The Sun.
London, England, 1853-11-09 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, N OVEMBER 9, 1853.

ANK OF DEPOSIT,
7, St. Martin's-place, Trafalgar-square, London.
Parties desirous of Investing Money are requested to examine the
Plan of this institution, by which a high Rate of Interest may be
obtained with perfect security.
Interest payab to in January and July.
PETE ft MORRISON, Managing Director.
Prospectuse a free on application.

IIFTEENTH PURCHASE OF LAND,
and TWELFTH DRAWING of the CONSERVATDe E LAND
SOCIETY.—On THURSDAY, 2rovembee the 17th, at FIitkESIASON'S-
LULL, at 8 o'clock in the evening—Viscount Ranelagtt in tie chair—
the TWELVTII PUBLIC DiitAWING will take place, previous to
which, explanations of the plan and objects of the Society will be
given. The last purchase just effeeted consists of the well-known
Mansion and Park, containing upwards of 74 acres of land, St. Mar-
garet's, near Richmond, with. a magnificent river frontage, facing
Richmond Gardens. Persons desirous of obtaining rights of choice
on the Society's Estates can do so f y paying up at once shares in
lull, or by purchasing shares of other members already on the order
of rights. The Round Hill P ark Estate, one of the finest situations
In Firighton, and giving votes for East Sussex; will be allotted at the
offices, on Thursday, Nov. 24,1!8.53. Every information will be given
on application to •

CHARLES LEWIS GRUNTISEN, Secretary.
Offices, 33, Norfolk-street, Strand.
Open from 10 to 5 daily, and on Mondays and Frlda3s from 10 to
S o'clock.

PLYMOUTH CHURCH REFORM
ASSOCIATION.
PROSPECTUS of LEC LURES prouosed to be delivered at the
iIOYAL HOTEL, PLYMOUTkI, in 1853.4:-
1853.
N 18.—Rev: T. R. BROOKE, 8.A., Rector of Avening, Gloucester-
shire—" Principles of Church Reform."
N 25.—Rev. JOHN DAYMAN, MA.. Rector of Skelton, Cumber-
" land—" Revision of the Liturgy, so that it may
,bd more
plainly exponent to Proteitant principles."
Dec, 2.—Rev. CARR J. GLYN, M.A., Retor of Witchampton, Dor-
setshire —" Christian Union, the sure fruit of Scriptura:
Church Reform."
Dec. 9.—Rev. IlErsay Ginsos, 8.A., Rector of Fyfleld, Essex.—
" Occasional Offices of the Book of Common
Prayer, in their connectionwith Baptism."

tranl 6.—Rev. W. Rr. LL.D., F.S.A.. Vicar of Brooke. Norfolk—
, "The Constitution, Powers, and Ministry of a Christian
' Church."
Jan. 13.—Rev. E. W. NEEDHAM, Vicar of Litbourue, Northampton-
shire —" The Episcopate."
Jan. 20.—Rev. J. R. PEARS, M.A., Windiesharn, I3agshot, Surrey—
t. Reform in the Political, Social, and Eccie3ia.stica'
_ _

. •
Relations of the Clergy."
Tan, 27.—" Short Papers on various branches of Church Reform
Letters of Adhesion to its Principles, and a D'scussiol
under conduct of the Chats..

DECAYED TEETH AND TOOTHACHE.-
Patronised by Her Majesty and H.R. H. Prince Albert.—Mr,
HOWARD'S PATENT WHITE SUCCEDANEUAI for stopping
Decilyed Teeth, however large the cavity. It is placed in the too h
in a soft state, without any pressure or pain, soon becomes as hard
as enamel, and remains in the tooth many years. Full directions
for use are enclosed. Sold by Savory, 220, Regent•street ; Sanger.
150, and Hannay, 63, Oxford-street : and at 17, George-street.
lla,over-square, and all medicine vendors in the kingdom. Price
2s. 6d.

