The Sun.
London, England, 1838-04-27 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONIION, FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1838.

who were Christians, must be employed for the conver-
sion of those who were not Christians ; and might it not
irtcheh ever took place
he true, that after the conve; sion had been effected, and
the machine set a-going, ministers would be employed
at their own charge, for keeping up the religion from gene-
ration to genera.tion. There was a great semblance
of probability for this in much that mightam Isbetelhveessee.exnpTehbnLos.
There
otlfirocuhgrhtsotuetndooumr. ownln
Britainland, andtherion
werethe variousmany hcoutinudtri;,idess
eselitdoinegfarnaocdy.foenedgqf free trade, tahtnei
storinainestiacyr,'e'w' andhearers
of an en tire
between the buyers and the sellers of the market—where Chris-
hoethl perouPtattlitYe—trilihect
Chris-
tian instruction was rendered by the one party, and where its
change,ow°ffellthereg service
euraarynseidceefOl instancesllleprrli
w- asorfender
endowmente db y the
to
theree.
nance of the Clergyman ; and the remuneration for his labour,
price,
not wholeo n farthingprice,
often adequate and respectable, was fully made good to hire by
those who enjoyed the fruits of his instructions. This opera.
tion of demand and supply was often exemplified, both within
and without the Church of England. The voluntary
principle was often exemplified as well within as with-
out the Church establ:shment. The system of free
trade was often exemplified both within and vvith.
out the Church of England. In filmy a successful Chapel,
and many a prosperous Meeting-houso, when, in vie.
toe of a large or wealthy attendance, the produce of the seat-
rents was sufficient both for the payment of the Minister anti
other expenses of the concern—and most assuredly they had
no quarrel with instituting like those, provided only a pure
Gospel was delivered, and that Christian good was done by
them. In whatever way Christ was faithfully and efficiently
preached, it was the part of every honest disciple therein to
rejoice.--(Cheers.) No one could question the undoubtedgood
done in the cause of religion in the proprietary chapels by such
Churchmen as Newton, Cecil, Howell, and Daniel Wilson; or
such Dissenters as Doddridge, Watts, and Robert Hall—.
Hear)--but it followed not, that because tiere was such
fitness in those to supplement the Establishment, there
was also enough efficiency in them to supersede the gs.
tabliShinetit—( Haar, hear)—or that the economy which
was found to succeed within the limits of many
a select and separate establishment of worshippers;
was the proper type of that larger economy, the Object of
which was, to extend the blessings tall thitistian
knowledge over the whole length and breadth of the land.
Of the Chapels founded upon the strict principles:of reciprocal
free trade, but a fortunate few could carry forward their
work in dependence on that system.--( Hear, hear, hear.)
In very many instances, the seat rents, rented Oven
by voluntary offerings, were inadequate to the maintenance of
the Church, and collections had to be made, to which the
public contributed—or journeys undertaken to raise money,
whereby the buildings were to be rescued from their sore
embarrassments.—( Laughter.) So far from the principle of
free trade being supported, the supply of an article being
regulatad by an adequately remunerating price, hardly
was " the prime cost" returned, of procuring the means
of religious instruction.—( Hear, hear, and laughter.)
In numerous cases the deficiency of the pew rents had to be
made up by the contributions of those who had no share in
this instruction. What was received on the one hand
and given on the other, not being in the relation of
equivalent mai ketable exchanges—the remuneration being
partly in the nature of a price, partly in the nature of
a present which, coming from individuals, would be termed
benevolence, and comic g from the State would be termed an
endow ment.—(Cheers. ) But the strongest argument re-
mained behind. Undoubtedly there were hundreds of self-
subsisting congregations in the land, which did exem-
plify the principles of a system of free trade in
Christianity—( Hear, hear)—many composed of merchants or
tradesmen or the best condition of the working classes,
who, without any foreign support, did maintain a
spiritual provision for themselves.--( Hear, hear.) Over
acid above all these, they had many thousands of those
places of worship which, but for the aids either of public or
private benevolence, would have turned out to be so many
failures. They found that in such congregations as fell short
of maintaining their pastors, particularly in some of the poorer
districts of the country, or in towns containing a larger propor-
tion of citizens or labourers, the system of free trade did some-
thing for such congregations, but it did not and could not do it
for all. They should leave all that accrued to the Church in
the shape of seat-rents, and that, therefore, was a proof of the
inadequacy of the system. They had examples every day of
the difficulties under which they laboured—the struggles they
were obliged to make to keep themselves afloat, and their fre-
quent drafts upon the charity of the public. However
commerce might thrive by its native powers, yet it was
not thus with Christianity—it could not upon such a system
be spread and carried forward through the whole length
and breadth of the land. But, as he had already said, the
strongest of all his arguments remained behind. They had
compared the progress of those unendowed chapels so far
down, and they had found, that in the great majority, looking
upon them in the mere light of a commercial speculation,
they could .not be upheld. In all probability they
would never have been built but in the prospect of some ex-
ternal aid. When the question was thus put to the extreme
limit, and whoa the Church was in circumstances of the
greatest difficulty, it would be found that they would serve
amply for the accommodation of those who were decently
fed—the lower of the middle c'asses, and household servants.
But the decisive fact is beyond that limited course which the
