The Sun.
London, England, 1854-10-12 00:00:00

RUSSIA—,PA,§T, P.R.E'SENT, AND IPUTratlt,

The account given of Russia by, Talleyraud—that it
has an obsolute monarchy limited by assassination—
has been tree from the time the Romanoffs ascended
the throne till the present century. The important
question whether the nation has advanced so as to be
capable of enforcing a better limitation is that which
now rises above the horizon of many minds. The first
of the Romanoff Czars was an elected monarch. The
empire had been so afflicted by civil ware, and by con-
sequent famine—during which mothers slew and ate
their own chi/drens—that the nobles actually agreed on
the election of a Czar in 1613. They chose Michael
Romanoff, son of the Bishop of Rostof. It is worth-re-
membering this fact; for the sake of the hope it suggests
that the nobles have not gone back in the interval, and
that, as the Romances came. in by election, they may go
out by the same method, when their rule has become
incompatible with the welfare of the empire. This
family, almost every reigning member of which has died
in consequence .of his personal vices—either by assassi-
nation or disease—was at first, prior to the use :of
power, a fair representation of the nation. All of them
have had strong passions and stubborn self-will ; more
or less kindliness, of a vague sort, towards people who
were not in their way, with a propensity. to cruelty or
provocation ; an extravagant love of parade, of one sort
and another, covering up grossness and sordidness ; A
narrow intellect, and little or no heart. Nicholas is. a
complete type of the Romanoffs. The tine is at hand for
showing whether the Romanoffs are still a type of the
Russians. Their ignorance, scarcely conceivable to the
educated- classes di free countries, is an unavoidable
attribute of their own nobles, in the ordinary state of
affairs. It remains to be seen whether collision with
other nations has introduced any of the enlightenment
which would best show itself by the removal of Nicholas
from the throne without any question of assassination
at all.
The present condition of things is this. Every boast
of the Sovereign has been stultified—every pretension
has been mortified—the assumptions of Divine appoint-
ment and of infallibility have been thoroughly exploded
—the landowners are beggared as to serfs and money--
the merchants are ruined—the financiers hendle nothing
but paper money—territory is lost—armies cannot stand
their ground—and navies are at the mercy of the Allies.
NoW, nothing like this has happened during the
reigns of former Romanoffs. New circumstances haie
arisen ; and it will soon be seen how fit the effective part
of the nation is to deal with them. Peter the Great
added to his empire the provinces of Livonia, Esthonia,
Ingria, Carelia, and a portion of the northern coast of
the Gulf of Finland. Catherine's additions are only too
painfully remembered—the large portion of---Pcideftei and
Lithuania, Gallicia, Courland, and Taurida, including
the Crimea. Alexander annexed Georgia and other
Transcaucasian territory, Bessarabia, Finland, and
Swedish. Lapland. Nicholas has taken more Transcauca-
sian territory, destroyed the remnant of Poland, and put
out his feelers in various directions, with a view to
future annexations. But by his too vehement rapacity
he has brought this work of annexation to a sudden stop;'
and he has not only lost his chance of annexing the
Danube and the Greek archipelago, but is losing ter-
ritory which has long been called Russian. The world
is watching to see what his subjects will do in conse-
quence. His infallibility and his invulnerability are
gone. Will they permit the substance of the empire to
go with it ? The inquiry is interesting, not only for phi-
losophical and historical reasons, but because it bears
immediately upon the prospects of the war.
In finding the answer, we must remember that though

[PRICE SD.

upon the streets of the town, and beyond them upon
Artillery and Quarantine Bays, the long looped-holed
wall, and the forts and batteries on the headlands of the
bays. The belief that the Allies occupy the. heights
which so entirely command Sebastopol is warranted by
the statement of Lord Raglan that he had pushed on
two divisions to the " immediate neighbourhood" of the
place, as early as the 27th.. It is obvious, from this re-
view, that, as soon as the bombardment began, the forts
of Sebastopol would be placed between two fires—from
the fleet to seaward, and the land batteries on the heights ;
that no reinforcements could cross the harbour from
north to south without being exposed to certain de-
struction ; that the destruction of the Russian ships of
war which had not been sunk, and the southern forts,
was inevitable ; and that the northern forts could not
long hold out after that catastrophe. It the bombard-
ment really commenced at daybreak on the 4th, we may
look for intelligence of its 'progress or termination by
way of Constantinople in a few days.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL AT SCARBOROUGH.