10. v
/FADING SAUCE, for Fish, Game, Gravies,
RAJjl4ll€B,. Stakes, &c.—JOHN and CHARLES COCKS, tb,
Sole fiteptieters and Manufacturers of the celebrated READING
sAIJCPYtat.,,,; to CAl:mots' the Public azainst the daily frauds prac-
tised. hl-"itarty'per who are offering their spurioui imitations a,
the genuine Reading Sauce. This sauce is patronised and recom-
incrided by most families in the kingdom, and for general use
stands Unrivalled. It is sold by all respectable Fish Sauce Venders.
lie particular in asking for "Cock's Readin: Sauce," which is pre-
pared ONLY by John and Charles Cocks, at their Manufactory, Duke-
street, Reading. All others are counterfeits. Observe the name,
"J. and C. COCKS, Reading," on the seal and label of each bottle :
without this none are genuine.

SECURITY TO EMPLOYERS,

To Secretaries of Put)lic lastltations, Clerks, Station Master+, Rail
way (Mies, Bankers' Clerks, Travellers, and Others.

'TIMES LIFE ASSURANCE and GUARAN-
TKE COMPANY, 32, Ludgate-hill, London. Incorporated
under 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 110.

110NORA.RY PRESIDENTS.

CHA.RLES HINDLEY, Esq., M.P., Dartmouth•house, Westminster
JAMES KERSHA.W, Esq.; M.P., Stockport.
TRUSTEES.
James Alexander Douglas, Esq., 11, Queen-square.
Ambrose Moore, Esq., Endsleigh-street, Tavlstock-square.
James Nisbet, E4q., Berners-street, Oxford-street.
CHAT/MAN—The Hon. Francis Villiers,Derkeley-square.

--
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN—James INTyld, Esq., Charing-cross.
";The Times " Company affords guarantee to persons remilring the
same at the lowest possible rate. and divides four-flths of the profits
Thus, by applying the justly popular principle of mutuality to public
guafantee, the premiums, instead of being a tax upon honesty, be-
coin° a means of saving and investment.
Rates—From 7s. 6d. upwards. No charge for stamps or oatrt•
charges. Au allowance made in the guarantee premium, where a
life assurance and guarantee are combined.
LIFE ASSURANCE.
Life assurance, annuities, and endowments. Payments taken
monthly as well as quarterly, &c. Policies indisputable, save in
cases of fraud. Arrangements can be made with this office to pre-
vent the loss of a policy where the assured is unable, from temporary
embarrassment, to keep up the payments.
H. B. SHERIDAN, Manager.

THE NEW REFORM BILL.

HOW THE QUESTION STANDS, AND HOW IT
• SHOULD BE HANDLED.