chapel undertakers have never ventured, and that because they
were certain it would be met by a dead loss, to scare
them away. In this untrodden fastness there were thou-
sands upon thousands of what might be called the
common people. Notwithst inding a'l that had been done by
free trade and Christian benevolence, that had not been over-
taken. They had thousands and tens of thousands of these
outcasts, common people, svl o could not be allured into those
houses the Dissenters had p ovided, and there was no house
provided by the establishment. What VIA- the reason of that?
Why, because the estabishment was not properly designed to
hold forth Christianity free of charge to the poor.—( Cheers.)
And so it would be found in this surplus territory, whether in
town or cuuntry, that the great bulk of ordinary work..
men were neither Church nor Chapel goers. That
was an assertion that was borne out by every ecclesiastical
survey, which had been made in those places where the Church
was greatly short of the population, and where the free-trade
system had put forth its energies and its powers. Accordingly,
in Glasgow no less than 80,000 persons were not Church-
goers, nor w:.o,:in fact, went to any place of religious
worship.—( Hear.) There were 50,000 of the same de-
scription in Edinburgh, and at least half a million in London,
and there were untold millions in the manufacturing districts
of Lancashire and Yorkshire. Let any private enquirer go
f rrtlr in town or country—in places similarly conditioned as
those which he (Dr. Chalmers) had mentioned, and in-
habited by men who subsisted by handicraft and labour,
and he would often find, that where at least half
the population should be found every Sunday in
the House of God, not one-fourth were to be found there__
more often not one-sixth, or even one-seventh, or even one_
tenth—( Hear)—that is to say, either in the parish church or
in any other house of wurship.—( Hear.) In places where
the population had been doubled, or had accummulated still
mare, no correspondi. g increase of places of worship.
It would invariably be found, that whereas on the principle of
f.tee t .ade there was a corresponding increase of shops fur the
suprly of fool raimen,, but the. Churches, Chapels, and
Schools for Learning fell short.—(Hoar.) The dealers of
those things necessary to life kept pace with the population,
but t'..e dealers in those things necessary to Godliness
fell very far short, b oaring a proportion to the population
of not more than one-fifth, sometimes one-tenth, and not un-
f..equently one-twentieth, when the people were left to them_
salves. The dealers accommodated themselves to the
tastes and wants of their customers, and true it
was that to the single operation of free trade might
safely be left the supply of the physical wants
of human nature ; let a bazaar be opened for the supply of
those things demanded by the ever-recurring calls of hunger,
and multitudes would flock to it, with money in their hands,
to satisfy the eager dealer ; but let a Church be established,
and let its bell on each returning Sabbath toll invitingly, and
it would fail to attract more than a mere handful, arid more
especially if the market price for the accommodation were re-
quired at their hands. Multitudes in its vicinity would hear
the chanting of the psalms within its walls, but they would
not be awakened from their apathy.—( Hear, hear, hear.)
Because of these things there were hundreds of thousands, nay
millions, in our land, left to die in sin. Such was the melan-
choly and unfortunate doctrine which was taught by the
philosophers to the country, and which were sometimes
carried into effect by some misguided statesmen who
themselves, followers of science, had not drunk deep
of Pierian spring. It was well enough that com-
merce should be left to find their own level, and to
adjust themselves according to the demand ; but it was not
well that they should be so lost in Christian matters; if so,
no attnamt would be made either to instruct the
poor or to render them more religious. The benefits
which commerce conferred upon the world were all
provided by the receiver, and so it ought to be
in religious matters. He trusted that the day would soon
come when the enlightened philanthropist, when the en-
lightened patriot or statesman, would acknowledge that the
chief good, and also the most gainful of all public
benefits which could be conferred on this realm, would
be to get the people of all parts to take the les-
sons of Christianity free from all tax ; that they should be
taught the morality of the Gospel, free from all charge, with-
out taking anything from themselves. There was a departure
from all principles of truth when they attempted to liken the
glorious truths of the Bible to the ordinary matters of com-
merce. The best and greatest interests of human society
must not be so trifled with.—(Loud cheers.) After all,
there was not only a great deal of fa'se sentiment
but also a great deal of false arithmetic, whether its expense
should be defrayed in the furtherance of liberality by the
hands of private individuals or from the public treasury. lie
had made use for the first time of the word " cheapness." Ile
would here take leave once for all to confess that he had no
sympathy whatever with what had been called " the spirit of
the age."—(Great cheers.) The very worst effects were to
be dreaded from it. Every thing was made a question of
finance. Science, scholarship, religion, with all that
could grace the inhabitants of the country, were vulgar-
ised and brought down to a common standard—(Hear,
hear)—the standard of the merchant in the counting
house. Some years ago there was a fight as to whe-
ther the trigonometrical survey should be allowed to go on.
But by one vote it was allowed, and would hereafter be looked
upon as a great national index to the guidance of our posterity.
The spirit of the age made one tremble for a fearful re-
surrection of the old Gothic spirit among us, and
made one think we were within a hair's-breadth of
spthesespirit
on
fo bi
the enterprisesage—
ai tag
qunaspshaerdi g
n
4 regime of hard 1114 hunger-bit 011 9oetionv; before

