongside the jetty at Ports-
mouth, receiving her stores, and making every exertion
to comply with her "sudden orders," although we do
not think it possible she can get away before Sunday.
The Dee, 6, paddle, Lieut. Commander Smith, has
gone out of Portsmouth Harbour, snider orders.
The Porcupine, paddle, Lieut.. Commander Jackson,
is in Sheerness Harbour, waiting orders, &c.
The Cuckoo, paddle, is in Sheerness Harbour.

/,---------

i~~~

/~~~~~

[PRICE SD.

./

other officer. As, in some instances, the applications
have been made by colonels who were not at head-quar-
ters,-or not even in Ireland, the money could not be ob-
taMed for the use of the regimens Sometimes the esti-
mates have been signed by the lieut.-colonel, whereas
they ought always to be signed by the colonel of the re-
giment, where their is one in command.—Dublin Even-
Post.
TirrmutT, Dec._ G.—The enrolment of men for the'
Tipperary I.‘lilitia is being carried on with increased
energy within the last week. The recruiting, staff visited
the town of Tipperary on Wednesday-, and were SUOCCSA.
ill in obtaining about thirty volunteers. The class of
men that preeeted themselves were far better than those
that previously came forward, and were it not that an
erroneous impression exists that those who take on would
be drafted on foreign service, a larger number of recruits
would have joineethe gallant corps. The impression,
we refer to is utterly unfounded, as appears from a re-
cent letter of Sir John Young to the llev. Mr. Coneo-
ran, P.P., Tracton, county Cork, on the subject, and
join
we think thet young men anxious to
,should nut
hesitate on this ground to flock to their country's stan-
dard. We learn that there are now about 1550-men en-
rolled for the South Tipperaiy Militia.—Tipperary Free
Press.