This great subject is already " casting its shadow
before." It is beginning to be discussed in all the
principal organs of the press : it is gradually taking
possession of the active mind of the country ; and
it divides with the Eastern imbroglio the attention
and anxiety of the Cabinet. It is to be the grand
question—the chosen battle-field—the especial la-
bour of next session ; and all who are to be actively-
concerned on it,
_whether as agitators or legisla-
tors, as propounders or opponents, are already
setting their ideas in order for the work, and fur-
bishing up their weapons for the contest.
A notable change has come over the public mind
in reference to the topic of Parliamentary Reform.
For many years the interest felt in it had been on
the wane. Special circumstances had placed it in
abeyance. Other questions had thurst it into the
background. The distresses of 1842 ; the tariff
reforms which Sir Robert Peel then inaugurated ;
the long, exciting, and momentous struggle for
free trade ; the Irish famine, with its pregnant
horrors, its solemn warnings, and its rich results ;
the last dying agony of Protection before it sank
into an unhonoured grave, and we " buried our
dead out of our sight"--all contributed to shelve
for a time a question which had once been of
primary and paramount importance: The same
result has been assisted by another series of events.
The enlargement of the field of enterprise and in-
dustry, brought about by the liberation. of our
commerce from its ancient titan-111101s th,f34fective
relief of the overcrowded labour market, consequent
upon the unparalleled stream of emigration which
for the last three years has been flowing from our
shores ; the discoveries of almost fabulous quanti-
ties of gold, which have at once stimulated and re-
warded this wholesale exodus; and the unexampled
prosperity among the industrious, " dangerous,"
and discontented classes, which has resulted from
the combined action of all these causes, have, natu-
rally enough, laid to sleep, if not extinguished,
" Chartism," and all its cognate fancies, in the
minds of those with whom desire for political
change and interest in political discussions are al-
most invariably and exclusively the offspring of
social suffering or physical privation. Hence, when,
at the beginning of last year, Lord John ussell
introduced his abortive and ill-digested proposals of
Parliamentary Reform, they excited scarcely more
attention than a turnpike or a railway bill. The
public at large took no head of their insignificant
details, and felt no mortification at their ignomi-
nious failure.
Now, the aspect of the matter is altogether
changed. Afresh interest has been given to the
subject, and an interest in a great degree of a
novel kind. A general election has taken place,
at which more corruption is supposed to have pre-
vailed, as more has assuredly come to light, than on
any occasion since the great Reform Act of 1832.
Ninety elections have been petitioned against, and
thirty-six members have been unseated for cor-
rupt and illicit practices. Iniquities, which pro-
bably- had long prevailed, have been unveiled to
the astonished and disgusted nation, in hideous
nakedness, and with scandalous profusion. An ex-
perienced election agent on one side has expressed
his conviction that no contested seat could be suc=
cessfully defended were the secrets of the contest
known ; an experienced election agent on the other
side has declared that his only wonder is that a
petition against the sitting member should ever fail.
A Secretary to the Admiralty has been convicted of
using the patronage and influence of his office in
I the most unblushing way to procure votes for the
Government candidate. A Secretary at War—a
member of the late Cabinet—was obliged to resign
his post in consequence of being detected in a
similar, but still more vulgar, misdemeanour, and
" W. B." has had a true bill found against him for
conspiracy to turn the Derby election by syste-
matic bribery, and is now, .with his humbler fellow-
criminals, " out on bail." Every species of corrupt
and undue • influence—the most flagrant and the
most ingenious—is proved or reported to have been
used. Open gifts of money, offers of Government
appointments, promises of empty titles, a judicious
and tyrannical management of " loans" to poor of
embarrassed electors, houses worth 151. let for 101.
to submissive and persuadable voters, menaces from
employers, menaces from customers, menaces from
priests, menaces from landlords--every conceivable
obstacle and every conceivable temptation seem to
have been brought to bear upon the unhappy con-
stituclices, to make them flinch from their ap-
pointed duty and violate their sacred trust. The
people of England stand aghast at this enormous
apocalypse of sin ; members themselves have got
frightened at the danger and sick of the expense ;
even veteran politicians shake their heads, and say
it is " too bad ;" and the aroused public takes
refuge in its usual indefinite resolve that "some-
thing must be done."