whose - remorseless reign and ravening pruning-hook lay
starved the noblest interests of the commonwealth—a
monster which, under the disguise of patriotism, runs
over the whole length of the land, and cares not
if both religion and philosophy should expire. A
National Estabishment is the Ost expedient for pervading
the general mini abh the lessons of Christianity and it was
not on the principles of free trade, which meant " let alone,"
Laughter)—that those high interests were to be effectu-
ally seeured.—( Cheers.) Having disposed of one boasted
substitute for a religious establishment, that of the economists,
he (Dr. Chalmers) should, in his next lecture, on Tuesday,
endeavour to expound objections to another scheme which
was generally held to be the same as—but which was, in
many respects, essentially different from this that he had
been remarking upon. fie meant—the scheme of the volun-
taries.

The Reverend Doctor concluded amidst loud ani general
cheering.

HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS.

LORD BURGHERSH'S OPERA, 11, TORNEO,
At these Rooms, yesterday, we had the pleasure of witness-
ing an extraordinary spectacle. A crowd of rank and beauty
assembled to hear the first rehearsal of a neW opera by an
English Nobleman; one, however, not more distinguished by
his rank than by his talents,
It was a fearful ordeal to pass through—an amateur sub.
rnitting his work to public criticism, surrounded not only bw
a large portion of the rank and beauty of the fashionable
%mood, but COngregating in his audience nearly all the distin-
guished members of that most critically inharmonious pro-
fession—music.
Our readers are not from this introduction to expect that
•we are about to make any apologies either on behalf of the
Noble Author, or of those who performed his work. Neither
require it at our hands. Right gallantly has Lord Burghersh
passed this fearful ordeal, and gained laurels fur himself which
we cordially wish him long life to enjoy. He has added one
more t 6 the intellectual ertjoymeats of the age.
Il Torneo, or the Tournament, is founded. Ott the following
artoutiksur.
This dratnatit ottbjett refers to the days of chivalry, and is
tattell fl'oin English history. Alfred, brother to Amerigo,
high constable of the kingdom, having been overcame, and
wounded in a duel by an unknown cavalier, was found by Ed-
ward, who came up a short time afterwards, in such a pitiable
state;that, although previously his enemy, he caused him to
be conveyed, by the help of his esquires, to his own castle,
and lavished on him every care that could relieve him and re-
store him to health. Alfred recovered from the wounds he
received in the duel, but his haughty disposition could ill
brook having been humbled by Edward, nor could he endure
to be indebted to him: and, being overwhelmed by this feel-
ing, killed himself in the very room where Edward had re-
ceived him, after having, however, declared in a letter, which
be wrote, that this act of desperation was the effect of his
own free will.

