The Sun.
London, England, 1854-10-23 00:00:00

The following are extracts from Dr. Rao's journal .
" On the morning; of the 20th we were met by a very
ntelligent Esquimaux, driving a dog sledge laden with
musk-ox beef. This man at once consented to accom-
pany us two days' journey, and in a few minutes had
deposited his load on the snow, and was ready to join
us. Having explained to him my object, he said that
the road by which he had come was the best for us, anal,
having lightened the men's sledges, we travelled with
more facility. We were now joined by another of the
natives, who had been absent seal-kunting yesterday,
but, being anxious to see us, bad visited our snow-
house early this morning, and then followed up our
track. This man was very communicative, and on
putting to him the usual questions as to his having
seen white men' before, or auy ships or boats, he
replied in the negative ; but said that a party of
Kabloonans' had died of starvation a long distance
to the west of whore we then were, and beyond a
large river. He stated that he did not' know the
exact place, that he never had been there, and that
he could not accompany us so far. The substance
of the information then and subsequently obtained from
various sources was to the following effect:—
" In the spring (four winters past (1850), while some
Esquimaux families were killing seals near the north
shore of a large island, named in Arrowsmith's charts
King William's Land, about forty white men were seen
travelling in company southward over the ice, and drag-
ging a boat and sledges with them. They were passing
along the west shore of the above-named island. None
of the party could speak the Esquimaux language so
well as to be understood, but by signs the natives were
led to believe that the ship or ships had been crushed
by ice, and that they wore now going to where
they expected to find deer to shoot. From the ap-
pearance of the men, all of whom, with the excep-
tion of an officer, were hauling on the drag ropes of
the sledge, and looked thin, they were then sup-
posed to be getting short of provisions, and tkey
purchased
a small seal, or piece of seal, from the natives.
The officer, was described as being a tall, stout, middle-
aged man. When their day's journey terminated, they
pitched tents to rest in.
" At a later date taro same season, but previous to
the disruption of the ice, the corpses of some thirty per-
sons and seine graves were discovered. on the continent,
and ave dead bodies on an island near it, about a long
day's journey to the north-west of the mouth of a large
stream, which can be no other than Back's Great Fish
River (named by the Esquimaux Oet-ko-hi-ca-lik), as
its description and that of the low shore in the neigh-
bourhood of Point Ogle and Montreal island agree
exactly with that of Sir George Back. Some of the
bodies were in a tent or tents ; others were under
the boat, which had been turned over to form a

fated.
Sir G. Brown, K.O 8., K.C.H.—Ensign,• 23d of
January, 1806, 43d Regiment ; Lieutenant, 18th of Sep-
tember, 1806, 43d Regiment ; Captain, 20th of June,
1811, 33 garrison battilion ; appointed to the 85th
Regiment, 2d of July, 1812 ; Major, 16th of May, 1814,
85th Regiment ; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, 29th of
September, 1314 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, 17th of July.
1823, unattached ; exchanged to Rifia Brigade, sth of
February, 1824; Colonel, 6th of May, 1831 ; Major-
General, 23d of November, 1341 ; appointed Deputy
Adjutant-General, came day ; Adjutant-General, Bth of
April, 1850 ; appointed Colonel of the 77th Regiment,
11th of April, 1851 ; Lieutenant-General, 11th of No-
vember, 1851 ; resigned the office of 'Adjetant-General,
12th of December, 1853. Silver tredal for Vimiera,
Talavera, Busaco, Fuentes d'Orie4a St. Sebastian,
Nivello, Nivo. Present at the siee, and capture of Co-
penhagen, 1307 ; served in the Peninsula from August
1308 to uly, 1811, and again from July, 1313, to May,
1314 ; present at the passage of the Douro and capture
of Oporto ; severely wounded through Loth thighs at
Talavera : action of the Light Division at the bridge of
Almeida ; action at Sabugal, and investment of Ba-
yino nt
the
ee ;la expediti
on
veryt? As
emv
eerrei
ya , slightlyin the great wounded
burg ; present at the capture of Washington.
" His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G.,
—Colonel, 3d of November, 1837 ;appointed Colonel of
the 17th Lancers, 25th of April, 1842 ; Major-General,
7th of May, 1845 ; appointed Colonel of the Scots Fusi-
-
lier Guards, 23i of September, 1852 ; Lieutenant
General, 19th of June, 1854.