What that " something." is to be, no one seems
able to point out. • The most experienced statesmen
and the most crafty intriguers are most at fault.
Those who are new to the subject fancy that a re-
medy may be easily discovered and promptly ap-
plied • those who have grown grey in fighting with
its difficulties are nearly in despair. Every quack
is ready with his panacea : every physician who has
served his time and taken his degree looks grave
before a malady which has baffled so many doctors
and resisted so many drugs.
Thus much, however, has been gained : the sub-
ject has assumed a new attitude—has entered a
new phase. The "five points" of the Charter
have been almost all either merged in, or obscured
by, this one great point. The " extension" of the
franchise has become a question of very secondary
interest to that of its purification. Universal suf-
frage, "complete" suffrage, household suffrage,
annual Parliaments, the abolition of a property
qualification, the payment of members, equal elec-
toral districts—all these demands, once the watch-
words of extreme Reformers, have faded into insig-
nificance, or been lost in the distance, or are swal-
lowed up by the one absorbing consideration of the
prevention of intimidation and corruption. The
ballot alone, as bearing on this great object, retains
something of its former prominence ; but even this
topic stands in a very different position from that
which it formerly occupied. The task to which our
legislators have to address themselves is very dif-
ferent now from what it would have been seven or
eight year ago ; the immediate object in view is
other than it was—the urgent evil to be remedied
is no longer the same.
Another variation has come over the question.
The problem to be solved has changed ; the condi-
tions of the problem are changed also. Not only
do we look at Parliamentary reform from a differ-
ent point of view, and with a wider scope of vision,
but nearly all parties, we think, will approach it
in a more candid temper, and with modified opi-
nions. The clamour of the masses for a general
participation in the suffrage—always more or less
factitious, except in periods of severe distress—has
quite subsided ; those among them who still retain
their interest in politics are much more anxious for .
good government and good laws than for a share in
administrative or legislative functions. They feel
that, if not fully represented, they are at least
heard, considered, attended to, thought for ; they
cannot pretend to think they are oppressed ; they
cannot regard ;themselves as neglected ; they can-
not be made to feel that they are over-taxed. All
the declamations of their demagogic misrepresen-
ters and misleaders are powerless to blind them to
the fact that, for some years at least, the main
business of rich and titled philanthropists has been
to .search out their wants and mitigate their
grievances ; the main toil of Parliament, to remove
burdens from their shoulders and fetters from their
limbs. They, therefore, can approach the subject,
if not without prejudice, at least without passion.
The upper and governing classes, on their side, can
approach it without the distortion arising from a
timid or a guilty conscience, from the consciousness
of having an untenable position to defend, unre-
dressed wrongs to atone for, orlill-gotten and un-
merited possessions to disgorge. They can now
really and honestly consult for " the public good,"
without fearing that the public good may be their
private loss. They feel that their intentions are
truly genbrous and honest ; and they can, there-
fore, speak plainly and act boldly. They are—in
preponderating measure—Liberals and Reformers
at heart. At the same time, it cannot be gain-
said or overlooked that the events of 1848 and the
subsequent years have greatly strengthened the
conservative spirit among all classes ; many, who
before that date coquetted with Democracy, have
returned to their earlier and safer love ; a reaction
towards the old and the established has become

general and manifest, and will be invaluable if it
be not carried too far ; while every abuse that has
been swept away, every injustice that has been
abandoned, every amelioration and purification
that has been introduced, has substracted from
the ranks of the frondeurs, and added to those
of the contended—has cooled the advocates of
change, and strengthened the votaries of re-
sistance and of pause. The present moment,
therefore, is on many accounts peculiarly favour..

menoa able
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, of
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CabinetT
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tude merits, and as their character demands. There
frwriaotillend caution of another, and the hampering
pledges of a third ; but all these can and must be
' overcome. Our Ministry is at once conservative,
liberal, and comprehensive in its structure ; we
have a right to expect from it a conservative, libe
ml, and comprehensive measure. There are, how-
ever, three considerations which we are especially
anxious to impress upon the Government.
First. The subject must• not be approached in a
niggard and reluctant spirit. They must not have
the air of taking up Parliamentary reform merely
to redeem an unlucky and repented promise. They
must not frame their measure so as to disturb as
little and retain as much as possible. They must
not aim at giving general satisfaction by granting a
small instalment of each demand. They must not
attempt to compound by paying two or three shil-
lings upon every alleged debt which may be pre-
sented. Every claim must be strictly scrutinised,
and every just claim must be paid in full, and
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and no appearance even of a desire to get off by a
moderate lowering of the qualification,
,a partial
disfranchisement of rotten boroughs, a languid on-
slaught on corruption. If the ,country is todeel
confidence; and the measure is either to earn or to
deserve success, it must be made obvious that
Ministers have none into the question heartily,
zealously, and with a single mind.
Secondly. The bill which is to reform the vital

