The Sun.
London, England, 1853-08-15 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 15, 1853.

No. 18,997.]

BLAN C 15.,
3111; ALBERT
00th ReR.
presentatioSii, TOT-NIGS6T, MONDAY,T August
at 8 o'clock. Egyptian Hall.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
CHEAP EXCURSION to BATH and BRISTOL.
On SUNDAY, August 21st, an Excursion Train will leave Pad-
dington at 7A5 a.m., for Bath and Bristol, returning the same even-
ing from Bristol at 6.30 p.m., and from Bath at 7.0 p.m.
Fares There and Back.
Bath .• ......First Class 93. Covered Carriages.. •• .. 55.
Bristol .. • • 108. .11
Tickets. which are not transferable, and are only available for the
Excursion Trains, may bo obtained previously at 27, King-street,
Cheapside ; 269, Strand; 25, Regent-street; and at the Paddington
Station.
Passengers having Luggage can only be conveyed at the ordinary
fares.
Paddington Station, August 11.

CASINO DE VENISE, 218, HIGH HOLBORN,
will RE-OPEN for the Season THIS NIGHT, Monday,
August 15. During the recess numerous and otter sive alterations
have been effected—the building extended, an additional gallery,
and
almostarge subscription room added. The whole entirely re-decorated
in
spten'id crystal chandeliers. Mr. W. M. Packer, with his Grand
Band, will perform a gnat variety of novelties in Operatic and
Dane*, Music. Doors open at et o'chck, and close at 12, Admission,
One Shilling.

AU STE ALIA.

We have received by the Indian mail our corre-
spondence and journals from Sydney to the 30th of
May.
The Legislative- Council of New South Wales
has taken the first: step towards carrying into effect

DR. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM,
consisting of more than 700 Models, Pi NOW OPEN, at tee
Portland Gallery, Regent-street, opposite the Pilytechnlc, every day
except Friday, from 11, till 5, and from 7 till 10, for gentlemen only ;
on Friday's, however, the 'Morning Exhibition for gentlemen will
close at 2 o'clock, when Ladies only will be admitted mall 5 o'clock.
Explanations for gentlemen by Pr. Leach, and for ladies by Mrs.
Leach Admitsion—One lulling.

NICOLL'S AUTUMNAL PATTERNS are
NOW READY.
EXCELLENCE and ECONOMY com'.ined, as illustrated by the
welt known Patent PALE rOT, at Two GuineaS.
England, France, cr Germany, the bat talent, workmanship,
and materials are secured by H. J and D. NICOLL, 114, 116, 118,
120, Regent-street, and 22, Cernhill, London.

T" AZTEC LILLIPUTIANS, exhibiting
Daily at the MARIONETTE THEATRE, Lowther Arcade.
Adelaide street, Strand.—Admission, ONE SHILLING ; Reserved
Scats, 2s. 6d. Afternoon Exlphition, 2 till 5 ; Evening, 8 till 10.
The Aztecs are the Wonders of the World—a Race of the HUM=
P'imilY hitherto unknown. They hove been horoured with a Spe-
cial Coramand to appear before her Majesty the Queen, at Bucking •
ham Palace. 50 000 of the elite of the Metropolis have looked with
wonder on the AZTECS.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.
CHEAP EXCURSION TO THE WEST OF ENGLAND
On MONDAY, the 29th August, an Excursion Train will leave
the Paddington Station at 8 o'clock in the morning, for Plymouth,
tapir g at Weston-super-Marc, Bridgewater, Taunton, Tiverton
Road, Exeter, Starcross, Dawlish, Teignmouth, Torquay, and Totnes,
and will return irom Plymouth on Wednesday, 7th September, at
6.25 a.m.

ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE.

WESTERN CIRCUIT.—PausTot, AUGUST 13.

THE CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY._
At the ninth petite drawing, on the 13th inst., at the offices,
33, Norfolk-street, Strand, amongst all the uncompleted
the l shareol-
-
holders, not previously entitled by drawing or by
seniority,
lowing 80 rights of choice in the 1-ociety's estates were drawn:-
Nos. 46C0. 2238, 25 2. 2512. 46,6, 3243. 3244, 3245, 3358, 2860,
2561, 2862, 5023, 5440, 3968, 1377, 3492, 4318, 4584, 4946, 18 i I, 2290,
2323, 4152, 4153, 4154, 812, 951, 2600, 1110, 1111, 11 2, 1786, 1296,
3201, 2332, 3983, 4802, 4803, 1579, 1580, 1551, 3993, 3032, 555, 4 93,
5095, 5096, 1725, 1722, 4933, 570, 4452, 4631, 1028, 1029, 2140, 3170,
2276, 2277. 2425 2426. 2427, 4893, 4894, 489.7.,, 3947, 3495, 692, 862,
934, 935, 865, 4643, 906, 907, 1655, 3496, 3497, 3498.
The following twelve numbers-3355, 860, 2810, 1489, 1259, 3008,
2196, 2997. 3124, 1816, 1817, and 1124-were also drawn, but the
holders thereof being in arrear, lost the benefit of their drawing
The following share Nos. will also be Id tced on the order of right
by seniority of membership: -Nos. 275, 76, 78, 229579, 280, 28
2991,
282, 283, 284, 985, 287, 284,249, 290, 2912, 2922, 2932, 294,, 298, ,
200, 302, 303. 304, 305, 306, 30,, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 315, 320,
321, 325, 327, and 329.
The Tenth Public Drawing is fixel for Wednesday, .eptember
thf• 7th, at Freemasons' [tall, Great Queen-street. being the Fourth
Quarterly cielieral)lecting of the Members, and the Anniversary af
the establt,hment s.f the Conservalve Land Society. All shares
taken on cr betore that day, up to the time of placinz the numbers in
the wheel, will participw ein th, advantage of this drawing. Appli-
cations for prosptuses:c mid shgres to be made to
CH ARL ES LEWIS GRUNEISEM, Secretary