The council of the borough of Scarborough availed
themselves of the visit of Lord John Russell to present
him with a congratulatory address, which was unani-
mously agreed to at a meeting held on Wednesday, the
27th ult. The address was presented on Friday last.
Lord John Russell replied in the following terms :
"Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen—l. am very sensible of
the kindness which has prompted you to address me on
this my first visit to your ancient borough. The legis-
' lative measures which have contributed so largely in
our day to the extension of the civil and religious liber-
ties of the nation, and those which have in so great a
degree promoted the material proiperity of all classes
have received my cordial support. But the enlightened
voice of the country, and the favour of the Almighty,
gave to these measures the success for which we have all
80 much reason to be grateful. You have the happi-
ness to enjoy the advantages of a healthy.position and an
exemption, which I trust will long • continue, from epi-
demic disease. Your vigilance as a municipality will, I
doubt not, be exerted to prevent or to mitigate those
evils which grow with the growth and strengthen with
the strength of our proud and populous cities. So long
as I am allowed a part in the proceedings of Parliament
my attention will be devoted to the task of domestic im-
provement. Progress is conservative of institutions
such as our own, which are founded on the principle
that the liberties of the kingdom are the birth-right of
its people."
The Council then withdrew. Lady Russell and the
Hon Miss Russell were present during the proceedings.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON IRISH

EDUCATION.

The Dublin Protestant Publication Committee have
succeeded in obtaining from the President of the Coun-
cil a letter in reply to an address forwarded to his Lord-
ship from that body on the subject of religious education
in Ireland. Lord John thus expresses his views :...

the so-called educated classes in Russia can obtain no
reliable political information in ordinary course, they do
get it by means of war. No one• has better reason to
know this than Nicholas himself. He knows that his
empire and his life hung by a thread, thirty years agO,
through this very fact. Russian officers returning from
the war in 1314 brought new ideas about society and
gournment into their homes and social meetings ; and
the consequence was that conspiracy which waylaid him
at the threshold of his palace, on the death of Alexander.
He is aware, too, that his officious haste to help Austria
to crush Hungary has brought retribution in the same
shape. NOt only his officers, but his lowest soldiers,
came back from Hungary quite altered men ; with ideas
in their heads, and aspirations on their tongues,—and
perhaps projects in petto, to be confided in sacred mo-
ments of confidence. Will there, or will there not, be ac-
tion, as a result of this ? And if so' what will the action
be? These are questions in which the whole world has
rn intereA. The army of the Czmr cannot Fet foot in a

" Filoy, September 26.
" Sir,—l had the honour of receiving some time ago an
address of the Committee of the Protestant Publication
Society of Dublin.
"My support of the British and Foreign School Society
has been publicly given as a member of that society.
"My support of the National system of education in
Ireland, as introduced by Lord Derby, has been also pub-
licly defended by me as a Minister and a member of Par-
liament.

" In supporting both systems 1 have endeavoured to pro-
mote education in a manner that was practicable. The
great majority of the people of England are content to read
the Bible in the authorised version, and accept that ver -
'lion as a true exposition of the Word of God.
"This is unhappily not the case in Ireland, and hence
has arisen the system of the National Board, which, since
its est ,blishment by Lord Derby, has done great good, and
will, I trust, by the blessing of God, diffuse still more
widely than it has hitherto done very useful, although very
imperfect, instruction. .
" I have the honour to be, sir,
" Your most obedient servant,
" J. RussELL.
"Philip R. Patman, Esq., 24, Wellington-quay, Dublin."