organ of the state must be no superficial, scanty,
or ill-considered enactment. It must be careful,
complete, and statesmanlike. The subject must be
looked at as a whole ; the entire apparatus must be
revised. Our legislators must not be content with
putting in a patch here, scratching out a blot there,
oiling a wheel in one place, enlarging an opening
in another. They must not dream of merely allow-
ing a pound or two in the rental franchise, or
transferring members from a few villages to a few
cities. Such an abortion would cover them with
contempt, and overwhelm them with defeat. They
must take a wide survey of the whole question ;
they must examine how far the House of Com-
mons has wandered from its original and from its
fitting functions ; they must ascertain in what
points and in what degree it is not a fair represen-
tative of the sense and feelings of the nation ; they
must discover where injustice is committed, and
where danger is incurred ; they must be prepared
to estimate at their real insignificant value some of
those schemes which have, by a sort of habit, be-
come the watchwords of democracy, and to drag
to light some apparently slight and unthought-of
alterations, which may work the mightiest results.
Keeping ever in mind that Parliament is a means,
and not an end ; bearing unceasingly in view the
great purpose of all forms and organs of govern-
ment—namely, to maintain the rights, to guaran-
tee the liberties, to secure fair and full attention
to the interests of all—they must test every pro-
posal from without and every suggestion from
within, by its fitness to promote the end desired ;
they must sacrifice nothing to a fanciful and super
ficial symmetry ; they must look beyond the dog-
matic conclusions of arithmetic, and sternly re-
fuse to be tyrannised over by the Rule of Three.
A shallow and democratic measure would be unpo-
pular with the country, and would be rejected
by the Lords. A timid, tentative, and pettifog-
ging one would be scouted by the Radicals, and
would be felt by every one to be both valueless and
disappointing. But a measure which showed a
wide grasp and a perfect mastery of the whole
question—a measure which, by its sagacious adap-
tations to the nation's needs, its deep sympathy
with the people's feelings, and its profound appre-
ciation of political dangers and political require-
ments, proclaimed at once the heart of a just, and
the mind of a philosophic, statesman—a measure,
in a word, which should be to reform. what Mr,

Gladstoness Budget was to finance, • and more,
would override or silence all opposition; and would
be carried triumphantly through Parliament by
the acclamations of the country. We are firmly
convinced that it would be possible—and not even
very difficult—to frame an enactment which while
putting aside alike the prejudices of the Tory and
the watch-words and war-cries of the Radicals,
should so approve itself at once to all classes of the
community, as a vast and obvious and most pro-
mising amendment of existing deficiencies and evils,
as to command the most signal and almost instan-

taneous success. Have we statesmen to frame such
a law, and a Cabinet with enough faith and courage
to adopt it, as that by which they will stand or
fall, live or die—splendidly succeed, or nobly fail ?
Thirdly. The new Reform Act should be one
that will last. It should either be conclusive and
final in itself, or contain within itself the arrange-
ments for future self-adaptation to the varying
wants and claims of a progressive community.
We cannot afford to have this question con-
stantly on the tapis. We cannot afford the
loss of time, or the irritation of feeling, or the
sense of insecurity, arising from the perpetual
discussion of organic changes. We have enough
to occupy all our sessions and all our energies
for years to come in practical efforts and ad-
.

ministrative improvements, without mooting fun-
damental questions. Every day spent in dis-
puting or discourc4inc, upon these is an amendment
lost, a benefit delayed. When we consider the
numberless matters of foreign policy which press
for attention and for settlement ; the vast colonial
interests still to be fathomed and provided for; the
whole system of criminal jurisprudence requiring
to be ventilated and arranged anew ; the sanitary
condition of masses of men clamouring for revision

and purification; the education of the people still
an unsolved perplexity, an unfulfilled duty—we
long to get Parliamentary reform for ever out of
our way, in order that we may apply ourselves
" with all our heart, with all our soul, with all

our mind, with all our strength," to the vast pro-
blem of discontented dependencies and oppressed
allies—of infants growing up to inevitable crime—

of poisoned bodies- and lost souls—all waiting till
we are at leisure from disquisitions on the borough

franchise and squabbles about delinquent elector-s.
—Morning Chronicle Correspondent.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

SECOND TRIAL OF NE WALL'S RAILWAY

BREAK.