Fares there and hack :
First Class. Closed Carriages.
Weston-super Mare or Brilgwater .. 20s. .. 13s.
Taunton or Tiverton Road .. •• 225. •• 15s.
Exeter 24s .. 16s.
Starcross, Dawlish, or Teignmouth .. 255. •• 178.
Torquay or Totnes .. .. .. 275. .. 16s.
Plymouth •. 20s.
The Excursion Tickets are not transferable, and are only available
by the Excursion Trains. T ckets may be obtained previously at
27, King-street, Cheapside ; 269, Strand ; 25, Regent-street (corner
of Jerrnyn-st eet) ; and at the Paddington Station. Further parti-
culars wilt be given in handbills, which may be had at any of the
above places.
Paddington Station, August 11.

SLADE V. EVANS.-7SPECIAL JURY.

Mr. Sergeant Kinglake and Mr. Prideaux were for
the plaintiff, and Mr. Montague Smith, Q.C., and Mr.
Hodges for the defendant.
The plaintiff, Mr. Slade, was a waggon manufacturer
and wheelwright, carrying on business in Temple Backs,
Bristol, and the defendants were Messrs. T. J. Evans
and Thos. Evans, and the action was brought to recover
1481. 13s. 4d., the value of certain timber, and as com-
pensation for injuries the plaintiff had received through
a breach of contract by the defendants.
The action arose out of these circumstances :—ln Ja-
nuary, 1852, there was a sale of a quantity of timber on
the Piercefield estate, near Chepstow, when a purchase
was made by a Mr. Thomas Smith, formerly a resident
at Bristol. The purchase was made subject to certain
conditions, one of which was that if Smith did not pay
the money, the vendors should hamitailn power of re-
selling the timber. Subsequently' to the purchase,
Smith became involved, and amongst other persons
he was indebted to the plaintiff 1201. To cover this
sum he offered the timber which he had bought at
Chepstow. This brought the plaintiff into connection
with the defendants, who agreed to let him have the
timber upon his undertaking to pay the residue of the
purchase money. An account was made out by the
Messrs. Evans, and the plaintiff gave a cheque for the
balance. The plaintiff subsequently agreed to sell a
portion of the timber to a Mr. Bachelor, of Cardiff, who
sent his truw to Chepstow for the timber. He was, how-
ever, owing to the defendants' breach of their agreement
unable to get it, and plaintiff was obliged to pay him
151. for the services of the trow, and also a sum of
money as compensation. This formed a portion of the
claim for special damage. Plaintiff subsequently again
called on defendants for the timber, when they said there
was an account due for hauling by Smith, and that the
plaintiff must pay it. To this plaintiff replied that
nothing bad been mentioned of any charge of hauling in
the account rendered him, and therefore he had nothing
to do with it ; he at length assented, however, to give,
a cheque for it if defendants would give him an acknow-
ledgment of its receipt. They refused to do this, stating
that they did not wish to involve themselves in the mat-
ter, and the plaintiff refusing to give a cheque under
any other conditions, the defendants refused to give up
the timber. In these transactions the Messrs. Evans
were merely the agents of other parties, but as they de-
clined to give the name of their principal, the action
had been brought against them.
The plaintiff and his attorney, Mr. Salmon, were
called to make out the case, and the plaintiff stated that
owing to the defendants' default he had been obliged to
break faith with parties, whereby he had suffered loss.
Mr. M. Smith, in giving the defendant's version of the
matter, admitted the sale to Smith, but stated that
owing to his failure to give security for the money beyond
the 101. per cent. deposit, the defendants directed the
bailiff of Piercefield not to allow Smith to have any more
timber. The bailiff not wishing the timber to lie on the
estate and injure the herbage, wrote to Smith that if be
did not remove it he should be obliged to do so himself,
and Smith failing, the bailiff removed it to near the place
of embarkation, at which place the plaintiff saw it. It
was clear that Smith must be liable for this charge of
hauling, and the plaintiff coming in in Smith's place,
also became liable. The plaintiff contended that he was
not answerable for any charges between Smith and the
bailiff, but there was no reason why, as the representa-
tive of Smith, defendants should let him have the timber
upon inure favourable terms than it would have been
supplied to Smith himself at.
For the defence, one of the defendants, a clerk in his
office, and the estate bailiff, were called, and they stated
that the plaintiff was well aware of the haulage charge
at the time when he came about the timber.

