The Sun.
London, England, 1854-04-22 00:00:00

THE WAR IN ASIA.

A letter from Kars; in Armenia; of a recent date,
makes known a fact which -will give a forcible idea
of the devotedness of the soldiers of Shamyl to their
chief. It is well known that the communications
between, Shamyl and the Turkish army are very
difficult; nevertheless, the brave Chief of the Cau-
casus having resolved to-send a body of troops to
Haireddin Pacha, who. commands at Kars, assem-
,...„ bled about 5,000 men, and announced to them that
:they were to proceed to Kars. In order to do so
they
had to cross the Russian posts, and they could
Only do so separately, and they had; besides, •to
travel by-roads 'winch are alinost impassableyat this,
'Season of the year: NUta single man belonging. to
the body made an objection, and about. the middle
of March 650 men presented themselves to the
Turkish o•eneral, saying that by orders of Shamyl
they had come to placotheiriselves at his disposal,
afid they expressed the fUllest confidence. that all,
1;t1 eir C mrades would arrive unless prevented by
„
Weather.
THE GREEK INSURRECTION.
, • TRIESTE, April 21.—The Greek Consul resident-
' - here has just recalled the Russian ships lately pur-
chased by the Greek Government.
It appears by the accounts which arrive that so
deep-rooted and. deadly is the hatred between
Turks and Greeks that neither can fight against
°Xte another without committing atrocities which
. are a disgrace to human nature. • In this respect
'1• the Christian Greeks are as bad as the Saracen
Tanks. The only means of quelling the insurrec-
tion and pacifying Epirus and Thessaly is to recall
:..the Turkish forces in those provinces, and let the
allied troops of England and France act in their
stead against the allies of the Czar. That measure
33aust eventually be taken ; it were best to take it
•-•;L",....acen as possible.
THE GREEKS IN MALTA Greek merchantsat .
Malta are in a great consternation. The Prefect
sent for the Greek Consul, and informed him that
the
had been made acquainted with the fact, that
large
resident Greeks of Marseilles had subscribed a
.2Fge sum of money to be sent to the insurgents..
The Prefect assured the Consul that every legal
-I,lleasure would be adopted to prevent the money
reaching its destination. The reply of the
ureek Consul was not known. It is said that the
ite,,eney was to have been sent by the Mail-packet.
‘•;ire, but that now other and more sure means
Will be resorted to for the tiansport of the sum sub-
Scribed.

THE ALLIED TROOPS AT GALLIPOLI.
The following is from a letter dated Gallipoli,
April 10 : •
"The first English detachment, consisting of the
Rtaes and some Sappers, landed the day before yesterday,
the second consisting of the 44th and a few of the 50th
The French bad been lauding for some days
.Previonsly, and have now here some 4,000 I imagine,
including a number of their famous 'Chasscurs ' and of
the Zouaves. The latter were, I believe, originally
formed of Arabs, but are now compOsed entirely of Eu-
rPeaus —French, with some mixture of foreigners.
They still preserve their original uniform—a loose
m'un jaCket open in front, baggy red trousers, and
a red fez -higher than that worn by-the Turks, and
: oWith a very long blue tassel. They- are very fine
. loekins g men,
.bronzed, hardy, and active, and w,ts
their half-shaved heads and great beards, look more
!astern than -the Turks themselves. The French
ellasseurs and infantry of the line, though smaller men
jitfgdorewsss,,
than the Zouaves, are still sturdy, soldier-like-looking
dressed in a plain serviceable, but well-
os)tklein ell
Consisting of a long blue-grey great coat
!mid a very small cap, with a large projecting peak.. It
,is quite vexatious to see the inferior appearance the
English
present beside them. In point of fact the
',oglish are the bigger Men, as may be perceived when
10), Ile compares them standing side by side ; but, by dint
miserable clothing,- are id spoilt that the.general ins-
; pression received would be, that they were poor starved-
eking wretches. With the French everything is wide,
ge, and simple ; aiide trousers, long skirts, and a-bruit
!xpanse of bleu coat over the chest, undisfigured by braid-
,Mg; the English, with their tight trousers, little scutty
Isiwallow-taits, shaved faces, and Albert hats, and with that
.tsansinable white tape braiding,stuck all over their coats,
'ook pinched up and poor in the extreme. And it is
still more annoying when oneleeS" that the only want
fair play hi the the' matter of dress, to be the finer look-
ing men of the two. But the best "got up" creatures
of the whole are the vivandieres attached to the Zouaves.
The general character of their uniform is founded on
that of the regiment, but modified into a very pretty
and,piquant costume. The jacket, open in front, and
'showing what I believe- ladies call a " habit shirt" of
• White linen, with a turn-down collar, • differs from that
of the men only by a little gold lace embroidery the
fez, too, is the same,' barring that a little silver thread is
. mingled in the tassel. The trousers are the same as
thopo worn by the officers ; European in make, but still
loose; red in colour, with a broad black or green stripe
down each leg. Beneath these come boots, to which
one , lady got spurs attached; and above , them,
descending to the knee, is a loose red petticoat, bound
round the'bottom with' two rows of stripes, similar to
those
on the trousers ; and the whole is completed by a
broad shoulder belt supporting a,iforgeously painted tri
c°lntir brandy cask. I saw- three- of them, they had
"Wendy "got up" with peat care for their first al).
Pelsiniee in Turkey. They basl.their hair as carefully
ranged as if they were
_going 'to a ball, and had
smallest but cleanest gauze aprons in the world,
evidently worn as a mere ornament One of them
72a,s really a very pretty- little body. The- French
F 1 •EnOish seem to- be excellent friends ; the
SsillOnch and Turks are not quite so amicable.
`t-neYh/K1 got up 'a dreadful story at Coastal'.
of the French having violently seized on a
;bti:aPe as an hospital, winch of course turns out to
se. What they. have really sinned in may, I be-
thee, be comprised in a rather overbearing manner on
deti part of their 'generals, -and a peremOtory way of
,oftkaOding things which I dare say the procrastination
ue Turks gives them more than enough provocation
so ln /inwever this may be, there is no doubt that they in
„w"Y or other so annoyed the Paella here, that he
'bagged to know of the French commander whether he
eat, True as an ally, or
Tilerconsed himself as having
io 'eu a conquered country. English, as yet, Are
great favour with the Turkish-authoritiea from their
;ore friendly behaviour."
alOsT