" Sir De Lacy Evans, K.C.8.,
_nsign, Ist of Fe-
--1q:
bruary, 1807, 22d Foot ; Lieutenant, Ist of December,
1808, 22d Foot ; appointed to the 3d Light Dragoons,
26th of March, 1812 ; Captain, 12th of January, 1815,
sth West Indian Regiment ; Brevet-Major, 11th of May,
1815 ; Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel, 18th of June, 1815 ;
placed on half-pay of the regiment, 25th of April, 1817 ;
appointed Commander-in-Chief of the British Leg ion in
Spain, June, 1835 ; Colonel, 10th of January, 1837
Major, sth of April, 1844, unattached ; Major-General,
9th of November, 1846 ; Lieutenant-General, 20th of
June, 1854 ; silver medal for Vittoria, Pyrenees, Tou-
louse ; medal for Waterloo. Served in India from 1807
to 1810, and was present in the operations against A.meer
Khan and the Pindarries ; capture of the Mauritius ;
served in the Peninsnla in 1812 to 1814, present during
part of the retreat from Burgos, wounded in the action
on the Homaza ; investment of Pampeluna, had his
horse shot under him during the investment of Bayonne;
actions at Vic Bigerre and Tarbes ; horse shot under
Lim at Toulouse ; served in the expedition to America
as Deputy-Assistant Quarter-Master General ; had two
horses shot at the battle of Bladensburg ; present at the
capture of Washington ,• attack on Baltimore ; twice
erwounded
the campaign in Be
heforeNew Orlelgainus: on the
severely
25th of December, 1814, and 7th of January, 1815 ;
served during
in as As-
sistant Quarter-Master General, and had one horse shot
and another sabred at Waterloo • holds the rank of
Lieutenant-General in the National Army
for his services in the British Legion received the grand
crosses of St. Ferdinand and Charles 111. of Spain, and
" Sir Richard England, K.C.8., K.H.e—Ensign, 25th
of February, 1808, sth Foot ; Lieutenant, Ist of June,
1809, 14th Foot ; Captain, 11th of July, 1811, 60th
Regiment ; appointed to 12th Foot, Ist of January,
1812 ; exchanged to 231 Fusiliers, 26th of August,
1819 ; Major, 4th of September, 1823, 49th Regiment,
exchanged hack to 23d Fusiliers, 2d of October, 1823 ;
Lieutenant-Colonel, 29th of October, 1825, unattached ;
exchanged to 75th Regiment, 6th of July, 1826; ap-
pointed to 4th Foot, 7th of July, 183? ; appointed to
41st Regiment, 10th of July, 1837 ; Colonel, 28th of
January, 1838 ; exchanged to half-pay unattached, 22d
of July, 1845 ; Major-General, 11th of November, 1851;
local rank of Lieutenant-General, 13th of August, 1854.
(Medal from Candahar.) Walcheron expedition 1809,
Present et the siege of Flushing ; served on the staff in
Sicily in 1810 ; Caffre war of 1835 and 1836 ; in Seinde
and Affghanietan in 1841 and 1342.
" The Hon. George Cathcart, K.C.B.—Cornet, the
25th of May, 1810, 2d Life Guards ; Lieutenant, the
Ist of July, 1811, 6th Dragoon Guards ; Captain, the
24th of December, 1818, half-pay of West India Ran-
ger; ; appointed to 7th Hussars, the 16th of December,
1819 ; Major, the Bth of April, 1826, 22d Regiment ;
Lieutenant-Colonel, the 13th of May, 1826, unattached;
appointed to 57th Regiment, the 24th of January, 1828;
appointed to Bth Foot, the 20th of March, 1828 ; ex-
changed to half-pay unattached, the 25th of September,
1835 ; appointed to a particular service in Canada, lst
of January, 1838 ; appointed to lst Dragoon Guards,
1
Csoi
enea.
incgm4dle
campaigns
ad;
nt
hm: tootaohLufohdo Ntelr Ird3fo.
appointedo-
Commander-in-Chief
lea.
all
of
yntDBf
November,
efa:nruttut3ityaduBa-taacsLlnlrllBitydeehl: unattached, the
easctinsah4eae6enpGn
appointedte;
g 1 a9rmnmot
IfheaaBiGtnsohoya2or of
the 11th of May, 1838; Colonel, the 23d of November,
1.3. Tc
rvaBBeseoee4rnlinAn%l:eeoeia;
rrdr(ral
Aide-dc-Camp
aidnenethLt:h.