A certain Ethebald, the secret enemy of Edward, was the
first who entered the room in which Alfred was lying dead ;
he saw the paper—concealed it—and then accused Edward as
the murderer of Alfred. Edk, ard, not knowing how to justify
himself under the appearance of so much guilt, was obliged
to save himself by flight from the rigour of the laws, leaving a
young daughter to the care of one of his relations. Alfred
left at his death a son, very young, who was received with
paternal kindness by his uncle, who concealed him and kept
him in ignorance of his origin and of his relations, the better
to protect him from the hatred and the snares of his father's
enemies. When grown up, he presented him at court by the
name of " The Unknown," and entreated the King to pro-
claim a tournament, in which the young cavalier might display
his valour. Edward took advantage of this favourable circum-
stance to return to London, after an absence of fifteen years,
to see his daughter again, of whose fate he was ignorant,
after the death of the relation to whom he had confided her.
The arrival of Edward in London, the day of the tourna-
ment, and the circumstances that led to the discovery of his
innocence, form the plot of the drama.

DRAMATIS PERSON,E.
The King of England
Helen, a Lady of the Court, supposed to
be the Duchess of Seymour's Daughter,
but Daughter to Edward Mrs. H. Btsuor.
Edward, an English Cavalier, exiled as
the supposed Murderer of Albertu's
Father
IvANOFF.
Alberto, surnamed " The Unknown" Miss F. WrNuitakt.
Chorus of Knights and Ladies.
Leader and Conductor ...... Mr. F. CRAMER.
Conductor Mr. C. LUCAS.
Orchestra and Choruses, by the Students, the Associates, and
Professors of the Royal Academy of Music.
A very interesting drama it will be seen the story affords ;
and now we have to deal with " it maestro ;" how has he
performed the voluntary task he has imposed upon himself?
We have not now to do with the Noble Lord, but with the
musician.

Methinks we hear the expression, Oh, the music is very
well for a Lord—and the envious might shelter themselves by
this and similar subterfuges to detract from the merits of the
author. We have no hesitation in stating our opinion that this
opera is not only a work of art, but of great merit, and we
very much doubt whether there is to be found in the host of
those who live by professing music, one in a hundred of them
who could produce any thing as a whole approaching the ex-
cellence of the opera with which Lord Burghersh has favoured
the public. _

The crowded state of our columns prevents us from support-
ing the opinion we entertain of this opera by a detail of the
many beauties scattered throughout ; and we regret this the
less because they must of necessity, from their intrinsic merit,
become very popular. Had we more space wo would select
from the chorusses, from the concerted pieces, and from the
solos, portions of very great excellence ; and from the mein.
dies we might direct attention to sonic of surpassing beauty.
We make only one selection to corroborate this opinion, by
pointing out the 6th scene, the finale to the first Act, in which
beautiful ideas arc in rapid succession developed, This scene
tivaciobrao7in,ccgcc.
,hoaru.ds,i!o‘;
boe.thw!o;ultli'leA)kriint
gdeganlid annitho
no op retnen twoi tdhi
'unknown follows—" To nu choilis is
then resumed, in which the motive on the worao " 0 Stella
the splendi," is charming. A beautiful trio follows, after which
a quartett succeeds these i
words—
Rapido come l vento
Sparito d qui it placer
E it breve meo contento,
assueecneesosred.
Si cangia in for dolor."
inantdhew.
The exquisite beauty of this portion of the Finale elicited
e
dm °wues r applause,ie
We hope to have other opportunities afforded us of hearing
with which the
efforts of oerfatile noble amateur has been crowned.
The " Students, the Associates, and Professors of the
the most unaaili.ii
Royal Academy of Music," the whole performance, vocal and
instrumental, with the single exception of Signor Ivanoff,
being in their hands, deserve the greatest praise for the
manner in which tie), assisted the Noble Lord.
To attempt to give the names of the more distinguished
portion of the audience, would be impossible; but in all pro-
bability it was the most fashionable audience that ever assem-
bled in the rooms.