011FICE GRIEVANCES AT CONSTAN-
. •
4, Constantinople IetteTINOPLEr, dated April 10, sayS :
6fantlaVe to touch on one grievance felt by every
er quartered here, and, indeed, by every
ierttehman living at Constantinople. It is the •
Teee mismanagement of postal arrangements.
;call Ottoman Government- has not what we would
Ilitit&l!t.st for the public, and least of all one com-
tett 4 ing with the various countries of Europe.
fere eta tcl England and the continent are, there-
beet"..%ent, by private pcsts; one of which is con-
stea with the Austrian =busy and the Lloyd
asfere, while the other, the French post, is, as far
Mena
an a branch establishment of the
Imperials. Tile Austrian post conveys
41e4tectiler8 twice a week, by way of Trieste, a slow and
.4
latrtain voyage, and in summer once a week over-
-11 ,37 -way of Semlin. This route is by fartae most
ea re
Peditious. But almost every letter confided to the
ef eenteu the Austrian Post-office is opened and its
f .
" communicated to Vienna. It is a gross
ab>lse of confidence, and very discreditable to the
listrian Government, that letters should thus be
g9hed ; but the worst is, that if ,the envelope be
unred in the process of opening, the letter is
dg into the paper basket, and never reaches its
:4.eetittation. So that the coming to hand of a letter
cent
by the Austrian Post-office can never with any
inty be calculated upon. The Austrian post
vrta
ill be dosed whenever events shall corepel the inter-
JiAs lincio of that country to quit the Ottoman empire.
Ifarts the sending of letters goes, the French post
s most honourable and trustworthy. Letters posted
a here are not opened, and I have not heard of
single case where a letter has been lost. And,
besides their usual maili,-the.Fzench company has
Put on extra mail boats ; threelxr month, which
perfonii the voyage to Marseilles M 8 days. But
Tiaere the advantage ends. Neither the Austrian
der the French post take any interest iii the de-
?el)? of letters that arrive here ; and there indit-
a,ence • especially with regardlo letters addressed
lEnglishmen, is increased by the circuinitauce that
most all letters from England are prepaid. The'
'llii4trian and the French Post-Office clerks are
lerant of English, and cannot read the direction ofa
their in that, language. The consequence is, that
Z 0 most astounding confusion prevails with
tneret- to correspondence arriving here. Letters
after ia
eir
dqlY -turn up-two, four, and even \six weeks
1) ,1,
.th arrival here. To Mention" my own ox-
thece'only, I have received beet- one letter, and
at one too requiring an immediate answer, since
heci,l3ie to bOUstantinople. That letter had been
fourtee* days my apds, before it -Canie-to
even then it was Ven me-by a karash in the
-BO- that to this. day r hive not thebad
!I•9w the- karash got it, and hoW he came tQ
the -out. need not say that I had attended
b e post-office after the •1 of every
lisle arrival
°at.
N tl
upg but the establiShment of an Eng:
elerk.Nen_t.r,a,l post-office, with a staff of English
will put, an end to the endlss misery and
conesl2° fusion which at present prevail in matters of
f;,l_Tondenoe, and which will still increase when
Cached reds of Englishinen cot
toconnected with or at-
tne army are- •
established at Pera."
T/11- AL:

,ETTER FROM BELGRA _
DE.-
-t„izt7L-TAN's COMmissro ER IN SERBIA-.
E~DANGER OF DELAYS IN THE BLACK
'4%.---TRE- FATE OF AUSTRIA:
jh',,..-.:Laat wkthgcall on the young Pacha, the-son Izzeb
ho .orlzaotptitit -of his -father's feeble -health;
%S% - our _
of the
-o Glave of glo

vernor of- the fortress, he asked if I would like to .see
the gear eral, who_bad.arrived fiUni Constantinople. • The
occasion was -gladly embraced. The- preliminaries were
strong coffee, in the-smallest imaginable -cups,---holding,
say adortoi thimble-fnlis er less, and. administered by a
-slaVe. Half a dozen white servants were also in:
att.entlance. The coffee; without sliglror.Milk, is black,
arid -lull the p,m Jed aromatic, -. itself, --and
-would shock our good European housewives.. I say.
European ;..for here, though etitlwithin the geographical
botindaries of -your kind of civilisation, we have left all
that upon the opposite bank of the river; or rather, the
two rivers, the Save and the Danube. At Serolin there
are no little cups of strong, -muddy, but very good
coffee ; no glass dish of sweetrneats with a spoon by the
side for you to take:one taste and theti a tumbler of
water ; not one 'turban nor n 1)
,'lack. slave ;.. no slippers
left at the curtained door, 'no piSti)ls,.s-abre, .knife,- and
what noksticking.outof the belt of some grave and tall
Turk, who looks ready, as they 'say, '"to come with a
long nose and oat up the world in the presence of the bon=
zools" (we are all consuls in theßedomn sense) ; and'
though here and there some -Austrian; dressed inTuur
miserably stiff and u,pictureSque .fashion;- probably the
egliest which the sons of,
.Adam. have hitherto been' able
to indent; and trebly nieanieoking by the side of the
Serbians and qrientals, 'endeavours to smoke a tremen,
„dowdy long pipe,, of say fur or five feet, filled with TM,:
kish tobacco; yet you still feel it •is only European
" civilisation" after all, and turn back to _. Belgrade,
where the cry " La Allah, ill Allah !"is rotting out from
half-a-drz -it mosques, and you sink quietly and luxuri
ously dewn upon the sofa, with a kind of contagi.eis sa-
tisfactory feeling that the best thing in the world to do.
is whatyon are just now doing; that is nothing at all;;
and that- slisee cruel old Time is obstinate and remorse-
less, and will go on, in spite of Sultans and Caesars,
mowing down men and monarchs, and sapping- the
foundations of states themselves, the ruins of.dead dy-
nasties lying all around- you to prove- —why, then, let
him wag, and pay him as little attention as possible.
_But 'here comes the great man of the day in Serbia, and
towards whom not a few European eves are now di
re-ctedi Etain Pacha—a tall, dark, or olive complexioned,
handsome general, in thesepauletted blue frock-coat and'
'fez of the Turkish officers. His face would be Italian,'
if it: were not too energetic, and the nose such.
as Bonaparte . would have chosen, - as it is . large
enough to give him room to breathe and keep his
brains cool. He is exceedingly polite, easy, and
every seise appeared.a well-bred gentleman, whom one'
would never suspect of being a Turk, in the old sense.
He converses in French with the utmost fluency, and is
at ease himself, and therefore makes you feel at home
in his presence. We had an hour's conversation, in
which, however, -the firman that he had brought from
the Sultan bore but a small share. The contents of this
document ere already well known, and that it simply
confirms the rights and privileges of Serbia, which had
before been given under guarantee of the treaty with
Russia. The latter power had the right of protection
should the Sultan yiol'te his engagements. But, since
the Lterpretatum necessarily belonged, to the strongest,
it was evident that Russia could Atmtys find a Pretext
for interference. As the treaties betwZun the - Sultan •
and the Czar are set asi•le by the state of war,, the for-
mer voluntarily, and, as the sovereign of Serbia, renews
and confirms the ancient compact. You will perceive
that Russia is thus left entirely out of the question, and
that this "act of grace" frotfi the Sultan rests upon
his promise alone. I stated this to Etam Pacha, and
remarked that his miss on seemed, therefore, to be a
blow against Ausgia. He gave a smile Of evident satis-
faction and assent, though le did not-reply to this ob-
servation in words. .