CORNWALL RAILWAY.
HALF-YEARLY ORDINARY MEETING.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the HALF-YEARLY
ORDINARY MEETING of the SHAREHOLDERS in the Cornwall
Railway Company will be held, pursuant to Act of Parliament, on
SITURDAY, the wenty-,-eyenth day o August instant, at noon pre-
cisely, the Council Chttinber, within the Town Hall, Truro, for
purposes of general business.
MICHAEL WILLIAMS, Chairman.
W. MANSEL TWEEDY, Deputy Chairman.
The Transfer Books will be closed on and from the 13th instant,
and will not be re-opened until after the said Half-Yearly General
Meeting on the 27th instant

OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.

PATRON—H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT.
LECTII3ES.—By J. 11. Pepper, Esq.: On I'IIOTOGRAPHY, with
Illustration., Mornings and Evenings
By Dr. Bachhoffner : On ELECTRO-GILDING and
• SILVERING.
Tha LANCASHIRE SEWING MACHINE exhibited in Use
and explained Daily.
On TUE ,DAYS and FRIDAYS, at Four o'clock, and Every Even-
ing (except Saturday) at Nine, the FIRST PART of an HISTORI-
CAL LECTURK n " THE THAMES," from its source to its
Estuary, by GEORGE EIUCKLAND, Esq., assisted by :Miss Blanche
lounge, with appropriate Songs and Dissolving Scenery.
( (pen Mornings and Evenings Admission, le.; Schools, and
Children under Ten years of age Half-price.

W. IL BOND, Secretary.

Truro, August 9, 1853.

CORNWALL RAILWAY.-NOTICE OF
CAI.I..—FIFFII CA L.— 21. per 2 1. share, making 101
paid up —Notice Is hereby given, that the Directors of the Cornwall
dlway Company have Thie Day made a Call or 21. per 20!.
Share upon the respective Shareholders In the said Company,
and have appointed such call to be paid on the 15th day of August
next, to ei her of the undermentioned Bankers, namely :
Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., Lombard-street, London.
esqrs. Praeds and Co., Fleet-street, London.
Messrs. Tweedy, Williams, and Co., nitro, Falmouth, and
Redruth, Cornwall.
And the several Shareholders in the said Company are hereby re-
quired to pay such Call.
By order of the Directors.
W. 11. BOND, Secretary.

" Divide about the broad bride cake,
Round about the bride's stake."—BEN Jorrscrs.
MTEDDING BREAKFAST, BALL SUP-
PERS, and DINNERS PROVIDED ENTIRE in town or
country, by Messrs. PUR ;SELL, Cornbill, including wines of the
most recherche description, and use of plate, linen, china, glass, and
attendance, seats, tables, lights, dancing hollands, and instrumental
music, wedding and invitation stationery, as in Paris. Carriages,
post or otherwise. An elegant assortment of bride cakes for selec-
tion, dessert and evening ices. A competent person sent to receive
orders, and give instructions as to the arrangements of entertain-
ments. Note —Messrs. Purssell have no other business premises
except those in Cornhill, near the Exchange.

Dated Truro, Bth July, 1853.
Interest at the rate of 33‘ per cent. on Calls paid up will be allowed
from the date of payment. All interest will cease from the dde of
the Can being made payable on the whole amount paid up until the
said Call be paid, and a charge of 4 per cent. will be made on the
unpaid call during the time the said Call remains in arrear.

CREW'S CHLORIDE OF ZINC,
the best and Cheapest Disinfecting Fluid for the purification
of Ship's Holds' Cesspools, Drains, water-closets, &c.; the Disin-
fection of Sick Rooms, Clothing, Linen, and for the Prevention of
Contagion.
Chloride of Zinc, as the best Disinfecting and purifying agent, is
now established beyond all doubt. It is perfectly harmless in its
application and innoxious in itself. The high price at which it has
hitherto been sold has prevented its general use ; to obviate this
obstacle to its universal application as a disinfecting and purifying
agent, the present manufacturer, who was many years with Sir W.
Burnett's Company, has arranged to supply the public with concen-
trated Chloride of Zinc in its greatest purity and at the lowest price.
It is sold by all Chemists and Shipping Agents in the United King-
dom, in Imperial Quart Bottles at 2s. 6d. each, and in larger vessels
at Os. per C anon.
Each Bottle wi.l be accompanied with instructions for its dilution
and use. Concentrated Chloride of Zinc in use may be diltnea with
200 times its quantity of water.
Orders executed by the Sole Agents, Messrs. Drew, Heyward, and
Barron, Bush-lane, Cannon-street.
Manufactured at IL G. GRAY'S, Commercial Wharf, Mile,,End,
London.