foreign country, nor meet an enemy in the field, without
encountering ideas. What Use will they make of them.?
Thirty years since, the project mai to dethrone and
slay the Czar, and .set up a new method of government.
Has there been an advance sines that time which, sti-
mulated by mortification and logs, will induce a better
project ?
Any project of better government, and of saving the
empire from the curse of a bad man's stubborn will,
,must involve his dethronement. The world may well
hope that the vulgar barbarism of assassination will be
scorned in so great a cause. It seems as if banishment
must be the proper punishment of this troubler of his
generation. He can trouble foreign countries only from
the throae of his own ; and he can interest .nobody
abroad to give him his crown again. Away from his
superstitious subjects, he would have no adherents' who
could help him back. An Autocrat has no party at
home, and has established no political interest abroad.
Nicholas deim,:ed and rendere'l harmless, who should

THE RIGHT HON. W. B&RESPORD AND
BLS CONSTITUENTS.

Mr. Beresford, the late Secretary-at-War, addressed
a large number of his constituents on Friday last, at a
dinner given by the Conservative Club at Castle Heding-
ham. The right lion. gentleman defended himself at great
length from the charges preferred against him in the well-
known Derby case, and concluded his speech as follows:--
"Now, I will only add, that though we have struggled
for protection to the landed interest, instead of our bur-
thew being diminished they are doubled, as witness the
income tax and the malt tax. (llea-r, hear.) But there
is something left to struggle for that's worth it--I mean
that Protestantism which was delivered to us, secured by
the blood of our fathers ; and let future generations say
whether, if we have submitted to the tricks of the Coali-
tion, we would yield to the tyranny of a popish majority.
(Loud cheers.) It is now nearly fourteen years since I
first became connected with the representation of Essex
or its boroughs, and I will honestly tell you that during
that time I can only call to mind. two votes that I foci
ashamed of. %Viler), in 1342, I was member for the be-
rough of Harwich, I voted against my own feelings, and 1
have suffered severoly for it. . The circumstances were
these—Sir James Graham was the Secretary of State
for the Home Department—a very able man, but I
will say nothing of the other qualities a Secretary of
State ought to possess, and he had opened the private let-
ters of Mr. Thomas Dencombe, who brought the mat-
ter before the House of Commons. I was a supporter
of the conservative government, which we had laboured
so strenuously to bring in, thinking that it would do
justice to the country. After listening to everything
that was said in the debate, I was so disgusted with the
whole transaction that I rose to leave the house, when
one of our friends seeing me get up, said—" Beresford is
going to bolt." He followed me and urged me not to
desert the party at a pinch, and leave them in a fix ant'
difficulty. I went back and voted with Sir Janes Gra-
ham against my conscience and feeling, not liking the
man, but wishing to stand by the. party. The majority
on that occasion was one, two, or three, I do not know
which. I did not like Sir J. Graham then. I could not
bear that evil eye, that sinister look, that malicious leer,
that face which he put on to conceal the fear beneath,
for he was a coward I knew, and if it had not been for
the party I would have gone away and left him to his
fate for having opened another gentleman's letters.
(Cheers.) The other was a vote on that free trade re-
solution, affirming that free trade had promoted plenty,
and the cheapness of all articles of existence, when
immediately afterwards came high prices and star-
vation. I could hardly drag my body into the lobby
that night to give the vote,but the party were in such
a position that they could not help it, and I went
to bed more unhappy that night than I ever was
before. (Hear.) If my health should break down and
I should not in future be able to serve you as I desire,
and you find some one more honest and talented than
myself, I will yield the place to him, but while I remain
the member for North Essex, I pledge myself to the
support of those principles you have often heard me
avow, and I will not be caught voting against them
through the solicitations of the whipper-in or the cour-
tesy and promises of thoSe who would delude me."
(Loud cheers.)

sw.coed Here would be the test of the real 'ad-
vnnoe of the determined portion of the Russian people.
The 'utmost wisdom would he Olimn in the deepest hu-
mility :IS to the political climeities of the nation. No.
body expects a good political condition for Russia for
centuries to come, seeing, tlia.t, she is just a thousand
yoars behind the rest of Europe in civibsation ; but the
thing that is reason:kble t.) hope from p.!uple who wild
have the sense to dethrone the tyrant, and F pare Mir
life, is that they will lay aide desires of foreugu con-