2
f
of August
utlzBelii3, ;t
;I the
ar
iteoinit)ihel
o,a;stdtiabe2elliss6tt t
hoc!,
l\Lll.Buntthz
,e; na ,Dn
dtrheles,d3teidni
,onftfh
re1032:3t od; b ol3e
February ; Bar sur Aube, Arcis, 21st of March, and
Fero Cliampenoise, 25th of Mareh, 1814 ; served also
in the campaigns of 1815 as Aide-de-Camp to the Duke
of Wellington, and was present at the battles of Quatre
Bras and Waterloo ; at the Cape from 1852 to the end of

the war.
" Earl of Lucan.----Ensign, 29th of August, 1816, 6th
Foot ; Lieutenant, 24th December, 1818, half-pay of 3d
Foot Guards ; exchanged to Bth Foot, 20th of January,
1820 ; Captain, 16th May, 1822, half-pay of 74th Regi-
ment ; exchanged to let Life' Guards, 20th of June,
1822 ; Major, 23d of June, 1825, unattached ; ex-
changed to 17th Lancers, Ist of Dec., 1825 ;
Colonel, 9th of Nov., 1826, 17th Lancers ; exchanged
to half-pay unattached, 14th of April, 1837 ; Co-lone)
23d of Nov., 1841 ; Major-General, 11th of Nov., 1
local rank of Lieut.-General, 18th of Aug., 1854.
"Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B.—Ensign, 26th of May,
ISO 9, 9th Foot; Lieutenant, 28th of June, 1809, 9th
Foot ; Captain, 9th of Nov., 1813, 60th Regiment ; ap-
pointed W the 21st Fusiliers, 26th of Nov., 1818; Major,
26th of Nov., 1825, 21st Fusiliers ; Lieut.-Colonel, 26th

On Saturday morning, writes our Paris correspon
dent, the civil tribunal of the Seine gave judgment in
an action brought by M. Legouv6, the dramatic author,
against Madlle. Rachel, for having refused to play in a
new tragedy written by him, entitled ilicdee. The trial,
as might be expected, excited extraordinary interest.
It was stated by M. Mathieu, the counsel for the
plaintiff, that M. Legouvd became, acquainted with
Mdlle. Rachel in 1848, in consequence of her playing
Adrienne Lecouvreur ; a piece written by him, jointly
with M. Scribe, and she subsequently performed in a
piece called Louise de Lignerolle,s, which also was partly
written by him. She subsequently got him to pro-
mise to write a piece for her for 1852, and in Janu-
ary, 1852, wrote to him to remind him of his pro-
mise. He resolved to write a piece on the subject of
Med6e, and, though it was an old tale, he thought he
could render it interesting. As Mdlle. Rachel had ex-
pressed a wish that her part in the tragedy should be a
short ono, he made it of only three acts instead of five.
In August, 1852, the tragedy was terminated, and, being
read to her, she approved highly of it. It was then
presented to the reading committee of the Theatre Fran-
cais., and was accepted, on condition that the third act
should be improved. M. Legouvd thereupon re-wrote
the third act, and he read the piece to Madile. Rachel
in presence of M. Jules Janin and other eminent literary
men. Mdlle. Rachel on that occasion complimented
him warmly upon it, and predicted that she would ob-
tain great success in it. The tragedy was again pre-
sented to the reading committee of the theatre, and was
received with acclamation. The parts were then distri-
buted by Rachel herself ; this was in September, 1853.
But some delay occurred in the rehearsals, and Rachel
wrote to say that it was owing to her having been
Subsequently she requested that the bringing out of the
piece might be postponed until her return from Russia,
where an engagement had been offered her. He con-
sented, though with reluctance, and she assured hint
that she would play in the tragedy immediately on her
return • she even added that if he should bring out the
piece during her absence, she would still play the prin-
cipal character on her return ; adding, in playfully
figurative language, that she hoped to find Medde in a
virgin state, but would consent to receive her from the
arms of any predecessor. On arriving from Russia, it
turned out that she had been offered not less than
1,200,000 f. for a year's engagement in America, and
that she had determined on resigning her post at the
Theatre Francais in order to accept it. She thereupon
determined not to play in Medee. M. Legouv6 de-
manded an interview with her in order to remonstrate,
but she wrote to him under date of the 17th March,
1854: "My resignation is quite serious; I have
therefore only six months more to give to the
Theatre Francais. I am anxious to play all my
classic repertoire, and I rhould not have the time
to do so, if I were to undertake the creation of a
new part. I will confess to you that lam not at all
anxious to create.a part now that I am about to leave
the French stage. Persuadel that the press would not
support me, fear would paralyse my powers, and it isnot
at the end of my career its the Rue Richelieu that I could
wish to risk seventeen years' success at Paris. Believe,
however, dear M. Legouv6, that it causes me great pain
to abandon the performance of your if edeo." In pre-
sence of this refusal, M. Legouvd, on the 30th March,
sent her a formal summons to play in the tragedy, and
as she took no notice of it, he comtneneed legal pro-
ceedings. She then wrote to him a very friendly letter
to say that she was obliged to go to the Pyrenees to see
her sister Rebecca, who was extremely ill, to take there
one of her children who was very ill also, and to obtain
repose for herself, of which she stood in great need.