G B. A v

ES END ST A
PACKETS.
it the Grays, Greenhithe, and Purfleet
ie Piers as underlined (weather permitti
:RRACE PIER, GRAVESEND.

IA R. OULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
2 X To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row, Carvalho,
147. Fleet-street, Mann, 39, Cornhill. Price One Shilling each ; by
post, Is (hi.

N., other Packets call a
The Packets call at V:
FROM TE

WEEK DAYS. SUNDAYS.
.SP.
= e,
.c -4
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stBt,h _ * _ 1114 —
t 91,6 1
314
11% I
5 1
216
39
5 7
6 714
6344 --. 8
7 4
8
Direct Trains from the Boats marked f
The 81,E boat on Monday Mornings does not stop at Purfieet.
Omnibuses from Fenchurch-street Station to all parts of London
every quarter of an hour.
BRUNSWICK ,v lIARF, BLACKWALL, on the arrival of the fol-
lowing Trains from the Fenchurch-street Station.
WEEK DAYS. SUNDAYS.
o
12 4-. 4 • ,d , ,11 '
~ ; s ;a A .- 4! ci, -.,... 4
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Time. 0 .-. Ei cs, iti) VMS. 0 ~.. ,E ,st es v
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10% 10 _.
11 M 1014
1214
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2 4 2 IA
33MX,
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4U— -- 5
+r6l4
Passages marked *are rUn direct.
Fore Cabin. Saloon.
To or from Gravesend and London•• • ..... 10d. .. Is. 2d.
„ Gravesend and Blackwall or Woolwish Bd. .• Os. 10d.
Between Gravesend and Intermediate Piers.. 6d. .. Os. Bd.
BOAT T IC KET 5.,-,—Twelv,e Mi,rd tbosf,
t5l is .e, Ci
Cs 'Oil eBcl tox it 1 oonnt II
bs
~
a3rld. Otsla. e;

ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
,:osvrErrs : —Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
cursions about the Enviaiests of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills
Forests, Fields, High-roads, And other pleasant places--Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea —London at Night—Evenings at Home
Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, bleeping, Bathing, Air,
Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.

Mr. Sergeant Kinglake having replied in a powerful
speech,
Mr. Justice Talfourd summed up, contrasting the con
tradictory points in the evidence.
The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff.

FRAGMENTS FROM TILE FOUNTAINS. Two Vols.
Vol. I.

VISIT TO THE LAKES; SKETCH OF EDDIBITROII, &c.

Vol., IL

'IFIE LAKES OF KILLARNEY REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN. &c.

WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
"That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business or study, and em
bitters old age ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu
ation ca every-day life.

NORTHERN CIRCUIT.--LlvEnrwt, AUG. 13
(Crown • Court.—Before Mr. Justice Wightman.)
ADMINISTERING POISON TO A HUSBAND.
Martha Walker was indicted for having administered
to Philip Walker a quantity of sugar of lead, with in-
tent to murder him.
Mr. Overend and Mr. Higgins appeared for the pro-
secution, and Mr. Sowler for the prisoner.
The prosecutor is an operative cotton spinner at
Ashton-under-Lyne, and has lived with the prisoner
in comfort for about 20 years, until about 12 months
ago, since which time they have had frequent quarrels.
The prisoner is the mother of 11 children. On the
21st of May the prosecutor returned home at mid-
night, and the prisoner struck her son, upon which the
prosecutor interfered. The prisoner said to him, "Hold
your d—d noise ; you shall not live three weeks." He
then asked if she was going to poison him, to which she
replied, "No, thou may live as long as thou can." He
hit her with a poker. On the evening of the 24th, upon
the prosecutor returning home from work, he got some
coffee, which tasted disagreeable and rough, but he did
not mention this to his wife. During the night he got
up to get some water, and he then told her how he
felt. Upon getting up at five o'clock in the morning,
he took a parcel of coffee and sugar for his breakfast.
On pouring it out at breakfast-time, he saw some white
grains, and he took the stuff to Mr. Star, the druggist,
and requested him to analyse it. On the Wednesday,
Thursday, and Friday, he continued very unwell, and
accused her of attempting to poison him ; but she denied
having put anything into his coffee. She said some
sugar of lead must have fallen from a glass in the cup-
board into his sugar and coffee. She said that she got
the lead for the purpose of bathing her face, which had
been affected by St. Anthony's fire. She recommended
him to get some castor oil. The prosecutor gave in-
formation to Inspector Buckley, who apprehended the
prisoner, and the coffee was analysed by Mr. Stone, of
the Manchester School of Medicine, who found acetate
of lead.
The principal witness for the prosecution was of course
the prosecutor himself, who stated the leading facts of
the case and the symptoms under which he laboured.
He was cross-examined at considerable length by Mr.
Sowler, and admitted that he had occasionally taken
laudanum at nights, but never in the day time. In this,
however, he was flatly contradicted by his sons, who
stated that they bad frequently seen their father take
laudanum in the day-time ; sometimes with a spoon and
sometimes he drank it out of a bottle.
Buckley, the officer, stated the fact of his apprehend-
ing the prisoner.
chemist,
Mr. Geo. Stone, analytical stated that he
examined two parcels from Mr. Buckley, and found a
quantity of white grains, which proved to be acetate
of lead.
Several children were called who stated that they had
been sent several times by the prisoner for sugar of lead
to bathe her face.
Mr. Sowler addressed the jury at considerable length
on behalf of the prisoner, observing that this was a most
serious case, and the motives suggested against the pri-
soner were—first, a quarrel with her husband about a
small sum of money ; and secondly, the base motive of
possessing herself of the sum of 4/. from some benefit
society, in case of her husband's death. The fact was
that the weakness under which the prosecutor laboured
was produced by laudanum, and Mr. Steer, the druggist
remonstrated with him, and then he got laudanum else-
where. The husband denied that anything had been
the matter with his wife's face, but it appeared that she
was ill only three weeks before she was apprehended,
and she got some sugar of lead then. The learned
counsel then commented upon the conduct of the prose-
cutor, who just before the time of his wife's apprehen-
sion had got drunk along with her at a public-house,
and now appeared to prosecute her.
evi
His lordship having summed up the dence,
The jury found the prisoner not guilty.
in