FATAL AND MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—As
Nlr. Ford, one of the Wesleyan Ministers this town, was
oing with_ Mrs. Ford, on Wednesday, from Spondon to
Borrowash, in a low four-wheeled carriage, drawn by one
horse, on going down Stoney lane it began to kick and ran
away. After a while Mr. Ford requested Mrs. Ford to get
out behind, but she unfortunately either threw herself out, or
was pitched upon her head by the motion of the carriage. Mr.
Ford kept his seat for some time, but apprehending danger at
a turn of the road he threw himself out of the carriage. The
horse galloped on to Borrowash, and stopped at Mr. Towles;'
bosh Mr. and Mrs. Ford were conyeyed to Mr. John Drewry%,
at Spondon,
and we regret to add that Mr. Ford'e ' was
broken, and that Mrs. Ford had received so violent awc-onwt2
sion on the head as to occasion insensibility, which caused
her death about three hours afterwards. Mr. Ford, we are
glad to state, is doing well. An inquest was held on the body
of Mrs. Ford, before Mr. Mozley. Coroner, last night, and a
verdict of accidental death returned.—Derby Reporter.
CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE.—From the following
it will be seen that clandestine marriages may occur in the
the Church itself, nay, that one actually has taken place &Ling
the past week in this town. The banns of marriage between
Mr. Thomas Cox, of Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, and
miss Steer, of Mickleover in this county, were recently pub-
lished in St. Werburgh's Church, (both patties, of course,
being parishioners of St. Werburgh's). On Friday, 13th
April, a couple presented themselves to the Minister, and
were married by him as Mr. Cox and Miss Steer . both were
strangers to the Rev. -Gentleman. No sconer had the newly
married couple left the church to ruminate on the solemnity of
its marriage service, than the real Mr. Cox and Miss Steer
entered, and to the great astonishment of the minister de-
manded that he would marry them, stating who they were.
In vain did he assure them that he had either- just concluded
marrying them, or that they could not be the above-mentioned
parties, the publication of whose banns bad just expired.
They felt nevertheless quite satisfied with their own identity,
and still continued to demand his performance of the cere-
mony. The minister, however, could not be prevailed upon
to comply • he could not marry two couples with one pair of
banns, and after a considerable remonstrance, the disappointed
party left the church and obtained a license, by which they
were married, we believe, in the same church the following
day. By this dishonest proceeding, Mr. Cox was not only
robbed of his half crown for publishing the banns, but was put
to the expense of getting a licence.—Derby Reporter.
MANUIrACTURED CANARIES.—A man, named
John Thompson
has recently been going about Manchester
and neighbourhood, selling sparrows painted yellow, which he
puffs off as canaries. His
practice is to hold the bird in his
hand, letting the head only be visible, and he sometimes states
that he has found it. In several instances he has succeeded I
but he was found out, and a few weeks ago he was brought up
at the New Bailey, and committed for foarteen days. He had I
scarcely got out of prison befor he re-commenced his old prac-
tice; and on the 4th instant he succeeded in selling one of his
painted sparrows as a canary to a soldier for ninepence. He
was brought up at the New Bailey, and charged with this
offence. The soldier attended, and stated that the prisoner
told him he would not have sold the canary, but he had a long
way to go home, and did not want to carry it. A woman who
was in the Court said she had also purchased a DP;::ited spar-
row of the prisoner, who assured her it• was a good
canary. Mr. Leicester stated
house last week, he saw the prisoner at his
his •^—
—eavouring to sell one or the sparrows to
vont, but, knowing him, he ordered him away. The
prisoner said lie wanted to leave the country, for he could do
nothing in it, because he was published in the newspapers.
tic "4 cor4lnlitteci f9r Que month,—_j anchesiev C4GinfiCitt.

ELECTION COMMrI"[EES.
(YESTERDAY.)

(From our Second Edition of last night.)
KINGSTON-ON-HULL.
The vote of H. Spendlove was struck off.
Thorny Phillips Bartlett was then objected to,
The wife of the voter was about to be called to give evidenci
in suppot t of the objection to the voter, which
Mr, TIIESIGER objected to, and contended that it was a
well-known rule of law that a wife could not be heard to girt
evidence against her husband.
The Committeft announced that they would give their deci-
sion upon the objection to-morrow.