Mark one thing well.-. The Czar has only to succeed
in order to raise the whole. Greek:population, and win
them over to his side. .Men usually go, but most especially
Greeks, with the strongest; and if Europe snfferhina to ad-
vance beyond Adrianople the game will be up. Nay,
there is one contingency that may bring him to Con-
stantinople -at once. It would doubtless, create only a
smile should I su!gest that the defeat of the English
and French fleet by the Russians is certainly within the
compass of possibilities. With the Dardanelles in his
power, and the Greek population celebrating a jubilee
that the holy church_ of their father, St. Sophia, has
been once more purified, and the crescent been displaced
by the cross—if this possible event should happen, who
then dislodge ,the-Coustantinopolitan Autocrat? Li
war so fearful as this, and where the stake of England
islife or death; l3lin ought to be almost matheinatically
sure of the defeat of 'the Russians, and trust nothilici. to
chance or delays ; far less undervalue the power
.'dop-
position that- Russia may -develope.. Who knows yet bow
well the Russians can fight dt sea I- And who -is sure
that England can now 'repeat, 'under a Dundas, the vic;.
tories of Nelson ? No one can doubt which side I ain
'ln, body, heart, and soul ; and it:is for this. ree.Son—
because Russia must be beaten —that I ask questions
which ought to leave not even .the shadow . of a doubt
in the answer... The sole prottetion, at this moment,
of the key of the Mediterranean, and of. three-quarters
of the' world, is the fleet in .the Black Sea.' This is,
indeed, a mighty tower of • defence ; but since it is ca-
pable of being destroyed by the enemy and by- the
elements, it ought not to-be the sole dependence. The
English and French troops should close up. Though
the affair at Sinope was not a battle, yet the execu-
tion done in a single hour shows that, whenever the ,
fleets meet, the loss upon both sides will be terrible.
And if both the Russians and, the, combined fleets should
be essentially disabled, will not the distance of Efigland
and France from ,the scene of action give- the Czar ad-
vantages in' pushing forward upon the land ?
Upon the whole there seeing to be no way so sure of
lefeating his mad designs as -by an invasion of Poland-
from the west ; for that alone can divide and distract his
forces. The recovery of the conquered provinces for
Sweden would, by and bye, be another able diversion •
ind when the worst conies, if no other course be left;
Austria must be simply compelled (and she might wel-
come such compulsion) to tak6- the right side. There
might then be some hope of hec being yet saved ; for the
.leclaration, under guarantees, of the•ri4htS of Lom-
bardy, • Hungary, and Austrian Poland might bring the
powerful aid of the revolutionary eleMents to her help
against the common enemy. Difficult as this may
seem, it is the only course now, left for the almost
dismembered empire. Deeply in debt, refusing, to
receive her, own paper at par, disgraced with the
world by her -subserviency to Russia, and trampling
with difficulty, and by the help of the finest' army in
Europe, half a million of soldiers, upon her own strug-
gling populations, She might even yet save herself, by
granting the just desires of these subjects,, and leading
them against the common enemy of Europe. But should
she take the opp .site course, her knellis sounded. :And
even neutrality, if persisted in, would not save her long.
Three mighty.populations, two of them containing whole'
armies of warriors and patriots-whom. the world cannot •
surpass—and it is doubtful if the Polish soldiers can be
equalled—stand ready to thunder at. her portals in the,
day of her calamity, and demand ihe rights of,man, the
rights of nations, of which she has robbed them. Let
us hope that wiser Counsels wiligpßie her hereafter than
those which have plunged a once pOwerful state into
Amest inextricable difficulties. _ . _

To return to Etain Pacha. He is very intelligent, and
spoke with enthusiasm of the great mission of Turkey in
this war for European civilisation and liberty, He
alluded, with a b: coming dignity mid pride, to the early
Arabian Maliommedatai. as the preservers of light and
science, in the times of Europe ,n darkness and anarchy.
He had read and approved the traveller' Spencer's
views on this point, which, I think, he mid he had
seen in the Revue des :deux Monde (1). He described, in
glowing terms and with patriotic energy, the enthusiasm
of the whole population, Moslem and Christian, of Con-
stantinople, There was only one feeling, and all was
full of hope in the righteous defer(ca of the Ottomaa
empire. The sane was. the case upon his journey
hither. At Adrianople, two sons of the Arcbitnandrite
(the next' spiritual dignitary below the bishop), had
voluntarily enrolled themselves in the new Christian regi-
ment. The soldiers, he said, were well paid, well fed,
and well .clOthed,'and only desired to he led. against the
enemies' of their country and. their faith. He gave a
good report of the quantity of provisions and all ne-
cessaries of life in Bulgaria. "The price of an oka
(Albs.) of bread," he twice repeated with astonishment,'
was only fifteen Dams," and then calling my attention
again said, "Think of it, only two sous for an oka of
bread." He made many inquiries about Austria, and the
state of Hungary, and it is evident whither the eyes of
the friends of Turkey would be directed, should Austria
now make one of- her grand but not unusual mistakes:
I am ready to hear of any folly in the Government of
Vienna. Political Saxon children of fifteen could manage
affairs more wisely, at least in the conquered neigh-
bouring kingdom.;