IV.
THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,

Truthi as refined as Athens ever heard."

Sua.racT :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad-
vent of the passions. Chastity and Its inftingement. The casualties
oflicentiousncss and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narra-
tive, and romediative. Advocacy of early marriages.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
PSOGRAMME : —Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, Stc.
By R. J. C (TLVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.R.A.
(1824), Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
matters.

Price Is. each; by post, Is. 6d.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147,
Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or of M. R. Culverwell, M.D..
10, Argo-Place, Recent-street, who may be consulted daily from
Ten till Five and cloven till Nine.

[ADVERTISENENT.]-Fifty Thousand Cures by Du
Barry's Food, without medicine, inconvenience, or ex-
pense (as it saves fifty times its cost in other remedies).—
" Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, indiges-
tion, and debility, from which I had suffered great
misery, and which no medicine could rem vs or reli
leve,
have been effectually cured by Du Barry's Revaenta
Tiverton."—" Eight years' dyspepsia'
Arabica Food in a very shortime. W. R. Reeves
Pool Anthony,
nervousness, debility, with cramps, spams, and nausea,'
for which my servant had consulted the advice of many
have been effectually removed by. Du Barry's delicious
health-restoring food in a very short time. I shall be
happy to answer any inquiries. Rev. Johnars' W. Flavelle'
Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."--"Three ye excessiv
nervousness, with pains in my neck and left arm, and
general debility, which rendered my life very miserable,
has been radically removed by Du Barry's health-re-
storing food. Alexs. Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skib-
bereen."—" 50 years' indescribable
agony from
flat dyu-
s-
pepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation,
lency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomitings,
has been removed by Du Barry's excellent food. Maria
Jolly, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."—Copies of
testimonials of 50,000 cures (including those of Lord
Stuart de Decies, Major-General Thomas King, Drs.
Ure, Shorland, and Harvey) gratis. In canisters, with
full instructions, 11b., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d. ;
33561 b,. The
11s.
121 b., 225. ; super-refined, Sib., 225. ;
101 b. and 121 b. carriage free. Barry Du Barry and Co.,
77, Regent-street, London.

