The Sun.
London, England, 1853-03-03 00:00:00

might well be described, under certain circumstances at
Vienna, as a geographical atom, for Montenegro as the
house was aware, was a small district, extending in
length to about sixty miles, and in breadth to about
thirty-five miles, with a population of about 100,000
souls. It was situated in Turkey, on the coast of the
Adriatic ; it was exceedingly mountainous, and there
was not one town in it the population of which num-
bered more than 1,200 souls. The inhabitants were half
barbarous, and had always been distinguished for their
lawless and predatory habits. Well, this district, forming
part of the Empire of Turkey, was taken from Egypt in
1478, and by treaties agreed to in 1699 and 1718, be-
tween Austria and Turkey, and Venice and Turkey,
both being executed under the mediation of England and
Holland, it was determined that Montenegro was within
the Turkish territories. In 1791 another treaty was
signed between Austria and Turkey under the mediation
of England, Holland, and Prussia, and this treaty did
more than the previous treaties, because it not only held
that Montenegro was still part of Turkey, but it also
declared in express terms that the Montenegrins were to
be subject to the Porte. Montenegro, it was true,
had occasionally claimed and professed its independence,
but, nevertheless, it had always been under the sove-
reignty of the Sublime Porte, and no treaty which had
ever been signed since, made any attempt to alter this
state of things. The Treaty of Vienna, of 1815, defined
the limits of Austria to the direction of Turkey,
and like all others, left Montenegro where it was.
a portion of the Turkish empire. (Hear, hear.)
The Government of Montenegro is peculiar ; it is an
heriditary episcopal Government, but as the Bishop is
not permitted to marry, the throne descends from uncle
to nephew. The present heir has the feeling noio
episccpaci in, perhaps, a more sincere manner
than our own bishops, and under such circumstances the
question of descent becomes somewhat difficult and corn
plicated. The Emperor of Russia is not, in reality, as
described by the Earl of Malmesbury, the head
of the Greek Church ; he has, legally, no control
over members of that Church not his own svbjects.
The statement that the Emperor of Russia had in public
given advice which in private he had countermanded,
was only in strict accordance with the constant
policy of Russia as exemplified in the case of Poland
and Hungary. The Montenegrins had received and
acted upon the advice thus given. The most experienced
Turkish general was then immediately dispatched against
them, and frcm that time the animus, the interference of
Austria commenced. That government made require-
ments not consistent with the independence of the Porte.
Such demands, accompanied by threats, were impolitic
and tyrannical. Montenegro had no claim to be con-
sidered an independent state ; and even if it had, Aus-
tria was the last power that should come forward to de-
clare their independence. The religion ofAustria had never
been so persecuted in Turkey ; in fact, no Government
was so tolerant in religious affairs as that of Turkey, in
fact, at Jerusalem itself, a town under the Turkish
rule, there was an English Protestant Bishop.
Austria concealed at the bottom of all this
professed regard for religion, a vindictive spirit
engendered by the Porte having sheltered the
fugitives of the Hungarian war. It is the policy
of England to preserve the independence of Turkey, for
upon that depends the equilibrium of power in Europe.
Our commerce also required that the freedom of Turkey
should be maintained. Austria had not shown the most
friendly spirit to this country, and this has been attri-
buted to the conduct of the noble lord the present Secre-
tary of State for the Home Department, but the instances
which proved that spirit, had occurred since the noble
lord had quitted office. The late Duke of Wellington
and John Sobieski were the two men to whom
Austria principally owed her independence, and
to both she had proved ungrateful. The conduct
of Turkey in the case of the Hungarian refugees was
worthy of the highest praise, and certainly had been
pressed upon her by this country, and it was a point of
honour to England that she should not suffer for that con-
duct. The noble lord concluded by moving for copies
of any communications that may have been received from
the Governments of Austria or Turkey on the subject of
Montenegro. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. M. MILNES rose and was

[LEFT SPEAKING.]

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.-(THIS DAY.)

CHARGE OF MURDER.
(Concluded from our First Edition.)

Mr. Sleigh then addressed the jury on the part of the
prisoner, and contended that he, at the time he com-
mitted the offence, was not legally responsible for his
actions. The case was entirely one of homicidal mo-
nomania. The whole conduct of the prisoner proved it
to be so, for it was well known that insanity was fre-
quently accompanied by an impulse to commit murder,
and it was a common characteristic of a crime of this
kind committed by a lunatic, that he made no attempt
to conceal the truth, but frankly confessed his guilt.
He should adduce evidence to show that immediately
after the birth of the prisoner his mother was obliged to
be sent to a lunatic asylum, and that she died there after
being an inmate for several years, and also that the
prisoner from his youth upwards had shown indications
of insanity. _

Caroline Collier was then called. She said lam a
married woman, and my husband is a corn-chandler at
Kensal New Town. The prisoner is my brother. My
mother died at the lunatic asylum at Wanstead. She
had been there sixteen years before her death. She had
been confined three or four times. The prisoner is
younger than I am. After his birth my mother was a
lost woman. She was taken to the asylum about a
year and a half after that event. Her illness came on
during her confinement. She had the puerperal fever.
During her two subsequent confinements it was
necessary to take her from home. My brother
occasionallyjcalled upon me ; but he has been
a wanderer for twelve or fourteen years. As nearly as
I can recollect, the last time I saw him was a month
before Christmas ; that was at my house at Kensal New
Town. He did not stay at my house more than a quar-
ter of an hour. He was very excited. His conversation
was upon the Roman Catholic religion. He said there
were men after him who would kill him, whichever way
he would go. He wandered a long time about my door
before he would come in on each occasion that he -visited
me. I endeavoured to reason him out of his ideas. He
said he considered himself superior to other persons, and
that he would one day have a good deal of money, and
be a gentleman.
Cross-examined by Mr. Cook—l remonstrated with
him for not working and living without a home. He
did not appear to have sense enough to get a living; but
continued to ramble about in idleness. I was in the
habit of giving him occasionally one or two shillings.
Re-ex amined—l could not reason him out of the
idea that people were going to kill him.
Mr. Cook having briely replied,
Lord Campbell summed up the evidence with great
care and minuteness.

The jury then retired, and, after being absent about
ten minutes, returned a verdict of guilty.
The prisoner was called on for judgment.
Lord Campbell then sentenced the prisoner to be exe-
cuted in the gaol of the county wherd the offence was
committed, Essex.