The second trial trip en the East Lancashire Railway
on Monday, for testing the efficiency of this break was
more systematically conducted, and its results have been
ascertained with greater accuracy. The gentlemen in-
vited to take part in the experiments were Mr. W. Fair-
bairn, C.E., Manchester ; Mr. Trevithick, locomotive
engineer of the London and North Western line at
Crewe ; Mr. Hurst, locomotive engineer on the Lanca-
shire and Yorkshire line ; Mr. Cawkwell, manager of
the Lancashire and Yorkshire ; Mr. Worthington, en-
gin&er of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway;_ Mr.
Eborall, manager, Mr. Perring, engineer, Mr. Lees,
locomotive superintendent, Mr. Broughton, goods-
manager; and Mr. Smithett, secretary, of the East Lan-
cashire Railway ; and Mr. Newell, the patentee. In
addition to these gentlemen there were present
Rawson, director of the London and North Western
Company, and the following members of the board of
the East Lancashire :—Mr. T. Dugdale (chairman), Mr.
J. Riley (deputy chairman), Mr. W. T. Blacklock, Mr.
J. Robinson Kaye, Mr. J. Holt, Mr. W. Fenton, Mr.
James Pilkington, M.P., Mr. R. Hopwood (mayor of
Blackburn), Mr. W. Leaf, and Mr. Thomas Ashton.
A much larger train was used than on the previous
occasion, consisting of 10 carriages, besides the locomo-
tive and tender, eight of which had breaks attached.
Length of train 86 yards ; weight, 88 tons, exclusive of
passengers. Order of carriages attached to engine and
tender : —l. Van with break ; 2, second-class carriage
with break ; 3, composite carriage with break ; 4, com-
posite with break ; 5, second-class carriage with break •
6 and 7, first and second class carriages with break;
and 9, two composites each with breaks ; 10, van with
break. Of the nature of the apparatus it is only neces-
sary to repeat that a shafting with connecting rods
stretches along over the top of the entire train from the
elbow of the engine driver to the hand of the guard
behind (with flexible joints and sockets to accommodate'
curves, expansions, or contractions of the train), and
that it is in the power of either of these, or of any one ser-
vant on the train, whichever may have the greatest pre-
sence of mind, on the alarm of danger, to apply the
whole of the breaks in a moment. The trial ground ex-
tended over the 30 miles of rails between Manchester
and Blackburn • the experiments being seven with the
new breaks, and two with the old breaks, for the sake
of comparison.
First Experiment.—On a slight curve on a down incline
of 1 in 532, at Within's-lane, between Ratcliffe and
Bury, the speeds attained, when the fog
s persl hour—the
signal for put-
ting
on breaks exploded, being 3
train was brought to a completeB mile
stand in 218 yards.
Rails rather slippery, owing to a fog.
Second Experiment.—On a level at the station at
Bury. Speed 40 miles per hour. Train brought\ up in
100 yardo jo other words, the train ran only 14 yards

r PRICE 5De

beyond its own length after the signal was given to put
on the breaks.
Third Experiment.—On a descending gradient of lin
38, down the first part of the Accrington-bank, 21 miles
north of Manchester. Speed 40 miles per hour. Train
pulled up in 450 yards.
Fourth Experiment.—On lower portion of Accrington-
bank, with a descending gradient of 1 in 40, speed 43
miles per hour. Train brought up in 371 yards. This
experiment was regarded as highly satisfactory. The
rails were rather slippery, and the weight of the engine
was unfavourable to the experiment, the locomotive
being a ponderous one, made for a goods train, and not
having breakage power to the tender sufficient to stop
itself on such an incline, a fact showing how much the
engine had dragged at the train after the patent breaks
had exerted force enough to-have stopped it, was seen in
the draw-bars of most of the foremost Carriages being
drawn out from 10 to 20 inches. It WAS a matter of
surprise to some of the old servants accustomed to work
trains down this bank, that a train at such a speed could
be stopped by any possible means.
Fifth Experiment.—On the straight and level run at
the Blackburn station. SPeed,4B miles pershour ; rails
dry. Train stopped in 172 yards.'
To witness the last and following experiments the
company had alighted and stood on the station plat-
form. The train was taken a few miles back each
time towards Accrington, in order that a very high
speed might be attained. A fog signal on the rails
at the middle of the station was the notice to apply the
breaks.

Sixth Experiment.—Speed 40 per miles per hour.
Stopped in 138 yards, or about 14 seconds of time.
Seventh Experiment.—Speed 56 miles per hour.
Stopped in 310 yards. (The actual distance run by this
train was 328 yards ; but, as the last 128 yards were on
a decline of 1 in 110, the 18 yards were deducted fcr the
sake of a comparison with the previous experiments to
allow for extra gravitation.)