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the change in the constitution of the colony con-
ceded by the dispatches of Sir J. Pakington and
the Duke of Newcastle. In the sitting of the 20th
Mr. Wentworth moved the appointment of a com-
mittee to draw up what is called " the new consti-
tution." The chief point discussed in this pre-
liminary debate was the future organization of an
Upper Chamber, the establishment of which is the
condition attached to the other concessions of the
home Government. In the remonstrance of the
Council of last year, the constitution of Canada was
referred to as the model to be copied in the reor-
ganisation of that of New South Wales. The Cana-
dian Upper House is composed of members nomi-
nated by the Crown for life ; and Mr. Wentworth,
in moving for the committee, assumed that the
Council has bound itself to adopt that mode of
constituting the Upper House, and no other. The
Crown has granted what was asked, and it is
argued, the Council has no right now to alter
the terms of its demand. Only one member of the
Council—Mr. Martyn—dissented from this view of
the question ; he thought the Council was not so
completely tied by the language of its remonstrance
as Mr. Wentworth supposed, and maintained that
the reference to the constitution of Canada was
merely general—a mode of expressing their wish
that the spirit of "responsible government," which
lhas been so advantageous to Canada should be in-
fused into the future political system of New South
Wales, and not a demand for the exact reproduc-
tion here of a Canadian institution. The commit-
tee, however, will, it is pretty certain, adopt
Mr. Wentworth's view of the question, and recom-
mend that the new Upper Chamber be composed
of nominees of the Crown. It is the readiest
mode of meeting the difficulty ; but that it will be
popular out of doors is more than doubtful. The
nominee system is disliked in any form ; hitherto,
every failure in colonial legislation has been ascribed
to the influence of the nominee members of the
Council, as at present constituted ; and it is the
general impression that the new Chamber will be
composed of nearly the same men who are now
th the
ent—at, in
regular supporters of the Goverum.
fact, the Upper Chamber will be little more than
the nominee section of the Council sitting sepa-
rately, instead of forming an integral part of it.
The unpopularity of the official members of the
present Council will be transferred to any assembly
constituted in the same manner by nomination. It
will be prejudged. This is the disadvantage of the
system ; on the other hand, it is argued the Crown
is not limited in its selection to its present nomi-
nees, and that if the new appointments are made
for life, as in Canada, some of the body might de-
rive from that security a degree of independence
that would render them fair arbitrators between
the Crown and the elected representatives ; and,
even if the change went no further than sending
the official nominees of the Council to sit in another
Chamber, it would still be an advantage, inasmuch
1 as the Council, then wholly elective, would give a
truer reflex of public feeling. At present great
concessions have to be made to official influence to
secure the passing a measure or the adoption of a
report ; and some of the elected members will, per-
haps, not be sorry to see the representatives of the
Crown fairly "in another place," where they may
be " bombarded with good measures," and left to
incur the undivided unpopularity of rejecting them.
Something like this is very likely to occur.
The committee to which all the despatches of the
Colonial-office are referred consists of the following
gentlemen :—Mr. Wentworth, the Colonial Secre-
tary, the Attorney-General, Mr. Martyn, Mr.
Cowper, Mr. Douglass, Mr. J. M'Arthur, Mr.
Murray, Mr. Thurlow, and Mr. M`Leay.
The question excites no general interest ; the
public mind is wholly absorbed by business, and
the task of constitution-making falls in a very
unfavourable time. Nothing less solid than gold
and the large profits of the Traffic it has created
command any attention.
A series of five resolutions expressing the thanks
of the Council to her Majesty's Ministers for the
recent concessions, and proposing also an address of
thanks to the Crown, was moved and discussed on
the 21th, but for various reasons the resolutioni
themselves were so strongly objected to that they
were finally withdrawn, and a committee of eight
members named, with Anstructions to draw up
others.
The 10. amending the Gold Regulations Act has
been introduced and printed ; it removes many of
the grievances that have been so much complained
of, but, if the reports from the goldfields can be
relied on, is still not considered satisfactory by the
diggers. The desertion of the fields of New South.
Wales for those of Victoria is ascribed to the strin-
gency of the regulations enforced in the former
province. But the diggers are under any circum-
stances a migratory class, quitting one field for
another, according to the reported richness of the
' finds.' The greater productiveness of the southern
diggings drew them to Victoria in a rush ; and the
discovery of richer deposits than those now being
worked in the north would bring them back again.
Under no regulations, however favourable, would
they stay in an unproductive field ; nor would the
most stringent rules keep them out of a very rich
one. The number of workers in any district is, in
the main, determined by what can be got in it ;
the regulations that are so loudly condemned as
" the cause of depopulation" of the New South
Wales diggings may have some influence, but
not half so much as people impute to them. The
new bill will allow persons to " prospect" or try the
ground without licenses in places that have not
been proclaimed as goldfields. The prohibition of
the issue of licenses to runaway servants and ap-
prentices is repealed, merely because it is impossible
to carry it with effect ; but a conviction of hav-
ing absconded from hired service cancels a license
if it has been obtained. Servants, persons in Go-
vernment employ, and clergymen, are not to pay
license fees for residing on the fields, and foreigners
are to be dealt with precisely as British subjects.
With these amended regulations, if a few dazzling
nuggets are turned up during the winter, the Syd-
ney diggings may again be tenanted. Without some
greater finds than have lately been made, much
effect cannot be expected of them.
The committee of the Australian Anti-Convict
League has decided on dissolVing that body so soon
as the ministerial declaration of the abolition of
transportation to any of the present Australian
colonies shall have been legally carried into effect
by an order in Council, or an act of Parliament.
It is proposed to celebrate the dissolution of the
league by the grandest banquet that has ever been
given in the colony.
The Adelaide steamer arrived here on the 21st ;
the incidents of her voyage have almost brought
steam itself into discredit, and the condemnation of
the Royal Mail Company, on all sides, is deep and
hearty. It is doubtful whether the Adelaide can
attempt to make the voyage back to England in her
present state ; the general impression is, she will
be sent to India for extensive repairs, as there is
no dock or slip here large enough for a vessel of
her tonnage. The Shanghai has luckily brought
the mail shipped by the Australian ; had that been
delayed as long as the former one, the merchants of
Sydney would probably have been supported by the
Council in a strong remonstrance to the Post-office
authorities at home on the mismanagement of their
contract for this colony. Considering that the exports
from Australia now equal in value those from the
whole empire of India, the colonists feel j ustly indig-
nant at their postal arrangements being so bungled.
Two glaring failures, and an accidental escape from
a third, when millions depend on the advices both
ways, are enough to give colour to any charges of
neglect or incapacity in those who have the real
control of the arrangements.
The accounts from the goldfields are almost
limited to the returns of the quantities of bullion
brought down by the escorts, and the preparations
made by the diggers for the winter ; many will
quit the grounds to return in the spring ; the more
steady and determined will camp out and work on ;
bark huts and log houses are being built, and in
many places the diggings present a more settled ap-
appearance. The roads, difficult in summer, are
becoming worse, and the carriage of goods in again
rising. At Castlemain (Victoria) there has been a
disturbance, caused by the over-zeal of the police in
illicit grog selling ; theyrepressing pulled down
and demolished a store in the night without war-
rant or authority, leaving the inmates, lodgers,
and
others exposed to the weather. Such a proceeding
on suspicion was considered too bad, and the dig-
gers thrown into an anti-police agitation.
Indig-
nation meetings are being held, and placards are
posted on the gum trees, invoking the spirit of
Hampden against official tyranny.
re-
port it was supposed that the lo: By the last
eal commissioners
would allay the storm by paying for the damage
done. Half the business of the police appears to
be in hunting out these contraband establishments.
Considering the enormous number of public houses