She complained that he should hav commenced pro-
ceedings instead of going to see her,e and she declared
that if he continued them she would certainly net con-
sent to play in the tragedy by order of justice, for that,
if it should fail, all the blame would be cast on her,
as it would be said she had murdered it from
vengeance. She represented that, as her engage-
meut was about to expire, she could not do justice to
the tragedy. But she ended by giving a promise that on
condition that law proceedings were dropped, she would
play the piece, and would begin studying it seriously on
her return. M. Legouvd waited, and after a few weeks
Rachel returned to Paris. But she did not begin study-
ing the part, and when he reminded her of her pro-
mise, she said that she was harassed by domestic afflic-
tions. He represented to her in very courteous terms
that that was not a sufficient reason for neglecting his
play, but he produced no effect. At length, on the
20th September, she made a female friend of hers write
to him that she could not perform the tragedy,
mo as she
was " determined never to play a part in amodern
tragedy, as the old classical tragedy contained more
parts than she could ever play." In this letter of the
friend was one written by Rachel herself to the friend,
and in it she said, "I cannot decidedly perform Med6e ;
it is in vain that I have endeavoured`o study it. I have,
however, learned all the first act, the part does not
suit me ; it is, in fact, impossible for me to hope for a suc-
cess in this almost odious character, and which besides
is too much known to move the public, even by terror."
She, however, charged her friend to beg of M. Legouv6
not to reproach her, and to confess to him that she felt
herself in the wrong.
.[. Chaix d'Est Ange, for Mademoiselle Rachel, con-
tended that she had never absolutely engaged to play the
character, and that all the expressions of approbation of
the part attributed to her by the witnesses were mere
phrases of ordinary courtesy towards an author. He
affirmed that she had honestly endeavoured to reconcile
herself to a revolting part, but at last, being persuaded
in her judgment that it was not suited to her genius, she
felt compelled, iu justice to her own reputation, to
renounce it. He warmly reproached M. LegouviS for
going to law to force a great artiste to be a mere speak-
ing machine.
The court, however, thought Madlle. Rachel wholly
without any ground of defence ; she had clearly con-
tracted with M. Legouv6 to play Medee, and the con-
tract is recognised by law. Mademoiselle Rachel was
therefore decreed to play the part at the Francais forth-
with, and in default to pay 200 f. for every day's delay
for the space of two months. At the end of that time if
she still refuses she must pay 40,000 f. for damages. The
costs of the suit will fall upon her.
i 851;

LEE FROMII ELECTION.—At the nomination on Satur-
day, the show of hands was ruled to be hi favour of Mr.
Donald Nicoll, when a poll was demanded on the part
of Lord Dungarven. The polling will take place this
day.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOIREE.
The members of the Bedford Literary and Scientific
Society celebrated their anniversary by a public soiree
at the Bedford Rooms on the evening of Thursday last.
The previous demonstrations -have generally excited
some interest beyond the immediate neighbourhood of
Bedford, but upon this occasion, when it was ascertained
that there was a probability of the meeting being hon-
oured by the attendance of Lord John Russell, there
was a great demand for admission tickets. The doors
were opened at 5 o'clock, and in about half an hour
afterwards the room was filled. At 6 o'clock the Duchess
of Bedford, Lord John Russell, and a party from Wo-
burn Abbey arrived, and were received by-the Mayor
and the, committee. Shortly afterwards the distin-
guished visitors were conducted to the room, and the
whole assembly rose and welcomed them with rounds of
cheers. " Rule Britannia" was then performed by the
Septet Society, whilst the company took their seats.