Eighth Experiment.—For this experiment two of the
patent break carriages were taken off, and two other
carriages were substituted with the old or ordinary
breaks. The train then came into the station at a speed
of 42 miles per hour. There were two guards, and each
applying abreak, and the driver applying the break to
the tender, the stoppage of the train was intrusted to
these three. The train went a distance of 663 yards
before a stoppage could be effected. Allowing 43 yards
for the disadvantage of the slight incline over the last
463 yards, the distance was agreed to be taken at 620.
By a calculation made on the spot, it was held that,
comparirb, the speed of this train with the previous one,
it ought to have been stopped in 182 yards instead of
683. In other words, the balance in favour of the new
break train, as compared with a train having ordinary
breaks was the difference between 180 and 620.
Ninth Experiment.—This was the last trial made, and
it was agreed to try the train with one ordinary break
in addition to the enginedriver's break. Speed 40 miles
per hour. Stopped in 861 yards ; or, allowing 61 yards
for extra gravitation after reaching the incline, the dis-
tance was taken at 800 yards.
Taking this last experiment in comparison with the
sixth, we have two trains at equal speed (40 miles), and
the one is brought to a stand by a single person with the
new apparatus in 138 yards, while the other runs 800
yards before it is stopped by the exertion of two persons
the guard and driver. The scientific and practical men
present, without exception, expressed themselves highly
gratified with the results. Mr. Fairbairn, said, without
pledging himself after an inspection such as he had now
been afforded to an approval of every detail of the in-
vention, he would say that, so far as he could see, it
was a very successful one, and he thought it was likely
to lead to a change that was not important to this com-
pany alone, but to the locomotion of the whole king-
dom. It had one important feature ; that it could
throw the whole weight of compression by the breaks
on every carriake and every wheel of the train at once.
He did not know if any slight change might be neces-
sary to prevent the breaking of axles, or torsion (be-
cause a good deal of careful observation was necessary
to determine that) ' - but he looked upon the experiment
I on the Accrington bank, where a train was brought up
on a descending incline of 1 in 40, in such a very short
distance, as an extraordinary result. He believed with
the ordinary breaks that train could not have been
materially arrested, and must have run through the
station (a mile below) at a speed of 35 miles per hour.
He believed it was an improvement worthy of the atten-
tion not only of this company, but of every other railway
company in the kingdom. The experiments at Blackburn
were equally satisfactory, for it was of great importance
that they bad now an instrument by which they could
bring a train to a state of rest, at the entrance of a
station, from a speed of 40 or 50 miles in 300 yards, or
in little more than one-third of the space that would be
required by the ordinary means. He believed it would
be an instrument of great economy, because, to say
nothing of preventing loss of life and limb, it would
save the destruction of much property, which always
took place when there was a collision. Mr. Trevithick
spoke very highly of the invention, observing that he
had never seen a.train brought up in less than double
k-the- distance he had to-day, or even in that.
The other gentlemen all added their approving testi-
mony.

It was stated that a train with the new apparatus had
been on this line from the 15th Sept., travelling a total
of 5,874 miles, and making 2,85 G stoppages, without
the machinery once getting deranged or requiring re-
pair, and that the wheels of the carriages in the 4ime
were little worn, while those with the ordinary breaks
would have been worn flat in places to an extent re-
quiring 3-Bths of an inch turning off by the lathe, in
diameter to bring them round, or into shape again. The
power of the breaks has been known on level line to
bring the train to a stand, in spite of the tractile power
of the engine with full steam on. Another advantage
observed was, that the new apparatus gives perfect com-
munication between guard and driver, as the break need
only be applied in a modified degree to attract the notice
of either ; or, if this was not enough, a bell attached
would render the communication more complete. It
has been suggested that, as there are periodical meetings
of all the great railway authorities in London, their at-
tention should be called to the new agent, and that the
train might be sent up the London and North-Western
line to enable them to test it. .