.nest, tarn all their ener;fie4 fn:l upon their natioLl con-

,lition, hint thus piss naturally if pos.ible, pease.
ably, from the military stage ot civilisation to a higher.
That it can be. done peaceably we do not venture to
hope, seeing what the serf•sy,tem of Russia is. That
there must be a servilewar sooner or later we only too
clearly apprehend ; but no less clearly do we see that
the most fatal course of all is to go on, ,as at present,
offering aggression which ends in defeat, and staking all
upon an issue which may steep the empire in blood and
-wretchedness, or explode it altogether. If the effective
inhabitants know atrything of what is doing, they ought
to be preparing for such concerted action as placed the
first ltomatioff on the throne. And it we are wondered at
for offering friendly counself to such people, we say again,
what we have said from the beginning, that we wish all
good to the "subjects" of the Czar—to the people of
Russia—whom we know to have no cause to be our ene•
mien, and no voice.to tell us that they are our friends.--
Daily New&

EARL GRANVILLE ON THE WAR.

At the dinner succeeding the review of the Stafford.
shire Yeomanry on Friday last, Earl Granville, in re-
plying to the toast, " Her Majesty's Ministers," said :
There is one feeling which I entertain strongly—that if
her Majesty's Ministers could reproach themselves with
the loss of those precious lives which have been sacri-
ficed in the Crimea, by the reflection that they had in
the slightest way let slip any opportunity of maintaining
peace, I believe if they could have forgiven themselves
the country never would have forgiven them. I belieVb
that that peace being no longer possible, they acted is
unison with the opinion of all political parties in this
Country when they felt that the war must be vigorously
carried on, not only for the maintenance of the honour
of this country—not merely for the settlement of the
present question, hut with the hope of maintaining
peace for many years to come. (Cheers.) I. believe I
in my say that the finest army has gone to the East which
was ever sent to a foreign country. Lord Raglan has
under his command 'lO2 guns of very heavy calibre.
When you compare these with the six guns which Wel-
lington was able to collect in battle array, it does show.
that at all events we have not fallen into that great error
which characterised the Government of the day when the
greatest commander which this country ever knew was
in command. lam almost afraid to state the great
amount of ammunition which has been sent out. I( I
were to state it to you it would almost sound like he
tale of Baron Munchausen. I may, however, say that
if it is all used it will actually wear out those 102 guns
to which I have referred. Government did not conceal
from themselves the great responsibility of their urgink
on the commanders of both services an attack on Sebes-,
topol. They were not ignorant of the opinion entertainet
by many distinguished officers of every country in Europe
—that, if not itnpracticable,lthe attempt was of
.a most dif-
ficult
tthheeyy.
ficult nature, but they did feel that the integrity and i
fortressdependencewas id)feeThulerdkeyimnp•arse
e only port front
the very centre of the Black Sees
which vessels can come in or
felt that that was the very key of
two forces, acting in
gee
ale,aniere jokeeithusd-1, long as
tasi
et,hitirtt
assistance of the French, of
did think that, with the
nldauncatinitg is impossible
already
S° tolttwith position,safe tayn—d
could achieve all that it was pos.
twohsopseeasktrianigtlottofohriveghartdearmo(Bl lotyhselsAnco
cordial co-operation,
sible for men to accomplish.
I hel
been achieve].ievethattob
ean unparal-
leledhistory,Texhieilroeitisreason ancient or modern. We also know that
been
ineffected.
one great victory has
to beieve that at least one mote has been gained. So
far, although there certainly ham, been some disappoint-
ment experienced, in consequence of that false news
which was so extensively circulated, I think we may on
the whole consider the news which has be sit received
If we should not be susees-ful in the attempt, good, instead of bad. Certainly it is not for me, nor
;Logone else, to boast of success until it has been achieved.
that Government woni,l ill finder ••• • .
s,nd the prilicipa
charaetei istie I believe
.. of Englishinet, sloielil they be e,sily dis-
emirs gel lip and. t,,,lnp,,rary defeat. If, on the other
I"'"1, ''''' should lei soosessSil, I believe the Gevernineet
'III osr ()sly in aecordat,,,e. with the public feeling of the
e"ntrY, it y snlowiti,..r that we mmt not re;t on our oars,
,ots that. we must redoulde our ett,irts to gain the victory
----c':hecrs) --and I canhot I,e4p feeling that though it
w mild be hiehly eriminal iti miuy Government to be cite-
.
r"( 1 away by the excitemeut of military sows*, of which.
s listed snows, we have hail suough in ti is country, and
creation of the Society of Arts, the Lords of
her Majesty', to r4ase to make a pear's when that
PERtIANENT EDUCATIONAL Must:ex.—At the Rif, refs. , •
peace could be M +de
Treasury have decided that it will be desirable to estais Perfectly consistent with the honour, dignity, amid into-
The nucleus of rests of this country, and with the interests of Europe
on the other
a large and the cause of justice and humanity, yet .
sliuschhaapnetrunsieatinieunitinesdillcettetnioanlarleandlyuseeoutnitir.ibutel
by
proportion of the exhibitors at the recent Educational hand Ido feel that if the horrors of war are unnecessarily
Exhibition at St..Msrtin's Hall. The receipts at the prolonged by the enemy--if those terrible sacrifices of
doors and the special subscriptions in aid of the exhibi• treasure which, even according' to
.the
sresources of this
tion are still considerably below the actual expenditure: country, ore considerable, are rendered necessary. and
hut the council of time society naturally hope that this' if preci.,:u‘s lives, both of our own soldiers, and, I will
important result having been • -
gained further voluntary 11 tl •soldiers of the enemy, are
subscriptions will be made, so thatthe
' "
deficit may be felt that the rigour
met without the ord. •(Loud and pro.
wary income of the society being '. proportion to the sacrifice occasioned.
trenched upon.
l longed cheering.) sacrificed, it must be