January
February
March

April

Total

/ •.," /
C..
i7-------)
/ s,, rapidly. Some few stores : /offices are ,
/
7 /r _.
. , nushed on to completion, but ew dwelling-
/ I houses are in course of erection. To those not
actually making money, life is a struggle with ex-
pensive discomfort ; many persons who were inde-
pendent of trade are leaving the colony altogether
and returning to England ; professional men, Go-
vernment officials, and others are driven from the
1 city, finding it impossible to pay the rents de-,
mantled, and are compelled to find residences in the
country. Those who are employed at fixed salaries,
or who hold Government situations, 'are the worst
off, as they can neither quit them nor, like profes-
sional men, increase their income by higher charges.
This unfortunate class is fast sinking into debt, -
and the Government has been compelled by the
hardship of their case to propose a general increase
in the scale of all official salaries ; the measure is
now before the Council, and, when voted, will pro-
bably be made retrospective, the increase 0111e-
naencing from the Ist of January last. , BArt iii ALL
respects. Sydney offers only a faint picture of the
state of things at Melbourne ; ;there VP are
asked for mere hOvels that would not be demanded
for mansions in Europe ; and the rapid increase of
the population is beginning to be regarded with
something like fear. So great is the suffering of
the hundreds who laud there destitute that the
residents, though till now very indifferent, have
at last made an attempt to relieve it, by pre-
paring some place of temporary:. shelter for
the new comers. There is some difficulty in
comprehending how positive destitution can
exist where every kind of labour is well paid ; but
a large proportion of the immigrants are neither
labourers nor mechanics, nor domestic servants ; the
diggings failing, they soon spend all they have, and
fall into a most miserable condition ; at last they
are compelled to become labourers on the road, or
anything ; but the struggle with pride is often long
and painful. One of the Melbourne journals has
published a solemn exhortation to this generally
useless class, imploring them to descend cheerfully
and " like Christians" to the menial occupations for
which there is a field, at the same time lecturing
employers on the folly of entertaining a prejudice
against taking gentlemen and ladies for household
servants--an additional difficulty with which the
educated destitute have to contend. There is, it
seems, something embarrassing to a master in having
a graduate of Cambridge to black his boots or groom
his horse ; and even if a gentleman offered to un-
dertake those duties, he would be rejected for one
who could not be accused of mathematics or man-
ners. Yet, if the advice of the writer above cited
Could be followed, it would be a benefit on both
sides ; that it should be so earnestly given is one of
the inications of the anomalous state of society.
The Monumental City, an American vessel, was
.•
wrecked on the night of the 15th by running on a
rock in Malaaoutta, Bay, on her passage from Port •
Philip to Sydney. 32 of the passengers and crew
perished ; 54 were saved. The captain, W. H.
Adams, is severely blamed for recklessness and
keeping too close to the land, even against the
warning of one of the passengers, who was well
acquainted with the coast. The night was fine and
the wind off shore.