The chair was occupied by William Bloyer, Esq., mayor,
the president of the society. On the platform were
Lord Chas. J. F. Russell, Baron Parke, Sir Hamilton
Syarionr, IsLP., the Hon. C. C. Cavendish, M.P., Hast-
ings Russell, Esq., M.P., S. Whitbread, Esq., M.P.,
Sir David Dundas, Sir C. G. Payne, Samuel C. Whit-
bread, Esq., T. C. Higgins, Esq., chairman of the guar- ,
ter sessions ; T. B. Burcharn, Esq., recorder for the
borough : the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, Colonel Higgins,
T. J. Green, Esq , Thomas Barnard, Esq., and the vice-
presidents and committee of the institution.
The MiYOR, in opening the proceedings of the even-
ing, said the society was established for the purpose of
opening a suitable room where the resident young men
of the town could assemble to read the periodicals and
newspapers, to bear lectures, read papers, and have dis-
cussions ; for the formation of classes to study in the
different departments of knoveleige, to practise in music,
play at chess, and other similar purposes ; also to form a
library of hooks for the members to read at their homes.
It is to the credit of the young men that the tnstitution
was originally formed- by some of their party, although
others have since joined and availed themselves of its
advantages. The society was much indebted to several,
gentlemen of the town and neighbourhood who had de-
livered lectures from time to time, and they were also
indebted to the Society of Arts for having sent down
able lecturers from London. The society was still in
its youth, and required the further continuance and
support of the public. The present was not the birth-
day of the institution, but the committee determined cede-
' brating it at this time, in the hope that they might be
favoured with the presence of a distinguished nobleman
who was on a visit at the seat of hie anceators—he need
scarcely say that he alluded to Lord John Russell. He
believed societies like that of Bedford wore calculated to
do much good, as they allowed young men who bad not
opportunities in early youth of disciplining the mind to
obtain knowledge of a useful, substantial kind, promoted
the moral habits of young men, raised them in the scale
of society, made them better subjects of the Queen, and
enabled them to become useful members of society.
(Applause )
Mr. Coomns, the secretary, read the report detailing
the progress of the institution.
The HIGH SHERIFF moved--" That it appears to this
meeting that the principles of the Bedford Literary and
Scientific Institution, and the manifest good accoiniiitehed
by it, render it worthy of the support of all Mastitis of
popular education."
The RECORDER of Bedford seconded the resolutionoos
Lord J. RUSSELL moved the next resolution. He
said—Ladies and Gentlemen,—Although the Mayor has
adverted to the intervals of rest which I may have from
the labours which belong to a public man in the state avid
lie the office which I have the honour to hold, yet I can
assure you not only should I be happy to part with some
of that interval of relaxation snider such circumstances,
but I should be glad if, in meeting a society like this, I '
could forget one feeling of anxiety. We are now influ-
cooed by those mingled feelings of joy for our success, of
sorrow for our loss of those brave men who were the
pride of the nation and of humanity, who have bowed to
the Almighty disposer of events, and whose removal has
awakened emotions in the bosoms( of the highes to the
lowest, and deeply concerned IL3 all. (Applause.t ) With
regard to the society which I have now the happiness to
attend, I think I could hardly render you any service
by speaking of the general merits of such societies as
these and of the advantages they have been extending
throughout the kingdom ; their benefits have been gene-
rally acknowledged, and you yourselves have for eight
years exercised the advantages of those facilities of
knowledge, of those means of communication they afford,
and especially the yowling men who have not yet laid up
those stores of information which belong to the business
' of life, and which so greatly tend to success in every
pursuit. Societies like that which I now address are
invaluable. For my own part. accustomed to look at
subjects with the view generally of ascertaining their
bearing to the political interest of the country, I must
beg leave to consider that societies which bring men to-
gether to study, which teach them the lessons of history,
which enrich their minds with poetry, which encourage
theta to unfold the depths of science, must tend to unite
the whola community together, and give additional firm-
ness and strength to the institutions of the country. It
is very desirable for the purpose of study, for the pur-
pose even of writing, that men should have all those
means, all those advantages, which libraries and read-
ing-rooms are calculated to confer, but such advan-
tages are of modern growth. We know very well—
although I ant not aware of the precise spot—but it was
not far from this site where we are now assembled, that
an immortal work was written under circumstances of pri-
vation and in a prison. We may contrast with joy the
blessings that are now surrounding us, and think with
happiness that the oppression and persecution of these
days are no longer practised, that we have full freedom
of thought and expression. There is a great contrast
in this respect as between the tyr innical tribunals of those
days and those presided over by the learned and amiable
judge who has honoured us with his presence. Per-
haps, as it would be superfluous in me to expatiate on
the benefits of such institutions, you will allow me to
give a subject or a theme for your inquiries, for your
readings, and for your meditation. I have said that
political subjects and political researches naturally oc-
cupy my attention, and I have often coneidered a sub-
ject which is of great interest, and which I will submit
for reflection. It is this—that in the history of the
world we find many examples of States that have
flourished, and have risen to great power, and having
attained to their culminating point afterwards decay,
and finally disappear as nations. There have been many
causes assigned for this rise and fall ; but the eominon
delusion is that as so many nations of ancient times have
gone through these changes, ail States must go through
similar periods of prosperity and decay. That this is a
common theory and common supposition, I need not go
far to prove ; for an admirable writer, whose friendship
I have the good fortune to enjoy, who invests with the
rich treasures of his fancy whatever he undertakes, de-
scribes a New Zealander standing 'on a br.oken arch of
London Bridge sketching the ruins of St. Paul's. Now,
I never could contemplate that picture with comfort.