THE "46th" REGIMENT.-SCENE AT THE
ELEPHANT AND CASTLE.

Yesterday morning, about half-pant nine o'clock, a
scene took place at the Elephant and Castle, Newington,
which showed that the popular feeling regarding the con-
duct of the officers of the 46th Regiment, relative to the
case of Lieutenant Perry, has not in the slightest degree
abated. A small detachment of the above regiment, in-
cluding several officers, was marched along in the middle
of the rondway opposite the Elephant towards the New
Kent-road, for the purpose of proceeding to the New-
cross station of the South Eastern Railway, when a
number of persons who were standing to see them pass,
mistook them for another regiment, and cried out loudly,
here are some more of the brave defenders of their
country. However, one of the bystanders, more obser-
vant than the others, espied the numerals " 46" on the
front of the men's hats, and immediately called out
" Oh, my, it's the 46th, let's ask them what they have
done with poor Perry." This seemed-to act like a spark
on a train of gunpowder, producing a perfect explosion
of expletives, such as the following :—" Oh, I really can-
not recollect." " Don't you see they have got nom mi
rccordo on their flag ?" " Did, you ever see such a set ?"
and "No, no, the men are all right, it's the officers we
mean." " Has Lieutenant Greer gone home to his
mother !" and. other similar witticisms. At this junc-
ture an officer wearing a cocked hat passed along
the pavement, and was met with a general cry
of " Here's Colonel Garrett himself ;" and he was
regarded with Ly no means pleasant looks, but
some one exclaiming that it was the surgeon. of
I the regiment, and not Colonel Garrett, ssigerwas turned
onthe
into mirth, the prevailing cry being. 0,;,, it' RI
i
ire w
do,tor, he had nothiii:r to do with it.'
ule of the
down tb~: New bent
&c.; but. 11,11,Jt be
way, as the detachment proceeded
road, they were met wiLls cries of
'N'od'•liils:tice to tLe
How's Lieut. Perry
officers in charge of the detacholeint,
rol;tthi:‘,%:i.ii,tiictiusratisfaction
butheytv,iilteht,
theall tuhito)
sttl, titilnapr,k:s.t,ucreiLtbalion Jo°,

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