P
RIOE 50.

permitted in the towns, Fa freer dispensation of
licenses at the diggings might be made without
detriment to morality, and would render the illicit
sale of spirits less profitable.
The regularity with which large quantities of
gold are brought down to Melbourne proves, how-
ever, that the diggers do not allow their labour to
be interrupted by such incidents. By a return sub-
joined it will be seen that the produce of the Vic-
toria goldfields continues rather to increase than
diminish. The richest or best-worked diggings
are evid6ntly at Mount Alexander. As long as the
yield in Victoria continues so great no change in
the gold regulations of New South Wales will bring
the gold seekers back to the northern fields. It is
quite possible the Sydney diggings may be no less
rich than those of the south ; nothing is more ca-
pricious than the manner in which gold is distri-
buted. But to become popular they must furnish
some counter-temptation to announcements like the
following, taken from the last Geelong Adver-
tiser :
" Mr. Esmond, the first discoverer of gold in Victoria,
has just brought into Geelong a splendid specimen found
in White Horse Gully, Ballarat, of the estimated weight
of 60 ounces. It was found at 54 feet depth, in a seam
of quartz running horisontally beneath a hard conglo-
merate of slate and quartz blended. The specimen re-
sembles those masses found at Canadian Gully. The
colour, shape, and fragmentary appearance of the quartz
are- the counterparts in every respect of those found at
the Canadian. WhitelUorse Gully is close to Yuide's
home station, and on the Ballarat side of the dividing
range."
Some of the miners now use gunpowder to loosen
a bed of conglomerate from five to ten feet thick,
which has to be cut through in the works at the
White Hills and Ballarat. The cradle,' the first
and simplest contrivance for washing the stuff, is
being superseded by machines that wash greater
quantities more thoroughly ; the long Tom' is an
enlarged cradle, and the sluice' is a still more ef-
fective arrrngement for parties sufficient in number
to work it. The whole process is gradually be-
coming one that requires a certain degree of skill,
and that of a kind which must be acquired on the
spot ; even in discovering the most likely places for
claims, geological knowledge is often baffled where
a sort of local instinct succeeds. It is the recom-
mendation of one of the scientific authorities of the
colony that persons who have read up their geology
for the article gold,' with a view to the diggings,
had better, on arriving there ' lay all their science
on the shelf as soon as possible.'
The following return gives the quantity of gold
delivered from the Victoria fields, at Melbourne,
by the Government and private escorts, in the firs
four months of the present year :

Ounces.
186,015
. 172,329
. 169,654

. 161,431

Total
In the corresponding months of 1852 the produce
of the same fields was as follows :

Ounces.
. 64,834
. 56,108
51,865
. 67,556

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

January
February
March .
April

240,363

The increase is 449,066 ounces above the produce
of the same period last year, or 187 per cent. But
it should be remembered the fields are now more
extensive, and worked by a greater number of per-
sons. There is no indication that the yield is fall-
ing off ; another return gives the quantity brought
down in the last two months from the several
diggings :

SYDNEY, MAY 30.
Our markets continue very active, and our trading
community is in a most prosperous state. A very large
amount of coin is in circulation in proportion to the paper
afloat.
,Money never was so cheap in the colony as at
present, and we doubt not it will be cheaper still. We
must then look for heavy speculations and speculative
purchases of the most extraordinary nature being en-
tered upon. Credits are tendered liberally, and many
houses will, doubtless, spring up ready to avail them-
selves of the favourable opportunity of obtaining heavy
stocks. The trade and importers are, the most part,
very confiding, and the colony, on the whole, in an ex-
cellent course of training for running into as heavy a
crash as we had in 1842. Up to the present time goods
were so exceedingly scarce that there was no oppor-
tunity for investment. We are having large quantities
of goods coming forward, and the trade are stepping out
of their line to speculate in land, houses, &c. With
our immense resources we can never be long sufferers ;
but even they cannot support the expense the colony
now labours under. Consumable goods of all descrip-
tions leave an enormous profit. Manufactures of almost
any description sell at extravagant rates. Materials of
whatever description are enormously high. Mechanical
labour of whatever class yields a most extraordinary
return.

Ale and porter are being largely consumed, and leave
a very heavy per tentage.
Bacon, hams, cheese, and butter rule exceedingly
high, and the finest qualities most sought for.
Fish, dried and preserved, bears an extreme profit,
and the consumption is very heavy, though we notice a
decline on the extravagant rates ruling during Lent.
Spirits are quoted higher for brandy ; rum and gin
1 without alteration. _ _

Oats, oatmeal, barley, peas, malt, wheat, bran, &c.,
all fluctuating considerably, but leave large profits to
the importer.

Flour is rather easier.

-- -
Oilmen's stores leave a very heavy profit to importers,
and, as the country stores had been cleared previous to
late arrivals, are freely taken as they come to hand.
Fine sugars aro in request, and some very suitable
samples in the market, ex Fanny Fisher and Richard
and William.
Fine samples of Hy son kinds in request, and stocks
light. The stock of Congous is rather fallen, and prices
barely remunerative.