(Laughter.) It is a very disagreeable subject, and I
want to know what necessity there was for making
suck a prophecy. (" Hear," and laughter.) If I
were to investigate that subject, I should engage you
the greater part of the night ; but I would suggest
certain topics to follow out at your leisure, some
of the most fitting subjects for lectures, in con-
nexion with the rise and fall of States. Many States
have fallen because they were too small to contend
against their more powerful neighbours ; because it is
obvious when surrounding states have 100,000 or
200,000 mon under military discipline that the smaller
ones with tea to twenty thousand will fall under the su-
perior force of the ether. We have the case of Athens
and the case of Florence. Then I might allude to the
great state of Germany and the smaller one of Portugal.
I need scarcely allude to England, because this country
is large enough and strong enough to maintain itself for
ages to come. (Applause.) But there is another source
of decline, and which is celebrated in aline of the RoMan
Satirist as the immediate cause and fall of the Rom ien
empire, which, after stretching its armies into almost
every part of the world, fell from the effects of luxury.
Well, we in modern days carry luxury to a greater ex-
tent than ever it was carried Mora. Many enjoyments
are within the reach of most of us, and we indulge in far
greater luxuries than were possessed by the ancient
world, yet we have no sign that men thereby become in-
dolent, on the contrary, we have seen that men having
every means at command, when called upon to perfcirm
their duty to their country have not shrunk from en-
countering -the greatest hardship, though previously sur-
rounded by and living in the midst of the most refi ed
luxuries. We do not perceive that the position of er
Majesty's household brigade, where it may be roe ily
imagined luxury prevails to a considerable extent, haS at
all unfitted those soldiers to contend against a poweiful
enemy. It does not by any means fullowthat our soldiers
ars not able to overcome every obstacle oppoxed to cou-
rage and determination because they are not in the con-
dition of that iron chief who kicked away the pillow of
snow from under the head of his son,
too luxurious a bed for any chief to indulge in.
,unlese
saying that it was
(Cheers.) I think, therefore, that mere . . .
spruiriint,.
hasthe nnatoiton
that
tlf
disirefoeteble,uides
tendency 3 it
tto
haso ;Too:: its spirit,
But there are other causes which it behoves us to con-
sider, which have occasioned the decline of nations.
There bare been despotic institutions, where men have
been forbidden to investigate subjects of science, or dis-
cuss
any improvement in art—where they have been
forbidden, under penalty of fire, from holding any reli-
gious opinion different from that of the State. Where
tds(
(Loud
aano ttguede
danger
despotismatilopl patl
alh vuveas
eyhp.
sae) existed—whereosbpelWhere
n:
sft
stable
bh l
such
esu ;cch bothatuuptnrii
rn;c
aioyp
nlpet el
is
that
ehspreaercteucytaaai
account,
el nb2o
euht 1
Inha,
tseo,
prevailed, the nation has withered under the influenCe.
appreciating as they do the liberty of thought and of
expression which they enjoy, and who would not under
any consideration surrender that liberty to any power
whatever. (Applause.) Well, no doubt there are other
causes to show why nations pass from one phase to an-
other—from prosperity to decay—which may be meet
H osubjectsilan d '
foundf o r your
in
the
la st
meditation. Nations have found, ;is
century,
that
forts made in the last war to secureturtuhpeeagneniuedroopuesnefd: